Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Typhus: Fever, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/typhus

  Symptoms of typhus include high fever, chills, body aches, headache, rash, cough, vomiting, stomach pain, confusion and more. […] Symptoms of typhus start a few days to two weeks after a flea, louse or chigger bite. Many people dont recall being bitten. […] Symptoms of typhus can include: High fever (over 104 degrees Fahrenheit/40 degrees Celsius) that can last several days or weeks. […] Symptoms are slightly different depending on the type of typhus. Not everyone experiences every symptom. […] Left untreated, typhus can lead to multiple complications, including: Blood clots. Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly). Facial paralysis. Gangrene. Hearing loss. Meningitis. Myocarditis. Optic neuritis. Pleural effusion. Pneumonia. Respiratory failure. […] If you get typhus in the early stages of pregnancy, you have a higher risk of miscarriage, preterm birth and low birth weight.

• #1 Typhus Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231374-clinical

  Patients with epidemic typhus may have a history that includes the following: […] Abrupt onset of fever, headache, and rash are common symptoms in rickettsial infections. […] The duration of most clinical symptoms and signs in untreated typhus is approximately 2 weeks. Several months may pass before complete recovery from fatigue and malaise. […] Fever is characterized by abrupt onset. […] Headache is characterized by abrupt onset and is unremitting. […] A maculopapular/petechial rash occurs on days 4-7 and may begin on the axilla and trunk and spread peripherally. […] Other symptoms may include rigors, myalgias, malaise, and CNS symptoms (ranging from mental dullness to coma). […] Fever rises to 39-41C and is persistent in patients with untreated typhus. […] Patients with typhus have relative bradycardia with the fever.

• #1 About Epidemic Typhus | Typhus Fevers | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/about/epidemic.html

  Symptoms of epidemic typhus include fever, headache, rash, and confusion. […] Symptoms usually begin within two weeks after exposure to infected lice. […] Symptoms of epidemic typhus begin within 2 weeks after contact with infected body lice. Signs and symptoms may include: Fever and chills, Headache, Rapid breathing, Body and muscle aches, Rash, Cough, Nausea, Vomiting, Confusion. […] The symptoms of Brill-Zinsser disease are similar to the original infection, but are usually milder than the initial illness. […] Antibiotics are most effective when given soon after symptoms begin. People who are treated early with doxycycline usually recover quickly.

• #1 Typhus Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/typhus

  Symptoms of murine or endemic typhus may include: Abdominal pain, Backache, Dull red rash that begins on the middle of the body and spreads, Fever, can be extremely high, 105°F to 106°F (40.6°C to 41.1°C) and can last up to 2 weeks, Hacking, dry cough, Headache, Joint and muscle pain, Nausea and vomiting. […] Symptoms of epidemic typhus may include: High fever, chills, Confusion, decreased alertness, delirium, Cough, Severe muscle and joint pain, Lights that appear very bright; light may hurt the eyes (photophobia), Low blood pressure, Rash that begins on the chest and spreads to the rest of the body (except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet), Severe headache. […] The early rash is a light rose color and fades when you press on it. Later, the rash becomes dull and red and does not fade. People with severe typhus may also develop small areas of bleeding into the skin.

• #1 Typhus | Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, & Facts | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/typhus

  typhus, series of acute infectious diseases that appear with a sudden onset of headache, chills, fever, and general pains, proceed on the third to fifth day with a rash and toxemia (toxic substances in the blood), and terminate after two to three weeks. […] About 10 days after being bitten, an infected person experiences headache, loss of appetite, malaise, and a rapid rise in temperature with fever, chills, marked prostration, and nausea. Four to six days after onset, a characteristic rash appears over most of the body; the sick person is flushed, and the eyes are bleary. The temperature reaches a maximum range by the end of the first week and is sustained until about the 12th day, when it generally falls rather rapidly, becoming normal in an uncomplicated course about the 14th to 16th day. Depression and weakness may be protracted during the recovery, and the patients convalescence is slow. If the disease is untreated, circulation becomes sluggish and there may be spots of gangrene on the fingers, genitals, nose, and ears. Signs of pneumonia or kidney failure are common. Prostration is progressive, and delirium and coma follow; cardiac failure may be the immediate cause of death. Tetracycline and chloramphenicol have a dramatic curative effect, however, and, if treated early enough, few die. The disease can be diagnosed clinically during epidemics and by laboratory tests.

