Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Polio: Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/children/what-is-polio

  There’s no cure for polio. If you have it, your doctor will focus on making sure that you’re comfortable and try to prevent other health issues. Some treatments include: […] Treating it early with physical therapy can help if you have leg or arm weakness. In severe cases, you might need aids like leg braces, crutches, or a wheelchair. A ventilator may be needed if you have trouble breathing.

• #1 About Polio in the United States | Polio | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/polio/about/index.html

  There is no cure for paralytic polio and no specific treatment. […] Physical or occupational therapy can help with arm or leg weakness caused by polio. Therapy might also improve long-term outcomes, especially if implemented early in the course of illness. […] Healthcare providers should consider consulting neurology and infectious disease experts to: Discuss possible treatments. Recommend certain interventions on a case-by-case basis.

• #1 Polio Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/polio.html

  No drug can kill the virus once an infection has begun. Treatment is directed at controlling the symptoms of the disease. People with minor poliomyelitis are treated with bed rest and over-the-counter medicines to control fever and muscle aches. […] People with major poliomyelitis may require additional treatments, including: […] Physical therapy – Therapy helps to minimize damage to paralyzed muscles and to help people regain mobility as the acute illness resolves. Treatment for paralysis depends on which muscles are affected. […] Measures to prevent urinary tract infections – If the bladder muscles do not contract normally, the bladder may not empty completely. This can lead to urinary infections. Using catheters intermittently to empty the bladder may be necessary. […] Mechanical breathing support – When polio weakens the chest muscles so much that they cannot move the lungs (cannot breathe), people can be kept alive by placing a tube into their windpipe (the trachea). This tube is placed through an opening in the neck, called a tracheostomy. Breathing is performed by a machine called a ventilator that moves air in and out of the lungs. A catheter attached to a suction motor can remove excessive mucus through the tracheostomy tube. People who need artificial respiration long-term must live in a facility that is staffed by nurses and therapists who are skilled in respiratory care.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Treatment-of-Polio.aspx

  Polio infection of its non-paralytic and paralytic varieties usually does not have a cure. Management usually involves control of symptoms while the infection runs its usual course. […] Treatment outline of polio involves: Symptoms of fever, headache, back, and neck and muscle pain are relieved by using pain relievers and muscle relaxant medications. Usually NSAIDs like Ibuprofen, Diclofenac and Acetaminofen are preferred. […] Patients who have difficulty breathing or have paralysis of respiratory muscles may need breathing support using artificial support like ventilators. […] Drugs like Bethanechol are prescribed to relieve urinary retention. Some patients may need placement of a urinary catheter to relieve the urine. […] There may be complications like pneumonia due to paralysis. This requires appropriate management with antibiotics.

• #1 Polio – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polio/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376517

  Because no cure for polio exists, the focus is on increasing comfort, speeding recovery and preventing complications. Depending on the severity of disease, supportive treatments may include: […] Physical therapy exercises to prevent bone deformity and loss of muscle function. […] Portable ventilators to help with breathing. […] Pain relievers. […] Hot moist packs to control muscle pain and spasms. […] Bed rest. […] Splints or other devices to encourage good position, or alignment, of the spine and limbs.

• #1 Polio – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio

  There is no cure for polio, but there are treatments. The focus of modern treatment has been on providing relief of symptoms, speeding recovery and preventing complications. Supportive measures include antibiotics to prevent infections in weakened muscles, analgesics for pain, moderate exercise and a nutritious diet. Treatment of polio often requires long-term rehabilitation, including occupational therapy, physical therapy, braces, corrective shoes and, in some cases, orthopedic surgery. […] Portable ventilators may be required to support breathing. Historically, a noninvasive, negative-pressure ventilator, more commonly called an iron lung, was used to artificially maintain respiration during an acute polio infection until a person could breathe independently (generally about one to two weeks). The use of iron lungs is largely obsolete in modern medicine as more modern breathing therapies have been developed and due to the eradication of polio in most of the world. […] Other historical treatments for polio include hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, massage and passive motion exercises, and surgical treatments, such as tendon lengthening and nerve grafting.

• #1 Acute Poliomyelitis Treatment & Management: Rehabilitation Program, Medical Issues/Complications, Surgical Intervention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/306440-treatment

  Physical therapy plays an important role in rehabilitation for patients with poliomyelitis. Patients with muscle paralysis benefit from frequent passive range of motion (PROM) and splinting of joints to prevent contracture and joint ankylosis. Chest physical therapy (CPT) helps patients with bulbar involvement prevent any pulmonary complications, such as atelectasis. Frequent repositioning of paralyzed patients helps to prevent bedsores. […] Patients with paralysis of the extremities may benefit from hand or arm splints, knee or trochanter rolls, a footboard, or Multi-Podus boots to prevent foot drop, ulcers, and other deformities. Hot packs also are helpful to relieve the muscle pain. […] Patients with cranial nerve involvement may develop swallowing dysfunction. To protect the airway and prevent aspiration pneumonia, a speech therapist needs to be involved early to perform an evaluation of the safety of swallowing. Decisions on the appropriate consistency of oral foods and use of various strategies/techniques greatly reduce the risk of aspiration. Periodic follow up of patient status can be performed with serial video swallow testing.

• #1 Poliovirus infection – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/902

  Poliovirus infection is usually asymptomatic. When symptomatic, the most common presentation is a minor gastrointestinal illness. […] There is no cure for poliovirus infection or post-poliomyelitis syndrome, and treatment is mainly supportive. […] Early physiotherapy is key to maximising and restoring limb function in paralytic poliomyelitis and in post-poliomyelitis syndrome.

• #1 Polio and Its Role in Shaping American Physical Therapy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8229940/

  When polio epidemics first appeared in the United States in the 1890s, paralyzing children in Vermont and then across the rest of New England, Boston orthopedic surgeon Robert Lovett and physical therapists Wilhemine Wright and Janet Merrill developed therapies based on the concept of rest and the enforced straightening of limbs. […] By the 1920s, polio began to play a defining role in professionalizing physical therapy. […] Convinced that patients with polio were harmed by „frequent, improper handling” and „overtreatment,” the Kendalls used conservative therapies: protecting muscles with frames, casts, splints and very mild exercises, based on the fear that inappropriately stretched muscles would cause further deformity in a patient struggling to regain muscle function. […] Growing numbers of polio epidemics made pediatric patients rather than wounded soldiers the focus of physical therapy work, and physical therapy came to be recognized as a crucial element in recovery from polio paralysis.

