Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Borderline Personality Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430883/

  Nationwide epidemiologic studies estimate the prevalence of BPD in the general population between 0.7% and 2.7%, with symptoms usually manifesting in early adulthood. In primary care, the prevalence is 6%, and the rate is 11% to 12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 22% for psychiatric inpatients. Although women have a slightly higher rate of BPD than men (3% versus 2.4%), in outpatient psychiatric settings, there are higher rates of BPD in women (78% versus 28%).

• #2 Borderline Personality Disorder | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/27054

  Nationwide epidemiologic studies estimate the prevalence of BPD in the general population between 0.7% and 2.7%, with symptoms usually manifesting in early adulthood. […] In primary care, the prevalence is 6%, and the rate is 11% to 12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 22% for psychiatric inpatients. […] Although women have a slightly higher rate of BPD than men (3% versus 2.4%), in outpatient psychiatric settings, there are higher rates of BPD in women (78% versus 28%).

• #3 Digital Commons @ Trinity

  https://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/psych_faculty/148/

  Several studies of the prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) in community and clinical settings have been carried out to date. […] Although results vary according to sampling method and assessment method, median point prevalence of BPD is roughly 1%, with higher or lower rates in certain community subpopulations. […] In clinical settings, BPD prevalence is around 10-12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 20-22% among inpatient clinics. […] Further research is needed to identify the prevalence and correlates of BPD in other clinical settings (e.g., primary care) and to investigate the impact of demographic variables on BPD prevalence.

• #4 Community and Clinical Epidemiology of Borderline Personality Disorder

  https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br/index.php/acervo/buscador.html?task=detalhes&id=W2885830468

  Several studies of the prevalence of borderline personality disorder in community and clinical settings have been carried out to date. Although results vary according to sampling method and assessment method, median point prevalence is roughly 1%, with higher or lower rates in certain community subpopulations. […] In clinical settings, the prevalence is around 10% to 12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 20% to 22% among inpatient clinics. […] Further research is needed to identify the prevalence and correlates of borderline personality disorder in other clinical settings (eg, primary care) and to investigate the impact of demographic variables on borderline personality disorder prevalence.

• #5 Borderline personality disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borderline_personality_disorder

  BPD has a point prevalence of 1.6% and a lifetime prevalence of 5.9% of the global population. […] Within clinical settings, the occurrence of BPD is 6.4% among urban primary care patients, 9.3% among psychiatric outpatients, and approximately 20% among psychiatric inpatients. […] Despite the high utilization of healthcare resources by individuals with BPD, up to half may show significant improvement over a ten-year period with appropriate treatment. […] Regarding gender distribution, women are diagnosed with BPD three times more frequently than men in clinical environments. […] Nonetheless, epidemiological research in the United States indicates no significant gender difference in the lifetime prevalence of BPD within the general population. […] The relationship between BPD and ethnicity continues to be ambiguous, with divergent findings reported in the United States. […] The overall prevalence of BPD in the U.S. prison population is thought to be 17%.

• #6 Borderline Personality Disorder Statistics

  https://www.verywellmind.com/borderline-personality-disorder-statistics-425481

  In the United States, recent research has shown that 1.6% of the population has BPD. That number may seem small, but when you consider just how large the United States is, you may realize that 1.6% represents quite a large number of people. […] That percentage means that over four million people have BPD in America alone. While BPD is not as well known as other disorders, it is actually more common than illnesses like schizophrenia. […] While 1.6% is the recorded percentage of people with BPD, the actual prevalence may be even higher. In a recent study, over 40% of people with BPD had been previously misdiagnosed with other disorders like bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder. […] These illnesses are often cited, potentially because they are more well-known and more easily treated with medications than borderline personality disorder.

• #7 Borderline personality disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borderline_personality_disorder

  BPD has a point prevalence of 1.6% and a lifetime prevalence of 5.9% of the global population. […] Within clinical settings, the occurrence of BPD is 6.4% among urban primary care patients, 9.3% among psychiatric outpatients, and approximately 20% among psychiatric inpatients. […] Despite the high utilization of healthcare resources by individuals with BPD, up to half may show significant improvement over a ten-year period with appropriate treatment. […] Regarding gender distribution, women are diagnosed with BPD three times more frequently than men in clinical environments. […] Nonetheless, epidemiological research in the United States indicates no significant gender difference in the lifetime prevalence of BPD within the general population. […] The relationship between BPD and ethnicity continues to be ambiguous, with divergent findings reported in the United States. […] The overall prevalence of BPD in the U.S. prison population is thought to be 17%.

• #8 Borderline Personality Disorder | Abnormal Psychology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-abnormalpsych/chapter/borderline-personality-disorder/

  Approximately 1.6% of people have BPD in a given year, with some estimates as high as 6%. Women are diagnosed about three times as often as men. The disorder appears to become less common among older people. Up to half of those with BPD improve over a 10-year period. […] The prevalence of borderline personality disorder in the general population is 1.6% with a lifetime prevalence of 5.9%.

• #9 Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) | Mental Health America

  https://mhanational.org/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder-bpd/

  Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a disorder of emotion regulation, with 5.9% of the population displaying a characteristic at some point in their life (lifetime prevalence) and accounting for 20% of the psychiatric inpatient population. […] The prevalence of BPD in the general population of adolescents is around 3%. The clinical prevalence of BPD ranges from 11% of adolescents consulting at an outpatient clinic to 78% in suicidal adolescents visiting emergency departments. Up to 10% of individuals with BPD will die by suicide. […] There is high co-morbidity (more than one disorder occurring at the same time) with other disorders such as depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and other personality disorders. This often makes BPD more challenging to diagnose and treat.

• #10 Borderline personality disorder: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, course, assessment, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/borderline-personality-disorder-epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-features-course-assessment-and-diagnosis

  Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has a lifetime prevalence of approximately 6 percent. […] The disorder is associated with receiving extensive clinical attention and the disorder is more widely studied than any other personality disorder. […] Despite these efforts, patients with BPD continue to suffer considerable morbidity and increased mortality compared with the general population. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, course, assessment, and diagnosis of BPD are reviewed here.

• #11 Borderline personality disorder: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, course, assessment, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/borderline-personality-disorder-epidemiology-clinical-features-course-assessment-and-diagnosis

  Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has a lifetime prevalence of approximately 6 percent. The disorder is associated with receiving extensive clinical attention and the disorder is more widely studied than any other personality disorder. Despite these efforts, patients with BPD continue to suffer considerable morbidity and increased mortality compared with the general population. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, course, assessment, and diagnosis of BPD are reviewed here.

• #12 Prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder in University Samples: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0155439

  The prevalence of BPD in college samples ranged from 0.5% to 32.1%, with lifetime prevalence of 9.7% (95% CI, 7.7-12.0; p .005). […] BPD prevalence estimates are influenced by the methodological or study sample factors measured. There is a need for consistency in measurement across studies to increase reliability in establishing the scope and characteristics of those with BPD engaged in tertiary study. […] The prevalence of BPD varied over time: 7.8% (95% CI 4.2-13.9) between 1994 and 2000; 6.5% (95% CI 4.0-10.5) during 2001 to 2007; and 11.6% (95% CI 8.8-15.1) from 2008 to 2014, yet was not a source of heterogeneity (p = .09). […] Methodological factors contributing considerable between-study heterogeneity in univariate meta-analyses were participant anonymity, incentive type, research focus and participant type.

• #13 The prevalence of personality disorders in the community: a global systematic review and meta-analysis | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/prevalence-of-personality-disorders-in-the-community-a-global-systematic-review-and-metaanalysis/360C242E0AE8E6010D43AC2941964DE4

  Personality disorders are now internationally recognised as a mental health priority. Nevertheless, there are no systematic reviews examining the global prevalence of personality disorders. […] The worldwide pooled prevalence of any personality disorder was 7.8% (95% CI 6.19.5). Rates were greater in high-income countries (9.6%, 95% CI 7.911.3%) compared with LMICs (4.3%, 95% CI 2.66.1%). […] Personality disorders are prevalent globally. Nevertheless, pooled prevalence rates should be interpreted with caution due to high levels of heterogeneity. More large-scale studies with standardised methodologies are now needed to increase our understanding of population needs and regional variations. […] Approximately 80% of the global population live in LMICs, and mental health is now recognised as a public health priority in these areas.

