Materiały źródłowe

• #1 The global prevalence of essential tremor, with emphasis on age and sex: A meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8035980/

  Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common neurological disorders that impairs quality of life and leads to disability and social handicap. It was estimated that approximate 0.9% of people worldwide were affected by ET. […] The prevalence of ET increased dramatically with advancing age, where the prevalence estimate in people aged under 20 years was 0.04% (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.00-0.29) and that in elderly aged 80 years and above was 2.87% (95% CI=1.07-7.49). ET was consistently more common in males than in females. In 2020, the overall prevalence of ET in the general population was 0.32% (95% CI=0.12-0.91), and the prevalence was higher in males (0.36%, 95% CI=0.14-1.03) than in females (0.28%, 95% CI=0.11-0.79). In 2020, the number of people affected by ET was 24.91 million (95% CI=9.51-70.92), among whom 56% were males.

• #2 The global prevalence of essential tremor, with emphasis on age and sex: A meta-analysis — JOGH

  https://jogh.org/the-global-prevalence-of-essential-tremor-with-emphasis-on-age-and-sex-a-meta-analysis/

  Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common neurological disorders that impairs quality of life and leads to disability and social handicap. It was estimated that approximate 0.9% of people worldwide were affected by ET. […] The prevalence of ET increased dramatically with advancing age, where the prevalence estimate in people aged under 20 years was 0.04% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.00-0.29) and that in elderly aged 80 years and above was 2.87% (95% CI = 1.07-7.49). ET was consistently more common in males than in females. In 2020, the overall prevalence of ET in the general population was 0.32% (95% CI = 0.12-0.91), and the prevalence was higher in males (0.36%, 95% CI = 0.14-1.03) than in females (0.28%, 95% CI = 0.11-0.79). In 2020, the number of people affected by ET was 24.91 million (95% CI = 9.51-70.92), among whom 56% were males.

• #2 The global prevalence of essential tremor, with emphasis on age and sex: A meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8035980/

  This study provides an up-to-date estimation of ET prevalence in the general population throughout the whole life span, with emphasis on age and sex. […] The global prevalence of ET was 0.32% in the general population, ranging from 0.04% in people under 20 years to 2.87% in those aged 80 years and above. The total number of people suffering from ET worldwide was 24.91 million in 2020. […] The findings in our study have both clinical and public health implications. The lack of agreed and shared tools and definitions in studies on ET has been highlighted, emphasising the need for adopting an internationally acknowledged diagnostic approach in future epidemiological investigations in ET.

• #3 Essential Tremor: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1150290-overview

  Assessments of the prevalence and incidence of essential tremor vary widely depending on ascertainment methodology and diagnostic criteria employed in detecting the condition. […] The prevalence of essential tremor has been reported to differ considerably in individuals living in various regions of the United States (New York, Mississippi, and Arizona), with estimates for ages 60 years ranging widely, from 1.3% to 20.5%. […] In 2020, the global prevalence of essential tremor in the general population was estimated to be 0.32%, ranging from 0.04% in people younger than 20 years to 2.87% in those aged 80 years and older. The total number of people suffering from essential tremor worldwide was 24.91 million in 2020. […] Race has not been extensively studied in essential tremor. One evaluation of a multiethnic group (White, African American, Hispanic) found differences in the presence or absence of head tremor and a variable tremor score among the subgroups. White subjects had a tremor score that was 5.3 points lower than that for nonwhites. Head tremors were present in 25% of Whites and 29% of Hispanics and were absent in African Americans.

• #4 Epidemiology of essential tremor | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-06757-2_14

  Essential tremor probably occurs in all parts of the world and in different types of population, but there are only limited data available concerning its epidemiology, and the prevalence estimates vary to a considerable degree. […] This chapter discusses the problems encountered in epidemiological studies of essential tremor and outlines the epidemiological features of this disorder.

• #5 Prevalence of Essential Tremors in Rural Gujarat, India – MDS Abstracts

  https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/prevalence-of-essential-tremors-in-rural-gujarat-india/

  A. Chin, S. Arora, S. Raithata, D. Desai, U. Shah, A. Deb, S. Desai. Prevalence of Essential Tremors in Rural Gujarat, India [abstract]. Mov Disord. 2021; 36 (suppl 1). https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/prevalence-of-essential-tremors-in-rural-gujarat-india/. Accessed May 8, 2025. […] With Indias diverse population, existing epidemiological surveys about neurologic disorders like essential tremors (ET) cannot be accurately extrapolated, presenting a need for population-based surveys for localized data. […] Worldwide crude prevalence rates of ET range from 0.4-8.6% across multiple studies, affecting about 1% of the general population and 4-5% of individuals over 65 years old. […] Despite such high prevalence rates, the number of studies estimating prevalence of ET is surprisingly low, with no previous studies amongst rural Indian communities.

