Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Orthostatic Hypotension – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448192/

  Orthostatic hypotension is characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure that occurs upon standing from a sitting or supine position. […] This sudden drop in blood pressure is usually caused by autonomic reflex failure, central or peripheral nervous system lesions, cardiac dysfunction, volume depletion, or adverse medication effects. […] This sudden drop in blood pressure is typically caused by autonomic reflex failure, volume depletion, cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, or adverse medication effects. […] Orthostatic hypotension occurs due to an inadequate physiological response to postural changes. […] Orthostatic hypotension occurs when there is an abnormal or delayed response to shifts in the body’s fluid balance upon standing, resulting in an exaggerated drop in SBP (20 mm Hg) or diastolic blood pressure (10 mm Hg).

• #2 Evaluation and Management of Orthostatic Hypotension | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0901/p527.html

  Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg within three minutes of standing when compared with blood pressure from the sitting or supine position. It results from an inadequate physiologic response to postural changes in blood pressure. […] Causes include dehydration or blood loss; disorders of the neurologic, cardiovascular, or endocrine systems; and several classes of medications. […] In the absence of volume depletion, younger patients with orthostatic hypotension usually have chronic autonomic failure. […] Orthostatic hypotension is often found in older patients and in those who are frail. […] Evaluation of suspected orthostatic hypotension begins by identifying reversible causes and underlying associated medical conditions.

• #3 Orthostatic Hypotension – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448192/

  Orthostatic hypotension is characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure that occurs upon standing from a sitting or supine position. […] This sudden drop in blood pressure is usually caused by autonomic reflex failure, central or peripheral nervous system lesions, cardiac dysfunction, volume depletion, or adverse medication effects. […] This sudden drop in blood pressure is typically caused by autonomic reflex failure, volume depletion, cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, or adverse medication effects. […] Orthostatic hypotension occurs due to an inadequate physiological response to postural changes. […] Orthostatic hypotension occurs when there is an abnormal or delayed response to shifts in the body’s fluid balance upon standing, resulting in an exaggerated drop in SBP (20 mm Hg) or diastolic blood pressure (10 mm Hg).

• #4 Orthostatic Hypotension – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448192/

  Several classification systems exist for the etiology of orthostatic hypotension, commonly distinguishing between neurogenic and non-neurogenic causes. […] Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension results from autonomic instability due to neuropathic or neurodegenerative disease, or aging conditions. […] Non-neurogenic orthostatic hypotension is typically associated with volume depletion or cardiac dysfunction. […] Medication-induced orthostatic hypotension, especially in the context of polypharmacy in older patients, should also be carefully considered. […] Anemia warrants special attention due to its multiple mechanisms in causing orthostatic hypotension. […] Medications can cause orthostatic hypotension as an adverse effect. […] The total number of antihypertensive medications prescribed may be a better predictor of orthostatic hypotension than any single drug class.

• #5 An Overview of Orthostatic Hypotension

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/an-overview-of-orthostatic-hypotension

  Primary neurogenic causes include autonomic nervous system dysfunction and multiple system atrophy (formerly known as Shy-Drager syndrome). […] Secondary neurogenic causes include systemic diseases resulting in lesions of the central or peripheral nervous system (e.g., diabetes mellitus, Guillian-Barre syndrome, alcoholic polyneuropathy). […] One feature that distinguishes a nonneurogenic cause from a neurogenic cause is that the postural drop in blood pressure that is associated with nonneurogenic etiologies is accompanied by a compensatory increase in heart rate. […] Nonneurogenic causes of orthostatic hypotension include cardiac pump failure, reduced intravascular volume, venous pooling, or causative medications. […] It is estimated that about 50% of orthostatic hypotension cases involve causative medications.

• #6 Orthostatic Hypotension – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448192/

  Several classification systems exist for the etiology of orthostatic hypotension, commonly distinguishing between neurogenic and non-neurogenic causes. […] Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension results from autonomic instability due to neuropathic or neurodegenerative disease, or aging conditions. […] Non-neurogenic orthostatic hypotension is typically associated with volume depletion or cardiac dysfunction. […] Medication-induced orthostatic hypotension, especially in the context of polypharmacy in older patients, should also be carefully considered. […] Anemia warrants special attention due to its multiple mechanisms in causing orthostatic hypotension. […] Medications can cause orthostatic hypotension as an adverse effect. […] The total number of antihypertensive medications prescribed may be a better predictor of orthostatic hypotension than any single drug class.

• #7 Orthostatic Intolerance: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/902155-overview

  Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is defined as a sustained reduction of systolic BP 20 mmHg or diastolic BP 10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing or following head-up tilt to 60o. […] Non-neurogenic OH can be caused by drugs, dehydration, blood loss, age, and illnesses that secondarily cause acute or chronic hypovolemia. Neurogenic OH is identified with autonomic failure due to inadequate release of norepinephrine from sympathetic vasomotor neurons leading to vasoconstrictor failure. […] Neurogenic OH (NOH) signifies serious autonomic illness. It is identified with true autonomic vasoconstrictor failure due to the inadequate release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves and HR may not increase appropriately with standing. […] Non-neurogenic OH is relatively common in the young. It can be caused by drugs or hypovolemia (e.g., dehydration, hemorrhage). It is by far the most common form of OH in the young.

• #8 Orthostatic Hypotension: Mechanisms, Causes, Management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4507375/

  There are many causes of OH. Most cases seen in clinical practice are best divided into those with and without CNS involvement. Patients with CNS involvement can be separated into those with brain or spinal cord disease. Patients with chronic OH without CNS involvement will most commonly have OH due to diabetes. Less likely causes are amyloid, either sporadic or inherited (tranthyretin mutation), autoimmune, or paraneoplastic etiology. Some have no cause found and are typically designated as idiopathic OH or pure autonomic failure. […] Chronic causes of OH are much more common than acute causes. The most common cause is mild OH due to old age. For patients with brain involvement, OH is common in Parkinson’s disease, occurring in 20-40 percent of patients, but is usually mild. More severe OH occurs in patients with multiple system atrophy or Lewy body dementia.

