Osobowość borderline
Leczenie

Osobowość borderline (BPD) to złożone zaburzenie charakteryzujące się niestabilnością emocjonalną, relacji interpersonalnych oraz impulsywnością. Podstawą leczenia jest psychoterapia, z dialektyczną terapią behawioralną (DBT) uznawaną za „złoty standard” i jedyną empirycznie potwierdzoną metodę, która skutecznie redukuje samookaleczenia, zachowania samobójcze i impulsywność. Inne efektywne metody to terapia oparta na mentalizacji (MBT), terapia poznawczo-behawioralna (CBT) oraz terapia skoncentrowana na schematach (SFT). Farmakoterapia pełni rolę uzupełniającą, głównie w leczeniu współistniejących zaburzeń, takich jak depresja czy lęk, jednak nie istnieją leki zatwierdzone specjalnie do leczenia BPD. Zaleca się unikanie leków o wysokim ryzyku uzależnienia i zwiększonej śmiertelności w przedawkowaniu (np. benzodiazepiny, trójpierścieniowe leki przeciwdepresyjne). Leczenie jest długoterminowe i wymaga indywidualnego podejścia, uwzględniającego historię życia pacjenta oraz współwystępujące zaburzenia.

  1. Leczenie osobowości borderline – wprowadzenie
  2. Psychoterapia jako podstawa leczenia osobowości borderline
    1. Dialektyczna terapia behawioralna (DBT)
    2. Terapia oparta na mentalizacji (MBT)
    3. Terapia poznawczo-behawioralna (CBT)
    4. Terapia skupiona na schematach (SFT)
    5. Inne formy psychoterapii w leczeniu BPD
  3. Farmakoterapia w leczeniu osobowości borderline
  4. Kompleksowe podejście do leczenia osobowości borderline
    1. Wyniki leczenia osobowości borderline
  5. Nowoczesne podejścia do leczenia BPD
    1. Modele opieki ogólnej
  6. Podsumowanie leczenia osobowości borderline
    1. Kolejne rozdziały

Leczenie osobowości borderline – wprowadzenie

Osobowość borderline (Borderline Personality Disorder, BPD) to złożone zaburzenie psychiczne charakteryzujące się niestabilnością relacji interpersonalnych, obrazu siebie i emocji oraz impulsywnością. Podstawową metodą leczenia BPD jest psychoterapia, podczas gdy farmakoterapia pełni rolę uzupełniającą. Pacjenci z BPD często korzystają z opieki zdrowia psychicznego, a zaburzenie to jest jednym z najszerzej badanych zaburzeń osobowości. Mimo intensywnych badań i dostępnych metod leczenia, osoby z BPD nadal doświadczają znacznej chorobowości i śmiertelności1.

Obecnie istnieją liczne dowody na skuteczność psychoterapii w leczeniu osób z BPD, które wskazują, że zarówno kompleksowe, jak i mniej intensywne interwencje psychoterapeutyczne mogą przynosić korzystne efekty. Osoby z diagnozą BPD często zmagają się z wieloma trudnościami, takimi jak samookaleczenia, zaburzenia odżywiania, uzależnienia i inne problemy zagrażające ogólnemu zdrowiu12.

Ważne jest, aby zdawać sobie sprawę, że BPD to poważna diagnoza, która nie ustępuje sama z siebie. Pacjenci wymagają współpracy z wykwalifikowanymi, troskliwymi specjalistami, którzy rozumieją mechanizmy BPD i tworzą plan leczenia oparty na unikalnym wzorcu historii życia i objawach pacjenta1.

Psychoterapia jako podstawa leczenia osobowości borderline

Psychoterapia (tzw. terapia rozmową) jest głównym sposobem leczenia osobowości borderline. Celem terapii jest pomoc w zrozumieniu motywacji i lęków związanych z myślami i zachowaniami oraz nauka budowania bardziej pozytywnych relacji z innymi1. Aktualne badania sugerują, że psychoterapia może złagodzić niektóre objawy, choć potrzeba dalszych badań, aby lepiej zrozumieć jej skuteczność1.

Leczenie BPD zwykle obejmuje różne rodzaje psychoterapii, prowadzone przez specjalistów w ramach zespołu opieki zdrowia psychicznego. Terapia może odbywać się indywidualnie lub w grupach. Psychoterapia pomaga lepiej zrozumieć, jak myślisz i czujesz, a także sugeruje sposoby rozwiązywania problemów i, jeśli to konieczne, pomaga zmienić postawy i zachowania1.

Psychoterapia w leczeniu BPD powinna być prowadzona tylko przez przeszkolonego specjalistę – zazwyczaj psychiatrę, psychologa lub innego wykwalifikowanego pracownika ochrony zdrowia psychicznego. Rodzaj psychoterapii może zależeć od osobistych preferencji oraz dostępności określonych metod leczenia w danym regionie. Leczenie BPD może trwać rok lub dłużej, w zależności od potrzeb i stylu życia pacjenta1.

Dialektyczna terapia behawioralna (DBT)

Dialektyczna terapia behawioralna (DBT) jest obecnie jedyną empirycznie potwierdzoną terapią dla BPD1. Została ona opracowana specjalnie dla osób z BPD przez dr Marshę Linehan i jest uważana za „złoty standard” w leczeniu tego zaburzenia12.

DBT łączy elementy terapii poznawczo-behawioralnej z koncepcjami uważności i akceptacji, aby pomóc pacjentom w rozwijaniu umiejętności radzenia sobie z trudnymi emocjami i poprawić relacje z innymi. Wprowadza dwa ważne pojęcia: walidację (akceptowanie emocji jako uzasadnionych i rzeczywistych) oraz dialektykę (zrozumienie, że większość rzeczy w życiu rzadko jest „czarno-biała”)1.

Tradycyjna DBT składa się z czterech komponentów1:

  • Trening umiejętności grupowych – uczy zarządzania deficytami behawioralnymi typowymi dla pacjentów z BPD, takimi jak niestabilne poczucie własnego ja, chaotyczne relacje, lęk przed porzuceniem, labilność emocjonalna i impulsywność1
  • Indywidualna psychoterapia – koncentruje się na zachowaniach parasuicydalnych, zachowaniach zakłócających terapię, zachowaniach zakłócających jakość życia, nabywaniu umiejętności behawioralnych, zachowaniach związanych ze stresem pourazowym i zachowaniach związanych z szacunkiem do siebie2
  • Konsultacje telefoniczne – umożliwiają pacjentowi kontakt z terapeutą w celu uzyskania wskazówek w bieżących sytuacjach kryzysowych3
  • Zespół konsultacyjny terapeutów – zapewnia motywację i zaangażowanie wszystkich specjalistów w celu zapewnienia optymalnego leczenia4

DBT uczy umiejętności kontrolowania emocji, tolerowania stresu, poprawy relacji międzyludzkich oraz uważności. Badania wykazały, że DBT jest skuteczna w zmniejszaniu samookaleczenia, zachowań samobójczych, impulsywności, subiektywnie ocenianej złości oraz korzystania z usług interwencji kryzysowej wśród pacjentów z osobowością borderline1.

W randomizowanych badaniach klinicznych DBT okazała się skuteczniejsza niż zwykłe leczenie w redukcji zachowań samobójczych i samookaleczających, przerywania leczenia, hospitalizacji oraz samooceny złości i lękowych ruminacji1.

Terapia oparta na mentalizacji (MBT)

Terapia oparta na mentalizacji (Mentalization-Based Therapy, MBT) to rodzaj długoterminowej psychoterapii wykorzystywanej w leczeniu BPD1. Jej celem jest poprawa zdolności pacjenta do rozpoznawania własnych i cudzych stanów psychicznych, nauka „robienia kroku wstecz” od swoich myśli o sobie i innych oraz badanie ich zasadności1.

MBT pomaga rozwinąć zdolność samoregulacji poprzez psychodynamicznie zorientowany multimodalny program leczenia, który łączy psychoterapię grupową i indywidualną w kontekście wspólnoty terapeutycznej, hospitalizacji częściowej lub ambulatoryjnej1.

Mentalizacja pomaga zrozumieć zachowania innych ludzi i własne reakcje na nie, co pozwala przyjąć bardziej zrównoważony pogląd na to, co może dziać się w umysłach innych osób1. Przegląd z 2019 roku wykazał, że MBT może być równie skuteczna jak inne terapie dla BPD2.

