Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hsp.html

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HEH-nok SHOON-line PURR-pyuh-ruh) is a condition that makes small blood vessels get swollen and irritated. This inflammation is called vasculitis (vas-kyuh-LY-tis). It usually affects blood vessels in the skin, joints, intestines, and kidneys. […] The most common sign of Henoch-Schönlein purpura is a purplish rash, which looks like bruising. It happens in all cases of HSP, usually on the lower legs and buttocks. It also can appear on the arms, face, and trunk. […] Kids also might have: pain and swelling in the joints, usually about 1–2 weeks before the rash starts. The knee and ankle joints are usually affected. […] Symptoms of Henoch-Schönlein purpura usually last for about a month. […] The kidneys can be affected in up to half of kids with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. In most cases, this is mild and clears up without treatment. But a few children will develop kidney failure. […] Most children with HSP fully recover within a month and have no long-term problems.

• #2 Henoch-Schonlein purpura | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a short-term inflammation of certain blood vessels (vasculitis) thought to be triggered by a malfunction of the immune system. […] Symptoms include a purple spotted skin rash, abdominal pain and gastrointestinal upsets such as diarrhoea. […] Generally, the older the person is, the more severe the symptoms will be. […] The condition typically lasts around one to four weeks, and is often marked by relapses. […] Common symptoms of HSP include: Purple spotted skin rash (caused by bleeding into the skin), usually over the buttocks and legs. Rash may not be present on initial presentation, Painful joints, especially knees and ankles, Fluid retention (oedema) affecting the hands and feet, Abdominal pain and vomiting, Diarrhoea, sometimes bloody, Scrotal oedema in boys. […] In most cases, the symptoms disappear by themselves within one to four weeks.

• #3 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a form of vasculitis, a condition that involves inflammation of the blood vessels. It can affect any organ of the body. […] Patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura develop a characteristic bruise-like rash on their arms and/or legs. In most cases, the condition does not require treatment; it will resolve on its own and the child will recover completely. […] However, some children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura will develop arthritis and abdominal pain. These children can be treated with pain control medications. […] The most serious potential complication of Henoch-Schönlein purpura is kidney damage — which can be irreversible. For this reason, children with HSP should be carefully monitored for the first 6 months after diagnosis. Testing should include regular blood pressure checks and urine analysis.

• #4 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein Purpura): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984105-overview

  IgA vasculitis (IgAV) previously known as Henoch-Schnlein purpura, although the eponymic name remains widely used is a systemic inflammation of small vessels caused by an acute perivascular deposition of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and activation of neutrophils. […] IgAV is classically characterized by the combination of cutaneous vasculitis, arthritis, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and kidney involvement, which can occur in flares. Rarely, the lungs or central nervous system (CNS) may be affected as well. […] Acute involvement of the GI tract impacts the short-term prognosis of the disease, while long-term prognosis depends on the severity of the kidney disease. Progression to chronic kidney failure may occur more than a decade after the onset of IgAV. […] The typical prodrome of IgAV includes headache, anorexia, and fever.

• #5 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein Purpura) Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984105-clinical

  IgA vasculitis (IgAV; Henoch-Schnlein purpura) typically has a prodrome, which includes the following: Headache, Anorexia, Fever. […] After the prodrome, multiple signs and symptoms develop, of which the following are the most common: Rash (95-100% of cases), especially involving the legs; Joint pain (50-75% of children), especially involving the knees and ankles; Abdominal pain and vomiting; Subcutaneous edema; Scrotal edema; Bloody stools; Lower limb edema and hypertension (more common in adults). […] The hallmark of IgAV is the characteristic rash, which appears in nearly all patients (though in as many as 50% of children, it may not be the presenting feature). The rash typically appears in crops, with new crops appearing in waves. Eruptions usually last an average of 3 weeks. […] Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms typically develop about a week after the appearance of the characteristic rash, but may precede or accompany the onset of skin lesions in IgAV or occur weeks or months later. The most common such symptom is colicky abdominal pain.

• #6 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/allergies-blood-immune/henoch-schonlein-purpura-leaflet

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a rare condition that is caused by inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis). It particularly affects children. Blood vessels throughout the body are affected but HSP most often causes a skin rash, tummy (abdominal) pain and joint pains. […] Henoch-Schönlein purpura is not very common. Between 8 and 20 in 100,000 people will develop HSP each year. HSP mostly affects children with 9 out of 10 cases happening in children between the ages of 2-10 years. But HSP can also affect older children and adults. It is more common in boys than in girls. […] Someone with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) will often have had an upper respiratory tract infection within the few weeks before they develop the condition. So, for example, they may have had a cough, runny nose, and high temperature (fever) and have been feeling tired.

• #7 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein Purpura) Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984105-clinical

  IgA vasculitis (IgAV; Henoch-Schnlein purpura) typically has a prodrome, which includes the following: Headache, Anorexia, Fever. […] After the prodrome, multiple signs and symptoms develop, of which the following are the most common: Rash (95-100% of cases), especially involving the legs; Joint pain (50-75% of children), especially involving the knees and ankles; Abdominal pain and vomiting; Subcutaneous edema; Scrotal edema; Bloody stools; Lower limb edema and hypertension (more common in adults). […] The hallmark of IgAV is the characteristic rash, which appears in nearly all patients (though in as many as 50% of children, it may not be the presenting feature). The rash typically appears in crops, with new crops appearing in waves. Eruptions usually last an average of 3 weeks. […] Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms typically develop about a week after the appearance of the characteristic rash, but may precede or accompany the onset of skin lesions in IgAV or occur weeks or months later. The most common such symptom is colicky abdominal pain.

