Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/poliomyelitis

  Polio is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus. It invades the nervous system and can cause total paralysis in a matter of hours. […] There is no cure for polio, it can only be prevented. Polio vaccine, given multiple times, can protect a child for life. There are two vaccines available: oral polio vaccine and inactivated polio vaccine. Both are effective and safe, and both are used in different combinations worldwide, depending on local epidemiological and programmatic circumstances, to ensure the best possible protection to populations can be provided. […] The strategies for polio eradication work when they are fully implemented. This is clearly demonstrated by the successful eradication of the disease in most countries of the world. […] Key to success is ensuring the Strategy is fully implemented in all areas and is fully resourced. Failure to implement strategic approaches, however, leads to ongoing transmission of the virus.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/poliomyelitis

  There is no cure for polio; it can only be prevented by immunization. The polio vaccine, given multiple times, can protect a child for life. […] Vaccination is crucial in the fight against polio. Failure to implement strategic approaches leads to ongoing transmission of the virus. […] That is why it is critical to ensure polio is eradicated completely, once and for all.

• #3 About Polio in the United States | Polio | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/polio/about/index.html

  Vaccination has helped eliminate wild poliovirus in the United States. […] Maintaining high immunity (protection) against polio through vaccination is the best way to continue keeping people safe from polio. […] The polio vaccine is safe and effective. […] The best way to keep people safe is through vaccination. This maintains a high level of protection (also called immunity) in the population. […] Anyone who is not up to date with their polio vaccines is at risk of getting polio. […] Protect your child with vaccination. Polio vaccine protects children by preparing their bodies to fight the poliovirus. For best protection, children should get 4 doses of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). Almost all children (more than 99%) who get all the recommended doses of the inactivated polio vaccine will be protected.

• #4 Polio (Poliomyelitis, Infantile Paralysis)

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/polio/

  Polio is a debilitating and life-threatening disease. A virus that can affect the brain and spinal cord, polio can cause paralysis or even death. This makes polio very dangerous, especially for New Yorkers who are unvaccinated or not up to date with their polio immunizations. […] There is no cure for polio, but disease, including paralysis, is preventable through safe and effective vaccination. IPV the only vaccine available in the U.S. is safe and contains no live virus. It protects 99 100 percent of people who receive all recommended doses. […] The best way New Yorkers can ensure they are protected from this highly contagious virus that can cause paralysis and even death is by staying up to date with polio immunizations. […] Make sure you and your family are fully immunized- learn more about polio immunization here.

• #5 Polio Vaccination | Polio | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/polio/vaccines/index.html

  There is no cure for polio (or poliomyelitis), but it can be prevented with safe and effective vaccination. […] CDC recommends that children get 4 doses of polio vaccine to protect them against severe polio disease, including paralysis. […] The best way to protect against polio, or poliomyelitis, is to get vaccinated. […] As part of routine childhood immunization, children in the United States should get IPV to protect against polio. […] Children should get 4 doses total, one at each of the following ages: 2 months old 1st dose 4 months old 2nd dose 6-18 months old 3rd dose 4-6 years old 4th dose. […] Children who are delayed in getting all recommended doses should finish their series by following the recommended catch-up schedule. […] If you have never been vaccinated against polio you should get 3 doses of IPV.

• #6 Poliomyelitis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/poliomyelitis

  Two preventive vaccines are available: The inactivated poliovirus (IPV) vaccine by injection, developed by Jonas Salk in the 1950s. […] The oral polio vaccine (OPV), developed by Albert Sabin, also in the 1950s. […] The eradication program is faced with the further challenge that the vast majority of poliovirus infections are asymptomatic. […] The effectiveness of the surveillance system therefore needs to be increased as the number of poliomyelitis cases falls.

• #7 Polio – Vaccine, Prevention, Eradication | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/polio/Treatment-and-vaccination

  There are two types of polio vaccine: the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), also known as the Salk vaccine, named for its inventor, Jonas Salk; and the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), or Sabin vaccine, named for its inventor, Albert Sabin. IPV, based on killed, or inactivated, poliovirus serotypes 1, 2, and 3, was the first vaccine to break the scourge of polio epidemics in the 1950s. It is administered by injection and circulates through the bloodstream, where it causes the generation of antibodies against active, or wild (as opposed to vaccine-type), virus. […] OPV is based on live but weakened, or attenuated, poliovirus. There are three types of OPV: trivalent (tOPV), which contains all three serotypes of live attenuated polioviruses; bivalent (bOPV), which contains two of the three serotypes; and monovalent (mOPV), which contains one of the three serotypes. Thus, trivalent vaccine is effective against all three serotypes (PV1, PV2, and PV3), bivalent vaccine is effective against PV1 and PV3, and monovalent vaccines are effective against a single serotype.

• #8 Polio – Vaccine, Prevention, Eradication | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/polio/Treatment-and-vaccination

  There are two types of polio vaccine: the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), also known as the Salk vaccine, named for its inventor, Jonas Salk; and the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), or Sabin vaccine, named for its inventor, Albert Sabin. IPV, based on killed, or inactivated, poliovirus serotypes 1, 2, and 3, was the first vaccine to break the scourge of polio epidemics in the 1950s. It is administered by injection and circulates through the bloodstream, where it causes the generation of antibodies against active, or wild (as opposed to vaccine-type), virus. […] OPV is based on live but weakened, or attenuated, poliovirus. There are three types of OPV: trivalent (tOPV), which contains all three serotypes of live attenuated polioviruses; bivalent (bOPV), which contains two of the three serotypes; and monovalent (mOPV), which contains one of the three serotypes. Thus, trivalent vaccine is effective against all three serotypes (PV1, PV2, and PV3), bivalent vaccine is effective against PV1 and PV3, and monovalent vaccines are effective against a single serotype.

