Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Treatment and prognosis of Wilms tumor – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-and-prognosis-of-wilms-tumor

  Wilms tumor is the most common malignancy affecting the kidney(s) in children. Five-year overall survival (OS) rates have dramatically improved with multimodal therapy and now approach 90 percent. […] Several prognostic factors at the time of initial diagnosis are associated with an increased risk of tumor recurrence or death and include: Tumor histology, Tumor stage.

• #2 Prognostic Factors for Wilms Tumor Recurrence: A Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8268923/

  A Wilms tumor is a childhood kidney tumor. In high-income countries, 90% of patients with this tumor survive. However, the tumor recurs in 15% of patients. It is important to identify the patients at risk of recurrence in order to adjust treatment in such a way that recurrence may potentially be prevented. […] In high-income countries, the overall survival of children with Wilms tumors (WT) is ~90%. However, overall, 15% of patients experience tumor recurrence. The adverse prognostic factors currently used for risk stratification (advanced stage, high risk histology, and combined loss of heterozygosity at 1p and 16q in chemotherapy-nave WTs) are present in only one third of these cases, and the significance of these factors is prone to change with advancing knowledge and improved treatment regimens.

• #3 Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/wilms-treatment-pdq

  Wilms tumor can affect one kidney (unilateral) or both kidneys (bilateral). […] For children younger than 20 years with Wilms tumor (also known as nephroblastoma), the 5-year relative survival rate is 93%. […] The prognosis for patients with Wilms tumor depends on the following: histopathological features of the tumor (FH vs. anaplastic histology), stage of disease at diagnosis, molecular features of the tumor such as 1q gain and loss of heterozygosity of 1p and 16q. […] 1q gain, affecting 28% of Wilms tumors, is the most powerful predictor of outcome and is associated with an adverse outcome. […] The 5-year survival rate for Wilms tumor with favorable histology (FH) has been consistently greater than 90%. […] The prognosis for patients with Wilms tumor depends on the following: histopathological features of the tumor (FH vs. anaplastic histology), stage of disease at diagnosis, molecular features of the tumor such as 1q gain and loss of heterozygosity of 1p and 16q.

• #4 Survival statistics for Wilms tumour | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/wilms-tumour/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics

  Survival statistics for Wilms tumour are general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. These statistics are based on the experiences of groups of children and cannot be used to predict a particular child’s chances of survival. […] Overall survival is the percentage of children with a certain type of cancer who are expected to be alive at a specified period of time after their diagnosis. Doctors often use the overall survival rate when they talk about a prognosis. […] The 5-year overall survival for Wilms tumour in children 0 to 14 years old is about 96%. This means that, on average, about 96% of children diagnosed with Wilms tumour are expected to be alive at least 5 years after their diagnosis. […] Most relapses for Wilms tumour occur within the first 2 years of finishing treatment. This means that if the child reaches more than 5 years from their diagnosis without a relapse, they are unlikely to relapse from their original tumour.

• #5 Prognostic Factors for Wilms Tumor Recurrence: A Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8268923/

  A Wilms tumor is a childhood kidney tumor. In high-income countries, 90% of patients with this tumor survive. However, the tumor recurs in 15% of patients. It is important to identify the patients at risk of recurrence in order to adjust treatment in such a way that recurrence may potentially be prevented. […] In high-income countries, the overall survival of children with Wilms tumors (WT) is ~90%. However, overall, 15% of patients experience tumor recurrence. The adverse prognostic factors currently used for risk stratification (advanced stage, high risk histology, and combined loss of heterozygosity at 1p and 16q in chemotherapy-nave WTs) are present in only one third of these cases, and the significance of these factors is prone to change with advancing knowledge and improved treatment regimens.

• #6 Survival statistics for Wilms tumour | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/wilms-tumour/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics

  Survival statistics for Wilms tumour are general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. These statistics are based on the experiences of groups of children and cannot be used to predict a particular child’s chances of survival. […] Overall survival is the percentage of children with a certain type of cancer who are expected to be alive at a specified period of time after their diagnosis. Doctors often use the overall survival rate when they talk about a prognosis. […] The 5-year overall survival for Wilms tumour in children 0 to 14 years old is about 96%. This means that, on average, about 96% of children diagnosed with Wilms tumour are expected to be alive at least 5 years after their diagnosis. […] Most relapses for Wilms tumour occur within the first 2 years of finishing treatment. This means that if the child reaches more than 5 years from their diagnosis without a relapse, they are unlikely to relapse from their original tumour.

• #7 Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/wilms-treatment-pdq

  Wilms tumor can affect one kidney (unilateral) or both kidneys (bilateral). […] For children younger than 20 years with Wilms tumor (also known as nephroblastoma), the 5-year relative survival rate is 93%. […] The prognosis for patients with Wilms tumor depends on the following: histopathological features of the tumor (FH vs. anaplastic histology), stage of disease at diagnosis, molecular features of the tumor such as 1q gain and loss of heterozygosity of 1p and 16q. […] 1q gain, affecting 28% of Wilms tumors, is the most powerful predictor of outcome and is associated with an adverse outcome. […] The 5-year survival rate for Wilms tumor with favorable histology (FH) has been consistently greater than 90%. […] The prognosis for patients with Wilms tumor depends on the following: histopathological features of the tumor (FH vs. anaplastic histology), stage of disease at diagnosis, molecular features of the tumor such as 1q gain and loss of heterozygosity of 1p and 16q.