• #9 Orthostatic Hypotension in Parkinson’s Disease: Essential Facts for Patients

  https://www.movementdisorders.org/MDS/Resources/Patient-Education/Orthostatic-Hypotension-in-Parkinsons-Disease.htm

  When BP doesnt return to normal quickly after standing up, it is referred to as orthostatic, or postural, hypotension. This form of low blood pressure happens in about one third of patients with Parkinsons disease (PD). It is less common early in the disease, but happens more often as the disease progresses. […] Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a drop in the systolic number of at least 20 mmHg or in the diastolic number of at least 10 mmHg within 3 minutes after standing. […] Some PD medications may cause this form of low blood pressure or make it worse. Those medications include levodopa and similar drugs. But even people who dont take PD medications may have orthostatic hypotension. High blood pressure medicine and other drugs may also cause this form of low blood pressure in PD patients.

• #10 Orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension)

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20303971

  Thyroid conditions, adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can cause orthostatic hypotension. […] Some nervous system disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, Lewy body dementia, pure autonomic failure and amyloidosis, can disrupt the body’s ability to control blood pressure. […] Some people have low blood pressure after eating meals (postprandial hypotension). This condition is more common in older adults.

• #11 Orthostatic Hypotension: Mechanisms, Causes, Management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4507375/

  There are many causes of OH. Most cases seen in clinical practice are best divided into those with and without CNS involvement. Patients with CNS involvement can be separated into those with brain or spinal cord disease. Patients with chronic OH without CNS involvement will most commonly have OH due to diabetes. Less likely causes are amyloid, either sporadic or inherited (tranthyretin mutation), autoimmune, or paraneoplastic etiology. Some have no cause found and are typically designated as idiopathic OH or pure autonomic failure. […] Chronic causes of OH are much more common than acute causes. The most common cause is mild OH due to old age. For patients with brain involvement, OH is common in Parkinson’s disease, occurring in 20-40 percent of patients, but is usually mild. More severe OH occurs in patients with multiple system atrophy or Lewy body dementia.

• #12 Orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension)

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20303971

  Thyroid conditions, adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can cause orthostatic hypotension. […] Some nervous system disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, Lewy body dementia, pure autonomic failure and amyloidosis, can disrupt the body’s ability to control blood pressure. […] Some people have low blood pressure after eating meals (postprandial hypotension). This condition is more common in older adults.

• #13 Orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension)

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20303971

  Thyroid conditions, adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can cause orthostatic hypotension. […] Some nervous system disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, Lewy body dementia, pure autonomic failure and amyloidosis, can disrupt the body’s ability to control blood pressure. […] Some people have low blood pressure after eating meals (postprandial hypotension). This condition is more common in older adults.

• #14 Orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension)

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20303971

  Thyroid conditions, adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can cause orthostatic hypotension. […] Some nervous system disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, Lewy body dementia, pure autonomic failure and amyloidosis, can disrupt the body’s ability to control blood pressure. […] Some people have low blood pressure after eating meals (postprandial hypotension). This condition is more common in older adults.

• #15 Postural hypotension – GPnotebook

  https://gpnotebook.com/pages/cardiovascular-medicine/postural-hypotension

  Orthostatic hypotension (OH) or postural hypotension occurs when mechanisms for the regulation of orthostatic BP control fail. Such regulation depends on the baroreflexes, normal blood volume, and defenses against excessive venous pooling. […] There are many causes of OH: aging coupled with diseases such as diabetes and Parkinson’s disease results in a prevalence of 10-30% in the elderly. […] These conditions cause baroreflex failure with resulting combination of OH, supine hypertension, and loss of diurnal variation of BP. […] About a quarter of patients with diabetes have postural hypotension. […] High HbA1c, hypertension, and diabetic neuropathy increase its likelihood. […] A third of patients with Parkinson’s disease have postural hypotension. […] Treatment of OH – management and prognosis vary according to the underlying cause, with the main distinction being whether orthostatic hypotension is neurogenic or non-neurogenic. […] A systematic review concludes evidence about effects of fludrocortisone on blood pressure, orthostatic symptoms or adverse events in those with orthostatic hypotension and diabetes or Parkinson’s is very uncertain, with lack of data on long-term treatment in other diseases.

• #16 Orthostatic Hypotension : Emergency Care BC

  https://emergencycarebc.ca/clinical_resource/clinical-summary/orthostatic-hypotension/

  Orthostatic Hypotension is the second most common etiology of syncope, occurring in approximately 15% of syncope presentations. Often unrecognized or overlooked factor associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality. […] Underlying cause: Drug-induced: Alpha- and beta-blockers, diuretics, antiparkinsonian agents, antidepressants, anticholinergics, neuroleptics, sedatives. […] Decreased intravascular volume: Bleeding, dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting, heart failure. […] Neurogenic: lower heart rate increase when standing upright (usually <10-15 bpm) compared with nonneurogenic causes (usually >15 bpm). […] Primary: Parkinson’s disease, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Multiple system atrophy, Pure autonomic failure, Guillain-Barre syndrome. […] Secondary: DM, CKD, autoimmune diseases (Sjogren syndrome, sarcoidosis), endocrine disturbances, paraneoplastic syndromes, alcoholism, amyloidosis, infections (syphilis, HIV, Lyme), B12 deficiency.

• #17 Orthostatic Hypotension : Emergency Care BC

  https://emergencycarebc.ca/clinical_resource/clinical-summary/orthostatic-hypotension/

  Orthostatic Hypotension is the second most common etiology of syncope, occurring in approximately 15% of syncope presentations. Often unrecognized or overlooked factor associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality. […] Underlying cause: Drug-induced: Alpha- and beta-blockers, diuretics, antiparkinsonian agents, antidepressants, anticholinergics, neuroleptics, sedatives. […] Decreased intravascular volume: Bleeding, dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting, heart failure. […] Neurogenic: lower heart rate increase when standing upright (usually <10-15 bpm) compared with nonneurogenic causes (usually >15 bpm). […] Primary: Parkinson’s disease, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Multiple system atrophy, Pure autonomic failure, Guillain-Barre syndrome. […] Secondary: DM, CKD, autoimmune diseases (Sjogren syndrome, sarcoidosis), endocrine disturbances, paraneoplastic syndromes, alcoholism, amyloidosis, infections (syphilis, HIV, Lyme), B12 deficiency.