• #14 Personality disorder epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Personality_disorder_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Worldwide pooled prevalence of personality disorder as found by meta-analysis of studies conducted from 21 countries is 7.8%. […] In United States (US), it is around 10%, with major disease burden contributed by obsessive-compulsive PD followed by narcissist and borderline PD. […] The studies regarding epidemiology of individual types of PDs are lacking. According to National Institute of Health (NIH), the point prevalence of BPD is 1.6% and lifetime prevalence is 5.9%. […] According to the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), the most common PD in US is Obsessive-compulsive PD which is 7.9% followed by narcissistic 6.2% and boderline PD 5.9%. […] The prevalence of PDs according to NCS and NESARC are summarised as follows: […] Borderline personality disorder 1.4 2.7. […] For Narcissistic PD, the prevalence was found to be 6.2% in US people aged 18 years and above with higher rates for male population.

• #15 Personality disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_disorder

  In the US, screening data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication between 2001 and 2003, combined with interviews of a subset of respondents, indicated a population prevalence of around 9% for personality disorders in total. Functional disability associated with the diagnoses appeared to be largely due to co-occurring mental disorders (Axis I in the DSM). […] This statistic has been supported by other studies in the US, with overall global prevalence statistics ranging from 9% to 11%. […] A UK national epidemiological study (based on DSM-IV screening criteria), reclassified into levels of severity rather than just diagnosis, reported in 2010 that the majority of people show some personality difficulties in one way or another (short of threshold for diagnosis), while the prevalence of the most complex and severe cases (including meeting criteria for multiple diagnoses in different clusters) was estimated at 1.3%. Even low levels of personality symptoms were associated with functional problems, but the most severely in need of services was a much smaller group.

• #16 The prevalence of personality disorders in the community: a global systematic review and meta-analysis | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/prevalence-of-personality-disorders-in-the-community-a-global-systematic-review-and-metaanalysis/360C242E0AE8E6010D43AC2941964DE4

  Personality disorders are associated with high levels of mental, physical and functional impairment and premature mortality. […] The global pooled prevalence of any personality disorder was 7.8% (95% CI 6.19.5%). This figure exceeds the WHO World Mental Health personality disorder prevalence estimate of 6.1%. […] The pooled prevalence of any personality disorder was significantly lower in LMICs (4.3%) than in high-income countries (9.4%) in univariate meta-regression, although this difference became non-significant in the final meta-regression. […] Cluster B (1.5 v. 3.7%, P = 0.048) and C personality disorders (3.3 v. 6.6%, not significant) were also less common in LMICs. […] Despite substantial inter-survey heterogeneity, we found that personality disorders are prevalent globally, affecting a substantial proportion of the population. Epidemiological research on personality disorders is relatively sparse, with a paucity of data from lower-income countries from which to draw comparative conclusions.

• #17 Borderline Personality Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430883/

  Nationwide epidemiologic studies estimate the prevalence of BPD in the general population between 0.7% and 2.7%, with symptoms usually manifesting in early adulthood. In primary care, the prevalence is 6%, and the rate is 11% to 12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 22% for psychiatric inpatients. Although women have a slightly higher rate of BPD than men (3% versus 2.4%), in outpatient psychiatric settings, there are higher rates of BPD in women (78% versus 28%).

• #18 Borderline Personality Disorder | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/27054

  Nationwide epidemiologic studies estimate the prevalence of BPD in the general population between 0.7% and 2.7%, with symptoms usually manifesting in early adulthood. […] In primary care, the prevalence is 6%, and the rate is 11% to 12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 22% for psychiatric inpatients. […] Although women have a slightly higher rate of BPD than men (3% versus 2.4%), in outpatient psychiatric settings, there are higher rates of BPD in women (78% versus 28%).

• #19 Borderline personality disorder: part 1 – assessment and diagnosis | BJPsych Advances | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-advances/article/borderline-personality-disorder-part-1-assessment-and-diagnosis/70C44E6D9F5340A0541D6044EBAA6845

  Epidemiological studies in the USA report a lifetime prevalence of BPD of approximately 6% (Grant Reference Grant, Chou and Goldstein2008). […] In the UK, a large national sample showed a community prevalence of 0.7% (Coid Reference Coid, Yang and Tyrer2006). […] In primary care settings the prevalence of BPD ranges from around 4 to 6% (Moran Reference Moran, Jenkins and Tylee2000; Gross Reference Gross, Olfson and Gameroff2002). […] Prevalence rates increase to 9.3% in community out-patient clinics and about 20% in in-patient settings (Zimmerman Reference Zimmerman, Rothschild and Chelminski2005). […] Epidemiological studies have not found a gender difference in the prevalence of BPD; however, males are underrepresented in BPD research, owing to greater prevalence of women in clinical samples (Skodol Reference Skodol and Bender2003).

• #20 Borderline personality disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borderline_personality_disorder

  BPD has a point prevalence of 1.6% and a lifetime prevalence of 5.9% of the global population. […] Within clinical settings, the occurrence of BPD is 6.4% among urban primary care patients, 9.3% among psychiatric outpatients, and approximately 20% among psychiatric inpatients. […] Despite the high utilization of healthcare resources by individuals with BPD, up to half may show significant improvement over a ten-year period with appropriate treatment. […] Regarding gender distribution, women are diagnosed with BPD three times more frequently than men in clinical environments. […] Nonetheless, epidemiological research in the United States indicates no significant gender difference in the lifetime prevalence of BPD within the general population. […] The relationship between BPD and ethnicity continues to be ambiguous, with divergent findings reported in the United States. […] The overall prevalence of BPD in the U.S. prison population is thought to be 17%.

• #21 Community and Clinical Epidemiology of Borderline Personality Disorder – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30447724/

  Several studies of the prevalence of borderline personality disorder in community and clinical settings have been carried out to date. Although results vary according to sampling method and assessment method, median point prevalence is roughly 1%, with higher or lower rates in certain community subpopulations. In clinical settings, the prevalence is around 10% to 12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 20% to 22% among inpatient clinics. Further research is needed to identify the prevalence and correlates of borderline personality disorder in other clinical settings (eg, primary care) and to investigate the impact of demographic variables on borderline personality disorder prevalence.

• #22 Digital Commons @ Trinity

  https://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/psych_faculty/148/

  Several studies of the prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) in community and clinical settings have been carried out to date. […] Although results vary according to sampling method and assessment method, median point prevalence of BPD is roughly 1%, with higher or lower rates in certain community subpopulations. […] In clinical settings, BPD prevalence is around 10-12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 20-22% among inpatient clinics. […] Further research is needed to identify the prevalence and correlates of BPD in other clinical settings (e.g., primary care) and to investigate the impact of demographic variables on BPD prevalence.

• #23 Borderline personality disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borderline_personality_disorder

  BPD has a point prevalence of 1.6% and a lifetime prevalence of 5.9% of the global population. […] Within clinical settings, the occurrence of BPD is 6.4% among urban primary care patients, 9.3% among psychiatric outpatients, and approximately 20% among psychiatric inpatients. […] Despite the high utilization of healthcare resources by individuals with BPD, up to half may show significant improvement over a ten-year period with appropriate treatment. […] Regarding gender distribution, women are diagnosed with BPD three times more frequently than men in clinical environments. […] Nonetheless, epidemiological research in the United States indicates no significant gender difference in the lifetime prevalence of BPD within the general population. […] The relationship between BPD and ethnicity continues to be ambiguous, with divergent findings reported in the United States. […] The overall prevalence of BPD in the U.S. prison population is thought to be 17%.

• #24 Community and Clinical Epidemiology of Borderline Personality Disorder – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30447724/

  Several studies of the prevalence of borderline personality disorder in community and clinical settings have been carried out to date. Although results vary according to sampling method and assessment method, median point prevalence is roughly 1%, with higher or lower rates in certain community subpopulations. In clinical settings, the prevalence is around 10% to 12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 20% to 22% among inpatient clinics. Further research is needed to identify the prevalence and correlates of borderline personality disorder in other clinical settings (eg, primary care) and to investigate the impact of demographic variables on borderline personality disorder prevalence.

