Pineoblastoma
Zapobieganie i profilaktyka

Pineoblastoma to agresywny, złośliwy nowotwór mózgu, występujący głównie u dzieci poniżej 10 roku życia, charakteryzujący się złym rokowaniem. Najnowsze badania wskazują, że około 20% przypadków pineoblastoma jest związanych z germinalnie patogennymi wariantami (GPV) w genie DROSHA, szczególnie w podtypie PB-microRNA1. Wcześniej znane były powiązania z mutacjami w genach DICER1 i DGCR8, które wraz z DROSHA odgrywają kluczową rolę w przetwarzaniu mikroRNA, istotnych dla regulacji rozwoju i zapobiegania onkogenezie. Dysfunkcja mikroRNA może prowadzić do transformacji onkogennej i wzrostu guza. Podtyp PB-microRNA1 wiąże się z późniejszym wiekiem diagnozy i lepszym rokowaniem, co ma znaczenie dla oceny ryzyka i planowania terapii.

Profilaktyka Pineoblastoma

Pineoblastoma, rzadki i agresywny typ nowotworu złośliwego mózgu, dotyka głównie dzieci poniżej 10 roku życia i charakteryzuje się złym rokowaniem. Obecnie nie istnieje potwierdzona naukowo metoda całkowitego zapobiegania temu schorzeniu1. Jednak badania sugerują pewne strategie, które mogą przyczynić się do zmniejszenia ryzyka lub wczesnego wykrycia choroby.

Badania genetyczne i nadzór medyczny

Najnowsze badania naukowe wskazują na istotny związek między pineoblastoma a pewnymi uwarunkowaniami genetycznymi. Odkrycia opublikowane w czasopiśmie Clinical Cancer Research wykazały, że nawet 20% wszystkich przypadków pineoblastoma może być spowodowanych przez germinalnie patogenne warianty (GPV) w genie DROSHA, szczególnie w podtypie PB-microRNA12. Wcześniejsze badania wiązały już zwiększone ryzyko nowotworów z dziedzicznymi zmianami w genach DICER1 i DGCR8, ale odkrycie związku z genem DROSHA jest przełomowe3.

Te trzy geny (DICER1, DGCR8 i DROSHA) odgrywają kluczową rolę w kontrolowaniu przetwarzania mikroRNA – cząsteczek ważnych w normalnym rozwoju, które mogą zapobiegać tworzeniu się guzów. Gdy mikroRNA nie funkcjonują prawidłowo, mogą przekształcić się w onkogeny, zwiększając ryzyko raka i wspomagając wzrost guzów4.

W kontekście profilaktyki zaleca się:

  • Wykonywanie badań genetycznych u rodzin pacjentów z pineoblastoma, szczególnie gdy występuje podejrzenie dziedzicznych predyspozycji56
  • Objęcie nadzorem medycznym osób z rozpoznanymi mutacjami zwiększającymi ryzyko, co prowadzi do wcześniejszego wykrycia potencjalnych zmian nowotworowych7
  • Konsultację w specjalistycznych ośrodkach genomiki klinicznej, które zajmują się diagnozowaniem i opieką nad pacjentami oraz rodzinami, których genetyka lub rodzinna historia medyczna zwiększa ryzyko zachorowania na raka8

Ogólne zalecenia zdrowotne

Chociaż nie ma gwarancji zapobieżenia pineoblastoma, pewne strategie mogą pomóc w zmniejszeniu ogólnego ryzyka nowotworowego oraz przyczyniać się do poprawy stanu zdrowia9:

  • Promowanie zrównoważonej diety bogatej w antyoksydanty i składniki odżywcze wspierające prawidłowe funkcjonowanie układu odpornościowego10
  • Regularna aktywność fizyczna dostosowana do wieku i możliwości organizmu11
  • Unikanie ekspozycji na tytoń i nadmierne spożycie alkoholu, szczególnie w rodzinach z historią choroby nowotworowej12
  • Regularne badania kontrolne, które mogą pomóc we wczesnym wykryciu wszelkich problemów zdrowotnych13

Podejście wielomodalne i znaczenie typowania molekularnego

Badania wykazują, że podejście wielomodalne jest konieczne do skutecznego leczenia pineoblastoma, co może mieć również implikacje dla działań profilaktycznych14. Typowanie molekularne pacjentów z pineoblastoma może pomóc w identyfikacji osób wymagających bardziej intensywnego podejścia terapeutycznego, ale także może wskazać członków rodziny, którzy mogą być narażeni na zwiększone ryzyko15.