• #8 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/henoch-schonlein-purpura-pro

  Henoch-Schnlein purpura (HSP) is an IgA-mediated, autoimmune hypersensitivity vasculitis of childhood. The main clinical features are skin purpura, arthritis, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, and nephritis. […] The disease occurs mostly in the autumn or winter months. There may be a history of a preceding upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) or less commonly a gastrointestinal infection. Generally, patients appear to be mildly ill, with low-grade fever. There is a symmetrical, erythematous macular rash, especially on the back of the legs, buttocks and ulnar side of the arms. Within 24 hours, the macules evolve into purpuric lesions, which may coalesce and resemble bruises. Typically the purpura are slightly raised and palpable. Abdominal pain and bloody diarrhoea may precede the typical purpuric rash. HSP may also cause nausea and vomiting. Such gastrointestinal symptoms precede the rash in 10-40% of patients.

• #9 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/allergies-blood-immune/henoch-schonlein-purpura-leaflet

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a rare condition that is caused by inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis). It particularly affects children. Blood vessels throughout the body are affected but HSP most often causes a skin rash, tummy (abdominal) pain and joint pains. […] Henoch-Schönlein purpura is not very common. Between 8 and 20 in 100,000 people will develop HSP each year. HSP mostly affects children with 9 out of 10 cases happening in children between the ages of 2-10 years. But HSP can also affect older children and adults. It is more common in boys than in girls. […] Someone with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) will often have had an upper respiratory tract infection within the few weeks before they develop the condition. So, for example, they may have had a cough, runny nose, and high temperature (fever) and have been feeling tired.

• #10 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hsp.html

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HEH-nok SHOON-line PURR-pyuh-ruh) is a condition that makes small blood vessels get swollen and irritated. This inflammation is called vasculitis (vas-kyuh-LY-tis). It usually affects blood vessels in the skin, joints, intestines, and kidneys. […] The most common sign of Henoch-Schönlein purpura is a purplish rash, which looks like bruising. It happens in all cases of HSP, usually on the lower legs and buttocks. It also can appear on the arms, face, and trunk. […] Kids also might have: pain and swelling in the joints, usually about 1–2 weeks before the rash starts. The knee and ankle joints are usually affected. […] Symptoms of Henoch-Schönlein purpura usually last for about a month. […] The kidneys can be affected in up to half of kids with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. In most cases, this is mild and clears up without treatment. But a few children will develop kidney failure. […] Most children with HSP fully recover within a month and have no long-term problems.

• #11 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura | KidsHealth New Zealand’s Trusted Voice On Children’s Health

  https://www.kidshealth.org.nz/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  If your child has Henoch-Schonlein purpura, you may first notice a rash. This is caused by inflammation and swelling of the small blood vessels in the skin. […] Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) causes inflammation of the small blood vessels. […] A skin rash (purpura) is the most common sign. […] HSP can also affect blood vessels around the kidneys and intestines. […] HSP can cause joint pain. […] This may start out looking like red spots, bumps or raised skin welts which can be itchy. This quickly changes to small bruises or reddish-purple spots that are often raised. It usually appears on the buttocks, on the legs and around the elbows. Your child could get blisters or ulcers where the rash is. […] Pain and swelling in the joints (usually the knees and ankles) which can come and go and can move around from joint to joint.

• #12 Henoch-Schonlein purpura (anaphylactoid purpura)

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/henoch-schoenlein-purpura

  HenochSchnlein purpura (HSP) is a form of leukocytoclastic or small-vessel vasculitis, most often observed in children. […] The most common symptoms include a vasculitic rash, joint pain, and abdominal pain. […] The classic presentation of HSP is with a tetrad of symptoms and signs: Rash, Arthritis, Abdominal pain, Kidney impairment. […] The symptoms are usually preceded by 2-3 weeks of fever, headache, muscle/joint aches, or abdominal pain. […] A rash is present in virtually all cases. It usually starts as red spots or bumps (which may have a hive-like appearance) which rapidly change to small dark purple bumps (palpable purpura) within the first 24 hours. […] Arthritis is present in 75% of cases and usually involves one to four joints, especially the ankles and knees. […] Abdominal pain is present in half to three-quarters of patients and precedes the rash in up to one third. […] Kidney involvement is seen in up to 50% of cases. […] Approximately 10% have serious kidney problems at presentation, 15% are left with subtle abnormalities in their urine tests, and 15% progress to end-stage kidney failure long term.

• #13 Henoch-Schönlein purpura: Causes, symptoms, and treatmentMedical News Today

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318948

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura is an inflammation of small blood vessels that causes them to leak, resulting in a rash. […] HSP’s characteristic rash presents as small red dots on the skin, usually on the legs and buttocks, which changes from red to purple, and later to brown, before fading over the following 10 days. The rash is present in all cases of HSP. […] Other accompanying symptoms can include abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, arthritis, and blood in the urine. Kidney damage is the most common and most serious long-term complication. […] Symptoms can occur in any sequence, but the kidneys are usually affected by HSP later in the development of the disease. Symptoms of HSP usually begin suddenly. In rare cases, a person may require hospitalization. […] Symptoms of HSP include: Rash.

• #14 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura is an acute, systemic, immune complex-mediated, leukocytoclastic vasculitis. It is characterized by a clinical triad of palpable purpura (without thrombocytopenia), abdominal pain, and arthritis. Glomerulonephritis and gastrointestinal bleeding are common complications. […] The onset of purpura, abdominal pain, and arthritis may be in any sequence, although abdominal pain and arthritis are not universally present. The timing of symptoms may be within days or insidious over a period of weeks. Henoch-Schönlein purpura usually follows an upper respiratory infection. Fatigue and low-grade fever are also common. […] All patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura develop a nonpruritic rash that starts briefly as erythematous papules or urticarial wheals, and then matures into crops of petechiae and purpura. Purpura is defined as nonblanching cutaneous hemorrhages that are greater than 10 mm in diameter. The purpura can enlarge into palpable ecchymoses. The lesions change from red to purple to rust-colored before fading over a period of approximately 10 days. The rash is most commonly located in dependent areas that are subject to pressure, such as the lower extremities, belt line, and buttocks. The purpura is usually seen on the extensor surfaces of the extremities.