• #8 Treatment and prognosis of Wilms tumor – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-and-prognosis-of-wilms-tumor

  Wilms tumor is the most common malignancy affecting the kidney(s) in children. Five-year overall survival (OS) rates have dramatically improved with multimodal therapy and now approach 90 percent. […] Several prognostic factors at the time of initial diagnosis are associated with an increased risk of tumor recurrence or death and include: Tumor histology, Tumor stage.

• #9 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Wilms-Tumor-Prognosis.aspx

  The overall prognosis of Wilms Tumor is usually quite positive with more than 80% of all children diagnosed expecting to survive the disease long-term. […] With a timely diagnosis before the tumor has metastasized to other parts of the body the cure rate is even higher at 90% with standard treatment. […] The specific prognosis for each individual affected by this disease depends on the stage of the disease and the treatment plan. […] Cells with favorable histology account for the majority of Wilms tumor cases and involve cancer cells that display abnormal characteristics but do not have large defects in the genetic DNA. This type is associated with a positive prognosis, often more than 90% depending on the progression of the tumor. […] Unfavorable histology is marked by cancer cells with wide variations in appearance with the nucleus of the cell usually appearing swollen and distorted. This effect is known as anaplasia and is more difficult to treat and hence associated with a poorer prognosis.

• #10 Prognosis and survival for Wilms tumour | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/wilms-tumour/prognosis-and-survival

  If your child has Wilms tumour, you will have questions about their prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how well it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your childs medical history, the type and stage and other features of the cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] The type of Wilms tumour is an important prognostic factor. Tumours with favourable histology have a better prognosis than those with anaplastic (unfavourable) histology. Diffuse anaplastic histology ( anaplasia found throughout the tumour) is associated with higher rates of relapse and worse survival than a favourable histology.

• #11 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Wilms-Tumor-Prognosis.aspx

  The overall prognosis of Wilms Tumor is usually quite positive with more than 80% of all children diagnosed expecting to survive the disease long-term. […] With a timely diagnosis before the tumor has metastasized to other parts of the body the cure rate is even higher at 90% with standard treatment. […] The specific prognosis for each individual affected by this disease depends on the stage of the disease and the treatment plan. […] Cells with favorable histology account for the majority of Wilms tumor cases and involve cancer cells that display abnormal characteristics but do not have large defects in the genetic DNA. This type is associated with a positive prognosis, often more than 90% depending on the progression of the tumor. […] Unfavorable histology is marked by cancer cells with wide variations in appearance with the nucleus of the cell usually appearing swollen and distorted. This effect is known as anaplasia and is more difficult to treat and hence associated with a poorer prognosis.

• #12 Prognosis and survival for Wilms tumour | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/wilms-tumour/prognosis-and-survival

  If your child has Wilms tumour, you will have questions about their prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how well it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your childs medical history, the type and stage and other features of the cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] The type of Wilms tumour is an important prognostic factor. Tumours with favourable histology have a better prognosis than those with anaplastic (unfavourable) histology. Diffuse anaplastic histology ( anaplasia found throughout the tumour) is associated with higher rates of relapse and worse survival than a favourable histology.

• #13 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Wilms-Tumor-Prognosis.aspx

  Patients affected by this pathology of the disease are associated with a higher risk of relapse or death and, therefore, this factor can be used to help determine prognosis and choose appropriate treatment strengths. […] 4-year survival ranges from 98% for favorable histology and 80% for anaplasia. […] 4-year survival rate from 98% for favorable histology to 82% for anaplasia. […] 4-year survival rate from 53% to 94%, depending on degree of anaplasia. […] 4-year survival rate from 44% to 86%, depending on the degree of anaplasia. […] The 4-year survival rate ranges from 42% to 80%, depending on degree of anaplasia. […] Even though the overall prognosis of Wilms tumor is quite promising, children that are affected by the disease are at an increased risk of second cancer later in life.

• #14 Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/wilms-treatment-pdq

  Wilms tumor can affect one kidney (unilateral) or both kidneys (bilateral). […] For children younger than 20 years with Wilms tumor (also known as nephroblastoma), the 5-year relative survival rate is 93%. […] The prognosis for patients with Wilms tumor depends on the following: histopathological features of the tumor (FH vs. anaplastic histology), stage of disease at diagnosis, molecular features of the tumor such as 1q gain and loss of heterozygosity of 1p and 16q. […] 1q gain, affecting 28% of Wilms tumors, is the most powerful predictor of outcome and is associated with an adverse outcome. […] The 5-year survival rate for Wilms tumor with favorable histology (FH) has been consistently greater than 90%. […] The prognosis for patients with Wilms tumor depends on the following: histopathological features of the tumor (FH vs. anaplastic histology), stage of disease at diagnosis, molecular features of the tumor such as 1q gain and loss of heterozygosity of 1p and 16q.