• #1 Epidemic Typhus – Infectious Diseases – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/rickettsiae-and-related-organisms/epidemic-typhus

  Epidemic typhus is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii. Symptoms are prolonged high fever, intractable headache, and a maculopapular rash. […] After an incubation period of 7 to 14 days, fever, headache, and prostration suddenly occur. Temperature reaches 40 C in several days and remains high, with slight morning remission, for about 2 weeks. Headache is generalized and intense. Small, pink macules, which appear on the fourth to sixth day, rapidly cover the body, usually in the axillae and on the upper trunk and not on the palms, soles, and face. Later, the rash becomes dark and maculopapular. In severe cases, the rash becomes petechial and hemorrhagic. […] Splenomegaly sometimes occurs. Hypotension occurs in most seriously ill patients. Vascular collapse, renal insufficiency, encephalitic signs, ecchymosis with gangrene, and pneumonia are poor prognostic signs.

• #1 Typhus Fevers, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/what_does_typhus_do_to_the_body/ask.htm

  Symptoms of endemic typhus develop within about one to two weeks after the initial infection and may include a high fever (about 105 F), headache, malaise, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. A petechial rash on the chest and abdomen typically begins about 4-7 days after the initial symptoms above develop, and the rash often spreads. […] However, epidemic typhus symptoms, although initially similar to endemic typhus, become more severe. The rash may cover the entire body except for the palms of the hands and the bottoms of the feet. Patients may develop additional symptoms of bleeding into the skin (petechiae), delirium, stupor, hypotension, and shock, which can be life-threatening.

• #1 Severe scrub typhus infection: Clinical features, diagnostic challenges and management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4524821/

  Scrub typhus infection is an important cause of acute undifferentiated fever in South East Asia. The clinical picture is characterized by sudden onset fever with chills and non-specific symptoms that include headache, myalgia, sweating and vomiting. The presence of an eschar, in about half the patients with proven scrub typhus infection and usually seen in the axilla, groin or inguinal region, is characteristic of scrub typhus. Common laboratory findings are elevated liver transaminases, thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis. About a third of patients admitted to hospital with scrub typhus infection have evidence of organ dysfunction that may include respiratory failure, circulatory shock, mild renal or hepatic dysfunction, central nervous system involvement or hematological abnormalities. […] The clinical picture is characterized by sudden onset fever with chills, headache, backache and myalgia, profuse sweating, vomiting and enlarged lymph nodes. In some patients, an eschar may develop at the site of chigger feeding, usually at sites where the skin surfaces meet, such as axilla, groin and inguinal areas.

• #1 Typhus Symptoms, Doctors, Treatments, Advances & More | MediFind

  https://www.medifind.com/conditions/typhus/5321

  Typhus is a bacterial disease spread by lice or fleas. […] Symptoms of murine or endemic typhus may include: Abdominal pain, Backache, Dull red rash that begins on the middle of the body and spreads, Fever, can be extremely high, 105°F to 106°F (40.6°C to 41.1°C) and can last up to 2 weeks, Hacking, dry cough, Headache, Joint and muscle pain, Nausea and vomiting. […] Symptoms of epidemic typhus may include: High fever, chills, Confusion, decreased alertness, delirium, Cough, Severe muscle and joint pain, Lights that appear very bright; light may hurt the eyes (photophobia), Low blood pressure, Rash that begins on the chest and spreads to the rest of the body (except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet), Severe headache. […] The early rash is a light rose color and fades when you press on it. Later, the rash becomes dull and red and does not fade. People with severe typhus may also develop small areas of bleeding into the skin.

• #1 Typhus: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/typhus

  The incubation period for the disease is five to 14 days, on average. This means that symptoms won’t usually appear for up to five to 14 days after you are bitten. Travelers who get typhus while traveling abroad may not experience symptoms until they are back home. This is why it is important to tell your doctor about any recent trips if you have any of the above symptoms. […] Early treatment with antibiotics is very effective, and relapses aren’t common if you take the full course of antibiotics. Delayed treatment and misdiagnosis can lead to a more severe case of typhus. […] The overall mortality rate for untreated typhus depends on the type of typhus and other factors, such as age and overall health status. […] Mortality for epidemic typhus that goes untreated can range from 10 to 60 percent, and mortality from untreated scrub typhus can range up to 30 percent. […] Endemic/murine typhus is rarely deadly, even without treatment. Death occurs in no more than 4 percent of cases, according to an article in Clinical Infectious Diseases.

