Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Outcome Differences between Conservatively Treated Acute Bony and Tendinous Mallet Fingers

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/20/6557

  Mallet finger is a common injury, with an incidence rate of 10 per 100,000 population each year. […] This study aimed to evaluate the differences in outcomes between acute bony and tendinous mallet fingers following conservative treatment with splints. […] Mallet injuries, both tendinous and bony, are common. They are often studied together and typically treated in the same manner using extension splints. However, evidence clearly shows that these are different injuries which present in the same way. […] The results of the present study suggest that bony mallet injuries have better outcomes than tendinous mallet injuries, and that they therefore require a shorter splinting time of 4 weeks, compared with 6–8 weeks for slow-healing tendinous injuries.

• #2 Operative Treatment of Mallet Fractures

  https://juniperpublishers.com/oroaj/OROAJ.MS.ID.555904.php

  Mallet finger lesions are common, with a prevalence of 9.3% of all tendon and ligament lesions in the body and an incidence of 5.6% of all tendinous lesions in the hand and wrist. […] Globally, no gender difference is present in the affected population, although high-energy mechanisms of injury are more common in young males and low-energy mechanisms of injury are common in elderly females. […] Tendinous mallet finger is more common than bony mallet finger.

• #3 SciELO Brazil – OUTCOME OF NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT OF MALLET FINGER OUTCOME OF NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT OF MALLET FINGER

  https://www.scielo.br/j/aob/a/FtdrV5SGKVvtkmBQJyNBqwy/?lang=en

  Epidemiologically, this is a common injury with an international prevalence of 9.3% among all tendinous injuries in the body, and incidence of 5.6% among all hand and wrist tendinous injuries. […] Our findings show that patients with 30 of initial angulation, presented RR values as 2.99 (1.73-25.8, IC 95%, p = 0.0059) to develop residual angulation at the end of the conservative treatment. […] The Mexican population has the same epidemiologic frequency in gender, age, most affected hand and finger, as reported worldwide.

• #4 Finger Injuries – Core EM

  https://coreem.net/core/finger-injuries/

  Mallet Finger […] Epidemiology […] 5.6% of all tendon/ligament injuries to the hand/wrist (Botero 2016) […] Occurs frequently during manual labor or sports […] Younger males (high-energy mechanism) and older females (low-energy mechanism) are most commonly injured. […] Middle, ring, and small finger are most frequently involved.

• #5 Incidence and management of mallet finger in Dutch primary care: a cohort study | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/8/1/bjgpo.2023.0040

  Mallet finger (MF) is diagnosed clinically and can be managed in primary care. The actual incidence of MF and how it is managed in primary care is unknown. […] To determine the incidence of MF in primary care and to obtain estimates for the proportions of osseous and tendon MF. An additional aim was to gain insight into the management of patients diagnosed with MF in primary care. […] In total, 161 cases of MF were identified. The mean incidence was 0.58 per 1000 person-years. […] On average, a Dutch GP assesses 1 patient with MF per year. […] Since only a minimal number of patients required surgical treatment and a limited number of GPs requested radiography, the recommendation in the guidelines to perform radiography in all patients with MF should potentially be reconsidered. […] Currently, there is a clear absence in knowledge on the incidence and management of MF in primary care.

• #6 Incidence and management of mallet finger in Dutch primary care: a cohort study | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/8/1/bjgpo.2023.0040

  The objectives of the study were as follows: 1) to determine the incidence of MF in primary care; 2) to obtain estimates for the proportions of osseous and tendon MF; and 3) to gain insight into the management strategies of patients diagnosed with MF in primary care. […] The mean incidence over the study period was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.48 to 0.69) per 1000 person-years. […] Of the patients with MF, 93% (n = 150) were initially diagnosed and managed by the GP, with the remaining patients diagnosed and managed at the emergency department of a hospital. […] Referral to a secondary care specialist after the initial assessment by the GP was the most applied strategy (45%), followed by conservative treatment in general practice (43%), and referral to a paramedical professional (11%). […] Overall, 2% (n = 4/161) of patients with MF underwent surgery within 6 months of their initial presentation. […] This study found that, in the Netherlands, a GP sees, on average, one patient per year with MF, and 2% of patients with MF undergo surgery in the first 6 months after initial presentation.

• #7 Incidence and management of mallet finger in Dutch primary care: a cohort study | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/8/1/BJGPO.2023.0040

  Mallet finger (MF) is diagnosed clinically and can be managed in primary care. The actual incidence of MF and how it is managed in primary care is unknown. […] To determine the incidence of MF in primary care and to obtain estimates for the proportions of osseous and tendon MF. An additional aim was to gain insight into the management of patients diagnosed with MF in primary care. […] In total, 161 cases of MF were identified. The mean incidence was 0.58 per 1000 person-years. […] On average, a Dutch GP assesses 1 patient with MF per year. […] Since only a minimal number of patients required surgical treatment and a limited number of GPs requested radiography, the recommendation in the guidelines to perform radiography in all patients with MF should potentially be reconsidered. […] Currently, there is a clear absence in knowledge on the incidence and management of MF in primary care.

• #8 Operative Treatment of Mallet Fractures

  https://juniperpublishers.com/oroaj/OROAJ.MS.ID.555904.php

  Mallet finger lesions are common, with a prevalence of 9.3% of all tendon and ligament lesions in the body and an incidence of 5.6% of all tendinous lesions in the hand and wrist. […] Globally, no gender difference is present in the affected population, although high-energy mechanisms of injury are more common in young males and low-energy mechanisms of injury are common in elderly females. […] Tendinous mallet finger is more common than bony mallet finger.

• #9 Operative Treatment of Mallet Fractures

  https://juniperpublishers.com/oroaj/OROAJ.MS.ID.555904.php

  Mallet finger lesions are common, with a prevalence of 9.3% of all tendon and ligament lesions in the body and an incidence of 5.6% of all tendinous lesions in the hand and wrist. […] Globally, no gender difference is present in the affected population, although high-energy mechanisms of injury are more common in young males and low-energy mechanisms of injury are common in elderly females. […] Tendinous mallet finger is more common than bony mallet finger.

• #10 Finger Injuries – Core EM

  https://coreem.net/core/finger-injuries/

  Mallet Finger […] Epidemiology […] 5.6% of all tendon/ligament injuries to the hand/wrist (Botero 2016) […] Occurs frequently during manual labor or sports […] Younger males (high-energy mechanism) and older females (low-energy mechanism) are most commonly injured. […] Middle, ring, and small finger are most frequently involved.

• #11 Operative Treatment of Mallet Fractures

  https://juniperpublishers.com/oroaj/OROAJ.MS.ID.555904.php

  Mallet finger lesions are common, with a prevalence of 9.3% of all tendon and ligament lesions in the body and an incidence of 5.6% of all tendinous lesions in the hand and wrist. […] Globally, no gender difference is present in the affected population, although high-energy mechanisms of injury are more common in young males and low-energy mechanisms of injury are common in elderly females. […] Tendinous mallet finger is more common than bony mallet finger.