Terapia poznawczo-behawioralna (CBT)

Terapia poznawczo-behawioralna (CBT) pomaga osobom z BPD zmienić przekonania wynikające z zniekształconych sposobów postrzegania rzeczywistości. Może również pomóc w problemach związanych z relacjami międzyludzkimi. Celem jest nauka identyfikowania negatywnych myśli i radzenia sobie z nimi1.

CBT jest ustrukturyzowaną, zorientowaną na cel terapią, która koncentruje się na zmianie niehelpowych wzorców myślenia i zachowania. Pomaga w rozwijaniu umiejętności radzenia sobie z emocjami, rozpoznawania problemowych zachowań i redukcji impulsywności1.

Leczenie może zmniejszyć wahania nastroju i poziom lęku, a także zmniejszyć prawdopodobieństwo samookaleczenia lub prób samobójczych2. CBT jest jedną z najszerzej stosowanych i ugruntowanych metod psychologicznego leczenia zaburzeń psychicznych, choć w przypadku BPD okazała się mniej skuteczna ze względu na trudności w nawiązaniu relacji terapeutycznej i przestrzeganiu zasad terapii1.

Terapia skupiona na schematach (SFT)

Terapia skupiona na schematach (Schema-Focused Therapy, SFT) łączy elementy CBT z innymi formami psychoterapii, które koncentrują się na przeformułowaniu schematów, czyli sposobów, w jakie ludzie postrzegają siebie1.

Jest to integracyjne podejście oparte na technikach poznawczo-behawioralnych lub umiejętnościowych w połączeniu z podejściami relacji z obiektem i Gestalt. Ograniczone najnowsze badania sugerują, że jest znacznie bardziej skuteczna niż psychoterapia oparta na przeniesieniu, gdzie połowa osób z BPD osiągnęła pełne wyzdrowienie po czterech latach, a dwie trzecie wykazało klinicznie znaczącą poprawę2.

Badania pilotażowe sugerują, że grupowa SFT ma obiecujące wyniki jako terapia dla BPD3. Jedno z badań wykazało, że osoby uczestniczące w SFT dla BPD doświadczyły zwiększonego wglądu, poprawy pewności siebie i zwiększonej elastyczności poznawczej związanej z rozważaniem alternatywnych perspektyw i większą życzliwością wobec siebie1.

Inne formy psychoterapii w leczeniu BPD

Oprócz wyżej wymienionych metod, w leczeniu BPD stosuje się również inne formy psychoterapii:

  • Psychoterapia psychodynamiczna (PP) – różne rodzaje psychoterapii wywodzące się z psychoanalizy1
  • Psychoterapia skupiona na przeniesieniu (TFP) – forma psychoterapii psychoanalitycznej wywodząca się z lat 60. XX wieku, zakorzeniona w koncepcjach Otto Kernberga na temat BPD i jego struktury2
  • Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) – 20-tygodniowy program leczenia, w którym pacjent pracuje w grupach obejmujących członków rodziny, opiekunów, przyjaciół lub inne ważne osoby. STEPPS jest stosowany jako uzupełnienie innych rodzajów terapii rozmową1
  • Terapia artystyczna lub kreatywna – może obejmować arteterapię, terapię tańcem i ruchem, dramaterapię, muzykoterapię. Terapie te mają na celu pomóc osobom, które mają trudności z wyrażaniem swoich myśli i uczuć werbalnie1

Farmakoterapia w leczeniu osobowości borderline

Amerykańska Agencja ds. Żywności i Leków (FDA) nie zatwierdziła żadnych leków specjalnie do leczenia osobowości borderline. Jednak niektóre leki mogą pomóc w łagodzeniu objawów i towarzyszących BPD stanów, takich jak depresja, impulsywność, agresja czy lęk2.

Eksperci są podzieleni co do przydatności farmakoterapii w leczeniu BPD. Według wytycznych brytyjskiego National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), leki nie powinny być stosowane specjalnie do leczenia BPD ani do leczenia poszczególnych objawów lub zachowań związanych z tym zaburzeniem2.

Niemniej jednak istnieją dowody, że farmakoterapia może być przydatna w przypadku określonych problemów u niektórych osób. Leki często stosowane w leczeniu BPD obejmują1:

  • Leki przeciwdepresyjne – szczególnie selektywne inhibitory wychwytu serotoniny (SSRI), mogą pomóc w łagodzeniu objawów depresji i lęku1
  • Leki przeciwpsychotyczne – zwłaszcza atypowe, mogą być pomocne w redukcji objawów psychotycznych i impulsywności2
  • Stabilizatory nastroju – mogą pomóc w kontrolowaniu wahań nastroju2

Przegląd Cochrane wykazał, że leki przeciwdepresyjne nie zmniejszały istotnie ogólnego nasilenia BPD ani nie poprawiały impulsywności i zachowań samobójczych, przy czym fluoksetyna była nawet związana ze wzrostem myśli samobójczych1.

Chociaż leki są często przepisywane w BPD, ich rola różni się znacznie od roli w pierwotnych zaburzeniach nastroju, lękowych czy psychotycznych. Leki powinny być stosowane głównie w leczeniu współistniejących chorób, takich jak depresja i lęk, a nie jako bezpośrednie leczenie objawów BPD2.

Należy unikać leków wysokiego ryzyka, w tym tych o wysokim potencjale uzależniającym (np. benzodiazepiny) i tych o zwiększonej śmiertelności w przypadku przedawkowania (np. trójpierścieniowe leki przeciwdepresyjne lub inhibitory MAO), ze względu na zwiększone ryzyko zachowań uzależniających i samobójczych u pacjentów z BPD3.

Kompleksowe podejście do leczenia osobowości borderline

Skuteczne leczenie BPD wymaga kompleksowego podejścia, z psychoterapią jako podstawą, wspieraną przez rozważne stosowanie leków i rozważenie interwencji integracyjnych, takich jak ćwiczenia fizyczne i suplementacja kwasów omega-34.

Większość planów leczenia BPD łączy kilka opcji terapeutycznych. Pomaga to zarządzać objawami przy jednoczesnym budowaniu strategii radzenia sobie1. Leczenie może odbywać się w różnych kontekstach:

  • Wspólnoty terapeutyczne – ustrukturyzowane środowiska, w których osoby z różnymi złożonymi schorzeniami psychologicznymi spotykają się, aby wchodzić w interakcje i uczestniczyć w terapii2
  • Hospitalizacja – może być konieczna w czasie kryzysu, aby zapewnić bezpieczeństwo podczas stanów suicydalnych lub epizodów samookaleczenia1
  • Terapia rodzinna – może pomóc członkom rodziny zredefiniować role w systemie rodzinnym, nauczyć się wspierać nawzajem w zdrowy sposób i poprawić komunikację1

Badania pokazują, że leczenie BPD może prowadzić do długotrwałej remisji objawów. Skuteczne leczenie BPD pomaga odkryć i leczyć traumatyczne doświadczenia, a jednocześnie wspiera pacjentów w znajdowaniu nowych sposobów regulacji emocji i nastrojów1.

Ważnym elementem jest także leczenie schorzeń współwystępujących, ponieważ osoby z BPD często cierpią na inne zaburzenia psychiczne, takie jak depresja czy zespół stresu pourazowego. Badania pokazują, że leczenie osobowości borderline może prowadzić do zmniejszenia objawów tych współwystępujących chorób1.

Wyniki leczenia osobowości borderline

Nauka zarządzania emocjami, myślami i zachowaniami wymaga czasu. Większość osób odnotowuje znaczną poprawę, ale niektórzy nadal zmagają się z pewnymi objawami BPD. Mogą występować okresy, gdy objawy są lepsze lub gorsze. Jednak leczenie może ułatwić funkcjonowanie i pomóc lepiej czuć się ze sobą1.

Terapia może prowadzić do długotrwałej remisji, w której objawy BPD są znacznie lub całkowicie złagodzone4. Jedna z badań wykazała, że 77% osób z BPD nie spełniało już kryteriów diagnostycznych po zaledwie roku leczenia DBT2.

Z odpowiednim leczeniem osoby z BPD mogą prowadzić zdrowe, produktywne i satysfakcjonujące życie1. Występuje coraz więcej dowodów na to, że właściwe leczenie może znacznie poprawić rokowanie, zwłaszcza jeśli zaburzenie zostanie wcześnie zdiagnozowane1.