• #15 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura | KidsHealth New Zealand’s Trusted Voice On Children’s Health

  https://www.kidshealth.org.nz/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  This can come and go and in some cases can be severe. […] This happens because of inflammation of the blood vessels in the bowel. This can be a sign of more serious problems (such as an abnormal folding of the bowel called intussusception). […] This happens because of inflammation of blood vessels in the kidney. Serious kidney problems don’t happen very often, but they can happen. […] Many tamariki with HSP also have swelling over the backs of their feet and hands, and the scrotum in boys. […] The illness lasts 4 to 6 weeks in most tamariki. The rash (purpura) changes from red to purple, becomes rust-coloured and then fades completely. […] About 3% of tamariki with HSP can get it again, usually within 4 months of the first illness. If your child gets HSP again, it’s usually milder and shorter. Tamariki whose kidneys were affected are more likely to get HSP again. […] Most people with HSP get better over time without treatment and have no long-term problems. About 5% of tamariki with HSP develop long-term kidney disease (called glomerulonephritis).

• #16 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein Purpura) Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984105-clinical

  IgA vasculitis (IgAV; Henoch-Schnlein purpura) typically has a prodrome, which includes the following: Headache, Anorexia, Fever. […] After the prodrome, multiple signs and symptoms develop, of which the following are the most common: Rash (95-100% of cases), especially involving the legs; Joint pain (50-75% of children), especially involving the knees and ankles; Abdominal pain and vomiting; Subcutaneous edema; Scrotal edema; Bloody stools; Lower limb edema and hypertension (more common in adults). […] The hallmark of IgAV is the characteristic rash, which appears in nearly all patients (though in as many as 50% of children, it may not be the presenting feature). The rash typically appears in crops, with new crops appearing in waves. Eruptions usually last an average of 3 weeks. […] Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms typically develop about a week after the appearance of the characteristic rash, but may precede or accompany the onset of skin lesions in IgAV or occur weeks or months later. The most common such symptom is colicky abdominal pain.

• #17 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hsp.html

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HEH-nok SHOON-line PURR-pyuh-ruh) is a condition that makes small blood vessels get swollen and irritated. This inflammation is called vasculitis (vas-kyuh-LY-tis). It usually affects blood vessels in the skin, joints, intestines, and kidneys. […] The most common sign of Henoch-Schönlein purpura is a purplish rash, which looks like bruising. It happens in all cases of HSP, usually on the lower legs and buttocks. It also can appear on the arms, face, and trunk. […] Kids also might have: pain and swelling in the joints, usually about 1–2 weeks before the rash starts. The knee and ankle joints are usually affected. […] Symptoms of Henoch-Schönlein purpura usually last for about a month. […] The kidneys can be affected in up to half of kids with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. In most cases, this is mild and clears up without treatment. But a few children will develop kidney failure. […] Most children with HSP fully recover within a month and have no long-term problems.

• #18 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  A nonmigratory arthritis occurs in 75 percent of patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. The knees and ankles are more commonly involved than small joints. The arthritis symptoms include swelling, warmth, and tenderness. The symptoms are transient, leave no deformity, and may precede the purpuric rash in 15 to 25 percent of patients. […] Abdominal pain occurs in 60 to 65 percent of patients, and may mimic an acute abdomen in terms of severity. The pain is typically colicky, and occurs about one week after the onset of the rash. Vomiting and gastrointestinal bleeding (occult and gross) will develop in 30 percent of patients. In rare cases, gastrointestinal hemorrhage may be severe. Intussusception may also occur, with a mural hematoma serving as the lead point for bowel telescoping. […] Renal disease is the most serious sequela of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, occurring in 40 to 50 percent of patients. Although death from Henoch-Schönlein purpura is rare, renal disease is the leading cause of death in these patients. Risk of renal disease is greatest in persons older than 10 years with persistent purpura, severe abdominal pain, or relapsing episodes. Unlike abdominal pain or arthritis that may precede the rash, renal disease is a late sequela. It usually starts within the first month and rarely occurs more than six months after the illness begins. Signs of Henoch-Schönlein purpura-associated renal disease are microscopic hematuria, red cell casts, and proteinuria. Renal disease will spontaneously remit in most patients. However, progressive glomerulonephritis may develop; patients with persistent proteinuria are at the highest risk of this complication.

• #19 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura | KidsHealth New Zealand’s Trusted Voice On Children’s Health

  https://www.kidshealth.org.nz/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  If your child has Henoch-Schonlein purpura, you may first notice a rash. This is caused by inflammation and swelling of the small blood vessels in the skin. […] Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) causes inflammation of the small blood vessels. […] A skin rash (purpura) is the most common sign. […] HSP can also affect blood vessels around the kidneys and intestines. […] HSP can cause joint pain. […] This may start out looking like red spots, bumps or raised skin welts which can be itchy. This quickly changes to small bruises or reddish-purple spots that are often raised. It usually appears on the buttocks, on the legs and around the elbows. Your child could get blisters or ulcers where the rash is. […] Pain and swelling in the joints (usually the knees and ankles) which can come and go and can move around from joint to joint.

• #20 GiKids – Henoch Schonlein Purpura

  https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/henoch-schonlein-purpura/

  Henoch Schonlein Purpura may also be called Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgA vasculitis). IgA is a type of protein made by white blood cells. Vasculitis means blood vessels become inflamed; this inflammation occurs because of IgA. […] Common symptoms include palpable purpura (raised, purple, bruise-like purple spots), muscle pain, joint pain, belly pain or kidney disease. In most patients, raised purple spots (purpura) are the first symptom, but not all. Purple spots are most commonly found on the legs and buttocks. […] Patients may have swelling, especially around their eyes, feet, and legs. Joint pain is common and there may be swelling at the joint. Pain can move between different joints and may be so severe that affected children are unable to walk. […] When the blood vessels in the kidneys are affected, it can cause there to be blood in the urine; sometimes there may also be protein in the urine. The symptoms may not all occur at the same time and can appear over the course of days or weeks.

