Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Vitamin B12 & folate anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/

  Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia occurs when a lack of vitamin B12 or folate causes the body to produce abnormally large red blood cells that cant function properly. […] A deficiency in either of these vitamins can cause a wide range of problems, including: extreme tiredness, a lack of energy, pins and needles (paraesthesia), a sore and red tongue, mouth ulcers, muscle weakness, disturbed vision, psychological problems, which may include depression and confusion, problems with memory, understanding and judgement. […] Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia can cause a wide range of symptoms. These usually develop gradually but can worsen if the condition goes untreated. […] General symptoms of anaemia may include: extreme tiredness (fatigue), lack of energy (lethargy), breathlessness, feeling faint, headaches, pale skin, noticeable heartbeats (palpitations), hearing sounds coming from inside the body, rather than from an outside source (tinnitus), loss of appetite and weight loss.

• #1 Vitamin B12 & folate anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/

  If you have anaemia caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency, you may have other symptoms in addition to those listed above, such as: a pale yellow tinge to your skin, a sore and red tongue (glossitis), mouth ulcers, pins and needles (paraesthesia), changes in the way that you walk and move around, disturbed vision, irritability, depression, changes in the way you think, feel and behave, a decline in your mental abilities, such as memory, understanding and judgement (dementia). […] Additional symptoms in people with anaemia caused by a folate deficiency can include: symptoms related to anaemia, reduced sense of taste, diarrhoea, numbness and tingling in the feet and hands, muscle weakness, depression. […] It’s important for vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia to be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible because, although many of the symptoms improve with treatment, some problems caused by the condition can be irreversible.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/symptoms/

  Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia can cause a wide range of symptoms. These usually develop gradually, but can worsen if the condition goes untreated. […] Symptoms of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency anaemia include: rapid breathing or shortness of breath, headaches, indigestion, loss of appetite, palpitations, problems with your vision, feeling weak or tired, diarrhoea, a sore or red tongue, sometimes with mouth ulcers, problems with memory, understanding and judgment (cognitive changes). […] Vitamin B12 deficiency can also cause symptoms that affect your brain and nervous system (neurological symptoms), including: numbness, muscle weakness, psychological problems, which can range from mild depression or anxiety, to confusion and dementia, problems with balance and coordination, pins and needles, incontinence.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/symptoms/

  It’s important for vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia to be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. […] Although many of the symptoms improve with treatment, some problems caused by the condition can be irreversible if left untreated. […] The longer the condition goes untreated, the higher the chance of permanent damage.

• #3

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/a/article/anaemia,vitaminb12andfolatedeficiency

  Vitamin B12 or B9 (commonly called folate) deficiency anaemia occurs when a lack of vitamin B12 or folate causes the body to produce abnormally large red blood cells that cannot function properly. […] Vitamin B12 and folate perform several important functions in the body, including keeping the nervous system healthy. A deficiency in either of these vitamins can cause a wide range of problems, including: extreme tiredness, a lack of energy, pins and needles, a sore and red tongue, mouth ulcers, muscle weakness, problems with your vision, psychological problems, which can range from mild depression or anxiety to confusion and dementia, problems with memory, understanding and judgement. […] Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia can cause a wide range of symptoms. These usually develop gradually, but can worsen if the condition goes untreated. Most symptoms are the same whether they are caused by either folate deficiency or vitamin B12 deficiency. Symptoms of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency anaemia include: rapid breathing or shortness of breath, headaches, indigestion, loss of appetite, palpitations, problems with your vision, feeling weak or tired, diarrhoea, a sore or red tongue, sometimes with mouth ulcers, problems with memory, understanding and judgment (cognitive changes).

• #3

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/a/article/anaemia,vitaminb12andfolatedeficiency

  It’s important for vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia to be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. This is because although many of the symptoms improve with treatment, some problems caused by the condition can be irreversible. […] Although it’s uncommon, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency (with or without anaemia) can lead to complications, particularly if you have been deficient in vitamin B12 or folate for some time. Potential complications can include: problems with the nervous system, temporary infertility, heart conditions, pregnancy complications and birth defects. […] A lack of vitamin B12 can cause neurological problems, which affect your nervous system, such as: vision problems, memory loss, pins and needles, loss of physical co-ordination (ataxia), which can affect your whole body and cause difficulty speaking or walking, damage to parts of the nervous system (peripheral neuropathy), particularly in the legs. If neurological problems do develop, they can sometimes be irreversible.