• #12 Finger Injuries – Core EM

  https://coreem.net/core/finger-injuries/

  Mallet Finger […] Epidemiology […] 5.6% of all tendon/ligament injuries to the hand/wrist (Botero 2016) […] Occurs frequently during manual labor or sports […] Younger males (high-energy mechanism) and older females (low-energy mechanism) are most commonly injured. […] Middle, ring, and small finger are most frequently involved.

• #13 Mallet Finger – WikiSM (Sports Medicine Wiki)

  https://wikism.org/Mallet_Finger

  Epidemiology is not well described. […] There is a male predominance in the first 3 decades of life. […] By the 6th decade, the incidence is roughly the same between men and women.

• #14 Mallet Finger – WikiSM (Sports Medicine Wiki)

  https://wikism.org/Mallet_Finger

  Epidemiology is not well described. […] There is a male predominance in the first 3 decades of life. […] By the 6th decade, the incidence is roughly the same between men and women.

• #15 Jersey Finger and Mallet Finger | Musculoskeletal Key

  https://musculoskeletalkey.com/jersey-finger-and-mallet-finger/

  Age: Predominantly in young, active individuals involved in contact sports […] Mallet finger […] Predominantly in young active males involved in contact sports […] Males 1.5 times more affected than females in the general population […] Incidence 10 to 19 year old males 1.2/10,000 per year […] Incidence 10 to 19 year old females 0.5/10,000 per year […] Incidence 20 to 29 year old males 1.5/10,000 per year […] Incidence 20 to 29 year old females 0.4/10,000 per year […] Incidence 30 to 39 year old males 1.3/10,000 per year […] Incidence 30 to 39 year old females 0.5/10,000 per year […] Mallet finger […] Any contact sport such as softball, baseball, football, basketball, or soccer in which the hand is subjected to force from a ball or another player […] Injury is common in any full contact sports, but mallet and jersey fingers represent a small number of traumatic injuries that occur in these sports.

• #16 Jersey Finger and Mallet Finger | Musculoskeletal Key

  https://musculoskeletalkey.com/jersey-finger-and-mallet-finger/

  Age: Predominantly in young, active individuals involved in contact sports […] Mallet finger […] Predominantly in young active males involved in contact sports […] Males 1.5 times more affected than females in the general population […] Incidence 10 to 19 year old males 1.2/10,000 per year […] Incidence 10 to 19 year old females 0.5/10,000 per year […] Incidence 20 to 29 year old males 1.5/10,000 per year […] Incidence 20 to 29 year old females 0.4/10,000 per year […] Incidence 30 to 39 year old males 1.3/10,000 per year […] Incidence 30 to 39 year old females 0.5/10,000 per year […] Mallet finger […] Any contact sport such as softball, baseball, football, basketball, or soccer in which the hand is subjected to force from a ball or another player […] Injury is common in any full contact sports, but mallet and jersey fingers represent a small number of traumatic injuries that occur in these sports.

• #17

  https://www.orthobullets.com/hand/6014/mallet-finger

  Mallet Finger is a finger deformity caused by disruption of the terminal extensor tendon distal to DIP joint. […] Epidemiology: Risk factors usually occur in the work environment or during participation in sports. […] Demographics: common in young to middle-aged males and older females. […] Anatomic location: most frequently involves long (most common), ring and small fingers of dominant hand.

• #18 Mallet Finger And Other Finger Extensor Injuries – OrthoPaedia

  https://www.orthopaedia.com/mallet-finger-and-other-finger-extensor-injuries/

  Mallet finger is most commonly seen in the small, ring, and middle fingers in the dominant hand. Mallet finger more commonly affects men, usually during work or sports related activities. […] Injuries to the sagittal bands or the central slip are less common. Central slip dysfunction may be related to direct trauma or to a volar dislocation of the PIP joint. The sagittal bands may also be damaged from a direct injury to the MCP joint, as occurs in boxing. The radial sagittal band is most commonly injured leading to ulnar subluxation of the extensor mechanism. In addition, patients with rheumatoid arthritis can develop attritional ruptures of the sagittal band.

• #19 Mallet Finger Injuries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459373/

  Mallet finger injuries usually occur in the workplace or during sports-related activities. There is a predisposition to these injuries during participation in ball sports, as the ball hits the fingertip of an extended finger. This compels the distal interphalangeal joint into a forced flexion position and thereby causes an extensor tendon disruption. Most often, such injuries involve the long finger, ring finger, or the little finger of the dominant hand. Frequently these injuries are seen in young to middle-aged men and occasionally in older women as well. […] The two major complications from mallet finger injuries and mallet fractures are residual extensor lag and swan neck deformities. Extensor lag is the flexion deformity that can be noted on physical exam. Swan neck deformities are due to a disruption of the volar plate caused by the disrupted extensor tendon. This results in the distal interphalangeal joint becoming abnormally flexed and the proximal interphalangeal joint remaining in a hyperextended position. Either of these complications can occur following either nonsurgical or surgical management of mallet fractures.

• #20

  https://www.orthobullets.com/hand/6014/mallet-finger

  Mallet Finger is a finger deformity caused by disruption of the terminal extensor tendon distal to DIP joint. […] Epidemiology: Risk factors usually occur in the work environment or during participation in sports. […] Demographics: common in young to middle-aged males and older females. […] Anatomic location: most frequently involves long (most common), ring and small fingers of dominant hand.

• #21 Finger Injuries – Core EM

  https://coreem.net/core/finger-injuries/

  Mallet Finger […] Epidemiology […] 5.6% of all tendon/ligament injuries to the hand/wrist (Botero 2016) […] Occurs frequently during manual labor or sports […] Younger males (high-energy mechanism) and older females (low-energy mechanism) are most commonly injured. […] Middle, ring, and small finger are most frequently involved.

• #22

  https://www.orthobullets.com/hand/6014/mallet-finger

  Mallet Finger is a finger deformity caused by disruption of the terminal extensor tendon distal to DIP joint. […] Epidemiology: Risk factors usually occur in the work environment or during participation in sports. […] Demographics: common in young to middle-aged males and older females. […] Anatomic location: most frequently involves long (most common), ring and small fingers of dominant hand.

• #23

  https://www.orthobullets.com/hand/6014/mallet-finger

  Mallet Finger is a finger deformity caused by disruption of the terminal extensor tendon distal to DIP joint. […] Epidemiology: Risk factors usually occur in the work environment or during participation in sports. […] Demographics: common in young to middle-aged males and older females. […] Anatomic location: most frequently involves long (most common), ring and small fingers of dominant hand.

