Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Diagnosis and Management of Contact Dermatitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/0801/p249.html

  Contact dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythematous and pruritic skin lesions that occur after contact with a foreign substance. […] Localized acute allergic contact dermatitis lesions are successfully treated with mid- or high-potency topical steroids, such as triamcinolone 0.1% or clobetasol 0.05%. […] If allergic contact dermatitis involves an extensive area of skin (greater than 20 percent), systemic steroid therapy is often required and offers relief within 12 to 24 hours. […] In patients with contact dermatitis, the priority is to identify and avoid the causative substance. […] Cool compresses can soothe the symptoms of acute contact dermatitis, and calamine lotion and colloidal oatmeal baths may help dry and soothe acute, oozing lesions. […] Localized acute allergic contact dermatitis lesions are successfully treated with mid- or high-potency topical steroids, such as triamcinolone 0.1% (Kenalog, Aristocort) or clobetasol 0.05% (Temovate).

• #1 Management of allergic contact dermatitis in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-allergic-contact-dermatitis-in-adults

  Management of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is based upon the identification of the offending allergen, avoidance of exposure, use of safe alternatives, and treatment of symptoms. […] The management of ACD is based upon the identification of the offending allergen, avoidance of exposure, use of safe alternatives, and treatment of symptoms.

• #1 Contact Dermatitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/contact-dermatitis

  Most times, contact dermatitis isn’t a cause for concern. But get medical attention if your rash: is close to your eyes or mouth, covers a large area of your body, doesn’t improve with home treatment. […] Moisturizing ointments applied to the skin may help relieve itchy, dry, and scaly skin associated with contact dermatitis. These ointments can also provide a protective layer and help reduce water loss. […] A doctor may also prescribe a topical corticosteroid cream, depending on the severity of your dermatitis. […] Contact dermatitis will usually go away on its own when you avoid the irritant or allergen, but symptoms can still be uncomfortable. […] You can manage most cases of contact dermatitis with over-the-counter treatments and by avoiding the allergen or irritant causing your symptoms. More severe cases, or if your rash develops an infection, may require a doctor’s help.

• #1 Allergic Contact Dermatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532866/

  In cases of chronic or recalcitrant ACD, use patch testing to identifying the causative agent. Successful patch testing requires several components: choice of appropriate chemicals for testing, a positive patch test to relevant allergens, and patient counseling of patch test results. Additionally, the American Contact Dermatitis Society’s Contact Allergen Management Program (CAMP) can be utilized to generate a safe list of products that do not contain the patient’s allergens. In the case where allergens are unavoidable, systemic therapy may be necessary. […] The goal of the treatment of allergic contact dermatitis is to decrease the inflammatory response that is triggered by the type 4 hypersensitivity reaction. Reactions caused by strong sensitizers may require quicker and more aggressive treatment as the intensity of dermatitis will increase. Identifying and removing the allergen is the most effective definitive treatment. Ointment-based moisturizers and steroids are preferred vehicles of treatment as creams contain a variety of chemicals and preservatives.

• #1 Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/allergic-contact-dermatitis

  What is the treatment for allergic contact dermatitis? […] It is important to recognise how you are in contact with the responsible substance so that, where possible, you can avoid it. […] Find out precisely what you are allergic to by having comprehensive patch tests. […] Identify where the allergen is found, thus read labels of all products before use. […] Carefully study your environment to locate the allergen. Note: many chemicals have several names, and cross-reactions to similar chemicals with different names are common. […] Wear appropriate gloves to protect hands from touching materials to which you react and remove gloves in the appropriate way. Some chemicals will penetrate certain gloves; seek a safety expert’s advice. […] Ask your dermatologist to help. […] Active dermatitis is usually treated with the following:

• #1 Contact Dermatitis Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/contact-dermatitis-overview

  Identifying the trigger is essential for correct advice to be given. Avoidance is key to treating the rash. If avoidance is not possible, the rash may become chronic, disabling and lead to a major impairment in quality of life. Advice might include: For acute symptoms, cold compresses can help with the itch. For patients with oozing lesions, Burrows solution (aluminum triacetate), calamine, and/or oatmeal baths can also be utilized. In hand dermatitis, avoiding excessive hand washing and using non-irritating moisturizers is recommended. Choose mild soaps, moisturizers, and detergents without dyes or perfumes. Wear gloves to protect your hands and other body parts from exposure if contact with these chemicals is unavoidable, however be aware that you can become allergic to chemicals in the gloves as well. In foot dermatitis, the use of barrier socks may be helpful. Wash skin immediately after contact with an allergen to limit the spread and severity of the reaction such as after known contact with a plant allergen (poison ivy). Apply covers over metal fasteners in clothing to avoid contact with nickel.

• #1 Contact Dermatitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/contact-dermatitis

  Contact dermatitis is a skin condition that develops as a reaction to an external substance. Treatment will depend on the underlying cause. […] Treatment for contact dermatitis will depend on the severity and overall spread of your symptoms. […] According to the AAD, the best treatment for contact dermatitis is to avoid the trigger or irritant. However, this is not always possible. […] Some ways to help improve your symptoms at home may include: applying emollients to the area to help protect and moisturize, avoiding scratching the irritated skin to prevent a skin infection, using mild soap and lukewarm water to clean your skin, using anti-itch treatments like calamine lotion, taking an antihistamine drug to help relieve itching and reduce your allergic response. […] A doctor may also prescribe a stronger steroid cream if home treatments don’t soothe your skin. However, these are only short-term treatments because they may cause side effects.

• #1 Understanding Contact Dermatitis | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/understanding-contact-dermatitis

  Treatment can help relieve itching and reduce inflammation. If the cause of the problem is avoided, the rash should go away in a few days to a few weeks. Treatments include: […] Steroid cream or ointment. You can apply this medicine several times a day on clean skin. […] Cool, moist compress. Use a clean damp cloth. Put it on the area for 20 to 30 minutes, 5 to 6 times a day for the first 3 days. […] Oral corticosteroid. Your healthcare provider may prescribe this medicine if you have severe skin symptoms on a large part of your body. Your provider may give you a steroid injection instead of pills. […] Oral antihistamine. This medicine can help reduce itching. It may also make you drowsy. […] Colloidal oatmeal bath. Soaking in water with colloidal oatmeal can help soothe skin. […] Plain (without medicine) cream, lotion, or ointment. These can help soothe and protect your skin.

• #1 Contact Dermatitis – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/contact-dermatitis-a-to-z

  Your doctor usually will treat contact dermatitis with the following: […] An oral antihistamine to control the itch. Common antihistamines include: […] A corticosteroid to relieve skin inflammation. In most cases, the corticosteroid can be applied as a cream or ointment. If symptoms are severe, corticosteroids can be given by mouth or by injection. […] A moisturizer to help restore the normal texture of the skin. Your doctor may suggest a nonirritating ointment or cream that contains few potential allergens. Examples include: […] For many people, oatmeal baths (Aveeno) also help.

• #1 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=90&contentid=p01679

  Treatment will depend on your child’s symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is. […] Treatment may include: […] Identifying and stopping exposure to the irritant or allergen. […] Washing your child’s skin with soap and water as soon as possible after contact. Wash all areas, including the face, neck, hands, and in between the fingers. […] Using wet, cold cloths (compresses) on the skin. This is to help reduce symptoms and ease inflammation. […] Using wet dressings for oozing areas. They may help decrease itching and improve healing. Ask your child’s healthcare provider or nurse for instructions. […] Putting corticosteroid cream or ointment on the skin. This may help to lessen itching and other symptoms. The cream or ointment may be over the counter or prescription.

• #1 Get Contact Dermatitis Treatment Online – TeleMed2U

  https://www.telemed2u.com/dermatology/contact-dermatitis

  There are several home remedies that can provide temporary relief from the rash and itching: Apply cool compresses to the rash for 15 minutes several times a day, Soak in a cool bath with baking soda or colloidal oatmeal, Apply over-the-counter anti-itch cream with at least 1% hydrocortisone, Take an oral anti-itch drug such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl), Don’t scratch to avoid spreading or infecting it; cover with a loose dressing if you can’t avoid scratching, Wear plastic or rubber gloves when cleaning or using chemicals. […] Identify and avoid all known irritants and allergens.