• #4 Anemia – Vitamin B12–Deficiency Anemia | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/vitamin-b12-deficiency-anemia

  Vitamin B12deficiency anemia, also known as cobalamin deficiency, is a condition that develops when your body can’t make enough healthy red blood cells because it doesn’t have enough vitamin B12. Your body needs vitamin B12 to make healthy red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. […] If you have vitamin B12deficiency anemia, you may have the typical symptoms of anemia at first, such as fatigue, paleness, shortness of breath, headaches, or dizziness. If left untreated, you may start to notice brain and nervous system symptoms. This is because vitamin B12 is also needed for your brain and your nerves to work properly. […] Your symptoms may include: Tingling feelings or pain, Trouble walking, Uncontrollable muscle movements, Confusion, slower thinking, forgetfulness, and memory loss, Mood or mental changes, such as depression or irritability, Problems with smell or taste, Vision problems, Diarrhea and weight loss, Glossitis, which is a painful, smooth, red tongue.

• #4 Anemia – Vitamin B12–Deficiency Anemia | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/vitamin-b12-deficiency-anemia

  If your doctor diagnoses you with vitamin B12deficiency anemia, your treatment will depend on the cause and seriousness of your condition. Some people need lifelong treatment. […] Some symptoms may take months to improve, depending on how serious they are. Some symptoms related to the brain or the nerves, such as numbness and tingling, may not go away even with treatment. […] Vitamin B12deficiency may cause serious complications, such as bleeding, infections, and problems with your brain or nerves that may be permanent. Babies born to mothers who have vitamin B12deficiency may have developmental delays and birth defects of the brain and spinal cord.

• #5 Clinical Manifestations of Vitamin B-12 Deficiency | Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association

  https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/clinical-manifestations-vitamin-b-12-deficiency/2006-06

  White matter and axonal degeneration may be seen in the spinal cord, cerebrum or peripheral nerves of individuals suffering from chronic (5-10 years) vitamin B-12 deficiency. […] Symptoms such as numbness and paresthesias in the extremities, loss of position and vibratory sensation, difficulty walking, depression and irritability, diminished cognitive function (including memory impairment), and psychosis may be observed even in the absence of hematologic disease. […] Glossitis, cheliosis, anorexia, diarrhea, constipation and weight loss have been associated with vitamin B-12 deficiency.

• #6 Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Recognition and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0915/p384.html

  Maternal vitamin B12 deficiency during pregnancy or while breastfeeding may lead to neural tube defects, developmental delay, failure to thrive, hypotonia, ataxia, and anemia. […] Clinical evaluation seems to show an inverse relationship between the severity of megaloblastic anemia and the degree of neurologic impairment.

• #7 Anaemia, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency – Symptoms of vitamin B12 or fola

  https://www.ibdrelief.com/learn/complications-of-ibd/vitamin-and-mineral-deficiencies-in-ibd/vitamin-b12-and-ibd/anaemia-vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-symptoms-of-vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia

  If you have anaemia caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency, you may have other symptoms in addition to those listed above, such as: a pale yellow tinge to your skin, a sore and red tongue (glossitis), mouth ulcers, pins and needles (paraesthesia), changes in the way that you walk and move around, disturbed vision, irritability, depression, changes in the way you think, feel and behave, a decline in your mental abilities, such as memory, understanding and judgement (dementia). […] Additional symptoms in people with anaemia caused by a folate deficiency can include: numbness and tingling in the feet and hands, muscle weakness, depression.