• #18 Orthostatic Hypotension and other Autonomic Failure Syndromes: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1154266-overview

  Autonomic failure has many causes and manifestations. […] The principal forms of autonomic failure are pure autonomic failure (PAF), autoimmune autonomic neuropathy (AAN), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). These have differing causes. […] The cause of AAN is presumed to be autoimmune. Autoantibodies against ganglionic AChRs are seen in one- to two-thirds of patients with this condition. […] In MSA with autonomic involvement, changes in the intermediolateral cell column also may be seen; in addition, widespread abnormalities are apparent in the brain. […] A norepinephrine transporter deficiency has been identified in 1 family. Polymorphisms in genes encoding the beta-2 adrenoreceptor and nitric oxide synthetase may play a role. […] Vitamin B12 is involved in catecholamine metabolism, and Oner and colleagues have suggested that vitamin B12 deficiency in adolescents may cause sympathetic baroreceptor dysfunction.

• #19 Diagnosis and management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension

  http://e-acn.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.14253/acn.2023.25.2.66

  Orthostatic hypotension is a sustained and pathological drop in blood pressure upon standing. Orthostatic hypotension can be due to non-neurogenic conditions or autonomic disorders. Impaired baroreflex-mediated vasoconstriction and insufficient release of norepinephrine play key roles in the pathophysiology of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. […] Non-neurological diseases such as acute anemia, volume depletion, adrenal insufficiency, heart failure, thyroid disorders, end-stage renal disease with hemodialysis, medications, and severe gastrointestinal diseases can cause OH. It is crucial to differentiate neurogenic OH (N-OH) from non-neurogenic OH to find its cause and manage related symptoms. […] Causes of N-OH can be divided into central and peripheral diseases. Among peripheral causes, diabetic mellitus is the most common condition. OH can be easily observed in patients with diabetes. N-OH can be seen in acute immune-mediated diseases such as autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy, seronegative autoimmune autonomic neuropathy, and Guillain-Barr syndrome.

• #20 Diagnosis and management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension

  http://e-acn.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.14253/acn.2023.25.2.66

  Orthostatic hypotension is a sustained and pathological drop in blood pressure upon standing. Orthostatic hypotension can be due to non-neurogenic conditions or autonomic disorders. Impaired baroreflex-mediated vasoconstriction and insufficient release of norepinephrine play key roles in the pathophysiology of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. […] Non-neurological diseases such as acute anemia, volume depletion, adrenal insufficiency, heart failure, thyroid disorders, end-stage renal disease with hemodialysis, medications, and severe gastrointestinal diseases can cause OH. It is crucial to differentiate neurogenic OH (N-OH) from non-neurogenic OH to find its cause and manage related symptoms. […] Causes of N-OH can be divided into central and peripheral diseases. Among peripheral causes, diabetic mellitus is the most common condition. OH can be easily observed in patients with diabetes. N-OH can be seen in acute immune-mediated diseases such as autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy, seronegative autoimmune autonomic neuropathy, and Guillain-Barr syndrome.

• #21 Postural Hypotension: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.health.com/postural-hypotension-8623824

  Postural hypotension, also known as orthostatic hypotension, happens when your blood pressure falls significantly upon standing after lying down or sitting. […] Postural hypotension happens when your body can’t keep blood pressure stable when you go from sitting or lying down to standing up. The condition can have many causes, which are grouped into two main categories: neurogenic and non-neurogenic. […] Neurogenic causes are the less common causes of postural hypotension. Neurogenic means the condition happens because of issues with the autonomic nervous system. […] The other, more common causes are non-neurogenic, meaning they are linked to environmental or health issues rather than problems with the autonomic nervous system. […] Certain medications can also increase the risk of postural hypotension. These include heart-related drugs like water pills (diuretics), certain heart disease medications, and drugs that affect heart rate and blood vessel tension.

• #22 Orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/orthostatic-hypotension/symptoms-causes/syc-20352548

  Dehydration decreases blood volume. Mild dehydration can cause symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, such as weakness, dizziness and fatigue. […] Some heart conditions that can lead to low blood pressure include extremely low heart rate (bradycardia), heart valve problems, heart attack and heart failure. These conditions prevent the body from quickly pumping more blood when standing up. […] Thyroid conditions, adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can cause orthostatic hypotension. So can diabetes, which can damage the nerves that help send signals that control blood pressure. […] Some nervous system disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, Lewy body dementia, pure autonomic failure and amyloidosis, can disrupt the body’s ability to control blood pressure. […] Some people have low blood pressure after eating meals (postprandial hypotension). This condition is more common in older adults.

• #23 Orthostatic Hypotension | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/brain-and-nerves/orthostatic-hypotension.html

  Orthostatic hypotension is often caused or made worse by dehydration. […] Other causes include diabetes, heart disease, and nervous system problems. […] Many medications cause orthostatic hypotension.

• #24 Orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension) – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/orthostatic-hypotension-postural-hypotension/

  Orthostatic hypotension — also called postural hypotension — is a form of low blood pressure that happens when you stand up from sitting or lying down. Orthostatic hypotension occurs when something interrupts the body’s natural process of counteracting low blood pressure. Many conditions can cause orthostatic hypotension, including: […] Dehydration. Fever, vomiting, not drinking enough fluids, severe diarrhea and strenuous exercise with a lot of sweating can all lead to dehydration, which decreases blood volume. […] Heart problems. Some heart conditions that can lead to low blood pressure include extremely low heart rate (bradycardia), heart valve problems, heart attack and heart failure. […] Endocrine problems. Thyroid conditions, adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can cause orthostatic hypotension.

• #25 Orthostatic hypotension: Causes, symptoms, and prevention

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318158

  Orthostatic, or postural, hypotension is defined as a sudden drop in blood pressure resulting from a change in posture, such as when a person stands up quickly. […] Loss of fluid within the blood vessels is the most common cause of symptoms linked to orthostatic hypotension. This could be due to dehydration brought about by diarrhea, vomiting, and the use of medication, such as diuretics or water pills. […] Loss of blood, anemia, and other conditions that result in a lower red blood count are also likely causes. […] Some medications, such as beta-blockers and antidepressants, can also trigger symptoms linked to orthostatic hypotension. […] Parkinsons disease, pregnancy, and heart conditions such as irregular heart rhythms and valve disease are also known to cause symptoms connected to orthostatic hypotension.