Najbardziej skuteczne wyniki leczenia są związane z silną i opartą na zaufaniu relacją terapeutyczną5. Masz największe szanse na sukces, gdy współpracujesz ze specjalistą w dziedzinie zdrowia psychicznego, który ma doświadczenie w leczeniu osobowości borderline2.

Nowoczesne podejścia do leczenia BPD

Badania nad leczeniem BPD prowadzą do uproszczenia intensywnych pakietów terapeutycznych, które można szerzej i praktyczniej wdrażać w większości środowisk terapeutycznych poprzez modele opieki ogólnej i uproszczone formy intensywnych terapii (np. zarządzanie przypadkami w połączeniu z grupami treningu umiejętności DBT)1.

Dzięki nowszym, mniej intensywnym formom skutecznego leczenia BPD, które są bardziej dostępne, istnieje nadzieja, że ogólny standard opieki dla tych złożonych pacjentów może zostać poprawiony1.

Rozwijane są również nowe podejścia, takie jak adaptacja DBT do leczenia zespołu stresu pourazowego (PTSD) współwystępującego z BPD, co stanowi istotny postęp w ostatnich 5 latach2.

Modele opieki ogólnej

Jednym z nowszych kierunków w leczeniu BPD jest rozwijanie modeli opieki ogólnej (generalist care models), które mogą być realizowane przez klinicystów ogólnych bez specjalistycznego szkolenia w zakresie BPD1.

Przykładem takiego modelu jest Good Psychiatric Management (GPM), oparty na modelu zarządzania przypadkami, gdzie interwencje polegają na zdrowym rozsądku i są łatwe do nauczenia przez klinicystów ogólnych. GPM priorytetowo traktuje osiągnięcie stabilnego funkcjonowania zawodowego przed relacjami romantycznymi, a także poprawę funkcjonowania społecznego nad konkretnymi objawami2.

Innym przykładem jest Structured Clinical Management (SCM), opracowany w Wielkiej Brytanii, podobny do GPM, odzwierciedlający najlepsze ogólne leczenie psychiatryczne, które jest możliwe do zastosowania przez ogólnych klinicystów zdrowia psychicznego przy minimalnym dodatkowym szkoleniu3.

Podsumowanie leczenia osobowości borderline

Leczenie osobowości borderline powinno być dostosowane do indywidualnych potrzeb pacjenta, biorąc pod uwagę jego unikalną historię życia, objawy i współwystępujące zaburzenia. Podstawową metodą leczenia jest psychoterapia, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dialektycznej terapii behawioralnej (DBT), terapii opartej na mentalizacji (MBT), terapii poznawczo-behawioralnej (CBT) i terapii skoncentrowanej na schematach (SFT).

Farmakoterapia może pełnić rolę uzupełniającą, szczególnie w leczeniu współwystępujących zaburzeń, takich jak depresja czy lęk, choć nie istnieją leki zatwierdzone specyficznie do leczenia BPD. Ważne jest kompleksowe podejście, które może obejmować również terapię rodzinną, wspólnoty terapeutyczne czy krótkotrwałą hospitalizację w sytuacjach kryzysowych.

Pomimo wcześniejszych przekonań, że BPD jest zaburzeniem nieuleczalnym, współczesne badania pokazują, że osoby z tym rozpoznaniem mogą osiągnąć znaczną poprawę, a nawet remisję objawów przy odpowiednim leczeniu. Kluczem do sukcesu jest współpraca ze specjalistami doświadczonymi w leczeniu BPD oraz konsekwentne przestrzeganie zaleceń terapeutycznych.

Postępy w badaniach nad BPD prowadzą do opracowywania bardziej dostępnych, mniej intensywnych form leczenia, co daje nadzieję na poprawę standardu opieki dla osób z tym złożonym zaburzeniem psychicznym.