• #1 Polio Prepared: Treatment before Vaccines – Dittrick Medical History Center

  https://artsci.case.edu/dittrick/2015/12/02/polio-prepared-treatment-before-vaccines/

  Polio. Once one of the most feared of diseases, today it seems part of a past long gone and even forgotten. […] In todays post, we examine not the cure, but the treatmentnot the vaccine, but the innovative means, developed in desperation, for treating the victims of polio. […] Dr. John Toomey, physician and professor at Western Reserve University Medical School, was the first to recommend physical therapy for polio sufferers, including massage. […] Use of physical therapy, of stretching, bracing, practiced movement, ultimately aided in rehabilitating many patientsincluding Donna, whose leg brace was donated to the Dittrick Museum. […] However, great things have come from such innovations. The iron lung paved the way for later respirator technology; the leg brace and therapy not only revolutionized care of individuals by strengthening muscles, it also engaged nurses in responsive care, giving them essential roles.

• #1 Polio and Its Role in Shaping American Physical Therapy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8229940/

  Polio therapy was forcefully transformed by Sister Elizabeth Kenny (1880-1952), an Australian nurse based in St Paul, Minnesota, who began to train nurses and physical therapists to practice her distinctive method of treatment. […] Her active form of therapy promised muscle strength and agility, body alignment, and a return to an active life. […] By 1943, the March of Dimes funded Kenny courses in Minnesota and also at other institutions such as Stanford, Northwestern, New York University, and Warm Springs. […] For the first time since the work of rehabilitation aides during World War I, physical therapy was news. […] Although it was shocking to be told by a nurse that standard rehabilitative methods were harmful, Kenny’s work offered physical therapists exciting opportunities for clinical action; it seemed fresh and modern, an attack on medical orthodoxy in a safe way.

• #1 Update on current and emerging treatment options for post-polio syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2909497/

  A shift from metal braces to lightweight carbon orthoses can increase walking ability in polio patients with new weakness. […] The findings of inflammatory markers in the serum and CSF from PPS patients have raised the questions of the degree to which inflammation is a part of the pathophysiology and if there could be a benefit from anti-inflammatory treatment. […] IVIG is considered to have a more favorable side effect profile than long-term corticosteroids. […] These studies give a promising indication that IVIG probably is a treatment option to some patients with PPS, but it is not clear which patients would benefit from this therapy. […] The primary treatment of PPS today is based on non-pharmacologic intervention, including individually tailored training programs and lifestyle modification.

• #1 Post-Polio Syndrome: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24584-post-polio-syndrome

  Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that can affect people several years after an initial polio infection. It causes gradual muscle weakness and atrophy. Theres no cure, so treatment focuses on managing symptoms. […] Theres currently no specific treatment for post-polio syndrome (PPS). Instead, healthcare providers focus on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. […] Specific strategies that can help manage PPS symptoms include: Non-fatiguing exercises: Exercises that dont cause pain or fatigue may improve muscle strength and reduce overall fatigue. Cardiorespiratory endurance training: Cardiorespiratory endurance is the level at which your heart, lungs and muscles work together when exercising for a prolonged time. You should talk to your provider before trying this type of training. Mobility aids: Devices such as canes, walkers and scooters can help with mobility and help avoid rapid muscle tiring and exhaustion. Occupational therapy: An occupational therapist can help you make adjustments in your home so you can perform daily tasks more easily. Speech therapy: If PPS has made swallowing difficult, a speech therapist can help. Lifestyle changes: Your provider will likely recommend eating a healthy diet, managing your weight, getting quality sleep and not smoking to help manage your symptoms and stay healthy. […] At this time, theres no cure for post-polio syndrome.

• #1 Update on current and emerging treatment options for post-polio syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2909497/

  The management of PPS is still based on rehabilitation schemes including lifestyle changes, physiotherapy, training programs, and avoidance of secondary complications. […] An important advance occurred when it was documented that nonfatiguing exercises improved muscle strength and prohibited further decline of PPS without any obvious harmful effects. […] Training in warm water reduces the stress on joints and muscles, and warm water may have an analgesic effect. […] Early introduction of noninvasive respiratory aids such as intermittent positive pressure ventilation or biphasic positive pressure ventilators via a mouthpiece or nasal application can stabilize the situation and prevent complications like chest infections, further respiratory decline, and invasive ventilatory aid (with tracheostoma).

• #1 Polio: Vaccine, Symptoms, Causes, Types & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/polio/article_em.htm

  What Is the Medical Treatment for Polio? There is no treatment that will cure polio once the virus has infected the patient. The key to treatment is early diagnosis and supportive treatments such as bed rest, pain control, good nutrition, and especially physical therapy to prevent deformities from occurring over time and prevention of muscle function loss. Some patients will need extensive support such as breathing assistance and special diets if they cannot swallow or have difficulty swallowing; others may require splints to avoid pain, muscle spasms, and limb deformities. […] Is Surgery a Treatment for Polio? There is an extensive body of literature that describes the various surgical techniques that have been used to treat polio patients. Most polio patients who undergo surgery have either not had treatment or failed medical treatments and are often in the residual or post-polio syndrome stage (see prognosis section below). Such a discussion is too lengthy to present in this article, but the surgical topics listed below can give readers insight into the long-term complications that may result from paralytic polio and why vaccination that prevents the disease is so important: Contracture release surgery, Muscle transplantation, Joint stabilization, joint fusion, and joint replacement surgery, Limb lengthening, Foot correction surgery.

• #1 Acute Poliomyelitis Treatment & Management: Rehabilitation Program, Medical Issues/Complications, Surgical Intervention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/306440-treatment

  In severe cases of contracture from limb immobilization, the patient may benefit from orthopedic surgery to release the contracture and restore limb function. […] No specific treatment exists for acute poliomyelitis except supportive care, which may help to ensure survival, modify the disability, and improve the outcome.