• #26 Postural hypotension (low blood pressure when you stand up) – Overview | Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.guysandstthomas.nhs.uk/health-information/postural-hypotension

  Postural hypotension (also called orthostatic hypotension) is a drop in blood pressure when you stand up after lying or sitting down. This can make you feel dizzy and can even cause you to faint. […] There are several possible causes of postural hypotension. […] Not drinking enough fluids (dehydration) reduces the amount (volume) of blood circulating through your blood vessels. This can lower your blood pressure. […] Some heart conditions lead to low blood pressure and prevent your body from pumping blood quickly when you stand up. They include conditions causing a slow heart rate or heart failure. […] Some hormone problems, such as low thyroid levels or uncontrolled diabetes, make it harder for your body to control blood pressure. […] Some conditions that affect the nervous system, such as Parkinson’s disease, make it harder for your body to control blood pressure. […] Postural hypotension makes you more likely to have a fall.

• #27 Orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/orthostatic-hypotension/symptoms-causes/syc-20352548

  Dehydration decreases blood volume. Mild dehydration can cause symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, such as weakness, dizziness and fatigue. […] Some heart conditions that can lead to low blood pressure include extremely low heart rate (bradycardia), heart valve problems, heart attack and heart failure. These conditions prevent the body from quickly pumping more blood when standing up. […] Thyroid conditions, adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can cause orthostatic hypotension. So can diabetes, which can damage the nerves that help send signals that control blood pressure. […] Some nervous system disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, Lewy body dementia, pure autonomic failure and amyloidosis, can disrupt the body’s ability to control blood pressure. […] Some people have low blood pressure after eating meals (postprandial hypotension). This condition is more common in older adults.

• #28 Orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/orthostatic-hypotension/symptoms-causes/syc-20352548

  Dehydration decreases blood volume. Mild dehydration can cause symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, such as weakness, dizziness and fatigue. […] Some heart conditions that can lead to low blood pressure include extremely low heart rate (bradycardia), heart valve problems, heart attack and heart failure. These conditions prevent the body from quickly pumping more blood when standing up. […] Thyroid conditions, adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can cause orthostatic hypotension. So can diabetes, which can damage the nerves that help send signals that control blood pressure. […] Some nervous system disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, Lewy body dementia, pure autonomic failure and amyloidosis, can disrupt the body’s ability to control blood pressure. […] Some people have low blood pressure after eating meals (postprandial hypotension). This condition is more common in older adults.

• #29 Postural hypotension (low blood pressure when you stand up) – Overview | Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.guysandstthomas.nhs.uk/health-information/postural-hypotension

  Postural hypotension (also called orthostatic hypotension) is a drop in blood pressure when you stand up after lying or sitting down. This can make you feel dizzy and can even cause you to faint. […] There are several possible causes of postural hypotension. […] Not drinking enough fluids (dehydration) reduces the amount (volume) of blood circulating through your blood vessels. This can lower your blood pressure. […] Some heart conditions lead to low blood pressure and prevent your body from pumping blood quickly when you stand up. They include conditions causing a slow heart rate or heart failure. […] Some hormone problems, such as low thyroid levels or uncontrolled diabetes, make it harder for your body to control blood pressure. […] Some conditions that affect the nervous system, such as Parkinson’s disease, make it harder for your body to control blood pressure. […] Postural hypotension makes you more likely to have a fall.

• #30 Orthostatic Hypotension Simplified – Straight A Nursing

  https://straightanursingstudent.com/orthostatic-hypotension/

  Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension is related to conditions that affect autonomic function such as diabetic neuropathy and Parkinson’s disease. It typically involves inadequate release of norepinephrine (which is a vasoconstrictor) in response to the drop in blood pressure along with an inadequate increase in heart rate. […] In addition to drug-induced OH, there are many other circumstances that can lead to an individual experiencing a drop in blood pressure upon standing. This includes both neurogenic and non-neurogenic OH as well as some that would be considered acute. […] Patients with cardiovascular dysfunction are at higher risk for OH. This includes congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, venous insufficiency, and anemia. […] Patients with adrenal insufficiency are volume depleted due to reduced mineralocorticoid function. Recall that aldosterone (the main mineralocorticoid) plays a key role in blood pressure regulation by influencing sodium and water balance.

• #31 Orthostatic hypotension: Causes, symptoms, and prevention

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318158

  Orthostatic, or postural, hypotension is defined as a sudden drop in blood pressure resulting from a change in posture, such as when a person stands up quickly. […] Loss of fluid within the blood vessels is the most common cause of symptoms linked to orthostatic hypotension. This could be due to dehydration brought about by diarrhea, vomiting, and the use of medication, such as diuretics or water pills. […] Loss of blood, anemia, and other conditions that result in a lower red blood count are also likely causes. […] Some medications, such as beta-blockers and antidepressants, can also trigger symptoms linked to orthostatic hypotension. […] Parkinsons disease, pregnancy, and heart conditions such as irregular heart rhythms and valve disease are also known to cause symptoms connected to orthostatic hypotension.

• #32 Orthostatic Hypotension – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448192/

  Several classification systems exist for the etiology of orthostatic hypotension, commonly distinguishing between neurogenic and non-neurogenic causes. […] Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension results from autonomic instability due to neuropathic or neurodegenerative disease, or aging conditions. […] Non-neurogenic orthostatic hypotension is typically associated with volume depletion or cardiac dysfunction. […] Medication-induced orthostatic hypotension, especially in the context of polypharmacy in older patients, should also be carefully considered. […] Anemia warrants special attention due to its multiple mechanisms in causing orthostatic hypotension. […] Medications can cause orthostatic hypotension as an adverse effect. […] The total number of antihypertensive medications prescribed may be a better predictor of orthostatic hypotension than any single drug class.

• #33 Orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/orthostatic-hypotension/symptoms-causes/syc-20352548

  Dehydration decreases blood volume. Mild dehydration can cause symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, such as weakness, dizziness and fatigue. […] Some heart conditions that can lead to low blood pressure include extremely low heart rate (bradycardia), heart valve problems, heart attack and heart failure. These conditions prevent the body from quickly pumping more blood when standing up. […] Thyroid conditions, adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can cause orthostatic hypotension. So can diabetes, which can damage the nerves that help send signals that control blood pressure. […] Some nervous system disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, Lewy body dementia, pure autonomic failure and amyloidosis, can disrupt the body’s ability to control blood pressure. […] Some people have low blood pressure after eating meals (postprandial hypotension). This condition is more common in older adults.