• #25 Community and Clinical Epidemiology of Borderline Personality Disorder

  https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br/index.php/acervo/buscador.html?task=detalhes&id=W2885830468

  Several studies of the prevalence of borderline personality disorder in community and clinical settings have been carried out to date. Although results vary according to sampling method and assessment method, median point prevalence is roughly 1%, with higher or lower rates in certain community subpopulations. […] In clinical settings, the prevalence is around 10% to 12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 20% to 22% among inpatient clinics. […] Further research is needed to identify the prevalence and correlates of borderline personality disorder in other clinical settings (eg, primary care) and to investigate the impact of demographic variables on borderline personality disorder prevalence.

• #26 Epidemiology of borderline personality disorder. | University of Kentucky College of Arts & Sciences

  https://ssr.as.uky.edu/bibcite/reference/2328

  Epidemiology of borderline personality disorder. The limited epidemiological data available on borderline personality disorder suggest that the prevalence of the disorder is between .2 and 1.8 percent in the general community, 15 percent among psychiatric inpatients, and 50 percent among psychiatric inpatients with a diagnosis of personality disorder. […] Current findings suggest that about 76 percent of borderline patients are female. Epidemiological study of borderline personality disorder has been hindered by the lack of a brief semistructured interview that can be used with large population samples and that does not require substantial clinical expertise.

• #27 Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) | Mental Health America

  https://mhanational.org/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder-bpd/

  Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a disorder of emotion regulation, with 5.9% of the population displaying a characteristic at some point in their life (lifetime prevalence) and accounting for 20% of the psychiatric inpatient population. […] The prevalence of BPD in the general population of adolescents is around 3%. The clinical prevalence of BPD ranges from 11% of adolescents consulting at an outpatient clinic to 78% in suicidal adolescents visiting emergency departments. Up to 10% of individuals with BPD will die by suicide. […] There is high co-morbidity (more than one disorder occurring at the same time) with other disorders such as depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and other personality disorders. This often makes BPD more challenging to diagnose and treat.

• #28 Borderline personality disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borderline_personality_disorder

  BPD has a point prevalence of 1.6% and a lifetime prevalence of 5.9% of the global population. […] Within clinical settings, the occurrence of BPD is 6.4% among urban primary care patients, 9.3% among psychiatric outpatients, and approximately 20% among psychiatric inpatients. […] Despite the high utilization of healthcare resources by individuals with BPD, up to half may show significant improvement over a ten-year period with appropriate treatment. […] Regarding gender distribution, women are diagnosed with BPD three times more frequently than men in clinical environments. […] Nonetheless, epidemiological research in the United States indicates no significant gender difference in the lifetime prevalence of BPD within the general population. […] The relationship between BPD and ethnicity continues to be ambiguous, with divergent findings reported in the United States. […] The overall prevalence of BPD in the U.S. prison population is thought to be 17%.

• #29 Registered prevalence of borderline personality disorder in primary care databases | Gaceta Sanitaria

  http://gacetasanitaria.org/es-registered-prevalence-borderline-personality-disorder-articulo-S0213911112000568

  Registered prevalence of borderline personality disorder in primary care databases […] Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common personality disorder, with a population prevalence of 1.45.9%, although the epidemiology of this disorder in primary care is insufficiently known. Our objective was to determine the registered prevalence of BPD in primary care databases and to study the demographic and clinical characteristics of these patients. […] The prevalence of recorded BPD was 0.017%, and was higher in patients with other mental disorders, particularly substance-abuse disorders (0.161%). […] The number of diagnoses of BPD recorded in primary care is extremely low, which contrasts with the available population-based data. […] Although little is known about the prevalence and characteristics of patients with BPD in primary care, they are often great users of health services and have been described as difficult, demanding, manipulative and unwilling to respect rules.

• #30 Registered prevalence of borderline personality disorder in primary care databases | Gaceta Sanitaria

  http://gacetasanitaria.org/es-registered-prevalence-borderline-personality-disorder-articulo-S0213911112000568

  We found that 0.017% of adult patients had a diagnosis of BDP in their clinical records, a percentage that is a long way from the prevalences reported by epidemiological studies in the general population or primary care. […] The discrepancy between the data is clear: the recorded prevalence of BPD is 82 times lower than the population prevalence reported by Lenzenweger et al. […] This study confirms that there is a considerable gap between the real prevalence of BPD in the population and its prevalence in clinical records.

• #31 Sex differences in borderline personality disorder: A scoping review | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0279015

  Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex mental health disorder. It is marked by a pervasive pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, identity disturbances, affective instability, and impulsive and self-damaging behaviours. Epidemiological studies have estimated that 0.5% to 5.9% of the adult population in the world have BPD. […] Since the introduction of personality disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in 1980s, BPD has been viewed by clinicians as a female-specific disorder. The DSM-5, for example, indicated that approximately 75% of individuals diagnosed with BPD are females. As a result, the original studies of BPD treatment have focused mainly on females. More recent research, however, suggest that prevalence rates are not significantly different between males and females. Despite this, BPD is still often perceived to be a female-predominant disorder in both research and clinical contexts.

• #32 Borderline Personality Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430883/

  Nationwide epidemiologic studies estimate the prevalence of BPD in the general population between 0.7% and 2.7%, with symptoms usually manifesting in early adulthood. In primary care, the prevalence is 6%, and the rate is 11% to 12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 22% for psychiatric inpatients. Although women have a slightly higher rate of BPD than men (3% versus 2.4%), in outpatient psychiatric settings, there are higher rates of BPD in women (78% versus 28%).

• #33 Borderline Personality Disorder | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/27054

  Nationwide epidemiologic studies estimate the prevalence of BPD in the general population between 0.7% and 2.7%, with symptoms usually manifesting in early adulthood. […] In primary care, the prevalence is 6%, and the rate is 11% to 12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 22% for psychiatric inpatients. […] Although women have a slightly higher rate of BPD than men (3% versus 2.4%), in outpatient psychiatric settings, there are higher rates of BPD in women (78% versus 28%).

• #34 Borderline personality disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borderline_personality_disorder

  BPD has a point prevalence of 1.6% and a lifetime prevalence of 5.9% of the global population. […] Within clinical settings, the occurrence of BPD is 6.4% among urban primary care patients, 9.3% among psychiatric outpatients, and approximately 20% among psychiatric inpatients. […] Despite the high utilization of healthcare resources by individuals with BPD, up to half may show significant improvement over a ten-year period with appropriate treatment. […] Regarding gender distribution, women are diagnosed with BPD three times more frequently than men in clinical environments. […] Nonetheless, epidemiological research in the United States indicates no significant gender difference in the lifetime prevalence of BPD within the general population. […] The relationship between BPD and ethnicity continues to be ambiguous, with divergent findings reported in the United States. […] The overall prevalence of BPD in the U.S. prison population is thought to be 17%.

• #35 Borderline Personality Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430883/

  Nationwide epidemiologic studies estimate the prevalence of BPD in the general population between 0.7% and 2.7%, with symptoms usually manifesting in early adulthood. In primary care, the prevalence is 6%, and the rate is 11% to 12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 22% for psychiatric inpatients. Although women have a slightly higher rate of BPD than men (3% versus 2.4%), in outpatient psychiatric settings, there are higher rates of BPD in women (78% versus 28%).

• #36 Borderline Personality Disorder | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/27054

  Nationwide epidemiologic studies estimate the prevalence of BPD in the general population between 0.7% and 2.7%, with symptoms usually manifesting in early adulthood. […] In primary care, the prevalence is 6%, and the rate is 11% to 12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 22% for psychiatric inpatients. […] Although women have a slightly higher rate of BPD than men (3% versus 2.4%), in outpatient psychiatric settings, there are higher rates of BPD in women (78% versus 28%).