• #1 Poliomyelitis and post-polio syndrome – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/poliomyelitis-and-post-polio-syndrome

  Poliomyelitis and post-polio syndrome […] Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition characterized by new or progressive muscle weakness that develops in the decades following a poliomyelitis infection. PPS occurs in up to one-half of patients with prior poliomyelitis infection. […] The clinical features, diagnosis, and management of both poliomyelitis and PPS are reviewed here. […] Management […] Symptomatic care […] Bone health […] Anesthetic considerations […] No role for IVIG.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/post-polio-syndrome/treatment/

  There’s currently no cure for post-polio syndrome (PPS), so treatment focuses on helping you manage your symptoms and improving your quality of life. […] People with the condition are often treated by a team of different healthcare professionals working together. This is known as a multidisciplinary team (MDT). […] To overcome this problem, „pacing” techniques may be recommended. This involves planning and prioritising tasks, finding alternative ways of doing exhausting tasks and getting help from others when you need it, taking regular breaks and having rest periods during the day, and doing regular gentle exercise this should be built up gradually and stopped before you become exhausted or experience pain. […] While pain and fatigue can often be reduced using pacing, various medications to help relieve pain are available if you need them. These include over-the-counter painkillers such as aspirin, paracetamol or ibuprofen, and stronger NSAIDs and opiates.

• #1 Update on current and emerging treatment options for post-polio syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2909497/

  Post-polio syndrome (PPS) refers to the clinical deterioration experienced by many polio survivors several decades after their acute illness. […] The basic principle of management of PPS lies in physical activity, individually tailored training programs, and lifestyle modification. Muscle weakness and muscle pain may be helped with specific training programs, in which training in warm water seems to be particularly helpful. […] Fatigue can be relieved with lifestyle changes, assistive devices, and training programs. […] Pharmacologic agents like prednisone, amantadine, pyridostigmine, and coenzyme Q10 are of no benefit in PPS. […] Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been tried in three studies, all having positive results. IVIG could probably be a therapeutic alternative, but the potential benefit is modest, and some important questions are still unanswered, in particular to which patients this treatment is useful, the dose, and the therapeutic interval.

• #1 Post-polio syndrome – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-polio-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355674

  There’s no one treatment for the various signs and symptoms of post-polio syndrome. The goal of treatment is to manage your symptoms and help make you as comfortable and independent as possible. Here are some treatment options that may help manage your post-polio syndrome symptoms: […] Physical therapy. Your doctor or therapist may prescribe exercises for you that strengthen your muscles without fatiguing them. These usually include less strenuous activities, such as swimming or water aerobics, that you perform every other day at a relaxed pace. […] Medications. Pain relievers such as aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) might ease muscle and joint pain. […] Other possible treatment options may include the anticonvulsant drug gabapentin (Neurontin, Gralise), which is often used to treat nerve pain. Chronic opioid pain medications generally shouldn’t be used due to their long-term risks. You and your doctor should discuss the right treatment plan for you to manage your pain and symptoms.

• #1 Post-polio immune therapy does well in human trials

  https://newatlas.com/disease/clinical-trials-post-polio-syndrome/

  Recent human trials of a new one-year-long immune-based treatment for post-polio syndrome, which can strike polio survivors years after the initial infection and be very debilitating, have produced positive results. […] While there’s currently no treatment other than symptom management, a recent clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of a novel treatment for PPS has produced positive results. […] This study is great news since it proves that the ongoing decline in physical functioning due to post-polio syndrome, which was so far considered inevitable, can be halted, and even be improved. […] Grifols, a global healthcare company and leading producer of plasma-based medicines, developed the novel intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment called Flebogamma 5% DIF. […] People who received Flebogamma 5% DIF injections once a month for 12 months walked an average of 12.75 m (41.8 ft) farther compared to how far they could walk before treatment. […] The treatment was found to be safe and well-tolerated. […] These results show a meaningful physical accomplishment, providing patients with more freedom of movement and the ability to be more self-reliant.

• #1 Post-Polio Clinics – Post Polio

  https://post-polio.org/living_with_polio/post-polio-clinics/

  To establish a post-polio clinic, a need has to be perceived for such a clinic. This need may be generated by the medical community, but more likely the catalyst will come from the demands of the post-polio population, in particular, the support groups. A post-polio clinic can be organized if the appropriate expertise exists in the community. A good resource is a rehabilitation center which has a full complement of professionals able to meet the various aspects of the post-polio survivors’ special needs in a coordinated fashion. […] The multidisciplinary treatment team should also include a physical therapist, occupational therapist, speech therapist, recreational therapist, rehabilitation psychologist, rehabilitation social worker, rehabilitation nurse, a dietitian, orthotist (brace fabricator) and a vocational counselor. There should be access to specialists in pulmonary medicine, neurology and orthopedic surgery.

• #1 Polio Treatment – Spaulding Rehabilitation

  https://spauldingrehab.org/conditions-services/polio

  We are dedicated to providing all polio survivors locally, regionally, nationally or internationally with skilled and compassionate care to enhance your function and improve your quality of life. The International Rehabilitation Center for Polio (IRCP) at Spaulding Outpatient Center Framingham offers innovative research, treatment and personalized care for post-polio syndrome. […] The IRCP is set up to accommodate the needs of all polio survivors who are able to travel to our facility. We offer intensive appointments scheduled over several days in a row for people coming from out of town. […] Generally, during the first day of treatment you will receive a consultation with a physician and evaluations by the polio team’s occupational and physical therapist. […] To ensure an improved state of wellness, our team will work with you to: Educate you on preventing further disability from the initial polio and the late effects of polio, Evaluate new weakness, Improve functional mobility (e.g., walking, transfers, etc.), Reduce fatigue and pain, Develop an appropriate exercise program, Teach energy saving techniques, Assess the need for work and home modifications.

• #1 Post Polio Syndrome | Diagnosis & Treatment | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/post-polio-syndrome

  MedStar Health offers a comprehensive, initial evaluation by an interdisciplinary team designed to identify problems and to rule out other causes of new health problems. At the end of the evaluation, the team provides each patient with a written plan of treatment and individualized recommendations to help: […] The Post-Polio Program at MedStar Health offers comprehensive evaluation and treatment for persons who had polio many years ago and are now experiencing new health problems possibly related to their polio. […] Its goal is to help individuals become more effective in managing polio-related health problems through comprehensive evaluation, treatment, education, and follow-up. […] Each individual is treated according to his or her unique struggle to remain as independent as possible in the face of new health problems and progressive disability. People who are not experiencing new health problems but are interested in learning how to avoid or minimize late complications are also seen. Because of the comprehensive nature of the initial evaluation, new patients are typically seen over a one-and-a-half-day period.