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• #1 Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049216-overview

  The definitive treatment for allergic contact dermatitis is the identification and removal of any potential causal agents; otherwise, the patient is at increased risk for chronic or recurrent dermatitis. Treatments also include the following: […] Topical corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment, although acute, severe allergic contact dermatitis, such as from poison ivy, often needs to be treated with a 2-week course of systemic corticosteroids. […] Topical immunomodulators (TIMs): Approved for atopic dermatitis, but they are also prescribed for cases of allergic contact dermatitis when they offer safety advantages over topical corticosteroids. […] Phototherapy: Administered to individuals with chronic allergic contact dermatitis that is not controlled well by topical corticosteroids; these patients may benefit from treatment with a combination of psoralen (a photosensitizer) and ultraviolet-A (PUVA).

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contact-dermatitis/treatment/

  If your skin is also sore and inflamed, a GP may prescribe a topical corticosteroid (a cream or ointment applied directly to your skin) that can quickly reduce the inflammation. […] When used as instructed by a pharmacist or doctor, corticosteroids are a safe and effective treatment for contact dermatitis. […] Different strengths of topical corticosteroids can be prescribed, depending on the severity of your contact dermatitis and where the affected skin is. […] When using corticosteroids, apply the treatment in a thin layer to all the affected areas. […] If you have a severe episode of contact dermatitis and it covers a large area of your skin, a doctor may prescribe corticosteroid tablets. […] If the treatments prescribed by a GP are not successfully controlling your symptoms, they may refer you for assessment and treatment by a dermatologist. […] Further treatments that may be available from a dermatologist include immunosuppressant therapy medicines that reduce inflammation by suppressing your immune system.

• #1 Allergic contact dermatitis – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/allergic-contact-dermatitis/

  Avoidance of exposure to allergens is the mainstay of management for allergic contact dermatitis. In addition, the following adjunctive measures should be initiated for acute relief. […] Symptomatic therapy includes cool compresses, calamine lotion, emollients, and colloidal oatmeal baths. […] Wet dressings are recommended for oozing, crusting lesions. […] Topical corticosteroids are preferred for localized dermatitis. Initial treatment involves a mid-potency topical steroid (e.g., triamcinolone). […] If there is no clinical improvement, escalate to a high-potency topical steroid (e.g., clobetasol). […] Consider systemic steroids (e.g., prednisone) if 20% of the body surface area is affected or if rapid relief is desired (e.g., involvement of the face and eyelids). […] Use low-potency topical steroids (e.g., desonide) on areas of thinner skin (e.g., face, genitals, flexural surfaces). […] Avoid long-term use of topical steroids to prevent local skin atrophy and systemic side effects. […] Antihistamines, though commonly used, are generally not effective for treating pruritus associated with allergic contact dermatitis.

• #1 Contact Dermatitis – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/contact-dermatitis

  Your provider will recommend treatment based on what is causing the problem. In some cases, the best treatment is to do nothing to the area. […] Often, treatment includes washing the area with a lot of water to get rid of any traces of the irritant that are still on the skin. You should avoid further exposure to the substance. […] Emollients or moisturizers help keep the skin moist, and also help skin repair itself. They protect the skin from becoming inflamed again. They are a key part of preventing and treating irritant contact dermatitis. […] Topical corticosteroid medicines are commonly used to treat contact dermatitis. […] Your provider may also prescribe other creams or ointments, such as tacrolimus or pimecrolimus, to use on the skin. […] In severe cases, you may need to take corticosteroid pills. Your provider will start you on a high dose and your dose will be slowly reduced over about 12 days. You may also receive a corticosteroid shot. […] Wet dressings and soothing anti-itch (antipruritic) lotions may be recommended to reduce other symptoms. […] Topical corticosteroids should be used only for short periods. Long-term use increases the risk of developing more irritant contact dermatitis.

• #1 Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/allergic-contact-dermatitis

  Emollient creams […] […] Topical steroids […] […] Topical or oral antibiotics for secondary infection […] […] Oral steroids, usually short courses, for severe cases […] […] Phototherapy or photochemotherapy. […] […] Azathioprine, ciclosporin or another immunosuppressive agent. […] […] Tacrolimus ointment and pimecrolimus cream are immune-modulating calcineurin inhibitors and may prove helpful for allergic contact dermatitis.

• #1 Allergic Contact Dermatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532866/

  The only definitive treatment of ACD is the identification and removal of the offending agent, and all patients with suspected or confirmed ACD should be advised of this. First-line medical therapy includes topical steroids when ACD is confined to less than 20% of the body, and oral corticosteroids when greater than 20% of the body is involved. If ACD involves a delicate area such as skin folds or eyelids, topical calcineurin inhibitors or PDE4 inhibitors may also be effective. Upon identification of the allergen, strict avoidance is necessary to prevent a recurrence. Symptomatic management includes oral antihistamines, topical hydrocortisone, and cool water soaks. Vesicles should not be ruptured as there is a risk of infection. The use of moisturizers is a recommended adjunct. […] For severe cases, topical immunomodulators like tacrolimus may be beneficial. Some patients may benefit from phototherapy using UV A plus psoralen. Rarely in severe cases, one may require immunosuppressive agents like mycophenolate.

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  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contact-dermatitis/treatment/

  If the substance causing your contact dermatitis can be identified and avoided, your symptoms should improve and may even clear up completely. […] There are a number of treatments to help ease your symptoms if it’s not possible for you to avoid the substance causing them. […] A pharmacist will be able to recommend treatments like emollients (moisturisers), which you rub on your skin to stop it becoming dry. […] One of the most important steps in treating contact dermatitis is identifying and avoiding the allergens or irritants that affect you. […] Emollients are moisturising treatments applied directly to the skin to reduce water loss and cover it with a protective film. […] Several different emollients are available. You may need to try a few to find one that works for you. […] If you’ve been using a particular emollient for some time, it may eventually become less effective or may start to irritate your skin.

• #1 Contact Dermatitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/eczema/types-of-eczema/contact-dermatitis/

  The best way to manage contact dermatitis is to identify the trigger that is causing the reaction and avoid it. […] Basic contact dermatitis care includes: Avoiding contact with known triggers (this may involve wearing protective clothing, like gloves, if contact is unavoidable) […] Frequent moisturizing to lock moisture into the skin to help repair the skin barrier, combat dryness and keep out irritants and allergens. […] When its not possible to avoid the trigger, some of the same treatments used to treat atopic dermatitis can also be used to treat contact dermatitis. […] There are many treatment options available, including: Over-the-counter medicines like hydrocortisone […] Topical prescription medications that are applied to the skin […] Biologic prescription medicines, which are given by injection

• #1

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/contact-dermatitis/treatment/

  If you identify and avoid the substance causing your contact dermatitis, your symptoms can improve. […] There are treatments to ease your symptoms if you cannot avoid the substance. […] A pharmacist can recommend treatments like emollients. Emollients are moisturising treatments that you put on your skin. Emollients can stop your skin from becoming dry. […] An important step in treating contact dermatitis is to identify the substance that causes your symptoms. […] If you’re in contact with irritants as part of your job, wear protective clothing. This reduces your contact with the irritant. […] Several different emollients are available. You may need to try a few to find one that works for you. […] Your GP may recommend a mix of emollients, such as: an ointment for very dry skin, a cream or lotion for less dry skin, an emollient to use instead of soap, an emollient to use on your face and hands, and a different one to use on your body.

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  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/contact-dermatitis/treatment/

  Emollients may become less effective over time or may start to irritate your skin. If this is the case, your pharmacist can recommend another product. […] If your skin is also sore and inflamed, your GP may prescribe a topical corticosteroid. Topical corticosteroids are creams or ointments that you apply to your skin. They can quickly reduce the inflammation. […] Corticosteroids are a safe and effective treatment for contact dermatitis. […] Your GP can prescribe different strengths of topical corticosteroids. This depends on how serious your contact dermatitis and where the affected skin is. […] Follow the instructions given by your GP. […] If you have severe contact dermatitis, do not use the topical corticosteroid more than twice a day. Most people only have to use it once a day.

