Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pituitary tumors – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pituitary-tumors/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350553

  Many pituitary adenomas don’t need treatment. They are not cancer, so if they don’t cause symptoms, simply watching them over time may be a good approach. If treatment is needed, the specific treatment depends on the tumor type, size, location and growth over time. If a tumor is causing too much or too little of certain hormones in the body, that also affects the treatment. Your age and overall health play a role in treatment planning too. […] If a pituitary adenoma needs treatment, it may include surgery to remove the tumor. Medication or radiation therapy also might be used to treat a pituitary adenoma. Treatment involves a team of medical experts. The team may include a: Brain surgeon, also called a neurosurgeon. Nose and sinus surgeon, also called an ENT surgeon. Hormone disorder specialist, also called an endocrinologist. Radiation therapy specialist, also called a radiation oncologist.

• #2 Pituitary Tumors Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/pituitary/hp/pituitary-treatment-pdq

  The goals of treatment of pituitary adenomas include normalization of hormonal secretion (i.e., normalization of hypersecretion and improvement in hypofunction) and resolution or cessation of the progression of neurological defects. […] Treatment options for patients with pituitary tumors include: Surgery. Radiation therapy. Medical therapy. A combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and medical therapy. Stereotactic radiation surgery (under clinical evaluation). […] The transsphenoidal microsurgical approach to a pituitary lesion is the most widely used approach and represents a major development in the safe surgical treatment of both hormonally active and nonfunctioning tumors. […] Conventional radiation therapy is an effective adjunct to the treatment of pituitary tumors. […] Hormone-secreting tumors may be treated with surgery or radiation therapy. Surgical therapy is the treatment of choice for growth hormone (GH)-producing, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing, and endocrine-inactive adenomas.

• #3 Pituitary Tumors Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/pituitary/patient/pituitary-treatment-pdq

  A pituitary tumor is a growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the pituitary gland. […] Treatment options depend on: […] The type and size of the tumor. […] Whether the tumor is making hormones. […] Whether the tumor is causing problems with vision or other signs or symptoms. […] Whether the tumor has spread into the brain around the pituitary gland or to other parts of the body. […] Whether the tumor has just been diagnosed or has recurred (come back). […] There are different types of treatment for patients with pituitary tumors. […] The following types of treatment are used: […] Surgery […] Radiation therapy […] Drug therapy […] Chemotherapy. […] Many pituitary tumors can be removed by surgery using one of the following operations: […] Transsphenoidal surgery: A type of surgery in which the instruments are inserted into part of the brain by going through an incision (cut) made under the upper lip or at the bottom of the nose between the nostrils and then through the sphenoid bone (a butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull) to reach the pituitary gland.

• #4 Pituitary tumors – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pituitary-tumors/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350553

  The goal of radiation therapy for pituitary adenomas is to control adenoma growth or to stop the adenoma from making hormones. […] Treatment with medications can be useful for the management of pituitary adenomas. They can help lower the amount of hormones the body makes due to a tumor. Some medications also can shrink certain types of pituitary tumors. […] If your hormones fall to unhealthy levels, you may need to take hormone replacement therapy. This can restore hormones to a healthy level. […] In watchful waiting also known as observation, expectant therapy or deferred therapy you might need regular follow-up tests to see if a tumor grows or if hormone levels change. Watchful waiting may be a choice for you if an adenoma isn’t causing any symptoms or triggering other health problems.

• #5 Pituitary tumors – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pituitary-tumors/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350553

  Surgery to treat a pituitary tumor involves removing the tumor. This is sometimes called a tumor resection. A surgeon may suggest surgery if a pituitary adenoma: Presses on the optic nerves and limits eyesight. Causes other symptoms, such as headache or facial pain. Lowers hormone levels in the body due to pressure on the pituitary gland. Causes the body to make too much of some hormones. […] Results after surgery typically depend on the adenoma type, its size and location, and whether the tumor has grown into tissues around it. […] Surgery to remove a pituitary tumor might damage the pituitary gland. That can limit its ability to make hormones, leading to other medical problems including diabetes insipidus. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy sources of radiation to treat pituitary tumors. Radiation therapy can be used after surgery. Or it can be used alone if surgery isn’t an option.