• #6 Essential Tremor

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Neuro/Tremor/EsntlTrmr.htm

  Prevalence: 0.4 to 6% […] Most common pathologic Tremor cause in world […] Age of onset 20-60 years (bimodal distribution) […] Likely has onset for most patients in ages 20-30 years but is mild initially […] Later presentation at age 60-70 years coincides with the natural progression in severity […] Genetic (Autosomal Dominant inheritance) in 50% of cases […] Essential Tremor is a diagnosis of exclusion made on clinical grounds […] Second or alternative Tremor diagnosis is identified in up to 30-50% of patients over time […] Morbidity associated with impact on job functioning and social embarrassment, as well as Activities of Daily Living […] Up to 25% of patients change career or retire early due to Essential Tremor.

• #7 How Many People in the USA Have Essential Tremor? Deriving a Population Estimate Based on Epidemiological Data – HopeNet

  https://thehopenet.org/blog2/how-many-people-in-the-usa-have-essential-tremor-deriving-a-population-estimate-based-on-epidemiological-data/

  Essential tremor (ET) is often reported to be among the most prevalent movement disorders, yet the precise number of cases in the USA is not known. […] The goal of the current analyses was to use published data from epidemiological studies to derive an estimate of the number of people currently residing in the USA who have ET. […] Using data from three studies, estimates of the number of ET cases (2012) ranged from 6.38 to 7.63 million (mean 7.01 million). This corresponds to approximately 2.2% of the US population. […] Knowing the number of ET cases in the USA is important in terms of estimating the medical burden on communities and society, and providing an objective metric on which to base health resource planning. […] In summary, the current study estimates that 7.01 million individuals in the USA have ET. This corresponds to approximately 2.2% of the US population. Knowing the number of ET cases is important for estimating the medical burden on communities and society, and providing an objective metric on which to base health resource planning.

• #8 Essential Tremor – Neurology Solutions

  https://www.neurologysolutions.com/movement-disorders/essential-tremor/

  ET is the most common form of action tremor, with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 1% overall and approximately 5% in adults 60+ years of age. […] In the US, the prevalence is approximately 2.2% of the overall population, or about 2x that of ET worldwide. […] ET is found most commonly in adults over the age of 65. […] The prevalence of ET is roughly 10x the prevalence of Parkinsons disease. […] More than 50% of ET cases are believed to be caused by a genetic risk factor, meaning there is a family history of ET. These cases are also known as familial tremor.

• #9 Epidemiology, treatment patterns, and healthcare resource utilization of patients with Essential Tremor: A retrospective cohort analysis in the United Kingdom | CPRD

  https://www.cprd.com/approved-studies/epidemiology-treatment-patterns-and-healthcare-resource-utilization-patients

  Essential tremor is a common nervous system disorder affecting movement and the usual function of parts of the body, as well as the awareness and thinking capabilities. It is estimated that around 1,000,000 people in the UK have it. […] Therefore, there is a need for a more thorough understanding of the effect and management of patients outside of clinical trials and in the real world. […] This study aims to characterise ET patient profiles by describing i) epidemiology, ii) patient characteristics and treatment patterns iii) healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs, and iv) specialties of diagnosing/treating physicians. […] Yearly ET epidemiology (point prevalence [2010 to 2021] and cumulative incidence [2011 to 2021]) will be determined and estimates standardized by age/sex will be extrapolated to the overall UK population. […] Completion of the proposed study will result in various public health benefits, including an up-to-date real-world epidemiologic profile and characterisation of patients with ET in the UK, describing the burden of disease and elucidating unmet needs.