• #15 Prognosis and survival for Wilms tumour | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/wilms-tumour/prognosis-and-survival

  The earlier the stage of Wilms tumour, the more favourable the prognosis. Cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes or to other areas of the body has a poorer prognosis. […] Younger age is a favourable prognostic factor. Children under 2 with favourable histology tumours that have not spread have a better prognosis than older children. […] The prognosis for a recurrent Wilms tumour is generally better if: the tumour has a favourable histology, no previous chemotherapy with doxorubicin (Adriamycin) was given, no previous radiation therapy was given, the recurrence happens at least 1 year after the initial diagnosis.

• #16 Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/wilms-treatment-pdq

  The prognosis for patients with Wilms tumor is generally favorable, especially for those with favorable histology and lower stage disease. […] The presence of tumor thrombus in the renal vein and/or inferior vena cava was associated with worse event-free survival (EFS). […] The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 100% for patients with stage I and stage II disease, 71% for stage III disease, and 8% for stage IV disease. […] The primary prognostic factor for RCC is stage of disease.

• #17 Outcome and prognostic factors in stage III favorable histology Wilms tumor (FHWT): A report from the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) study AREN0532. – ASCO

  https://www.asco.org/abstracts-presentations/ABSTRACT143178

  National Wilms Tumor Study 5 showed an inferior outcome for stage III FHWT patients with combined Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosomes 1p and 16q when treated with Regimen DD4A (vincristine/dactinomycin/doxorubicin/radiation therapy (RT)). […] We evaluated the outcomes and prognostic utility of clinical and biological variables for the remaining stage III FHWT patients. […] The 4-year event-free survival (EFS) and OS estimates were 88% (95%CI: 85-91%) and 96% (95%CI 93-98%), respectively. […] Lymph node status, post-chemotherapy histology, and LOH were predictive of EFS. […] Most stage III FHWT patients had very good EFS and OS with DD4A and RT. […] Future trials should consider modifying therapy based on identified prognostic markers.

• #18 Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/wilms-treatment-pdq

  The prognosis for patients with Wilms tumor is generally favorable, especially for those with favorable histology and lower stage disease. […] The presence of tumor thrombus in the renal vein and/or inferior vena cava was associated with worse event-free survival (EFS). […] The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 100% for patients with stage I and stage II disease, 71% for stage III disease, and 8% for stage IV disease. […] The primary prognostic factor for RCC is stage of disease.

• #19 Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/wilms-treatment-pdq

  The prognosis for patients with Wilms tumor is generally favorable, especially for those with favorable histology and lower stage disease. […] The presence of tumor thrombus in the renal vein and/or inferior vena cava was associated with worse event-free survival (EFS). […] The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 100% for patients with stage I and stage II disease, 71% for stage III disease, and 8% for stage IV disease. […] The primary prognostic factor for RCC is stage of disease.

• #20 Outcome Analysis of Stage 1 Epithelial Predominant Favorable Histology Wilms tumors. A report from the Children’s Oncology Group Study AREN03B2.

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7717680/

  Stage 1 epithelial-predominant favorable histology Wilms tumors (EFHWT) have long been suspected to have an excellent outcome. […] Our findings demonstrate an excellent outcome for Stage 1 EFHWT with 95% EFS and OS. […] Children with Stage 1 epithelial predominant favorable histology Wilms tumor have excellent event-free and overall survival, regardless of age or treatment regimen. […] To summarize, 4-year OS was excellent at 100%, with 4-year EFS of 96.2%. […] This study further supports prior observations that EFHWTs confined to the kidney have very low relapse rates and excellent event free and overall survival.

• #21 Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/wilms-treatment-pdq

  Wilms tumor can affect one kidney (unilateral) or both kidneys (bilateral). […] For children younger than 20 years with Wilms tumor (also known as nephroblastoma), the 5-year relative survival rate is 93%. […] The prognosis for patients with Wilms tumor depends on the following: histopathological features of the tumor (FH vs. anaplastic histology), stage of disease at diagnosis, molecular features of the tumor such as 1q gain and loss of heterozygosity of 1p and 16q. […] 1q gain, affecting 28% of Wilms tumors, is the most powerful predictor of outcome and is associated with an adverse outcome. […] The 5-year survival rate for Wilms tumor with favorable histology (FH) has been consistently greater than 90%. […] The prognosis for patients with Wilms tumor depends on the following: histopathological features of the tumor (FH vs. anaplastic histology), stage of disease at diagnosis, molecular features of the tumor such as 1q gain and loss of heterozygosity of 1p and 16q.