• #6 Pituitary Tumors Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/pituitary/patient/pituitary-treatment-pdq

  A pituitary tumor is a growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the pituitary gland. […] Treatment options depend on: […] The type and size of the tumor. […] Whether the tumor is making hormones. […] Whether the tumor is causing problems with vision or other signs or symptoms. […] Whether the tumor has spread into the brain around the pituitary gland or to other parts of the body. […] Whether the tumor has just been diagnosed or has recurred (come back). […] There are different types of treatment for patients with pituitary tumors. […] The following types of treatment are used: […] Surgery […] Radiation therapy […] Drug therapy […] Chemotherapy. […] Many pituitary tumors can be removed by surgery using one of the following operations: […] Transsphenoidal surgery: A type of surgery in which the instruments are inserted into part of the brain by going through an incision (cut) made under the upper lip or at the bottom of the nose between the nostrils and then through the sphenoid bone (a butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull) to reach the pituitary gland.

• #7 Pituitary Tumors Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Patient Information [NCI] | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.pituitary-tumors-treatment-pdq%C2%AE-treatment-patient-information-nci.ncicdr0000579645

  Transsphenoidal surgery: A type of surgery in which the instruments are inserted into part of the brain by going through an incision (cut) made under the upper lip or at the bottom of the nose between the nostrils and then through the sphenoid bone (a butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull) to reach the pituitary gland. […] Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery: A type of surgery in which an endoscope is inserted through an incision (cut) made at the back of the inside of the nose and then through the sphenoid bone to reach the pituitary gland. […] Craniotomy: Surgery to remove the tumor through an opening made in the skull. […] After the doctor removes all the cancer that can be seen at the time of the surgery, some patients may be given chemotherapy or radiation therapy after surgery to kill any cancer cells that are left. Treatment given after the surgery, to lower the risk that the cancer will come back, is called adjuvant therapy.

• #8 Pituitary Gland and Pituitary Tumors – AANS

  http://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/pituitary-gland-and-pituitary-tumors/

  Early intervention provides the best chance for cure or control of a pituitary tumor and its side effects. There are three types of treatment used for pituitary tumors: surgical removal of the tumor, radiation therapy using high-dose x-rays to kill tumor cells and medication therapy to shrink or eradicate the tumor. […] The transsphenoidal approach involves accessing the tumor through the nasal cavity using either a microsurgical or endoscopic approach, whichever the surgeon prefers. Surgery is usually combined with the use of computer guidance, allowing a minimally invasive approach. Transsphenoidal surgery is invariably the procedure of choice in small functional adenomas and in most macroadenomas, with the exception of prolactinomas. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill abnormal pituitary tumor cells. Radiation is extremely effective in stopping tumor growth and, with time, will lead to tumor shrinkage. Radiation therapy may be an option if the tumor cannot be treated effectively through medication or surgery.

• #9 Pituitary Tumor Treatment Options

  https://www.massgeneral.org/neurosurgery/treatments-and-services/pituitary-tumor-treatments

  The most common form of surgery to remove pituitary tumors is transsphenoidal microsurgery. A neurosurgeon approaches the pituitary tumor through the nose, in the sphenoid sinus cavity. Using this natural pathway the surgeon does not need to drill a hole in your skull. With a surgical microscope and special instruments, the surgeon can typically safely remove the tumor without damaging the surrounding pituitary gland. […] To treat a pituitary tumor with radiation, doctors may use a variety of techniques depending on the size and location of the tumor. Conventional radiation covers a wide area in and around the tumor and is usually given daily for several weeks. A number of more focused „radiosurgery” therapies are also available and may be appropriate for your case including proton beam. These methods begin with an MRI scan to image your brain. The scan locates the precise location and size of the tumor. After the MRI, you go into a special treatment room. Using the points mapped from the MRI, several narrow beams of high-dose radiation are delivered to the exact tumor location. These beams are so precise that they can avoid the normal tissue surrounding the tumor. All radiation therapy works slowly and it may take from six months to several years for your condition to improve. This is why radiation therapy is typically used together with other therapies. It is important to have an evaluation for radiation therapy at a center with expertise in treating pituitary tumors.

• #10 Pituitary Adenomas: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment | PNI

  https://www.pacificneuroscienceinstitute.org/pituitary-disorders/conditions/pituitary-adenomas/

  Surgical success rates (complete tumor removal and normalization of hormonal hypersecretion) are generally quite high (80-90%) with smaller and non-invasive pituitary adenomas, but are lower for large or invasive macroadenomas (40-70%). […] Many patients with pituitary tumors will develop varying degrees of hypopituitarism (pituitary gland deficiency) either as a result of the tumor impact on the gland or sometimes as a result of surgery or other treatments. […] For prolactinomas that are typically treated with medical therapy, we have highly experienced endocrinologists to provide this therapy. […] We recommend an endoscopic endonasal surgical removal of the tumor by an experienced team, ideally consisting of both a neurosurgeon and ENT surgeon. […] The hospital stay after pituitary tumor surgery at PNI is typically 1-2 days, depending on the patients health, surgery complexity, and complications.