Istotne jest, że podtyp PB-microRNA1, związany z wariantami genu DROSHA, wiąże się z późniejszym wiekiem w momencie diagnozy i lepszymi wynikami niż inne podtypy. Ta informacja może pomóc w lepszej ocenie rokowania, ale także w ukierunkowaniu działań profilaktycznych na odpowiednie grupy ryzyka16.

W przypadku niemowląt z pineoblastoma badania wskazują, że sama radioterapia ogniskowa nie jest skutecznym leczeniem ze względu na wysoki potencjał przerzutowy guza, co podkreśla znaczenie wczesnego wykrycia i kompleksowego podejścia17.

Przyszłość profilaktyki pineoblastoma

Odkrycia dotyczące molekularnego podłoża pineoblastoma otwierają nowe możliwości dla strategii profilaktycznych1819. Badania prowadzone przez takie ośrodki jak Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, gdzie głównym badaczem był dr Kenan Onel, kierownik Genomiki Klinicznej i dyrektor Centrum Onkologii Precyzyjnej i Profilaktyki Raka, przyczyniają się do lepszego zrozumienia mechanizmów leżących u podstaw rozwoju tego nowotworu20.

Szczególnie ważne jest zrozumienie roli mikroRNA w rozwoju guza oraz wpływu genów DICER1, DGCR8 i DROSHA na ich przetwarzanie, co może prowadzić do opracowania nowych strategii profilaktycznych ukierunkowanych na te mechanizmy molekularne2122.