• #7 Anaemia, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency – Symptoms of vitamin B12 or fola

  https://www.ibdrelief.com/learn/complications-of-ibd/vitamin-and-mineral-deficiencies-in-ibd/vitamin-b12-and-ibd/anaemia-vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-symptoms-of-vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia

  Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia can cause a wide range of symptoms. These usually develop gradually at first, and can worsen if the condition goes untreated. […] It’s important for vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia to be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible because, although many of the symptoms will improve with treatment, some problems caused by the condition can be irreversible. […] General symptoms of anaemia (where you have fewer red blood cells than normal or you have an abnormally low amount of a substance called haemoglobin in each red blood cell) include: extreme tiredness (fatigue), lack of energy (lethargy), breathlessness, feeling faint, headaches, pale skin, noticeable heartbeats (palpitations), hearing sounds coming from inside their body, rather than from an outside source (tinnitus), loss of appetite and weight loss.

• #8 Folate Deficiency: Symptoms, Causes & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22198-folate-deficiency

  Folate deficiency occurs when your body doesnt get enough folate. Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, mouth sores and neurological issues. Folate deficiency can cause a wide range of symptoms and complications. Folate deficiency during pregnancy can cause severe complications. Folate deficiency can also lead to folate deficiency anemia. Anemia can happen when your body doesnt have enough healthy red blood cells. Folate deficiency anemia can also cause your body to produce abnormally large red blood cells that dont function properly. One of the first symptoms of folate deficiency is extreme tiredness (fatigue). Other symptoms may include paleness, shortness of breath (dyspnea), irritability, and dizziness. Additional symptoms of folate deficiency may include lack of energy, muscle weakness, depression, weight loss, and diarrhea. If you increase your folate intake, the effects of folate deficiency should start to reverse. If you dont get enough folate, complications such as anemia will be ongoing.

• #9 Vitamin B12 deficiency – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12_deficiency

  A further complication of severe deficiency is the neurological complex known as subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord. This complex consists of the following symptoms: impaired perception of deep touch, pressure and vibration, loss of sense of touch, very annoying and persistent paresthesias, ataxia of dorsal column type, decrease or loss of deep muscle-tendon reflexes, pathological reflexes Babinski, Rossolimo and others, also severe paresis. […] The presence of peripheral sensory-motor symptoms or subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord strongly suggests the presence of a B12 deficiency instead of folate deficiency.

• #10 Folate Deficiency: Recognize Symptoms & Causes | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/folate-deficiency/

  Folic acid deficiency in the mother can cause defects in the neural tube, which is the structure that eventually develops into the baby’s spinal cord. Neural tube defects (NTDs) can include spina bifida, caudal regressive (affecting the lowest part of the spine), and cleft palate. […] In women with megaloblastic anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency must be ruled out before any folic acid treatment can begin.

• #10 Folate Deficiency: Recognize Symptoms & Causes | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/folate-deficiency/

  Folate deficiency is most commonly found in pregnant and lactating women, people with chronic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, people following restricted diets due to weight-loss regimes or medical conditions, people with alcohol dependence and people more than 65 years of age. […] Folate deficiency will not go away on its own. Treatment is required and may involve dietary changes and/or oral supplements and treatment of underlying causes, if any are present. If left untreated, folate deficiency may result in folate deficiency anemia, which can cause severe complications. […] Common symptoms of folate deficiency can include: Tiredness, fatigue and lethargy, Muscle weakness, Neurological signs, such as a feeling of pins and needles, tingling, or burning, or peripheral neuropathy, i.e. a numbness in the extremities, Psychological problems, such as depression, confusion, memory problems, problems of judgment and understanding, Gastrointestinal signs, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, weight loss and diarrhea, Headache and dizziness, Pallor, Shortness of breath.

• #11 Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/vitamin-b12-deficiency-anemia

  Your body stores 1,000 to 2,000 times as much vitamin B12 as you eat in a day. So it can take 2-5 years before you see signs of B12 deficiency. Some people with the condition don’t have any symptoms, at least at first. Here are the most common signs of B12 deficiency: […] You feel tired and lack energy. […] Your skin looks pale or yellow. […] You have nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. […] You feel dizzy. […] You have no appetite. […] You’ve lost weight without trying. […] Your heart beats too fast or you have chest pain. […] Your muscles feel weak. […] Your hands and feet feel like they’re numb or tingling. […] You have vision problems. […] You feel confused or forgetful. […] You have difficulty walking or speaking as you used to. […] Neurological problems from B12 deficiency may be permanent.