• #1 Murine (Endemic) Typhus – Infectious Diseases – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/rickettsiae-and-related-organisms/murine-endemic-typhus

  Murine typhus is clinically similar to but milder than epidemic typhus, causing chills, headache, fever, and rash. […] After an incubation of 6 to 18 days (mean 10 days), a shaking chill accompanies headache and fever in patients with murine typhus. The fever lasts about 12 days; then temperature gradually returns to normal. […] The rash and other manifestations are similar to those of epidemic typhus but are much less severe. The early rash is sparse and discrete. […] Symptoms begin with a shaking chill, headache, and fever; the rash and other manifestations are similar to those of epidemic typhus but are much less severe.

• #1 Scrub Typhus – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/rickettsiae-and-related-organisms/scrub-typhus

  Scrub typhus is a mite-borne disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Symptoms are fever, a primary lesion, a macular rash, and lymphadenopathy. […] After an incubation period of 6 to 21 days (mean 10 to 12 days), symptoms of scrub typhus start suddenly and include fever, chills, headache, and generalized lymphadenopathy. At onset of fever, an eschar often develops at the site of the chigger bite. The typical lesion of scrub typhus begins as a red, indurated lesion about 1 cm in diameter; it eventually vesiculates, ruptures, and becomes covered with a black scab. Fever rises during the first week, often to 40 to 40.5 C. Headache is severe and common, as is conjunctival injection. A macular rash develops on the trunk during the 5th to 8th day of fever, often extending to the arms and legs. In severe cases, pulse rate increases; blood pressure drops; and delirium, stupor, and muscular twitching develop.

• #1 Typhus – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/typhus/

  Neurological symptoms (e.g., confusion, coma, seizures) and/or vasculitis in advanced untreated disease. […] Fever, severe headache, myalgias, arthralgia, cough. […] Maculopapular rash spreading from trunk to extremities. […] Eschar at site of mite attachment may be observed. […] Lymphadenopathy. […] Altered mental status. […] Relative bradycardia despite fever. […] Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome in severe cases.

• #1 Severe scrub typhus infection: Clinical features, diagnostic challenges and management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4524821/

  Five to eight days after the onset of fever, a macular or maculopapular rash may appear on the trunk and later extend to the arms and the legs in a small proportion of patients. Complications of scrub typhus infection include pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) like picture, myocarditis, encephalitis, hepatitis, DIC, hemophagocytic syndrome, acute kidney injury, acute pancreatitis, transient adrenal insufficiency, subacute painful thyroiditis and presentation as an acute abdomen. […] Multi-organ dysfunction is not uncommon in severe scrub typhus infection. In a recently published study of 116 patients admitted to an intensive care unit with severe scrub typhus infection, the admission Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was 19.6 8.2. Ninety-one patients in this cohort had dysfunction of 3 or more organs and 16 patients (15%) had evidence of dysfunction of all six organs. Respiratory dysfunction was predominant (96.6%) with ventilatory support required in 87.9%. Cardiovascular dysfunction was present in 61.7% and hepatic dysfunction in 63.8%. Thirteen patients (11.2%) were dialyzed. Hospital mortality in this ICU cohort was 24.1%.

• #1 Typhus

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/ID/Bacteria/Typhs.htm

  Presents with flu-like illness 7-10 days (up to 21 days) after Chigger Bite. High fever. Headache. Malaise. Myalgias. Black eschar variably develops at the bite site. Macular rash in 50% of patients (may be associated with eschar). Regional Lymphadenopathy may be present. Neurologic findings include Encephalitis, encephalomyelitis or Meningitis. Tinnitus and Hearing Loss (or Deafness) may occur. Cranial Nerve palsy. Vascular Findings include Disseminated Vasculitis and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). Thrombotic complications. Labs show Thrombocytopenia in most patients. Prognosis untreated mortality may be as high as 4 to 40%. Low mortality with prompt treatment.

• #1 Typhus Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231374-clinical

  Fever may persist for 24-72 hours after initiation of antibiotic therapy. […] The macular, maculopapular, or petechial rash initially occurs on the trunk and axilla and spreads to involve the rest of the body except for the face, palms, and soles. […] Rash may be petechial in patients with epidemic or murine typhus. […] Generalized lymphadenopathy may occur. […] This is found in the scrub form of typhus and is essential in confirming a clinical diagnosis. It occurs in up to 60% of cases. […] Eschar occurs at the site of the arthropod bite. It starts as a painless papule, and the lesion becomes indurated and enlarged. The center of the lesion becomes necrotic and develops into a black scab. […] Signs, symptoms, and potential complications of typhus are due to hematogenous spread of organisms with resultant endothelial proliferation and vasculitis. […] The central nervous, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular systems may be involved, as well as the skin, lungs, and kidneys. Multiorgan system involvement is possible.