• #9 Poliomyelitis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/poliomyelitis

  Two preventive vaccines are available: The inactivated poliovirus (IPV) vaccine by injection, developed by Jonas Salk in the 1950s. […] The oral polio vaccine (OPV), developed by Albert Sabin, also in the 1950s. […] The eradication program is faced with the further challenge that the vast majority of poliovirus infections are asymptomatic. […] The effectiveness of the surveillance system therefore needs to be increased as the number of poliomyelitis cases falls.

• #10 Polio – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/enteroviruses/polio

  Because polio has been eradicated in the United States, doctors recommend only the injected inactivated poliovirus vaccine for children in this country. The oral vaccine is no longer available in the United States but is used in other parts of the world. […] Due to the detection of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in the United States, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) updated adult poliovirus vaccination recommendations in 2023. Adults who have never been vaccinated or have not been given all the recommended doses should receive the full series of 3 doses of injected vaccine. […] Widespread immunization can stop the spread of both types of polio outbreaks, and travelers to certain countries may need to show proof of adequate vaccination.

• #11 Polio Vaccinations Provide Safe, Effective Protection | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health

  https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2025/polio-vaccinations-provide-safe-effective-protection

  Both oral and injected poliovirus vaccines are safe and effective at protecting against polio. […] That 1955 vaccine—the inactivated polio vaccine, or IPV—is the only polio vaccine used in the U.S. today. Over the past seven decades, it has proven incredibly safe and effective. […] Because of this risk, in 2000 the U.S. switched from the OPV to the IPV. The IPV cannot cause paralytic disease because it uses a killed virus that cannot mutate. […] The IPV that’s used in this country is a very, very safe and effective vaccine. It can prevent us from going back to those days where parents have to fear that their healthy child could be paralyzed the next day. To have even a single case of a child paralyzed by polio in the United States would be enormously tragic—and completely preventable.

• #12 Polio eradication – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio_eradication

  The most important step in eradication of polio is interruption of endemic transmission of poliovirus. Stopping polio transmission has been pursued through a combination of routine immunization, supplementary immunization campaigns, and surveillance of possible outbreaks. Several key strategies have been outlined for stopping polio transmission: High infant immunization coverage with four doses of oral polio vaccine (OPV) in the first year of life in developing and endemic countries, and routine immunization with OPV or IPV elsewhere. […] There are two distinct types of polio vaccine. Oral polio vaccine (OPV, or Sabin vaccine) contains attenuated poliovirus. OPV is delivered as oral drops or infused into sugar cubes. It is highly effective and inexpensive (about US$0.15 to 0.20 per dose in 2024) and its availability has bolstered efforts to eradicate polio. The vaccine confers long-term, possibly lifelong, immunity to the virus. Because of its route of administration, it induces an immunization of the intestinal mucosa that protects against subsequent infection, though multiple doses are necessary to achieve effective prophylaxis.

• #13 Polio Vaccination | Polio | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/polio/vaccines/index.html

  There is no cure for polio (or poliomyelitis), but it can be prevented with safe and effective vaccination. […] CDC recommends that children get 4 doses of polio vaccine to protect them against severe polio disease, including paralysis. […] The best way to protect against polio, or poliomyelitis, is to get vaccinated. […] As part of routine childhood immunization, children in the United States should get IPV to protect against polio. […] Children should get 4 doses total, one at each of the following ages: 2 months old 1st dose 4 months old 2nd dose 6-18 months old 3rd dose 4-6 years old 4th dose. […] Children who are delayed in getting all recommended doses should finish their series by following the recommended catch-up schedule. […] If you have never been vaccinated against polio you should get 3 doses of IPV.

• #14 Poliomyelitis (Polio) | Disease Outbreak Control Division

  https://health.hawaii.gov/docd/disease_listing/poliomyelitis-polio/

  Poliomyelitis, or polio, is a crippling and potentially deadly infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. […] The best way to protect against polio is to get the polio vaccine, also called inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). […] All children should receive four doses of IPV at the following ages: 2 months, 4 months, 6 through 18 months, and 4 through 6 years. […] Children who will be traveling to a country where the risk of getting polio is greater should complete the polio vaccine series before leaving for their trip. […] Most adults do not need polio vaccine because they were already vaccinated as children and their risk of exposure to poliovirus in the U.S. is very small. […] But some adults are at higher risk and should consider polio vaccination: Travelers to a country where the risk of getting polio is greater, Persons who work in a laboratory and handle specimens that might contain polioviruses, Healthcare workers treating patients who could have polio or have close contact with a person who could be infected with poliovirus. […] Two doses of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) are 90% effective or more against polio; three doses are 99%-100% effective. […] It is not known how long people who received IPV will be immune to polio, but they are most likely protected for many years after a complete series of IPV.