• #21 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | Consultant360

  https://www.consultant360.com/articles/henoch-sch-nlein-purpura-1

  The classic tetrad of HSP symptoms includes palpable purpura without thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy, arthritis, abdominal pain, and renal involvement. […] Abdominal pain (colicky in nature, worse with food) is the most common symptom of GI tract involvement and occurs in up to 70% of cases. […] Joint involvement is seen in up to two-thirds of HSP cases. Typically, nonmigratory, nondestructive polyarthralgias occur, which are symmetric in distribution and mostly involve the knees and ankles. […] Renal involvement is usually noted within a few days to 1 month after the onset of systemic symptoms, with most patients developing renal involvement within 3 months of skin manifestations. […] Hematuria is the most common symptom and is the earliest sign of renal involvement. Persistent proteinuria and hematuria predict the development of ESRD. Renal involvement is the most important prognostic factor in determining morbidity and mortality from HSP. Most cases of HSP nephritis resolve spontaneously; only 5% progress to chronic ESRD at 5 years.

• #22 Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura

  https://www.printo.it/pediatric-rheumatology/IE/info/8/Henoch-Schoenlein-Purpura

  Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP) is a condition in which very small blood vessels (capillaries) become inflamed. This inflammation is called vasculitis and usually affects the small blood vessels in the skin, bowels and kidneys. The inflamed blood vessels may bleed into the skin causing a deeply red or purple rash called purpura. They can also bleed into the intestine or kidneys, causing blood-stained stools or urine (haematuria). […] The leading symptom is a characteristic skin rash, which is present in all patients with HSP. The rash usually begins with small hives; red patches or red bumps, which in time change to a purple bruise. It is called „palpable purpura” because the raised skin lesions can be felt. Purpura usually covers the lower extremities and buttocks although some lesions may also appear elsewhere in the body (upper limbs, trunk, etc.). Painful joints (arthralgia) or painful and swollen joints with limitation of movement (arthritis) – usually knees and ankles and less commonly wrists, elbows and fingers – are found in the majority of patients (>65%). Arthralgia and/or arthritis are accompanied by soft tissue swelling and tenderness located near and around the joints. Soft tissue swelling in hands and feet, forehead and scrotum may occur early in the disease, particularly in very young children. The joint symptoms are temporary and disappear within a few days to weeks. When the vessels become inflamed, abdominal pain is present in more than 60% of cases. It is typically intermittent, felt around the belly button (umbilicus), and may be accompanied by mild or severe gastrointestinal bleeding (haemorrhage). Very rarely, an abnormal folding of the bowel called intussusception may occur, causing an obstruction of the intestine that may need surgery. When the kidneys’ vessels become inflamed, they may bleed (in about 20-35% of patients) and a mild to severe haematuria (blood in the urine) and proteinuria (protein in the urine) may occur. Kidney problems are usually not serious. In rare cases, renal disease may last for months or years and may progress to kidney failure (1-5%). In such cases, consultation with a kidney specialist (nephrologist) and cooperation with the patient’s physician are needed. The symptoms described above may occasionally precede the appearance of skin rash by a few days. They may appear simultaneously or gradually in a different order. Other symptoms such as seizures, brain or lung haemorrhage and swelling of the testes due to inflammation of the vessels in these organs, are rarely seen.

• #23 Henoch-Schonlein purpura | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  Henoch-Schonlein purpura (also known as IgA vasculitis) is a disorder that causes the small blood vessels in your skin, joints, intestines and kidneys to become inflamed and bleed. […] The most striking feature of this form of vasculitis is a purplish rash, typically on the lower legs and buttocks. Henoch-Schonlein purpura can also cause abdominal pain and aching joints. Rarely, serious kidney damage can occur. […] The four main characteristics of Henoch-Schonlein purpura include: Rash (purpura). Reddish-purple spots that look like bruises develop on the buttocks, legs and feet. The rash can also appear on the arms, face and trunk and may be worse in areas of pressure, such as the sock line and waistline. […] Swollen, sore joints (arthritis). People with Henoch-Schonlein purpura often have pain and swelling around the joints mainly in the knees and ankles. Joint pain sometimes precedes the classical rash by one or two weeks. These symptoms subside when the disease clears and leave no lasting damage.

• #24 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/henoch-schonlein-purpura-pro

  Henoch-Schnlein purpura (HSP) is an IgA-mediated, autoimmune hypersensitivity vasculitis of childhood. The main clinical features are skin purpura, arthritis, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, and nephritis. […] The disease occurs mostly in the autumn or winter months. There may be a history of a preceding upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) or less commonly a gastrointestinal infection. Generally, patients appear to be mildly ill, with low-grade fever. There is a symmetrical, erythematous macular rash, especially on the back of the legs, buttocks and ulnar side of the arms. Within 24 hours, the macules evolve into purpuric lesions, which may coalesce and resemble bruises. Typically the purpura are slightly raised and palpable. Abdominal pain and bloody diarrhoea may precede the typical purpuric rash. HSP may also cause nausea and vomiting. Such gastrointestinal symptoms precede the rash in 10-40% of patients.

• #25 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein Purpura) Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984105-clinical

  Abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea may precede the typical purpuric rash of IgAV, complicating the initial diagnosis and even resulting in unnecessary laparotomy. […] Arthralgia is the presenting feature in as many as 25% of cases. […] Rarely, pulmonary, cardiac, genital, or neurologic involvement may occur in IgAV. […] Hematuria, usually microscopic, can be accompanied by mild-to-moderate proteinuria. […] Overall, 5% of patients develop end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). […] A study reported that even patients with mild forms of IgAV nephritis are at risk for significant long-term proteinuria.