• #1 Diagnosis and Management of Contact Dermatitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/0801/p249.html

  If allergic contact dermatitis involves an extensive area of skin (greater than 20 percent), systemic steroid therapy is often required and offers relief within 12 to 24 hours. […] In severe rhus dermatitis, oral prednisone should be tapered over two to three weeks because rapid discontinuation of steroids can cause rebound dermatitis. […] Some patients may be allergic to preservatives used in the base of steroid creams. Steroid ointment is recommended because it allows the medication to maintain contact with the skin longer and there is little risk of an allergic reaction (allergic reaction to the steroid itself is rare). […] Although antihistamines are generally not effective for pruritus associated with allergic contact dermatitis, they are commonly used.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40629-023-00246-9

  Anti-inflammatory therapy for contact dermatitis must always be adapted to the specific individual situation. […] The choice of therapy should be based on the acute nature, clinical severity, morphology of the lesions, and localization. […] Topical glucocorticoids exhibit an anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and antiproliferative mechanism of action. […] Systemic glucocorticoids may be indicated for extensive or severe acute contact dermatitis and exacerbations of chronic contact dermatitis usually short-term (up to maximum 2 weeks) 0.5-1 mg/kg body weight [bw]/day prednisolone equivalent with rapid tapering off. […] The topical calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are immunomodulators. […] Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors modulate Th2, Th22, Th1, and Th17 signaling pathways, among others, and have selective immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties.

• #1 Diagnosis and management of contact dermatitis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20672788/

  Contact dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythematous and pruritic skin lesions that occur after contact with a foreign substance. […] Localized acute allergic contact dermatitis lesions are successfully treated with mid- or high-potency topical steroids, such as triamcinolone 0.1% or clobetasol 0.05%. […] If allergic contact dermatitis involves an extensive area of skin (greater than 20 percent), systemic steroid therapy is often required and offers relief within 12 to 24 hours. […] In patients with severe rhus dermatitis, oral prednisone should be tapered over two to three weeks because rapid discontinuation of steroids can cause rebound dermatitis. […] If treatment fails and the diagnosis or specific allergen remains unknown, patch testing should be performed.

• #1 Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049216-overview

  Immunosuppressive agents: Chronic immunosuppressive agents are, in rare instances, used to treat recalcitrant cases of severe, chronic, widespread allergic contact dermatitis or severe hand dermatitis that prevents a patient from working or performing daily activities. […] Disulfiram: Occasionally, an individual who is highly allergic to nickel and has severe vesicular hand dermatitis will benefit from treatment with disulfiram (Antabuse); the drug has a chelating effect.

• #1 Contact dermatitis

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/contact-dermatitis

  How is contact dermatitis treated? Once the causes of contact dermatitis are identified, it is important to avoid direct contact with them. But whatever the cause of the dermatitis, the barrier function of the skin has been damaged and further dermatitis may occur if exposed to irritants. […] The rash can be treated with a short course of topical corticosteroid creams. Apply emollients frequently while the rash is active and for some weeks afterwards as the normal skin barrier function is restored. […] Severe contact dermatitis may be treated with a short course of systemic corticosteroids, e.g. oral prednisone. Occasionally, for chronic contact dermatitis, phototherapy may be tried, or immunosuppressive agents such as methotrexate, ciclosporin or azathioprine may be prescribed.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40629-023-00246-9

  Alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) has proven efficacy and approval for the treatment of severe chronic hand eczema unresponsive to standard therapy. […] Dupilumab, a human monoclonal antibody, inhibits signaling of IL4 and IL-13, both of which are key cytokines of Th2 inflammation, and has no currently known additional immunosuppressive effects. […] Systemic immunosuppressants such as ciclosporin, azathioprine, and methotrexate (MTX) have traditionally been used for a variety of indications, either alone, in combination, or as glucocorticoid-sparing systemic therapeutics. […] Various forms of phototherapy are classically used for contact dermatitis, especially chronic hand eczema. […] Basic therapy with skin care products to restore the skin barrier is an essential component in the treatment of contact dermatitis.

• #1 Allergic Contact Dermatitis | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/treatments/allergic-contact-dermatitis

  For patients with severe allergic contact dermatitis and for whom avoidance cannot be reasonably pursued, biologic therapy with dupilumab may be discussed. Dupilumab is FDA approved for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (a distinct condition) in patients 6 months and older. Preliminary studies have demonstrated (off-label) improvement of symptoms for patients with allergic contact dermatitis treated with dupilumab.

• #1 Contact Dermatitis – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/dermatitis/contact-dermatitis

  Treatment includes topical corticosteroids, antipruritics, and avoidance of irritants and allergens. […] Topical treatment includes cool compresses (saline or Burow solution) and corticosteroids. Patients with mild to moderate ACD are given mid- to high-potency topical corticosteroids (eg, triamcinolone 0.1% ointment or betamethasone valerate cream 0.1%). […] Oral corticosteroids, given as a 7 to 14 day course, can be used for severe blistering or extensive disease. […] Systemic antihistamines (eg, hydroxyzine, diphenhydramine) help relieve pruritus; antihistamines with low anticholinergic potency, such as low-sedating H1 blockers, are not as effective. […] Wet-to-dry dressings can soothe oozing blisters, dry the skin, and promote healing. […] Treatment commonly includes cool compresses, topical corticosteroids, and systemic antihistamines as needed for pruritus.

• #1 Contact Dermatitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/contact-dermatitis

  Depending on how bad your symptoms are, you may be able to treat your contact dermatitis at home, or you may need to see your doctor. […] Your doctor may prescribe steroid creams or ointments. When applied to the skin, these treatments can help soothe the rash. Your doctor can tell you how often and for how long you should use these medicines. […] If you have a severe case of contact dermatitis, your doctor may prescribe pills to treat it. These can relieve itching, reduce swelling, or fight infection. […] Call your doctor if your rash is: Painful, Keeping you from sleeping or distracting you during the day, Sudden, Spreading over a large part of your body, On your face or genitals, Not better after a couple of days, Oozing or infected, Affecting your eyes, nose, or lungs. […] Depending on how severe it is, they may prescribe: Steroid pills, creams, or ointment, Antihistamines, Immunosuppressive medications for severe cases. […] Your doctor can do skin tests to find out what you are allergic to. […] If you can’t avoid what’s bothering your skin, talk to your doctor about wearing gloves or using creams to keep it safe.

• #1 Dermatitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dermatitis-eczema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352386

  The treatment for dermatitis varies, depending on the cause and your symptoms. If home care steps don’t ease your symptoms, your doctor may prescribe medicine. Possible treatments include: […] Applying to the rash a prescription-strength corticosteroid cream, gel or ointment. […] Applying to the rash a cream or ointment with a calcineurin inhibitor. This is a medicine that affects the immune system. You’ll need a prescription from your doctor for it. […] Exposing the rash to controlled amounts of natural or artificial light. This method is called light therapy or phototherapy. […] Using prescription-strength pills or injected medicine, for more-severe disease. Examples are oral corticosteroids or an injectable biologic called dupilumab. […] Using wet dressings, a medical treatment for severe atopic dermatitis. It involves applying a corticosteroid ointment, wrapping it with wet bandages and topping that with a layer of dry gauze.

• #1 Atopic Dermatitis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0515/p590.html

  Do not use systemic (oral or injected) corticosteroids as a long-term treatment for atopic dermatitis. […] Liberal application of fragrance-free emollients (moisturizers) is an essential part of daily prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis regardless of disease severity. […] Regular bathing helps hydrate and cleanse the skin by removing scales, crusts, bacteria, allergens, and irritants. […] Topical corticosteroids, which are the first-line treatment for atopic dermatitis flare-ups, decrease the inflammatory immune response. […] Topical calcineurin inhibitors are steroid-sparing immunomodulators used to treat atopic dermatitis in patients two years and older. […] Narrow band ultraviolet B phototherapy is an effective second-line treatment for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis.

• #1

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/contact-dermatitis/treatment/

  The treatment can start to have an effect within a few days. Speak to your GP if you are using a topical corticosteroid and your symptoms have not improved. […] If you have severe contact dermatitis that covers a large area of your skin, your GP may prescribe corticosteroid tablets. […] If the treatments prescribed by your GP do improve your symptoms, they may refer you to a dermatologist (skin specialist). […] Treatments that may be available from a dermatologist include: phototherapy, immunosuppressant therapy, alitretinoin capsules for severe eczema affecting the hands.