• #24 Mallet Finger And Other Finger Extensor Injuries – OrthoPaedia

  https://www.orthopaedia.com/mallet-finger-and-other-finger-extensor-injuries/

  Mallet finger is most commonly seen in the small, ring, and middle fingers in the dominant hand. Mallet finger more commonly affects men, usually during work or sports related activities. […] Injuries to the sagittal bands or the central slip are less common. Central slip dysfunction may be related to direct trauma or to a volar dislocation of the PIP joint. The sagittal bands may also be damaged from a direct injury to the MCP joint, as occurs in boxing. The radial sagittal band is most commonly injured leading to ulnar subluxation of the extensor mechanism. In addition, patients with rheumatoid arthritis can develop attritional ruptures of the sagittal band.

• #25 Mallet Finger Injuries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459373/

  Mallet finger injuries usually occur in the workplace or during sports-related activities. There is a predisposition to these injuries during participation in ball sports, as the ball hits the fingertip of an extended finger. This compels the distal interphalangeal joint into a forced flexion position and thereby causes an extensor tendon disruption. Most often, such injuries involve the long finger, ring finger, or the little finger of the dominant hand. Frequently these injuries are seen in young to middle-aged men and occasionally in older women as well. […] The two major complications from mallet finger injuries and mallet fractures are residual extensor lag and swan neck deformities. Extensor lag is the flexion deformity that can be noted on physical exam. Swan neck deformities are due to a disruption of the volar plate caused by the disrupted extensor tendon. This results in the distal interphalangeal joint becoming abnormally flexed and the proximal interphalangeal joint remaining in a hyperextended position. Either of these complications can occur following either nonsurgical or surgical management of mallet fractures.

• #26

  https://www.orthobullets.com/hand/6014/mallet-finger

  Mallet Finger is a finger deformity caused by disruption of the terminal extensor tendon distal to DIP joint. […] Epidemiology: Risk factors usually occur in the work environment or during participation in sports. […] Demographics: common in young to middle-aged males and older females. […] Anatomic location: most frequently involves long (most common), ring and small fingers of dominant hand.

• #27 Mallet Finger Injuries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459373/

  Mallet finger injuries usually occur in the workplace or during sports-related activities. There is a predisposition to these injuries during participation in ball sports, as the ball hits the fingertip of an extended finger. This compels the distal interphalangeal joint into a forced flexion position and thereby causes an extensor tendon disruption. Most often, such injuries involve the long finger, ring finger, or the little finger of the dominant hand. Frequently these injuries are seen in young to middle-aged men and occasionally in older women as well. […] The two major complications from mallet finger injuries and mallet fractures are residual extensor lag and swan neck deformities. Extensor lag is the flexion deformity that can be noted on physical exam. Swan neck deformities are due to a disruption of the volar plate caused by the disrupted extensor tendon. This results in the distal interphalangeal joint becoming abnormally flexed and the proximal interphalangeal joint remaining in a hyperextended position. Either of these complications can occur following either nonsurgical or surgical management of mallet fractures.

• #28

  https://www.orthobullets.com/hand/6014/mallet-finger

  Mallet Finger is a finger deformity caused by disruption of the terminal extensor tendon distal to DIP joint. […] Epidemiology: Risk factors usually occur in the work environment or during participation in sports. […] Demographics: common in young to middle-aged males and older females. […] Anatomic location: most frequently involves long (most common), ring and small fingers of dominant hand.

• #29 Mallet Finger Injuries | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/24690

  Mallet finger injuries usually occur in the workplace or during sports-related activities. There is a predisposition to these injuries during participation in ball sports, as the ball hits the fingertip of an extended finger. This compels the distal interphalangeal joint into a forced flexion position and thereby causes an extensor tendon disruption. Most often, such injuries involve the long finger, ring finger, or the little finger of the dominant hand. Frequently these injuries are seen in young to middle-aged men and occasionally in older women as well. […] The diagnosis of a mallet finger is usually a clinical diagnosis. However, to distinguish between mallet finger injuries and mallet fractures, providers should obtain a three-view radiograph of the affected finger. Referring to these radiographs, one will either see a bony avulsion of the distal phalanx as in a mallet fracture, or the radiograph will be normal as in a mallet finger, the latter is due only to a ligamentous injury. […] Mallet finger injuries are best managed by an interprofessional team because the ideal treatment is not known. While conservative treatment with splints is widely used for mild injuries, the outcomes are unpredictable. Surgery is often done but again the results are not optimal.

• #30 Mallet Finger Injuries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459373/

  Mallet finger injuries usually occur in the workplace or during sports-related activities. There is a predisposition to these injuries during participation in ball sports, as the ball hits the fingertip of an extended finger. This compels the distal interphalangeal joint into a forced flexion position and thereby causes an extensor tendon disruption. Most often, such injuries involve the long finger, ring finger, or the little finger of the dominant hand. Frequently these injuries are seen in young to middle-aged men and occasionally in older women as well. […] The two major complications from mallet finger injuries and mallet fractures are residual extensor lag and swan neck deformities. Extensor lag is the flexion deformity that can be noted on physical exam. Swan neck deformities are due to a disruption of the volar plate caused by the disrupted extensor tendon. This results in the distal interphalangeal joint becoming abnormally flexed and the proximal interphalangeal joint remaining in a hyperextended position. Either of these complications can occur following either nonsurgical or surgical management of mallet fractures.

• #31

  https://www.orthobullets.com/hand/6014/mallet-finger

  Mallet Finger is a finger deformity caused by disruption of the terminal extensor tendon distal to DIP joint. […] Epidemiology: Risk factors usually occur in the work environment or during participation in sports. […] Demographics: common in young to middle-aged males and older females. […] Anatomic location: most frequently involves long (most common), ring and small fingers of dominant hand.

• #32 Jersey Finger and Mallet Finger | Musculoskeletal Key

  https://musculoskeletalkey.com/jersey-finger-and-mallet-finger/

  Age: Predominantly in young, active individuals involved in contact sports […] Mallet finger […] Predominantly in young active males involved in contact sports […] Males 1.5 times more affected than females in the general population […] Incidence 10 to 19 year old males 1.2/10,000 per year […] Incidence 10 to 19 year old females 0.5/10,000 per year […] Incidence 20 to 29 year old males 1.5/10,000 per year […] Incidence 20 to 29 year old females 0.4/10,000 per year […] Incidence 30 to 39 year old males 1.3/10,000 per year […] Incidence 30 to 39 year old females 0.5/10,000 per year […] Mallet finger […] Any contact sport such as softball, baseball, football, basketball, or soccer in which the hand is subjected to force from a ball or another player […] Injury is common in any full contact sports, but mallet and jersey fingers represent a small number of traumatic injuries that occur in these sports.