• #15 Polio Vaccination | Polio | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/polio/vaccines/index.html

  There is no cure for polio (or poliomyelitis), but it can be prevented with safe and effective vaccination. […] CDC recommends that children get 4 doses of polio vaccine to protect them against severe polio disease, including paralysis. […] The best way to protect against polio, or poliomyelitis, is to get vaccinated. […] As part of routine childhood immunization, children in the United States should get IPV to protect against polio. […] Children should get 4 doses total, one at each of the following ages: 2 months old 1st dose 4 months old 2nd dose 6-18 months old 3rd dose 4-6 years old 4th dose. […] Children who are delayed in getting all recommended doses should finish their series by following the recommended catch-up schedule. […] If you have never been vaccinated against polio you should get 3 doses of IPV.

• #16 Poliomyelitis (Polio) | Disease Outbreak Control Division

  https://health.hawaii.gov/docd/disease_listing/poliomyelitis-polio/

  Poliomyelitis, or polio, is a crippling and potentially deadly infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. […] The best way to protect against polio is to get the polio vaccine, also called inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). […] All children should receive four doses of IPV at the following ages: 2 months, 4 months, 6 through 18 months, and 4 through 6 years. […] Children who will be traveling to a country where the risk of getting polio is greater should complete the polio vaccine series before leaving for their trip. […] Most adults do not need polio vaccine because they were already vaccinated as children and their risk of exposure to poliovirus in the U.S. is very small. […] But some adults are at higher risk and should consider polio vaccination: Travelers to a country where the risk of getting polio is greater, Persons who work in a laboratory and handle specimens that might contain polioviruses, Healthcare workers treating patients who could have polio or have close contact with a person who could be infected with poliovirus. […] Two doses of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) are 90% effective or more against polio; three doses are 99%-100% effective. […] It is not known how long people who received IPV will be immune to polio, but they are most likely protected for many years after a complete series of IPV.

• #17 Polio | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/polio

  Polio may not cause serious illness in most people, but sometimes it can kill people who get it, usually by paralyzing the muscles that help in breathing. Polio is still common in some parts of the world. So, although there hasn’t been a case of polio caused by naturally occurring virus in the United States since 1979, there is still a risk of the virus coming into this country. […] Protect your children by having them vaccinated when they are 2 months, 4 months and 6 – 18 months old, and again when they are about to enter kindergarten. State regulations require children attending childcare/preschool, and those in kindergarten through grade 12 to be vaccinated against polio. […] Most adults do not need polio vaccine because they were already vaccinated as children. But three groups of adults are at higher risk and should consider polio vaccination: People traveling to areas of the world where polio is occurring, Laboratory workers who might handle poliovirus, Healthcare workers treating patients who could have polio.

• #18 Practice Alert: ACIP Recommends IPV for Unvaccinated or Incompletely Vaccinated Adults | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2024/0400/editorial-inactivated-polio-vaccine.html

  Until recently, the CDC recommended routine polio vaccination in children and only in adults with increased risk of exposure to poliovirus. The following are new recommendations for adults (18 years and older), published in late 2023. Adults known or suspected to be unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated should receive a primary series of IPV. […] Vaccinated adults who are at risk of exposure can receive a booster dose of IPV. Only one lifetime booster is needed. […] A primary series of IPV for adults comprises two doses 4 to 8 weeks apart and a third dose 6 to 12 months after the second dose. […] Travelers to countries where polio is still endemic and laboratory and health care professionals who could be exposed to poliovirus are at increased risk and should consider a booster dose of IPV.

• #19 Practice Alert: ACIP Recommends IPV for Unvaccinated or Incompletely Vaccinated Adults | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2024/0400/editorial-inactivated-polio-vaccine.html

  Until recently, the CDC recommended routine polio vaccination in children and only in adults with increased risk of exposure to poliovirus. The following are new recommendations for adults (18 years and older), published in late 2023. Adults known or suspected to be unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated should receive a primary series of IPV. […] Vaccinated adults who are at risk of exposure can receive a booster dose of IPV. Only one lifetime booster is needed. […] A primary series of IPV for adults comprises two doses 4 to 8 weeks apart and a third dose 6 to 12 months after the second dose. […] Travelers to countries where polio is still endemic and laboratory and health care professionals who could be exposed to poliovirus are at increased risk and should consider a booster dose of IPV.

• #20 Controlling Spread of Poliomyelitis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/poliomyelitis-1

  Vaccination, including routine childhood vaccination, catch-up vaccination of adolescents, and targeted vaccination of high-risk adult groups, is the best preventive measure against polio. […] An all-IPV polio immunization schedule is now the recommended schedule. […] Routine vaccination of persons 18 years of age residing in the U.S. is not necessary. However, polio vaccination is indicated for the following groups: Laboratory workers who handle poliovirus; Healthcare workers caring for polio patients; Persons traveling to regions of the world where polio is endemic or epidemic. […] If travel to a polio-endemic or epidemic region is anticipated, please review the patients history of polio immunization. […] If the patient has received a complete primary series of 3 doses of polio vaccine, administer a booster dose of IPV. Remember, a single booster dose is all that is needed. […] Vaccinating an exposed individual who may be incubating poliovirus is not harmful. […] Immune globulin (IG) has been found to be of no value as postexposure prophylaxis and is not recommended.