Kolejne rozdziały

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  1. 11.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Pineoblastoma: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24950-pineoblastoma
    Theres no known way to prevent pineoblastoma.
  • #2 Inherited genetic condition raises risk of developing two rare paediatric cancers – ecancer
    https://ecancer.org/en/news/26078-inherited-genetic-condition-raises-risk-of-developing-two-rare-paediatric-cancers
    Three genes play a key role in controlling microRNA processing DICER1, DGCR8 and DROSHA. […] Previous studies revealed that increased tumour risk was linked to inherited changes called germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) in DICER1 and DGCR8, but this study marks the first time the connection has been identified with DROSHA GPVs. […] Unexpectedly, the research team found that about 20% of all cases of pineoblastoma may be caused by DROSHA GPVs especially a pineoblastoma subtype, PB-microRNA1, which is caused by abnormal microRNA processing. […] Because PB-microRNA1 is associated with older age at diagnosis and better outcomes than other subtypes, this information could help better gauge prognosis. […] The Department of Clinical Genomics at Roswell Park focuses on diagnosing and caring for patients and families whose genetics or family medical history increase their risk of cancer.
  • #3 Inherited genetic condition raises risk of developing two rare paediatric cancers – ecancer
    https://ecancer.org/en/news/26078-inherited-genetic-condition-raises-risk-of-developing-two-rare-paediatric-cancers
    Three genes play a key role in controlling microRNA processing DICER1, DGCR8 and DROSHA. […] Previous studies revealed that increased tumour risk was linked to inherited changes called germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) in DICER1 and DGCR8, but this study marks the first time the connection has been identified with DROSHA GPVs. […] Unexpectedly, the research team found that about 20% of all cases of pineoblastoma may be caused by DROSHA GPVs especially a pineoblastoma subtype, PB-microRNA1, which is caused by abnormal microRNA processing. […] Because PB-microRNA1 is associated with older age at diagnosis and better outcomes than other subtypes, this information could help better gauge prognosis. […] The Department of Clinical Genomics at Roswell Park focuses on diagnosing and caring for patients and families whose genetics or family medical history increase their risk of cancer.
  • #4 Inherited genetic condition raises risk of developing two rare paediatric cancers – ecancer
    https://ecancer.org/en/news/26078-inherited-genetic-condition-raises-risk-of-developing-two-rare-paediatric-cancers
    Inherited genetic condition raises risk of developing two rare paediatric cancers. […] Their findings appear in Clinical Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. […] Pineoblastoma, a rare and aggressive type of malignant brain tumour, mostly affects those 10 and younger, and has a poor prognosis. […] Kenan Onel, MD, PhD, Chief of Clinical Genomics and Director of the Center for Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, served as Principal Investigator of the study, which focused on the regulation of microRNAs molecules that are important in normal development and can prevent tumours from forming. […] However, when microRNAs dont function properly, they can become oncogenes, increasing cancer risk and helping tumours grow.
  • #5 Researchers Find Inherited Genetic Condition Raises Risk of Developing Two Rare Pediatric Cancers | Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center – Buffalo, NY
    https://www.roswellpark.org/newsroom/202502-researchers-find-inherited-genetic-condition-raises-risk-developing-two-rare
    Team recommends genetic testing, surveillance for affected patients families […] The Department of Clinical Genomics at Roswell Park focuses on diagnosing and caring for patients and families whose genetics or family medical history increase their risk of cancer.
  • #6 Inherited genetic condition raises risk of developing two rare paediatric cancers – ecancer
    https://ecancer.org/en/news/26078-inherited-genetic-condition-raises-risk-of-developing-two-rare-paediatric-cancers
    Three genes play a key role in controlling microRNA processing DICER1, DGCR8 and DROSHA. […] Previous studies revealed that increased tumour risk was linked to inherited changes called germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) in DICER1 and DGCR8, but this study marks the first time the connection has been identified with DROSHA GPVs. […] Unexpectedly, the research team found that about 20% of all cases of pineoblastoma may be caused by DROSHA GPVs especially a pineoblastoma subtype, PB-microRNA1, which is caused by abnormal microRNA processing. […] Because PB-microRNA1 is associated with older age at diagnosis and better outcomes than other subtypes, this information could help better gauge prognosis. […] The Department of Clinical Genomics at Roswell Park focuses on diagnosing and caring for patients and families whose genetics or family medical history increase their risk of cancer.
  • #7 Researchers Find Inherited Genetic Condition Raises Risk of Developing Two Rare Pediatric Cancers | Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center – Buffalo, NY
    https://www.roswellpark.org/newsroom/202502-researchers-find-inherited-genetic-condition-raises-risk-developing-two-rare
    Team recommends genetic testing, surveillance for affected patients families […] The Department of Clinical Genomics at Roswell Park focuses on diagnosing and caring for patients and families whose genetics or family medical history increase their risk of cancer.