• #12 Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/diet/vitamin-b12-deficiency-symptoms-causes

  Vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms: […] – Weakness, tiredness, or lightheadedness […] – Heart palpitations and shortness of breath […] – Pale skin […] – A painful, smooth, inflamed tongue (glossitis) […] – Digestive issues […] – Bluish or gray-brown nails […] – Loss of appetite […] What happens if your vitamin B12 deficiency is left untreated? […] If you don’t treat your B12 deficiency, it can lead to more severe neurological problems, including: […] – Problems walking or speaking […] – Vision loss […] – Numbness or tingling […] – Muscle weakness […] – Difficulty remembering things […] – Depression or mood swings […] The stages of B12 deficiency are: […] Stage I. Low serum level. You have low levels of vitamin B12 in your blood. You have no B12 deficiency symptoms.

• #12 Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/diet/vitamin-b12-deficiency-symptoms-causes

  Stage II. Low cell store. You have low levels of B12 in your cells. […] Stage III. Biochemical deficiency. You have higher levels of the chemicals homocysteine and methylmalonic acid and reduced DNA synthesis, leading to neurological and psychological symptoms, such as confusion, mood swings, problems walking or talking, and irritability. […] Stage IV. Clinically evident deficiency. You get macrocytic anemia or very large red blood cells, which don’t work properly. You usually feel tired and weak. You also have the neurological and psychological symptoms of stage III.

• #13 Folate and vitamin B12: friendly or enemy nutrients for the elderly* | Proceedings of the Nutrition Society | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society/article/folate-and-vitamin-b12-friendly-or-enemy-nutrients-for-the-elderly/D8C38CD6D49977957C5B098623459519

  It is now commonly accepted that there are five stages of vitamin B12 deficiency that between them encompass the range from normal status to severe deficiency. […] Importantly, it is still not clear at which stage neurological damage first appears during decreasing vitamin B12 status. […] The most important benefit of folic acid fortification of staple foods (such as flour) is its ability to optimize folic acid intakes without any need for the consumer to change his/her food intake. […] Its accompanying disadvantage is the provision of additional folic acid to those who do not need it or who may in fact be in danger as a result of consuming it. […] It has been suggested that administration of high doses of folic acid might have precipitated neurological degeneration. […] This outcome could alter the presentation of vitamin B12 deficiency in the population (with a larger proportion of patients presenting with altered sensation and a smaller proportion presenting with symptoms of anaemia).

• #13 Folate and vitamin B12: friendly or enemy nutrients for the elderly* | Proceedings of the Nutrition Society | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society/article/folate-and-vitamin-b12-friendly-or-enemy-nutrients-for-the-elderly/D8C38CD6D49977957C5B098623459519

  Cobalamin deficiency can take years to develop. Consequently, the clinical symptoms of classical cobalamin deficiency, i.e. of severe megaloblastic anaemia combined with neuropsychiatric symptoms, are rarely seen today. […] However, vitamin B12 deficiency often goes unrecognized because the initial clinical manifestations are subtle and non-specific or are attributed to the normal ageing process. […] Detection and treatment of the early stages of cobalamin deficiency is important, particularly in patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms because they may fail to respond if therapy is delayed. […] The early stages of vitamin B12 deficiency will not lead to macrocytosis or anaemia, because biochemical vitamin B12 deficit precedes overt clinical deficiency with macro-ovalocytes and falling Hb levels.