• #33 Mallet Finger Injuries | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/24690

  Mallet finger injuries usually occur in the workplace or during sports-related activities. There is a predisposition to these injuries during participation in ball sports, as the ball hits the fingertip of an extended finger. This compels the distal interphalangeal joint into a forced flexion position and thereby causes an extensor tendon disruption. Most often, such injuries involve the long finger, ring finger, or the little finger of the dominant hand. Frequently these injuries are seen in young to middle-aged men and occasionally in older women as well. […] The diagnosis of a mallet finger is usually a clinical diagnosis. However, to distinguish between mallet finger injuries and mallet fractures, providers should obtain a three-view radiograph of the affected finger. Referring to these radiographs, one will either see a bony avulsion of the distal phalanx as in a mallet fracture, or the radiograph will be normal as in a mallet finger, the latter is due only to a ligamentous injury. […] Mallet finger injuries are best managed by an interprofessional team because the ideal treatment is not known. While conservative treatment with splints is widely used for mild injuries, the outcomes are unpredictable. Surgery is often done but again the results are not optimal.

• #34 Mallet Finger Injuries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459373/

  Mallet finger injuries usually occur in the workplace or during sports-related activities. There is a predisposition to these injuries during participation in ball sports, as the ball hits the fingertip of an extended finger. This compels the distal interphalangeal joint into a forced flexion position and thereby causes an extensor tendon disruption. Most often, such injuries involve the long finger, ring finger, or the little finger of the dominant hand. Frequently these injuries are seen in young to middle-aged men and occasionally in older women as well. […] The two major complications from mallet finger injuries and mallet fractures are residual extensor lag and swan neck deformities. Extensor lag is the flexion deformity that can be noted on physical exam. Swan neck deformities are due to a disruption of the volar plate caused by the disrupted extensor tendon. This results in the distal interphalangeal joint becoming abnormally flexed and the proximal interphalangeal joint remaining in a hyperextended position. Either of these complications can occur following either nonsurgical or surgical management of mallet fractures.

• #35 Mallet Finger Injuries | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/24690

  Mallet finger injuries usually occur in the workplace or during sports-related activities. There is a predisposition to these injuries during participation in ball sports, as the ball hits the fingertip of an extended finger. This compels the distal interphalangeal joint into a forced flexion position and thereby causes an extensor tendon disruption. Most often, such injuries involve the long finger, ring finger, or the little finger of the dominant hand. Frequently these injuries are seen in young to middle-aged men and occasionally in older women as well. […] The diagnosis of a mallet finger is usually a clinical diagnosis. However, to distinguish between mallet finger injuries and mallet fractures, providers should obtain a three-view radiograph of the affected finger. Referring to these radiographs, one will either see a bony avulsion of the distal phalanx as in a mallet fracture, or the radiograph will be normal as in a mallet finger, the latter is due only to a ligamentous injury. […] Mallet finger injuries are best managed by an interprofessional team because the ideal treatment is not known. While conservative treatment with splints is widely used for mild injuries, the outcomes are unpredictable. Surgery is often done but again the results are not optimal.

• #36 Jersey Finger and Mallet Finger | Musculoskeletal Key

  https://musculoskeletalkey.com/jersey-finger-and-mallet-finger/

  Quarrie etal. studied risk factors for injury in rugby players. They found the following factors to be associated with injury rate or time lost to injury: being in a higher grade, cigarette smoking, a history of prior injury, and a body mass index greater than 26.5. This study focused on general injuries of rugby players; it is speculated that similar factors would contribute to flexor or mallet finger in rugby players.

• #37 Mallet Finger Injuries | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/24690

  Mallet finger injuries usually occur in the workplace or during sports-related activities. There is a predisposition to these injuries during participation in ball sports, as the ball hits the fingertip of an extended finger. This compels the distal interphalangeal joint into a forced flexion position and thereby causes an extensor tendon disruption. Most often, such injuries involve the long finger, ring finger, or the little finger of the dominant hand. Frequently these injuries are seen in young to middle-aged men and occasionally in older women as well. […] The diagnosis of a mallet finger is usually a clinical diagnosis. However, to distinguish between mallet finger injuries and mallet fractures, providers should obtain a three-view radiograph of the affected finger. Referring to these radiographs, one will either see a bony avulsion of the distal phalanx as in a mallet fracture, or the radiograph will be normal as in a mallet finger, the latter is due only to a ligamentous injury. […] Mallet finger injuries are best managed by an interprofessional team because the ideal treatment is not known. While conservative treatment with splints is widely used for mild injuries, the outcomes are unpredictable. Surgery is often done but again the results are not optimal.

• #38 Incidence and management of mallet finger in Dutch primary care: a cohort study | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/8/1/bjgpo.2023.0040

  Mallet finger (MF) is diagnosed clinically and can be managed in primary care. The actual incidence of MF and how it is managed in primary care is unknown. […] To determine the incidence of MF in primary care and to obtain estimates for the proportions of osseous and tendon MF. An additional aim was to gain insight into the management of patients diagnosed with MF in primary care. […] In total, 161 cases of MF were identified. The mean incidence was 0.58 per 1000 person-years. […] On average, a Dutch GP assesses 1 patient with MF per year. […] Since only a minimal number of patients required surgical treatment and a limited number of GPs requested radiography, the recommendation in the guidelines to perform radiography in all patients with MF should potentially be reconsidered. […] Currently, there is a clear absence in knowledge on the incidence and management of MF in primary care.

• #39 Incidence and management of mallet finger in Dutch primary care: a cohort study | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/8/1/BJGPO.2023.0040

  Mallet finger (MF) is diagnosed clinically and can be managed in primary care. The actual incidence of MF and how it is managed in primary care is unknown. […] To determine the incidence of MF in primary care and to obtain estimates for the proportions of osseous and tendon MF. An additional aim was to gain insight into the management of patients diagnosed with MF in primary care. […] In total, 161 cases of MF were identified. The mean incidence was 0.58 per 1000 person-years. […] On average, a Dutch GP assesses 1 patient with MF per year. […] Since only a minimal number of patients required surgical treatment and a limited number of GPs requested radiography, the recommendation in the guidelines to perform radiography in all patients with MF should potentially be reconsidered. […] Currently, there is a clear absence in knowledge on the incidence and management of MF in primary care.

• #40 Incidence and management of mallet finger in Dutch primary care: a cohort study | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/8/1/BJGPO.2023.0040

  The objectives of the study were as follows: 1) to determine the incidence of MF in primary care; 2) to obtain estimates for the proportions of osseous and tendon MF; and 3) to gain insight into the management strategies of patients diagnosed with MF in primary care. […] The mean incidence over the study period was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.48 to 0.69) per 1000 person-years. […] To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to determine the mean incidence of MF in primary care, which was 0.58 per 1000 person-years. […] Based on our study, the recommendation in the guidelines to perform radiography in all patients with MF should potentially be reconsidered. […] This study found that, in the Netherlands, a GP sees, on average, one patient per year with MF, and 2% of patients with MF undergo surgery in the first 6 months after initial presentation.