• #37 Borderline Personality Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/913575-overview

  To the authors knowledge, no definitive prevalence studies have been performed; however, borderline personality disorder (BPD) is reported to be present in 12% of the general population. In a study performed by Clarkin et al in 1983, approximately 11% of psychiatric outpatients and 19% of inpatients met the criteria for BPD. […] Symptoms of BPD are usually present by late adolescence, but the diagnosis has been made in children. The initial diagnosis is rarely made in patients older than 40 years. The incidence of the disorder tends to decrease after age 40 years, partly because personality disorders often decrease with age and partly because some who have the disorder commit suicide and thus are no longer part of the population. […] Virtually every study of borderline personality disorder has revealed that the diagnosis is more common in females than in males; the female-to-male ratios are as high as 4:1. No evidence suggests a relationship between race and the diagnosis of BPD or borderline disorders of childhood.

• #38 The Role of Gender in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder: Differences Related to Hopelessness, Alexithymia, Coping Strategies, and Sensory Profile

  https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/5/950

  Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is the most common personality disorder; epidemiological studies have estimated a prevalence that ranges between 1 and 3.9% in the general population. […] In clinical populations, BPD prevalence increases up to 10% in psychiatric outpatients and between 15% and 25% in inpatients. […] Despite the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM 5-TR) indicating that BPD is diagnosed mainly in females (about 75%), only a few studies have investigated gender clinical differences in this population. […] Indeed, the clinical presentation in females is characterized by a higher prevalence of diagnostic symptoms and increased symptom severity, with more internalizing clinical presentations, with higher rates of anxiety, depression, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

• #39 The Role of Gender in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder: Differences Related to Hopelessness, Alexithymia, Coping Strategies, and Sensory Profile

  https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/5/950

  Conversely, males showed more externalizing symptoms, with a higher prevalence of illicit substance use and impulsive behaviors. […] BPD is associated with a high risk of suicidal behaviors, illicit substance use, and psychiatric comorbidities, with a significant burden on patients, family members, and the healthcare system. […] As previously reported, suicidality is one of the main features of this disorder. Indeed, patients with BPD attempt suicide, and 10% of cases result in completed suicides. […] Few studies have explored this dimension in patients with BPD, underlining that meaning in life could play a role as a protective factor against suicidal behaviors. […] The clinical features of BPD appear very complex, especially regarding coping strategies, emotional and cognitive processes, and sensory profiles. However, very few studies have highlighted gender differences in patients with BPD.

• #40 The Role of Gender in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder: Differences Related to Hopelessness, Alexithymia, Coping Strategies, and Sensory Profile

  https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/5/950

  Conversely, males showed more externalizing symptoms, with a higher prevalence of illicit substance use and impulsive behaviors. […] BPD is associated with a high risk of suicidal behaviors, illicit substance use, and psychiatric comorbidities, with a significant burden on patients, family members, and the healthcare system. […] As previously reported, suicidality is one of the main features of this disorder. Indeed, patients with BPD attempt suicide, and 10% of cases result in completed suicides. […] Few studies have explored this dimension in patients with BPD, underlining that meaning in life could play a role as a protective factor against suicidal behaviors. […] The clinical features of BPD appear very complex, especially regarding coping strategies, emotional and cognitive processes, and sensory profiles. However, very few studies have highlighted gender differences in patients with BPD.

• #41 The Role of Gender in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder: Differences Related to Hopelessness, Alexithymia, Coping Strategies, and Sensory Profile

  https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/5/950

  Our findings revealed that females may present a distinct profile in terms of several clinical dimensions. In fact, female individuals with BPD have a marked hypersensitivity to external stimuli, which overwhelm them and generate anxiety and avoidance. […] These data reflect the tendency of females with BPD to engage in internalizing behaviors. On the contrary, males with BPD were more prone to substance use and had higher rates of involuntary hospitalizations, confirming the trend toward externalizing behaviors.

• #42 Borderline Personality Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430883/

  Nationwide epidemiologic studies estimate the prevalence of BPD in the general population between 0.7% and 2.7%, with symptoms usually manifesting in early adulthood. In primary care, the prevalence is 6%, and the rate is 11% to 12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 22% for psychiatric inpatients. Although women have a slightly higher rate of BPD than men (3% versus 2.4%), in outpatient psychiatric settings, there are higher rates of BPD in women (78% versus 28%).

• #43 Borderline Personality Disorder | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/27054

  Nationwide epidemiologic studies estimate the prevalence of BPD in the general population between 0.7% and 2.7%, with symptoms usually manifesting in early adulthood. […] In primary care, the prevalence is 6%, and the rate is 11% to 12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 22% for psychiatric inpatients. […] Although women have a slightly higher rate of BPD than men (3% versus 2.4%), in outpatient psychiatric settings, there are higher rates of BPD in women (78% versus 28%).

• #44 Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) | Mental Health America

  https://mhanational.org/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder-bpd/

  Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a disorder of emotion regulation, with 5.9% of the population displaying a characteristic at some point in their life (lifetime prevalence) and accounting for 20% of the psychiatric inpatient population. […] The prevalence of BPD in the general population of adolescents is around 3%. The clinical prevalence of BPD ranges from 11% of adolescents consulting at an outpatient clinic to 78% in suicidal adolescents visiting emergency departments. Up to 10% of individuals with BPD will die by suicide. […] There is high co-morbidity (more than one disorder occurring at the same time) with other disorders such as depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and other personality disorders. This often makes BPD more challenging to diagnose and treat.

• #45 Borderline Personality Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/913575-overview

  To the authors knowledge, no definitive prevalence studies have been performed; however, borderline personality disorder (BPD) is reported to be present in 12% of the general population. In a study performed by Clarkin et al in 1983, approximately 11% of psychiatric outpatients and 19% of inpatients met the criteria for BPD. […] Symptoms of BPD are usually present by late adolescence, but the diagnosis has been made in children. The initial diagnosis is rarely made in patients older than 40 years. The incidence of the disorder tends to decrease after age 40 years, partly because personality disorders often decrease with age and partly because some who have the disorder commit suicide and thus are no longer part of the population. […] Virtually every study of borderline personality disorder has revealed that the diagnosis is more common in females than in males; the female-to-male ratios are as high as 4:1. No evidence suggests a relationship between race and the diagnosis of BPD or borderline disorders of childhood.

• #46 Borderline Personality Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/913575-overview

  To the authors knowledge, no definitive prevalence studies have been performed; however, borderline personality disorder (BPD) is reported to be present in 12% of the general population. In a study performed by Clarkin et al in 1983, approximately 11% of psychiatric outpatients and 19% of inpatients met the criteria for BPD. […] Symptoms of BPD are usually present by late adolescence, but the diagnosis has been made in children. The initial diagnosis is rarely made in patients older than 40 years. The incidence of the disorder tends to decrease after age 40 years, partly because personality disorders often decrease with age and partly because some who have the disorder commit suicide and thus are no longer part of the population. […] Virtually every study of borderline personality disorder has revealed that the diagnosis is more common in females than in males; the female-to-male ratios are as high as 4:1. No evidence suggests a relationship between race and the diagnosis of BPD or borderline disorders of childhood.

• #47 Borderline Personality Disorder | Abnormal Psychology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-abnormalpsych/chapter/borderline-personality-disorder/

  Approximately 1.6% of people have BPD in a given year, with some estimates as high as 6%. Women are diagnosed about three times as often as men. The disorder appears to become less common among older people. Up to half of those with BPD improve over a 10-year period. […] The prevalence of borderline personality disorder in the general population is 1.6% with a lifetime prevalence of 5.9%.

• #48 Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder (Types and Symptoms)

  https://patient.info/doctor/emotionally-unstable-personality-disorder

  Epidemiological data need to be interpreted with care, as diagnostic standards vary. […] Personality disorders as a whole are common conditions. There is considerable variation in severity and in the degree of distress and dysfunction caused. […] Some studies estimate that personality disorder affects 4-11% of the UK population and between 60-70% of the prison population. […] The prevalence of emotionally unstable personality disorder (which the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) still refers to as 'borderline personality disorder’) in the general population is 1%. […] It is less common in the elderly. […] NICE emphasises that 'borderline personality disorder’ should not be diagnosed under the age of 18, although characteristic personality traits can be detected at an earlier age. […] Although overall personality disorders are distributed equally between males and females, emotionally unstable personality disorder is more common amongst females. One study reported a prevalence of 30.1% in males and 52.8% in females.