• #1 Contact Dermatitis Treatment | What to Do for Contact Dermatitis

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/skin-hair-and-nails/what-to-do-for-contact-dermatitis

  In general, for wet rashes like diaper rash, expose the area to the air as much as possible to dry the rash out. For dry rashes, such as cracked skin from handwashing dermatitis, apply emollients like creams and lotions to moisten the skin. […] For contact dermatitis on the face, gently rinse the area with cool water. Avoid the product you believe caused the rash. You may need to eliminate all facial products and add them back one at a time to determine the cause.

• #1 Contact Dermatitis Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/contact-dermatitis-overview

  Topical steroids are anti-inflammatory medications. They help to get the rash under control more quickly and are usually applied 1-2 times a day. Topical steroids come in different formulations and strengths. Milder topical steroids such as hydrocortisone can be purchased over the counter. If the rash is not improving after 7 days or getting worse, you should consult your physician. A more potent topical steroid may be required, but should be used sparingly in sensitive areas such as the face, underarms and groin as they can thin the skin and cause stretch marks. […] Antihistamines may be given for the relief of the itch associated with CD but topical steroids are likely to be more effective in rash resolution. […] Topical calcineurin inhibitors (pimecrolimus, tacrolimus) are anti-inflammatory agents that may provide another option in patients with ACD or ICD. However, they are not FDA approved for CD. They do not cause skin thinning, which is beneficial for the treatment of patients with facial dermatitis and dermatitis in other sensitive areas (bending areas, genitals). The most common adverse effects encountered are burning and itch at the application site.

• #1 Atopic Dermatitis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0515/p590.html

  Patients with atopic dermatitis are susceptible to skin infections because of the disruption of the epidermis. […] Oral antihistamines are not routinely recommended for atopic dermatitis, because there is no evidence that they reduce pruritus. […] Evidence supporting popular over-the-counter supplements, including evening primrose oil, oral borage oil, probiotics, and St. John’s wort, as effective treatments for atopic dermatitis is lacking. […] Crisaborole (Eucrisa) is a topical, steroid-sparing phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor that was FDA-approved in 2016 to treat mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in patients two years and older. […] Dupilumab (Dupixent) is an injectable monoclonal antibody that was FDA-approved in 2017 to treat moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in patients 12 years and older who had an inadequate response or could not tolerate standard therapy. […] Poor adherence to treatment is a major factor affecting treatment outcomes in patients with atopic dermatitis.

• #1 Allergic Contact Dermatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532866/

  The most important step in the management of allergic contact dermatitis is the removal of the offending agent. Toxicities and adverse effects to monitor are related to the treatment options. It is crucial to control the strength of the topical steroids to appropriate dosages as the most common adverse effect of these medications is thinning of the skin. […] This disease stays with the affected populations throughout their lives. Strict avoidance of the allergen needs to be the implemented strategy. Management of the inflammatory response is the essential goal in treatment.

• #1 Contact Dermatitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/eczema/types-of-eczema/contact-dermatitis/

  Oral prescription medications, which are taken by mouth in the form of a pill. […] Its important to discuss your treatment options with your doctor to assess what works best for you. […] To avoid recurring contact dermatitis symptoms, its critical to identify and avoid contact with the allergen(s) or irritant(s) that triggered your flare as much as possible.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40629-023-00246-9

  As a widespread disease, contact dermatitis affects all age groups with a high prevalence and incidence. […] Once the contact substance irritant or allergen has been identified, the key to therapeutic success lies in its strict avoidance. Symptomatic therapy of contact dermatitis should always be individualized and based on the stage of eczema. Topical glucocorticoids are considered first-line therapy for both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. […] Systemic therapy is considered when topical therapy is ineffective or not feasible. In this context, the short-term use of systemic glucocorticoids should be limited to extensive or clinically severe acute contact dermatitis and exacerbations of chronic contact dermatitis. […] The efficacy of the use of newer biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors in contact dermatitis is currently being evaluated in several clinical trials.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contact-dermatitis/

  Contact dermatitis usually improves or clears up completely if the substance causing the problem is identified and avoided. Treatments are also available to help ease the symptoms. […] A GP may refer you to a doctor who specialises in treating skin conditions (dermatologist) for further tests if your symptoms are not responding to treatment. […] However, as this is not always possible, you may also be advised to use: emollients moisturisers applied to the skin to stop it becoming dry; topical corticosteroids steroid ointments and creams applied to the skin to relieve severe symptoms. […] If you have a severe episode of contact dermatitis and it covers a large area of your skin, a doctor may prescribe oral corticosteroids, but this is rare.

• #1 Allergic Contact Dermatitis > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/dermatitis

  Treatments include avoiding the allergen, hydrocortisone cream, and topical steroids. […] Yale Medicine dermatologists have highly specialized expertise in treating complex skin disorders, including skin testing to determine the specific cause of a person’s allergic contact dermatitis. […] Allergic contact dermatitis is best treated by identifying and avoiding the allergen(s) that you are sensitized to. […] For symptom relief, applying a hydrocortisone cream and taking an antihistamine can help stop itching. Your doctor may prescribe topical steroids, and if the condition is widespread and more severe, it can be treated with systemic steroids such as Prednisone, which doctors will sometimes prescribe to ensure that the condition is fully treated. […] Fully evaluating allergic contact dermatitis through patch testing, especially when its recurrent, can provide a patient with substantial quality of life improvements. According to Dr. Choate, The minute that you figure out what’s causing reactions, you can have patients modify their lifestyles and everything goes away. It’s really remarkable.

• #2 Contact dermatitis – treatments, symptoms and prevention | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/contact-dermatitis

  Contact dermatitis is a common red and itchy rash that happens when your skin touches an irritant or allergen. […] Treatment involves avoiding the trigger and may include using creams or other medicines. […] Your doctor may prescribe you a steroid (anti-inflammatory) cream or tablet. […] Your doctor may also recommend therapies with ultraviolet light or special X-rays. […] Treatment for contact dermatitis involves finding the allergen or irritant and avoiding it. Your rash should slowly go away once you avoid the trigger.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40629-023-00246-9

  As a widespread disease, contact dermatitis affects all age groups with a high prevalence and incidence. […] Once the contact substance irritant or allergen has been identified, the key to therapeutic success lies in its strict avoidance. Symptomatic therapy of contact dermatitis should always be individualized and based on the stage of eczema. Topical glucocorticoids are considered first-line therapy for both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. […] Systemic therapy is considered when topical therapy is ineffective or not feasible. In this context, the short-term use of systemic glucocorticoids should be limited to extensive or clinically severe acute contact dermatitis and exacerbations of chronic contact dermatitis. […] The efficacy of the use of newer biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors in contact dermatitis is currently being evaluated in several clinical trials.

• #2 Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/allergic-contact-dermatitis

  What is the treatment for allergic contact dermatitis? […] It is important to recognise how you are in contact with the responsible substance so that, where possible, you can avoid it. […] Find out precisely what you are allergic to by having comprehensive patch tests. […] Identify where the allergen is found, thus read labels of all products before use. […] Carefully study your environment to locate the allergen. Note: many chemicals have several names, and cross-reactions to similar chemicals with different names are common. […] Wear appropriate gloves to protect hands from touching materials to which you react and remove gloves in the appropriate way. Some chemicals will penetrate certain gloves; seek a safety expert’s advice. […] Ask your dermatologist to help. […] Active dermatitis is usually treated with the following:

• #2 Contact Dermatitis Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/contact-dermatitis-overview

  Identifying the trigger is essential for correct advice to be given. Avoidance is key to treating the rash. If avoidance is not possible, the rash may become chronic, disabling and lead to a major impairment in quality of life. Advice might include: For acute symptoms, cold compresses can help with the itch. For patients with oozing lesions, Burrows solution (aluminum triacetate), calamine, and/or oatmeal baths can also be utilized. In hand dermatitis, avoiding excessive hand washing and using non-irritating moisturizers is recommended. Choose mild soaps, moisturizers, and detergents without dyes or perfumes. Wear gloves to protect your hands and other body parts from exposure if contact with these chemicals is unavoidable, however be aware that you can become allergic to chemicals in the gloves as well. In foot dermatitis, the use of barrier socks may be helpful. Wash skin immediately after contact with an allergen to limit the spread and severity of the reaction such as after known contact with a plant allergen (poison ivy). Apply covers over metal fasteners in clothing to avoid contact with nickel.