• #41 Incidence and management of mallet finger in Dutch primary care: a cohort study | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/8/1/bjgpo.2023.0040

  The objectives of the study were as follows: 1) to determine the incidence of MF in primary care; 2) to obtain estimates for the proportions of osseous and tendon MF; and 3) to gain insight into the management strategies of patients diagnosed with MF in primary care. […] The mean incidence over the study period was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.48 to 0.69) per 1000 person-years. […] Of the patients with MF, 93% (n = 150) were initially diagnosed and managed by the GP, with the remaining patients diagnosed and managed at the emergency department of a hospital. […] Referral to a secondary care specialist after the initial assessment by the GP was the most applied strategy (45%), followed by conservative treatment in general practice (43%), and referral to a paramedical professional (11%). […] Overall, 2% (n = 4/161) of patients with MF underwent surgery within 6 months of their initial presentation. […] This study found that, in the Netherlands, a GP sees, on average, one patient per year with MF, and 2% of patients with MF undergo surgery in the first 6 months after initial presentation.

• #42 Incidence and management of mallet finger in Dutch primary care: a cohort study | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/8/1/bjgpo.2023.0040

  The objectives of the study were as follows: 1) to determine the incidence of MF in primary care; 2) to obtain estimates for the proportions of osseous and tendon MF; and 3) to gain insight into the management strategies of patients diagnosed with MF in primary care. […] The mean incidence over the study period was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.48 to 0.69) per 1000 person-years. […] Of the patients with MF, 93% (n = 150) were initially diagnosed and managed by the GP, with the remaining patients diagnosed and managed at the emergency department of a hospital. […] Referral to a secondary care specialist after the initial assessment by the GP was the most applied strategy (45%), followed by conservative treatment in general practice (43%), and referral to a paramedical professional (11%). […] Overall, 2% (n = 4/161) of patients with MF underwent surgery within 6 months of their initial presentation. […] This study found that, in the Netherlands, a GP sees, on average, one patient per year with MF, and 2% of patients with MF undergo surgery in the first 6 months after initial presentation.

• #43 Incidence and management of mallet finger in Dutch primary care: a cohort study | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/8/1/bjgpo.2023.0040

  The objectives of the study were as follows: 1) to determine the incidence of MF in primary care; 2) to obtain estimates for the proportions of osseous and tendon MF; and 3) to gain insight into the management strategies of patients diagnosed with MF in primary care. […] The mean incidence over the study period was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.48 to 0.69) per 1000 person-years. […] Of the patients with MF, 93% (n = 150) were initially diagnosed and managed by the GP, with the remaining patients diagnosed and managed at the emergency department of a hospital. […] Referral to a secondary care specialist after the initial assessment by the GP was the most applied strategy (45%), followed by conservative treatment in general practice (43%), and referral to a paramedical professional (11%). […] Overall, 2% (n = 4/161) of patients with MF underwent surgery within 6 months of their initial presentation. […] This study found that, in the Netherlands, a GP sees, on average, one patient per year with MF, and 2% of patients with MF undergo surgery in the first 6 months after initial presentation.

• #44 Incidence and management of mallet finger in Dutch primary care: a cohort study | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/8/1/bjgpo.2023.0040

  The objectives of the study were as follows: 1) to determine the incidence of MF in primary care; 2) to obtain estimates for the proportions of osseous and tendon MF; and 3) to gain insight into the management strategies of patients diagnosed with MF in primary care. […] The mean incidence over the study period was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.48 to 0.69) per 1000 person-years. […] Of the patients with MF, 93% (n = 150) were initially diagnosed and managed by the GP, with the remaining patients diagnosed and managed at the emergency department of a hospital. […] Referral to a secondary care specialist after the initial assessment by the GP was the most applied strategy (45%), followed by conservative treatment in general practice (43%), and referral to a paramedical professional (11%). […] Overall, 2% (n = 4/161) of patients with MF underwent surgery within 6 months of their initial presentation. […] This study found that, in the Netherlands, a GP sees, on average, one patient per year with MF, and 2% of patients with MF undergo surgery in the first 6 months after initial presentation.

• #45 Incidence and management of mallet finger in Dutch primary care: a cohort study | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/8/1/bjgpo.2023.0040

  The objectives of the study were as follows: 1) to determine the incidence of MF in primary care; 2) to obtain estimates for the proportions of osseous and tendon MF; and 3) to gain insight into the management strategies of patients diagnosed with MF in primary care. […] The mean incidence over the study period was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.48 to 0.69) per 1000 person-years. […] Of the patients with MF, 93% (n = 150) were initially diagnosed and managed by the GP, with the remaining patients diagnosed and managed at the emergency department of a hospital. […] Referral to a secondary care specialist after the initial assessment by the GP was the most applied strategy (45%), followed by conservative treatment in general practice (43%), and referral to a paramedical professional (11%). […] Overall, 2% (n = 4/161) of patients with MF underwent surgery within 6 months of their initial presentation. […] This study found that, in the Netherlands, a GP sees, on average, one patient per year with MF, and 2% of patients with MF undergo surgery in the first 6 months after initial presentation.

• #46 Incidence and management of mallet finger in Dutch primary care: a cohort study | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/8/1/bjgpo.2023.0040

  The objectives of the study were as follows: 1) to determine the incidence of MF in primary care; 2) to obtain estimates for the proportions of osseous and tendon MF; and 3) to gain insight into the management strategies of patients diagnosed with MF in primary care. […] The mean incidence over the study period was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.48 to 0.69) per 1000 person-years. […] Of the patients with MF, 93% (n = 150) were initially diagnosed and managed by the GP, with the remaining patients diagnosed and managed at the emergency department of a hospital. […] Referral to a secondary care specialist after the initial assessment by the GP was the most applied strategy (45%), followed by conservative treatment in general practice (43%), and referral to a paramedical professional (11%). […] Overall, 2% (n = 4/161) of patients with MF underwent surgery within 6 months of their initial presentation. […] This study found that, in the Netherlands, a GP sees, on average, one patient per year with MF, and 2% of patients with MF undergo surgery in the first 6 months after initial presentation.

• #47 Incidence and management of mallet finger in Dutch primary care: a cohort study | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/8/1/BJGPO.2023.0040

  The objectives of the study were as follows: 1) to determine the incidence of MF in primary care; 2) to obtain estimates for the proportions of osseous and tendon MF; and 3) to gain insight into the management strategies of patients diagnosed with MF in primary care. […] The mean incidence over the study period was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.48 to 0.69) per 1000 person-years. […] To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to determine the mean incidence of MF in primary care, which was 0.58 per 1000 person-years. […] Based on our study, the recommendation in the guidelines to perform radiography in all patients with MF should potentially be reconsidered. […] This study found that, in the Netherlands, a GP sees, on average, one patient per year with MF, and 2% of patients with MF undergo surgery in the first 6 months after initial presentation.

• #48 Extensor Tendon Injury at the DIP Joint

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Ortho/Hand/ExtnsrTndnInjryAtThDpJnt.htm

  Mallet Finger is the most common closed finger Tendon Injury […] Splints are as effective as surgical repair.