Kolejne rozdziały

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  1. 09.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Borderline personality disorder: Treatment overview – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/borderline-personality-disorder-treatment-overview
    Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and by impulsivity. Patients with BPD often receive mental health treatment. The disorder is more widely studied than any other personality disorder. Despite these efforts, patients with BPD continue to suffer considerable morbidity and mortality. […] First-line treatment for BPD is psychotherapy. Adjunctive use of symptom targeted medications has been found to be useful. […] Management of borderline personality disorder is guided by principles derived from our and others’ clinical experience. Evaluate the accuracy of all psychiatric diagnoses, as patients with personality disorders are sometimes misdiagnosed.
  • #1 Management of borderline personality disorder – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_borderline_personality_disorder
    The mainstay of management of borderline personality disorder is various forms of psychotherapy with medications being found to be of little use. […] There is growing evidence for the role of psychotherapy in the treatment of people with BPD, with indications that both comprehensive and non-comprehensive psychotherapeutic interventions may have a beneficial effect. […] Supportive therapy alone may enhance self-esteem and mobilize the existing strengths of individuals with BPD. […] Specific psychotherapies may involve sessions over several months or, as is particularly common for personality disorders, several years. […] Group therapy can aid the learning and practice of interpersonal skills and self-awareness by individuals with BPD, though drop-out rates may be problematic. […] DBT was originally developed as an intervention for patients who meet criteria for BPD and particularly those who are highly suicidal.
  • #1 Borderline Personality Disorder: Symptoms and Treatment – SunCloud Health
    https://suncloudhealth.com/treatment/borderline-personality/
    You may have heard that borderline personality disorder is difficult to treat. Fortunately, there are newer treatments that are helping people with BPD live more stable, satisfying lives. […] The important thing to know is that BPD is a serious diagnosis that does not go away on its own. You or your loved one will need to work with knowledgeable, caring professionals who understand how BPD works and will create a treatment plan based on the unique pattern of your life history and symptoms. […] Most people suffering from borderline personality disorder will enter talk therapy with a professional who will provide one-on-one treatment or group treatment. Therapist-led group sessions help people with BPD learn to work well with others and express their feelings more effectively. […] Specific forms of psychotherapy used to treat BPD may include: Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). This type of therapy uses concepts of mindfulness and acceptance to help you tune in to your own feelings. DBT also teaches specific skills, such as ways to control intense emotions, reduce harmful behaviors and improve relationships.
  • #1 Borderline Personality Disorder: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9762-borderline-personality-disorder-bpd
    Talk therapy is the main treatment for BPD. […] BPD historically has been challenging to treat. But with newer, evidence-based treatment, many people with borderline personality disorder experience fewer and less severe symptoms, improved functioning and better quality of life. […] Treatment may include psychotherapy (talk therapy), medications or both. […] Psychotherapy (talk therapy) is the treatment of choice for borderline personality disorder. The goal of treatment is to help you uncover the motivations and fears associated with your thoughts and behavior and to help you learn to relate to others more positively. […] Types of therapy that can help treat BPD include: Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT): This type of therapy was developed specifically for people with BPD. DBT focuses on helping you accept the reality of your life and your behaviors, as well as helping you learn to change your life, including unhelpful behaviors.
  • #1 Borderline Personality Disorder: Treatment – Company EAP | Anthem
    https://www.anthemeap.com/company-guest/emotional-wellness/mental-health/articles/borderline-personality-disorder-treatment
    BPD has historically been viewed as difficult to treat. However, with newer and proper treatment, many people with BPD experience fewer or less severe symptoms and an improved quality of life. […] People with BPD can recover. If you think you have BPD, it is important to seek treatment. […] The treatments described below are just some of the options that may be available to a person with BPD. However, the research on treatments is still in very early stages. More research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these treatments, who may benefit the most and how best to deliver treatments. […] Psychotherapy (or „talk therapy”) is the main treatment for people with BPD. Current research suggests psychotherapy can relieve some symptoms, but further studies are needed to better understand how well psychotherapy works.
  • #1 Treatment – Borderline personality disorder – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/treatment/
    Over time, many people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) overcome their symptoms and recover. Additional treatment is recommended for people whose symptoms return. […] Treatment for BPD may involve individual or group psychotherapy, carried out by professionals within a community mental health team (CMHT). […] Treatment for BPD usually involves some type of psychological therapy, also known as psychotherapy. There are lots of different types of psychotherapy, but they all involve taking time to help you get a better understanding of how you think and feel. […] As well as listening and discussing important issues with you, the psychotherapist can suggest ways to resolve problems and, if necessary, help you change your attitudes and behaviour. Therapy for BPD aims to help people get a better sense of control over their thoughts and feelings.
  • #1 Treatment – Borderline personality disorder – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/treatment/
    Psychotherapy for BPD should only be delivered by a trained professional. They’ll usually be a psychiatrist, psychologist or other trained mental health professional. […] The type of psychotherapy you choose may be based on a combination of personal preference and the availability of specific treatments in your local area. Treatment for BPD may last a year or longer, depending on your needs and how you live your life. […] Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is a type of therapy specifically designed to treat people with BPD. […] The goal of DBT is to break this cycle by introducing 2 important concepts: validation: accepting your emotions are valid, real and acceptable; dialectics: a school of philosophy that says most things in life are rarely „black or white” and that it’s important to be open to ideas and opinions that contradict your own.
  • #1 Dialectical behavior therapy as treatment for borderline personality disorder
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6007584/
    Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a structured outpatient treatment developed by Dr Marsha Linehan for the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD). […] Dialectical behavior therapy is based on cognitive-behavioral principles and is currently the only empirically supported treatment for BPD. […] Traditional DBT is structured into 4 components, including skills training group, individual psychotherapy, telephone consultation, and therapist consultation team. […] These components work together to teach behavioral skills that target common symptoms of BPD, including an unstable sense of self, chaotic relationships, fear of abandonment, emotional lability, and impulsivity such as self-injurious behaviors. […] Given the often comorbid psychiatric symptoms with BPD in patients participating in DBT, psychopharmacologic interventions are oftentimes considered appropriate adjunctive care.
  • #1 Five therapies for borderline personality disorder (BPD)
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/therapies-for-bpd
    Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is the main treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Several types of therapy may benefit people with BPD, and each type takes a different approach. […] Talk therapy teaches people vital skills for managing their thoughts and emotions. There are many types, and each has its own aims and methods. […] A person with BPD may also find certain medications beneficial. […] DBT is the only empirically supported therapy for BPD. […] A 2019 review found evidence that MBT could be just as effective as other therapies for BPD. […] Some pilot studies suggest that group ST has promise as a therapy for BPD. […] Therapy can help people with BPD experience long-term remission. […] Therapy can lead to long-term remission, in which BPD symptoms are very significantly or completely improved. […] Overall, a strong and trusting therapeutic relationship is most strongly associated with a positive outcome.
  • #1 Dialectical behavior therapy as treatment for borderline personality disorder
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6007584/
    Dialectical behavior therapy aims to address the symptoms of BPD by replacing maladaptive behaviors with healthier coping skills, such as mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, emotion regulation, and distress tolerance. […] Research has also shown it be effective in treatment of substance use disorders, mood disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and eating disorders in both adults and adolescents. […] There have been several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying the efficacy of DBT in BPD. […] Dialectical behavior therapy has also been efficacious in comorbid substance use disorders, binge eating disorder, depression, and bulimia nervosa. […] Traditional DBT consists of 4 components: skills training group, individual psychotherapy, telephone consultation, and therapist consultation team.
  • #1 Dialectical behavior therapy as treatment for borderline personality disorder
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6007584/
    The skills training group is designed to target behavioral skill deficits that are common to patients with BPD, including an unstable sense of self, chaotic relationships, fear of abandonment, emotional lability, and impulsivity. […] Within the weekly individual therapy module of treatment, there are 6 main areas of focus: parasuicidal behaviors, therapy-interfering behaviors, behaviors that interfere with quality of life, behavioral skills acquisition, posttraumatic stress behaviors, and self-respect behaviors. […] Telephone consultation allows the patient to contact the individual therapist for in-the-moment guidance. […] The therapist consultation team functions to maintain motivation and commitment among all providers in order to provide optimal treatment. […] In general, psychotherapy is the treatment of choice for BPD over psychotropic medications.
  • #1 Management of borderline personality disorder – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_borderline_personality_disorder
    The goal of all DBT treatment approaches is to reduce the ineffective action tendencies linked to dysregulated emotions. […] Several random controlled trials comparing DBT to other forms of cognitive-behavioral treatments have favored the use of DBT to treat borderline patients. […] Specifically, DBT has been found to significantly reduce self-injury, suicidal behavior, impulsivity, self-rated anger and the use of crisis services among borderline patients. […] Schema therapy (also called schema-focused therapy) is an integrative approach based on cognitive-behavioral or skills-based techniques along with object relations and gestalt approaches. […] Limited recent research suggests it is significantly more effective than transference-focused psychotherapy, with half of individuals with borderline personality disorder assessed as having achieved full recovery after four years, with two-thirds showing clinically significant improvement.