• #22 Outcome and prognostic factors in stage III favorable histology Wilms tumor (FHWT): A report from the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) study AREN0532. – ASCO

  https://www.asco.org/abstracts-presentations/ABSTRACT143178

  National Wilms Tumor Study 5 showed an inferior outcome for stage III FHWT patients with combined Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosomes 1p and 16q when treated with Regimen DD4A (vincristine/dactinomycin/doxorubicin/radiation therapy (RT)). […] We evaluated the outcomes and prognostic utility of clinical and biological variables for the remaining stage III FHWT patients. […] The 4-year event-free survival (EFS) and OS estimates were 88% (95%CI: 85-91%) and 96% (95%CI 93-98%), respectively. […] Lymph node status, post-chemotherapy histology, and LOH were predictive of EFS. […] Most stage III FHWT patients had very good EFS and OS with DD4A and RT. […] Future trials should consider modifying therapy based on identified prognostic markers.

• #23 Prognostic Factors for Wilms Tumor Recurrence: A Review of the Literature

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/13/3142

  In high-income countries, the overall survival of children with Wilms tumors (WT) is ~90%. However, overall, 15% of patients experience tumor recurrence. The adverse prognostic factors currently used for risk stratification (advanced stage, high risk histology, and combined loss of heterozygosity at 1p and 16q in chemotherapy-naïve WTs) are present in only one third of these cases, and the significance of these factors is prone to change with advancing knowledge and improved treatment regimens. Therefore, we present a comprehensive, updated overview of the published prognostic variables for WT recurrence, ranging from patient-, tumor- and treatment-related characteristics to geographic and socioeconomic factors. Improved first-line treatment regimens based on clinicopathological characteristics and advancing knowledge on copy number variations unveil the importance of further investigating the significance of biological markers for WT recurrence in international collaborations.

• #24 PRC1 as an independent adverse prognostic factor in Wilms tumor via integrated bioinformatics and experimental validation | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-98030-y

  Wilms Tumor (WT), a prevalent pediatric renal malignancy, exhibits marked heterogeneity and variable clinical outcomes. This study investigates the role of PRC1 as a key prognostic factor in WT and explore the mechanism through comprehensive bioinformatic and experimental approaches. […] Through bulk RNA-seq data from the TARGET database, we identified PRC1 as significantly up-regulated in WT and associated with poor overall survival. […] This study aims to identify core EMT-related genes influencing WT prognosis and elucidate their potential functions and mechanisms. […] Our findings revealed that PRC1 is an independent adverse prognostic factor in WT, confirmed through Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The high expression of PRC1 was associated with lower survival probabilities, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target. […] Collectively, we found that high PRC1 expression is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in Wilms tumor (WT), exerting its effects by affecting cell division, chromatin dynamics, and multiple oncogenic signaling pathways.

• #25 Prognosis and survival for Wilms tumour | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/wilms-tumour/prognosis-and-survival

  The earlier the stage of Wilms tumour, the more favourable the prognosis. Cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes or to other areas of the body has a poorer prognosis. […] Younger age is a favourable prognostic factor. Children under 2 with favourable histology tumours that have not spread have a better prognosis than older children. […] The prognosis for a recurrent Wilms tumour is generally better if: the tumour has a favourable histology, no previous chemotherapy with doxorubicin (Adriamycin) was given, no previous radiation therapy was given, the recurrence happens at least 1 year after the initial diagnosis.

• #26 Survival statistics for Wilms tumour | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/wilms-tumour/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics

  Survival varies with each stage and type of Wilms tumour. […] Generally: the lower the stage of Wilms tumour at diagnosis, the better the outcome; Wilms tumour with favourable histology has a better outcome than those with anaplastic (unfavourable) histology; children under 2 at diagnosis have a better outcome than older children. […] Only a doctor familiar with these factors can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis.

• #27 Survival characteristics of Wilms Tumor, a reference developed from a longitudinal cohort study | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-024-01698-7

  Patients aged 15 years and older exhibited a 10-year CSS of 73.4%, in contrast to patients aged 0-3 years who demonstrated a CSS of 95.5%. […] However, patients with distant spread had a markedly worse CSS, as did those with regional spread and individuals with an unknown stage when compared to patients with localized tumors. […] The one-year, five-year, and ten-year relative survival for WT patients were 98.10%, 92.80%, and 91.3% respectively. […] The five-year conditional survival after one year, five years, and ten years of survival for WT were 94.0%, 98.4%, and 99.0%, respectively. […] Survival rates for children diagnosed with a WT are subject to diverse factors. These factors encompass the tumor’s stage, the individual’s age and overall health, as well as the efficacy of the treatment plan.

• #28 Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/wilms-treatment-pdq

  Wilms tumor can affect one kidney (unilateral) or both kidneys (bilateral). […] For children younger than 20 years with Wilms tumor (also known as nephroblastoma), the 5-year relative survival rate is 93%. […] The prognosis for patients with Wilms tumor depends on the following: histopathological features of the tumor (FH vs. anaplastic histology), stage of disease at diagnosis, molecular features of the tumor such as 1q gain and loss of heterozygosity of 1p and 16q. […] 1q gain, affecting 28% of Wilms tumors, is the most powerful predictor of outcome and is associated with an adverse outcome. […] The 5-year survival rate for Wilms tumor with favorable histology (FH) has been consistently greater than 90%. […] The prognosis for patients with Wilms tumor depends on the following: histopathological features of the tumor (FH vs. anaplastic histology), stage of disease at diagnosis, molecular features of the tumor such as 1q gain and loss of heterozygosity of 1p and 16q.

