Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Nearsightedness – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nearsightedness/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375561

  Nearsightedness is diagnosed with a basic eye exam. […] The standard goal of treating nearsightedness is to improve vision by helping focus light on your retina with corrective lenses or refractive surgery. […] Wearing corrective lenses treats nearsightedness by counteracting the increased curve of your cornea or the increased length of your eye. […] Refractive surgery reduces the need for eyeglasses and contact lenses. […] Surgical treatments are not an option for everyone with nearsightedness. Surgery is recommended only when nearsightedness is no longer progressing. Your surgeon explains the benefits and risks of surgical treatment options. […] Researchers and clinical practitioners continue to seek more-effective approaches to slow the progression of nearsightedness in children and adolescents. Therapies that show the most promise include:

• #2 Myopia (Nearsightedness): Causes, Symptoms &Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8579-myopia-nearsightedness

  Myopia treatments include glasses, contact lenses or surgery. […] Most cases of myopia are mild and easily managed with eyeglasses, contact lenses or refractive surgery. […] Glasses or contact lenses can correct myopia in children and adults. For adults only (with rare exceptions for children), there are several types of refractive surgeries that can also correct myopia. […] The most popular way for most people to correct myopia is with eyeglasses. […] Some people find that their distance vision is sharper and wider with contact lenses. […] Some people with mild myopia may be candidates for temporary corneal refractive contact lenses that you wear to bed to reshape your cornea temporarily, long enough to see for your daily activities. […] LASIK is a laser-assisted in situ keratomileus procedure, the most common surgery to correct nearsightedness.

• #3 Myopia (Nearsightedness): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options | European Eye Center

  https://europeaneyecenter.com/en/mi/myopia-treatment/

  Myopia Treatments […] The treatment of myopia, also known as nearsightedness, aims to improve distance vision and correct the refractive error in the eyes. There are several effective treatment options available, and the choice of treatment depends on the individuals age, degree of myopia, lifestyle, and personal preferences. Here are the common methods used for the treatment of myopia: […] Prescription eyeglasses are the most common and straightforward way to correct myopia. Concave lenses are used in eyeglasses to help focus light directly on the retina, improving distance vision. Eyeglasses provide a clear view of distant objects and are easy to use and maintain. […] Contact lenses offer an alternative to eyeglasses for correcting myopia. They work similarly by refracting light to focus directly on the retina. Contact lenses are available in various types, including soft lenses and rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses. They provide better peripheral vision than eyeglasses and are popular among those seeking a more natural appearance.

• #4 Myopia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopia

  Myopia can be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or by refractive surgery. Eyeglasses are the simplest and safest method of correction. Contact lenses can provide a relatively wider corrected field of vision, but are associated with an increased risk of infection. Refractive surgeries such as LASIK and PRK permanently change the shape of the cornea. Other procedures include implantable collamer lens (ICL) inside the anterior chamber in front of the natural eye lens. ICL doesn’t affect the cornea. […] The National Institutes of Health says there is no known way of preventing myopia, and the use of glasses or contact lenses does not affect its progression, unless the glasses or contact lenses are too strong of a prescription. There is no universally accepted method of preventing myopia and proposed methods need additional study to determine their effectiveness. Optical correction using glasses or contact lenses is the most common treatment; other approaches include orthokeratology, and refractive surgery. Medications (mostly atropine) and vision therapy can be effective in addressing the various forms of pseudomyopia.

• #5 Comprehensive Myopia Treatment CEC | Clarkson Eyecare

  https://www.clarksoneyecare.com/eye-care-treatments/myopia-treatment

  Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis, or LASIK, is a popular refractive surgery that uses a laser to reshape the cornea, correcting myopia by allowing light to focus more precisely on the retina. […] Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) also reshapes the cornea with a laser, but unlike LASIK, it removes the corneas outer layer, which then regrows naturally. […] SMILE, or Small Incision Lenticule Extraction, is a less invasive refractive surgery that creates a small, lens-shaped piece of tissue with a laser that is removed through a tiny incision. […] Myopia often cannot be entirely prevented, but specific measures can reduce risk. […] An eye exam is the best way to determine if you are at risk of nearsightedness. […] Myopia can be easily diagnosed through a basic eye examination. […] Through a basic eye exam, Clarkson Eyecares refractive error experts can enhance your distance vision and maintain your overall eye health. […] If youre experiencing the symptoms of nearsightedness, schedule an appointment at Clarkson Eyecare to take the first step towards clear vision.