• #34 Orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension)

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20303971

  Thyroid conditions, adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can cause orthostatic hypotension. […] Some nervous system disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, Lewy body dementia, pure autonomic failure and amyloidosis, can disrupt the body’s ability to control blood pressure. […] Some people have low blood pressure after eating meals (postprandial hypotension). This condition is more common in older adults.

• #35 Orthostatic Hypotension Simplified – Straight A Nursing

  https://straightanursingstudent.com/orthostatic-hypotension/

  Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension is related to conditions that affect autonomic function such as diabetic neuropathy and Parkinson’s disease. It typically involves inadequate release of norepinephrine (which is a vasoconstrictor) in response to the drop in blood pressure along with an inadequate increase in heart rate. […] In addition to drug-induced OH, there are many other circumstances that can lead to an individual experiencing a drop in blood pressure upon standing. This includes both neurogenic and non-neurogenic OH as well as some that would be considered acute. […] Patients with cardiovascular dysfunction are at higher risk for OH. This includes congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, venous insufficiency, and anemia. […] Patients with adrenal insufficiency are volume depleted due to reduced mineralocorticoid function. Recall that aldosterone (the main mineralocorticoid) plays a key role in blood pressure regulation by influencing sodium and water balance.

• #36 Orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/orthostatic-hypotension/symptoms-causes/syc-20352548

  Dehydration decreases blood volume. Mild dehydration can cause symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, such as weakness, dizziness and fatigue. […] Some heart conditions that can lead to low blood pressure include extremely low heart rate (bradycardia), heart valve problems, heart attack and heart failure. These conditions prevent the body from quickly pumping more blood when standing up. […] Thyroid conditions, adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can cause orthostatic hypotension. So can diabetes, which can damage the nerves that help send signals that control blood pressure. […] Some nervous system disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, Lewy body dementia, pure autonomic failure and amyloidosis, can disrupt the body’s ability to control blood pressure. […] Some people have low blood pressure after eating meals (postprandial hypotension). This condition is more common in older adults.

• #37 An Overview of Orthostatic Hypotension

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/an-overview-of-orthostatic-hypotension

  Primary neurogenic causes include autonomic nervous system dysfunction and multiple system atrophy (formerly known as Shy-Drager syndrome). […] Secondary neurogenic causes include systemic diseases resulting in lesions of the central or peripheral nervous system (e.g., diabetes mellitus, Guillian-Barre syndrome, alcoholic polyneuropathy). […] One feature that distinguishes a nonneurogenic cause from a neurogenic cause is that the postural drop in blood pressure that is associated with nonneurogenic etiologies is accompanied by a compensatory increase in heart rate. […] Nonneurogenic causes of orthostatic hypotension include cardiac pump failure, reduced intravascular volume, venous pooling, or causative medications. […] It is estimated that about 50% of orthostatic hypotension cases involve causative medications.

• #38 Orthostatic Hypotension : Emergency Care BC

  https://emergencycarebc.ca/clinical_resource/clinical-summary/orthostatic-hypotension/

  Orthostatic Hypotension is the second most common etiology of syncope, occurring in approximately 15% of syncope presentations. Often unrecognized or overlooked factor associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality. […] Underlying cause: Drug-induced: Alpha- and beta-blockers, diuretics, antiparkinsonian agents, antidepressants, anticholinergics, neuroleptics, sedatives. […] Decreased intravascular volume: Bleeding, dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting, heart failure. […] Neurogenic: lower heart rate increase when standing upright (usually <10-15 bpm) compared with nonneurogenic causes (usually >15 bpm). […] Primary: Parkinson’s disease, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Multiple system atrophy, Pure autonomic failure, Guillain-Barre syndrome. […] Secondary: DM, CKD, autoimmune diseases (Sjogren syndrome, sarcoidosis), endocrine disturbances, paraneoplastic syndromes, alcoholism, amyloidosis, infections (syphilis, HIV, Lyme), B12 deficiency.

• #39 Orthostatic hypotension – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/972

  Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is an independent predictor of mortality and the cause of significant morbidity associated with falls. […] A common problem in frail older people. OH-related hospitalisations increase markedly with age. […] Common causes include drugs (e.g., alpha-blockers, central sympatholytics, tricyclic antidepressants, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, and antihypertensives, including beta-blockers), diseases causing peripheral neuropathy (e.g., diabetes mellitus and amyloidosis), and synucleinopathies (i.e., Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, pure autonomic failure, and multiple system atrophy or Shy-Drager syndrome). […] Acute or subacute onset suggests an autoimmune or paraneoplastic disorder. […] OH is increasingly recognised as a common comorbidity of hypertension, both because of the pathophysiology of hypertension itself, and also because the measurement of OH is derived from the difference between two blood pressures (lying or sitting, and standing), the absolute value of which will be greater with a higher starting blood pressure.

• #40

  https://step2.medbullets.com/cardiovascular/121720/orthostatic-hypotension

  Medications (e.g., terazosin). […] Pathophysiology: gravitational pooling of blood decreases venous return, cardiac output, and blood pressure. […] Failure of compensatory mechanisms to regulate blood pressure when the patient is in the upright position: e.g., autonomic failure. […] There is an increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.

• #41 What Is Orthostatic Hypotension (Postural Hypotension)?

  https://www.webmd.com/heart/what-is-orthostatic-hypotension-dizzy-standing

  Heart disease and other medical conditions. Since the problem is related to your blood pressure, it’s not surprising that people with heart disease, heart valve problems, heart failure, or an extremely low heart rate (called bradycardia) can have this kind of dizziness. […] Other conditions that can affect your blood pressure or nervous system include Parkinson’s disease, adrenal trouble, and thyroid problems. […] Medications. Getting dizzy when standing can also be caused by the medication you take to treat heart conditions, including: ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), Beta-blockers, Calcium channel blockers, Diuretics, also known as „water pills”, Nitrates. […] Some researchers say orthostatic hypertension becomes more common with: Advancing age, A higher body mass index, Chronic high blood pressure (also called primary or essential hypertension). […] People with diabetes may be more likely to get orthostatic hypertension than those who don’t have diabetes. Orthostatic hypertension has also been linked to dysautonomia, a group of disorders that stem from problems with the autonomic nervous system.

