Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Ectropion Prevention, Dr. Tresley, Northbrook, IL

  https://www.danieltresleymd.com/preventing-ectropion-tips-for-eye-health-and-care/

  Ectropion is a condition where the lower eyelid turns outward, exposing the inner eyelid surface and leaving the eye vulnerable to damage. […] Preventing ectropion requires a proactive approach to eye health and care. By protecting your eyes, maintaining proper hygiene, staying hydrated, managing allergies, and scheduling regular eye checkups, you can reduce your risk of developing this condition.

• #2 Ectropion Repair Techniques and the Role of Adjunctive Superotemporal Skin Transposition for Tarsal Ectropion

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/14/3/827

  Ectropion is a common eyelid problem and is defined as eversion of the eyelid margin and typically involves the lower eyelid. […] Common techniques for ectropion repair include horizontal tightening of the lid with lateral tarsal strip or Bick procedure, lateral tarsorraphy, inverting sutures and the sub-orbicularis oculi fat lift. However, all surgical techniques are prone to ectropion recurrence. […] The STS is a straightforward and useful adjunct for patients with severe, recurrent or tarsal ectropion. […] The superotemporal skin transposition technique provides stable lid positioning, improved functional outcomes, and a favorable aesthetic result, making it a viable adjunct to conventional surgical options. […] This review highlights the effectiveness of these techniques and introduces an adjunctive superotemporal skin-transposition technique. This procedure is performed with horizontal lid tightening with the option of inverting sutures and offers enhanced lid stability compared to traditional procedures.

• #3 Eyelid Ectropion Surgery Treatment Specialists | Beverly Hills

  https://tabanmd.com/eyelid-malposition-ectropion-entropion/

  Ectropion means the eye fold is turned outwards, away from the eyeball. As with entropion, it occurs in the lower eyelids much more commonly than in the upper eyelids. The droopy lower eyelid causes the eyeball to be more exposed to air with eye irritation, redness and tearing. If severe enough, the cornea can become affected with visual loss. […] The most common cause of eyelid ectropion is age-related relaxation of the eyelids. Other causes include scarring, sunlight, previous surgery, trauma, and facial palsy. […] The treatment for eyelid ectropion is typically reconstructive surgery. The type of surgery needed can depend on the type of ectropion (involutional or age-related, cicatricial or scarring, paralytic, congenital). […] The classical eyelid ectropion repair surgical technique is the tarsal strip method and canthoplasty. Dr. Taban also uses an alternative, minimally invasive approach to tight the lower eyelid, which provides better lid of the eye contour with hidden scars.

• #4 Ectropion in Boise | Idaho Eyelid & Facial Plastic Surgery

  https://www.idahoeyelidandface.com/reconstructive-procedures-boise-idaho/eyelid-laxity/ectropion/

  Ectropion should be addressed, as it causes discomfort and potential complications like abrasions or scratches on the cornea and ulcers on the corneal surface. This can affect vision and can even lead to loss of vision in severe cases. […] There are different treatment options available to treat ectropion depending on the gravity of the case. Our physicians will evaluate and recommend which option is best suited for each patient after a detailed examination. Potential remedies include: […] To learn more about treatment options for ectropion in Boise, contact our office and schedule a consultation with Idaho Eyelid and Facial Plastic Surgery. Our board-certified facial plastic surgeons will ensure that high-quality results are achieved.

• #5 A Clinical Guide to Ectropion

  https://eyesoneyecare.com/resources/clinical-guide-to-ectropion/

  Ectropion can decrease visual acuity and may lead to blindness if left untreated or in chronic and severe cases. […] Untreated ectropion can lead to severe dry eyes, persistent corneal abrasions, corneal ulcers, and eye infections. […] Early detection can play a role in the conservative management of ectropion, which often leads to improved outcomes. […] Ectropion treatment includes lubrication with artificial tears and bland ophthalmic ointment. It is advised to keep the eyes moist at all stages, particularly for mild cases of ectropion. […] As ectropion severity increases, surgical intervention should be considered. […] For long-term management and in cases of severe ectropion, surgical intervention remains the definitive treatment. […] Based on the severity of the ectropion, management can begin with conservative therapy.