• #29 Impact of Time to Surgery on Outcome in Wilms Tumor Treated with Preoperative Chemotherapy

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/5/1494

  Preoperative chemotherapy and thus delayed surgery has no negative influence on RFS or OS in unilateral, localized WT. However, in bilateral WT without metastatic disease, surgery should be performed before day 120, as the risk of relapse increases significantly thereafter. […] The length of preoperative chemotherapy has no negative impact on RFS or OS in UWT. In BWT without metastatic disease, surgery should be performed before day 120, as the risk of recurrence increases significantly thereafter. […] In UWT, recurrences and mortality are independent of TTS. For BWT without metastases at diagnosis, the incidence of recurrence is less than 18% up to 120 days and increases to 29% after 120 days, and to 60% after 150 days. The risk of relapse (Hazard Ratio) adjusted for age, local stage, and histological risk group increases to 2.87 after 120 days (CI 1.19–7.95, p = 0.022) and to 4.62 after 150 days (CI 1.17–18.26, p = 0.029).

• #30 Impact of Time to Surgery on Outcome in Wilms Tumor Treated with Preoperative Chemotherapy

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/5/1494

  Preoperative chemotherapy and thus delayed surgery has no negative influence on RFS or OS in unilateral, localized WT. However, in bilateral WT without metastatic disease, surgery should be performed before day 120, as the risk of relapse increases significantly thereafter. […] The length of preoperative chemotherapy has no negative impact on RFS or OS in UWT. In BWT without metastatic disease, surgery should be performed before day 120, as the risk of recurrence increases significantly thereafter. […] In UWT, recurrences and mortality are independent of TTS. For BWT without metastases at diagnosis, the incidence of recurrence is less than 18% up to 120 days and increases to 29% after 120 days, and to 60% after 150 days. The risk of relapse (Hazard Ratio) adjusted for age, local stage, and histological risk group increases to 2.87 after 120 days (CI 1.19–7.95, p = 0.022) and to 4.62 after 150 days (CI 1.17–18.26, p = 0.029).

• #31 Impact of Time to Surgery on Outcome in Wilms Tumor Treated with Preoperative Chemotherapy

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/5/1494

  The overall survival for patients with unilateral tumor without metastases is not significantly different for the different time intervals. With metastatic disease, the intervals of 49, 56, 63, and 70 days show increasingly worse OS with a significant difference at 70 days (≤70 days: 87.3% vs. >70 days: 69.2%; p = 0.005). […] The OS for bilateral WT without metastatic disease at diagnosis is 90% up to 120 days of preoperative chemotherapy. Although the incidence of relapses increases to 29% at 120 days and then to 60% at 150 days, mortality increases insignificantly to 20% at 150 days.

• #32 Impact of Time to Surgery on Outcome in Wilms Tumor Treated with Preoperative Chemotherapy

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/5/1494

  Preoperative chemotherapy and thus delayed surgery has no negative influence on RFS or OS in unilateral, localized WT. However, in bilateral WT without metastatic disease, surgery should be performed before day 120, as the risk of relapse increases significantly thereafter. […] The length of preoperative chemotherapy has no negative impact on RFS or OS in UWT. In BWT without metastatic disease, surgery should be performed before day 120, as the risk of recurrence increases significantly thereafter. […] In UWT, recurrences and mortality are independent of TTS. For BWT without metastases at diagnosis, the incidence of recurrence is less than 18% up to 120 days and increases to 29% after 120 days, and to 60% after 150 days. The risk of relapse (Hazard Ratio) adjusted for age, local stage, and histological risk group increases to 2.87 after 120 days (CI 1.19–7.95, p = 0.022) and to 4.62 after 150 days (CI 1.17–18.26, p = 0.029).

• #33 Prognosis and survival for Wilms tumour | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/wilms-tumour/prognosis-and-survival

  The earlier the stage of Wilms tumour, the more favourable the prognosis. Cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes or to other areas of the body has a poorer prognosis. […] Younger age is a favourable prognostic factor. Children under 2 with favourable histology tumours that have not spread have a better prognosis than older children. […] The prognosis for a recurrent Wilms tumour is generally better if: the tumour has a favourable histology, no previous chemotherapy with doxorubicin (Adriamycin) was given, no previous radiation therapy was given, the recurrence happens at least 1 year after the initial diagnosis.

• #34 Predicting the prognosis of Wilms tumor by peripheral blood cells: a real-world study of more than 30 years | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-024-01805-8

  Despite established excellent treatment strategies for Wilms tumor (WT), effective prognostic evaluation methods were lacking. This study aims to examine prognostic factors for WT through real-world peripheral blood cell profiling. […] Blood cells significantly differed between WT and non-WT groups (P<0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that NLR above 1.380, stage IV, M below 0.325 103/L were linked with lower OS, and PLR below 94.632, LB above 3.570 103/L, stage IV, M above 0.325 103/L, age 3 years were meaningful for higher EFS (P<0.05). While in the multifactorial COX, only M (HR:0.220, HR95%CI: 0.080 ~ 0.620,P= 0.004 and HR: 0.437, HR95%CI: 0.202 ~ 0.947,P= 0.036, respectively) and stage IV (HR: 7.890, HR95%CI: 1.650 ~ 37.770,P= 0.010 and HR: 3.720, HR95%CI: 1.330 ~ 10.408,P = 0.012, respectively) were independent prognostic factors for OS and EFS.