• #26 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  A nonmigratory arthritis occurs in 75 percent of patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. The knees and ankles are more commonly involved than small joints. The arthritis symptoms include swelling, warmth, and tenderness. The symptoms are transient, leave no deformity, and may precede the purpuric rash in 15 to 25 percent of patients. […] Abdominal pain occurs in 60 to 65 percent of patients, and may mimic an acute abdomen in terms of severity. The pain is typically colicky, and occurs about one week after the onset of the rash. Vomiting and gastrointestinal bleeding (occult and gross) will develop in 30 percent of patients. In rare cases, gastrointestinal hemorrhage may be severe. Intussusception may also occur, with a mural hematoma serving as the lead point for bowel telescoping. […] Renal disease is the most serious sequela of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, occurring in 40 to 50 percent of patients. Although death from Henoch-Schönlein purpura is rare, renal disease is the leading cause of death in these patients. Risk of renal disease is greatest in persons older than 10 years with persistent purpura, severe abdominal pain, or relapsing episodes. Unlike abdominal pain or arthritis that may precede the rash, renal disease is a late sequela. It usually starts within the first month and rarely occurs more than six months after the illness begins. Signs of Henoch-Schönlein purpura-associated renal disease are microscopic hematuria, red cell casts, and proteinuria. Renal disease will spontaneously remit in most patients. However, progressive glomerulonephritis may develop; patients with persistent proteinuria are at the highest risk of this complication.

• #27 GiKids – Henoch Schonlein Purpura

  https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/henoch-schonlein-purpura/

  About half of kids with HSP will report belly pain, nausea, or vomiting. They may have blood in their stool or develop intussusception. Intussusception occurs when the intestine “telescopes” or one portion slides into another and becomes stuck. This can cause abdominal pain. The pain is often described as crampy and severe. […] Rarely, patients can have severe belly pain from their pancreas becoming inflamed (pancreatitis) or a hole (ulcer) in their intestine developing. Decreased appetite is common with either of these conditions. With pancreatitis, patients often have intense vomiting. Their pain is often located in the middle of their belly, just below where the ribs end. If patients have a hole in their intestine, they will have severe belly pain and may develop a fever. Some children may have low protein levels because their protein is being lost through the inflamed gastrointestinal tract.

• #28 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  A nonmigratory arthritis occurs in 75 percent of patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. The knees and ankles are more commonly involved than small joints. The arthritis symptoms include swelling, warmth, and tenderness. The symptoms are transient, leave no deformity, and may precede the purpuric rash in 15 to 25 percent of patients. […] Abdominal pain occurs in 60 to 65 percent of patients, and may mimic an acute abdomen in terms of severity. The pain is typically colicky, and occurs about one week after the onset of the rash. Vomiting and gastrointestinal bleeding (occult and gross) will develop in 30 percent of patients. In rare cases, gastrointestinal hemorrhage may be severe. Intussusception may also occur, with a mural hematoma serving as the lead point for bowel telescoping. […] Renal disease is the most serious sequela of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, occurring in 40 to 50 percent of patients. Although death from Henoch-Schönlein purpura is rare, renal disease is the leading cause of death in these patients. Risk of renal disease is greatest in persons older than 10 years with persistent purpura, severe abdominal pain, or relapsing episodes. Unlike abdominal pain or arthritis that may precede the rash, renal disease is a late sequela. It usually starts within the first month and rarely occurs more than six months after the illness begins. Signs of Henoch-Schönlein purpura-associated renal disease are microscopic hematuria, red cell casts, and proteinuria. Renal disease will spontaneously remit in most patients. However, progressive glomerulonephritis may develop; patients with persistent proteinuria are at the highest risk of this complication.

• #29 GiKids – Henoch Schonlein Purpura

  https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/henoch-schonlein-purpura/

  About half of kids with HSP will report belly pain, nausea, or vomiting. They may have blood in their stool or develop intussusception. Intussusception occurs when the intestine “telescopes” or one portion slides into another and becomes stuck. This can cause abdominal pain. The pain is often described as crampy and severe. […] Rarely, patients can have severe belly pain from their pancreas becoming inflamed (pancreatitis) or a hole (ulcer) in their intestine developing. Decreased appetite is common with either of these conditions. With pancreatitis, patients often have intense vomiting. Their pain is often located in the middle of their belly, just below where the ribs end. If patients have a hole in their intestine, they will have severe belly pain and may develop a fever. Some children may have low protein levels because their protein is being lost through the inflamed gastrointestinal tract.

• #30 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura | KidsHealth New Zealand’s Trusted Voice On Children’s Health

  https://www.kidshealth.org.nz/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  This can come and go and in some cases can be severe. […] This happens because of inflammation of the blood vessels in the bowel. This can be a sign of more serious problems (such as an abnormal folding of the bowel called intussusception). […] This happens because of inflammation of blood vessels in the kidney. Serious kidney problems don’t happen very often, but they can happen. […] Many tamariki with HSP also have swelling over the backs of their feet and hands, and the scrotum in boys. […] The illness lasts 4 to 6 weeks in most tamariki. The rash (purpura) changes from red to purple, becomes rust-coloured and then fades completely. […] About 3% of tamariki with HSP can get it again, usually within 4 months of the first illness. If your child gets HSP again, it’s usually milder and shorter. Tamariki whose kidneys were affected are more likely to get HSP again. […] Most people with HSP get better over time without treatment and have no long-term problems. About 5% of tamariki with HSP develop long-term kidney disease (called glomerulonephritis).

• #31 What Is Henoch-Schönlein Purpura? | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1998/0801/p411.html

  Henoch-Schnlein purpura (say: hen-awk shern-line purr-purr-ah) causes blood vessels to get inflamed (irritated and swollen). This inflammation is called vasculitis. It usually affects the small blood vessels in the skin (capillaries). It can also affect blood vessels in the bowel and the kidneys. When the blood vessels get inflamed, they can bleed into the skin, causing a rash that is called purpura. The intestines and the kidneys may also bleed. […] HSP causes a skin rash, pain in the joints (such as the knees and ankles) and stomach pain. The rash looks like small bruises or small reddish-purple spots. It’s usually on the buttocks, around the elbows and on the legs. HSP can also cause fever, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. The symptoms usually last for about four to six weeks. If the blood vessels in the bowel and the kidneys get inflamed, HSP can make you bleed when you have a bowel movement or when you urinate. Serious kidney problems don’t happen very often, but they can occur. In rare cases, an abnormal folding of the bowel called intussusception (say: in-tuh-suh-sep-shun) can occur. This makes a blockage in your intestines that may need surgery.