• #6 Ectropion in Dermatologic Surgery: Exploration and Reconstruction Techniques | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://actasdermo.org/es-ectropion-in-dermatologic-surgery-exploration-articulo-S1578219020300251

  Ectropion, or eyelid eversion, is the most common form of eyelid malposition. By impairing the eyelids protective function, ectropion can cause epiphora, lagophthalmos, keratinization, chronic irritation, pain, and ulceration. […] Several options exist for the surgical repair of ectropion and choice of technique will depend on the main pathogenic component. We review the basic anatomy of the eyelid and describe examination techniques for assessing risk and preventing ectropion and for identifying the main pathogenic component in order to select the most suitable repair technique. […] Appropriate eyelid examination should be conducted prior to all types of periocular surgery. This will determine the risk of postoperative ectropion and enable compensatory elements to be included when planning the operation.

• #7

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01577946

  Ectropion is the most common serious complication following blepharoplasty for the correction of baggy eyelid deformity. […] The most important single cause for this complication is excessive excision of skin, which can and must be prevented in every case. […] I feel that with the limited resection of skin and a lateral superior tensioning of the skin and relaxed orbicularis muscle underneath ectropion is preventable even in cases of baggy lids in elderly patients. […] The principal causes of this complication, its prevention, and management once it has occurred are discussed in detail in this article.

• #8 Ectropion – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Ectropion

  Ectropion is an outward turning of the eyelid margin. Patients may experience symptoms due to ocular exposure and inadequate lubrication. Definitive management is surgical. Medical management is temporizing but can improve symptoms while waiting for surgery. […] Deferral of surgery should be considered in 2 groups of patients. Ectropion induced by long term use of eye drops such as dorzolamide and brimonidine may resolve with discontinuation, if feasible. Patients suffering from inflammatory skin conditions involving the eyelid may have improvement or reversal of ectropion with improved control of inflammation. […] Definitive management is surgical. Medical management is temporizing but can improve symptoms while awaiting surgery.

• #9 Ectropion – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/ectropion

  Most cases cannot be prevented. […] You may want to use artificial tears or ointments to prevent injury to the cornea, especially if you are waiting for a more permanent treatment.

• #10 Ectropion: Causes, Symptoms, and Complications

  https://www.healthline.com/health/ectropion

  Most of the time, its not possible to prevent the conditions that lead to ectropion. […] However, seeking treatment early can help minimize damage and avoid serious complications.

• #11 Ectropion Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/ectropion

  Most cases cannot be prevented. You may want to use artificial tears or ointments to prevent injury to the cornea, especially if you are waiting for a more permanent treatment.

• #12 Tips for Managing Ectropion Symptoms Before Surgery

  https://www.eyelidmd.com/blog/ectropion-repair/tips-for-managing-ectropion-symptoms-before-surgery/

  A woman with ectropion looking in the mirror at her eyes. This condition can cause discomfort and more serious eye issues if left untreated. Common symptoms include eye irritation, excessive tearing, and sensitivity to light. Ectropion repair surgery is often the most effective solution. However, managing symptoms beforehand is crucial for maintaining eye health and comfort. If you have ectropion, you can take several steps to alleviate discomfort and protect your eyes while awaiting surgery. Artificial tears can help your eyes stay moist and reduce irritation caused by ectropion. Using these drops regularly, especially in dry or windy environments, can relieve dryness and prevent further damage to the eye surface. Protect your eyes from dust, smoke, and other environmental irritants that can exacerbate your symptoms. Wearing sunglasses when outdoors can shield your eyes from the suns rays and reduce exposure to wind and debris. Proper eye hygiene is essential for preventing infections. Gently cleanse your eyelids with a warm, damp cloth to remove any debris or discharge. This simple routine can help minimize the risk of infection, which is a common complication of ectropion. To avoid further irritation during sleep, consider using an eye shield or taping your eyelids closed as your doctor recommends. This can prevent your eyes from drying overnight and reduce corneal damage risk. While managing symptoms is vital, professional treatment is the key to resolving the condition.