• #11 Pituitary Adenomas: Definition, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15328-pituitary-adenomas

  As a result of surgeries and/or radiation therapy, approximately 60% of people with pituitary adenomas develop hypopituitarism after treatment, a condition in which there’s a lack of production of one, multiple, or all of your pituitary hormones. Hypopituitarism is treatable with hormone replacement medications.

• #12 Radiotherapy – Pituitary Foundation

  https://www.pituitary.org.uk/information/radiotherapy/

  The aim of radiotherapy treatment for patients with pituitary tumours is to control the growth of the tumour (or any remaining tumour after surgery) and prevent it enlarging. […] Radiotherapy is sometimes used as part of the overall treatment for pituitary tumours (also called pituitary adenomas). […] In some cases, radiotherapy also results in shrinkage of the tumour, but this can take many months or years to happen. […] Pituitary tumours grow very slowly and tend to respond to radiotherapy slowly as well. Because of this, if radiotherapy treatment is required, it does not need to be given urgently within days or weeks of surgery and can safely be given months after the operation. […] It is not always possible to remove the whole of the pituitary tumour during surgery without running the risk of damaging surrounding structures, such as the optic nerves (the nerves that come from the eye and enable us to see) or major blood vessels.

• #13 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=34&contentid=18829-1

  Radiation works very slowly on some pituitary tumors. Radiation can stop the tumor from growing. But it will not cause the tumor to disappear. Even when the tumor is no longer growing after treatment, it can take years for hormone production to improve. […] The type of radiation therapy given depends on several things. These include if the specific type of treatment is available, the location and size of the tumor, and if the tumor is making excess hormones. […] Types of radiation that may be used include: IMRT (intensity modulated radiation therapy). This is a form of 3-D radiation that’s used most often. The radiation comes from a machine outside the body. A computer is used to control the intensity and shape of the beams so they match the shape of the tumor. This helps limit damage to nearby tissues. Treatment may be given 5 times a week, from Monday to Friday, for 4 to 6 weeks.

• #14 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=34&contentid=18829-1

  Stereotactic radiation. This form of radiation precisely targets the tumor with high doses of radiation. It directs beams at the tumor from different angles. It’s often used as 1 high-dose treatment, but it can be repeated. It’s very precise. It treats the tumor and not the entire brain or the healthy part of the pituitary. This kind of radiation may cause fewer side effects. But it cant be used if the tumor is near important nerves, such as the optic nerve. […] Proton beam radiation. This type of radiation therapy uses a different type of particle (or energy) beam. It’s aimed into the body by a large machine. It can focus right on the pituitary tumor. This helps limit radiation to nearby healthy tissues. Proton radiation is only done in certain medical centers because special equipment must be used. Studies are still looking at if it’s safer and if it works better than standard radiation. Treatment may be given 5 times a week, from Monday to Friday, for 4 to 6 weeks.

• #15 Proton therapy for pituitary adenoma | Applied Radiation Oncology

  https://www.appliedradiationoncology.com/articles/proton-therapy-for-pituitary-adenoma

  Pituitary adenomas arise from the adenohypophysis and represent approximately 10% to 15% of all primary brain tumors. […] Standard treatment for nonfunctioning macroadenomas is transsphenoidal resection, and functioning adenomas can be medically managed when indicated. […] Radiation therapy (RT) is used in the adjuvant setting after a subtotal resection or as a primary treatment for symptomatic primary or recurrent gross disease that is not amenable to surgical excision and cannot be medically managed. […] The advantage of proton therapy over conventional RT is a potential for decreased late effects of radiation attributable to lower doses to adjacent normal tissues. […] To date, the literature regarding proton therapy for pituitary adenoma is sparse. […] Our study demonstrates the feasibility of delivering proton therapy for pituitary adenoma. The high conformality of proton therapy does not appear to compromise local control and there is no increased early toxicity. Given the results of RTOG 0933, the lower dose to the hippocampi and temporal lobes should reduce the neurocognitive impact of radiotherapy. This greatest benefit will likely be in younger patients who are expected to have long-term survival.

• #16 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=34&contentid=18829-1

  Talk with your doctor about what you might feel like during and after radiation therapy. Side effects tend to get worse as treatment goes on, but most of them can be treated. […] Some common side effects of radiation therapy include: Skin in the treated area that’s irritated, dry, red, and blistered like a sunburn. Hair loss on the part of your head that the radiation passes through to reach the tumor. Sometimes the hair doesn’t grow back the same. Feeling very tired or weak. Nausea and vomiting. Swelling in the brain that causes headaches, confusion, seizures, and speech problems. Damage to the healthy part of the pituitary gland that makes it stop working. This may need careful blood test monitoring and hormone replacement therapy. Memory changes. Vision problems. […] Some long-term side effects of radiation include hormone changes, vision loss, memory loss, and stroke-like symptoms. These may not show up until many years after you finish treatment. They depend on the dose of the radiation and the area that’s treated. They also depend on how many times you have treatment. Ask your doctor what you may expect and make sure to schedule a close follow-up with your doctor once treatment is complete.