• #13 Folate and vitamin B12: friendly or enemy nutrients for the elderly* | Proceedings of the Nutrition Society | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society/article/folate-and-vitamin-b12-friendly-or-enemy-nutrients-for-the-elderly/D8C38CD6D49977957C5B098623459519

  In the UK vitamin B12 deficiency occurs in approximately 20% of adults aged 65 years. This incidence is significantly higher than that among the general population. […] The incidence of, and the criteria for diagnosis of, deficiency have drawn much attention recently in the wake of the implementation of folic acid fortification of flour in the USA. […] It is argued that consuming additional folic acid (as synthetic pteroylglutamic acid) from fortified foods increases the risk of masking megaloblastic anaemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. […] Among older participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III 14% of anaemia was caused by folate and/or vitamin B12 deficiencies. A further 20% were caused by Fe deficiency combined with either folate or vitamin B12 deficiency. Thus, folate and/or vitamin B12 deficiencies are the cause of approximately one-third (34%) of cases of anaemia in the USA.

• #14 Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia – Health Information Library | PeaceHealth

  https://www.peacehealth.org/medical-topics/id/hw65706

  Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is a blood problem that occurs when your body doesn’t have enough of this vitamin. Your body needs B12 to make red blood cells, which carry oxygen. Without enough B12, your body doesn’t have enough red blood cells (anemia). Anemia can make you feel weak and tired. […] If your vitamin B12 deficiency is mild, you may not have symptoms or you may not notice them. Some people may think the symptoms are just the result of growing older. As the anemia gets worse, you may: Feel weak, tired, and lightheaded. Have pale skin. Have a sore, red tongue or bleeding gums. Feel sick to your stomach and lose weight. Have diarrhea or constipation. […] If the level of vitamin B12 stays low for a long time, it can damage your nerve cells. If this happens, you may have: Numbness or tingling in your fingers and toes. A poor sense of balance. Depression. A decrease in mental abilities.

• #15 Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia | HealthLink BC

  https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthwise/vitamin-b12-deficiency-anemia

  Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is a blood problem that occurs when your body doesn’t have enough of this vitamin. Your body needs B12 to make red blood cells, which carry oxygen. Without enough B12, your body doesn’t have enough red blood cells (anemia). Anemia can make you feel weak and tired. […] If your vitamin B12 deficiency is mild, you may not have symptoms or you may not notice them. Some people may think the symptoms are just the result of growing older. As the anemia gets worse, you may: Feel weak, tired, and light-headed. Have pale skin. Have a sore, red tongue or bleeding gums. Feel sick to your stomach and lose weight. Have diarrhea or constipation. […] If the level of vitamin B12 stays low for a long time, it can damage your nerve cells. If this happens, you may have: Numbness or tingling in your fingers and toes. A poor sense of balance. Depression. A decrease in mental abilities.

• #16 Vitamin B12 Deficiency – Nutritional Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/nutritional-disorders/vitamin-deficiency-dependency-and-toxicity/vitamin-b12-deficiency

  Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency usually results from inadequate absorption, but deficiency can develop in vegans who do not take vitamin supplements. Deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia, damage to the white matter of the spinal cord and brain, and peripheral neuropathy. […] Anemia usually develops insidiously. It is often more severe than its symptoms indicate because its slow evolution allows physiologic adaptation. […] Neurologic symptoms develop independently from and often without hematologic abnormalities. […] Subacute combined degeneration refers to degenerative changes in the nervous system due to vitamin B12 deficiency; they affect mostly brain and spinal cord white matter. Demyelinating or axonal peripheral neuropathies can occur. […] In early stages, decreased position and vibratory sensation in the extremities is accompanied by mild to moderate weakness and hyporeflexia. In later stages, spasticity, extensor plantar responses, greater loss of position and vibratory sensation in the lower extremities, and ataxia emerge. […] Some patients are also irritable and mildly depressed. Paranoia (megaloblastic madness), delirium, confusion, and, at times, postural hypotension may occur in advanced cases. The confusion may be difficult to differentiate from age-related dementias, such as Alzheimer disease.

• #17 Folate Deficiency Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/200184-clinical

  A modest temperature elevation (102F) is common in patients who are folate deficient, despite the absence of any infection. Although the underlying mechanism is obscure, the temperature typically falls within 24-48 hours of vitamin treatment and returns to normal within a few days. […] Failure to provide folic acid supplementation to pregnant females may lead to spontaneous abortion and fetal abnormalities, including neural tube defects and increased risk of severe language delay in the child. […] Providing only folic acid supplementation to a patient who has cobalamin deficiency may lead to development of irreversible neuropathies.