• #2 Understanding Contact Dermatitis | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/understanding-contact-dermatitis

  Treatment can help relieve itching and reduce inflammation. If the cause of the problem is avoided, the rash should go away in a few days to a few weeks. Treatments include: […] Steroid cream or ointment. You can apply this medicine several times a day on clean skin. […] Cool, moist compress. Use a clean damp cloth. Put it on the area for 20 to 30 minutes, 5 to 6 times a day for the first 3 days. […] Oral corticosteroid. Your healthcare provider may prescribe this medicine if you have severe skin symptoms on a large part of your body. Your provider may give you a steroid injection instead of pills. […] Oral antihistamine. This medicine can help reduce itching. It may also make you drowsy. […] Colloidal oatmeal bath. Soaking in water with colloidal oatmeal can help soothe skin. […] Plain (without medicine) cream, lotion, or ointment. These can help soothe and protect your skin.

• #2 Allergic contact dermatitis – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/allergic-contact-dermatitis/

  Avoidance of exposure to allergens is the mainstay of management for allergic contact dermatitis. In addition, the following adjunctive measures should be initiated for acute relief. […] Symptomatic therapy includes cool compresses, calamine lotion, emollients, and colloidal oatmeal baths. […] Wet dressings are recommended for oozing, crusting lesions. […] Topical corticosteroids are preferred for localized dermatitis. Initial treatment involves a mid-potency topical steroid (e.g., triamcinolone). […] If there is no clinical improvement, escalate to a high-potency topical steroid (e.g., clobetasol). […] Consider systemic steroids (e.g., prednisone) if 20% of the body surface area is affected or if rapid relief is desired (e.g., involvement of the face and eyelids). […] Use low-potency topical steroids (e.g., desonide) on areas of thinner skin (e.g., face, genitals, flexural surfaces). […] Avoid long-term use of topical steroids to prevent local skin atrophy and systemic side effects. […] Antihistamines, though commonly used, are generally not effective for treating pruritus associated with allergic contact dermatitis.

• #2 Contact Dermatitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/contact-dermatitis

  Contact dermatitis is a skin condition that develops as a reaction to an external substance. Treatment will depend on the underlying cause. […] Treatment for contact dermatitis will depend on the severity and overall spread of your symptoms. […] According to the AAD, the best treatment for contact dermatitis is to avoid the trigger or irritant. However, this is not always possible. […] Some ways to help improve your symptoms at home may include: applying emollients to the area to help protect and moisturize, avoiding scratching the irritated skin to prevent a skin infection, using mild soap and lukewarm water to clean your skin, using anti-itch treatments like calamine lotion, taking an antihistamine drug to help relieve itching and reduce your allergic response. […] A doctor may also prescribe a stronger steroid cream if home treatments don’t soothe your skin. However, these are only short-term treatments because they may cause side effects.

• #2 Contact Dermatitis – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/dermatitis/contact-dermatitis

  Treatment includes topical corticosteroids, antipruritics, and avoidance of irritants and allergens. […] Topical treatment includes cool compresses (saline or Burow solution) and corticosteroids. Patients with mild to moderate ACD are given mid- to high-potency topical corticosteroids (eg, triamcinolone 0.1% ointment or betamethasone valerate cream 0.1%). […] Oral corticosteroids, given as a 7 to 14 day course, can be used for severe blistering or extensive disease. […] Systemic antihistamines (eg, hydroxyzine, diphenhydramine) help relieve pruritus; antihistamines with low anticholinergic potency, such as low-sedating H1 blockers, are not as effective. […] Wet-to-dry dressings can soothe oozing blisters, dry the skin, and promote healing. […] Treatment commonly includes cool compresses, topical corticosteroids, and systemic antihistamines as needed for pruritus.

• #2 Diagnosis and Management of Contact Dermatitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/0801/p249.html

  If allergic contact dermatitis involves an extensive area of skin (greater than 20 percent), systemic steroid therapy is often required and offers relief within 12 to 24 hours. […] In severe rhus dermatitis, oral prednisone should be tapered over two to three weeks because rapid discontinuation of steroids can cause rebound dermatitis. […] Some patients may be allergic to preservatives used in the base of steroid creams. Steroid ointment is recommended because it allows the medication to maintain contact with the skin longer and there is little risk of an allergic reaction (allergic reaction to the steroid itself is rare). […] Although antihistamines are generally not effective for pruritus associated with allergic contact dermatitis, they are commonly used.

• #2 Contact Dermatitis | Rady Children’s Hospital

  https://www.rchsd.org/programs-services/dermatology/eczema-and-inflammatory-skin-disease-center/other-inflammatory-diseases/contact-dermatitis/

  Contact dermatitis refers to a group of common eczematous conditions in which an inflammatory reaction in the skin is triggered by direct contact with an environmental agent. […] In both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, history of an inciting agent helps to make the diagnosis; consequently, removal of the agent should result in clearing of the dermatitis. […] Mid-potency topical corticosteroids are generally used to control itching and hasten healing for lesions not involving the face, axilla or groin. In these areas, low-potency preparations such as 1 percent hydrocortisone cream or topical calcineurin inhibitors (Elidel or Protopic) should be used. Oral corticosteroids are indicated for treatment of severe cases. When used, oral corticosteroids should be taken for approximately one week and then tapered over one to two additional weeks to prevent rebound flaring of the dermatitis.

• #2 Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049216-overview

  The definitive treatment for allergic contact dermatitis is the identification and removal of any potential causal agents; otherwise, the patient is at increased risk for chronic or recurrent dermatitis. Treatments also include the following: […] Topical corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment, although acute, severe allergic contact dermatitis, such as from poison ivy, often needs to be treated with a 2-week course of systemic corticosteroids. […] Topical immunomodulators (TIMs): Approved for atopic dermatitis, but they are also prescribed for cases of allergic contact dermatitis when they offer safety advantages over topical corticosteroids. […] Phototherapy: Administered to individuals with chronic allergic contact dermatitis that is not controlled well by topical corticosteroids; these patients may benefit from treatment with a combination of psoralen (a photosensitizer) and ultraviolet-A (PUVA).

• #2 Dermatitis: Types, Treatments, Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4089-dermatitis

  Your healthcare provider may prescribe one or more of the following medications: Moisturizing creams. Creams that hydrate and help restore the skin barrier. Calcineurin inhibitors. These topical medications decrease inflammation. Corticosteroid creams and ointments. Corticosteroids decrease inflammation. Phosphodieterase-4 inhibitors. This also helps with inflammation. Biologics. This injection blocks functions of the immune system that affect dermatitis. Oral medications. Pills that reduce immune responses that affect dermatitis. Antihistamines. These are used, sometimes, for contact dermatitis. Antibiotics: These can be used for people who have perioral dermatitis. […] No treatment can claim to eliminate the symptoms of dermatitis 100% of the time. Treatments manage symptoms with varying degrees of success. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best treatments for you. […] Yes, if your usual healthcare provider is unable to help with your dermatitis. Dermatologists specialize in skin conditions.

• #2 Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/allergic-contact-dermatitis

  Emollient creams […] […] Topical steroids […] […] Topical or oral antibiotics for secondary infection […] […] Oral steroids, usually short courses, for severe cases […] […] Phototherapy or photochemotherapy. […] […] Azathioprine, ciclosporin or another immunosuppressive agent. […] […] Tacrolimus ointment and pimecrolimus cream are immune-modulating calcineurin inhibitors and may prove helpful for allergic contact dermatitis.