• #1 (Complementary) Alternative Therapies | Post Polio: Polio Place

  https://www.polioplace.org/living-with-polio/complementary-alternative-therapies

  Alternative therapies, also called complementary, can support natural self-healing and encourage behaviors that promote a sense of overall well-being. […] People use alternative therapies because of their actual and perceived effectiveness, the widespread and erroneous belief that they are natural and do no harm, and because their use offers the opportunity for more control over treatment options and procedures. Alternative therapies can reduce stress, pain, and/or fatigue. Some therapies are covered by health insurance when offered by licensed health care providers. […] Nutritional therapies include special diets, dietary supplements, and herbal products. […] Exercise that involves gentle stretching and slow movement is often recommended for polio survivors. […] The relaxation response, a healthy state in which metabolism is slowed and muscle tension decreased, can be achieved in many ways: visualization and guided imagery; progressive muscular relaxation; and yoga, meditation, and prayer.

• #1 Antivirals – GPEI

  https://polioeradication.org/what-we-do/current-research-areas/antivirals/

  This area of research involves the development of antiviral treatments to minimize the risk to eradication posed by immune deficient poliovirus excretors, and protect the polio-free free world after eradication. […] There are three anticipated situations for the use of polio antiviral drugs: treatment of immunodeficient people who are excreting poliovirus; preventative treatment for people exposed to poliovirus, for example through unintentional laboratory exposure; use in communities exposed to circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks in the post-eradication era (likely in conjunction with inactivated polio vaccine). […] In 2006, the Poliovirus Antivirals Initiative was established. Its immediate goal was to determine if candidate antiviral drugs were safe and able to prevent, reduce or stop poliovirus shedding in immune deficient adults given the oral polio vaccine.

• #1 Antivirals – GPEI

  https://polioeradication.org/what-we-do/current-research-areas/antivirals/

  Multiple drug candidates were screened, including capsid inhibitors and protease inhibitors, and popocavir was identified as the lead candidate. Pocapavir has been tested in a clinical study with adults, confirming that treatment is safe and significantly accelerated virus clearance. However, emergence of resistance and virus transmission were seen in the context of a clinical isolation facility. Currently, the Poliovirus Antivirals Initiative is developing a combination pocapavir and another candidate (V-7404) working by a different mechanism protease inhibition in order to reduce the potential for the emergence of resistance.

• #1 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/science/comments/17em9wa/researchers_find_potential_poliovirus_treatment/

  Researchers find potential poliovirus treatment in a human monoclonal antibody, 9H2. It binds within the poliovirus receptor-binding site to neutralize all three serotypes, making it an attractive antiviral candidate for future development.

• #1 Poliovirus Therapy Shows Potential as Cancer Vaccine in Lab Studies | Duke Health

  https://corporate.dukehealth.org/news/poliovirus-therapy-shows-potential-cancer-vaccine-lab-studies

  A modified form of poliovirus, pioneered at Duke Cancer Institute as a therapy for glioblastoma brain tumors, appears in laboratory studies to also have applicability for pediatric brain tumors when used as part of a cancer vaccine. […] In preclinical studies using mice and human cancer cells, an injection of the modified poliovirus vector instigated an immune response that homed in on mutated cancer cells that predominate in diffuse midline glioma (DMG) tumors. […] Polioviruses have several advantages for generating antigen-specific CD8 T-cells as a potential cancer vaccine vector, said senior author Matthias Gromeier, M.D., a professor in the departments of Neurosurgery, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Medicine at Duke. […] Gromeier said the vaccine approach continues to be tested with the goal of initiating a phase 1 clinical trial. […] We are hopeful that this approach could be tested as a potential therapy for DMG tumors, which exact a terrible burden on children and their families, Gromeier said.

• #1

  https://www.scienceboard.net/index.aspx?sec=log&log=true&itemID=1877

  Researchers have developed a technology that leverages the polio vaccine to help treat cancer for those who develop the disease later in life. […] The PVSRIPO technology platform is uniquely positioned to target previously untreated and treatment-resistant tumors by leveraging an unexpected source, the polio vaccine. […] The Sabin type 1 polio virus is a live attenuated (weakened) version of the poliovirus first used in vaccination efforts against poliomyelitis, a deadly infection affecting the central nervous system. […] For those individuals who have previously received the polio vaccine (nearly everyone in the U.S. and over 85% of the global population), administration of PVSRIPO therapy directly into tumors will kill CD155-expressing cancer cells, but also stimulate antitumor immune responses to poliovirus in order to clear cancer cells.

• #1

  https://www.scienceboard.net/index.aspx?sec=log&log=true&itemID=1877

  The PVSRIPO therapy is administered directly into the tumor. […] In GBM, it’s generally just one infusion of therapy and then we monitor the patient. […] PVSRIPO is being developed initially as a second-line treatment for patients who do not respond to checkpoint inhibitor therapies. […] In a phase I glioblastoma trial, the Istari team has already demonstrated prolonged overall survival of 21% at 36 months among patients treated with PVSRIPO. […] Given the high safety profile of the PVSRIPO platform, the team believes that they can transform the immunotherapy space with improved treatment options and better quality of life for patients.

• #1 Best Stem Cell Treatment for Polio Syndrome – Proven and Effective

  https://chaitanyastemcell.com/polio-treatment-in-india/

  Stem cells are unique in that they possess several properties that distinguish them from other cell types. […] These have been the most helpful properties in case of polio treatment in India. […] Universal hospital is one of the best polio treatment hospital in India and we reassure you that we have the necessary resources and support available to provide hope and assistance throughout your journey. […] Stem cell therapy is a type of medical treatment that involves the use of stem cells to repair or replace damaged cells or tissues in the body. There is ongoing research exploring the potential use of stem cell therapy as the best treatment for polio in the world. Some studies have suggested that stem cell therapy may have the potential to promote nerve cell regeneration and improve motor function in patients with Polio.