• #18 Folate, iron and vitamin B6 | Pernicious Anaemia Society

  https://pernicious-anaemia-society.org/folic-acid-iron-and-vitamin-b6/

  A deficiency of folate can cause anaemia, intestinal disorders, fatigue, depression and birth defects. […] Anaemia is often caused by an iron deficiency, but can also be caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12, B6 and/or folate. […] Neurological symptoms resulting from a vitamin B12 deficiency can be exacerbated by the administration of folic acid, resulting in nerve damage that can become permanent. […] The symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency include nervous system disorders, anaemia, loss of appetite, diarrhea, depression, skin problems, confusion, reduced resistance and glossitis.

• #19 Vitamin B12 or Folate Deficiency Anaemia – Oakwood Medical Centre

  https://www.oakwoodmedicalcentrebarnton.nhs.uk/clinics-and-services/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/

  Most people need to take folic acid tablets for about 4 months. But if the underlying cause of your folate deficiency anaemia continues, you may have to take folic acid tablets for longer, possibly for life. […] Before you start taking folic acid, your GP will check your vitamin B12 levels to make sure they’re normal. […] This is because folic acid treatment can sometimes improve your symptoms so much that it masks an underlying vitamin B12 deficiency. […] If a vitamin B12 deficiency is not detected and treated, it could affect your nervous system.

• #19 Vitamin B12 or Folate Deficiency Anaemia – Oakwood Medical Centre

  https://www.oakwoodmedicalcentrebarnton.nhs.uk/clinics-and-services/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/

  Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia is usually treated with injections of vitamin B12, called hydroxocobalamin. […] At first, you’ll have these injections every other day for 2 weeks (Loading dose) or until your symptoms have started improving. […] After this initial period, your treatment will depend on whether the cause of your vitamin B12 deficiency is related to your diet or whether the deficiency is causing any neurological problems, such as problems with thinking, memory and behaviour. […] If your vitamin B12 deficiency is not caused by a lack of vitamin B12 in your diet, you’ll usually need to have an injection of hydroxocobalamin every 2 to 3 months for the rest of your life. […] If you have had neurological symptoms that affect your nervous system, such as numbness or tingling in your hands and feet, caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency, you’ll be referred to a haematologist and may need to have injections every 2 months.

• #20 Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/

  Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency can lead to complications. But this is not common. Complications include: problems with the nervous system, temporary infertility, heart conditions, pregnancy complications and birth defects, risk of developing heart failure. […] Complications are more likely if you have a deficiency in the vitamin for some time. Some will improve with the right treatment. Others can be permanent, such as problems with the nervous system.

• #21

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/complications/

  As most cases of vitamin B12 deficiency or folate deficiency can be easily and effectively treated, complications are rare. […] But complications can occasionally develop, particularly if you have been deficient in either vitamin for some time. […] A lack of vitamin B12 can cause neurological problems, which affect your nervous system, such as: vision problems, memory loss, pins and needles, loss of physical co-ordination (ataxia), which can affect your whole body and cause difficulty speaking or walking, damage to parts of the nervous system (peripheral neuropathy), particularly in the legs. […] If neurological problems do develop, they can sometimes be irreversible. […] Vitamin B12 deficiency can sometimes lead to temporary infertility, an inability to conceive. […] A lack of folate (with or without anaemia) can also cause complications.

• #21

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/complications/

  As with a lack of vitamin B12, a folate deficiency can also affect your fertility. […] Research has shown a lack of folate in your body may increase your risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). […] Research has shown that folate deficiency can increase your risk of some cancers, such as colon cancer. […] A lack of folate during pregnancy may increase the risk of the baby being born prematurely (before the 37th week of pregnancy) or having a low birth weight. […] As with a vitamin B12 deficiency, a lack of folate can also affect an unborn baby’s growth and development in the womb (uterus). […] This increases the risk of neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, developing in the unborn baby.