• #21 Poliomyelitis (Polio) | Disease Outbreak Control Division

  https://health.hawaii.gov/docd/disease_listing/poliomyelitis-polio/

  Poliomyelitis, or polio, is a crippling and potentially deadly infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. […] The best way to protect against polio is to get the polio vaccine, also called inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). […] All children should receive four doses of IPV at the following ages: 2 months, 4 months, 6 through 18 months, and 4 through 6 years. […] Children who will be traveling to a country where the risk of getting polio is greater should complete the polio vaccine series before leaving for their trip. […] Most adults do not need polio vaccine because they were already vaccinated as children and their risk of exposure to poliovirus in the U.S. is very small. […] But some adults are at higher risk and should consider polio vaccination: Travelers to a country where the risk of getting polio is greater, Persons who work in a laboratory and handle specimens that might contain polioviruses, Healthcare workers treating patients who could have polio or have close contact with a person who could be infected with poliovirus. […] Two doses of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) are 90% effective or more against polio; three doses are 99%-100% effective. […] It is not known how long people who received IPV will be immune to polio, but they are most likely protected for many years after a complete series of IPV.

• #22 Polio: Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/children/what-is-polio

  If you have been fully vaccinated, you are very unlikely to get polio even if you come in contact with it. […] Polio spreads by person-to-person contact or by touching something that has the virus on it. Its also important to wash your hands often with soap and warm water. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer does not kill the poliovirus. […] If you are around someone with polio, try not to touch anything they have touched. Wash your hands if you do. Young children under 5 and anyone who is not vaccinated should avoid being near someone with polio. […] If you are traveling internationally to a place with polio outbreaks, use extra caution and be sure you and your family are fully vaccinated. […] You can prevent polio by getting vaccinated and washing your hands frequently.

• #23 Polio Vaccination | Polio | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/polio/vaccines/index.html

  If you are fully vaccinated but at increased risk of poliovirus exposure, you may receive 1 lifetime booster dose of IPV. […] People who will be traveling to a country where the risk of getting polio is greater should be vaccinated against polio well before leaving for their trip. […] Polio vaccination protects your child from: Getting polio, a potentially serious disease. […] Polio vaccination protects you child from: Developing lifelong paralysis from polio. […] As part of routine childhood immunization, all children in the United States should get IPV to protect against polio. […] Most adults have likely already been vaccinated against poliovirus during childhood. However, if you know or suspect that you are unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated you should receive polio vaccination. […] IPV protects against severe disease caused by poliovirus in almost everyone who has received all the recommended doses. […] Most health insurance plans cover the cost of vaccines. […] Your children may be able to get no-cost vaccines through the Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program.

• #24 Polio: Advice for travellers – Travel.gc.ca

  https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/travel-health-notices/508

  Temporary polio vaccine recommendations have been issued by the WHO for some polio-affected countries. […] Depending on the type of circulating poliovirus, these countries may require long-term travellers (visiting longer than 4 weeks) to show proof of polio vaccination when leaving the country. […] To meet this requirement, long-term travellers to polio-affected countries should receive the polio vaccine between 4 weeks and 12 months before their date of departure from the country. […] Make sure that the polio vaccination is documented on the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis. This is the only document accepted as proof of vaccination. […] Carry the certificate as proof of vaccination.

• #25 Polio: Advice for travellers – Travel.gc.ca

  https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/travel-health-notices/508

  Temporary polio vaccine recommendations have been issued by the WHO for some polio-affected countries. […] Depending on the type of circulating poliovirus, these countries may require long-term travellers (visiting longer than 4 weeks) to show proof of polio vaccination when leaving the country. […] To meet this requirement, long-term travellers to polio-affected countries should receive the polio vaccine between 4 weeks and 12 months before their date of departure from the country. […] Make sure that the polio vaccination is documented on the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis. This is the only document accepted as proof of vaccination. […] Carry the certificate as proof of vaccination.

• #26 Polio: Advice for travellers – Travel.gc.ca

  https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/travel-health-notices/508

  Temporary polio vaccine recommendations have been issued by the WHO for some polio-affected countries. […] Depending on the type of circulating poliovirus, these countries may require long-term travellers (visiting longer than 4 weeks) to show proof of polio vaccination when leaving the country. […] To meet this requirement, long-term travellers to polio-affected countries should receive the polio vaccine between 4 weeks and 12 months before their date of departure from the country. […] Make sure that the polio vaccination is documented on the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis. This is the only document accepted as proof of vaccination. […] Carry the certificate as proof of vaccination.

• #27 About Polio in the United States | Polio | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/polio/about/index.html

  If you know or suspect that you are unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated, you should receive polio vaccination. […] In addition to protecting yourself with the vaccine, practice good hand hygiene. Wash hands often with soap and water. Note that alcohol-based hand sanitizers do not kill poliovirus.

• #28 About Polio in the United States | Polio | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/polio/about/index.html

  If you know or suspect that you are unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated, you should receive polio vaccination. […] In addition to protecting yourself with the vaccine, practice good hand hygiene. Wash hands often with soap and water. Note that alcohol-based hand sanitizers do not kill poliovirus.

• #29 Polio: Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/children/what-is-polio

  If you have been fully vaccinated, you are very unlikely to get polio even if you come in contact with it. […] Polio spreads by person-to-person contact or by touching something that has the virus on it. Its also important to wash your hands often with soap and warm water. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer does not kill the poliovirus. […] If you are around someone with polio, try not to touch anything they have touched. Wash your hands if you do. Young children under 5 and anyone who is not vaccinated should avoid being near someone with polio. […] If you are traveling internationally to a place with polio outbreaks, use extra caution and be sure you and your family are fully vaccinated. […] You can prevent polio by getting vaccinated and washing your hands frequently.