• #13 Ectropion Eyelid Surgery

  https://www.danielezra.co.uk/eyelid-orbital/ectropion-surgery

  Ectropion is a condition where the lower eyelid turns outward, exposing the inner eyelid and often leading to irritation. […] Ectropion surgery is the most effective treatment for correcting the outward turning of the eyelid, aiming to restore both its functional role and aesthetic appearance. […] While ectropion cannot always be prevented, particularly when it results from natural ageing or genetic factors, there are measures to reduce the risk: Protect against sun damage. […] Avoid eye trauma. […] Manage skin conditions.

• #14 Ectropion: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/eye-care/swollen-eyelid/ectropion

  It is often not possible to prevent an ectropion but if the ectropion has been caused by a condition that causes scarring of the eyelid or near the eyelid (eg, burn, infection, tumour or injury), then early and effective treatment of the potential cause may help to prevent an ectropion from developing.

• #15 Ectropion – Find a specialist & information

  https://www.leading-medicine-guide.com/en/illness/malformation/ectropion

  To prevent ectropion, you should always have inflammation in the eye area treated at an early stage. Especially if the conjunctiva or eyelid edges are affected. […] Eye therapies such as ointments or gel-like moisturizers and tear substitutes can alleviate the symptoms in the short term. They also prevent complications such as inflammation. However, they do not treat the misalignment itself, only the symptoms.

• #16 A Nightmare In the Aesthetic Surgery Of The Lower Eyelid: Ectropion – New Face New Life

  https://www.yeniyuzyenihayat.com/a-nightmare-in-the-aesthetic-surgery-of-the-lower-eyelid-ectropion

  When evaluating patients for lower eyelid surgery, the aforementioned risk factors should be reviewed. Whats key is not to operate on patients in the risk group. Experienced physicians are better able to discern risky patients and the surgeries to avoid. Negative past experience distracts them from unnecessary self-confidence. In some series, complications in lower eyelid surgery range between 15-30%. This is because most patients have one or more of the aforementioned risk factors. If you only operate on risk-free patients, you will have to reject 8 out of 10 patients. The absence of preoperative risk factors in the remaining 2 patients does not reset the risk of ectropion. […] For the reasons I mentioned above, I analyze the risk factors in each patient and include preventive maneuvers in surgery.

• #17 A Nightmare In the Aesthetic Surgery Of The Lower Eyelid: Ectropion – New Face New Life

  https://www.yeniyuzyenihayat.com/a-nightmare-in-the-aesthetic-surgery-of-the-lower-eyelid-ectropion

  We do not remove more than 4 millimeters of skin in any patient. This size certainly does not exceed 1-2 mm in the inner half of the eyelid. My advice to my younger colleagues goes as follows: Set your patients’ expectations to a realistic level before surgery. It is completely normal and necessary to have some wrinkles on the lower eyelid skin after the operation. Never remove skin excessively, just to satisfy patients’ obsession with tight/wrinkle-free skin. Make sure you tell them that it is „inevitable” for some lower eyelid wrinkles to occur after surgery along with mimic wrinkles. Lower eyelid surgery does not remove mimic or compression wrinkles. Excessive resection may look good on the operating table, but remember that when the patient stands up, the cheek and the entire face will come down by 3-4 mm.

• #18 A Nightmare In the Aesthetic Surgery Of The Lower Eyelid: Ectropion – New Face New Life

  https://www.yeniyuzyenihayat.com/a-nightmare-in-the-aesthetic-surgery-of-the-lower-eyelid-ectropion

  I support the bone structure with implants in patients who have bone support deficiency. […] In cases where muscle strength is insufficient, I shorten the muscle under the eye, tighten it and suspend it upwards. […] We fix the external angle of the eye to the bone in order to support the eyelid in every patient regardless of whether they have a deficiency of connective tissue. […] We reconstruct the external angle of the eye at a higher position on the bone in patients with an insufficient eye tilt. […] In individuals with insufficient cheek support and excessively large under-eye bags, we combine the surgery with procedures such as midface lift or high SMAS face lift, which lift the cheek upwards and support the lower eyelid from below. […] We use microcautery at microsurgical precision to minimize pathological scarring.