• #22 Vitamin B12 Deficiency – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441923/

  Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to hematologic and neurological symptoms. […] B12 deficiency can lead to hematologic and neurologic symptoms. […] B12 deficiency can manifest as macrocytic anemia, and thus, the presenting symptoms often include signs of anemia, such as fatigue and pallor. […] Other presenting complaints may include peripheral neuropathy, glossitis, diarrhea, headaches, and neuropsychiatric disturbances. […] In more severe cases, the disease process can progress to involve the nervous system. […] A complete neurologic exam should evaluate for dementia, peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, and a loss of proprioception. […] Vitamin B12 deficiency is a serious disorder that, if not treated, can lead to severe neurological symptoms. […] For patients who are promptly treated with vitamin B12, the neurological symptoms of subacute combined degeneration partially resolve, and the progression may stop. […] In general, younger patients have better outcomes compared to older individuals. […] The best response is obtained in people with the absence of severe neurological deficits.

• #23 Folate Deficiency Anemia 101: Symptoms, Lab Testing, and Treatment

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/folate-deficiency-anemia-overview-symptoms-lab-testing-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Folate deficiency anemia is a type of megaloblastic anemia resulting from impaired DNA synthesis and RBC maturation. Large RBCs, called megaloblasts, are formed in the bone marrow and circulate through the body in smaller concentrations than usual. Not only does the rate of RBC synthesis decrease in folate deficiency, but megaloblasts also have shorter lifespans compared to healthy RBCs. Both of these factors may contribute to the development of anemia. (3) […] Anemia associated with folate deficiency presents with general and vague symptoms. Symptoms may appear gradually and generally tend to become more noticeable as the degree of anemia and deficiency increases. Common anemia symptoms may include (3): Cold extremities, Dizziness, Fatigue, Headaches, Irregular heart rate, Pale skin, Shortness of breath, Weakness.

• #23 Folate Deficiency Anemia 101: Symptoms, Lab Testing, and Treatment

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/folate-deficiency-anemia-overview-symptoms-lab-testing-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Additionally, you may also experience symptoms that could be related to folate deficiency (1): Angular Cheilitis: inflammation and cracking of the corners of the mouth, Changes in skin, hair, and fingernails, Cognitive impairment: difficult concentration, memory loss, confusion, Depression, Diarrhea, Glossitis: inflamed tongue with ulcerations. […] Unresolved anemia is associated with chronic fatigue and heart problems, as the heart must compensate for the lack of oxygen in the blood; this can lead to irregular heartbeat, enlargement of the heart, and in some cases, heart failure (3). […] There are associated health risks with folate deficiency, too. Insufficient maternal folate status during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of neural tube disorders, low infant birth weight, preterm delivery, and fetal growth restriction (2). Neuropsychiatric complications, including depression, insomnia, cognitive decline, and psychosis, are linked to folate deficiency (1).

• #24 Identify Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiency Symptoms

  https://www.medicinesteam.co.uk/post/vitamin-b12-and-folate-deficiency-anemia

  Psychological Symptoms: Depression, confusion, and memory problems may arise. […] Ignoring vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies can lead to serious health issues. […] Prolonged deficiency can cause irreversible nerve damage, leading to mobility issues and chronic pain. […] Deficiencies can increase homocysteine levels, a risk factor for heart disease. […] Temporary infertility can occur, particularly in women with low folic acid levels.

• #25 Practice Nursing – Understanding vitamin B12 and folate deficiency

  https://www.practicenursing.com/content/clinical/understanding-vitamin-b12-and-folate-deficiency/

  Vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies are common and have a big impact on sufferers’ lives. […] Diagnosis can often be problematic as many of the symptoms patients present with are shared with other conditions and can easily be attributed to other causes. Mild deficiency of B12 may cause no symptoms until it has progressed to be more severe. […] Symptoms can vary in severity ranging from mild to severe. […] Diagnosis can often be problematic as many of the symptoms patients present with are shared with other conditions and can easily be attributed to other causes. […] Vitamin B12 is vital for health and is essential for a number of physiological functions in the body, including the formation of healthy red blood cells, DNA synthesis and the healthy function of the nervous system and the brain. Folate has a similar role and is essential for the production of red blood cells, DNA and RNA synthesis, and is also important in helping to maintain brain function.