• #42 Orthostatic Hypotension Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/orthostatic_hypotension/article.htm

  Orthostatic hypotension is a side effect of many psychiatric medications, including tricyclic antidepressants. […] A vasovagal episode is a condition that may occur when a stimulus causes excess activation of the parasympathetic system, slowing the heart rate and dilating blood vessels. […] Patients with diabetes may develop peripheral neuropathy that can affect nerves of the autonomic nervous system, and as a result, may develop orthostatic hypotension. […] Addison’s Disease, or adrenal insufficiency, may also be associated with the inability of the body to compensate for a position change. […] There are a variety of reasons that heart disease may cause orthostatic hypotension. […] Disorders of the nervous system may also cause orthostatic hypotension. […] Orthostatic hypotension most often occurs in the elderly. […] Pregnancy is associated with orthostatic hypotension. […] Chronic alcohol use and drug abuse are also risk factors for developing symptoms of orthostatic hypotension.

• #43 Orthostatic hypotension – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthostatic_hypotension

  Orthostatic hypotension, also known as postural hypotension, is a medical condition wherein a person’s blood pressure drops when they are standing up (orthostasis) or sitting down. […] The numerous possible causes for orthostatic hypotension include certain medications (e.g. alpha blockers), autonomic neuropathy, decreased blood volume, multiple system atrophy, and age-related blood-vessel stiffness. […] Some causes of orthostatic hypotension include neurodegenerative disorders, low blood volume (e.g. caused by dehydration, bleeding, or the use of diuretics), drugs that cause vasodilation, other types of drugs (notably, narcotics and marijuana), discontinuation of vasoconstrictors, prolonged bed rest (immobility), significant recent weight loss, anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, or recent bariatric surgery. […] Orthostatic hypotension can be a side effect of certain antidepressants, such as tricyclics or monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).

• #44 Orthostatic Hypotension : Emergency Care BC

  https://emergencycarebc.ca/clinical_resource/clinical-summary/orthostatic-hypotension/

  Orthostatic Hypotension is the second most common etiology of syncope, occurring in approximately 15% of syncope presentations. Often unrecognized or overlooked factor associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality. […] Underlying cause: Drug-induced: Alpha- and beta-blockers, diuretics, antiparkinsonian agents, antidepressants, anticholinergics, neuroleptics, sedatives. […] Decreased intravascular volume: Bleeding, dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting, heart failure. […] Neurogenic: lower heart rate increase when standing upright (usually <10-15 bpm) compared with nonneurogenic causes (usually >15 bpm). […] Primary: Parkinson’s disease, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Multiple system atrophy, Pure autonomic failure, Guillain-Barre syndrome. […] Secondary: DM, CKD, autoimmune diseases (Sjogren syndrome, sarcoidosis), endocrine disturbances, paraneoplastic syndromes, alcoholism, amyloidosis, infections (syphilis, HIV, Lyme), B12 deficiency.

• #45 Orthostatic Hypotension in Parkinson’s Disease: Essential Facts for Patients

  https://www.movementdisorders.org/MDS/Resources/Patient-Education/Orthostatic-Hypotension-in-Parkinsons-Disease.htm

  When BP doesnt return to normal quickly after standing up, it is referred to as orthostatic, or postural, hypotension. This form of low blood pressure happens in about one third of patients with Parkinsons disease (PD). It is less common early in the disease, but happens more often as the disease progresses. […] Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a drop in the systolic number of at least 20 mmHg or in the diastolic number of at least 10 mmHg within 3 minutes after standing. […] Some PD medications may cause this form of low blood pressure or make it worse. Those medications include levodopa and similar drugs. But even people who dont take PD medications may have orthostatic hypotension. High blood pressure medicine and other drugs may also cause this form of low blood pressure in PD patients.

• #46 Postural Hypotension (Orthostatic Hypotension) – almostadoctor

  https://almostadoctor.co.uk/encyclopedia/postural-hypotension-orthostatic-hypotension

  Disease: Addisons disease, Atherosclerosis, Autonomic neuropathy, Diabetes (peripheral neuropathy may affect the autonomic nervous system and thereby interfere with the baroreceptor reflex), Phaeochromocytoma, Parkinsons disease, Heart disease, Hypopituitarism (low ACTH). […] Medication: Beta blockers (block the beta-adrenergic receptors in the body and prevent the heart rate from increasing, the heart from contracting as forcefully as is possible, and the dilatation of blood vessels), Sildenafil (Viagra works by dilating blood vessels and its effects are magnified if taken in conjunction with nitrites, so beware in patients with Angina!), Tricyclic antidepressants, Monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

• #47 Orthostatic Hypotension : Emergency Care BC

  https://emergencycarebc.ca/clinical_resource/clinical-summary/orthostatic-hypotension/

  Orthostatic Hypotension is the second most common etiology of syncope, occurring in approximately 15% of syncope presentations. Often unrecognized or overlooked factor associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality. […] Underlying cause: Drug-induced: Alpha- and beta-blockers, diuretics, antiparkinsonian agents, antidepressants, anticholinergics, neuroleptics, sedatives. […] Decreased intravascular volume: Bleeding, dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting, heart failure. […] Neurogenic: lower heart rate increase when standing upright (usually <10-15 bpm) compared with nonneurogenic causes (usually >15 bpm). […] Primary: Parkinson’s disease, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Multiple system atrophy, Pure autonomic failure, Guillain-Barre syndrome. […] Secondary: DM, CKD, autoimmune diseases (Sjogren syndrome, sarcoidosis), endocrine disturbances, paraneoplastic syndromes, alcoholism, amyloidosis, infections (syphilis, HIV, Lyme), B12 deficiency.