• #49 Outcome Differences between Conservatively Treated Acute Bony and Tendinous Mallet Fingers

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/20/6557

  Mallet finger is a common injury, with an incidence rate of 10 per 100,000 population each year. […] This study aimed to evaluate the differences in outcomes between acute bony and tendinous mallet fingers following conservative treatment with splints. […] Mallet injuries, both tendinous and bony, are common. They are often studied together and typically treated in the same manner using extension splints. However, evidence clearly shows that these are different injuries which present in the same way. […] The results of the present study suggest that bony mallet injuries have better outcomes than tendinous mallet injuries, and that they therefore require a shorter splinting time of 4 weeks, compared with 6–8 weeks for slow-healing tendinous injuries.

• #50 Outcome Differences between Conservatively Treated Acute Bony and Tendinous Mallet Fingers

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/20/6557

  Mallet finger is a common injury, with an incidence rate of 10 per 100,000 population each year. […] This study aimed to evaluate the differences in outcomes between acute bony and tendinous mallet fingers following conservative treatment with splints. […] Mallet injuries, both tendinous and bony, are common. They are often studied together and typically treated in the same manner using extension splints. However, evidence clearly shows that these are different injuries which present in the same way. […] The results of the present study suggest that bony mallet injuries have better outcomes than tendinous mallet injuries, and that they therefore require a shorter splinting time of 4 weeks, compared with 6–8 weeks for slow-healing tendinous injuries.

• #51 Outcome Differences between Conservatively Treated Acute Bony and Tendinous Mallet Fingers

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/20/6557

  Mallet finger is a common injury, with an incidence rate of 10 per 100,000 population each year. […] This study aimed to evaluate the differences in outcomes between acute bony and tendinous mallet fingers following conservative treatment with splints. […] Mallet injuries, both tendinous and bony, are common. They are often studied together and typically treated in the same manner using extension splints. However, evidence clearly shows that these are different injuries which present in the same way. […] The results of the present study suggest that bony mallet injuries have better outcomes than tendinous mallet injuries, and that they therefore require a shorter splinting time of 4 weeks, compared with 6–8 weeks for slow-healing tendinous injuries.

• #52 SciELO Brazil – OUTCOME OF NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT OF MALLET FINGER OUTCOME OF NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT OF MALLET FINGER

  https://www.scielo.br/j/aob/a/FtdrV5SGKVvtkmBQJyNBqwy/?lang=en

  Epidemiologically, this is a common injury with an international prevalence of 9.3% among all tendinous injuries in the body, and incidence of 5.6% among all hand and wrist tendinous injuries. […] Our findings show that patients with 30 of initial angulation, presented RR values as 2.99 (1.73-25.8, IC 95%, p = 0.0059) to develop residual angulation at the end of the conservative treatment. […] The Mexican population has the same epidemiologic frequency in gender, age, most affected hand and finger, as reported worldwide.

• #53 Incidence and management of mallet finger in Dutch primary care: a cohort study | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/8/1/bjgpo.2023.0040

  Mallet finger (MF) is diagnosed clinically and can be managed in primary care. The actual incidence of MF and how it is managed in primary care is unknown. […] To determine the incidence of MF in primary care and to obtain estimates for the proportions of osseous and tendon MF. An additional aim was to gain insight into the management of patients diagnosed with MF in primary care. […] In total, 161 cases of MF were identified. The mean incidence was 0.58 per 1000 person-years. […] On average, a Dutch GP assesses 1 patient with MF per year. […] Since only a minimal number of patients required surgical treatment and a limited number of GPs requested radiography, the recommendation in the guidelines to perform radiography in all patients with MF should potentially be reconsidered. […] Currently, there is a clear absence in knowledge on the incidence and management of MF in primary care.

• #54 Mallet Finger – WikiSM (Sports Medicine Wiki)

  https://wikism.org/Mallet_Finger

  Epidemiology is not well described. […] There is a male predominance in the first 3 decades of life. […] By the 6th decade, the incidence is roughly the same between men and women.

• #55 Incidence and management of mallet finger in Dutch primary care: a cohort study | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/8/1/BJGPO.2023.0040

  The objectives of the study were as follows: 1) to determine the incidence of MF in primary care; 2) to obtain estimates for the proportions of osseous and tendon MF; and 3) to gain insight into the management strategies of patients diagnosed with MF in primary care. […] The mean incidence over the study period was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.48 to 0.69) per 1000 person-years. […] To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to determine the mean incidence of MF in primary care, which was 0.58 per 1000 person-years. […] Based on our study, the recommendation in the guidelines to perform radiography in all patients with MF should potentially be reconsidered. […] This study found that, in the Netherlands, a GP sees, on average, one patient per year with MF, and 2% of patients with MF undergo surgery in the first 6 months after initial presentation.

• #56 Mallet Finger Injuries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459373/

  Mallet finger injuries usually occur in the workplace or during sports-related activities. There is a predisposition to these injuries during participation in ball sports, as the ball hits the fingertip of an extended finger. This compels the distal interphalangeal joint into a forced flexion position and thereby causes an extensor tendon disruption. Most often, such injuries involve the long finger, ring finger, or the little finger of the dominant hand. Frequently these injuries are seen in young to middle-aged men and occasionally in older women as well. […] The two major complications from mallet finger injuries and mallet fractures are residual extensor lag and swan neck deformities. Extensor lag is the flexion deformity that can be noted on physical exam. Swan neck deformities are due to a disruption of the volar plate caused by the disrupted extensor tendon. This results in the distal interphalangeal joint becoming abnormally flexed and the proximal interphalangeal joint remaining in a hyperextended position. Either of these complications can occur following either nonsurgical or surgical management of mallet fractures.

• #57 Comparison of wire versus Nylon in Bonny-Mallet Finger treated with pull-out surgery

  https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2444-054X2022000800023

  The Bony-Mallet finger (BMF) is a widespread synonym for a Zone I extensor tendon lesion. It accompanies an avulsion fracture of the bone tendon insertion. It is a frequent lesion among athletes, and it represents 2% of all hand injuries. When this lesion does not receive adequate treatment, it can result in loss of distal extension, chronic finger pain, subluxation of the distal phalange, deformity of inter-phalangeal articulations, among others. […] The actual recommendation for surgical treatment is when 30% of the articulation is involved. Several techniques for reduction and fixation have been described, with advantages and disadvantages, in each case. The most common techniques used are the pull-out and pull-in, with multiple variants among them. Today, there is no consensus or evidence to recommend one over the other. Pull-out technique appears to need minor dissection, and it may be more replicable. A usual complication of traditional pull-out is the necrosis of the site of the button in the finger pad. Zhang et al. described an alternative way of anchoring the cerclage to the Kirschner Wire (K-wire) to relieve the pressure in the finger pad. In his technique, it describes the use of wire cerclage for fracture reduction. In our experience, wire removal can be laborious. Therefore, we choose nylon as an alternative to our procedures.