• #30 Polio: Virus, Causes, Symptoms, Transmission & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15655-polio

  Vaccination is the best way to prevent polio. […] The best way to reduce your risk of polio is to get vaccinated against it. This usually happens in childhood. If you didnt get vaccinated as a child or dont know if you did, ask your healthcare provider about your options. […] Other ways to reduce your risk include: Washing your hands frequently, especially after going to the bathroom or changing diapers; Not going swimming if you have diarrhea, and not letting your kids go swimming if theyve recently had diarrhea; Drinking and cooking with bottled water if youre in an area without access to clean water. […] Childhood vaccination has eliminated polio in most parts of the world that means it no longer spreads in most areas. […] Polio can come back and start spreading again if people stop getting vaccinated.

• #31 Polio: Virus, Causes, Symptoms, Transmission & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15655-polio

  Vaccination is the best way to prevent polio. […] The best way to reduce your risk of polio is to get vaccinated against it. This usually happens in childhood. If you didnt get vaccinated as a child or dont know if you did, ask your healthcare provider about your options. […] Other ways to reduce your risk include: Washing your hands frequently, especially after going to the bathroom or changing diapers; Not going swimming if you have diarrhea, and not letting your kids go swimming if theyve recently had diarrhea; Drinking and cooking with bottled water if youre in an area without access to clean water. […] Childhood vaccination has eliminated polio in most parts of the world that means it no longer spreads in most areas. […] Polio can come back and start spreading again if people stop getting vaccinated.

• #32 Poliomyelitis

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/poliomyelitis

  Poliomyelitis, also known as polio or infantile paralysis, is an infectious viral disease that mainly affects children. Large-scale vaccination programmes have succeeded in eliminating wild polio from most areas of the world, and efforts are ongoing to stop the polio transmission that still occurs in a few remaining countries. […] Vaccination is the best way to prevent polio. In 1988, a resolution was passed by the World Health Assembly to eradicate polio. […] Polio vaccination with IPV is part of the routine childhood immunisation programmes in the EU Member States. The IPV vaccine can be administered alone or in combination with other vaccines (e.g. diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b). […] The most effective way to prevent the disease is through vaccination. Although transmission can be reduced through the provision of safe water, improved hygiene practices and improved sanitation.

• #33 Partners in Eradicating polio timeline | Rotary International

  https://www.rotary.org/en/partners-eradicating-polio-timeline

  Rotary has been working to eradicate polio for more than 30 years. Since 1979, we have vaccinated more than 2.5 billion children. […] Rotary introduces PolioPlus the first effort to immunize every child in the world with polio vaccine and aims to raise $120 million. […] Rotary pushes forward the global resolution to eradicate polio at the 1988 World Health Assembly in Geneva. It also spearheads the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative with the World Health Organization, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and UNICEF. […] Rotary launches the Polio Eradication Fundraising Campaign with a fundraising target of $80 million. […] The Gates Foundation announces its first major grant to polio eradication a $100 million challenge to Rotary, promising to match funds raised by Rotarians.

• #34 Polio eradication – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio_eradication

  The most important step in eradication of polio is interruption of endemic transmission of poliovirus. Stopping polio transmission has been pursued through a combination of routine immunization, supplementary immunization campaigns, and surveillance of possible outbreaks. Several key strategies have been outlined for stopping polio transmission: High infant immunization coverage with four doses of oral polio vaccine (OPV) in the first year of life in developing and endemic countries, and routine immunization with OPV or IPV elsewhere. […] There are two distinct types of polio vaccine. Oral polio vaccine (OPV, or Sabin vaccine) contains attenuated poliovirus. OPV is delivered as oral drops or infused into sugar cubes. It is highly effective and inexpensive (about US$0.15 to 0.20 per dose in 2024) and its availability has bolstered efforts to eradicate polio. The vaccine confers long-term, possibly lifelong, immunity to the virus. Because of its route of administration, it induces an immunization of the intestinal mucosa that protects against subsequent infection, though multiple doses are necessary to achieve effective prophylaxis.

• #35 Polio eradication – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio_eradication

  The most important step in eradication of polio is interruption of endemic transmission of poliovirus. Stopping polio transmission has been pursued through a combination of routine immunization, supplementary immunization campaigns, and surveillance of possible outbreaks. Several key strategies have been outlined for stopping polio transmission: High infant immunization coverage with four doses of oral polio vaccine (OPV) in the first year of life in developing and endemic countries, and routine immunization with OPV or IPV elsewhere. […] There are two distinct types of polio vaccine. Oral polio vaccine (OPV, or Sabin vaccine) contains attenuated poliovirus. OPV is delivered as oral drops or infused into sugar cubes. It is highly effective and inexpensive (about US$0.15 to 0.20 per dose in 2024) and its availability has bolstered efforts to eradicate polio. The vaccine confers long-term, possibly lifelong, immunity to the virus. Because of its route of administration, it induces an immunization of the intestinal mucosa that protects against subsequent infection, though multiple doses are necessary to achieve effective prophylaxis.