  • #8 Researchers Find Inherited Genetic Condition Raises Risk of Developing Two Rare Pediatric Cancers | Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center – Buffalo, NY
    https://www.roswellpark.org/newsroom/202502-researchers-find-inherited-genetic-condition-raises-risk-developing-two-rare
    Team recommends genetic testing, surveillance for affected patients families […] The Department of Clinical Genomics at Roswell Park focuses on diagnosing and caring for patients and families whose genetics or family medical history increase their risk of cancer.
  • #9 Pineoblastoma – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
    https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/pineoblastoma
    While there is no guaranteed way to prevent pineoblastoma, certain strategies may help reduce the risk: […] Encouraging a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol can promote overall well-being. […] Routine medical check-ups can help identify any health issues early on.
  • #10 Pineoblastoma – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
    https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/pineoblastoma
    While there is no guaranteed way to prevent pineoblastoma, certain strategies may help reduce the risk: […] Encouraging a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol can promote overall well-being. […] Routine medical check-ups can help identify any health issues early on.
  • #11 Pineoblastoma – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
    https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/pineoblastoma
    While there is no guaranteed way to prevent pineoblastoma, certain strategies may help reduce the risk: […] Encouraging a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol can promote overall well-being. […] Routine medical check-ups can help identify any health issues early on.
  • #12 Pineoblastoma – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
    https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/pineoblastoma
    While there is no guaranteed way to prevent pineoblastoma, certain strategies may help reduce the risk: […] Encouraging a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol can promote overall well-being. […] Routine medical check-ups can help identify any health issues early on.
  • #13 Pineoblastoma – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
    https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/pineoblastoma
    While there is no guaranteed way to prevent pineoblastoma, certain strategies may help reduce the risk: […] Encouraging a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol can promote overall well-being. […] Routine medical check-ups can help identify any health issues early on.
  • #14 Prognostic factors and outcome of pineoblastoma: 10 years single-center experience | Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute | Full Text
    https://jenci.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43046-021-00083-3
    A multimodality approach is needed to treat this aggressive disease. […] Inadequate dose intensity affected our patients outcome negatively. […] A more aggressive approach using high-dose chemotherapy or CSI may be required to improve infantile pineoblastomas dismal outcome. […] Focal radiotherapy is not an efficacious treatment in infants due to its high-metastatic potential. […] Molecular typing should be considered to label patients who need a more intensified approach.
  • #15 Prognostic factors and outcome of pineoblastoma: 10 years single-center experience | Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute | Full Text
    https://jenci.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43046-021-00083-3
    A multimodality approach is needed to treat this aggressive disease. […] Inadequate dose intensity affected our patients outcome negatively. […] A more aggressive approach using high-dose chemotherapy or CSI may be required to improve infantile pineoblastomas dismal outcome. […] Focal radiotherapy is not an efficacious treatment in infants due to its high-metastatic potential. […] Molecular typing should be considered to label patients who need a more intensified approach.
  • #16 Inherited genetic condition raises risk of developing two rare paediatric cancers – ecancer
    https://ecancer.org/en/news/26078-inherited-genetic-condition-raises-risk-of-developing-two-rare-paediatric-cancers
    Three genes play a key role in controlling microRNA processing DICER1, DGCR8 and DROSHA. […] Previous studies revealed that increased tumour risk was linked to inherited changes called germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) in DICER1 and DGCR8, but this study marks the first time the connection has been identified with DROSHA GPVs. […] Unexpectedly, the research team found that about 20% of all cases of pineoblastoma may be caused by DROSHA GPVs especially a pineoblastoma subtype, PB-microRNA1, which is caused by abnormal microRNA processing. […] Because PB-microRNA1 is associated with older age at diagnosis and better outcomes than other subtypes, this information could help better gauge prognosis. […] The Department of Clinical Genomics at Roswell Park focuses on diagnosing and caring for patients and families whose genetics or family medical history increase their risk of cancer.
  • #17 Prognostic factors and outcome of pineoblastoma: 10 years single-center experience | Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute | Full Text
    https://jenci.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43046-021-00083-3