  • #1 Borderline Personality Disorder Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Indications for Hospitalization, Psychotherapy
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/913575-treatment
    In randomized clinical trials, DBT was more effective than usual treatment in reducing suicidal and self-injurious behaviors, treatment dropout, hospitalizations, and self-reports of anger and anxious ruminations. […] Patients usually require long-term psychotherapy with an appropriate therapist in an individual setting, a group setting, or both. […] Recovery from BPD seems difficult for many patients to attain; however, once it is attained, it can be relatively stable over time.
  • #1
    https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/treatment/
    Treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) may involve individual or group psychotherapy. You will get this from professionals within a community mental health team (CMHT). […] Treatment for BPD usually involves psychological therapy, also known as psychotherapy. There are different types of psychotherapy. They all involve taking time to help you get a better understanding of how you think and feel. […] Some of the recommended therapies are: dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), mentalisation-based therapy (MBT), arts therapies. […] Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is a type of therapy designed to treat people with BPD. It is delivered by a DBT Team. […] Mentalisation-based therapy (MBT) is a type of long-term psychotherapy used to treat BPD. […] Arts or creative therapies are not the first treatments you can get for BPD. But they have shown some benefits for people with BPD. […] You may get a short course of medicine, such as a tranquiliser, to calm your mood. This happens in a small number of cases. […] Mood stabilisers or antipsychotics are sometimes prescribed to help mood swings, ease psychotic symptoms, reduce impulsive behaviour.
  • #1 Treatment – Borderline personality disorder – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/treatment/
    DBT has proved particularly effective in treating women with BPD who have a history of self-harming and suicidal behaviour. It’s been recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) as the first treatment for these women to try. […] Another type of long-term psychotherapy that can be used to treat BPD is mentalisation-based therapy (MBT). […] The goal of MBT is to improve your ability to recognise your own and others’ mental states, learn to „step back” from your thoughts about yourself and others and examine them to see if they’re valid. […] Therapeutic communities (TCs) are structured environments where people with a range of complex psychological conditions and needs come together to interact and take part in therapy. […] Arts or creative therapies may be offered individually or with a group as part of a treatment programme for people with BPD.
  • #1 Management of borderline personality disorder – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_borderline_personality_disorder
    Mentalization-based treatment aims to develop patients’ self-regulation capacity through a psychodynamically informed multi-modal treatment program that incorporates group psychotherapy and individual psychotherapy in a therapeutic community, partial hospitalization or outpatient context. […] Marital therapy can be helpful in stabilizing the marital relationship and in reducing marital conflict and stress that can worsen BPD symptoms. […] The UK’s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in 2009 advises against the use of medication for treating borderline personality disorder, recommending that they only be considered for comorbid conditions. […] A Cochrane review from 2006 arrived at the same conclusion, but a 2010 update found that some pharmacological interventions might provide beneficial effects.
  • #1 Treatment for borderline personality disorder – Mental Health UK
    https://mentalhealth-uk.org/help-and-information/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/treatment/
    MBT aims to challenge your thinking about what other people are thinking or feeling. […] Mentalising helps you to understand other peoples behaviour and your reaction to it. This will help you to try and take a more balanced view of what may be going on in other peoples minds. […] Mindfulness can help you manage your emotions by focussing on the present. […] Therapeutic communities are places you can go to have treatment. They are programmes designed by and for groups of people who are experiencing mental health problems. Community members are able to support each other. […] There is no medication to treat borderline personality disorder (BPD). But your doctor may give you medication if you have another mental illness, like anxiety or depression, as well as BPD. […] There are things you can try to help calm overwhelming emotions. Different things work for different people, but you can start small and develop your own tools too.
  • #1 Borderline personality disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370242
    Types of talk therapy that have been found to be effective include: […] Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). DBT includes group and individual therapy designed to treat borderline personality disorder. DBT uses a skills-based approach to teach you how to manage your emotions, handle distress and understand relationships better. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT helps you change your beliefs that come from distorted ways of seeing things. It also can help with relationship issues. The goal is to learn to pinpoint negative thoughts and cope with those thoughts. This treatment can reduce mood swings and make you less anxious. It also can make it less likely that you’ll harm yourself or attempt suicide. […] Schema-focused therapy. Schema-focused therapy focuses on changing negative thought patterns.
  • #1 Borderline Personality Disorder Treatment | Ohio State Medical Center
    https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/mental-behavioral/personality-disorders/borderline-personality-disorder
    The mental and behavioral health experts at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center in Columbus, Ohio, offer effective, evidence-based treatment for borderline personality disorder to help ease symptoms and improve relationships, self-confidence and overall well-being. […] The main treatment for borderline personality disorder is psychotherapy (talk therapy). At the Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, we focus on evidence-based treatment methods to get you feeling better. […] Psychotherapy can help you learn skills to cope with your emotions, recognize troubling behavior and reduce impulsiveness. It can improve your relationships and quality of life. There are several different types of therapy that can effectively treat BPD and they include: […] Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
  • #1 Management of borderline personality disorder – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_borderline_personality_disorder
    Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most widely used and established psychological treatment for mental disorders, but has appeared less successful in BPD, due partly to difficulties in developing a therapeutic relationship and treatment adherence. […] Psychodynamic psychotherapy (PP) are different types of psychotherapy derived from psychoanalysis. […] Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) is a form of psychoanalytic therapy dating to the 1960s, rooted in the conceptions of Otto Kernberg on BPD and its underlying structure. […] Some limited research on TFP suggests it may reduce some symptoms of BPD by affecting certain underlying processes, and that TFP in comparison to dialectical behavioral therapy and supportive therapy results in increased reflective functioning and a more secure attachment style.
  • #1 Borderline Personality Disorder: Treatment – Company EAP | Anthem
    https://www.anthemeap.com/company-guest/emotional-wellness/mental-health/articles/borderline-personality-disorder-treatment
    Types of psychotherapy used to treat BPD include the following: […] Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT): CBT can help people with BPD identify and change core beliefs and behaviors that underlie inaccurate perceptions of themselves and others and problems interacting with others. CBT may help reduce a range of mood and anxiety symptoms and reduce the number of suicidal or self-harming behaviors. […] Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT): This type of therapy utilizes the concept of mindfulness, or being aware of and attentive to the current situation and moods. DBT also teaches skills to control intense emotions, reduce self-destructive behaviors and improve relationships. […] Schema-focused therapy: This type of therapy combines elements of CBT with other forms of psychotherapy that focus on reframing schemas, or the ways people view themselves.
  • #1 Best Therapy for BPD | Charlie Health
    https://www.charliehealth.com/post/best-therapy-for-bpd-borderline-personality-disorder
    One study found that people who participated in ST for BPD experienced increased insight, improved self-confidence, and increased cognitive flexibility related to considering alternative perspectives and being kinder to themselves. […] Transference-focused therapy is a BPD treatment that uses a person’s relationship with their therapist to change how they relate to other people in the world. […] STEPPS is a BPD treatment designed specifically to supplement other types of therapy. […] Research shows that STEPPS can help reduce depression and other BPD symptoms. […] The first step in treating BPD is to meet with a trained mental health professional for an assessment and diagnosis. […] Managing BPD is a collaborative process with your mental health professional, so the best way to prioritize your well-being is to adhere to your treatment plan.
  • #1 Borderline personality disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370242
    Mentalization-based therapy (MBT). MBT helps you note your thoughts and feelings and see things differently. MBT stresses thinking before reacting. […] Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem-Solving (STEPPS). STEPPS is a 20-week treatment program where you work in groups that include your family members, caregivers, friends or significant others. STEPPS is used in addition to other types of talk therapy. […] Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP). Also called psychodynamic psychotherapy, TFP aims to help you learn about your emotions and issues relating to others by creating a relationship between you and your therapist. You then apply what you learn to other situations. […] The Food and Drug Administration hasn’t approved any drugs specifically to treat borderline personality disorder. But some medicines may help with symptoms. And some medicines can help with conditions that occur with borderline personality disorder, such as depression, impulsiveness, aggression or anxiety. Medicines used to treat these conditions may include antidepressants, antipsychotics or mood-stabilizing drugs.
  • #1 Treatment – Borderline personality disorder – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/treatment/
    Therapies may include: art therapy, dance movement therapy, drama therapy, music therapy. […] Arts therapies aim to help people who are finding it hard to express their thoughts and feelings verbally. […] Experts are divided over whether medicine is helpful. No medicine is currently licensed to treat BPD. […] While medicine isn’t recommended by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines, there’s evidence that it may be helpful for certain problems in some people.
  • #1 Borderline Personality Disorder | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0200/p156.html
    Pharmacologic treatments for patients with borderline personality disorder remain controversial with limited evidence, despite the common practice of prescribing selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and quetiapine. […] There are no medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of borderline personality disorder. […] Cochrane reviews showed minimal promise for second-generation antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and omega-3 fatty acids for treating specific symptoms of borderline personality disorder. […] If medications are prescribed, treatment should be augmented by psychological therapy.
  • #1 Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/personality-disorders/borderline-personality-disorder-bpd