• #1 Scrub Typhus – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/rickettsiae-and-related-organisms/scrub-typhus

  In untreated patients, high fever may persist 2 weeks, then falls gradually over several days. With therapy, defervescence usually begins within 36 hours. Recovery is prompt and uneventful. […] Fever (often accompanied by an eschar at the bite site), chills, severe headache, and generalized lymphadenopathy start suddenly; a rash develops and spreads.

• #1 Typhus | Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, & Facts | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/typhus

  A delayed complication of epidemic typhus is Brill-Zinsser disease, or recrudescent typhus, in which mild symptoms of epidemic louse-borne typhus reappear after a latent period, sometimes of many years, in persons who at one time had contracted epidemic typhus. If treated early with chloramphenicol or a tetracycline drug, most patients with Brill-Zinsser disease recover.

• #1 Epidemic Typhus – Infectious Diseases – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/rickettsiae-and-related-organisms/epidemic-typhus

  Brill-Zinsser disease, a mild recrudescence of epidemic typhus, can occur years after the initial infection if host defenses falter. […] Small, pink macules rapidly cover the body, later, becoming dark and maculopapular. […] Mortality increases with age; vascular collapse, renal insufficiency, encephalitic signs, ecchymosis with gangrene, and pneumonia are poor prognostic signs. […] Symptoms and signs of Brill-Zinsser disease are almost always mild and resemble those of epidemic typhus, with similar circulatory disturbances and hepatic, renal, and central nervous system changes. The remittent febrile course lasts about 7 to 10 days. The rash is often evanescent or absent. Mortality is nil.

• #1 Typhus: Fever, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/typhus

  If you have typhus, expect to take antibiotics for three days to two weeks, depending on the type. […] When treated early with antibiotics, all types of typhus have a good prognosis (outlook). Murine typhus is rarely fatal. Mortality (death) rates for other types of typhus vary. But experts estimate around 10% to 30% of people die of epidemic and scrub typhus if left untreated.

• #1 Typhus Fevers Explained

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/typhus-5080159

  Symptoms of louse typhus include: Chills, Muscle aches, Cough, Fatigue, Headaches, High fever, Joint pain, Abdominal tenderness, Skin rash that spreads from the back to the rest of the body, Vomiting, Sensitivity to light. […] More serious symptoms can occur in severe cases of the infection including: Mental confusion, Rapid breathing, Kidney failure, Brain inflammation that could lead to death. […] The mortality (death) rate for those infected with louse typhus can be over 60% when the infection isn’t treated and under 5% when it’s treated with antibiotics. […] Murine typhus symptoms are usually mild, and mortality is low when antibiotics are given in a timely manner. […] Symptoms include: Body aches and pain, Cough, Fever and chills, Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, loss of appetite, stomach pain, and vomiting, Rash.

• #1 Typhus

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/typhus/

  Symptoms of typhus include: a high temperature, headache, a rash, which may be harder to see on black or brown skin, feeling sick or being sick, feeling generally unwell. […] It’s important to get diagnosed early so treatment can be started as soon as possible. If typhus is not treated quickly, it can sometimes be life-threatening. […] Most people start to feel better within 48 hours of starting treatment.

• #1 Typhus: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327505

  As long as a person receives prompt antibiotic treatment, typhus is not typically life threatening. However, without such treatment, typhus can still be deadly. […] People should see a doctor if they experience any of the symptoms of typhus and have one or more risk factors for acquiring the infection. It is crucial to tell a doctor about all symptoms and possible risk factors.

• #2 Typhus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhus

  Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure. […] Signs and symptoms begin with sudden onset of fever and other flu-like symptoms about one to two weeks after being infected. Five to nine days after the symptoms have started, a rash typically begins on the trunk and spreads to the extremities. This rash eventually spreads over most of the body, sparing the face, palms, and soles. Signs of meningoencephalitis begin with the rash and continue into the second or third weeks. Other signs of meningoencephalitis include sensitivity to light (photophobia), altered mental status (delirium), or coma. Untreated cases are often fatal. […] Signs and symptoms of scrub typhus usually start within 1 to 2 weeks after being infected. These symptoms include fever, headaches, chills, swollen lymph nodes, nausea/vomiting, and a rash at the site of infection called an eschar. More severe symptoms may damage the lungs, brain, kidney, meninges, and heart.