• #10 How Common is Essential Tremor? Update on the Worldwide Prevalence of Essential Tremor | Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements

  https://tremorjournal.org/articles/10.5334/tohm.632

  Essential tremor (ET) is among the most prevalent movement disorders. Comprehensive reviews of disease prevalence were published in 1998 and 2010 but not since then. We reviewed the prevalence of ET in population-based epidemiological studies, derived a precise summary estimate of prevalence from these studies, and examined differences in prevalence across studies. […] There were 42 population-based prevalence studies (23 countries and 6 continents). In a meta-analysis, pooled prevalence (all ages) = 1.33%, with statistically significant heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 99.3%, p 0.0001). […] Prevalence increased markedly with age, and especially with advanced age. In the meta-analysis, prevalence (age 65 years) = 5.79%, and in descriptive analyses, median crude prevalence (age 60-65) = 5.9% and mean = 8.0%. […] The prevalence increased by 74% for every decade increase in age (p 0.0001). […] The prevalence of ET among those age 65 is similar to that reported for Alzheimer’s disease in elders, suggesting that ET may be the most common neurodegenerative disease.

• #11 Recent Updates on Essential Tremor

  https://www.clinmedjournals.org/articles/ijnn/international-journal-of-neurology-and-neurotherapy-ijnn-6-081.php?jid=ijnn

  Essential Tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder. Despite its common presence, exact etiology, phenotypic diversity, associated symptoms, clinical course, response to medications and surgery is unclear. […] Incidence of ET increases with age. A meta-analysis suggested that action tremor may be seen in 10% of individuals above age 90. […] Risk of mortality in ET patients was studied in a longitudinal, prospective study of 201 ET cases. They were compared with 465 age-matched controls. Risk of mortality was increased in ET subjects as compared to controls. […] Older age, cognitive decline, depression, imbalance, and falls were associated with increased risk of mortality.

• #12 Essential tremor – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_tremor

  Essential tremor (ET) is a common neurological disorder, affecting up to 5% of the global population, with approximately 24.91 million people affected worldwide in 2020. The prevalence of ET increases significantly with age, particularly in individuals aged 60 and above. […] It affects around 4% of people aged 40 and older, and the prevalence rises to 2.87% in those over 80, reaching up to 20% in individuals in their 90s and beyond. […] ET is more common in males than females across all age groups. […] Family history plays a significant role in the development of ET, with around 50% of cases being hereditary and a 90% concordance rate in identical twins. […] While the likelihood of developing ET increases with age, it can also occur in younger individuals, especially if there is a family history of the disorder. […] ET is one of the most common types of tremor, aside from enhanced physiological tremor, and is among the most frequently observed movement disorders.

• #13 Essential tremor: Clinical features and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/essential-tremor-clinical-features-and-diagnosis

  Essential tremor (ET) is the most common cause of action tremor in adults. […] ET is the most common cause of action tremor, with an estimated prevalence worldwide of 1 percent overall and approximately 5 percent in adults over the age of 60 years. […] The incidence of ET increases with age, although childhood and early adulthood presentations do occur, especially when ET is familial. […] The prevalence of ET is similar in males and females, although some studies report a slight male predominance.

• #14 Essential Tremor: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1150290-overview

  Essential tremor affects both sexes with equal frequency. However, head tremor may be more frequent in women, and postural hand tremor may be more severe in men. Childhood essential tremor may be more frequent in boys than in girls. […] The prevalence of essential tremor increases with age. Data has suggested bimodal peaks in age of onsetone in late adolescence to early adulthood and a second in older adulthood. The mean age at presentation is 35-45 years. One comparison of a population-based cohort with patients at a tertiary care center found a significant bimodal presentation only at the center, with the population-based study revealing a significant peak only in older adults. This suggests that the bimodal peak may be attributable to preferential referral of young-onset essential tremor patients to tertiary centers.

• #15 Genetics of Essential Tremor

  https://www.movementdisorders.org/MDS/Scientific-Issues/Genetics-of-Essential-Tremor.htm

  Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders, affecting 5% of the general population older than 65 years. […] ET is an inherited condition in 50-70% of the cases, so there is no doubt that genetic factors play a substantial etiological role. […] The major recent breakthrough in the genetics of ET is the identification of genome-wide significant risk factors which required reaching the critical sample size for a GWAS through inclusion of about half a million of individuals. […] Thus, larger epidemiological studies are needed to elucidate the environmental factors increasing ET risk, and such risk factors need to be taken into account (as a co-variate) when looking for genetic risk factors.