    While most types of psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder require specialized training and supervision, „good psychiatric management” is an approach designed for the general clinician. […] Supportive psychotherapy is also useful. […] Medications are not consistently effective for core symptoms of borderline personality disorder and should be used sparingly. […] When used, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are usually well-tolerated; risk of a lethal overdose is minimal. […] Other medications that may be used to treat comorbid psychiatric conditions include mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics.
  • #1 Comprehensive Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): Medications, Psychotherapy & More — Psychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast
    https://www.psychiatrypodcast.com/psychiatry-psychotherapy-podcast/bpd-treatment-medications-and-therapy
    The Cochrane Review noted that antidepressants did not significantly reduce overall BPD severity or improve impulsivity and suicidal behavior, with fluoxetine even associated with an increase in suicidal ideation. […] While medications are commonly prescribed in BPD, their role differs significantly from that in primary mood, anxiety, or psychotic disorders. Medications should primarily be used to address comorbid conditions, such as depression and anxiety, and not as a direct treatment for BPD symptoms. […] High-risk medications, including those with high addictive potential (e.g., benzodiazepines) and those with increased lethality in the setting of overdose (e.g., TCAs or MAOIs), should be avoided given the increased rates of addictive behaviors and suicidality in BPD patients. […] Ultimately, effective treatment of BPD requires a holistic approach, with psychotherapy as the foundation, supported by judicious use of medications and the consideration of integrative interventions like exercise and omega-3 supplementation.
  • #1 Borderline Personality Disorder Treatment | UVA Health
    https://uvahealth.com/services/mental-health/borderline-personality-disorder
    Borderline personality disorder can be difficult to diagnose. […] While no cure exists for borderline personality disorder, treatment can help manage the symptoms. […] Most treatment plans for borderline personality disorder combine several treatment options. This helps manage the symptoms while building coping strategies. […] Therapy can occur in individual, group, or family settings. Some people use all three. With therapy, it becomes easier to: […] Cognitive behavioral therapy is the specific type of therapy that helps you recognize patterns of thinking that need to change. You’ll also learn how your emotions are tied to your body. […] Depending on other difficulties you’re facing, your doctor may prescribe medication. While there is no one medication to treat borderline personality disorder, you can treat any coexisting conditions. There are also medications that can help make your moods more stable.
  • #1 Treatments for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
    https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/treatment-borderline-personality-disorder
    The main treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a combination of counseling and medication. […] The goal of counseling, also called psychotherapy or talk therapy, is to help you learn how to manage your emotions. […] Depending on your symptoms and situation, your counselor may use one of these types of psychotherapy: […] Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) began as a way to help manage crisis behavior, such as suicidal behavior or self-harm. It is the most commonly recommended therapy for BPD. […] Medication may also be used to treat your symptoms. […] Since behaviors of self-harm like cutting and suicide attempts are part of the symptoms of BPD, you may need to receive treatment in the hospital. […] Being consistent with your treatment — taking medications on schedule, keeping counseling appointments — is the best way to start. […] The best medicine of all is being kind to yourself. Build support for yourself and use it. Having BPD isn’t your fault, but you can change how it affects your life.
  • #1 BPD Treatment | Skyland Trail
    https://www.skylandtrail.org/our-programs/what-we-treat/borderline-personality-disorder/adult-borderline-personality-disorder/
    Most young adults with borderline personality disorder will begin in our residential treatment program. They will live at the Rollins Campus or South Campus where they will have a private bedroom and bathroom and receive 24/7 nursing care. […] Family therapy with our family therapist may be recommended as part of the client’s treatment. Family therapy helps families redefine individual roles within the family system, learn to support one another in healthy ways, and improve communication. […] The „dialectical” part of dialectical behavior therapy helps clients challenge rigid thinking patterns and discover that the „truth” is often more gray than black-and-white. A friend can be late for an appointment AND still respect you. You can make a mistake AND still be a good person.
  • #1 Borderline Personality Disorder in Young Adults | Newport Institute
    https://www.newportinstitute.com/programs/borderline-personality-disorder/
    Intensive treatment for borderline personality can help young adults learn to regulate their emotions and cope with the effects of Borderline Personality Disorder, especially because they are still undergoing psychological development. Treatment for BPD can save young peoples lives. […] Studies show that treatment for BPD can result in long-term remission from symptoms. Effective BPD treatment works to uncover and heal traumatic experiences, while also supporting patients to find new ways to regulate their emotions and moods. […] Hence, treatment for BPD includes treating these co-occurring disorders as an essential part of the young adults treatment plan. […] Effective BPD treatment at Newport Institute addresses Borderline Personality Disorder in young adults using a multi-pronged approach.
  • #1 Borderline Personality Disorder | ColumbiaDoctors
    https://www.columbiadoctors.org/treatments-conditions/borderline-personality-disorder
    Borderline personality disorder has also been linked to a variety of other illnesses, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder as well as other mood and anxiety disorders. Research shows that treating borderline personality can lead to reductions in symptoms of these co-occurring illnesses. […] Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Transference Focused Psychotherapy, and Psychodynamic (Exploratory) Psychotherapy are all evidence-based treatments for Borderline Personality disorder. Our therapists and psychiatrists are trained in the latest therapy modalities and can help develop a therapy based on individual goals. […] In some cases, medications can help patients with Borderline Personality disorder improve mood instability, insomnia, and impulsivity. In addition, if addiction or substance abuse is a co-occurring problem, medication can help improve that as well. Our psychiatrists combine a thorough evaluation of each individuals challenges with the latest research to design a customized treatment plan.
  • #1 Borderline personality disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370242
    At times, you may need to be treated in a psychiatric hospital or clinic. Staying in the hospital also may keep you safe from harming yourself or help you talk about thoughts or behaviors related to suicide. […] Learning to manage your emotions, thoughts and behaviors takes time. Most people improve greatly, but some people always struggle with some symptoms of borderline personality disorder. You may have times when your symptoms are better or worse. But treatment can make it easier to function and help you feel better about yourself. […] You have the best chance for success when you work with a mental health professional who has experience treating borderline personality disorder.
  • #1 Borderline Personality Disorder Treatment in Denver, CO | Denver Springs
    https://denversprings.com/borderline-personality-disorder-treatment/
    BPD is a serious illness and while it can be challenging, its also treatable. […] With treatment, people who have BPD can live healthy, productive, and fulfilling lives. When you seek treatment, you may be prescribed therapy, medication or, likely, both. […] Medication is usually prescribed in conjunction with psychotherapy, sometimes called talk therapy. Specifically, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) helps people with BPD challenge their core beliefs and negative patterns of thinking. CBT can help you learn new ways to interact with others while teaching you skills to manage your emotions. […] If you have borderline personality disorder, treatment can make a big difference in your quality of life.
  • #1 Borderline Personality Disorder | Loma Linda University Health
    https://lluh.org/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder
    Medicines can also help some people with BPD. Medicines are generally not the first line of treatment because their benefits in treating BPD are unclear. […] When prescribed, medicines are used to treat specific symptoms such as depression or mood swings. […] If you have severe symptoms, you may need hospital care for a time. […] People with BPD generally do very well with medical and cognitive therapy treatment. […] Early diagnosis can improve the persons long-term quality of life. It can also help the person form stable relationships. […] Symptoms tend to be chronic and lifelong. But they can be managed with correct treatment and support.
  • #1
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40473-017-0103-z
    This review summarizes advances in treatments for adults with borderline personality disorder (BPD) in the last 5 years. […] Evidence-based advances in the treatment of BPD include a delineation of generalist models of care in contrast to specialist treatments, identification of essential effective elements of dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), and the adaptation of DBT treatment to manage post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and BPD. […] The research on treatment in BPD is leading to a distillation of intensive packages of treatment to be more broadly and practically implemented in most treatment environments through generalist care models and pared down forms of intensive treatments (e.g., informed case management plus DBT skills training groups). […] The most well-known, well researched, and widely available EBT for BPD is DBT.
  • #1
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40473-017-0103-z
    Now less intensive forms of effective treatment for BPD are more available, providing hope that the general standard of care for these complex patients can be improved. […] While evidence is accumulating for treatment studies in this area, clear advances in adapting DBT to treatment for PTSD has been made in the last 5 years.
  • #1
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40473-017-0103-z
    DBT proposes that individuals with BPD can become more effective in managing their sensitivities and interactions with others through acquisition of skills that enhance mindfulness and enable them to better tolerate distress, regulate their emotions, and manage relationships. […] GPM is based on a case management model, where interventions rely on common sense and are learned easily by generalist clinicians. […] GPM prioritizes the attainment of stable vocational functioning over romantic relationships, as well as improvement in social functioning over specific symptom improvement. […] Structured clinical management (SCM) was developed in the UK, similar to GPM, reflects best general psychiatric treatment that is feasible for use by generalist mental health clinicians with minimal additional training.
  • #2 Borderline Personality Disorder: Symptoms and Treatment – SunCloud Health
    https://suncloudhealth.com/treatment/borderline-personality/
    Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). This form of therapy can help to change core beliefs and behaviors that stem from an inaccurate picture you may have of yourself or others. CBT also focuses on specific difficulties you have in relating to other people. It can ease mood and anxiety symptoms and reduce self-harming behaviors. […] As you learn about treatment, please keep in mind that BPD is a serious diagnosis that does not go away on its own. You or your loved one will need to work with knowledgeable, caring professionals who understand how BPD works and will create a treatment plan based on the unique pattern of your life history and symptoms. […] Many people struggle with more than one mental health condition at a time. You may have heard that it is possible to have a dual diagnosis or a co-occurring disorder. In fact, people with BPD often face other difficulties such as self-harm, eating disorders, addiction and other issues that threaten their overall health.
  • #2 Effective Diagnosis and Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) – Expert Care at Larkin
    https://larkinhealth.com/en/treatments-services/mental-health-psychiatry/borderline-personality-disorder/diagnosis-and-treatment/
    Treatment of BPD typically involves the following, as suggested by an experienced medical expert after a detailed analysis of the condition: […] Psychotherapy: Long-term psychotherapy (talk therapy) with an experienced therapist skilled in treating borderline personality disorder is one of the most common and effective treatments for BPD. The therapy is categorized into the following: […] Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): Also referred to as the „Gold Standard” of treatment for borderline personality disorder treatment, the therapy aims at helping patients develop skills to deal with challenging emotions and learn self-awareness, healthy relationship skills, and emotional regulation. […] Medication: BPD cannot be treated with a specific medication. However, therapists may prescribe certain medications to control symptoms and provide relief. These include antidepressants and mood stabilizers.
  • #2 Dialectical behavior therapy as treatment for borderline personality disorder
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6007584/
    The skills training group is designed to target behavioral skill deficits that are common to patients with BPD, including an unstable sense of self, chaotic relationships, fear of abandonment, emotional lability, and impulsivity. […] Within the weekly individual therapy module of treatment, there are 6 main areas of focus: parasuicidal behaviors, therapy-interfering behaviors, behaviors that interfere with quality of life, behavioral skills acquisition, posttraumatic stress behaviors, and self-respect behaviors. […] Telephone consultation allows the patient to contact the individual therapist for in-the-moment guidance. […] The therapist consultation team functions to maintain motivation and commitment among all providers in order to provide optimal treatment. […] In general, psychotherapy is the treatment of choice for BPD over psychotropic medications.
  • #2 Five therapies for borderline personality disorder (BPD)
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/therapies-for-bpd
    Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is the main treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Several types of therapy may benefit people with BPD, and each type takes a different approach. […] Talk therapy teaches people vital skills for managing their thoughts and emotions. There are many types, and each has its own aims and methods. […] A person with BPD may also find certain medications beneficial. […] DBT is the only empirically supported therapy for BPD. […] A 2019 review found evidence that MBT could be just as effective as other therapies for BPD. […] Some pilot studies suggest that group ST has promise as a therapy for BPD. […] Therapy can help people with BPD experience long-term remission. […] Therapy can lead to long-term remission, in which BPD symptoms are very significantly or completely improved. […] Overall, a strong and trusting therapeutic relationship is most strongly associated with a positive outcome.
  • #2 Borderline personality disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370242
    Types of talk therapy that have been found to be effective include: […] Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). DBT includes group and individual therapy designed to treat borderline personality disorder. DBT uses a skills-based approach to teach you how to manage your emotions, handle distress and understand relationships better. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT helps you change your beliefs that come from distorted ways of seeing things. It also can help with relationship issues. The goal is to learn to pinpoint negative thoughts and cope with those thoughts. This treatment can reduce mood swings and make you less anxious. It also can make it less likely that you’ll harm yourself or attempt suicide. […] Schema-focused therapy. Schema-focused therapy focuses on changing negative thought patterns.
  • #2 Management of borderline personality disorder – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_borderline_personality_disorder
    The goal of all DBT treatment approaches is to reduce the ineffective action tendencies linked to dysregulated emotions. […] Several random controlled trials comparing DBT to other forms of cognitive-behavioral treatments have favored the use of DBT to treat borderline patients. […] Specifically, DBT has been found to significantly reduce self-injury, suicidal behavior, impulsivity, self-rated anger and the use of crisis services among borderline patients. […] Schema therapy (also called schema-focused therapy) is an integrative approach based on cognitive-behavioral or skills-based techniques along with object relations and gestalt approaches. […] Limited recent research suggests it is significantly more effective than transference-focused psychotherapy, with half of individuals with borderline personality disorder assessed as having achieved full recovery after four years, with two-thirds showing clinically significant improvement.
  • #2 Management of borderline personality disorder – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_borderline_personality_disorder
    Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most widely used and established psychological treatment for mental disorders, but has appeared less successful in BPD, due partly to difficulties in developing a therapeutic relationship and treatment adherence. […] Psychodynamic psychotherapy (PP) are different types of psychotherapy derived from psychoanalysis. […] Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) is a form of psychoanalytic therapy dating to the 1960s, rooted in the conceptions of Otto Kernberg on BPD and its underlying structure. […] Some limited research on TFP suggests it may reduce some symptoms of BPD by affecting certain underlying processes, and that TFP in comparison to dialectical behavioral therapy and supportive therapy results in increased reflective functioning and a more secure attachment style.
  • #2 Borderline personality disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370242
    Mentalization-based therapy (MBT). MBT helps you note your thoughts and feelings and see things differently. MBT stresses thinking before reacting. […] Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem-Solving (STEPPS). STEPPS is a 20-week treatment program where you work in groups that include your family members, caregivers, friends or significant others. STEPPS is used in addition to other types of talk therapy. […] Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP). Also called psychodynamic psychotherapy, TFP aims to help you learn about your emotions and issues relating to others by creating a relationship between you and your therapist. You then apply what you learn to other situations. […] The Food and Drug Administration hasn’t approved any drugs specifically to treat borderline personality disorder. But some medicines may help with symptoms. And some medicines can help with conditions that occur with borderline personality disorder, such as depression, impulsiveness, aggression or anxiety. Medicines used to treat these conditions may include antidepressants, antipsychotics or mood-stabilizing drugs.
  • #2 Treatment – Borderline personality disorder – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/treatment/
    Therapies may include: art therapy, dance movement therapy, drama therapy, music therapy. […] Arts therapies aim to help people who are finding it hard to express their thoughts and feelings verbally. […] Experts are divided over whether medicine is helpful. No medicine is currently licensed to treat BPD. […] While medicine isn’t recommended by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines, there’s evidence that it may be helpful for certain problems in some people.
  • #2 Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/personality-disorders/borderline-personality-disorder-bpd
    While most types of psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder require specialized training and supervision, „good psychiatric management” is an approach designed for the general clinician. […] Supportive psychotherapy is also useful. […] Medications are not consistently effective for core symptoms of borderline personality disorder and should be used sparingly. […] When used, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are usually well-tolerated; risk of a lethal overdose is minimal. […] Other medications that may be used to treat comorbid psychiatric conditions include mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics.
  • #2
    https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/treatment/
    Treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) may involve individual or group psychotherapy. You will get this from professionals within a community mental health team (CMHT). […] Treatment for BPD usually involves psychological therapy, also known as psychotherapy. There are different types of psychotherapy. They all involve taking time to help you get a better understanding of how you think and feel. […] Some of the recommended therapies are: dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), mentalisation-based therapy (MBT), arts therapies. […] Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is a type of therapy designed to treat people with BPD. It is delivered by a DBT Team. […] Mentalisation-based therapy (MBT) is a type of long-term psychotherapy used to treat BPD. […] Arts or creative therapies are not the first treatments you can get for BPD. But they have shown some benefits for people with BPD. […] You may get a short course of medicine, such as a tranquiliser, to calm your mood. This happens in a small number of cases. […] Mood stabilisers or antipsychotics are sometimes prescribed to help mood swings, ease psychotic symptoms, reduce impulsive behaviour.
  • #2 Comprehensive Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): Medications, Psychotherapy & More — Psychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast
    https://www.psychiatrypodcast.com/psychiatry-psychotherapy-podcast/bpd-treatment-medications-and-therapy
    The Cochrane Review noted that antidepressants did not significantly reduce overall BPD severity or improve impulsivity and suicidal behavior, with fluoxetine even associated with an increase in suicidal ideation. […] While medications are commonly prescribed in BPD, their role differs significantly from that in primary mood, anxiety, or psychotic disorders. Medications should primarily be used to address comorbid conditions, such as depression and anxiety, and not as a direct treatment for BPD symptoms. […] High-risk medications, including those with high addictive potential (e.g., benzodiazepines) and those with increased lethality in the setting of overdose (e.g., TCAs or MAOIs), should be avoided given the increased rates of addictive behaviors and suicidality in BPD patients. […] Ultimately, effective treatment of BPD requires a holistic approach, with psychotherapy as the foundation, supported by judicious use of medications and the consideration of integrative interventions like exercise and omega-3 supplementation.
  • #2 Treatment – Borderline personality disorder – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/treatment/
    DBT has proved particularly effective in treating women with BPD who have a history of self-harming and suicidal behaviour. It’s been recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) as the first treatment for these women to try. […] Another type of long-term psychotherapy that can be used to treat BPD is mentalisation-based therapy (MBT). […] The goal of MBT is to improve your ability to recognise your own and others’ mental states, learn to „step back” from your thoughts about yourself and others and examine them to see if they’re valid. […] Therapeutic communities (TCs) are structured environments where people with a range of complex psychological conditions and needs come together to interact and take part in therapy. […] Arts or creative therapies may be offered individually or with a group as part of a treatment programme for people with BPD.