• #2 About Epidemic Typhus | Typhus Fevers | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/about/epidemic.html

  Symptoms of epidemic typhus include fever, headache, rash, and confusion. […] Symptoms usually begin within two weeks after exposure to infected lice. […] Symptoms of epidemic typhus begin within 2 weeks after contact with infected body lice. Signs and symptoms may include: Fever and chills, Headache, Rapid breathing, Body and muscle aches, Rash, Cough, Nausea, Vomiting, Confusion. […] The symptoms of Brill-Zinsser disease are similar to the original infection, but are usually milder than the initial illness. […] Antibiotics are most effective when given soon after symptoms begin. People who are treated early with doxycycline usually recover quickly.

• #2 Typhus Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/typhus

  Symptoms of murine or endemic typhus may include: Abdominal pain, Backache, Dull red rash that begins on the middle of the body and spreads, Fever, can be extremely high, 105°F to 106°F (40.6°C to 41.1°C) and can last up to 2 weeks, Hacking, dry cough, Headache, Joint and muscle pain, Nausea and vomiting. […] Symptoms of epidemic typhus may include: High fever, chills, Confusion, decreased alertness, delirium, Cough, Severe muscle and joint pain, Lights that appear very bright; light may hurt the eyes (photophobia), Low blood pressure, Rash that begins on the chest and spreads to the rest of the body (except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet), Severe headache. […] The early rash is a light rose color and fades when you press on it. Later, the rash becomes dull and red and does not fade. People with severe typhus may also develop small areas of bleeding into the skin.

• #2 Typhus: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/typhus

  Symptoms vary slightly by the type of typhus, but there are symptoms that are associated with all three types of typhus, such as: headache, fever, chills, rash. […] Symptoms of epidemic typhus usually appear suddenly and include: severe headache, high fever (above 102.2F), rash that begins on the back or chest and spreads, confusion, stupor and seeming out of touch with reality, low blood pressure (hypotension), eye sensitivity to bright lights, severe muscle pain. […] The symptoms of endemic typhus last for 10 to 12 days and are very similar to the symptoms of epidemic typhus but are usually less severe. They include: dry cough, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea. […] Symptoms seen in people with scrub typhus include: swollen lymph nodes, tiredness, red lesion or sore on the skin at the site of the bite, cough, rash.

• #2 Typhus Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231374-clinical

  Patients with epidemic typhus may have a history that includes the following: […] Abrupt onset of fever, headache, and rash are common symptoms in rickettsial infections. […] The duration of most clinical symptoms and signs in untreated typhus is approximately 2 weeks. Several months may pass before complete recovery from fatigue and malaise. […] Fever is characterized by abrupt onset. […] Headache is characterized by abrupt onset and is unremitting. […] A maculopapular/petechial rash occurs on days 4-7 and may begin on the axilla and trunk and spread peripherally. […] Other symptoms may include rigors, myalgias, malaise, and CNS symptoms (ranging from mental dullness to coma). […] Fever rises to 39-41C and is persistent in patients with untreated typhus. […] Patients with typhus have relative bradycardia with the fever.

• #2 Typhus Fevers, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/what_does_typhus_do_to_the_body/ask.htm

  Symptoms of endemic typhus develop within about one to two weeks after the initial infection and may include a high fever (about 105 F), headache, malaise, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. A petechial rash on the chest and abdomen typically begins about 4-7 days after the initial symptoms above develop, and the rash often spreads. […] However, epidemic typhus symptoms, although initially similar to endemic typhus, become more severe. The rash may cover the entire body except for the palms of the hands and the bottoms of the feet. Patients may develop additional symptoms of bleeding into the skin (petechiae), delirium, stupor, hypotension, and shock, which can be life-threatening.