• #6 Myopia: Is There a Cure for Nearsightedness?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/can-nearsightedness-be-cured

  Refractive surgery: Procedures such as LASIK, photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) use lasers to reshape the cornea and provide permanent vision correction. However, these procedures aren’t suitable for everyone and carry some potential risks and side effects. […] Orthokeratology: Also called Ortho-K, this nonsurgical treatment involves wearing special contact lenses overnight to reshape the cornea temporarily. The cornea retains its new shape throughout the day, allowing clear vision without the need for glasses or contacts. […] Low dose atropine eye drops: These drops are typically used to dilate the pupil of the eye before eye exams or eye surgery. Low concentrations of these drops can slow down the progression of myopia in children and adolescents.

• #7

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/myopia-control-in-children

  Myopia is corrected with glasses, contact lenses or surgery in some cases. […] Doctors are looking at ways to slow the progression of myopia in children. While myopia cannot be reversed, the goal of treatment is to keep it from getting worse. This can protect a child’s eye health in the future, despite still needing to wear glasses or contact lenses. […] When given to children in small amounts for 2 to 3 years, atropine eye drops may slow the progression of myopia. […] Low-dose atropine for myopia is used for children between 5 and 18 years old. […] These special contact lenses are worn by children 6 to 12 years of age with myopia. […] Peripheral defocus contact lenses might not work in all cases. […] Orthokeratology is a contact lens that a child wears overnight to correct blurry distance vision during the day.

• #8 Nearsightedness – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nearsightedness/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375561

  Low doses of atropine eye drops may also help slow the progression of nearsightedness. […] Spending time outdoors during childhood, adolescence and the early adult years may decrease the risk of developing nearsightedness. […] A type of dual focus contact lens has shown some effect in slowing progression of nearsightedness. […] A rigid contact lens worn at night temporarily reshapes the cornea. The lens is not worn during the day. Studies have shown that this therapy may slow the progression of nearsightedness.

• #9 Myopia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopia

  The use of reading glasses when doing close work may improve vision by reducing or eliminating the need to accommodate. Altering the use of eyeglasses between full-time, part-time, and not at all does not appear to alter myopia progression. The American Optometric Association’s Clinical Practice Guidelines found evidence of effectiveness of bifocal lenses and recommends it as the method for „myopia control”. In some studies, bifocal and progressive lenses have not shown differences in altering the progression of myopia compared to placebo. […] Anti-muscarinic topical medications in children under 18 years of age may slow the worsening of myopia. These treatments include pirenzepine gel, cyclopentolate eye drops, and atropine eye drops. While these treatments were shown to be effective in slowing the progression of myopia and reducing eyeball elongation associated with the condition, side effects included light sensitivity and near blur.

• #10 Myopia and Treatment of Myopia In Children

  https://aapos.org/glossary/myopia-and-treatment-of-myopia-in-children

  The contact lens types that are helpful to slow myopia include MiSight lenses, bifocal contact lenses and lenses that are worn nightly to change the shape of the cornea (orthokeratology). […] Eye drops called low dose atropine have also been shown to help keep nearsightedness from getting much worse. Atropine is an eye drop that has been used for a long time in eye care to make the pupil (black spot in the center of the colored part of the eye) larger. The low small dose atropine for treatment of nearsightedness has very little effect on the size of the pupil and does not cause blurred vision when focusing at near. It is a treatment that has been well tolerated in children. Studies in many countries show that the drops help to slow nearsightedness. […] A yearly eye exam is recommended to check on myopia. If treatment to slow the rate of the nearsighted is started, the child may need to be seen multiple times a year and may need extra testing to help understand if the treatment is working.