• #49 Borderline personality disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borderline_personality_disorder

  BPD has a point prevalence of 1.6% and a lifetime prevalence of 5.9% of the global population. […] Within clinical settings, the occurrence of BPD is 6.4% among urban primary care patients, 9.3% among psychiatric outpatients, and approximately 20% among psychiatric inpatients. […] Despite the high utilization of healthcare resources by individuals with BPD, up to half may show significant improvement over a ten-year period with appropriate treatment. […] Regarding gender distribution, women are diagnosed with BPD three times more frequently than men in clinical environments. […] Nonetheless, epidemiological research in the United States indicates no significant gender difference in the lifetime prevalence of BPD within the general population. […] The relationship between BPD and ethnicity continues to be ambiguous, with divergent findings reported in the United States. […] The overall prevalence of BPD in the U.S. prison population is thought to be 17%.

• #50 Borderline Personality Disorder: An Overview

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/borderline-personality-disorder-overview

  The presence of comorbidity is reported to complicate the patient’s treatment response (Skodol et al., 2002a). […] Evidence is persuasive that patients with BPD frequently have high levels of disability (Skodol et al., 2002a) and are high treatment utilizers (Bender et al., 2001). […] All personality disorders, according to DSM-IV-TR, have their onset in adolescence or early adulthood and show an enduring pattern of dysfunction that is stable and of long duration. […] New data, however, are challenging this view of the stability of the personality disorders over time, and this is clearly the case for BPD (Grilo and McGlanish, in press). […] Recent data indicate that substantial percentages of patients who met semi-structured interview-based DSM-IV diagnosis of BPD at intake did not sustain that diagnosis at 24 months post-intake. Defining remission as two consecutive months during which no more than two BPD diagnostic criteria remain present, 42% of patients with BPD had remitted; if remission is defined as showing no more than two criteria for 12 consecutive months, the BPD remission rate was 28% (Grilo et al., in press). […] Clearly, then, the diagnosis of BPD is more variable over time than the DSM-IV generic criterion of longitudinal stability would imply. Other studies have shown similar results (Lenzenweger, 1999; Zanarini et al., 2003).

• #51 Borderline Personality Disorder: An Overview

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/borderline-personality-disorder-overview

  The presence of comorbidity is reported to complicate the patient’s treatment response (Skodol et al., 2002a). […] Evidence is persuasive that patients with BPD frequently have high levels of disability (Skodol et al., 2002a) and are high treatment utilizers (Bender et al., 2001). […] All personality disorders, according to DSM-IV-TR, have their onset in adolescence or early adulthood and show an enduring pattern of dysfunction that is stable and of long duration. […] New data, however, are challenging this view of the stability of the personality disorders over time, and this is clearly the case for BPD (Grilo and McGlanish, in press). […] Recent data indicate that substantial percentages of patients who met semi-structured interview-based DSM-IV diagnosis of BPD at intake did not sustain that diagnosis at 24 months post-intake. Defining remission as two consecutive months during which no more than two BPD diagnostic criteria remain present, 42% of patients with BPD had remitted; if remission is defined as showing no more than two criteria for 12 consecutive months, the BPD remission rate was 28% (Grilo et al., in press). […] Clearly, then, the diagnosis of BPD is more variable over time than the DSM-IV generic criterion of longitudinal stability would imply. Other studies have shown similar results (Lenzenweger, 1999; Zanarini et al., 2003).

• #52 Personality Disorder Statistics | Charlie Health

  https://www.charliehealth.com/research/personality-disorder-statistics

  Data from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) shows that about two-thirds of people with any personality disorder also have another mental health condition (67%). This co-occurrence is higher for people with BPD, 84.5% of whom have another mental health condition, according to NIMH data. The national data conforms with other studies that have found cluster B personality disorders (including BPD) most commonly overlap with other mental health conditions. […] Whereas about one in 10 people may struggle with a personality disorder, rates are much higher among those treated for SUD—with prevalence up to one in seven addiction treatment patients (73%), according to a 2018 study. […] Many people who attempt suicide have co-occurring mental health conditions, data shows, and rates are especially high among those who have personality disorders (and another condition). A 2016 study found that about two-thirds of people (65%) with personality disorders and co-occurring conditions had made multiple suicide attempts, as compared to about one-quarter (24%) of those with other co-occurring conditions, excluding personality disorders.

• #53 Borderline personality disorder: associations with psychiatric disorders, somatic illnesses, trauma, and adverse behaviors | Molecular Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-022-01503-z

  In one of the largest, most comprehensive studies on borderline personality disorder (BPD) to date, this article places into context associations between this diagnosis and (1) 16 different psychiatric disorders, (2) eight somatic illnesses, and (3) six trauma and adverse behaviors, e.g., violent crime victimization and self-harm. […] A total of 1,969,839 Swedish individuals were identified from national registers. […] 12,175 individuals were diagnosed with BPD (85.3% female). Individuals diagnosed with BPD had higher cumulative incidences and HRs for nearly all analyzed indicators, especially psychiatric disorders. […] Anxiety disorders were most common (cumulative incidence 95% CI 33.13% [31.48-34.73]). […] Having a sibling with BPD was associated with an increased risk for psychiatric disorders, trauma, and adverse behaviors but not somatic disorders.

• #54 Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) | Mental Health America

  https://mhanational.org/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder-bpd/

  Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a disorder of emotion regulation, with 5.9% of the population displaying a characteristic at some point in their life (lifetime prevalence) and accounting for 20% of the psychiatric inpatient population. […] The prevalence of BPD in the general population of adolescents is around 3%. The clinical prevalence of BPD ranges from 11% of adolescents consulting at an outpatient clinic to 78% in suicidal adolescents visiting emergency departments. Up to 10% of individuals with BPD will die by suicide. […] There is high co-morbidity (more than one disorder occurring at the same time) with other disorders such as depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and other personality disorders. This often makes BPD more challenging to diagnose and treat.

• #55

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00788929

  The present study aimed to investigate clinical, demographic and follow-up features of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in Turkey. […] Affective disorders were concomitantly diagnosed in 76.7% of the BPD patients, and the lifetime prevalence rate for this diagnostic category was estimated at 100%. […] The data obtained in the present study were in agreement with findings of previous studies on BPD conducted mostly in Western countries. […] Widiger TA, Weissman MM (1991) Epidemiology of borderline personality disorder. Hosp Community Psychiatry 42: 10151021.

• #56 Borderline personality disorder: associations with psychiatric disorders, somatic illnesses, trauma, and adverse behaviors | Molecular Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-022-01503-z

  BPD has been linked to poor somatic health, such as obesity, diabetes, gastrointestinal disease, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic pain, and sexually transmitted infections. […] Up to 90% of patients with BPD are estimated to have a history of childhood trauma. […] The association between violent crime and a BPD diagnosis is well documented. […] BPD is predominately diagnosed in females, although evidence suggests that this is largely the result of a diagnostic bias. […] BPD was associated with an increased risk for psychiatric comorbidities, somatic illnesses, traumatic events, and adverse behaviors. […] BPD was strongly associated with all psychiatric disorders except intellectual disability. […] Individuals with BPD had a higher risk of almost all somatic comorbidities in the main analysis except for female infertility.

• #57 Borderline personality disorder: associations with psychiatric disorders, somatic illnesses, trauma, and adverse behaviors | Molecular Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-022-01503-z

  BPD has been linked to poor somatic health, such as obesity, diabetes, gastrointestinal disease, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic pain, and sexually transmitted infections. […] Up to 90% of patients with BPD are estimated to have a history of childhood trauma. […] The association between violent crime and a BPD diagnosis is well documented. […] BPD is predominately diagnosed in females, although evidence suggests that this is largely the result of a diagnostic bias. […] BPD was associated with an increased risk for psychiatric comorbidities, somatic illnesses, traumatic events, and adverse behaviors. […] BPD was strongly associated with all psychiatric disorders except intellectual disability. […] Individuals with BPD had a higher risk of almost all somatic comorbidities in the main analysis except for female infertility.