• #35 Predicting the prognosis of Wilms tumor by peripheral blood cells: a real-world study of more than 30 years | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-024-01805-8

  OS and EFS were poorer in WT children with M below 0.325 103/L, suggesting the potential as a prognostic predictor for WT. […] Overall survival and event-free survival were worse in patients with absolute monocyte count below 0.325 103/L and stage IV. For these patients, vigilance regarding their prognosis as well as timely and proactive treatment was required.

• #36 Predicting the prognosis of Wilms tumor by peripheral blood cells: a real-world study of more than 30 years | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-024-01805-8

  Despite established excellent treatment strategies for Wilms tumor (WT), effective prognostic evaluation methods were lacking. This study aims to examine prognostic factors for WT through real-world peripheral blood cell profiling. […] Blood cells significantly differed between WT and non-WT groups (P<0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that NLR above 1.380, stage IV, M below 0.325 103/L were linked with lower OS, and PLR below 94.632, LB above 3.570 103/L, stage IV, M above 0.325 103/L, age 3 years were meaningful for higher EFS (P<0.05). While in the multifactorial COX, only M (HR:0.220, HR95%CI: 0.080 ~ 0.620,P= 0.004 and HR: 0.437, HR95%CI: 0.202 ~ 0.947,P= 0.036, respectively) and stage IV (HR: 7.890, HR95%CI: 1.650 ~ 37.770,P= 0.010 and HR: 3.720, HR95%CI: 1.330 ~ 10.408,P = 0.012, respectively) were independent prognostic factors for OS and EFS.

• #37 Survival characteristics of Wilms Tumor, a reference developed from a longitudinal cohort study | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-024-01698-7

  Patients aged 15 years and older exhibited a 10-year CSS of 73.4%, in contrast to patients aged 0-3 years who demonstrated a CSS of 95.5%. […] However, patients with distant spread had a markedly worse CSS, as did those with regional spread and individuals with an unknown stage when compared to patients with localized tumors. […] The one-year, five-year, and ten-year relative survival for WT patients were 98.10%, 92.80%, and 91.3% respectively. […] The five-year conditional survival after one year, five years, and ten years of survival for WT were 94.0%, 98.4%, and 99.0%, respectively. […] Survival rates for children diagnosed with a WT are subject to diverse factors. These factors encompass the tumor’s stage, the individual’s age and overall health, as well as the efficacy of the treatment plan.

• #38 Survival characteristics of Wilms Tumor, a reference developed from a longitudinal cohort study | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-024-01698-7

  Patients aged 15 years and older exhibited a 10-year CSS of 73.4%, in contrast to patients aged 0-3 years who demonstrated a CSS of 95.5%. […] However, patients with distant spread had a markedly worse CSS, as did those with regional spread and individuals with an unknown stage when compared to patients with localized tumors. […] The one-year, five-year, and ten-year relative survival for WT patients were 98.10%, 92.80%, and 91.3% respectively. […] The five-year conditional survival after one year, five years, and ten years of survival for WT were 94.0%, 98.4%, and 99.0%, respectively. […] Survival rates for children diagnosed with a WT are subject to diverse factors. These factors encompass the tumor’s stage, the individual’s age and overall health, as well as the efficacy of the treatment plan.

• #39 Survival characteristics of Wilms Tumor, a reference developed from a longitudinal cohort study | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-024-01698-7

  Wilms tumor (WT) survival has been affected by the evolution in clinical and biological prognostic factors. Significant differences in survival rates indicate the need for further efforts to reduce these disparities. […] The prognosis for children diagnosed with WT can vary considerably based on various factors, such as age, sex, race, chemotherapy status, laterality, and tumor. […] The survival for patients with WT is strongly influenced by both their age and the stage of cancer at diagnosis, with survival rates decreasing significantly as the disease advances to higher stages. […] The evolution of biological and clinical prognostic factors adopted for WT has raised the repercussions that call for assessing the extent of the impact of these factors on WT. […] The overall survival (OS) rates for the entire cohort at the 5-year and 10-year marks were 93.6% and 92.5%, respectively.

• #40 Survival characteristics of Wilms Tumor, a reference developed from a longitudinal cohort study | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-024-01698-7

  The reported 5-year relative survival rate for children with a WT by the American Cancer Society is 93%. […] These findings underscore the encouraging prospect that the longer a person has successfully battled cancer, the more favorable their chances of extending their survival for an additional 5 years or more.