• #2 Typhus Symptoms, Doctors, Treatments, Advances & More | MediFind

  https://www.medifind.com/conditions/typhus/5321

  Typhus is a bacterial disease spread by lice or fleas. […] Symptoms of murine or endemic typhus may include: Abdominal pain, Backache, Dull red rash that begins on the middle of the body and spreads, Fever, can be extremely high, 105°F to 106°F (40.6°C to 41.1°C) and can last up to 2 weeks, Hacking, dry cough, Headache, Joint and muscle pain, Nausea and vomiting. […] Symptoms of epidemic typhus may include: High fever, chills, Confusion, decreased alertness, delirium, Cough, Severe muscle and joint pain, Lights that appear very bright; light may hurt the eyes (photophobia), Low blood pressure, Rash that begins on the chest and spreads to the rest of the body (except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet), Severe headache. […] The early rash is a light rose color and fades when you press on it. Later, the rash becomes dull and red and does not fade. People with severe typhus may also develop small areas of bleeding into the skin.

• #2 Scrub Typhus – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/rickettsiae-and-related-organisms/scrub-typhus

  Scrub typhus is a mite-borne disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Symptoms are fever, a primary lesion, a macular rash, and lymphadenopathy. […] After an incubation period of 6 to 21 days (mean 10 to 12 days), symptoms of scrub typhus start suddenly and include fever, chills, headache, and generalized lymphadenopathy. At onset of fever, an eschar often develops at the site of the chigger bite. The typical lesion of scrub typhus begins as a red, indurated lesion about 1 cm in diameter; it eventually vesiculates, ruptures, and becomes covered with a black scab. Fever rises during the first week, often to 40 to 40.5 C. Headache is severe and common, as is conjunctival injection. A macular rash develops on the trunk during the 5th to 8th day of fever, often extending to the arms and legs. In severe cases, pulse rate increases; blood pressure drops; and delirium, stupor, and muscular twitching develop.

• #2 Department of Agriculture | Typhus Fever – Rickettsia prowazekii

  https://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/ah/diseases/typhus.html

  Epidemic typhus results from infection by Rickettsia prowazekii, a Gram negative, obligate intracellular bacterium. […] The onset of epidemic typhus is often sudden. The initial symptoms may include headache, chills, fever, prostration and myalgia. In approximately 50% of cases, a rash develops after 4 to 6 days. Small pink macules usually appear first on the upper trunk or axillae then spread to the entire body with the exception of the face, palms and soles. As the disease progresses, the rash usually becomes dark and maculopapular or, in severe cases, petechial and hemorrhagic. Splenomegaly, hypotension, nausea, vomiting and confusion may also be seen. The fever lasts approximately 2 weeks. In seriously ill patients, vascular collapse, renal insufficiency, ecchymosis with gangrene, and symptoms of encephalitis or pneumonia may occur. Children and people with partial immunity can have a mild infection with no rash.

• #2 Typhus Fevers Explained

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/typhus-5080159

  Symptoms of louse typhus include: Chills, Muscle aches, Cough, Fatigue, Headaches, High fever, Joint pain, Abdominal tenderness, Skin rash that spreads from the back to the rest of the body, Vomiting, Sensitivity to light. […] More serious symptoms can occur in severe cases of the infection including: Mental confusion, Rapid breathing, Kidney failure, Brain inflammation that could lead to death. […] The mortality (death) rate for those infected with louse typhus can be over 60% when the infection isn’t treated and under 5% when it’s treated with antibiotics. […] Murine typhus symptoms are usually mild, and mortality is low when antibiotics are given in a timely manner. […] Symptoms include: Body aches and pain, Cough, Fever and chills, Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, loss of appetite, stomach pain, and vomiting, Rash.

• #2 Typhus Symptoms, Doctors, Treatments, Advances & More | MediFind

  https://www.medifind.com/conditions/typhus/5321

  People with epidemic typhus who receive treatment quickly should completely recover. Without treatment, death can occur, with those over age 60 having the highest risk of death. Only a small number of untreated people with murine typhus may die. Prompt antibiotic treatment will cure nearly all people with murine typhus.

• #2 Severe scrub typhus infection: Clinical features, diagnostic challenges and management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4524821/

  Five to eight days after the onset of fever, a macular or maculopapular rash may appear on the trunk and later extend to the arms and the legs in a small proportion of patients. Complications of scrub typhus infection include pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) like picture, myocarditis, encephalitis, hepatitis, DIC, hemophagocytic syndrome, acute kidney injury, acute pancreatitis, transient adrenal insufficiency, subacute painful thyroiditis and presentation as an acute abdomen. […] Multi-organ dysfunction is not uncommon in severe scrub typhus infection. In a recently published study of 116 patients admitted to an intensive care unit with severe scrub typhus infection, the admission Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was 19.6 8.2. Ninety-one patients in this cohort had dysfunction of 3 or more organs and 16 patients (15%) had evidence of dysfunction of all six organs. Respiratory dysfunction was predominant (96.6%) with ventilatory support required in 87.9%. Cardiovascular dysfunction was present in 61.7% and hepatic dysfunction in 63.8%. Thirteen patients (11.2%) were dialyzed. Hospital mortality in this ICU cohort was 24.1%.