• #17 Drug therapy for pituitary gland tumours | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/pituitary-gland-tumours/treatment/drug-therapy

  Drug therapy is usually used to treat pituitary gland tumours that make too many hormones (functioning tumours). The drugs work by changing hormone levels so they return to normal. […] Drug therapy is given for different reasons. You may have drug therapy to: control hormone levels in the body, manage symptoms caused by abnormal hormone levels, shrink a tumour before other treatments such as surgery or radiation therapy (called neoadjuvant therapy), destroy cancer cells left behind after surgery and reduce the risk that the cancer will come back (called adjuvant therapy), destroy cancer cells in the body, ease the symptoms of advanced pituitary gland cancer (called palliative therapy). […] Your healthcare team will consider your personal needs to plan the drugs, doses and schedules of targeted therapy. You may also receive other treatments.

• #18 Drug therapy for pituitary gland tumours | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/pituitary-gland-tumours/treatment/drug-therapy

  Which drugs are used for pituitary gland tumours depend mainly on the type of tumour and hormone levels in the body. […] Dopamine agonists are the main treatment, and often only treatment, for prolactin-producing tumours. […] Somatostatin analogues are drugs that lower the amount of hormones made and released by certain functioning pituitary gland tumours. […] Growth hormone receptor antagonists are drugs that block growth hormone from working properly. They are used to control acromegaly caused by growth hormone-producing tumours. […] Steroidogenesis inhibitors block cortisol and other steroid hormones from being made by the adrenal glands. They are used to treat Cushing disease caused by an ACTH-producing tumour. […] Hormone replacement is usually needed when the pituitary gland is not making enough of any of its hormones (called hypopituitarism). […] Chemotherapy uses anticancer (cytotoxic) drugs to destroy cancer cells. It may be used to treat pituitary carcinoma.

• #19 Medication for Pituitary Tumors | American Cancer Society | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pituitary-tumors/treating/medicines.html

  Many medicines can be used to treat pituitary tumors. For some pituitary tumors, medicine might be the only treatment needed. For other tumors, medicines might not be used unless other treatments such as surgery or radiation therapy aren’t effective. […] Dopamine agonists can usually stop prolactinomas from making too much prolactin and can shrink these tumors. One of these drugs is often the only treatment needed for these tumors. […] These drugs work so well that surgery usually isn’t needed for prolactinomas. […] Medicines do not work as well for these tumors as they do for some other types of pituitary tumors. Surgery is often the first treatment for these tumors, but medicines might be helpful if the tumor can’t be removed completely, or if a person can’t have surgery for some reason.

• #20 Pituitary Gland and Pituitary Tumors – AANS

  http://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/pituitary-gland-and-pituitary-tumors/

  Prolactinomas are the most common secreting pituitary adenoma seen clinically. In general, medical therapy is the first course of treatment. With medical management, about 80 percent of patients have prolactin levels restored to normal through dopamine agonist therapy. The most commonly used agents are bromocriptine or cabergoline. The size of the tumor will be reduced in the majority of patients to varying degrees, often resulting in improved vision, resolution of headaches and restored menstruation and fertility in women.

• #21 Pituitary Tumors Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/pituitary/hp/pituitary-treatment-pdq

  Treatment options for thyrotropin-producing tumors include: Surgery (usually a transsphenoidal approach), with or without adjuvant radiation therapy. Somatostatin analogues, such as octreotide. […] Treatment options for nonfunctioning pituitary tumors include: Surgery (preferably with a transsphenoidal approach) followed by close observation with radiation therapy reserved for recurrence. […] Treatment options for pituitary carcinomas include: Surgery. Dopamine agonists, such as bromocriptine, pergolide, quinagolide, and cabergoline, for prolactin (PRL)-producing carcinomas. Somatostatin analogues, such as octreotide, for growth hormone (GH)-producing and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-producing carcinomas. […] Treatment options for recurrent pituitary tumors include: Radiation therapy for postsurgical recurrence, which offers a high likelihood of local control. Reirradiation, which provides long-term local control and control of visual symptoms. Stereotactic radiation surgery (under clinical evaluation).