• #2 Irritant Contact Dermatitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049353-treatment

  The definitive treatment of irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is the identification and removal of any potential causal agents. […] After the identification and removal of any potential causal agents, the use of ceramide-containing creams or bland emollients and bland barrier creams (eg, those containing dimethicone) are the mainstays of medical treatment for patients with ICD. […] Topical corticosteroids play a limited role in the treatment of ICD. […] Systemic therapy may be considered if topical therapy is not effective or not feasible. Short-term (14 d) use of corticosteroids may be considered for severe acute cases and for exacerbations of chronic cases. […] Topical tacrolimus can be used as an alternative to topical corticosteroids, but it occasionally is an irritant that may produce further stinging and irritation in persons with ICD. […] Multidisciplinary consultations may be required when many workers become affected with ICD in a workplace.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contact-dermatitis/treatment/

  If the substance causing your contact dermatitis can be identified and avoided, your symptoms should improve and may even clear up completely. […] There are a number of treatments to help ease your symptoms if it’s not possible for you to avoid the substance causing them. […] A pharmacist will be able to recommend treatments like emollients (moisturisers), which you rub on your skin to stop it becoming dry. […] One of the most important steps in treating contact dermatitis is identifying and avoiding the allergens or irritants that affect you. […] Emollients are moisturising treatments applied directly to the skin to reduce water loss and cover it with a protective film. […] Several different emollients are available. You may need to try a few to find one that works for you. […] If you’ve been using a particular emollient for some time, it may eventually become less effective or may start to irritate your skin.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40629-023-00246-9

  Alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) has proven efficacy and approval for the treatment of severe chronic hand eczema unresponsive to standard therapy. […] Dupilumab, a human monoclonal antibody, inhibits signaling of IL4 and IL-13, both of which are key cytokines of Th2 inflammation, and has no currently known additional immunosuppressive effects. […] Systemic immunosuppressants such as ciclosporin, azathioprine, and methotrexate (MTX) have traditionally been used for a variety of indications, either alone, in combination, or as glucocorticoid-sparing systemic therapeutics. […] Various forms of phototherapy are classically used for contact dermatitis, especially chronic hand eczema. […] Basic therapy with skin care products to restore the skin barrier is an essential component in the treatment of contact dermatitis.

• #2 Contact Dermatitis Treatment | What to Do for Contact Dermatitis

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/skin-hair-and-nails/what-to-do-for-contact-dermatitis

  In general, for wet rashes like diaper rash, expose the area to the air as much as possible to dry the rash out. For dry rashes, such as cracked skin from handwashing dermatitis, apply emollients like creams and lotions to moisten the skin. […] For contact dermatitis on the face, gently rinse the area with cool water. Avoid the product you believe caused the rash. You may need to eliminate all facial products and add them back one at a time to determine the cause.

• #2 Contact Dermatitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/contact-dermatitis

  Depending on how bad your symptoms are, you may be able to treat your contact dermatitis at home, or you may need to see your doctor. […] Your doctor may prescribe steroid creams or ointments. When applied to the skin, these treatments can help soothe the rash. Your doctor can tell you how often and for how long you should use these medicines. […] If you have a severe case of contact dermatitis, your doctor may prescribe pills to treat it. These can relieve itching, reduce swelling, or fight infection. […] Call your doctor if your rash is: Painful, Keeping you from sleeping or distracting you during the day, Sudden, Spreading over a large part of your body, On your face or genitals, Not better after a couple of days, Oozing or infected, Affecting your eyes, nose, or lungs. […] Depending on how severe it is, they may prescribe: Steroid pills, creams, or ointment, Antihistamines, Immunosuppressive medications for severe cases. […] Your doctor can do skin tests to find out what you are allergic to. […] If you can’t avoid what’s bothering your skin, talk to your doctor about wearing gloves or using creams to keep it safe.

• #2 Diagnosis and management of contact dermatitis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20672788/

  Contact dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythematous and pruritic skin lesions that occur after contact with a foreign substance. […] Localized acute allergic contact dermatitis lesions are successfully treated with mid- or high-potency topical steroids, such as triamcinolone 0.1% or clobetasol 0.05%. […] If allergic contact dermatitis involves an extensive area of skin (greater than 20 percent), systemic steroid therapy is often required and offers relief within 12 to 24 hours. […] In patients with severe rhus dermatitis, oral prednisone should be tapered over two to three weeks because rapid discontinuation of steroids can cause rebound dermatitis. […] If treatment fails and the diagnosis or specific allergen remains unknown, patch testing should be performed.

• #2 Allergic Contact Dermatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532866/

  The most important step in the management of allergic contact dermatitis is the removal of the offending agent. Toxicities and adverse effects to monitor are related to the treatment options. It is crucial to control the strength of the topical steroids to appropriate dosages as the most common adverse effect of these medications is thinning of the skin. […] This disease stays with the affected populations throughout their lives. Strict avoidance of the allergen needs to be the implemented strategy. Management of the inflammatory response is the essential goal in treatment.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40629-023-00246-9

  Anti-inflammatory therapy for contact dermatitis must always be adapted to the specific individual situation. […] The choice of therapy should be based on the acute nature, clinical severity, morphology of the lesions, and localization. […] Topical glucocorticoids exhibit an anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and antiproliferative mechanism of action. […] Systemic glucocorticoids may be indicated for extensive or severe acute contact dermatitis and exacerbations of chronic contact dermatitis usually short-term (up to maximum 2 weeks) 0.5-1 mg/kg body weight [bw]/day prednisolone equivalent with rapid tapering off. […] The topical calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are immunomodulators. […] Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors modulate Th2, Th22, Th1, and Th17 signaling pathways, among others, and have selective immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties.

• #2 Management of allergic contact dermatitis in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-allergic-contact-dermatitis-in-adults

  Management of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is based upon the identification of the offending allergen, avoidance of exposure, use of safe alternatives, and treatment of symptoms. […] The management of ACD is based upon the identification of the offending allergen, avoidance of exposure, use of safe alternatives, and treatment of symptoms.

• #3 Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/allergic-contact-dermatitis

  What is the treatment for allergic contact dermatitis? […] It is important to recognise how you are in contact with the responsible substance so that, where possible, you can avoid it. […] Find out precisely what you are allergic to by having comprehensive patch tests. […] Identify where the allergen is found, thus read labels of all products before use. […] Carefully study your environment to locate the allergen. Note: many chemicals have several names, and cross-reactions to similar chemicals with different names are common. […] Wear appropriate gloves to protect hands from touching materials to which you react and remove gloves in the appropriate way. Some chemicals will penetrate certain gloves; seek a safety expert’s advice. […] Ask your dermatologist to help. […] Active dermatitis is usually treated with the following:

• #3 Allergic contact dermatitis – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/allergic-contact-dermatitis/

  Avoidance of exposure to allergens is the mainstay of management for allergic contact dermatitis. In addition, the following adjunctive measures should be initiated for acute relief. […] Symptomatic therapy includes cool compresses, calamine lotion, emollients, and colloidal oatmeal baths. […] Wet dressings are recommended for oozing, crusting lesions. […] Topical corticosteroids are preferred for localized dermatitis. Initial treatment involves a mid-potency topical steroid (e.g., triamcinolone). […] If there is no clinical improvement, escalate to a high-potency topical steroid (e.g., clobetasol). […] Consider systemic steroids (e.g., prednisone) if 20% of the body surface area is affected or if rapid relief is desired (e.g., involvement of the face and eyelids). […] Use low-potency topical steroids (e.g., desonide) on areas of thinner skin (e.g., face, genitals, flexural surfaces). […] Avoid long-term use of topical steroids to prevent local skin atrophy and systemic side effects. […] Antihistamines, though commonly used, are generally not effective for treating pruritus associated with allergic contact dermatitis.

• #3

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contact-dermatitis/treatment/

  If the substance causing your contact dermatitis can be identified and avoided, your symptoms should improve and may even clear up completely. […] There are a number of treatments to help ease your symptoms if it’s not possible for you to avoid the substance causing them. […] A pharmacist will be able to recommend treatments like emollients (moisturisers), which you rub on your skin to stop it becoming dry. […] One of the most important steps in treating contact dermatitis is identifying and avoiding the allergens or irritants that affect you. […] Emollients are moisturising treatments applied directly to the skin to reduce water loss and cover it with a protective film. […] Several different emollients are available. You may need to try a few to find one that works for you. […] If you’ve been using a particular emollient for some time, it may eventually become less effective or may start to irritate your skin.