• #36 Poliomyelitis | The Australian Immunisation Handbook

  https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccine-preventable-diseases/poliomyelitis

  Vaccination for certain groups of people is funded under the National Immunisation Program. […] Inactivated poliovirus (IPV) vaccine or IPV-containing vaccine is recommended for: routine vaccination of infants and children, routine booster vaccination in adults at higher risk of exposure to polio, such as healthcare workers and laboratory workers who may have contact with polio cases or poliovirus, and travellers to areas or countries where polio is epidemic or endemic. […] IPV-containing vaccine is recommended for children at 2, 4 and 6 months and 4 years of age. Vaccination is recommended every 10 years for adults at higher risk of exposure to polio. […] The Western Pacific region, including Australia, was declared polio-free in 2000. However, wild poliovirus from endemic countries can still be imported, and vaccination must continue until polio is eradicated around the world.

• #37 Polio

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/polio/

  You should also get vaccinated even if you’ve had polio before as it protects against different types of polio. […] From May 2023, children aged 1 to 11 in London who are not up to date with their routine vaccinations are being offered polio and MMR vaccinations through GP surgeries, primary schools and community clinics. […] In addition to the routine polio vaccines, you may need a polio booster vaccination before you travel. […] Polio was eradicated in Europe in 2003. […] Your chance of getting polio in the UK is extremely low. This is because most people are fully vaccinated.

• #38 Poliomyelitis | The Australian Immunisation Handbook

  https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccine-preventable-diseases/poliomyelitis

  Vaccination for certain groups of people is funded under the National Immunisation Program. […] Inactivated poliovirus (IPV) vaccine or IPV-containing vaccine is recommended for: routine vaccination of infants and children, routine booster vaccination in adults at higher risk of exposure to polio, such as healthcare workers and laboratory workers who may have contact with polio cases or poliovirus, and travellers to areas or countries where polio is epidemic or endemic. […] IPV-containing vaccine is recommended for children at 2, 4 and 6 months and 4 years of age. Vaccination is recommended every 10 years for adults at higher risk of exposure to polio. […] The Western Pacific region, including Australia, was declared polio-free in 2000. However, wild poliovirus from endemic countries can still be imported, and vaccination must continue until polio is eradicated around the world.

• #39 Polio: Prevention and risks – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/poliomyelitis-polio/prevention.html

  Polio is highly contagious and can spread easily from person to person. […] Vaccination is the best way to protect ourselves and prevent the spread of polio. […] In Canada, the polio vaccine is typically given as a combination vaccine as part of routine immunization. […] Polio infections are more common in children under the age of 5. However, any person who isn’t immune to poliovirus, can become infected, no matter their age. […] You can get polio if you travel to a country that has spread of polioviruses.

• #40 Infectious disease – Polio Vaccine, Prevention, Eradication | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/infectious-disease/Polio-vaccine

  Live trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is used for routine mass immunization but is not recommended for patients with altered states of immunity (for example, those with cancer or an immune deficiency disease or those receiving immunosuppressive therapy) or for children whose siblings are known to have an immune deficiency disease. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is used for immunodeficient or immunosuppressed patients and for the primary immunization of adults because of their greater susceptibility to paralytic disease. In 2000, as polio eradication appeared imminent, the United States switched from OPV to IPV as a routine recommended infant vaccine.

• #41 Infectious disease – Polio Vaccine, Prevention, Eradication | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/infectious-disease/Polio-vaccine

  Live trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is used for routine mass immunization but is not recommended for patients with altered states of immunity (for example, those with cancer or an immune deficiency disease or those receiving immunosuppressive therapy) or for children whose siblings are known to have an immune deficiency disease. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is used for immunodeficient or immunosuppressed patients and for the primary immunization of adults because of their greater susceptibility to paralytic disease. In 2000, as polio eradication appeared imminent, the United States switched from OPV to IPV as a routine recommended infant vaccine.

• #42 Controlling Spread of Poliomyelitis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/poliomyelitis-1

  Vaccination, including routine childhood vaccination, catch-up vaccination of adolescents, and targeted vaccination of high-risk adult groups, is the best preventive measure against polio. […] An all-IPV polio immunization schedule is now the recommended schedule. […] Routine vaccination of persons 18 years of age residing in the U.S. is not necessary. However, polio vaccination is indicated for the following groups: Laboratory workers who handle poliovirus; Healthcare workers caring for polio patients; Persons traveling to regions of the world where polio is endemic or epidemic. […] If travel to a polio-endemic or epidemic region is anticipated, please review the patients history of polio immunization. […] If the patient has received a complete primary series of 3 doses of polio vaccine, administer a booster dose of IPV. Remember, a single booster dose is all that is needed. […] Vaccinating an exposed individual who may be incubating poliovirus is not harmful. […] Immune globulin (IG) has been found to be of no value as postexposure prophylaxis and is not recommended.

• #43 Controlling Spread of Poliomyelitis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/poliomyelitis-1

  Vaccination, including routine childhood vaccination, catch-up vaccination of adolescents, and targeted vaccination of high-risk adult groups, is the best preventive measure against polio. […] An all-IPV polio immunization schedule is now the recommended schedule. […] Routine vaccination of persons 18 years of age residing in the U.S. is not necessary. However, polio vaccination is indicated for the following groups: Laboratory workers who handle poliovirus; Healthcare workers caring for polio patients; Persons traveling to regions of the world where polio is endemic or epidemic. […] If travel to a polio-endemic or epidemic region is anticipated, please review the patients history of polio immunization. […] If the patient has received a complete primary series of 3 doses of polio vaccine, administer a booster dose of IPV. Remember, a single booster dose is all that is needed. […] Vaccinating an exposed individual who may be incubating poliovirus is not harmful. […] Immune globulin (IG) has been found to be of no value as postexposure prophylaxis and is not recommended.