• #22 Management of Pituitary Tumors: Focus on Carcinomas

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-pituitary-tumors-focus-on-carcinomas

  RT has been utilized as an adjunct to surgical measures, to prevent tumor regrowth, and to slow the spread of expanding tumors and/or metastases. […] Pharmacotherapy involves agents aimed primarily at controlling biochemical hypersecretion and proliferation to reduce hormone production and slow tumor growth. […] Treatments for hormone-level reduction are similar to those employed for pituitary adenomas, although higher doses and combinations of agents are needed. […] Dopamine agonists (DAs) activate postsynaptic dopamine receptors. […] DAs significantly reduce plasma levels of prolactin in patients with physiologically elevated prolactin and in those with hyperprolactinemia. […] SSAs such as octreotide (Sandostatin) and lanreotide (Somatuline) have been used to treat GH-secreting pituitary adenomas, as well as those secreting TSH, ACTH, and prolactin.

• #23 Pituitary Adenomas – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/pituitary-adenomas/

  In general, medical therapy is the first course of treatment. […] With medical management, about 80 percent of patients have prolactin levels restored to normal through dopamine agonist therapy. […] In patients with microadenomas, dopamine agonist therapy is usually attempted first for a period of several months. If the tumors do not respond to medication therapy, then surgery is considered. […] Medications used in the treatment of other functional adenomas include: Ocreotide (Sandostatin), Lanreotide (Somatulin Depot), Cabergoline and/or bromocriptine, Pegvisomant (Somavert).

• #24 Pituitary Tumors Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/pituitary/hp/pituitary-treatment-pdq

  The natural history of GH-secreting and ACTH-secreting pituitary tumors is usually one of slowly progressive enlargement. […] Treatment options for PRL-producing pituitary tumors include: Dopamine agonists, such as cabergoline and bromocriptine. Surgery (second-line). Radiation therapy (occasionally). […] Treatment options for ACTH-producing pituitary tumors include: Surgery (usually a transsphenoidal approach). Surgery plus radiation therapy. Radiation therapy. Steroidogenesis inhibitors, including mitotane, metyrapone, ketoconazole, and aminoglutethimide. […] Treatment options for GH-producing pituitary tumors include: Surgery (usually a transsphenoidal approach). Dopamine analogues, such as bromocriptine. Somatostatin analogues, such as octreotide. The GH-receptor antagonist pegvisomant.

• #25 Pituitary Tumors Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/pituitary/patient/pituitary-treatment-pdq

  After the doctor removes all the cancer that can be seen at the time of the surgery, some patients may be given chemotherapy or radiation therapy after surgery to kill any cancer cells that are left. Treatment given after the surgery, to lower the risk that the cancer will come back, is called adjuvant therapy. […] Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. […] Drugs may be given to stop a functioning pituitary tumor from making too many hormones. […] Chemotherapy may be used as palliative treatment for pituitary carcinomas, to relieve symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life. […] Treatment of pituitary carcinomas is palliative, to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life.

• #26 Aggressive Pituitary Tumors and Treatment | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/pituitary-tumors/aggressive-pituitary-tumors-and-treatment

  Surgery: Repeat surgery through the nose (transsphenoidal) or through the skull (transcranial) may relieve neurologic symptoms. […] Chemotherapy: Several chemotherapies are used in the treatment of aggressive pituitary tumors. The most common chemotherapy is a drug called temozolomide. […] Hormonal therapies: Hormonal therapies are often needed for hormonal over secretion and tumor control. […] Nuclear medicine: Pituitary tumors can be better visualized, and potentially treated, with radiotracers. […] Clinical trials can offer treatment options that are not otherwise available when other treatments haven’t worked. […] Our interdisciplinary care team works together to review your particular tumor and develop the best and most coordinated care plan for treatment depending on your needs.

• #27 Pituitary Carcinoma: Difficult Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3277423/

  Given the rarity of pituitary carcinoma, no randomized studies of systemic chemotherapy have been conducted, and protocols, inclusion or exclusion criteria have varied widely. […] TMZ appears effective in all pituitary carcinoma subtypes and exhibited a tumoral and/or hormonal response in nine of 15 (60%) of treated cases. […] Overall, there remain many unanswered questions regarding the diagnosis and management of pituitary carcinomas.

• #28 Pituitary Tumors Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/pituitary/patient/pituitary-treatment-pdq

  Treatment may include: […] Surgery (transsphenoidal surgery, if possible) to remove the tumor, followed by watchful waiting (closely monitoring a patients condition without giving any treatment until signs or symptoms appear or change). Radiation therapy is given if the tumor comes back. […] Use our clinical trial search to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients.