• #11 Myopia Management | CooperVision

  https://coopervision.com/myopia-management

  Their nearsightedness shouldnt. […] MiSight 1 day contact lenses are the first and ONLY soft contact lenses that are FDA approved* to slow the progression of myopia in children 8-12 years of age at initiation of treatment. […] Helping your child manage their nearsightedness starts with a comprehensive eye exam. Your Eye Care Professional will be able to determine the amount of vision correction your child needs now, and tell you if theyre a good candidate for wearing MiSight 1 day contact lenses to help slow future myopia progression. […] MiSight 1 day contact lenses are FDA-approved* to slow the progression of myopia in children 8 to 12 years of age at initiation of treatment1. […] The progression of myopia slowed by 59% on average in children who wore MiSight 1 day contact lenses as compared to those who didnt1.

• #12 Myopia Management | IllinoisEyeInstitute

  https://www.illinoiseyeinstitute.org/myopia-management

  The MiSight 1 day daily disposable contact lens is currently the only FDA approved treatment in the United States for slowing the progression of myopia. […] Daily wear multifocal soft contact lenses involves wearing multifocal soft contact lenses during the daytime only as the method of nearsighted correction. The FDA has approved the use of these lenses for the purpose of myopia control. […] Overnight orthokeratology contact lenses involves wearing specially designed orthokeratology contact lenses while sleeping overnight as the method of nearsighted correction. Successfully fit orthokeratology lenses are removed upon awakening and provide clear uncorrected vision throughout the day. […] The Illinois College of Optometry and Illinois Eye Institute has been leading the research in myopia management.

• #13 Which is the best option for myopia control? | My Kids Vision

  https://www.mykidsvision.org/knowledge-centre/which-is-the-best-option-for-myopia-control

  Ortho-k contact lenses are worn overnight and removed upon waking, such that no spectacles or contact lenses are required for clear vision during the day. […] Ortho-k lenses appear to be just as effective as the best options for spectacle lenses and soft contact lenses. […] Ortho-k’s effectiveness for myopia control has been researched in children from age 6, for several years of wearing time. […] Atropine eye drops for myopia control, though, are a low-concentration (0.01% to 0.05%) with much fewer such side effects. […] With atropine eye drop treatment for myopia control, spectacles or contact lenses are still needed to correct the blurred vision from myopia, as atropine only acts to slow myopia progression. […] The effectiveness of atropine for myopia control has been researched in children from age 4 up to 15-16 years.

• #14 Myopia Treatment – Union Square Eye Care

  https://www.usqeyecare.com/conditions-treatments/myopia-treatment-nyc/

  Myopia is a common eye disorder, affecting an estimated 40% of Americans. […] Treatments for high myopia are designed to slow the progression of the retinal degeneration. […] The most effective methods are orthokeratology contact lenses, soft multifocal contact lenses and the topical drug atropine. […] Orthokeratology, or ortho-k, is a non-surgical method to treat myopia. […] Improvements in vision are temporary but can be maintained when the lenses are worn regularly. […] Clinical studies report that FDA approved Ortho-K lenses can provide significant vision improvement of 20/40 or better. […] Ortho-k is sometimes recommended to correct children’s vision, since their vision can change into their teens and beyond. […] Soft multifocal lenses slow progression of myopia, but are worn during the day.

• #15

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/myopia-control-in-children

  Wearing Ortho-K lenses only improves vision for a short time. […] There is a risk of infection with Ortho-K lenses. […] Make sure your child spends more time outdoors. Limit screen time on computers or other digital devices. By balancing screen time with outdoor time, you may help limit your child’s myopia and protect their vision as they grow older.