• #32 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and TreatmentsHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  Joint pain and GI symptoms can start up to 2 weeks before the rash appears. […] Sometimes, this disease can permanently damage the kidneys. […] More than 90 percent of HSP cases are in children, especially those between the ages of 2 and 6. The disease tends to be milder in kids than in adults. Adults are more likely to have pus-filled sores in their rash. They also get kidney damage more often with the condition. […] In children, HSP usually gets better within a few weeks. Symptoms can last longer in adults. […] Most of the time, Henoch-Schönlein purpura gets better on its own within a month. However, the disease can reoccur. […] HSP can cause complications. Adults can develop kidney damage that may be severe enough to require dialysis or a kidney transplant. Rarely, a section of the bowel can collapse in on itself and cause a blockage. This is called intussusception, and it can be serious.

• #33 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  A nonmigratory arthritis occurs in 75 percent of patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. The knees and ankles are more commonly involved than small joints. The arthritis symptoms include swelling, warmth, and tenderness. The symptoms are transient, leave no deformity, and may precede the purpuric rash in 15 to 25 percent of patients. […] Abdominal pain occurs in 60 to 65 percent of patients, and may mimic an acute abdomen in terms of severity. The pain is typically colicky, and occurs about one week after the onset of the rash. Vomiting and gastrointestinal bleeding (occult and gross) will develop in 30 percent of patients. In rare cases, gastrointestinal hemorrhage may be severe. Intussusception may also occur, with a mural hematoma serving as the lead point for bowel telescoping. […] Renal disease is the most serious sequela of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, occurring in 40 to 50 percent of patients. Although death from Henoch-Schönlein purpura is rare, renal disease is the leading cause of death in these patients. Risk of renal disease is greatest in persons older than 10 years with persistent purpura, severe abdominal pain, or relapsing episodes. Unlike abdominal pain or arthritis that may precede the rash, renal disease is a late sequela. It usually starts within the first month and rarely occurs more than six months after the illness begins. Signs of Henoch-Schönlein purpura-associated renal disease are microscopic hematuria, red cell casts, and proteinuria. Renal disease will spontaneously remit in most patients. However, progressive glomerulonephritis may develop; patients with persistent proteinuria are at the highest risk of this complication.

• #34 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein Purpura) Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984105-clinical

  Arthralgias occur in 60-84% of patients with IgAV and are the presenting complaint in approximately 25% of children. […] Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is a skin-limited variant of IgAV that usually occurs in infants aged 4-24 months, often after drug ingestion or infection. […] Scrotal involvement is not uncommon in IgAV and may mimic testicular torsion, which must be excluded. […] In women with IgAV, gynecologic symptoms can include painful menstruation. […] IgAV can be accompanied by neurologic manifestations, particularly headaches. […] Other neurologic manifestations of IgAV include altered mental status, apathy, hyperactivity, irritability, mood lability, somnolence, seizures, and focal deficits. […] The most serious complication of IgAV is kidney involvement, which occurs in 50% of older children but is serious in only approximately 10% of patients.

• #35 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  A nonmigratory arthritis occurs in 75 percent of patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. The knees and ankles are more commonly involved than small joints. The arthritis symptoms include swelling, warmth, and tenderness. The symptoms are transient, leave no deformity, and may precede the purpuric rash in 15 to 25 percent of patients. […] Abdominal pain occurs in 60 to 65 percent of patients, and may mimic an acute abdomen in terms of severity. The pain is typically colicky, and occurs about one week after the onset of the rash. Vomiting and gastrointestinal bleeding (occult and gross) will develop in 30 percent of patients. In rare cases, gastrointestinal hemorrhage may be severe. Intussusception may also occur, with a mural hematoma serving as the lead point for bowel telescoping. […] Renal disease is the most serious sequela of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, occurring in 40 to 50 percent of patients. Although death from Henoch-Schönlein purpura is rare, renal disease is the leading cause of death in these patients. Risk of renal disease is greatest in persons older than 10 years with persistent purpura, severe abdominal pain, or relapsing episodes. Unlike abdominal pain or arthritis that may precede the rash, renal disease is a late sequela. It usually starts within the first month and rarely occurs more than six months after the illness begins. Signs of Henoch-Schönlein purpura-associated renal disease are microscopic hematuria, red cell casts, and proteinuria. Renal disease will spontaneously remit in most patients. However, progressive glomerulonephritis may develop; patients with persistent proteinuria are at the highest risk of this complication.

• #36 Henoch–Schönlein purpura – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoch%E2%80%93Sch%C3%B6nlein_purpura

  The purpura typically appear on the legs and buttocks, but may also be seen on the arms, face and trunk. The abdominal pain is colicky in character, and may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea. […] Forty percent have evidence of kidney involvement, mainly in the form of hematuria (blood in the urine), but only a quarter will have this in sufficient quantities to be noticeable without laboratory tests. […] Of the 40% of patients who develop kidney involvement, almost all have evidence (visible or on urinalysis) of blood in the urine. More than half also have proteinuria (protein in the urine), which in one eighth is severe enough to cause nephrotic syndrome (generalised swelling due to low protein content of the blood). […] Hypertension (high blood pressure) may occur. Protein loss and high blood pressure, as well as the features on biopsy of the kidney if performed, may predict progression to advanced kidney disease. Adults are more likely than children to develop advanced kidney disease.

• #37 IgA vasculitis | infoKID

  https://infokid.org.uk/conditions/iga-vasculitis/

  When the kidneys are affected, there may be other symptoms and signs: blood in the urine (haematuria) you cannot always see the blood, but if there is a lot, the urine may be coloured red or dark brown (like a cola drink), protein in the urine (proteinuria) you cannot usually see the protein, though it can be found on a simple urine test, sometimes, urinating less often or passing smaller amounts. […] In most children, the symptoms and signs of IgA vasculitis go away within one month, though some children will have problems for three months or even longer. The purpura on the skin disappears and usually does not leave any scars and the joint pain and tummy pain go away. This is called remission. […] In a few children, the symptoms and signs come back, usually within one year. This is called a relapse. These children may need further treatment.