• #29 Pituitary Tumor: Treatment Choices

  https://healthlibrary.brighamandwomens.org/Search/34,18827-1

  Different types of treatments can be used for pituitary tumors. The one that’s best for you depends on things like: […] You may have questions and concerns about your treatment choices. You may also want to know how you’ll feel, how you’ll look, how your body will look after treatment, and if you’ll have to change your normal activities. […] Pituitary tumors may be treated with: […] If the tumor is not causing any problems, treatment may not even be needed. In this case, watchful waiting or active surveillance is done. This means you are watched closely and have blood or urine tests done regularly to check for tumor growth. Treatment is then started if the tumor begins causing problems. […] Each type of treatment has its own goal: […] The goal of surgery is to remove the whole tumor from the pituitary gland.

• #30 Pituitary Tumors Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Patient Information [NCI] | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=ncicdr0000579645

  Treatment may include: […] Surgery (transsphenoidal surgery, if possible) to remove the tumor, followed by watchful waiting (closely monitoring a patient’s condition without giving any treatment until signs or symptoms appear or change). Radiation therapy is given if the tumor comes back. […] Radiation therapy alone. […] Treatment for luteinizing hormone producing and follicle-stimulating hormone producing tumors is usually transsphenoidal surgery to remove the tumor. […] Treatment may include: […] Drug therapy to stop the tumor from making prolactin and to stop the tumor from growing. […] Surgery to remove the tumor (transsphenoidal surgery or craniotomy) when the tumor does not respond to drug therapy or when the patient cannot take the drug. […] Radiation therapy. […] Surgery followed by radiation therapy.

• #31 Pituitary Tumors Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Patient Information [NCI] | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=ncicdr0000579645

  Treatment may include: […] Surgery (usually transsphenoidal surgery) to remove the tumor, with or without radiation therapy. […] Radiation therapy alone. […] Drug therapy to stop the tumor from making ACTH. […] A clinical trial of stereotactic radiation surgery. […] Treatment may include: […] Surgery (usually transsphenoidal or endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery) to remove the tumor, with or without radiation therapy. […] Drug therapy to stop the tumor from making growth hormone. […] Treatment may include: […] Surgery (usually transsphenoidal surgery) to remove the tumor, with or without radiation therapy. […] Drug therapy to stop the tumor from making hormones. […] Treatment of pituitary carcinomas is palliative, to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life. Treatment may include:

• #32 Pituitary Macroadenomas Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/123223-treatment

  Growth hormone-secreting tumors should be treated surgically, often followed by radiation therapy. That acromegaly can be treated with surgery alone is very unlikely. However, debulking the tumor is very important. Radiation therapy results in 50% reduction in growth hormone levels within 2 years, followed by an additional 25% in the following 2 years. Thereafter, the growth hormone levels decline more slowly. Therefore, the lower the postoperative growth hormone level, the higher the chance of remission after radiation therapy. Medical treatment is used after surgery to suppress growth hormone secretion, awaiting the occurrence of the effects of radiotherapy. Octreotide is the treatment of choice. A long-acting formulation administered monthly is now available. […] Corticotropin-secreting pituitary tumors are treated using surgery and radiation therapy (however, they are rather radioresistant). Medical therapy is reserved for patients whose therapy fails, those who decline other therapy, and those who cannot be treated otherwise. Medical therapy is divided into centrally acting agents that reduce corticotropin release and peripherally acting agents that reduce cortisol secretion or block cortisol action. Centrally acting medications (unfortunately effective in very rare occasions only) include bromocriptine, valproic acid, and cyproheptadine. Peripherally acting agents include ketoconazole, mitotane, and metyrapone. Use of such medications should be in combination with radiotherapy.

• #33 Pituitary Macroadenomas Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/123223-treatment

  Gonadotropin-secreting macroadenomas are treated surgically, followed by radiation. Medical therapy is reserved for those patients who decline definitive treatment. Bromocriptine or octreotide may be used. LH-releasing hormone antagonists may decrease hormone levels but do not affect the tumor size. […] Nonsecretory macroadenomas are treated surgically. If surgery is contraindicated, octreotide or bromocriptine may be tried; however, the results are often disappointing. […] Thyrotropin-secreting tumors are treated surgically, followed by radiation therapy. Octreotide is quite effective in such tumors and can be used as adjuvant therapy. […] Traditional radiotherapy using external beam radiation is used to complement surgery in inoperable cases or in patients declining surgery. The major drawbacks include delayed onset of action and high incidence of panhypopituitarism.