• #58 Mallet Finger Injuries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459373/

  Mallet finger injuries usually occur in the workplace or during sports-related activities. There is a predisposition to these injuries during participation in ball sports, as the ball hits the fingertip of an extended finger. This compels the distal interphalangeal joint into a forced flexion position and thereby causes an extensor tendon disruption. Most often, such injuries involve the long finger, ring finger, or the little finger of the dominant hand. Frequently these injuries are seen in young to middle-aged men and occasionally in older women as well. […] The two major complications from mallet finger injuries and mallet fractures are residual extensor lag and swan neck deformities. Extensor lag is the flexion deformity that can be noted on physical exam. Swan neck deformities are due to a disruption of the volar plate caused by the disrupted extensor tendon. This results in the distal interphalangeal joint becoming abnormally flexed and the proximal interphalangeal joint remaining in a hyperextended position. Either of these complications can occur following either nonsurgical or surgical management of mallet fractures.

• #59 Mallet Finger Injuries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459373/

  Mallet finger injuries usually occur in the workplace or during sports-related activities. There is a predisposition to these injuries during participation in ball sports, as the ball hits the fingertip of an extended finger. This compels the distal interphalangeal joint into a forced flexion position and thereby causes an extensor tendon disruption. Most often, such injuries involve the long finger, ring finger, or the little finger of the dominant hand. Frequently these injuries are seen in young to middle-aged men and occasionally in older women as well. […] The two major complications from mallet finger injuries and mallet fractures are residual extensor lag and swan neck deformities. Extensor lag is the flexion deformity that can be noted on physical exam. Swan neck deformities are due to a disruption of the volar plate caused by the disrupted extensor tendon. This results in the distal interphalangeal joint becoming abnormally flexed and the proximal interphalangeal joint remaining in a hyperextended position. Either of these complications can occur following either nonsurgical or surgical management of mallet fractures.

• #60 Comparison of wire versus Nylon in Bonny-Mallet Finger treated with pull-out surgery

  https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2444-054X2022000800023

  The Bony-Mallet finger (BMF) is a widespread synonym for a Zone I extensor tendon lesion. It accompanies an avulsion fracture of the bone tendon insertion. It is a frequent lesion among athletes, and it represents 2% of all hand injuries. When this lesion does not receive adequate treatment, it can result in loss of distal extension, chronic finger pain, subluxation of the distal phalange, deformity of inter-phalangeal articulations, among others. […] The actual recommendation for surgical treatment is when 30% of the articulation is involved. Several techniques for reduction and fixation have been described, with advantages and disadvantages, in each case. The most common techniques used are the pull-out and pull-in, with multiple variants among them. Today, there is no consensus or evidence to recommend one over the other. Pull-out technique appears to need minor dissection, and it may be more replicable. A usual complication of traditional pull-out is the necrosis of the site of the button in the finger pad. Zhang et al. described an alternative way of anchoring the cerclage to the Kirschner Wire (K-wire) to relieve the pressure in the finger pad. In his technique, it describes the use of wire cerclage for fracture reduction. In our experience, wire removal can be laborious. Therefore, we choose nylon as an alternative to our procedures.

• #61 Comparison of wire versus Nylon in Bonny-Mallet Finger treated with pull-out surgery

  https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2444-054X2022000800023

  The Bony-Mallet finger (BMF) is a widespread synonym for a Zone I extensor tendon lesion. It accompanies an avulsion fracture of the bone tendon insertion. It is a frequent lesion among athletes, and it represents 2% of all hand injuries. When this lesion does not receive adequate treatment, it can result in loss of distal extension, chronic finger pain, subluxation of the distal phalange, deformity of inter-phalangeal articulations, among others. […] The actual recommendation for surgical treatment is when 30% of the articulation is involved. Several techniques for reduction and fixation have been described, with advantages and disadvantages, in each case. The most common techniques used are the pull-out and pull-in, with multiple variants among them. Today, there is no consensus or evidence to recommend one over the other. Pull-out technique appears to need minor dissection, and it may be more replicable. A usual complication of traditional pull-out is the necrosis of the site of the button in the finger pad. Zhang et al. described an alternative way of anchoring the cerclage to the Kirschner Wire (K-wire) to relieve the pressure in the finger pad. In his technique, it describes the use of wire cerclage for fracture reduction. In our experience, wire removal can be laborious. Therefore, we choose nylon as an alternative to our procedures.

• #62 Comparison of wire versus Nylon in Bonny-Mallet Finger treated with pull-out surgery

  https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2444-054X2022000800023

  The Bony-Mallet finger (BMF) is a widespread synonym for a Zone I extensor tendon lesion. It accompanies an avulsion fracture of the bone tendon insertion. It is a frequent lesion among athletes, and it represents 2% of all hand injuries. When this lesion does not receive adequate treatment, it can result in loss of distal extension, chronic finger pain, subluxation of the distal phalange, deformity of inter-phalangeal articulations, among others. […] The actual recommendation for surgical treatment is when 30% of the articulation is involved. Several techniques for reduction and fixation have been described, with advantages and disadvantages, in each case. The most common techniques used are the pull-out and pull-in, with multiple variants among them. Today, there is no consensus or evidence to recommend one over the other. Pull-out technique appears to need minor dissection, and it may be more replicable. A usual complication of traditional pull-out is the necrosis of the site of the button in the finger pad. Zhang et al. described an alternative way of anchoring the cerclage to the Kirschner Wire (K-wire) to relieve the pressure in the finger pad. In his technique, it describes the use of wire cerclage for fracture reduction. In our experience, wire removal can be laborious. Therefore, we choose nylon as an alternative to our procedures.

• #63 Mallet Finger Injuries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459373/

  Mallet finger injuries usually occur in the workplace or during sports-related activities. There is a predisposition to these injuries during participation in ball sports, as the ball hits the fingertip of an extended finger. This compels the distal interphalangeal joint into a forced flexion position and thereby causes an extensor tendon disruption. Most often, such injuries involve the long finger, ring finger, or the little finger of the dominant hand. Frequently these injuries are seen in young to middle-aged men and occasionally in older women as well. […] The two major complications from mallet finger injuries and mallet fractures are residual extensor lag and swan neck deformities. Extensor lag is the flexion deformity that can be noted on physical exam. Swan neck deformities are due to a disruption of the volar plate caused by the disrupted extensor tendon. This results in the distal interphalangeal joint becoming abnormally flexed and the proximal interphalangeal joint remaining in a hyperextended position. Either of these complications can occur following either nonsurgical or surgical management of mallet fractures.

• #64 Mallet Finger Injuries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459373/

  Mallet finger injuries are best managed by an interprofessional team because the ideal treatment is not known. While conservative treatment with splints is widely used for mild injuries, the outcomes are unpredictable. Surgery is often done but again the results are not optimal. The nurse practitioner, emergency department physician, and primary care provider may need to refer these patients to a hand or plastic surgeon for further evaluation. Poorly treated mallet finger injuries are associated with high morbidity.