• #38 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  A nonmigratory arthritis occurs in 75 percent of patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. The knees and ankles are more commonly involved than small joints. The arthritis symptoms include swelling, warmth, and tenderness. The symptoms are transient, leave no deformity, and may precede the purpuric rash in 15 to 25 percent of patients. […] Abdominal pain occurs in 60 to 65 percent of patients, and may mimic an acute abdomen in terms of severity. The pain is typically colicky, and occurs about one week after the onset of the rash. Vomiting and gastrointestinal bleeding (occult and gross) will develop in 30 percent of patients. In rare cases, gastrointestinal hemorrhage may be severe. Intussusception may also occur, with a mural hematoma serving as the lead point for bowel telescoping. […] Renal disease is the most serious sequela of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, occurring in 40 to 50 percent of patients. Although death from Henoch-Schönlein purpura is rare, renal disease is the leading cause of death in these patients. Risk of renal disease is greatest in persons older than 10 years with persistent purpura, severe abdominal pain, or relapsing episodes. Unlike abdominal pain or arthritis that may precede the rash, renal disease is a late sequela. It usually starts within the first month and rarely occurs more than six months after the illness begins. Signs of Henoch-Schönlein purpura-associated renal disease are microscopic hematuria, red cell casts, and proteinuria. Renal disease will spontaneously remit in most patients. However, progressive glomerulonephritis may develop; patients with persistent proteinuria are at the highest risk of this complication.

• #39 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura : Johns Hopkins Vasculitis CenterFacebookTwitterYouTube

  https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/henochschnlein-purpura/

  In many fewer cases, primarily in adults, HSP can progress from hematuria (blood in the urine) to renal insufficiency (decreased kidney function). HSP patients who experience this symptom should be followed more closely, with regular testing of their urine for blood and protein. Recurrences, found in 33% of patients, usually develop within the first few months after resolution of the first bout.

• #40 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  About one third of children diagnosed with Henoch-Schönlein purpura will develop recurrent symptoms of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, although most recurrent episodes are less severe than the initial episode. However, recurrent episodes of Henoch-Schönlein purpura can last up to a year after the initial diagnosis. […] Common symptoms include: Purpura: hemorrhage (bleeding) into the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs, Pain and inflammation of the joints, Abdominal pain, Gastrointestinal bleeding at any place along the GI tract — mouth, esophagus, stomach, or intestines, Inflammation of the kidneys (nephritis), Swelling just below the skin (subcutaneous edema), Dysfunction of the brain (encephalopathy), Inflammation of the testicles (orchitis), Bleeding from the lungs. […] About a third of children with HSP will experience a recurrence of symptoms within the first year after disease onset. In most cases, the recurrence is less severe and lasts a shorter period of time than the initial onset of symptoms. […] In rare cases, HSP can lead to permanent damage to the kidneys, which may require life-long management by a nephrologist.

• #41 Henoch-Schönlein purpura: Causes, symptoms, and treatmentMedical News Today

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318948

  Leaking blood vessels in the skin cause a rash, which usually appears as small red or purple dots that begin to resemble bruises over time. […] The rash usually occurs on the legs, arms, or buttocks. Later, it may spread to the chest, back and face. The appearance of the rash does not change, get lighter, or disappear when it is pressed. The rash is characteristic of HSP and occurs in all cases. […] HSP can cause vomiting and abdominal pain, and blood may appear in the stool. Abdominal cramps and pain are usually worse at night. […] Pain and swelling may occur in the knee and ankle joints, but it can also occur in the elbows and wrists. […] Blood in the urine is an indication that HSP has affected the kidneys. Protein in the urine or high blood pressure can suggest more severe kidney problems. […] The HSP can affect the central nervous system, which can result in people experiencing headaches, convulsions, and seizures. It can also affect the brain’s ability to gather and interpret information. […] Some boys and men with HSP experience swollen testicles.

• #42 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein Purpura) Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984105-clinical

  Arthralgias occur in 60-84% of patients with IgAV and are the presenting complaint in approximately 25% of children. […] Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is a skin-limited variant of IgAV that usually occurs in infants aged 4-24 months, often after drug ingestion or infection. […] Scrotal involvement is not uncommon in IgAV and may mimic testicular torsion, which must be excluded. […] In women with IgAV, gynecologic symptoms can include painful menstruation. […] IgAV can be accompanied by neurologic manifestations, particularly headaches. […] Other neurologic manifestations of IgAV include altered mental status, apathy, hyperactivity, irritability, mood lability, somnolence, seizures, and focal deficits. […] The most serious complication of IgAV is kidney involvement, which occurs in 50% of older children but is serious in only approximately 10% of patients.

• #43 Henoch-Schonlein purpura | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a short-term inflammation of certain blood vessels (vasculitis) thought to be triggered by a malfunction of the immune system. […] Symptoms include a purple spotted skin rash, abdominal pain and gastrointestinal upsets such as diarrhoea. […] Generally, the older the person is, the more severe the symptoms will be. […] The condition typically lasts around one to four weeks, and is often marked by relapses. […] Common symptoms of HSP include: Purple spotted skin rash (caused by bleeding into the skin), usually over the buttocks and legs. Rash may not be present on initial presentation, Painful joints, especially knees and ankles, Fluid retention (oedema) affecting the hands and feet, Abdominal pain and vomiting, Diarrhoea, sometimes bloody, Scrotal oedema in boys. […] In most cases, the symptoms disappear by themselves within one to four weeks.