• #34 Medication for Pituitary Tumors | American Cancer Society | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pituitary-tumors/treating/medicines.html

  Surgery is typically the preferred treatment for these tumors, if possible. Medicines are not usually part of treatment for these tumors unless surgery and radiation therapy don’t work or are not good options. […] The main treatment for these rare tumors is typically surgery to try to remove the tumor completely. […] These tumors don’t make excess hormones. Surgery is typically the first treatment for these tumors, which might be followed by radiation if the tumor can’t be removed completely or if it comes back after surgery. […] For functioning tumors (those making excess hormones), many of the same drugs described above can be used (depending on which hormone the tumor makes), although higher doses and/or combinations of drugs might be needed. […] Because these tumors tend to grow quickly, chemotherapy drugs, which attack rapidly growing cells, can sometimes be helpful.

• #35 Pituitary Carcinoma: Difficult Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3277423/

  Although pituitary tumors are common, pituitary carcinoma is very rare and is only diagnosed when pituitary tumor noncontiguous with the sellar region is demonstrated. […] The available data highlight the difficulties in diagnosis and management and practical challenges in conducting clinical trials in this rare condition. They suggest that earlier diagnosis with aggressive multimodal therapy may be advantageous in some cases. […] Although pituitary carcinoma remains difficult to diagnose and treat, recent developments have led to improved outcomes in selected cases. […] This would assist earlier diagnosis and, in combination with targeted therapies, potentially improve long-term survival. […] Pituitary carcinomas are generally associated with a poor prognosis despite administration of maximal multimodal therapies.

• #36 Best Treatment For Pituitary Tumors | Pituitary Tumor Info

  https://www.valleygammaknife.com/treatment-for-pituitary-tumors/

  Gamma Knife is an advanced, non-invasive form of stereotactic radiosurgery that shoots multiple beams of radiation at the precise location of the pituitary tumor. Because it is so precise, there’s less damage to surrounding tissues that could happen with physical surgery or to whole-brain radiation. […] Gamma knife is painless, quick, and effective. Not only does the entirety of the procedure last, on average, an hour and a half, but the majority of patients are also back to their regular activities in one to two days. That’s more time to live your life without a pituitary tumor weighing on your mind (literally)! […] Finding treatment for pituitary tumors doesn’t have to be complicated with options like Gamma Knife on the market. If you sound like Gamma Knife Radiosurgery is the best option for you and your health, please contact us to set up a consultation with one of our highly trained neurosurgeons.

• #37 Pituitary tumor medications: Types, how they work, and side effects

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/pituitary-tumor-medication

  Various medications can treat some benign and cancerous pituitary tumors. Some may work to shrink tumors, while others work to reduce hormones that the tumor produces. […] The right pituitary tumor medication depends on the type of tumor a person has, as well as their health and treatment goals. […] Drugs for prolactinomas are likely effective enough that a doctor does not usually have to perform surgery. […] In most cases, a doctor will recommend a dopamine agonist, such as cabergoline (Dostinex) or bromocriptine (Parlodel). […] These drugs prevent tumors from producing too much prolactin hormone and can help shrink the tumor. […] Somatotroph tumors, which secrete growth hormone, do not respond as well to medication as some other tumors. Instead, doctors usually surgically remove these tumors. If surgery is not possible or cannot fully remove the tumor, a doctor may recommend medication.

• #38 Pituitary Tumor Treatment & Surgery | Pacific Pituitary Disorders Center

  https://www.pacificneuroscienceinstitute.org/pituitary-disorders/treatment/

  Our comprehensive and collaborative team approach allows the best treatment options to be realized. […] We are also on the cutting edge of novel treatments and tumor genetic studies for aggressive, atypical and recurrent pituitary adenomas and related tumors such as craniopharngiomas and clival chordomas.

• #39 Aggressive Pituitary Tumors and Treatment | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/pituitary-tumors/aggressive-pituitary-tumors-and-treatment

  Our multidisciplinary team works together to developed a tailored plan for treating your aggressive pituitary tumor. […] Most pituitary tumors that require treatment can be effectively treated with drugs that regulate hormones, surgery, and radiation. […] Aggressive pituitary tumors are the rare tumors that grow in spite of optimal treatment with surgery and radiation. […] Managing and treating aggressive pituitary tumors requires a highly specialized multidisciplinary team of doctors that includes a neuro-oncologist, radiation oncologist, a nuclear as well as interventional radiologist, neurosurgeon, neuro-ophthalmologist, and neuro-endocrinologist. […] Our team will work to develop a tailored plan for your pituitary cancer, which may include a combination of the following treatments: Radiation therapy: Advanced forms of targeted radiation including intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and proton radiation therapy allow second courses of radiation to be offered with greater safety.