• #65 Comparison of wire versus Nylon in Bonny-Mallet Finger treated with pull-out surgery

  https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2444-054X2022000800023

  To the best of our knowledge, there is no prior evidence comparing wire versus nylon in the pull-out technique and therefore, no evidence of the advantages and disadvantages among them. We found this topic to be, feasible, noteworthy, novel, ethical, and relevant. This paper aims to perform a comparison between wire and nylon in patients with BMF using Zhang pull out technique. […] Every year there is an incidence of hand injury of 1500 cases in 100,000 inhabitants. Mallets fingers are 2%, around 30 cases for 100,000 inhabitants. In Mexico City are 8.9 million people and 365,000 inhabitants in the Miguel Hidalgo municipality. From those data, it can be assumed that 90 cases/year could be reported with mallet finger. […] When comparing the outcomes between both groups no statistical difference was found between duration of the procedure, cosmetic satisfaction, stiffness and residual pain, overall complications, or Crawford scale. We only found a significant statistical difference in pain when removing the cerclage, greater in patients with wire cerclage.

• #66 Mallet Finger Injuries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459373/

  Mallet finger injuries are best managed by an interprofessional team because the ideal treatment is not known. While conservative treatment with splints is widely used for mild injuries, the outcomes are unpredictable. Surgery is often done but again the results are not optimal. The nurse practitioner, emergency department physician, and primary care provider may need to refer these patients to a hand or plastic surgeon for further evaluation. Poorly treated mallet finger injuries are associated with high morbidity.

• #67 Mallet Finger Injuries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459373/

  Mallet finger injuries are best managed by an interprofessional team because the ideal treatment is not known. While conservative treatment with splints is widely used for mild injuries, the outcomes are unpredictable. Surgery is often done but again the results are not optimal. The nurse practitioner, emergency department physician, and primary care provider may need to refer these patients to a hand or plastic surgeon for further evaluation. Poorly treated mallet finger injuries are associated with high morbidity.

• #68 Mallet Finger Injuries | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/24690

  Mallet finger injuries usually occur in the workplace or during sports-related activities. There is a predisposition to these injuries during participation in ball sports, as the ball hits the fingertip of an extended finger. This compels the distal interphalangeal joint into a forced flexion position and thereby causes an extensor tendon disruption. Most often, such injuries involve the long finger, ring finger, or the little finger of the dominant hand. Frequently these injuries are seen in young to middle-aged men and occasionally in older women as well. […] The diagnosis of a mallet finger is usually a clinical diagnosis. However, to distinguish between mallet finger injuries and mallet fractures, providers should obtain a three-view radiograph of the affected finger. Referring to these radiographs, one will either see a bony avulsion of the distal phalanx as in a mallet fracture, or the radiograph will be normal as in a mallet finger, the latter is due only to a ligamentous injury. […] Mallet finger injuries are best managed by an interprofessional team because the ideal treatment is not known. While conservative treatment with splints is widely used for mild injuries, the outcomes are unpredictable. Surgery is often done but again the results are not optimal.

• #69 Comparison of wire versus Nylon in Bonny-Mallet Finger treated with pull-out surgery

  https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2444-054X2022000800023

  The Bony-Mallet finger (BMF) is a widespread synonym for a Zone I extensor tendon lesion. It accompanies an avulsion fracture of the bone tendon insertion. It is a frequent lesion among athletes, and it represents 2% of all hand injuries. When this lesion does not receive adequate treatment, it can result in loss of distal extension, chronic finger pain, subluxation of the distal phalange, deformity of inter-phalangeal articulations, among others. […] The actual recommendation for surgical treatment is when 30% of the articulation is involved. Several techniques for reduction and fixation have been described, with advantages and disadvantages, in each case. The most common techniques used are the pull-out and pull-in, with multiple variants among them. Today, there is no consensus or evidence to recommend one over the other. Pull-out technique appears to need minor dissection, and it may be more replicable. A usual complication of traditional pull-out is the necrosis of the site of the button in the finger pad. Zhang et al. described an alternative way of anchoring the cerclage to the Kirschner Wire (K-wire) to relieve the pressure in the finger pad. In his technique, it describes the use of wire cerclage for fracture reduction. In our experience, wire removal can be laborious. Therefore, we choose nylon as an alternative to our procedures.

• #70 Incidence and management of mallet finger in Dutch primary care: a cohort study | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/8/1/bjgpo.2023.0040

  Mallet finger (MF) is diagnosed clinically and can be managed in primary care. The actual incidence of MF and how it is managed in primary care is unknown. […] To determine the incidence of MF in primary care and to obtain estimates for the proportions of osseous and tendon MF. An additional aim was to gain insight into the management of patients diagnosed with MF in primary care. […] In total, 161 cases of MF were identified. The mean incidence was 0.58 per 1000 person-years. […] On average, a Dutch GP assesses 1 patient with MF per year. […] Since only a minimal number of patients required surgical treatment and a limited number of GPs requested radiography, the recommendation in the guidelines to perform radiography in all patients with MF should potentially be reconsidered. […] Currently, there is a clear absence in knowledge on the incidence and management of MF in primary care.

• #71 Incidence and management of mallet finger in Dutch primary care: a cohort study | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/8/1/BJGPO.2023.0040

  The objectives of the study were as follows: 1) to determine the incidence of MF in primary care; 2) to obtain estimates for the proportions of osseous and tendon MF; and 3) to gain insight into the management strategies of patients diagnosed with MF in primary care. […] The mean incidence over the study period was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.48 to 0.69) per 1000 person-years. […] To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to determine the mean incidence of MF in primary care, which was 0.58 per 1000 person-years. […] Based on our study, the recommendation in the guidelines to perform radiography in all patients with MF should potentially be reconsidered. […] This study found that, in the Netherlands, a GP sees, on average, one patient per year with MF, and 2% of patients with MF undergo surgery in the first 6 months after initial presentation.

• #72 Comparison of wire versus Nylon in Bonny-Mallet Finger treated with pull-out surgery

  https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2444-054X2022000800023

  To the best of our knowledge, there is no prior evidence comparing wire versus nylon in the pull-out technique and therefore, no evidence of the advantages and disadvantages among them. We found this topic to be, feasible, noteworthy, novel, ethical, and relevant. This paper aims to perform a comparison between wire and nylon in patients with BMF using Zhang pull out technique. […] Every year there is an incidence of hand injury of 1500 cases in 100,000 inhabitants. Mallets fingers are 2%, around 30 cases for 100,000 inhabitants. In Mexico City are 8.9 million people and 365,000 inhabitants in the Miguel Hidalgo municipality. From those data, it can be assumed that 90 cases/year could be reported with mallet finger. […] When comparing the outcomes between both groups no statistical difference was found between duration of the procedure, cosmetic satisfaction, stiffness and residual pain, overall complications, or Crawford scale. We only found a significant statistical difference in pain when removing the cerclage, greater in patients with wire cerclage.

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