• #16 Reduce the risk of myopia in children – Boston Children’s Answers

  https://answers.childrenshospital.org/ways-to-prevent-myopia/

  Myopia — also known as nearsightedness, or the inability to see things far away — is becoming more prevalent in children. […] Dr. Chan has hope that despite projections such as half the world’s population will be nearsighted by 2050, myopia can be prevented. […] The formative years from birth to age 6 will determine the shape of their eyes and could lessen their chances of having myopia. […] A proper amount of dopamine to the retina will slow elongation of the eye. […] The things that children do indoors are also connected to an increased risk of myopia, Dr. Chan says. […] Breaks from learning on electronics — or even reading printed books — could be helpful. […] Studies suggest that spending around two hours a day outdoors can prevent myopia. […] Taking steps to prevent or even slow myopia could help your child avoid the risk of developing other eye conditions. […] If your child is nearsighted, there are treatment options to slow down myopia and potentially decrease complications later in life. Treatments include specially designed contact lenses and atropine eye drops. […] “Myopia is an epidemic,” says Dr. Chan. “It doesn’t have to be.”

• #17 5 Effective Methods for the Natural Treatment of Myopia | Eye Doctors 眼科医生 in California | Golden Vision Optometry

  https://goldenvision2020.com/resources/5-effective-methods-for-the-natural-treatment-of-myopia/

  Many of us find ourselves spending long hours in front of screens, which can lead to a condition known as myopia, or nearsightedness. This refractive error causes distant objects to appear blurry while close objects remain clear. […] If you’ve been diagnosed with myopia, you might be wondering if there are natural ways to treat it. Good news—there are several methods you can integrate into your daily life to help manage and potentially slow its progression including: Eye exercises, Outdoor time and natural light exposure, Limiting screen time and reducing eye strain, Nutritional support for eye health, Proper eye care practices. […] While eye exercises may not eliminate myopia entirely, they can strengthen your eye muscles and improve focus flexibility. […] Spending more time outdoors has been linked to a reduced risk of developing myopia in children. Natural light exposure stimulates the production of dopamine in the eyes, which helps regulate eye growth.

• #18 5 Effective Methods for the Natural Treatment of Myopia | Eye Doctors 眼科医生 in California | Golden Vision Optometry

  https://goldenvision2020.com/resources/5-effective-methods-for-the-natural-treatment-of-myopia/

  In our technology-driven world, excessive screen time is a primary contributor to eye strain and potentially worsening myopia. […] A balanced diet plays a crucial role in maintaining eye health. Nutrients that can help support better vision include: Omega-3 fatty acids, Zinc, Vitamins C and E. […] Proper eye care goes beyond regular check-ups. Simple practices can make a significant difference in managing myopia. […] No single method will be a magic cure for myopia, but combining several strategies can have a positive impact. Adopting a holistic approach that incorporates these natural methods can slow the progression of myopia and improve your eye health.

• #19 Myopia Control Therapy

  https://eyecare-nj.com/blog/myopia-control-therapy/

• #20 Myopia (Nearsightedness): Causes, Symptoms &Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8579-myopia-nearsightedness

  Vision therapy: This is an option if spasms of your focusing muscles cause myopia. You can strengthen the muscles through eye exercises and improve your focus. This treatment isnt appropriate for everyone with myopia. After an eye exam, your ophthalmologist will let you know if its an option for you.

• #21 Myopia and Vision Therapy – Optometrists.org

  https://www.optometrists.org/childrens-vision/guide-to-pediatric-eye-conditions/what-is-myopia/myopia-and-vision-therapy/

  Vision therapy not only treats lazy eye, eye turn, or learning difficulties, but may also prevent or slow the progression of myopia. […] While a cure for myopia has yet to be found, vision therapy can help by targeting certain factors that contribute to myopia (short-sighted). […] Vision therapy may not be able to treat or fully reverse myopia; however, some people may benefit from preventing or slowing down the progression of myopia. […] Poor focusing skills have been linked to myopia, so many patients report that their myopia symptoms have improved during or after the vision therapy process. […] However, pseudo-myopia can be treated with vision therapy, assuming the accommodation spasm was the only culprit for blurry vision at a distance. […] While the research on this subject is still ongoing, vision therapy may be able to improve a persons blurry vision in many cases.