• #16 Essential Tremor – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499986/

  Essential tremor is the most common neurologic disorder that affects postural or action tremors. The worldwide estimated prevalence is up to 5% of the population. Family history can be found in near 50% of cases and in 90% concordance in monozygotic twins. The incidence of essential tremor increases with age, although it often affects young individuals, especially when it is familial. […] Tremors are the most common movement disorder, and essential tremor is the most common neurologic cause of postural or action tremor.

• #17 Essential Tremor: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1150290-overview

  Essential tremor usually manifests by age 65 years and virtually always by age 70 years. Tremor amplitude slowly increases over time, but tremor frequency decreases with increasing age. An 812 Hz tremor is seen in young adults, and a 6-8 Hz tremor is seen in elderly individuals. Although essential tremor is progressive, no association has been found between age of onset and severity or disability. […] A strong correlation between age of onset before 20 years and family history of essential tremor was found in an environmental epidemiologic study of 195 essential tremor cases.

• #18 Estimation of global age-specific prevalence of essential tremor by literature review of population-based studies – MDS Abstracts

  https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/estimation-of-global-age-specific-prevalence-of-essential-tremor-by-literature-review-of-population-based-studies/

  Estimation of global age-specific prevalence of essential tremor by literature review of population-based studies […] To estimate prevalence of essential tremor (ET) using population-based community screening studies in defined geographical areas that ascertain disease using in-person interview and confirmation by qualified neurological examination. […] Prevalence may be lower in Asian countries compared to other parts of the world, but more research is necessary to confirm this. While significant heterogeneity is noted from study to study, the data are derived from a variety of populations and offer a set of possible global estimates that continue to place ET among the most common movement disorders.

• #19 What Is Essential Tremor? | Oncohema Key

  https://oncohemakey.com/what-is-essential-tremor/

  Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common neurological disorders and is characterized by the presence of action tremor of the hands. […] ET can affect anyone at any age. Based on tertiary center referrals, the distribution of age at onset is bimodal, with a small peak at around 20 years of age and another one around 60 years of age, though in population based studies, there may be just one large peak later in life. […] Prevalence estimates vary widely because of differing diagnostic criteria, but is present in approximately 1 % of the general population, approximately 45.6 % of patients aged 40 or older, and approximately 69 % of patients aged 60 or older. […] An age-associated increase in the prevalence of ET is consistently found across all studies. […] Applying these prevalence rates to United States census figures, almost five million people in the United States over the age of 40 are affected with ET. […] Overall, tremor appears to occur with similar frequency in men and women. […] This condition is common in all races across the world, though may be slightly higher in Caucasians than African-Americans.

• #20 Tremor epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Tremor_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The incidence of essential tremor increases with age. […] Incidence of essential tremor is 23.7 per 100,000 annually. […] The prevalence of essential tremor is approximately 0.4% to 5.6%. […] Essential tremor has bimodal incidence according to age.

• #21 Essential Tremor Syndrome | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/116221/2.2/Essential_Tremor_Syndrome

  Essential tremor is the most common pathologic tremor in humans. […] Incidence rises significantly after age 49 years. […] The overall prevalence for essential tremor has been estimated between 0.4% and 0.9% but is increased in older patients with an estimated prevalence of 4.6% at age 65 years and up to 22% at age 95 years.

• #22

  https://journals.lww.com/annalsofian/fulltext/2024/27020/epidemiologic_disparities_and_challenges_in.6.aspx

  Non-parkinsonian tremors represent a heterogeneous spectrum of movement disorders where knowledge gaps persist regarding epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical burden. […] Twenty-nine studies reported prevalence estimates displaying wide variability from 0.09% to 22% for essential tremor, partly attributable to definitional inconsistencies. […] The epidemiology and intricate biological basis underpinning even the most prevalent non-parkinsonian tremor disorder, ET, remain incompletely deciphered. Reported prevalence proportions for ET alone display over 10-fold variability globally, underscoring knowledge gaps. […] In the specific Indian context, contemporary statistics on occurrence rates and diagnostic precision are particularly sparse across both ET and other less-common non-parkinsonian tremor disorders.

• #23 The global prevalence of essential tremor, with emphasis on age and sex: A meta-analysis — JOGH

  https://jogh.org/the-global-prevalence-of-essential-tremor-with-emphasis-on-age-and-sex-a-meta-analysis/

  The findings in our study have both clinical and public health implications. The lack of agreed and shared tools and definitions in studies on ET has been highlighted, emphasising the need for adopting an internationally acknowledged diagnostic approach in future epidemiological investigations in ET.