  • #2 Best Therapy for BPD | Charlie Health
    https://www.charliehealth.com/post/best-therapy-for-bpd-borderline-personality-disorder
    Dialectical behavior therapy is a subtype of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that was created to teach people how to understand and regulate their emotions. […] DBT was originally developed in the 1980s to treat suicidal individuals with BPD and is now considered a leading treatment for people with a primary diagnosis of BPD. […] One study even found that 77% of people with BPD no longer met diagnostic criteria after just one year of DBT treatment. […] Another type of talk therapy that was created to treat BPD is mentalization-based therapy (MBT). […] MBT’s goal is to help people with BPD improve their interpersonal skills and create healthier relationships with others. […] Schema-focused therapy is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on identifying and changing unhealthy ways of thinking.
  • #2 Borderline personality disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370242
    At times, you may need to be treated in a psychiatric hospital or clinic. Staying in the hospital also may keep you safe from harming yourself or help you talk about thoughts or behaviors related to suicide. […] Learning to manage your emotions, thoughts and behaviors takes time. Most people improve greatly, but some people always struggle with some symptoms of borderline personality disorder. You may have times when your symptoms are better or worse. But treatment can make it easier to function and help you feel better about yourself. […] You have the best chance for success when you work with a mental health professional who has experience treating borderline personality disorder.
  • #2
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40473-017-0103-z
    Now less intensive forms of effective treatment for BPD are more available, providing hope that the general standard of care for these complex patients can be improved. […] While evidence is accumulating for treatment studies in this area, clear advances in adapting DBT to treatment for PTSD has been made in the last 5 years.
  • #2
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40473-017-0103-z
    DBT proposes that individuals with BPD can become more effective in managing their sensitivities and interactions with others through acquisition of skills that enhance mindfulness and enable them to better tolerate distress, regulate their emotions, and manage relationships. […] GPM is based on a case management model, where interventions rely on common sense and are learned easily by generalist clinicians. […] GPM prioritizes the attainment of stable vocational functioning over romantic relationships, as well as improvement in social functioning over specific symptom improvement. […] Structured clinical management (SCM) was developed in the UK, similar to GPM, reflects best general psychiatric treatment that is feasible for use by generalist mental health clinicians with minimal additional training.
  • #3 Dialectical behavior therapy as treatment for borderline personality disorder
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6007584/
    The skills training group is designed to target behavioral skill deficits that are common to patients with BPD, including an unstable sense of self, chaotic relationships, fear of abandonment, emotional lability, and impulsivity. […] Within the weekly individual therapy module of treatment, there are 6 main areas of focus: parasuicidal behaviors, therapy-interfering behaviors, behaviors that interfere with quality of life, behavioral skills acquisition, posttraumatic stress behaviors, and self-respect behaviors. […] Telephone consultation allows the patient to contact the individual therapist for in-the-moment guidance. […] The therapist consultation team functions to maintain motivation and commitment among all providers in order to provide optimal treatment. […] In general, psychotherapy is the treatment of choice for BPD over psychotropic medications.
  • #3 Five therapies for borderline personality disorder (BPD)
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/therapies-for-bpd
    Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is the main treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Several types of therapy may benefit people with BPD, and each type takes a different approach. […] Talk therapy teaches people vital skills for managing their thoughts and emotions. There are many types, and each has its own aims and methods. […] A person with BPD may also find certain medications beneficial. […] DBT is the only empirically supported therapy for BPD. […] A 2019 review found evidence that MBT could be just as effective as other therapies for BPD. […] Some pilot studies suggest that group ST has promise as a therapy for BPD. […] Therapy can help people with BPD experience long-term remission. […] Therapy can lead to long-term remission, in which BPD symptoms are very significantly or completely improved. […] Overall, a strong and trusting therapeutic relationship is most strongly associated with a positive outcome.
  • #3 Comprehensive Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): Medications, Psychotherapy & More — Psychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast
    https://www.psychiatrypodcast.com/psychiatry-psychotherapy-podcast/bpd-treatment-medications-and-therapy
    The Cochrane Review noted that antidepressants did not significantly reduce overall BPD severity or improve impulsivity and suicidal behavior, with fluoxetine even associated with an increase in suicidal ideation. […] While medications are commonly prescribed in BPD, their role differs significantly from that in primary mood, anxiety, or psychotic disorders. Medications should primarily be used to address comorbid conditions, such as depression and anxiety, and not as a direct treatment for BPD symptoms. […] High-risk medications, including those with high addictive potential (e.g., benzodiazepines) and those with increased lethality in the setting of overdose (e.g., TCAs or MAOIs), should be avoided given the increased rates of addictive behaviors and suicidality in BPD patients. […] Ultimately, effective treatment of BPD requires a holistic approach, with psychotherapy as the foundation, supported by judicious use of medications and the consideration of integrative interventions like exercise and omega-3 supplementation.
  • #3
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40473-017-0103-z
    DBT proposes that individuals with BPD can become more effective in managing their sensitivities and interactions with others through acquisition of skills that enhance mindfulness and enable them to better tolerate distress, regulate their emotions, and manage relationships. […] GPM is based on a case management model, where interventions rely on common sense and are learned easily by generalist clinicians. […] GPM prioritizes the attainment of stable vocational functioning over romantic relationships, as well as improvement in social functioning over specific symptom improvement. […] Structured clinical management (SCM) was developed in the UK, similar to GPM, reflects best general psychiatric treatment that is feasible for use by generalist mental health clinicians with minimal additional training.
  • #4 Dialectical behavior therapy as treatment for borderline personality disorder
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6007584/
    The skills training group is designed to target behavioral skill deficits that are common to patients with BPD, including an unstable sense of self, chaotic relationships, fear of abandonment, emotional lability, and impulsivity. […] Within the weekly individual therapy module of treatment, there are 6 main areas of focus: parasuicidal behaviors, therapy-interfering behaviors, behaviors that interfere with quality of life, behavioral skills acquisition, posttraumatic stress behaviors, and self-respect behaviors. […] Telephone consultation allows the patient to contact the individual therapist for in-the-moment guidance. […] The therapist consultation team functions to maintain motivation and commitment among all providers in order to provide optimal treatment. […] In general, psychotherapy is the treatment of choice for BPD over psychotropic medications.
  • #4 Comprehensive Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): Medications, Psychotherapy & More — Psychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast
    https://www.psychiatrypodcast.com/psychiatry-psychotherapy-podcast/bpd-treatment-medications-and-therapy
    The Cochrane Review noted that antidepressants did not significantly reduce overall BPD severity or improve impulsivity and suicidal behavior, with fluoxetine even associated with an increase in suicidal ideation. […] While medications are commonly prescribed in BPD, their role differs significantly from that in primary mood, anxiety, or psychotic disorders. Medications should primarily be used to address comorbid conditions, such as depression and anxiety, and not as a direct treatment for BPD symptoms. […] High-risk medications, including those with high addictive potential (e.g., benzodiazepines) and those with increased lethality in the setting of overdose (e.g., TCAs or MAOIs), should be avoided given the increased rates of addictive behaviors and suicidality in BPD patients. […] Ultimately, effective treatment of BPD requires a holistic approach, with psychotherapy as the foundation, supported by judicious use of medications and the consideration of integrative interventions like exercise and omega-3 supplementation.
  • #4 Five therapies for borderline personality disorder (BPD)
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/therapies-for-bpd
    Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is the main treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Several types of therapy may benefit people with BPD, and each type takes a different approach. […] Talk therapy teaches people vital skills for managing their thoughts and emotions. There are many types, and each has its own aims and methods. […] A person with BPD may also find certain medications beneficial. […] DBT is the only empirically supported therapy for BPD. […] A 2019 review found evidence that MBT could be just as effective as other therapies for BPD. […] Some pilot studies suggest that group ST has promise as a therapy for BPD. […] Therapy can help people with BPD experience long-term remission. […] Therapy can lead to long-term remission, in which BPD symptoms are very significantly or completely improved. […] Overall, a strong and trusting therapeutic relationship is most strongly associated with a positive outcome.
  • #5 Five therapies for borderline personality disorder (BPD)
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/therapies-for-bpd
    Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is the main treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Several types of therapy may benefit people with BPD, and each type takes a different approach. […] Talk therapy teaches people vital skills for managing their thoughts and emotions. There are many types, and each has its own aims and methods. […] A person with BPD may also find certain medications beneficial. […] DBT is the only empirically supported therapy for BPD. […] A 2019 review found evidence that MBT could be just as effective as other therapies for BPD. […] Some pilot studies suggest that group ST has promise as a therapy for BPD. […] Therapy can help people with BPD experience long-term remission. […] Therapy can lead to long-term remission, in which BPD symptoms are very significantly or completely improved. […] Overall, a strong and trusting therapeutic relationship is most strongly associated with a positive outcome.

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osobowość borderline uzależnienie impulsywność zaburzenie odżywiania samookaleczenie benzodiazepin trójpierścieniowy lek przeciwdepresyjny terapia oparta na mentalizacji zespół stresu pourazowego lek przeciwpsychotyczny stabilizator nastroju terapia poznawczo-behawioralna farmakoterapia psychoterapia psychodynamiczna dialektyczna terapia behawioralna psychoterapia psychoterapia skupiona na przeniesieniu selektywny inhibitor wychwytu serotoniny labilność emocjonalna inhibitor MAO