• #26 Anaemia, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency – Diagnosing vitamin B12 or folat

  https://www.ibdrelief.com/learn/complications-of-ibd/vitamin-and-mineral-deficiencies-in-ibd/vitamin-b12-and-ibd/anaemia-vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-diagnosing-vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia

  A diagnosis of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia can often be made by your GP based on your symptoms and the results of blood tests. […] These tests can often help identify people with a possible vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, but they are not necessarily conclusive, because some people can have problems with normal levels of these vitamins, and others can have low levels despite having no symptoms. […] This means it is very difficult to devise definitive criteria for the diagnosis of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, and this is why it is important for your symptoms to be taken into account when a diagnosis is made. […] If your symptoms and test results indicate you are likely to be deficient in either vitamin B12 or folate, your GP may arrange further tests to help identify the cause.

• #27 Folate Deficiency Anemia: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24196-folate-deficiency-anemia

  When symptoms occur, they may include: Tiredness (fatigue). Weakness in muscle strength during your daily activities. Lightheadedness or feeling like you might faint. Pale skin (pallor). Racing, pounding or missed heartbeats (heart palpitations). Shortness of breath (dyspnea). […] Treatment for folate deficiency anemia is usually successful. Within several months of taking or receiving vitamin B9 supplements, most people start producing healthy red blood cells again and their symptoms improve.

• #28 3.7 Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiency Anemia – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/3-7-vitamin-b12-and-folate-deficiency-anemia/

  Folate deficiency: Oral ulcers and beefy, red tongue. […] If vitamin B12 is not absorbed, neurological and hematological impairments will be seen as this vitamin plays a role in many chemical reactions throughout the body. […] When B12 is not present for this cycle, methylmalonic acid (MMA) accumulates, which can damage the myelin sheath that surrounds and insulates nerves. This can lead to the neurological symptoms that are seen with vitamin B12 deficiency. […] Common nursing interventions for clients with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia include the following: Monitor vitals because anemia can cause tachycardia and tachypnea. […] Perform comprehensive neurological assessments due to the neurological effects of vitamin B12 deficiency. If the client has been deficient in vitamin B12 for a prolonged amount of time, neurological symptoms may not be completely reversed even with adequate treatment.

• #29 Anaemia, vitamin B12 and folate deficiency | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/archive/anaemia-vitamin-b12-and-folate-deficiency-06-02-2009/

  A vitamin B12 deficiency is rare in younger people, and is most common in people who are over 75 years of age. Folate deficiency is also most common in people over 75 years of age. People following a strict vegan diet tend to be more at risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency. […] If your anaemia is being caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency, you may also notice other symptoms, including: yellow tinge to your skin (caused by jaundice, a condition which develops when a chemical called bilirubin builds up in the blood), sore and red tongue (glossitis), ulcers inside your mouth, altered, or reduced, sense of touch, reduced ability to feel pain, change in the way you walk and move around, disturbed vision, irritability, and depression. […] As well as the general symptoms of anaemia, a folate deficiency may also cause: loss of sensation, inability to control your muscles, and depression.

• #30 Vitamin B12 deficiency Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/vitamin-b12-deficiency.html

  Vitamin B12 deficiency can develop for the following reasons: […] Symptoms tend to develop slowly and may not be recognized immediately. As the condition worsens, common symptoms include: weakness and fatigue, light-headedness and dizziness, palpitations and rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, a sore tongue that has a red, beefy appearance, nausea or poor appetite, weight loss, diarrhea, yellowish tinge to the skin and eyes. […] If low levels of B12 remain for a long time, the condition also can lead to irreversible damage to nerve cells, which can cause the following symptoms: numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, difficulty walking, muscle weakness, irritability, memory loss, dementia, depression, psychosis. […] The outlook is excellent because this form of anemia responds well to treatment. However, it is possible that nerve cell damage will be permanent. Some residual damage to the nervous system may remain in people who sought treatment late in the illness.

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