• #1 Best Stem Cell Treatment for Polio Syndrome – Proven and Effective

  https://chaitanyastemcell.com/polio-treatment-in-india/

  Earlier, the only polio treatment in India was its prevention using vaccines but for those who were already afflicted with the condition, corrective surgeries were often the only recourse. […] The discovery of the potential uses of stem cell therapy for polio treatment in India has brought much-needed relief to countless patients. […] Other polio treatment options include: Orthopedic surgery or stem cell therapy. […] Though orthopedic treatment for polio affected leg has given some relief to the patient but the pain still persists and so does the limping. Hence, stem cell therapy for polio has been a promising alternative that has helped improve muscle strength and function. […] The best available treatment for polio at present is stem cell therapy as it has been shown to improve muscle strength and power.

• #1 Polio and Polio Vaccine: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/childrens-health/immunisation/polio-immunisation

  Polio (poliomyelitis), is a serious illness that can be debilitating and life-threatening. There is no cure but thanks to vaccinations, the illness is rare. Polio is very rare in places with polio vaccination, because the vaccine is so effective. […] All children and adults should be immunised against polio. […] There is currently no cure for polio so it is mainly treated based on symptoms. These include: Pain relief. Bed rest and fluids. Physiotherapy. Ventilators to help breathing, if needed. Medications to help with muscle spasms. Mobility aids.

• #1 The history of Polio – from eradication to re-emergence – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/stories/history-polio-eradication-re-emergence

  In 1962, an oral polio vaccine (OPV) was developed by researcher Albert Sabin, using an attenuated or weakened live polio virus. […] Dr. Rey said that, at this time, the recommendation of the Technical Advisory Group (TAG) on Immunizations is to use both the injected and oral vaccines to generate optimal immunity. […] As part of the primary vaccination schedule during the first year of life, a baby should receive two doses of the injectable vaccine (IPV) and one dose of the oral polio vaccine (OPV), as well as two boosters at 18 months and 5 years old. This scheme provides life-long protection. […] The 2022 detection of the vaccine-derived polio case in New York, however, raised the alarm among public health authorities across the world, and a renewed call to improve immunization rates.

• #1 The history of Polio – from eradication to re-emergence – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/stories/history-polio-eradication-re-emergence

  The recommended vaccination coverage to prevent the reintroduction of the virus is 95 percent. […] When vaccination levels are low, the unvaccinated in a community are more susceptible to the disease, increasing the likelihood that the weakened poliovirus mutates and reverts to a strain that is able to infect and cause paralysis, Dr. Rey added. […] The key to eradication is to keep up vaccination rates and to improve communication. […] We need to do our best effort to vaccinate children and reach more than 95 percent vaccination coverage to guarantee that our region remains polio-free.

• #1 Polio Vaccination | Polio | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/polio/vaccines/index.html

  There is no cure for polio (or poliomyelitis), but it can be prevented with safe and effective vaccination. […] As part of routine childhood immunization, children in the United States should get IPV to protect against polio. […] IPV protects against severe disease caused by poliovirus in almost everyone who has received all the recommended doses. […] Most health insurance plans cover the cost of vaccines. […] Your children may be able to get no-cost vaccines through the Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program.

• #1 Post-Polio Syndrome | Living With Paralysis | Reeve Foundation

  https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/health/causes-of-paralysis/post-polio-syndrome-poliomyelitis/

  Rehabilitation for Post-Polio Syndrome Treatment for PPS depends on individual issues. Rehabilitation programs are developed for the unique needs of the individual depending on issues that develop and prevention strategies. […] Energy conservation is the focus of rehabilitation strategies for individuals with post-polio syndrome. This may involve some changes in lifestyle. You may need to add rest periods into your day to ensure you are not overexerting your muscles. It may be necessary to use adaptive equipment for mobility. […] Exercise is critical to health, but over-exerting muscles leads to increased muscle fatigue. Less strenuous exercises can be provided to keep your muscles functional without overexertion. […] Pain control using analgesics or nerve pain medication may be helpful. For some, anti-inflammatory medications have been helpful. If nerve pain is an issue, gabapentin (Neurontin) and pregabalin (Lyrica) as well as low dose anti-seizure medication and low dose anti-depressants are useful.

• #1 Polio and the late effects of polio | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/polio-and-post-polio-syndrome

  There is no cure for polio. Treatment aims to manage the effects of the disease. Supportive treatment options include: antibiotics for secondary infections, pain-relieving medication, portable ventilators to assist breathing, medication to reduce muscle spasms, moderate exercise, massage, physiotherapy, heat treatments, a nutritious diet. […] There is no specific treatment for LEoP or PPS. Symptoms may be controlled or improved if you: avoid physical overexertion or stress, keep comfortably warm and avoid exposure to cold temperatures, modify daily activities to conserve energy for example, sit rather than stand where possible, use aids and equipment for example, orthoses, braces, walking sticks and electric scooters, ensure that all exercise is pain free and does not cause excessive tiredness.

• #2 Polio: Virus, Causes, Symptoms, Transmission & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15655-polio

  Polio is an illness that can cause flu-like symptoms and paralysis. Its caused by poliovirus, a germ that spreads easily from person to person. Most people have mild or no symptoms. But some people have severe symptoms that can lead to lifelong health conditions or death. Polio no longer spreads in most of the world, including the U.S. But its not completely eradicated. As long as it exists in some parts of the world, it could start spreading again if vaccination rates drop. […] No, theres no cure for polio and there arent specific medications to treat it. There isnt any way to make it go away faster or prevent paralysis. Physical therapy might help weakened or paralyzed muscles. If you have weakened or paralyzed breathing muscles, youll need mechanical ventilation, a machine that helps you breathe.

• #2 Polio: Symptoms and treatment – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/poliomyelitis-polio.html

  There is no specific therapy for polio. However, getting vaccinated against polio can prevent the disease.

• #2 Polio | Post-Polio Syndrome | PPS | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html

  Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a disease that spreads from person to person. It is caused by the poliovirus. The virus attacks the nervous system. In serious cases, it can cause paralysis (where you can’t move parts of the body). The paralysis may be lifelong and can sometimes be life-threatening. […] There is no cure or specific treatment for polio. For a mild case, getting rest and drinking plenty of liquids may help with some of the symptoms. […] If the polio is more serious, you or your child may need: Physical or occupational therapy to help with arm or leg weakness. The earlier therapy is started, the better. […] There is no cure for PPS. Treatments may help you manage your symptoms. They include: Non-fatiguing exercises (exercises that do not cause pain or fatigue that lasts more than 10 minutes). These exercises may improve muscle strength and reduce tiredness. Your provider can help you figure out which exercises are best for you.