• #3 Diagnosis and Management of Contact Dermatitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/0801/p249.html

  If allergic contact dermatitis involves an extensive area of skin (greater than 20 percent), systemic steroid therapy is often required and offers relief within 12 to 24 hours. […] In severe rhus dermatitis, oral prednisone should be tapered over two to three weeks because rapid discontinuation of steroids can cause rebound dermatitis. […] Some patients may be allergic to preservatives used in the base of steroid creams. Steroid ointment is recommended because it allows the medication to maintain contact with the skin longer and there is little risk of an allergic reaction (allergic reaction to the steroid itself is rare). […] Although antihistamines are generally not effective for pruritus associated with allergic contact dermatitis, they are commonly used.

• #3

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40629-023-00246-9

  Anti-inflammatory therapy for contact dermatitis must always be adapted to the specific individual situation. […] The choice of therapy should be based on the acute nature, clinical severity, morphology of the lesions, and localization. […] Topical glucocorticoids exhibit an anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and antiproliferative mechanism of action. […] Systemic glucocorticoids may be indicated for extensive or severe acute contact dermatitis and exacerbations of chronic contact dermatitis usually short-term (up to maximum 2 weeks) 0.5-1 mg/kg body weight [bw]/day prednisolone equivalent with rapid tapering off. […] The topical calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are immunomodulators. […] Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors modulate Th2, Th22, Th1, and Th17 signaling pathways, among others, and have selective immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties.

• #3 Contact Dermatitis – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/dermatitis/contact-dermatitis

  Treatment includes topical corticosteroids, antipruritics, and avoidance of irritants and allergens. […] Topical treatment includes cool compresses (saline or Burow solution) and corticosteroids. Patients with mild to moderate ACD are given mid- to high-potency topical corticosteroids (eg, triamcinolone 0.1% ointment or betamethasone valerate cream 0.1%). […] Oral corticosteroids, given as a 7 to 14 day course, can be used for severe blistering or extensive disease. […] Systemic antihistamines (eg, hydroxyzine, diphenhydramine) help relieve pruritus; antihistamines with low anticholinergic potency, such as low-sedating H1 blockers, are not as effective. […] Wet-to-dry dressings can soothe oozing blisters, dry the skin, and promote healing. […] Treatment commonly includes cool compresses, topical corticosteroids, and systemic antihistamines as needed for pruritus.

• #3

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40629-023-00246-9

  Alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) has proven efficacy and approval for the treatment of severe chronic hand eczema unresponsive to standard therapy. […] Dupilumab, a human monoclonal antibody, inhibits signaling of IL4 and IL-13, both of which are key cytokines of Th2 inflammation, and has no currently known additional immunosuppressive effects. […] Systemic immunosuppressants such as ciclosporin, azathioprine, and methotrexate (MTX) have traditionally been used for a variety of indications, either alone, in combination, or as glucocorticoid-sparing systemic therapeutics. […] Various forms of phototherapy are classically used for contact dermatitis, especially chronic hand eczema. […] Basic therapy with skin care products to restore the skin barrier is an essential component in the treatment of contact dermatitis.

• #3 Contact Dermatitis Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/contact-dermatitis-overview

  Identifying the trigger is essential for correct advice to be given. Avoidance is key to treating the rash. If avoidance is not possible, the rash may become chronic, disabling and lead to a major impairment in quality of life. Advice might include: For acute symptoms, cold compresses can help with the itch. For patients with oozing lesions, Burrows solution (aluminum triacetate), calamine, and/or oatmeal baths can also be utilized. In hand dermatitis, avoiding excessive hand washing and using non-irritating moisturizers is recommended. Choose mild soaps, moisturizers, and detergents without dyes or perfumes. Wear gloves to protect your hands and other body parts from exposure if contact with these chemicals is unavoidable, however be aware that you can become allergic to chemicals in the gloves as well. In foot dermatitis, the use of barrier socks may be helpful. Wash skin immediately after contact with an allergen to limit the spread and severity of the reaction such as after known contact with a plant allergen (poison ivy). Apply covers over metal fasteners in clothing to avoid contact with nickel.

• #3 Contact Dermatitis Treatment | What to Do for Contact Dermatitis

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/skin-hair-and-nails/what-to-do-for-contact-dermatitis

  In general, for wet rashes like diaper rash, expose the area to the air as much as possible to dry the rash out. For dry rashes, such as cracked skin from handwashing dermatitis, apply emollients like creams and lotions to moisten the skin. […] For contact dermatitis on the face, gently rinse the area with cool water. Avoid the product you believe caused the rash. You may need to eliminate all facial products and add them back one at a time to determine the cause.

• #3 Contact Dermatitis | Rady Children’s Hospital

  https://www.rchsd.org/programs-services/dermatology/eczema-and-inflammatory-skin-disease-center/other-inflammatory-diseases/contact-dermatitis/

  Contact dermatitis refers to a group of common eczematous conditions in which an inflammatory reaction in the skin is triggered by direct contact with an environmental agent. […] In both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, history of an inciting agent helps to make the diagnosis; consequently, removal of the agent should result in clearing of the dermatitis. […] Mid-potency topical corticosteroids are generally used to control itching and hasten healing for lesions not involving the face, axilla or groin. In these areas, low-potency preparations such as 1 percent hydrocortisone cream or topical calcineurin inhibitors (Elidel or Protopic) should be used. Oral corticosteroids are indicated for treatment of severe cases. When used, oral corticosteroids should be taken for approximately one week and then tapered over one to two additional weeks to prevent rebound flaring of the dermatitis.

• #3 Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/allergic-contact-dermatitis

  Emollient creams […] […] Topical steroids […] […] Topical or oral antibiotics for secondary infection […] […] Oral steroids, usually short courses, for severe cases […] […] Phototherapy or photochemotherapy. […] […] Azathioprine, ciclosporin or another immunosuppressive agent. […] […] Tacrolimus ointment and pimecrolimus cream are immune-modulating calcineurin inhibitors and may prove helpful for allergic contact dermatitis.

• #3 Allergic Contact Dermatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532866/

  The most important step in the management of allergic contact dermatitis is the removal of the offending agent. Toxicities and adverse effects to monitor are related to the treatment options. It is crucial to control the strength of the topical steroids to appropriate dosages as the most common adverse effect of these medications is thinning of the skin. […] This disease stays with the affected populations throughout their lives. Strict avoidance of the allergen needs to be the implemented strategy. Management of the inflammatory response is the essential goal in treatment.

• #3

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40629-023-00246-9

  As a widespread disease, contact dermatitis affects all age groups with a high prevalence and incidence. […] Once the contact substance irritant or allergen has been identified, the key to therapeutic success lies in its strict avoidance. Symptomatic therapy of contact dermatitis should always be individualized and based on the stage of eczema. Topical glucocorticoids are considered first-line therapy for both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. […] Systemic therapy is considered when topical therapy is ineffective or not feasible. In this context, the short-term use of systemic glucocorticoids should be limited to extensive or clinically severe acute contact dermatitis and exacerbations of chronic contact dermatitis. […] The efficacy of the use of newer biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors in contact dermatitis is currently being evaluated in several clinical trials.

• #3 Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049216-overview

  The definitive treatment for allergic contact dermatitis is the identification and removal of any potential causal agents; otherwise, the patient is at increased risk for chronic or recurrent dermatitis. Treatments also include the following: […] Topical corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment, although acute, severe allergic contact dermatitis, such as from poison ivy, often needs to be treated with a 2-week course of systemic corticosteroids. […] Topical immunomodulators (TIMs): Approved for atopic dermatitis, but they are also prescribed for cases of allergic contact dermatitis when they offer safety advantages over topical corticosteroids. […] Phototherapy: Administered to individuals with chronic allergic contact dermatitis that is not controlled well by topical corticosteroids; these patients may benefit from treatment with a combination of psoralen (a photosensitizer) and ultraviolet-A (PUVA).

• #4

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contact-dermatitis/treatment/

  If the substance causing your contact dermatitis can be identified and avoided, your symptoms should improve and may even clear up completely. […] There are a number of treatments to help ease your symptoms if it’s not possible for you to avoid the substance causing them. […] A pharmacist will be able to recommend treatments like emollients (moisturisers), which you rub on your skin to stop it becoming dry. […] One of the most important steps in treating contact dermatitis is identifying and avoiding the allergens or irritants that affect you. […] Emollients are moisturising treatments applied directly to the skin to reduce water loss and cover it with a protective film. […] Several different emollients are available. You may need to try a few to find one that works for you. […] If you’ve been using a particular emollient for some time, it may eventually become less effective or may start to irritate your skin.