    A multimodality approach is needed to treat this aggressive disease. […] Inadequate dose intensity affected our patients outcome negatively. […] A more aggressive approach using high-dose chemotherapy or CSI may be required to improve infantile pineoblastomas dismal outcome. […] Focal radiotherapy is not an efficacious treatment in infants due to its high-metastatic potential. […] Molecular typing should be considered to label patients who need a more intensified approach.
  • #18 Inherited genetic condition raises risk of developing two rare paediatric cancers – ecancer
    https://ecancer.org/en/news/26078-inherited-genetic-condition-raises-risk-of-developing-two-rare-paediatric-cancers
    Inherited genetic condition raises risk of developing two rare paediatric cancers. […] Their findings appear in Clinical Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. […] Pineoblastoma, a rare and aggressive type of malignant brain tumour, mostly affects those 10 and younger, and has a poor prognosis. […] Kenan Onel, MD, PhD, Chief of Clinical Genomics and Director of the Center for Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, served as Principal Investigator of the study, which focused on the regulation of microRNAs molecules that are important in normal development and can prevent tumours from forming. […] However, when microRNAs dont function properly, they can become oncogenes, increasing cancer risk and helping tumours grow.
  • #19 Inherited genetic condition raises risk of developing two rare paediatric cancers – ecancer
    https://ecancer.org/en/news/26078-inherited-genetic-condition-raises-risk-of-developing-two-rare-paediatric-cancers
    Three genes play a key role in controlling microRNA processing DICER1, DGCR8 and DROSHA. […] Previous studies revealed that increased tumour risk was linked to inherited changes called germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) in DICER1 and DGCR8, but this study marks the first time the connection has been identified with DROSHA GPVs. […] Unexpectedly, the research team found that about 20% of all cases of pineoblastoma may be caused by DROSHA GPVs especially a pineoblastoma subtype, PB-microRNA1, which is caused by abnormal microRNA processing. […] Because PB-microRNA1 is associated with older age at diagnosis and better outcomes than other subtypes, this information could help better gauge prognosis. […] The Department of Clinical Genomics at Roswell Park focuses on diagnosing and caring for patients and families whose genetics or family medical history increase their risk of cancer.
  • #20 Inherited genetic condition raises risk of developing two rare paediatric cancers – ecancer
    https://ecancer.org/en/news/26078-inherited-genetic-condition-raises-risk-of-developing-two-rare-paediatric-cancers
    Inherited genetic condition raises risk of developing two rare paediatric cancers. […] Their findings appear in Clinical Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. […] Pineoblastoma, a rare and aggressive type of malignant brain tumour, mostly affects those 10 and younger, and has a poor prognosis. […] Kenan Onel, MD, PhD, Chief of Clinical Genomics and Director of the Center for Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, served as Principal Investigator of the study, which focused on the regulation of microRNAs molecules that are important in normal development and can prevent tumours from forming. […] However, when microRNAs dont function properly, they can become oncogenes, increasing cancer risk and helping tumours grow.
  • #21 Inherited genetic condition raises risk of developing two rare paediatric cancers – ecancer
    https://ecancer.org/en/news/26078-inherited-genetic-condition-raises-risk-of-developing-two-rare-paediatric-cancers
    Inherited genetic condition raises risk of developing two rare paediatric cancers. […] Their findings appear in Clinical Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. […] Pineoblastoma, a rare and aggressive type of malignant brain tumour, mostly affects those 10 and younger, and has a poor prognosis. […] Kenan Onel, MD, PhD, Chief of Clinical Genomics and Director of the Center for Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, served as Principal Investigator of the study, which focused on the regulation of microRNAs molecules that are important in normal development and can prevent tumours from forming. […] However, when microRNAs dont function properly, they can become oncogenes, increasing cancer risk and helping tumours grow.
  • #22 Inherited genetic condition raises risk of developing two rare paediatric cancers – ecancer
    https://ecancer.org/en/news/26078-inherited-genetic-condition-raises-risk-of-developing-two-rare-paediatric-cancers
    Three genes play a key role in controlling microRNA processing DICER1, DGCR8 and DROSHA. […] Previous studies revealed that increased tumour risk was linked to inherited changes called germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) in DICER1 and DGCR8, but this study marks the first time the connection has been identified with DROSHA GPVs. […] Unexpectedly, the research team found that about 20% of all cases of pineoblastoma may be caused by DROSHA GPVs especially a pineoblastoma subtype, PB-microRNA1, which is caused by abnormal microRNA processing. […] Because PB-microRNA1 is associated with older age at diagnosis and better outcomes than other subtypes, this information could help better gauge prognosis. […] The Department of Clinical Genomics at Roswell Park focuses on diagnosing and caring for patients and families whose genetics or family medical history increase their risk of cancer.