• #19 Prevention of Lower Eyelid Ectropion Using Noninsional Suspension Sutures after Blepharoplasty

  https://e-aaps.org/journal/view.php?number=113&viewtype=pubreader

  Blepharoplasty is one of the most common anti-aging operations. Although rare, complications such as ectropion may occur. Thus, we introduced an operative technique to prevent ectropion of the lower lid after blepharoplasty. […] The NISS technique could be an effective method by which to prevent postoperative ectropion in cases with a mild to moderate degree lower lid laxity. […] In patients at risk of developing ectropion postoperatively, we attempted to prevent its occurrence using a nonincisional suspension suture (NISS) technique. We applied this method to patients who were at risk of developing ectropion following lower eyelid blepharoplasty, obtaining satisfactory outcomes. […] To preoperatively screen patients who are expected to develop ectropion or scleral exposure, patients may be preoperatively evaluated for horizontal laxity.

• #20 Prevention of Lower Eyelid Ectropion Using Noninsional Suspension Sutures after Blepharoplasty

  https://e-aaps.org/journal/view.php?number=113&viewtype=pubreader

  The NISS technique that we performed at our medical institution can anatomically strengthen the lateral canthal ligament. Moreover, it is also a simpler method and the surgical time is relatively short (~5 minutes), suggesting that it can be used to prevent the occurrence of the ectropion without resecting the lateral canthal tendon during lower eyelid blepharoplasty. […] The NISS technique is a relatively simple, less time-consuming modality compared with pre-existing procedures. It is also advantageous in minimizing the occurrence of damage and scars in adjacent tissues, thus lowering the incidence of complications after surgery. Thus, we obtained satisfactory outcomes in preventing the occurrence of ectropion during lower eyelid blepharoplasty.

• #21 Ectropion in Dermatologic Surgery: Exploration and Reconstruction Techniques | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://www.actasdermo.org/es-ectropion-in-dermatologic-surgery-exploration-articulo-S1578219020300251

  The Frost suspension suture, described in 1934, aims to bring the lower eyelid to its anatomical position in the immediate postoperative period. […] Repositioning of the central canthus is a key compensatory element that should be associated with any reconstructive procedure in the lower eyelid to help prevent ectropion formation. […] Knowledge of basic eyelid anatomy and adequate preoperative examination will enable the dermatologic surgeon to design the most effective surgical procedures to avoid ectropion, or, if applicable, choose the best type of repair surgery according to the predominant causal component.

• #22 Ectropion in Dermatologic Surgery: Exploration and Reconstruction Techniques | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://www.actasdermo.org/es-ectropion-in-dermatologic-surgery-exploration-articulo-S1578219020300251

  Ectropion, or eyelid eversion, is the most common form of eyelid malposition. […] Several options exist for the surgical repair of ectropion and choice of technique will depend on the main pathogenic component. […] Appropriate eyelid examination should be conducted prior to all types of periocular surgery. This will determine the risk of postoperative ectropion and enable compensatory elements to be included when planning the operation. […] Excessive eyelid laxity is common in elderly individuals, with tumors being the most common underlying cause. Thus, when planning surgery for a tumor in the lower eyelid in patients with excessive eyelid laxity, reduction of the horizontal component or inclusion of corrective techniques should be contemplated, ideally at the same time as surgery, in order to prevent the onset of postoperative ectropion.

• #23 The prevention and treatment of lower lid ectropion following blepharoplasty – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2349302/

  Ectropion and scleral show are the most common complications following lower lid blepharoplasty. […] In some cases, the addition of a wedge tarsectomy or tarsal strip procedure to a blepharoplasty in association with careful technique and postoperative measures is important in prevention of postblepharoplasty ectropion. […] Postoperative ectropion should initially be treated conservatively with massage. This may be effective up to 6 months postoperatively. […] If conservative measures fail, the etiology of the ectropion should be addressed. Laxity of the tarsus and canthal ligaments benefit from a horizontal lid-shortening procedure. Where there is vertical shortening from excessive skin resection or scarring of the orbital septum, there should be release and grafting of the deficiency.