• #2 Polio – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, New vaccines | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/polio

  Polio treatment, therefore, focuses on symptomatic care and physical therapy to speed up muscle rehabilitation and avoid complications that may occur with the following measures: […] Physical therapy to prevent bone deformity and loss of muscle mass. […] Using pain relievers such as ibuprofen to alleviate pain. […] Using portable ventilators to help with breathing. […] Using warm compresses to help relieve muscle pain and spasms. […] Swallowing exercises of the oral and tongue muscles; practice drinking water or a liquid diet. […] Using a splint or body brace to help align the spine and limbs in a proper position.

• #2 The history of Polio – from eradication to re-emergence – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/stories/history-polio-eradication-re-emergence

  Polio is the short name for poliomyelitis, a highly infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. […] According to Dr. Gloria Rey, a polio expert and Regional Advisor at PAHO, if the weakened live poliovirus can circulate in populations with low vaccination coverage, it can mutate and revert to a form that causes illness and paralysis. […] Among the unvaccinated, the virus attacks the nervous system and can cause total paralysis in a matter of hours. […] During the height of the regional polio epidemic in the 1950s, a machine known as an 'iron lung’ was used to aid patients whose muscles had weakened. Although this machine alleviated breathing, it was no cure, and the race was on to find a vaccine. […] It was in 1955 that Jonas Salks injectable vaccine was announced safe to use and a nation-wide immunization campaign began in the United States.

• #2 Acute Poliomyelitis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/967950-treatment

  Physical therapy plays an important role in rehabilitation for patients with poliomyelitis. Patients with muscle paralysis benefit from frequent passive range of motion (PROM) and splinting of joints to prevent contracture and joint ankylosis. […] In severe cases of contracture from limb immobilization, the patient may benefit from orthopedic surgery to release the contracture and restore limb function.

• #2 Post-Polio Syndrome | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/rehabilitation/post-polio-syndrome

  Post-Polio Clinic – part of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at University of Michigan Health – utilizes the skills of a multidisciplinary group of experts to comprehensively treat people struggling with post-polio syndrome, from physical issues to emotional challenges. […] The goal of treatment is to help our patients maintain their lifestyle as much as possible by helping them control their biomechanical issues, such as increasing balance by introducing an orthotic intervention, or using physical therapy to increase strength and stability. […] A wide variety of orthotics equipment used to support or correct moving parts of the body is available, depending on each patients needs, from crutches and walkers to braces and scooters. […] Our polio research history is rich and we are continuing that tradition today, working on a number of orthotics improvements, such as working with carbon fiber to make braces stronger and lighter.

• #2 Update on current and emerging treatment options for post-polio syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2909497/

  The management of PPS is still based on rehabilitation schemes including lifestyle changes, physiotherapy, training programs, and avoidance of secondary complications. […] An important advance occurred when it was documented that nonfatiguing exercises improved muscle strength and prohibited further decline of PPS without any obvious harmful effects. […] Training in warm water reduces the stress on joints and muscles, and warm water may have an analgesic effect. […] Early introduction of noninvasive respiratory aids such as intermittent positive pressure ventilation or biphasic positive pressure ventilators via a mouthpiece or nasal application can stabilize the situation and prevent complications like chest infections, further respiratory decline, and invasive ventilatory aid (with tracheostoma).

• #2 Polio and the late effects of polio | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/polio-and-post-polio-syndrome

  For some problems, surgery may be necessary. For example: a torn rotator cuff tendon in the shoulder this can occur after years of using the arms to assist with walking (for example, using crutches) or to push up and out of chairs, foot deformities that can cause falls, replacing worn joints at the hip and knee on the stronger leg. […] After a full assessment with a rehabilitation specialist, you may be referred to: a physiotherapist or exercise physiologist for weakness, pain or mobility problems, a respiratory therapist for breathing difficulties, an orthopedist for leg braces, an occupational therapist for help with functioning at work, home or in the community, a speech pathologist for help with speaking or swallowing, a pain clinic for chronic pain, a psychologist for depression or other mood difficulties, a social worker to assist with advocacy and quality of life, a pedorthist for help with footwear, a podiatrist for help with foot pain or other foot issues, a dietitian for help with nutrition to maintain a healthy weight.

• #2 Post-Polio Syndrome: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24584-post-polio-syndrome

  Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that can affect people several years after an initial polio infection. It causes gradual muscle weakness and atrophy. Theres no cure, so treatment focuses on managing symptoms. […] Theres currently no specific treatment for post-polio syndrome (PPS). Instead, healthcare providers focus on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. […] Specific strategies that can help manage PPS symptoms include: Non-fatiguing exercises: Exercises that dont cause pain or fatigue may improve muscle strength and reduce overall fatigue. Cardiorespiratory endurance training: Cardiorespiratory endurance is the level at which your heart, lungs and muscles work together when exercising for a prolonged time. You should talk to your provider before trying this type of training. Mobility aids: Devices such as canes, walkers and scooters can help with mobility and help avoid rapid muscle tiring and exhaustion. Occupational therapy: An occupational therapist can help you make adjustments in your home so you can perform daily tasks more easily. Speech therapy: If PPS has made swallowing difficult, a speech therapist can help. Lifestyle changes: Your provider will likely recommend eating a healthy diet, managing your weight, getting quality sleep and not smoking to help manage your symptoms and stay healthy. […] At this time, theres no cure for post-polio syndrome.