• #41 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Wilms-Tumor-Prognosis.aspx

  Patients affected by this pathology of the disease are associated with a higher risk of relapse or death and, therefore, this factor can be used to help determine prognosis and choose appropriate treatment strengths. […] 4-year survival ranges from 98% for favorable histology and 80% for anaplasia. […] 4-year survival rate from 98% for favorable histology to 82% for anaplasia. […] 4-year survival rate from 53% to 94%, depending on degree of anaplasia. […] 4-year survival rate from 44% to 86%, depending on the degree of anaplasia. […] The 4-year survival rate ranges from 42% to 80%, depending on degree of anaplasia. […] Even though the overall prognosis of Wilms tumor is quite promising, children that are affected by the disease are at an increased risk of second cancer later in life.

• #42 Investigating the dysfunctional pathogenesis of Wilms’ tumor through a multidimensional integration strategy

  https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/24808/html

  Wilms tumor (WT) is a common kidney tumor in early childhood which is characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and syndromes. With the continuous improvement of medical standards, the cure rate and survival period of WT have increased. […] However, satisfactory results have not been achieved as poor prognosis, recurrent WT and treatment side effects are still high in some patients. […] Studies have shown that WT is caused by genetic abnormalities, epigenetics, genetic mutations and environmental factors. […] This study explored the pathogenesis of WT from a new perspective, and provides new candidate targets and therapeutic drugs for improving the cure rate of WT. […] Statistical analysis showed that some regulators play an important role in the pathogenesis of WT by regulating multiple dysfunction modules.

• #43 Survival statistics for Wilms tumour | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/wilms-tumour/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics

  Survival statistics for Wilms tumour are general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. These statistics are based on the experiences of groups of children and cannot be used to predict a particular child’s chances of survival. […] Overall survival is the percentage of children with a certain type of cancer who are expected to be alive at a specified period of time after their diagnosis. Doctors often use the overall survival rate when they talk about a prognosis. […] The 5-year overall survival for Wilms tumour in children 0 to 14 years old is about 96%. This means that, on average, about 96% of children diagnosed with Wilms tumour are expected to be alive at least 5 years after their diagnosis. […] Most relapses for Wilms tumour occur within the first 2 years of finishing treatment. This means that if the child reaches more than 5 years from their diagnosis without a relapse, they are unlikely to relapse from their original tumour.

• #44 Survival Rates for Wilms Tumors | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/wilms-tumor/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html

  Survival rates are often used by doctors as a standard way of discussing a persons prognosis (outlook). […] Survival rates cant tell you exactly what will happen with any person, but they may help give you a better understanding about how likely it is that treatment will be successful. […] Keep in mind that survival rates are estimates, but they cant predict what will happen in any one persons case. […] Survival is often measured using a 4-year survival rate. This refers to the percentage of children who live at least 4 years after their cancer is diagnosed. […] Survival rates cant predict for sure what will happen in a particular childs case. […] Each childs outlook can vary based on factors specific to them. The most important factors in determining a childs outlook are the stage and histology of the tumor.

• #45 Survival Rates for Wilms Tumors | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/wilms-tumor/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html

  Survival rates are often used by doctors as a standard way of discussing a persons prognosis (outlook). […] Survival rates cant tell you exactly what will happen with any person, but they may help give you a better understanding about how likely it is that treatment will be successful. […] Keep in mind that survival rates are estimates, but they cant predict what will happen in any one persons case. […] Survival is often measured using a 4-year survival rate. This refers to the percentage of children who live at least 4 years after their cancer is diagnosed. […] Survival rates cant predict for sure what will happen in a particular childs case. […] Each childs outlook can vary based on factors specific to them. The most important factors in determining a childs outlook are the stage and histology of the tumor.

• #46 Prognosis and survival for Wilms tumour | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/wilms-tumour/prognosis-and-survival

  If your child has Wilms tumour, you will have questions about their prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how well it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your childs medical history, the type and stage and other features of the cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] The type of Wilms tumour is an important prognostic factor. Tumours with favourable histology have a better prognosis than those with anaplastic (unfavourable) histology. Diffuse anaplastic histology ( anaplasia found throughout the tumour) is associated with higher rates of relapse and worse survival than a favourable histology.

• #47 Survival statistics for Wilms tumour | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/wilms-tumour/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics

  Survival varies with each stage and type of Wilms tumour. […] Generally: the lower the stage of Wilms tumour at diagnosis, the better the outcome; Wilms tumour with favourable histology has a better outcome than those with anaplastic (unfavourable) histology; children under 2 at diagnosis have a better outcome than older children. […] Only a doctor familiar with these factors can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis.

• #48 Prognostic Factors for Wilms Tumor Recurrence: A Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8268923/

  Current negative prognostic factors used for patient stratification are present in only one third of WT patients who subsequently relapse. To potentially improve relapse prediction, we have provided an overview of the prognostic value of currently applied and novel factors. Tumor stage and histological subtype clearly remain relevant prognosticators, notwithstanding that the current staging system may deserve adjustments (i.e., in the differentiation between stages I and II, or in the classification of the heterogeneous stage III).