• #4 Allergic contact dermatitis – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/allergic-contact-dermatitis/

  Avoidance of exposure to allergens is the mainstay of management for allergic contact dermatitis. In addition, the following adjunctive measures should be initiated for acute relief. […] Symptomatic therapy includes cool compresses, calamine lotion, emollients, and colloidal oatmeal baths. […] Wet dressings are recommended for oozing, crusting lesions. […] Topical corticosteroids are preferred for localized dermatitis. Initial treatment involves a mid-potency topical steroid (e.g., triamcinolone). […] If there is no clinical improvement, escalate to a high-potency topical steroid (e.g., clobetasol). […] Consider systemic steroids (e.g., prednisone) if 20% of the body surface area is affected or if rapid relief is desired (e.g., involvement of the face and eyelids). […] Use low-potency topical steroids (e.g., desonide) on areas of thinner skin (e.g., face, genitals, flexural surfaces). […] Avoid long-term use of topical steroids to prevent local skin atrophy and systemic side effects. […] Antihistamines, though commonly used, are generally not effective for treating pruritus associated with allergic contact dermatitis.

• #4 Contact Dermatitis Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/contact-dermatitis-overview

  Identifying the trigger is essential for correct advice to be given. Avoidance is key to treating the rash. If avoidance is not possible, the rash may become chronic, disabling and lead to a major impairment in quality of life. Advice might include: For acute symptoms, cold compresses can help with the itch. For patients with oozing lesions, Burrows solution (aluminum triacetate), calamine, and/or oatmeal baths can also be utilized. In hand dermatitis, avoiding excessive hand washing and using non-irritating moisturizers is recommended. Choose mild soaps, moisturizers, and detergents without dyes or perfumes. Wear gloves to protect your hands and other body parts from exposure if contact with these chemicals is unavoidable, however be aware that you can become allergic to chemicals in the gloves as well. In foot dermatitis, the use of barrier socks may be helpful. Wash skin immediately after contact with an allergen to limit the spread and severity of the reaction such as after known contact with a plant allergen (poison ivy). Apply covers over metal fasteners in clothing to avoid contact with nickel.

• #4

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40629-023-00246-9

  Alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) has proven efficacy and approval for the treatment of severe chronic hand eczema unresponsive to standard therapy. […] Dupilumab, a human monoclonal antibody, inhibits signaling of IL4 and IL-13, both of which are key cytokines of Th2 inflammation, and has no currently known additional immunosuppressive effects. […] Systemic immunosuppressants such as ciclosporin, azathioprine, and methotrexate (MTX) have traditionally been used for a variety of indications, either alone, in combination, or as glucocorticoid-sparing systemic therapeutics. […] Various forms of phototherapy are classically used for contact dermatitis, especially chronic hand eczema. […] Basic therapy with skin care products to restore the skin barrier is an essential component in the treatment of contact dermatitis.

• #4 Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/allergic-contact-dermatitis

  Emollient creams […] […] Topical steroids […] […] Topical or oral antibiotics for secondary infection […] […] Oral steroids, usually short courses, for severe cases […] […] Phototherapy or photochemotherapy. […] […] Azathioprine, ciclosporin or another immunosuppressive agent. […] […] Tacrolimus ointment and pimecrolimus cream are immune-modulating calcineurin inhibitors and may prove helpful for allergic contact dermatitis.

• #4 Contact Dermatitis | Rady Children’s Hospital

  https://www.rchsd.org/programs-services/dermatology/eczema-and-inflammatory-skin-disease-center/other-inflammatory-diseases/contact-dermatitis/

  Contact dermatitis refers to a group of common eczematous conditions in which an inflammatory reaction in the skin is triggered by direct contact with an environmental agent. […] In both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, history of an inciting agent helps to make the diagnosis; consequently, removal of the agent should result in clearing of the dermatitis. […] Mid-potency topical corticosteroids are generally used to control itching and hasten healing for lesions not involving the face, axilla or groin. In these areas, low-potency preparations such as 1 percent hydrocortisone cream or topical calcineurin inhibitors (Elidel or Protopic) should be used. Oral corticosteroids are indicated for treatment of severe cases. When used, oral corticosteroids should be taken for approximately one week and then tapered over one to two additional weeks to prevent rebound flaring of the dermatitis.

• #4

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40629-023-00246-9

  As a widespread disease, contact dermatitis affects all age groups with a high prevalence and incidence. […] Once the contact substance irritant or allergen has been identified, the key to therapeutic success lies in its strict avoidance. Symptomatic therapy of contact dermatitis should always be individualized and based on the stage of eczema. Topical glucocorticoids are considered first-line therapy for both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. […] Systemic therapy is considered when topical therapy is ineffective or not feasible. In this context, the short-term use of systemic glucocorticoids should be limited to extensive or clinically severe acute contact dermatitis and exacerbations of chronic contact dermatitis. […] The efficacy of the use of newer biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors in contact dermatitis is currently being evaluated in several clinical trials.

• #5 Contact Dermatitis Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/contact-dermatitis-overview

  Identifying the trigger is essential for correct advice to be given. Avoidance is key to treating the rash. If avoidance is not possible, the rash may become chronic, disabling and lead to a major impairment in quality of life. Advice might include: For acute symptoms, cold compresses can help with the itch. For patients with oozing lesions, Burrows solution (aluminum triacetate), calamine, and/or oatmeal baths can also be utilized. In hand dermatitis, avoiding excessive hand washing and using non-irritating moisturizers is recommended. Choose mild soaps, moisturizers, and detergents without dyes or perfumes. Wear gloves to protect your hands and other body parts from exposure if contact with these chemicals is unavoidable, however be aware that you can become allergic to chemicals in the gloves as well. In foot dermatitis, the use of barrier socks may be helpful. Wash skin immediately after contact with an allergen to limit the spread and severity of the reaction such as after known contact with a plant allergen (poison ivy). Apply covers over metal fasteners in clothing to avoid contact with nickel.

• #5 Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/allergic-contact-dermatitis

  Emollient creams […] […] Topical steroids […] […] Topical or oral antibiotics for secondary infection […] […] Oral steroids, usually short courses, for severe cases […] […] Phototherapy or photochemotherapy. […] […] Azathioprine, ciclosporin or another immunosuppressive agent. […] […] Tacrolimus ointment and pimecrolimus cream are immune-modulating calcineurin inhibitors and may prove helpful for allergic contact dermatitis.

• #5

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40629-023-00246-9

  As a widespread disease, contact dermatitis affects all age groups with a high prevalence and incidence. […] Once the contact substance irritant or allergen has been identified, the key to therapeutic success lies in its strict avoidance. Symptomatic therapy of contact dermatitis should always be individualized and based on the stage of eczema. Topical glucocorticoids are considered first-line therapy for both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. […] Systemic therapy is considered when topical therapy is ineffective or not feasible. In this context, the short-term use of systemic glucocorticoids should be limited to extensive or clinically severe acute contact dermatitis and exacerbations of chronic contact dermatitis. […] The efficacy of the use of newer biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors in contact dermatitis is currently being evaluated in several clinical trials.

• #6 Contact Dermatitis Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/contact-dermatitis-overview

  Identifying the trigger is essential for correct advice to be given. Avoidance is key to treating the rash. If avoidance is not possible, the rash may become chronic, disabling and lead to a major impairment in quality of life. Advice might include: For acute symptoms, cold compresses can help with the itch. For patients with oozing lesions, Burrows solution (aluminum triacetate), calamine, and/or oatmeal baths can also be utilized. In hand dermatitis, avoiding excessive hand washing and using non-irritating moisturizers is recommended. Choose mild soaps, moisturizers, and detergents without dyes or perfumes. Wear gloves to protect your hands and other body parts from exposure if contact with these chemicals is unavoidable, however be aware that you can become allergic to chemicals in the gloves as well. In foot dermatitis, the use of barrier socks may be helpful. Wash skin immediately after contact with an allergen to limit the spread and severity of the reaction such as after known contact with a plant allergen (poison ivy). Apply covers over metal fasteners in clothing to avoid contact with nickel.

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