• #2 Post-polio syndrome – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-polio-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355674

  There’s no one treatment for the various signs and symptoms of post-polio syndrome. The goal of treatment is to manage your symptoms and help make you as comfortable and independent as possible. Here are some treatment options that may help manage your post-polio syndrome symptoms: […] Physical therapy. Your doctor or therapist may prescribe exercises for you that strengthen your muscles without fatiguing them. These usually include less strenuous activities, such as swimming or water aerobics, that you perform every other day at a relaxed pace. […] Medications. Pain relievers such as aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) might ease muscle and joint pain. […] Other possible treatment options may include the anticonvulsant drug gabapentin (Neurontin, Gralise), which is often used to treat nerve pain. Chronic opioid pain medications generally shouldn’t be used due to their long-term risks. You and your doctor should discuss the right treatment plan for you to manage your pain and symptoms.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/post-polio-syndrome/treatment/

  There’s currently no cure for post-polio syndrome (PPS), so treatment focuses on helping you manage your symptoms and improving your quality of life. […] People with the condition are often treated by a team of different healthcare professionals working together. This is known as a multidisciplinary team (MDT). […] To overcome this problem, „pacing” techniques may be recommended. This involves planning and prioritising tasks, finding alternative ways of doing exhausting tasks and getting help from others when you need it, taking regular breaks and having rest periods during the day, and doing regular gentle exercise this should be built up gradually and stopped before you become exhausted or experience pain. […] While pain and fatigue can often be reduced using pacing, various medications to help relieve pain are available if you need them. These include over-the-counter painkillers such as aspirin, paracetamol or ibuprofen, and stronger NSAIDs and opiates.

• #2 Update on current and emerging treatment options for post-polio syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2909497/

  Post-polio syndrome (PPS) refers to the clinical deterioration experienced by many polio survivors several decades after their acute illness. […] The basic principle of management of PPS lies in physical activity, individually tailored training programs, and lifestyle modification. Muscle weakness and muscle pain may be helped with specific training programs, in which training in warm water seems to be particularly helpful. […] Fatigue can be relieved with lifestyle changes, assistive devices, and training programs. […] Pharmacologic agents like prednisone, amantadine, pyridostigmine, and coenzyme Q10 are of no benefit in PPS. […] Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been tried in three studies, all having positive results. IVIG could probably be a therapeutic alternative, but the potential benefit is modest, and some important questions are still unanswered, in particular to which patients this treatment is useful, the dose, and the therapeutic interval.

• #2 Post-Polio Syndrome | Living With Paralysis | Reeve Foundation

  https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/health/causes-of-paralysis/post-polio-syndrome-poliomyelitis/

  Those who will be involved with your care are: Your Primary Healthcare Provider will take care of your daily needs. They will guide you in the care of general healthcare issues. […] A Neuromuscular Physician Specialist is a specially educated neurological physician who will take the lead about issues of PPS. This person will follow your progress to provide the best treatments for PPS. […] A Pulmonary Medical Specialist can assist with assessing breathing ability and equipment that may be required, if any. […] Physical Therapists will provide therapy to gently increase your strength and balance. They can assist with energy conservation principles. The physical therapist can help you select mobility aids, if needed. […] Occupational Therapists will assist with adaptations to increase your function in daily living both through gentle strengthening and adaptive equipment. They can assist with energy conservation techniques.

• #2 Post-Polio Clinics – Post Polio

  https://post-polio.org/living_with_polio/post-polio-clinics/

  To establish a post-polio clinic, a need has to be perceived for such a clinic. This need may be generated by the medical community, but more likely the catalyst will come from the demands of the post-polio population, in particular, the support groups. A post-polio clinic can be organized if the appropriate expertise exists in the community. A good resource is a rehabilitation center which has a full complement of professionals able to meet the various aspects of the post-polio survivors’ special needs in a coordinated fashion. […] The multidisciplinary treatment team should also include a physical therapist, occupational therapist, speech therapist, recreational therapist, rehabilitation psychologist, rehabilitation social worker, rehabilitation nurse, a dietitian, orthotist (brace fabricator) and a vocational counselor. There should be access to specialists in pulmonary medicine, neurology and orthopedic surgery.

• #2 Post-Polio Clinics – Post Polio

  https://post-polio.org/living_with_polio/post-polio-clinics/

  The client is then seen by a physiatrist who reviews the client’s medical history and perform a thorough neurologic and musculoskeletal examination. When appropriate, further evaluations by the treatment team will be arranged. […] Based on the outcome of this evaluation, an individualized treatment is established to maintain or increase strength, to improve range of motion, to relieve pain, and to maximize mobility skills. […] This treatment may include instruction in energy conservation techniques and work simplification, as well as suggestions for adaptive techniques and equipment to maximize the individual’s participation in home and work activities. […] A speech therapist assesses any speech or swallowing difficulties, and therapy is developed to maximize communication and safe swallowing skills.

• #2 Polio Treatment – Spaulding Rehabilitation

  https://spauldingrehab.org/conditions-services/polio

  We are dedicated to providing all polio survivors locally, regionally, nationally or internationally with skilled and compassionate care to enhance your function and improve your quality of life. The International Rehabilitation Center for Polio (IRCP) at Spaulding Outpatient Center Framingham offers innovative research, treatment and personalized care for post-polio syndrome. […] The IRCP is set up to accommodate the needs of all polio survivors who are able to travel to our facility. We offer intensive appointments scheduled over several days in a row for people coming from out of town. […] Generally, during the first day of treatment you will receive a consultation with a physician and evaluations by the polio team’s occupational and physical therapist. […] To ensure an improved state of wellness, our team will work with you to: Educate you on preventing further disability from the initial polio and the late effects of polio, Evaluate new weakness, Improve functional mobility (e.g., walking, transfers, etc.), Reduce fatigue and pain, Develop an appropriate exercise program, Teach energy saving techniques, Assess the need for work and home modifications.

• #2 (Complementary) Alternative Therapies | Post Polio: Polio Place

  https://www.polioplace.org/living-with-polio/complementary-alternative-therapies

  Bodywork includes myofascial release, various types of massage, craniosacral therapy, chiropractic treatments, Trager, Alexander Technique, and trigger point therapy. […] Energy work includes acupuncture and acupressure, traditional Chinese medicine techniques; therapeutic touch, developed in nursing; and reiki and polarity. […] Other adjunct therapies, some of which are more conventional, tried by polio survivors are hydrotherapy to ease pain and muscle spasms; biofeedback for learning to promote relaxation and increase oxygen flow to muscles; hypnotherapy for relaxation and pain relief; magnet therapy for pain relief; and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) units applied externally to reduce pain. […] When choosing alternative therapies: Do not assume all pain and fatigue are related to prior polio or that all post-polio pain is the same.