• #44 Controlling Spread of Poliomyelitis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/poliomyelitis-1

  Vaccination, including routine childhood vaccination, catch-up vaccination of adolescents, and targeted vaccination of high-risk adult groups, is the best preventive measure against polio. […] An all-IPV polio immunization schedule is now the recommended schedule. […] Routine vaccination of persons 18 years of age residing in the U.S. is not necessary. However, polio vaccination is indicated for the following groups: Laboratory workers who handle poliovirus; Healthcare workers caring for polio patients; Persons traveling to regions of the world where polio is endemic or epidemic. […] If travel to a polio-endemic or epidemic region is anticipated, please review the patients history of polio immunization. […] If the patient has received a complete primary series of 3 doses of polio vaccine, administer a booster dose of IPV. Remember, a single booster dose is all that is needed. […] Vaccinating an exposed individual who may be incubating poliovirus is not harmful. […] Immune globulin (IG) has been found to be of no value as postexposure prophylaxis and is not recommended.

• #45 Poliomyelitis

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/poliomyelitis

  Poliomyelitis, also known as polio or infantile paralysis, is an infectious viral disease that mainly affects children. Large-scale vaccination programmes have succeeded in eliminating wild polio from most areas of the world, and efforts are ongoing to stop the polio transmission that still occurs in a few remaining countries. […] Vaccination is the best way to prevent polio. In 1988, a resolution was passed by the World Health Assembly to eradicate polio. […] Polio vaccination with IPV is part of the routine childhood immunisation programmes in the EU Member States. The IPV vaccine can be administered alone or in combination with other vaccines (e.g. diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b). […] The most effective way to prevent the disease is through vaccination. Although transmission can be reduced through the provision of safe water, improved hygiene practices and improved sanitation.

• #46 Polio | Health.mil

  https://www.health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Health-Readiness/Immunization-Healthcare/Vaccine-Preventable-Diseases/Polio

  Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a highly infectious viral disease, which mainly affects young children. Poliovirus is spread person-to-person via fecal-oral route, and less frequently, via oral-oral route. […] There is no cure for polio. Treatment is symptomatic. Polio can only be prevented by immunization. There are two types of vaccine that can prevent polio: inactivated poliovirus vaccine and oral poliovirus vaccine. Since 2000, in the United States, only Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated, trade name, IPOL has been available. […] IPV is indicated for active immunization of infants, children, and adults for the prevention of poliomyelitis caused by poliovirus serotypes P1, P2, and P3. A primary series of IPV consists of three doses with routine administration recommendations at ages 2 months, 4 months, and 6-18 months. A booster dose is recommended between 4-6 years of age. […] There are five combination pediatric vaccines that contain inactivated polio vaccine available in the United States KINRIX, PEDIARIX, Pentacel, Quadracel and Vaxelis.

• #47 Polio Vaccination | Polio | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/polio/vaccines/index.html

  If you are fully vaccinated but at increased risk of poliovirus exposure, you may receive 1 lifetime booster dose of IPV. […] People who will be traveling to a country where the risk of getting polio is greater should be vaccinated against polio well before leaving for their trip. […] Polio vaccination protects your child from: Getting polio, a potentially serious disease. […] Polio vaccination protects you child from: Developing lifelong paralysis from polio. […] As part of routine childhood immunization, all children in the United States should get IPV to protect against polio. […] Most adults have likely already been vaccinated against poliovirus during childhood. However, if you know or suspect that you are unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated you should receive polio vaccination. […] IPV protects against severe disease caused by poliovirus in almost everyone who has received all the recommended doses. […] Most health insurance plans cover the cost of vaccines. […] Your children may be able to get no-cost vaccines through the Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program.

• #48 Polio Vaccination | Polio | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/polio/vaccines/index.html

  If you are fully vaccinated but at increased risk of poliovirus exposure, you may receive 1 lifetime booster dose of IPV. […] People who will be traveling to a country where the risk of getting polio is greater should be vaccinated against polio well before leaving for their trip. […] Polio vaccination protects your child from: Getting polio, a potentially serious disease. […] Polio vaccination protects you child from: Developing lifelong paralysis from polio. […] As part of routine childhood immunization, all children in the United States should get IPV to protect against polio. […] Most adults have likely already been vaccinated against poliovirus during childhood. However, if you know or suspect that you are unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated you should receive polio vaccination. […] IPV protects against severe disease caused by poliovirus in almost everyone who has received all the recommended doses. […] Most health insurance plans cover the cost of vaccines. […] Your children may be able to get no-cost vaccines through the Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program.

• #49 Preventing Polio | Smithsonian InstitutionSearch

  https://www.si.edu/spotlight/antibody-initiative/polio

  In 1938, Roosevelt pushed Americans to find a cure for polio by founding the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. Known as the March of Dimes, the organization used canisters such as this one modeled on an iron lung to solicit funds for the development of a vaccine. […] Researchers had isolated the poliovirus in 1908. During the first half of the 20th century, they pursued two different kinds of vaccine: one used an inactivated (killed) virus; the other a live but attenuated (weakened) virus. […] Even as Salk’s vaccine was being tested, Albert Sabin was developing a vaccine with an attenuated virus. Sabin argued that his vaccine, unlike Salk’s, would provide long-term immunity. Sabin’s vaccine also had the benefit of conferring „herd immunity.” […] Over the last fifty years, vaccination has eliminated polio in the United States and many other countries. However, because the presence of the disease anywhere puts Americans and others at risk, public health officials are currently working to eradicate polio across the world. Today, just as in the 1940s and 1950s, pins and other promotional materials remind people everywhere of the importance of vaccination in wiping out polio—forever.