• #40 Pituitary Tumors Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1157189-treatment

  Managing pituitary adenomas requires a multidisciplinary team, ideally comprising specialists in endocrinology, neurosurgery, neuro-ophthalmology, radiation oncology, neuroradiology, neuro-oncology, and neuropathology. Treatment options include medical therapy, surgery, and radiation therapy, with the choice of modality depending on various factors such as tumor type, size, location, and the patients overall health. As a result, treatment is tailored to each patient to achieve the best outcomes. […] Dopamine agonist therapy is the first line of treatment in patients with prolactinoma. Tumor shrinkage, improvement in visual field abnormalities, and resolution of symptoms associated with hyperprolactinemia are achieved in many patients with this treatment. […] Medical treatment is used in patients with persistent or recurrent acromegaly post surgery, or preoperatively in patients who are poor surgical candidates or require improved surgical outcomes.

• #41 Pituitary Tumor Treatment | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/pituitary-tumors/treatment

  Surgery is the primary treatment recommended for most pituitary tumors. And for many people, that’s the only treatment needed. Others, particularly those with prolactinomas, may need medications or radiation therapy. […] At Memorial Sloan Kettering, our goal is to give every person who comes to us for pituitary tumor treatment compassionate, personalized care from a multidisciplinary team of experts. […] Specialists from all areas of pituitary tumor care will design a treatment plan especially for you. Their areas of expertise include surgery, endocrinology, radiation therapy, and quality-of-life issues. […] We offer our surgical patients a complete approach to surgery, including minimally invasive options that can help you recover faster and leave no scarring. […] Our patients have access to new drug treatments through our program of clinical trials. […] We deliver more-effective radiation therapy directly to tumors using the most precise methods available. […] Our experts are among the most experienced in the nation at treating pituitary gland tumors, caring for more than 200 people with pituitary and other skull base tumors each year.

• #42 3 Innovative Pituitary Tumor Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/pituitary-tumors/pituitary-tumor-treatment.html

  To ensure the best chances for successful treatment, you should be cared for by experts who specialize in pituitary tumors and see a high volume of patients. […] Like all surgeries, pituitary tumor surgery is most successful when performed by a surgeon with a great deal of experience in the particular procedure. […] MD Anderson surgeons are among the most skilled and recognized in the world. They perform a large number of pituitary tumor surgeries each year. […] If you are diagnosed with a pituitary tumor, your doctor will discuss the best options to treat it. This depends on several factors, including where the tumor is, how big it is and the specific hormones it affects. […] Your treatment will be personalized to your particular needs. One or more of the following therapies may be recommended to treat the tumor or help relieve symptoms.

• #43 Pituitary Tumor Treatment | Pituitary Adenoma | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/pituitary-tumors

  The goal of surgery is to remove the entire tumor safely while also preserving the function of the pituitary gland and nearby structures, such as the optic nerves. […] We offer the full range of pituitary tumor surgical approaches, and our surgeons have extensive training and experience in the most advanced techniques that help you heal faster. […] After your tumor has been effectively treated — through medication, radiation, or surgery — your care team will continue to monitor your condition with regular MRI scans and hormone tests. Pituitary tumors can sometimes return, although it is rare. If your tumor caused vision problems, your eye specialist will continue to monitor your vision.

• #44 Treatments for pituitary gland tumours | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/pituitary-gland-tumours/treatment

  Drug therapy uses drugs to treat pituitary gland tumours. Drug therapy is commonly used to treat pituitary gland tumours that make too much of certain hormones. It may also be used to return hormone levels to normal. Drug therapy is a systemic therapy that circulates throughout the body. […] Pituitary gland tumours behave differently in each person, and a standard follow-up schedule would not work for everyone. People with a pituitary gland tumour should talk to their doctor about a follow-up plan that suits their individual situation. Follow-up for pituitary gland tumours is often shared among specialists, such as an endocrinologist and a neurosurgeon, and family doctor.

• #45 Pituitary gland tumours – symptoms, diagnosis, treatment | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/brain-tumour/pituitary-gland-tumours

  Radiotherapy uses high-energy x rays to destroy the tumour cells. Radiotherapy may be used for all types of pituitary tumour. […] If a pituitary tumour is not causing symptoms and is found when having tests for another health problem, regular monitoring may be recommended instead of starting treatment straight away. […] Side effects of treatment for a pituitary tumour will depend on the type of pituitary tumour and the treatment used. Some side effects may include: […] If the normal pituitary function is affected by the tumour, surgery or radiotherapy, you may need to take medication to replace the hormones that are normally produced. This is called hormone replacement treatment. […] Treatment of pituitary tumours is usually very successful, although many people will have to take hormone replacements, sometimes for the rest of their lives.

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