• #2 Best Stem Cell Treatment for Polio Syndrome – Proven and Effective

  https://chaitanyastemcell.com/polio-treatment-in-india/

  Most effective treatment was once taken to be as vaccination against polio but with recent advances, stem cell therapy has come out as a promising treatment option. […] Yes, stem cells improve muscle strength and function over a period of time. […] Stem cell therapy is an ongoing research and the results have been varied, complete reversal for every patient not be assured. […] Post polio syndrome shows muscle weakness, fatigue and pain the joints and muscles, by the essence of stem cells it has anti-inflammatory property and gives good results in post polio syndrome.

• #2 The history of Polio – from eradication to re-emergence – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/stories/history-polio-eradication-re-emergence

  In 1962, an oral polio vaccine (OPV) was developed by researcher Albert Sabin, using an attenuated or weakened live polio virus. […] Dr. Rey said that, at this time, the recommendation of the Technical Advisory Group (TAG) on Immunizations is to use both the injected and oral vaccines to generate optimal immunity. […] As part of the primary vaccination schedule during the first year of life, a baby should receive two doses of the injectable vaccine (IPV) and one dose of the oral polio vaccine (OPV), as well as two boosters at 18 months and 5 years old. This scheme provides life-long protection. […] The 2022 detection of the vaccine-derived polio case in New York, however, raised the alarm among public health authorities across the world, and a renewed call to improve immunization rates.

• #2 The history of Polio – from eradication to re-emergence – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/stories/history-polio-eradication-re-emergence

  The recommended vaccination coverage to prevent the reintroduction of the virus is 95 percent. […] When vaccination levels are low, the unvaccinated in a community are more susceptible to the disease, increasing the likelihood that the weakened poliovirus mutates and reverts to a strain that is able to infect and cause paralysis, Dr. Rey added. […] The key to eradication is to keep up vaccination rates and to improve communication. […] We need to do our best effort to vaccinate children and reach more than 95 percent vaccination coverage to guarantee that our region remains polio-free.

• #2 Polio and the late effects of polio | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/polio-and-post-polio-syndrome

  There is no cure for polio. Treatment aims to manage the effects of the disease. Supportive treatment options include: antibiotics for secondary infections, pain-relieving medication, portable ventilators to assist breathing, medication to reduce muscle spasms, moderate exercise, massage, physiotherapy, heat treatments, a nutritious diet. […] There is no specific treatment for LEoP or PPS. Symptoms may be controlled or improved if you: avoid physical overexertion or stress, keep comfortably warm and avoid exposure to cold temperatures, modify daily activities to conserve energy for example, sit rather than stand where possible, use aids and equipment for example, orthoses, braces, walking sticks and electric scooters, ensure that all exercise is pain free and does not cause excessive tiredness.

• #3 Polio Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/polio.html

  No drug can kill the virus once an infection has begun. Treatment is directed at controlling the symptoms of the disease. People with minor poliomyelitis are treated with bed rest and over-the-counter medicines to control fever and muscle aches. […] People with major poliomyelitis may require additional treatments, including: […] Physical therapy – Therapy helps to minimize damage to paralyzed muscles and to help people regain mobility as the acute illness resolves. Treatment for paralysis depends on which muscles are affected. […] Measures to prevent urinary tract infections – If the bladder muscles do not contract normally, the bladder may not empty completely. This can lead to urinary infections. Using catheters intermittently to empty the bladder may be necessary. […] Mechanical breathing support – When polio weakens the chest muscles so much that they cannot move the lungs (cannot breathe), people can be kept alive by placing a tube into their windpipe (the trachea). This tube is placed through an opening in the neck, called a tracheostomy. Breathing is performed by a machine called a ventilator that moves air in and out of the lungs. A catheter attached to a suction motor can remove excessive mucus through the tracheostomy tube. People who need artificial respiration long-term must live in a facility that is staffed by nurses and therapists who are skilled in respiratory care.

• #3 (Complementary) Alternative Therapies | Post Polio: Polio Place

  https://www.polioplace.org/living-with-polio/complementary-alternative-therapies

  Bodywork includes myofascial release, various types of massage, craniosacral therapy, chiropractic treatments, Trager, Alexander Technique, and trigger point therapy. […] Energy work includes acupuncture and acupressure, traditional Chinese medicine techniques; therapeutic touch, developed in nursing; and reiki and polarity. […] Other adjunct therapies, some of which are more conventional, tried by polio survivors are hydrotherapy to ease pain and muscle spasms; biofeedback for learning to promote relaxation and increase oxygen flow to muscles; hypnotherapy for relaxation and pain relief; magnet therapy for pain relief; and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) units applied externally to reduce pain. […] When choosing alternative therapies: Do not assume all pain and fatigue are related to prior polio or that all post-polio pain is the same.

• #4 There is No Cure for Polio. The Only Treatment is Prevention.

  https://globalbiodefense.com/2022/09/08/there-is-no-cure-for-polio-the-only-treatment-is-prevention/

  There is no cure for polio. The only treatment is prevention. And the tool for prevention is vaccination, the same tool that eliminated polio in the U.S. in the first place. […] The decline in polio in the U.S. and globally is a direct result of the introduction of vaccines and the willingness of the public to accept them. […] Two types of polio vaccine are in use worldwide. The one used in the U.S. since 2000 is an injection made from inactivated poliovirus. Inactivation kills the virus and prevents it from spreading. […] Most people in the U.S. are vaccinated through routine childhood vaccinations. Because immunity to polio following vaccination is lifelong, the CDC is not recommending booster vaccinations for the general population for people who completed the full series. However, the CDC does recommend that anyone who has not been vaccinated against polio virus get vaccinated, including adults.

• #5

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/poliomyelitis

  Polio is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus. It invades the nervous system and can cause total paralysis in a matter of hours. […] There is no cure for polio, it can only be prevented. Polio vaccine, given multiple times, can protect a child for life. There are two vaccines available: oral polio vaccine and inactivated polio vaccine. Both are effective and safe, and both are used in different combinations worldwide, depending on local epidemiological and programmatic circumstances, to ensure the best possible protection to populations can be provided. […] The strategies for polio eradication work when they are fully implemented. This is clearly demonstrated by the successful eradication of the disease in most countries of the world. […] Key to success is ensuring the Strategy is fully implemented in all areas and is fully resourced. Failure to implement strategic approaches, however, leads to ongoing transmission of the virus. […] WHO, together with its GPEI partners, continues to support countries which remain affected by poliovirus or are at high risk of polio re-emergence in implementing eradication strategies, focusing in the first instance on immunization and disease surveillance.

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