• #48 Orthostatic Hypotension : Emergency Care BC

  https://emergencycarebc.ca/clinical_resource/clinical-summary/orthostatic-hypotension/

  Orthostatic Hypotension is the second most common etiology of syncope, occurring in approximately 15% of syncope presentations. Often unrecognized or overlooked factor associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality. […] Underlying cause: Drug-induced: Alpha- and beta-blockers, diuretics, antiparkinsonian agents, antidepressants, anticholinergics, neuroleptics, sedatives. […] Decreased intravascular volume: Bleeding, dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting, heart failure. […] Neurogenic: lower heart rate increase when standing upright (usually <10-15 bpm) compared with nonneurogenic causes (usually >15 bpm). […] Primary: Parkinson’s disease, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Multiple system atrophy, Pure autonomic failure, Guillain-Barre syndrome. […] Secondary: DM, CKD, autoimmune diseases (Sjogren syndrome, sarcoidosis), endocrine disturbances, paraneoplastic syndromes, alcoholism, amyloidosis, infections (syphilis, HIV, Lyme), B12 deficiency.

• #49 Orthostatic Hypotension – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448192/

  Several classification systems exist for the etiology of orthostatic hypotension, commonly distinguishing between neurogenic and non-neurogenic causes. […] Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension results from autonomic instability due to neuropathic or neurodegenerative disease, or aging conditions. […] Non-neurogenic orthostatic hypotension is typically associated with volume depletion or cardiac dysfunction. […] Medication-induced orthostatic hypotension, especially in the context of polypharmacy in older patients, should also be carefully considered. […] Anemia warrants special attention due to its multiple mechanisms in causing orthostatic hypotension. […] Medications can cause orthostatic hypotension as an adverse effect. […] The total number of antihypertensive medications prescribed may be a better predictor of orthostatic hypotension than any single drug class.

• #50 Orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension)

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20303971

  Thyroid conditions, adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can cause orthostatic hypotension. […] Some nervous system disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, Lewy body dementia, pure autonomic failure and amyloidosis, can disrupt the body’s ability to control blood pressure. […] Some people have low blood pressure after eating meals (postprandial hypotension). This condition is more common in older adults.

• #51 Dizziness – orthostatic hypotension | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/dizziness-orthostatic-hypotension

  Orthostatic hypotension is a form of low blood pressure caused by blood vessels failing to constrict when the body takes an upright position. […] It is usually a symptom of an underlying disorder rather than a disease in itself. […] The incidence of orthostatic hypotension increases with age. […] Orthostatic hypotension usually results from an underlying disorder. It is not a disease in itself. Some of the many causes of orthostatic hypotension include: […] The incidence of orthostatic hypotension increases with age. […] Factors that seem to increase the risk in elderly people include: […] Orthostatic hypotension is more likely to occur about 15 to 45 minutes after eating a meal (this is known as post-prandial hypotension). […] Orthostatic hypotension may have two or more causes.

• #52 Orthostatic Hypotension – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/symptoms-of-cardiovascular-disorders/orthostatic-hypotension

  Orthostatic (postural) hypotension is an excessive fall in blood pressure (BP) when an upright position is assumed. […] Orthostatic hypotension is a manifestation of abnormal BP regulation due to various conditions, not a specific disorder. […] Homeostatic mechanisms may be inadequate to restore low BP if afferent, central, or efferent portions of the autonomic reflex arc are impaired by disorders or medications, if myocardial contractility or vascular responsiveness is depressed, if hypovolemia is present, or if hormonal responses are faulty. […] Causes differ depending on whether symptoms are acute or chronic. […] The most common causes of acute orthostatic hypotension include hypovolemia, medications, and prolonged bed rest. […] The most common causes of chronic orthostatic hypotension include age-related changes in BP regulation, medications, and autonomic dysfunction. […] Postprandial orthostatic hypotension is also common. It may be caused by the insulin response to high-carbohydrate meals and blood pooling in the gastrointestinal tract; this condition is worsened by alcohol intake.

• #53 Orthostatic Hypotension: Mechanisms, Causes, Management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4507375/

  Orthostatic hypotension (OH) occurs when mechanisms for the regulation of orthostatic BP control fails. Such regulation depends on the baroreflexes, normal blood volume, and defenses against excessive venous pooling. OH is common in the elderly and is associated with an increase in mortality rate. There are many causes of OH. Aging coupled with diseases such as diabetes and Parkinson’s disease results in a prevalence of 10-30% in the elderly. […] The „prevalence” of OH increases with age and occurs in 10-30% of elderly persons. There is a moderate spread in reported frequency of OH. Although the values are not population based, and therefore not true prevalences, the numbers are pragmatically important. They make the point that OH in the elderly is common. BP control becomes progressively more impaired with aging, due to a multitude of reasons including impaired baroreflex sensitivity, volume status, and venomotor tone.

• #54 Orthostatic Hypotension | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/orthostasis/

  Orthostatic hypotension is a physical sign that warrants diagnosis of its underlying etiology. […] Common causes of orthostasis are the following: Increasing age, Medications: Alpha blockers, diuretics, tricyclics, possibly SSRIs and atypical antipsychotics, Chronic Autonomic Failure. […] Orthostatic hypotension caused by primary disease of the autonomic nervous system is often referred to as neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. […] Orthostatic hypotension occurs in approximately 20% of patients older than 65 years, increasing with advancing age. […] The elderly are susceptible to age-related physiologic changes including the following: Decrease in baroreflex sensitivity and overall parasympathetic tone, Impairment of alpha adrenergic vasoconstriction, Reduction in cardiac and venous compliance, Reduction in thirst perception and ability to conserve salt and water, Impaired efficiency of the skeletal muscle pump.

• #55 :: JCN :: Journal of Clinical Neurology

  https://www.thejcn.com/DOIx.php?id=10.3988/jcn.2015.11.3.220

• #56 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Orthostatic-Hypotension-Symptoms-and-Causes.aspx

  The possibility of a drop in blood pressure during pregnancy is related to the rapid expansion of the circulatory system. […] Too much alcohol consumption can cause dehydration, and thus, is associated with orthostatic hypotension. […] Dehydration due to extreme heat can cause orthostatic hypotension. […] Certain health conditions, such as anemia and spinal cord disorders (syringomyelia) can increase the risk of orthostatic hypotension. Factors that are associated with orthostatic hypotension in spinal cord disorders include alteration in sympathetic activity, impaired baroreflex, and salt/water imbalance.