• #22 Treatment Options for Myopia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2729053/

  Recent well-designed studies using topical atropine, a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, have demonstrated statistically and clinically significant reductions in the progression of myopia. […] Myopia progression in the untreated eyes of both groups was similar to that of the control eyes. […] A new clinical trial is currently underway in Singapore that evaluates different concentrations of atropine applied to both eyes and that also will measure progression of myopia after treatment is stopped. […] Pirenzepine, like atropine, is a muscarinic antagonist but it is less likely to produce mydriasis and cycloplegia. […] Many of the studies summarized above show statistically significant differences between experimental and control treatments for slowing the progression of myopia, but most of the results are not considered to be clinically meaningful. […] Treatment options not previously discussed and likely to hold promise are correction of peripheral ametropia/aberrations and provision of extensive outdoor activity.

• #23 Myopia Management Treatment | [gsp_location_name]

  https://www.newjerseyeyesite.com/myopia-management-optometrist/

  The methods above address the myopia by reversing it. They address the problem long-term so it does not progress. […] We can also reduce how quickly someone becomes more nearsighted, with the following options. These impact the progression, but dont reverse the process. […] The good news is that in our office, we are experienced with all of these modalities. We can and often combine therapies, for example, Ortho-k and Vision Therapy. […] Each method has its benefits. We are happy to discuss the risks and benefits of each.

• #24 Which is the best option for myopia control? | My Kids Vision

  https://www.mykidsvision.org/knowledge-centre/which-is-the-best-option-for-myopia-control

  Based on current research evidence, many of these options are similarly effective. These are the new design 'lenslet’ spectacle lenses, myopia controlling soft contact lenses, ortho-k and atropine 0.05%. […] All of these options have been shown to slow myopia progression in children and teenagers by at least half, compared to kids wearing single vision spectacle or contact lenses (which is considered a non-treatment). […] Your child’s age can also factor into suitability of specific treatments. […] The best option for your child will depend on many factors, as described above.

• #25 Myopia Management for Children and Teens | Midwest Eye Associates

  https://www.midwesteyeassociates.com/eye-care-services/myopia-management-optometrist/what-treatments-are-used-in-myopia-management/

  Myopia management involves various strategies and treatments to reduce myopia progression. […] Effective myopia management can help maintain your child’s vision health and reduce the risk of severe eye conditions later in life. […] MiSight 1 Day Contact Lenses are proven to slow myopia progression in children. […] Corneal Refractive Therapy (CRT) involves wearing specially designed rigid contact lenses overnight. […] Low-dose atropine is a medicated eye drop used at bedtime to slow the progression of myopia in children. […] We will develop a personalized myopia management program utilizing the latest technologies and treatment options to effectively manage your child’s nearsightedness. […] Our optometrists aim to provide personalized care and effective treatments to ensure your child’s myopia is effectively managed.

• #26 Nearsightedness – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nearsightedness/symptoms-causes/syc-20375556

  Nearsightedness is a common vision condition in which close objects look clear but far objects look blurry. […] A basic eye exam can confirm nearsightedness. You can correct the blurry vision with eyeglasses, contact lenses or refractive surgery. […] The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends regular vision screenings to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment. […] If a problem is found in a screening test, you’ll likely need to schedule a complete eye exam with an optometrist or ophthalmologist. […] The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends that healthy adults with no known problems with vision or eye disease should get a complete eye exam on the following schedule: At least once between ages 20 and 29. […] If you have diabetes, a family history of eye disease, high blood pressure, or other risks of heart or vascular disease, you’ll likely need more-regular eye exams.

• #27

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/myopia-nearsightedness-treatment

  Your eye doctor can diagnose myopia as part of a comprehensive eye examination. He or she will use a standard vision test and ask you to read letters on a chart placed at the other end of the room. […] There is no best method for correcting myopia. The most appropriate correction for you depends on your eyes and your lifestyle. Discuss your lifestyle with your ophthalmologist. Together, you can decide which correction may be most effective for you. […] Eyeglasses or contact lenses are the most common methods of correcting myopia symptoms. They work by refocusing light rays on the retina, compensating for the shape of your eye. […] In many cases, people may choose to correct myopia with LASIK or another form of refractive surgery. These surgical procedures improve your vision by reshaping the cornea. The reshaped cornea focuses light properly onto the retina.

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