• #2 Typhus: Fever, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/typhus

  If you have typhus, expect to take antibiotics for three days to two weeks, depending on the type. […] When treated early with antibiotics, all types of typhus have a good prognosis (outlook). Murine typhus is rarely fatal. Mortality (death) rates for other types of typhus vary. But experts estimate around 10% to 30% of people die of epidemic and scrub typhus if left untreated.

• #2 Typhus Fevers Explained

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/typhus-5080159

  In very rare cases, when the bacteria invade organs such as the heart, brain, kidney, liver, or lungs, it can leave lasting damage. The infection has been known to lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, a serious lung condition that can lead to oxygen deficiency, and possibly death. […] Other severe complications that can occur in a case of murine typhus include: Inflammation of membranes surrounding the brain, Dangerous drops in blood pressure, Gall bladder inflammation, Inflammation of the pancreas, Muscle inflammation, Muscle tissue deterioration.

• #2 Epidemic typhus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemic_typhus

  Symptoms of this disease typically begin within 2 weeks of contact with the causative organism. Signs/Symptoms may include: Fever, Chills, Headache, Confusion, Cough, Rapid Breathing, Body/Muscle Aches, Rash, Nausea, Vomiting. […] After 56 days, a macular skin eruption develops: first on the upper trunk and spreading to the rest of the body (rarely to the face, palms, or soles of the feet, however). […] Untreated typhus cases have a fatality rate of approximately 40%. […] BrillZinsser disease, first described by Nathan Brill in 1913 at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, is a mild form of epidemic typhus that recurs in someone after a long period of latency (similar to the relationship between chickenpox and shingles). This recurrence often arises in times of relative immunosuppression, which is often in the context of a person suffering malnutrition or other illnesses. In combination with poor sanitation and hygiene in times of social chaos and upheaval, which enable a greater density of lice, this reactivation is why typhus generates epidemics in such conditions.

• #2 Typhus: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/typhus

  The incubation period for the disease is five to 14 days, on average. This means that symptoms won’t usually appear for up to five to 14 days after you are bitten. Travelers who get typhus while traveling abroad may not experience symptoms until they are back home. This is why it is important to tell your doctor about any recent trips if you have any of the above symptoms. […] Early treatment with antibiotics is very effective, and relapses aren’t common if you take the full course of antibiotics. Delayed treatment and misdiagnosis can lead to a more severe case of typhus. […] The overall mortality rate for untreated typhus depends on the type of typhus and other factors, such as age and overall health status. […] Mortality for epidemic typhus that goes untreated can range from 10 to 60 percent, and mortality from untreated scrub typhus can range up to 30 percent. […] Endemic/murine typhus is rarely deadly, even without treatment. Death occurs in no more than 4 percent of cases, according to an article in Clinical Infectious Diseases.

• #2 Typhus

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/typhus/

  Symptoms of typhus include: a high temperature, headache, a rash, which may be harder to see on black or brown skin, feeling sick or being sick, feeling generally unwell. […] It’s important to get diagnosed early so treatment can be started as soon as possible. If typhus is not treated quickly, it can sometimes be life-threatening. […] Most people start to feel better within 48 hours of starting treatment.

• #3 Typhus: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327505

  In most cases, symptoms begin within 1 to 2 weeks of exposure to an infected insect. This can make it difficult to trace the original cause of the infection. […] The symptoms of typhus include: headache, cough, nausea and vomiting, skin rash, flu-like symptoms, such as fever, chills, and muscle aches, confusion, rapid breathing. […] Different types of typhus also cause specific symptoms. People who have scrub typhus may notice a dark scab or bite on the skin and may develop swollen lymph nodes. People with murine typhus may experience a loss of appetite. […] In some people, especially those with weak immune systems, the symptoms of typhus reappear months or even years following the initial infection. Doctors call this Brill-Zinsser disease. A person who has symptoms of typhus after a previous infection should notify their doctor.

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