• #57 Dizziness – orthostatic hypotension | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/dizziness-orthostatic-hypotension

  Orthostatic hypotension is a form of low blood pressure caused by blood vessels failing to constrict when the body takes an upright position. […] It is usually a symptom of an underlying disorder rather than a disease in itself. […] The incidence of orthostatic hypotension increases with age. […] Orthostatic hypotension usually results from an underlying disorder. It is not a disease in itself. Some of the many causes of orthostatic hypotension include: […] The incidence of orthostatic hypotension increases with age. […] Factors that seem to increase the risk in elderly people include: […] Orthostatic hypotension is more likely to occur about 15 to 45 minutes after eating a meal (this is known as post-prandial hypotension). […] Orthostatic hypotension may have two or more causes.

• #58 Orthostatic Hypotension | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/1215/p2393.html

  If medication does not appear to be fully or partly responsible for a patient’s symptoms, non-neurogenic etiologies should be considered, and intravascular volume should be determined. […] If medication and non-neurogenic etiologies are ruled out, neurogenic causes should be considered, using the patient’s history and physical examination to direct the evaluation. […] Orthostatic hypotension may have more than one cause; a patient with mild neurogenic orthostatic hypotension who becomes dehydrated or starts taking a new medication could develop symptomatic orthostatic hypotension.

• #59 Orthostatic hypotension – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/972

  Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is an independent predictor of mortality and the cause of significant morbidity associated with falls. […] A common problem in frail older people. OH-related hospitalisations increase markedly with age. […] Common causes include drugs (e.g., alpha-blockers, central sympatholytics, tricyclic antidepressants, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, and antihypertensives, including beta-blockers), diseases causing peripheral neuropathy (e.g., diabetes mellitus and amyloidosis), and synucleinopathies (i.e., Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, pure autonomic failure, and multiple system atrophy or Shy-Drager syndrome). […] Acute or subacute onset suggests an autoimmune or paraneoplastic disorder. […] OH is increasingly recognised as a common comorbidity of hypertension, both because of the pathophysiology of hypertension itself, and also because the measurement of OH is derived from the difference between two blood pressures (lying or sitting, and standing), the absolute value of which will be greater with a higher starting blood pressure.

• #60 Orthostatic Hypotension | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/orthostasis/

  Orthostasis is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease including stroke, coronary artery disease, and chronic kidney disease, as well as all-cause mortality among those aged 55 years and older. […] Symptoms may start more subtly with fatigue, impaired cognition, performance, weakness, leg buckling, and orthostatic dyspnea. […] Longitudinal studies show that orthostatic hypotension increases the risk of stroke, myocardial ischemia, and mortality. […] There are three common variants of orthostatic hypotension: Classical OH sustained reduction of systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing up or head-up tilt-table testing, Delayed OH sustained reduction in blood pressure that occurs after 3 minutes of standing or upright tilt table, Initial OH transient reduction in blood pressure of at least 40 mm Hg systolic or at least 20 mm Hg diastolic within 15 seconds of standing.

• #61 Orthostatic hypotension – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Orthostatic_hypotension

  Common complications of orthostatic hypotension include symptomatic orthostatic hypotension which may cause falling. […] According to various studies, orthostatic hypotension may be a risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, cognitive decline or dementia, anxiety, depression, and impaired quality of life.

• #62 Orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension)

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20303971

  Orthostatic hypotension also called postural hypotension is a form of low blood pressure that happens when standing after sitting or lying down. […] Occasional orthostatic hypotension is usually caused by something obvious, such as dehydration or lengthy bed rest. […] Chronic orthostatic hypotension is usually a sign of another health problem, so treatment depends on the cause. […] Orthostatic hypotension occurs when something interrupts the body’s process of dealing with the low blood pressure. Many conditions can cause orthostatic hypotension, including: […] Dehydration decreases blood volume. Mild dehydration can cause symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, such as weakness, dizziness and fatigue. […] Some heart conditions that can lead to low blood pressure include extremely low heart rate (bradycardia), heart valve problems, heart attack and heart failure.

• #63 Orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension)

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20303971

  Orthostatic hypotension also called postural hypotension is a form of low blood pressure that happens when standing after sitting or lying down. […] Occasional orthostatic hypotension is usually caused by something obvious, such as dehydration or lengthy bed rest. […] Chronic orthostatic hypotension is usually a sign of another health problem, so treatment depends on the cause. […] Orthostatic hypotension occurs when something interrupts the body’s process of dealing with the low blood pressure. Many conditions can cause orthostatic hypotension, including: […] Dehydration decreases blood volume. Mild dehydration can cause symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, such as weakness, dizziness and fatigue. […] Some heart conditions that can lead to low blood pressure include extremely low heart rate (bradycardia), heart valve problems, heart attack and heart failure.

• #64 Orthostatic Hypotension | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/orthostasis/

  Orthostasis is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease including stroke, coronary artery disease, and chronic kidney disease, as well as all-cause mortality among those aged 55 years and older. […] Symptoms may start more subtly with fatigue, impaired cognition, performance, weakness, leg buckling, and orthostatic dyspnea. […] Longitudinal studies show that orthostatic hypotension increases the risk of stroke, myocardial ischemia, and mortality. […] There are three common variants of orthostatic hypotension: Classical OH sustained reduction of systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing up or head-up tilt-table testing, Delayed OH sustained reduction in blood pressure that occurs after 3 minutes of standing or upright tilt table, Initial OH transient reduction in blood pressure of at least 40 mm Hg systolic or at least 20 mm Hg diastolic within 15 seconds of standing.

• #65 The syndromes of orthostatic Intolerance

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-6/The-syndromes-of-Orthostatic-Intolerance-Title-The-syndromes-of-Orthostatic-I

  Orthostatic hypotension is more frequent in the morning. […] Initial orthostatic hypotension is defined as a transient systolic blood pressure decrease within 15 s after standing 40 mmHg and disappearance within 20-30 s. […] Progressive orthostatic hypotension is a condition different from classical rapid autonomic failure. […] Progressive orthostatic hypotension is commonly seen in the elderly because of age-related impairment in baroreflex mediated vasoconstriction and chronotropic responses of the heart. […] Some causes (e.g., volume depletion, drug induced) are transient problems that respond to treatment and do not have long-term consequences. […] Other diseases causing primary and secondary autonomic failure have long-term consequences and may potentially increase mortality – depending on the severity of the underlying disease.

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