• #50 DOH, WHO, and UNICEF resume polio campaign

  https://www.unicef.org/philippines/press-releases/doh-who-and-unicef-resume-polio-campaign

  “Unlike COVID-19, we already have a vaccine against polio that it is safe, effective and free at health centers. The COVID-19 pandemic reminds us of the importance of vaccines to prevent diseases. Like wearing masks and physical distancing, each effort we make to vaccinate one child has the potential to protect all children from polio,” said Oyunsaikhan Dendevnorov, UNICEF Philippines Representative. […] For the polio response, UNICEF helped the government procure supplies such as vaccines, freezers, ice packs, and vaccine carriers; develop and disseminated communication materials; enjoined civil society, religious leaders and other influencers to spread messages about polio prevention; trained health workers and other frontline workers on interpersonal communication and social mobilization; conducted planning and assessments, and gave assistance for proper vaccine disposal. […] WHO, on the other hand, continues to provide technical advice in intensifying polio surveillance, planning for and monitoring of immunization campaigns, infection prevention and control measures, and risk communication.

• #51 Poliomyelitis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/poliomyelitis

  Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious disease caused by a virus (the poliovirus), which invades the nervous system and can lead to irreversible paralysis in just a few hours. […] The disease has been preventable since the 1960s thanks to effective vaccines. […] The strategy for stopping the spread of the wild poliovirus is based, firstly, on the introduction of routine vaccination coverage for all infants. […] Moreover, in countries where there is the greatest risk of the disease, additional doses of the OPV are administered to all children aged under 5 during National Immunization Days. […] As polioviruses are mainly spread by the fecal-oral route, key preventive measures focus on improved hygiene. Since there is no treatment for the disease, vaccination is the only possible preventive medical action. The disease has been preventable since the 1960s thanks to effective vaccines.

• #52 Poliomyelitis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/poliomyelitis

  Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious disease caused by a virus (the poliovirus), which invades the nervous system and can lead to irreversible paralysis in just a few hours. […] The disease has been preventable since the 1960s thanks to effective vaccines. […] The strategy for stopping the spread of the wild poliovirus is based, firstly, on the introduction of routine vaccination coverage for all infants. […] Moreover, in countries where there is the greatest risk of the disease, additional doses of the OPV are administered to all children aged under 5 during National Immunization Days. […] As polioviruses are mainly spread by the fecal-oral route, key preventive measures focus on improved hygiene. Since there is no treatment for the disease, vaccination is the only possible preventive medical action. The disease has been preventable since the 1960s thanks to effective vaccines.

• #53 Polio: Virus, Causes, Symptoms, Transmission & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15655-polio

  Vaccination is the best way to prevent polio. […] The best way to reduce your risk of polio is to get vaccinated against it. This usually happens in childhood. If you didnt get vaccinated as a child or dont know if you did, ask your healthcare provider about your options. […] Other ways to reduce your risk include: Washing your hands frequently, especially after going to the bathroom or changing diapers; Not going swimming if you have diarrhea, and not letting your kids go swimming if theyve recently had diarrhea; Drinking and cooking with bottled water if youre in an area without access to clean water. […] Childhood vaccination has eliminated polio in most parts of the world that means it no longer spreads in most areas. […] Polio can come back and start spreading again if people stop getting vaccinated.

• #54 Polio: Symptoms, treatments, and vaccines

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/155580

  Polio, also known as poliomyelitis and infantile paralysis, is a highly contagious viral infection that can lead to paralysis, breathing problems, or even death. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) aim is to eradicate polio completely and, if this happens, it will be only the third disease to have been beaten in this way, after smallpox and rinderpest. […] Vaccines are the main way to prevent polio. […] However, other methods of limiting the spread of this potentially fatal disease include: avoiding food or beverages that may have been contaminated by a person with poliovirus, checking with a medical professional that your vaccinations are current, being sure to receive any required booster doses of the vaccine, washing your hands frequently, using hand sanitizer when soap is not available, making sure you only touch the eyes, nose, or mouth with clean hands, covering the mouth while sneezing or coughing, avoiding close contact with people who are sick, including kissing, hugging, and sharing utensils. […] Be sure to receive a vaccination before traveling to an area that is prone to polio breakouts.

• #55

• #56 Polio Vaccinations Provide Safe, Effective Protection | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health

  https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2025/polio-vaccinations-provide-safe-effective-protection

  Both oral and injected poliovirus vaccines are safe and effective at protecting against polio. […] That 1955 vaccine—the inactivated polio vaccine, or IPV—is the only polio vaccine used in the U.S. today. Over the past seven decades, it has proven incredibly safe and effective. […] Because of this risk, in 2000 the U.S. switched from the OPV to the IPV. The IPV cannot cause paralytic disease because it uses a killed virus that cannot mutate. […] The IPV that’s used in this country is a very, very safe and effective vaccine. It can prevent us from going back to those days where parents have to fear that their healthy child could be paralyzed the next day. To have even a single case of a child paralyzed by polio in the United States would be enormously tragic—and completely preventable.

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