• #58 Borderline Personality Disorder | Abnormal Psychology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-abnormalpsych/chapter/borderline-personality-disorder/

  The behavior in BPD typically begins by early adulthood and occurs across a variety of situations. Substance abuse, depression, and eating disorders are commonly associated with BPD. Approximately 10% of people affected with the disorder commit suicide. There is a genetic predisposition for the disorder. Twin studies show over 50% heritability (greater than that for major depression). Twin studies performed in 2000 and 2008 both demonstrated higher concordance of the rate of borderline personality disorder for monozygotic versus dizygotic twins. Environmental factors that have been identified as contributing to the development of borderline personality disorder include primarily childhood maltreatment (physical, sexual, or neglect), found in up to 70% of people with BPD, as well as maternal separation, poor maternal attachment, inappropriate family boundaries, parental substance abuse, and serious parental psychopathology.

• #59 Borderline personality disorder: associations with psychiatric disorders, somatic illnesses, trauma, and adverse behaviors | Molecular Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-022-01503-z

  Individuals with BPD were at a higher risk of seeking medical care due to violent crime victimization, especially sexual assault, which had the strongest association. […] Individuals with a sibling with BPD had higher rates of psychiatric disorders, trauma, and adverse behaviors but not somatic disorders.

• #60 Borderline personality disorder: associations with psychiatric disorders, somatic illnesses, trauma, and adverse behaviors | Molecular Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-022-01503-z

  BPD has been linked to poor somatic health, such as obesity, diabetes, gastrointestinal disease, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic pain, and sexually transmitted infections. […] Up to 90% of patients with BPD are estimated to have a history of childhood trauma. […] The association between violent crime and a BPD diagnosis is well documented. […] BPD is predominately diagnosed in females, although evidence suggests that this is largely the result of a diagnostic bias. […] BPD was associated with an increased risk for psychiatric comorbidities, somatic illnesses, traumatic events, and adverse behaviors. […] BPD was strongly associated with all psychiatric disorders except intellectual disability. […] Individuals with BPD had a higher risk of almost all somatic comorbidities in the main analysis except for female infertility.

• #61 Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/personality-disorders/borderline-personality-disorder-bpd

  Borderline personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability and hypersensitivity in interpersonal relationships, instability in self-image, extreme mood fluctuations, and impulsivity. […] Reported prevalence of borderline personality disorder in the United States varies. The estimated median prevalence is 2.7% but may be as high as 5.9%. In patients being treated as inpatients for mental health disorders, prevalence is about 20%. About 75% of patients diagnosed with this disorder are female, but in the general US population, the ratio of male to female is 1:1. […] First-degree relatives of patients with borderline personality disorder are 5 times more likely to have the disorder than the general population. […] Risk of suicide in these patients is 40 times that of the general population. About 8 to 10% of these patients die by suicide.

• #62 Borderline Personality Disorder | Abnormal Psychology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-abnormalpsych/chapter/borderline-personality-disorder/

  The behavior in BPD typically begins by early adulthood and occurs across a variety of situations. Substance abuse, depression, and eating disorders are commonly associated with BPD. Approximately 10% of people affected with the disorder commit suicide. There is a genetic predisposition for the disorder. Twin studies show over 50% heritability (greater than that for major depression). Twin studies performed in 2000 and 2008 both demonstrated higher concordance of the rate of borderline personality disorder for monozygotic versus dizygotic twins. Environmental factors that have been identified as contributing to the development of borderline personality disorder include primarily childhood maltreatment (physical, sexual, or neglect), found in up to 70% of people with BPD, as well as maternal separation, poor maternal attachment, inappropriate family boundaries, parental substance abuse, and serious parental psychopathology.

• #63 Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/personality-disorders/borderline-personality-disorder-bpd

  Borderline personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability and hypersensitivity in interpersonal relationships, instability in self-image, extreme mood fluctuations, and impulsivity. […] Reported prevalence of borderline personality disorder in the United States varies. The estimated median prevalence is 2.7% but may be as high as 5.9%. In patients being treated as inpatients for mental health disorders, prevalence is about 20%. About 75% of patients diagnosed with this disorder are female, but in the general US population, the ratio of male to female is 1:1. […] First-degree relatives of patients with borderline personality disorder are 5 times more likely to have the disorder than the general population. […] Risk of suicide in these patients is 40 times that of the general population. About 8 to 10% of these patients die by suicide.

• #64 Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/personality-disorders/borderline-personality-disorder-bpd

  Borderline personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability and hypersensitivity in interpersonal relationships, instability in self-image, extreme mood fluctuations, and impulsivity. […] Reported prevalence of borderline personality disorder in the United States varies. The estimated median prevalence is 2.7% but may be as high as 5.9%. In patients being treated as inpatients for mental health disorders, prevalence is about 20%. About 75% of patients diagnosed with this disorder are female, but in the general US population, the ratio of male to female is 1:1. […] First-degree relatives of patients with borderline personality disorder are 5 times more likely to have the disorder than the general population. […] Risk of suicide in these patients is 40 times that of the general population. About 8 to 10% of these patients die by suicide.

• #65 Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) | Mental Health America

  https://mhanational.org/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder-bpd/

  Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a disorder of emotion regulation, with 5.9% of the population displaying a characteristic at some point in their life (lifetime prevalence) and accounting for 20% of the psychiatric inpatient population. […] The prevalence of BPD in the general population of adolescents is around 3%. The clinical prevalence of BPD ranges from 11% of adolescents consulting at an outpatient clinic to 78% in suicidal adolescents visiting emergency departments. Up to 10% of individuals with BPD will die by suicide. […] There is high co-morbidity (more than one disorder occurring at the same time) with other disorders such as depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and other personality disorders. This often makes BPD more challenging to diagnose and treat.

• #66 The Role of Gender in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder: Differences Related to Hopelessness, Alexithymia, Coping Strategies, and Sensory Profile

  https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/5/950

  Conversely, males showed more externalizing symptoms, with a higher prevalence of illicit substance use and impulsive behaviors. […] BPD is associated with a high risk of suicidal behaviors, illicit substance use, and psychiatric comorbidities, with a significant burden on patients, family members, and the healthcare system. […] As previously reported, suicidality is one of the main features of this disorder. Indeed, patients with BPD attempt suicide, and 10% of cases result in completed suicides. […] Few studies have explored this dimension in patients with BPD, underlining that meaning in life could play a role as a protective factor against suicidal behaviors. […] The clinical features of BPD appear very complex, especially regarding coping strategies, emotional and cognitive processes, and sensory profiles. However, very few studies have highlighted gender differences in patients with BPD.

• #67 Personality Disorder Statistics | Charlie Health

  https://www.charliehealth.com/research/personality-disorder-statistics

  Data from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) shows that about two-thirds of people with any personality disorder also have another mental health condition (67%). This co-occurrence is higher for people with BPD, 84.5% of whom have another mental health condition, according to NIMH data. The national data conforms with other studies that have found cluster B personality disorders (including BPD) most commonly overlap with other mental health conditions. […] Whereas about one in 10 people may struggle with a personality disorder, rates are much higher among those treated for SUD—with prevalence up to one in seven addiction treatment patients (73%), according to a 2018 study. […] Many people who attempt suicide have co-occurring mental health conditions, data shows, and rates are especially high among those who have personality disorders (and another condition). A 2016 study found that about two-thirds of people (65%) with personality disorders and co-occurring conditions had made multiple suicide attempts, as compared to about one-quarter (24%) of those with other co-occurring conditions, excluding personality disorders.

• #68 Prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder in University Samples: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0155439

  The prevalence of BPD in college samples ranged from 0.5% to 32.1%, with lifetime prevalence of 9.7% (95% CI, 7.7-12.0; p .005). […] BPD prevalence estimates are influenced by the methodological or study sample factors measured. There is a need for consistency in measurement across studies to increase reliability in establishing the scope and characteristics of those with BPD engaged in tertiary study. […] The prevalence of BPD varied over time: 7.8% (95% CI 4.2-13.9) between 1994 and 2000; 6.5% (95% CI 4.0-10.5) during 2001 to 2007; and 11.6% (95% CI 8.8-15.1) from 2008 to 2014, yet was not a source of heterogeneity (p = .09). […] Methodological factors contributing considerable between-study heterogeneity in univariate meta-analyses were participant anonymity, incentive type, research focus and participant type.