• #24 Ectropion: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/eye-health/ectropion

  Ectropion is a condition when your eyelid begins to turn outward and sag involuntarily. Surgery is often necessary to prevent infection and cornea damage. […] Your doctor can evaluate your situation and suggest how to avoid complications until you receive treatment. For example, eyelid taping and keeping your eyes clean with medicated eye drops can help prevent infection. Wearing glasses instead of contact lenses may also prevent additional irritation and act as a protective barrier. […] A doctor will conduct an exam to assess the cause of ectropion before determining a treatment plan. Surgery is often the treatment of choice for ectropion. Your doctor may suggest eye taping or soothing eye drops to lessen symptoms before surgery.

• #25 Cicatricial Ectropion – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Cicatricial_Ectropion

  The time taken by scar to mature and regain 70-80 % tensile strength is 6 12 months. Adjunct treatments during this period help in scar maturation and prevents the formation of hypertrophic scar. Immature scars are prone to hypertrophy and give poor results after scar revision. If used in the early post-traumatic period, certain agents may minimize ugly scar formation and cosmetically acceptable outcomes in the long run. These adjunct treatments include scar massage, silicone gel, intra-lesional injection of steroids, and antimetabolites. […] Scar massage hastens wound healing, decreases itching, redness, and pain associated with an immature scar, and shortens the time required for scar maturation. Massage causes mechanical disruption of fibroblast fibers, increasing the pliability of the wound, leading to a softer scar. Scar massage should be started as soon as possible and should be continued 23 times a day till 68 weeks after the trauma or surgery.

• #26 Cicatricial Ectropion – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Cicatricial_Ectropion

  Pressure therapy is the standard of care for burn scars worldwide. Compression of the scar is believed to aggravate the hypoxic condition of the scar tissue. Thus, increasing degeneration of fibroblasts and collagen as well as a decrease in the collagen synthesis. […] Silicone gel provides a hydrating environment for the epidermal layer, decreases capillary activity, vascularity, and the metabolism of the scar tissue, resulting in reduced collagen deposition. Silicone gel can be applied in the form of silicone gel sheets or in the form of topical silicone gel. […] Intra-lesional steroid injections inhibit keratinocyte proliferation, inflammatory compounds and have an anti-angiogenic effect. The dose and regimens vary between 1 to 40 mg/ml at 26 weeks intervals. The success rate is 40% and 100% for keloids.

• #27 Cicatricial Ectropion – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Cicatricial_Ectropion

  HA injections act as temporary volumizers and are only a short-term treatment option for eyelid ectropion. Mechanical stretching caused by HA injections is believed to induce fibroblasts to produce new collagen. HA injections correct the eyelid ectropion by dually lifting the eyelid back into a neutral position and by mechanically expanding the lid tissue to promote neo-collagen genesis.

• #28 Ectropion: Classification, Diagnosis, and Management | Consultant360

  https://www.consultant360.com/articles/ectropion-classification-diagnosis-and-management

  To prevent lasting damage or further irritation, it is important that any eyelid abnormalities, specifically ectropion, be addressed as soon as possible. […] Treatment depends on the type of ectropion. When it is mild, congenital ectropion is managed conservatively with lubrication in the form of artificial tears and ointments. […] Mild cases of involutional ectropion also can be treated initially with lubrication. […] The treatment of paralytic ectropion depends on the duration of the paralysis. […] Cicatricial ectropion is first treated by addressing any underlying dermatologic condition. […] Mechanical ectropion is treated by excising the offending mass or correcting the factors contributing to the mechanical pulling away of the eyelid from the globe.

• #29 Ectropion in Dogs: What Breeds Are at Risk, and What Are the Signs? | PetMD

  https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/eyes/ectropion-in-dogs

  Most cases of ectropion in dogs are genetic. If dogs have severe enough ectropion that they need surgery, they should not be bred. […] If your dog has ectropion, make sure your dogs eyes stay well-lubricated. […] Contact your vet if youre noticing: Redness of the eye or conjunctiva, Excessive squinting or blinking, Discharge from the eye, Pawing at the eye, Pigmentation developing on the outer surface of the eye.

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