• #24

  https://journals.lww.com/annalsofian/fulltext/2024/27020/epidemiologic_disparities_and_challenges_in.6.aspx

  Therefore, for this review, the use of the broader designation non-parkinsonian tremor serves a pragmatic purpose in lumpingly capturing the overarching spectrum encompassing ETs and similar manifestations. […] The review revealed substantial heterogeneity in reported Indian prevalence estimates for ET, ranging from 0.09% to 22% across studies. […] The notable divergence in reported prevalence rates underscores the need for contemporary epidemiologic studies employing consistent, standardized diagnostic criteria to ascertain precise prevalence. […] The integration of such contemporary diagnostic frameworks will enable more accurate ascertainment and subclassification of cases in future prevalence statistics and clinical characterizations. […] The review spotlights imperative next steps encompassing large-scale collaborative studies underpinned by updated diagnostic criteria to address the exposed deficiencies in contemporary prevalence statistics.

• #25 Tremor & Essential Tremor

  https://www.movementdisorders.org/MDS/About/Movement-Disorder-Overviews/Tremor–Essential-Tremor.htm

  Essential tremor (ET) is the most common tremor syndrome seen in adults. […] The original consensus criteria proposed by MDS from 1998 were recently revised to better overcome inconsistencies, particularly with regard to essential tremor (ET), tremor associated with dystonia or other additional neurological abnormalities, and focal tremors. […] MDS group working to develop the science and research on Tremor.

• #26 Epidemiology of pediatric essential tremor in the United States: a systematic literature review from 2010 to 2020 | Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements

  https://tremorjournal.org/articles/10.5334/tohm.681

  Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders worldwide, yet the size of the pediatric ET population is not well understood. […] The review did not identify any studies that reported information on pediatric prevalence or incidence of ET, or age of ET diagnosis among nonpediatric patients. […] There is a notable lack of recent data describing the incidence and prevalence of pediatric ET in the United States. […] No studies published from 2010 to 2020 were identified that reported incidence or prevalence data for pediatric ET, or information regarding the age of diagnosis, within the United States. […] Overall, this systematic review revealed a considerable data gap for US-based pediatric ET epidemiology in the literature.

• #27 Essential tremor | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/essential-tremor?lang=us

  Essential tremor is one of the most common movement disorders. Its prevalence increases with age, and is estimated to affect up to 5% of the population over the age of 65 years. However, the condition can also be seen in younger patients, including in the pediatric demographic, albeit rarely. There is thought to be either no gender predilection or a slight male predominance. […] Essential tremor describes a chronic, progressive, predominantly bilateral upper limb, action tremor syndrome, present without parkinsonism, dystonia and ataxia.

• #28 Prevalence of essential tremor in urban Lagos, Nigeria: a door-to-door community-based study | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2377-12-110

  Our findings corroborate the previous documentation of a large treatment gap in ET in the developing world alluded to in a previous hospital-based study in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria which highlighted the low hospital frequency of ET over a 25-year period. […] We conclude that ET is a common disorder in the urban Nigerian population studied here, and the clinical phenotype is similar to that previously described by other researchers.

• #29 Prevalence of Essential Tremors in Rural Gujarat, India – MDS Abstracts

  https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/prevalence-of-essential-tremors-in-rural-gujarat-india/

  Our study indicates that the rural Gujarat crude prevalence rate of ET is lower in comparison to other studies conducted globally. […] Importantly, our study is the only such assessment done in a village-based Indian population. […] Further studies of ET prevalence utilizing new definition criteria will help improve awareness, diagnosis, and treatment of this condition for the rural Indian population and generate more understanding of ET prevalence throughout India and worldwide.

• #30 Environmental Epidemiology of Essential Tremor

  https://ctv.veeva.com/study/environmental-epidemiology-of-essential-tremor

  This study’s research is devoted to studying the causes of tremor, and especially essential tremor (ET), which is the most common type of tremor. […] A link between harmane (HA) (1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) and ET has been emerging from these studies, which show that blood and brain HA concentration ([HA]) is elevated in ET cases (esp. familial ET) vs. control subjects. […] All epidemiological studies have been case-control studies; thus, it is not clear whether high blood [HA] precedes the onset of ET. […] This would be the only study heading in this direction – exploring the etiological role of environmental factors, and more specifically toxins, in ET.

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