• #69 Prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder in University Samples: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0155439

  In the context of BPD, anonymity of responses may be particularly influential given criterion includes behaviors with low social desirability, and implications for participant safety. […] The type of incentive offered was associated with unique heterogeneous influence on prevalence rates, with course credit associated with studies that reported higher rates of BPD. […] The review elucidated the need for consistency in measurement across studies. While not a source of heterogeneity, the items, and resulting constructs used to measure BPD were various and diverse, such as traits versus symptoms or features.

• #70 Prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder in University Samples: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0155439

  In the context of BPD, anonymity of responses may be particularly influential given criterion includes behaviors with low social desirability, and implications for participant safety. […] The type of incentive offered was associated with unique heterogeneous influence on prevalence rates, with course credit associated with studies that reported higher rates of BPD. […] The review elucidated the need for consistency in measurement across studies. While not a source of heterogeneity, the items, and resulting constructs used to measure BPD were various and diverse, such as traits versus symptoms or features.

• #71 Epidemiology of borderline personality disorder. | University of Kentucky College of Arts & Sciences

  https://ssr.as.uky.edu/bibcite/reference/2328

  Epidemiology of borderline personality disorder. The limited epidemiological data available on borderline personality disorder suggest that the prevalence of the disorder is between .2 and 1.8 percent in the general community, 15 percent among psychiatric inpatients, and 50 percent among psychiatric inpatients with a diagnosis of personality disorder. […] Current findings suggest that about 76 percent of borderline patients are female. Epidemiological study of borderline personality disorder has been hindered by the lack of a brief semistructured interview that can be used with large population samples and that does not require substantial clinical expertise.

• #72 Registered prevalence of borderline personality disorder in primary care databases | Gaceta Sanitaria

  http://gacetasanitaria.org/es-registered-prevalence-borderline-personality-disorder-articulo-S0213911112000568

  We found that 0.017% of adult patients had a diagnosis of BDP in their clinical records, a percentage that is a long way from the prevalences reported by epidemiological studies in the general population or primary care. […] The discrepancy between the data is clear: the recorded prevalence of BPD is 82 times lower than the population prevalence reported by Lenzenweger et al. […] This study confirms that there is a considerable gap between the real prevalence of BPD in the population and its prevalence in clinical records.

• #73 Registered prevalence of borderline personality disorder in primary care databases | Gaceta Sanitaria

  http://gacetasanitaria.org/es-registered-prevalence-borderline-personality-disorder-articulo-S0213911112000568

  Registered prevalence of borderline personality disorder in primary care databases […] Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common personality disorder, with a population prevalence of 1.45.9%, although the epidemiology of this disorder in primary care is insufficiently known. Our objective was to determine the registered prevalence of BPD in primary care databases and to study the demographic and clinical characteristics of these patients. […] The prevalence of recorded BPD was 0.017%, and was higher in patients with other mental disorders, particularly substance-abuse disorders (0.161%). […] The number of diagnoses of BPD recorded in primary care is extremely low, which contrasts with the available population-based data. […] Although little is known about the prevalence and characteristics of patients with BPD in primary care, they are often great users of health services and have been described as difficult, demanding, manipulative and unwilling to respect rules.

• #74 Borderline Personality Disorder Statistics

  https://www.verywellmind.com/borderline-personality-disorder-statistics-425481

  In the United States, recent research has shown that 1.6% of the population has BPD. That number may seem small, but when you consider just how large the United States is, you may realize that 1.6% represents quite a large number of people. […] That percentage means that over four million people have BPD in America alone. While BPD is not as well known as other disorders, it is actually more common than illnesses like schizophrenia. […] While 1.6% is the recorded percentage of people with BPD, the actual prevalence may be even higher. In a recent study, over 40% of people with BPD had been previously misdiagnosed with other disorders like bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder. […] These illnesses are often cited, potentially because they are more well-known and more easily treated with medications than borderline personality disorder.

• #75 Borderline Personality Disorder Statistics

  https://www.verywellmind.com/borderline-personality-disorder-statistics-425481

  In the United States, recent research has shown that 1.6% of the population has BPD. That number may seem small, but when you consider just how large the United States is, you may realize that 1.6% represents quite a large number of people. […] That percentage means that over four million people have BPD in America alone. While BPD is not as well known as other disorders, it is actually more common than illnesses like schizophrenia. […] While 1.6% is the recorded percentage of people with BPD, the actual prevalence may be even higher. In a recent study, over 40% of people with BPD had been previously misdiagnosed with other disorders like bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder. […] These illnesses are often cited, potentially because they are more well-known and more easily treated with medications than borderline personality disorder.

• #76 Personality Disorder Statistics | Charlie Health

  https://www.charliehealth.com/research/personality-disorder-statistics

  Unfortunately, though, less than half of adults with the condition report receiving mental health treatment in the past year, according to NIMH data. According to the data, only about a third of people with any personality disorder (39%) received treatment, with rates slightly higher (42.4%) for those with BPD.

• #77 Borderline personality disorder: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, course, assessment, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/borderline-personality-disorder-epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-features-course-assessment-and-diagnosis

  Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has a lifetime prevalence of approximately 6 percent. […] The disorder is associated with receiving extensive clinical attention and the disorder is more widely studied than any other personality disorder. […] Despite these efforts, patients with BPD continue to suffer considerable morbidity and increased mortality compared with the general population. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, course, assessment, and diagnosis of BPD are reviewed here.

• #78 Borderline personality disorder: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, course, assessment, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/borderline-personality-disorder-epidemiology-clinical-features-course-assessment-and-diagnosis

  Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has a lifetime prevalence of approximately 6 percent. The disorder is associated with receiving extensive clinical attention and the disorder is more widely studied than any other personality disorder. Despite these efforts, patients with BPD continue to suffer considerable morbidity and increased mortality compared with the general population. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, course, assessment, and diagnosis of BPD are reviewed here.

• #79 Borderline personality disorder: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, course, assessment, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/borderline-personality-disorder-epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-features-course-assessment-and-diagnosis

  Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has a lifetime prevalence of approximately 6 percent. […] The disorder is associated with receiving extensive clinical attention and the disorder is more widely studied than any other personality disorder. […] Despite these efforts, patients with BPD continue to suffer considerable morbidity and increased mortality compared with the general population. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, course, assessment, and diagnosis of BPD are reviewed here.

• #80 Borderline personality disorder: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, course, assessment, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/borderline-personality-disorder-epidemiology-clinical-features-course-assessment-and-diagnosis

  Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has a lifetime prevalence of approximately 6 percent. The disorder is associated with receiving extensive clinical attention and the disorder is more widely studied than any other personality disorder. Despite these efforts, patients with BPD continue to suffer considerable morbidity and increased mortality compared with the general population. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, course, assessment, and diagnosis of BPD are reviewed here.

• #81 Borderline Personality Disorder: An Overview

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/borderline-personality-disorder-overview

  The presence of comorbidity is reported to complicate the patient’s treatment response (Skodol et al., 2002a). […] Evidence is persuasive that patients with BPD frequently have high levels of disability (Skodol et al., 2002a) and are high treatment utilizers (Bender et al., 2001). […] All personality disorders, according to DSM-IV-TR, have their onset in adolescence or early adulthood and show an enduring pattern of dysfunction that is stable and of long duration. […] New data, however, are challenging this view of the stability of the personality disorders over time, and this is clearly the case for BPD (Grilo and McGlanish, in press). […] Recent data indicate that substantial percentages of patients who met semi-structured interview-based DSM-IV diagnosis of BPD at intake did not sustain that diagnosis at 24 months post-intake. Defining remission as two consecutive months during which no more than two BPD diagnostic criteria remain present, 42% of patients with BPD had remitted; if remission is defined as showing no more than two criteria for 12 consecutive months, the BPD remission rate was 28% (Grilo et al., in press). […] Clearly, then, the diagnosis of BPD is more variable over time than the DSM-IV generic criterion of longitudinal stability would imply. Other studies have shown similar results (Lenzenweger, 1999; Zanarini et al., 2003).