• #49 Prognostic Factors for Wilms Tumor Recurrence: A Review of the Literature

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/13/3142

  Current negative prognostic factors used for patient stratification are present in only one third of WT patients who subsequently relapse. To potentially improve relapse prediction, we have provided an overview of the prognostic value of currently applied and novel factors. Tumor stage and histological subtype clearly remain relevant prognosticators, notwithstanding that the current staging system may deserve adjustments (i.e., in the differentiation between stages I and II, or in the classification of the heterogeneous stage III). Since both tumor stage definition and histologic classification are easily achievable in settings with limited resources, they remain valid prognostic classifiers in low- and middle-income countries. Patient age at diagnosis and biological markers such as 1q gain and LOH 1p/16q represent additional prognostic factors to validate or use in prospective larger experiences. It is noteworthy that access to multidisciplinary care and expertise also seem to significantly influence EFS rates of children with WT. Finally, international harmonization of definitions, diagnosis, treatment and radiology and pathology review in combination with identification of novel adverse genetic signatures may provide the opportunity to further develop the array of prognostic factors for WT recurrence.

• #50 Outcome and prognostic factors in stage III favorable histology Wilms tumor (FHWT): A report from the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) study AREN0532. – ASCO

  https://www.asco.org/abstracts-presentations/ABSTRACT143178

  National Wilms Tumor Study 5 showed an inferior outcome for stage III FHWT patients with combined Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosomes 1p and 16q when treated with Regimen DD4A (vincristine/dactinomycin/doxorubicin/radiation therapy (RT)). […] We evaluated the outcomes and prognostic utility of clinical and biological variables for the remaining stage III FHWT patients. […] The 4-year event-free survival (EFS) and OS estimates were 88% (95%CI: 85-91%) and 96% (95%CI 93-98%), respectively. […] Lymph node status, post-chemotherapy histology, and LOH were predictive of EFS. […] Most stage III FHWT patients had very good EFS and OS with DD4A and RT. […] Future trials should consider modifying therapy based on identified prognostic markers.

• #51 Prognostic Factors for Wilms Tumor Recurrence: A Review of the Literature

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/13/3142

  Current negative prognostic factors used for patient stratification are present in only one third of WT patients who subsequently relapse. To potentially improve relapse prediction, we have provided an overview of the prognostic value of currently applied and novel factors. Tumor stage and histological subtype clearly remain relevant prognosticators, notwithstanding that the current staging system may deserve adjustments (i.e., in the differentiation between stages I and II, or in the classification of the heterogeneous stage III). Since both tumor stage definition and histologic classification are easily achievable in settings with limited resources, they remain valid prognostic classifiers in low- and middle-income countries. Patient age at diagnosis and biological markers such as 1q gain and LOH 1p/16q represent additional prognostic factors to validate or use in prospective larger experiences. It is noteworthy that access to multidisciplinary care and expertise also seem to significantly influence EFS rates of children with WT. Finally, international harmonization of definitions, diagnosis, treatment and radiology and pathology review in combination with identification of novel adverse genetic signatures may provide the opportunity to further develop the array of prognostic factors for WT recurrence.

• #52 Prognostic Factors for Wilms Tumor Recurrence: A Review of the Literature

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/13/3142

  Prognostic Factors for Wilms Tumor Recurrence: A Review of the Literature […] A Wilms tumor is a childhood kidney tumor. In high-income countries, 90% of patients with this tumor survive. However, the tumor recurs in 15% of patients. It is important to identify the patients at risk of recurrence in order to adjust treatment in such a way that recurrence may potentially be prevented. However, we are currently unable to determine precisely which patients are at risk of recurrence. Therefore, we present an overview of factors that influence the risk of recurrence, also known as prognostic factors. These factors range from patient-, tumor- and treatment-related characteristics to geographic and socioeconomic factors. In addition to these factors, biological markers, such as genetic alterations, should be studied more intensively as these markers may be able to better identify patients at risk of tumor recurrence.

• #53 Investigating the dysfunctional pathogenesis of Wilms’ tumor through a multidimensional integration strategy

  https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/24808/html

  The predictive analysis of this study indicates its potential regulatory role in WT, but its basic molecular mechanism needs to be studied extensively. […] This study predicts that WTs potential drugs lay a strong theoretical foundation for further exploration. […] In summary, this work reveals the multifactor-mediated dysfunctional network and characterizes the potential molecular mechanisms of WT. This not only clarifies the overall effect of related genes at a global level, but also improves the potential pathogenesis of WT, providing numerous candidate resources for future experimental verification.

• #54 Investigating the dysfunctional pathogenesis of Wilms’ tumor through a multidimensional integration strategy

  https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/24808/html

  The predictive analysis of this study indicates its potential regulatory role in WT, but its basic molecular mechanism needs to be studied extensively. […] This study predicts that WTs potential drugs lay a strong theoretical foundation for further exploration. […] In summary, this work reveals the multifactor-mediated dysfunctional network and characterizes the potential molecular mechanisms of WT. This not only clarifies the overall effect of related genes at a global level, but also improves the potential pathogenesis of WT, providing numerous candidate resources for future experimental verification.

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