• #82 JMIR Research Protocols – Bridging the Gap in Community Care for Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder: Protocol for Qualitative Inquiry Into Patient, Caregiver, and Clinician Perspectives on Service Gaps and Potential Solutions for Severe Emotion

  https://www.researchprotocols.org/2020/8/e14885

  Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by severe emotion dysregulation that is often complicated by comorbid diagnoses, deliberate self-harm, and chronic suicidal ideation. Unfortunately, current care pathways for individuals with BPD are strained by limited resources, inadequate training, and an overuse of emergency departments and crisis teams. Such barriers result in delayed access to effective treatment, which increases risk of deterioration, disability, and morbidity. […] The limited availability of specialized, stepped care undermines the overall effectiveness of health care systems. Perhaps one way to address this problem is to understand the experiences of individuals who have lived experiences in the current care pathway for BPD. […] The exploratory nature of qualitative research is a viable way to shed light on these experiences. Previous qualitative research demonstrates that patients often feel neglected and stigmatized by health care providers, caregivers feel overlooked by mental health services, and providers hold negative attitudes towards individuals with BPD.

• #83 JMIR Research Protocols – Bridging the Gap in Community Care for Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder: Protocol for Qualitative Inquiry Into Patient, Caregiver, and Clinician Perspectives on Service Gaps and Potential Solutions for Severe Emotion

  https://www.researchprotocols.org/2020/8/e14885/

  Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by severe emotion dysregulation that is often complicated by comorbid diagnoses, deliberate self-harm, and chronic suicidal ideation. […] Unfortunately, current care pathways for individuals with BPD are strained by limited resources, inadequate training, and an overuse of emergency departments and crisis teams. Such barriers result in delayed access to effective treatment, which increases risk of deterioration, disability, and morbidity. […] The limited availability of specialized, stepped care undermines the overall effectiveness of health care systems. […] The exploratory nature of qualitative research is a viable way to shed light on these experiences. […] The purpose of the present paper is to describe a protocol of a qualitative study that seeks to understand key stakeholders (ie, patients with severe BPD, caregivers, and clinicians) experiences with, expectations of, and suggestions for the current care pathway. […] This study will enhance our understanding of an important gap in our current health care system by exploring multiple perspectives on the care pathway for those with BPD. The findings of the study have the potential to inform training, practice, policy, and future research in this area.

• #84 JMIR Research Protocols – Bridging the Gap in Community Care for Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder: Protocol for Qualitative Inquiry Into Patient, Caregiver, and Clinician Perspectives on Service Gaps and Potential Solutions for Severe Emotion

  https://www.researchprotocols.org/2020/8/e14885

  Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by severe emotion dysregulation that is often complicated by comorbid diagnoses, deliberate self-harm, and chronic suicidal ideation. Unfortunately, current care pathways for individuals with BPD are strained by limited resources, inadequate training, and an overuse of emergency departments and crisis teams. Such barriers result in delayed access to effective treatment, which increases risk of deterioration, disability, and morbidity. […] The limited availability of specialized, stepped care undermines the overall effectiveness of health care systems. Perhaps one way to address this problem is to understand the experiences of individuals who have lived experiences in the current care pathway for BPD. […] The exploratory nature of qualitative research is a viable way to shed light on these experiences. Previous qualitative research demonstrates that patients often feel neglected and stigmatized by health care providers, caregivers feel overlooked by mental health services, and providers hold negative attitudes towards individuals with BPD.

• #85 JMIR Research Protocols – Bridging the Gap in Community Care for Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder: Protocol for Qualitative Inquiry Into Patient, Caregiver, and Clinician Perspectives on Service Gaps and Potential Solutions for Severe Emotion

  https://www.researchprotocols.org/2020/8/e14885/

  Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by severe emotion dysregulation that is often complicated by comorbid diagnoses, deliberate self-harm, and chronic suicidal ideation. […] Unfortunately, current care pathways for individuals with BPD are strained by limited resources, inadequate training, and an overuse of emergency departments and crisis teams. Such barriers result in delayed access to effective treatment, which increases risk of deterioration, disability, and morbidity. […] The limited availability of specialized, stepped care undermines the overall effectiveness of health care systems. […] The exploratory nature of qualitative research is a viable way to shed light on these experiences. […] The purpose of the present paper is to describe a protocol of a qualitative study that seeks to understand key stakeholders (ie, patients with severe BPD, caregivers, and clinicians) experiences with, expectations of, and suggestions for the current care pathway. […] This study will enhance our understanding of an important gap in our current health care system by exploring multiple perspectives on the care pathway for those with BPD. The findings of the study have the potential to inform training, practice, policy, and future research in this area.

• #86 JMIR Research Protocols – Bridging the Gap in Community Care for Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder: Protocol for Qualitative Inquiry Into Patient, Caregiver, and Clinician Perspectives on Service Gaps and Potential Solutions for Severe Emotion

  https://www.researchprotocols.org/2020/8/e14885

  Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by severe emotion dysregulation that is often complicated by comorbid diagnoses, deliberate self-harm, and chronic suicidal ideation. Unfortunately, current care pathways for individuals with BPD are strained by limited resources, inadequate training, and an overuse of emergency departments and crisis teams. Such barriers result in delayed access to effective treatment, which increases risk of deterioration, disability, and morbidity. […] The limited availability of specialized, stepped care undermines the overall effectiveness of health care systems. Perhaps one way to address this problem is to understand the experiences of individuals who have lived experiences in the current care pathway for BPD. […] The exploratory nature of qualitative research is a viable way to shed light on these experiences. Previous qualitative research demonstrates that patients often feel neglected and stigmatized by health care providers, caregivers feel overlooked by mental health services, and providers hold negative attitudes towards individuals with BPD.

• #87 Registered prevalence of borderline personality disorder in primary care databases | Gaceta Sanitaria

  http://gacetasanitaria.org/es-registered-prevalence-borderline-personality-disorder-articulo-S0213911112000568

  Registered prevalence of borderline personality disorder in primary care databases […] Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common personality disorder, with a population prevalence of 1.45.9%, although the epidemiology of this disorder in primary care is insufficiently known. Our objective was to determine the registered prevalence of BPD in primary care databases and to study the demographic and clinical characteristics of these patients. […] The prevalence of recorded BPD was 0.017%, and was higher in patients with other mental disorders, particularly substance-abuse disorders (0.161%). […] The number of diagnoses of BPD recorded in primary care is extremely low, which contrasts with the available population-based data. […] Although little is known about the prevalence and characteristics of patients with BPD in primary care, they are often great users of health services and have been described as difficult, demanding, manipulative and unwilling to respect rules.

• #88 Digital Commons @ Trinity

  https://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/psych_faculty/148/

  Several studies of the prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) in community and clinical settings have been carried out to date. […] Although results vary according to sampling method and assessment method, median point prevalence of BPD is roughly 1%, with higher or lower rates in certain community subpopulations. […] In clinical settings, BPD prevalence is around 10-12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 20-22% among inpatient clinics. […] Further research is needed to identify the prevalence and correlates of BPD in other clinical settings (e.g., primary care) and to investigate the impact of demographic variables on BPD prevalence.

• #89 Community and Clinical Epidemiology of Borderline Personality Disorder – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30447724/

  Several studies of the prevalence of borderline personality disorder in community and clinical settings have been carried out to date. Although results vary according to sampling method and assessment method, median point prevalence is roughly 1%, with higher or lower rates in certain community subpopulations. In clinical settings, the prevalence is around 10% to 12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 20% to 22% among inpatient clinics. Further research is needed to identify the prevalence and correlates of borderline personality disorder in other clinical settings (eg, primary care) and to investigate the impact of demographic variables on borderline personality disorder prevalence.

• #90 Community and Clinical Epidemiology of Borderline Personality Disorder

  https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br/index.php/acervo/buscador.html?task=detalhes&id=W2885830468

  Several studies of the prevalence of borderline personality disorder in community and clinical settings have been carried out to date. Although results vary according to sampling method and assessment method, median point prevalence is roughly 1%, with higher or lower rates in certain community subpopulations. […] In clinical settings, the prevalence is around 10% to 12% in outpatient psychiatric clinics and 20% to 22% among inpatient clinics. […] Further research is needed to identify the prevalence and correlates of borderline personality disorder in other clinical settings (eg, primary care) and to investigate the impact of demographic variables on borderline personality disorder prevalence.

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