• #44 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura | KidsHealth New Zealand’s Trusted Voice On Children’s Health

  https://www.kidshealth.org.nz/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  This can come and go and in some cases can be severe. […] This happens because of inflammation of the blood vessels in the bowel. This can be a sign of more serious problems (such as an abnormal folding of the bowel called intussusception). […] This happens because of inflammation of blood vessels in the kidney. Serious kidney problems don’t happen very often, but they can happen. […] Many tamariki with HSP also have swelling over the backs of their feet and hands, and the scrotum in boys. […] The illness lasts 4 to 6 weeks in most tamariki. The rash (purpura) changes from red to purple, becomes rust-coloured and then fades completely. […] About 3% of tamariki with HSP can get it again, usually within 4 months of the first illness. If your child gets HSP again, it’s usually milder and shorter. Tamariki whose kidneys were affected are more likely to get HSP again. […] Most people with HSP get better over time without treatment and have no long-term problems. About 5% of tamariki with HSP develop long-term kidney disease (called glomerulonephritis).

• #45 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura is a self-limited illness that demonstrates no clinical sequelae in most patients without renal involvement. Most patients recover fully within four weeks. Recurrences of Henoch-Schönlein purpura occur in up to one third of patients within the first six months after onset and are more common in patients with renal involvement. Long-term prognosis depends on the severity of renal involvement; end-stage renal disease occurs in 1 to 5 percent of patients.

• #46 Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura

  https://www.printo.it/pediatric-rheumatology/IE/info/8/Henoch-Schoenlein-Purpura

  The entire course of the disease is about 4-6 weeks. Half of children with HSP have at least one recurrence within a 6-week period, which is usually briefer and milder than the first episode. Relapses rarely last longer. A recurrence is not indicative of the severity of the disease. The majority of patients recover completely.

• #47 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  About one third of children diagnosed with Henoch-Schönlein purpura will develop recurrent symptoms of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, although most recurrent episodes are less severe than the initial episode. However, recurrent episodes of Henoch-Schönlein purpura can last up to a year after the initial diagnosis. […] Common symptoms include: Purpura: hemorrhage (bleeding) into the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs, Pain and inflammation of the joints, Abdominal pain, Gastrointestinal bleeding at any place along the GI tract — mouth, esophagus, stomach, or intestines, Inflammation of the kidneys (nephritis), Swelling just below the skin (subcutaneous edema), Dysfunction of the brain (encephalopathy), Inflammation of the testicles (orchitis), Bleeding from the lungs. […] About a third of children with HSP will experience a recurrence of symptoms within the first year after disease onset. In most cases, the recurrence is less severe and lasts a shorter period of time than the initial onset of symptoms. […] In rare cases, HSP can lead to permanent damage to the kidneys, which may require life-long management by a nephrologist.

• #48 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura : Johns Hopkins Vasculitis CenterFacebookTwitterYouTube

  https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/henochschnlein-purpura/

  In many fewer cases, primarily in adults, HSP can progress from hematuria (blood in the urine) to renal insufficiency (decreased kidney function). HSP patients who experience this symptom should be followed more closely, with regular testing of their urine for blood and protein. Recurrences, found in 33% of patients, usually develop within the first few months after resolution of the first bout.

• #49 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura | KidsHealth New Zealand’s Trusted Voice On Children’s Health

  https://www.kidshealth.org.nz/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  This can come and go and in some cases can be severe. […] This happens because of inflammation of the blood vessels in the bowel. This can be a sign of more serious problems (such as an abnormal folding of the bowel called intussusception). […] This happens because of inflammation of blood vessels in the kidney. Serious kidney problems don’t happen very often, but they can happen. […] Many tamariki with HSP also have swelling over the backs of their feet and hands, and the scrotum in boys. […] The illness lasts 4 to 6 weeks in most tamariki. The rash (purpura) changes from red to purple, becomes rust-coloured and then fades completely. […] About 3% of tamariki with HSP can get it again, usually within 4 months of the first illness. If your child gets HSP again, it’s usually milder and shorter. Tamariki whose kidneys were affected are more likely to get HSP again. […] Most people with HSP get better over time without treatment and have no long-term problems. About 5% of tamariki with HSP develop long-term kidney disease (called glomerulonephritis).

• #50 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura is a self-limited illness that demonstrates no clinical sequelae in most patients without renal involvement. Most patients recover fully within four weeks. Recurrences of Henoch-Schönlein purpura occur in up to one third of patients within the first six months after onset and are more common in patients with renal involvement. Long-term prognosis depends on the severity of renal involvement; end-stage renal disease occurs in 1 to 5 percent of patients.

• #51 Atypical clinical course of Henoch-Schönlein purpura

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2515239/

  Henoch-Schnlein purpura (HSP) is a rare nonthrombocytopenic lgAmediated small-vessel vasculitis of autoimmune hypersensitivity. […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura mainly affects children, with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. In children the prognosis is good, as HSP typically resolves rapidly and without complication. In adults and infants younger than 2 years of age, however, HSP tends to have atypical clinical presentations; a higher rate of severe, atypical gastrointestinal problems; and delayed renal complications. […] When there is palpable purpura, gastrointestinal symptoms, and arthralgia, with or without hematuria or proteinuria, the diagnosis of HSP is relatively simple. Atypical presentations, severe and varied complications, and recurrences are more common in adults and children younger than 2 years of age.

• #52 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura : Johns Hopkins Vasculitis CenterFacebookTwitterYouTube

  https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/henochschnlein-purpura/

  HSP is usually self-limited. Therefore, treatment is not indicated in all cases, and full recovery is the rule. […] HSP is more common in children than adults, but has a tendency to be more severe when it occurs in adults. […] In a small minority of cases, HSP can cause severe kidney or bowel disease. […] The tetrad of purpura, arthritis, kidney inflammation, and abdominal pain is often observed. However, all four elements of this tetrad are not required for diagnosis. […] More than 90% of cases occur in children. The disease usually resolves within a few weeks. However, adult cases are sometimes more difficult. […] Adults are more prone to permanent kidney damage. However, patients can take some comfort in knowing that fewer than 5% of patients with HSP develop progressive renal insufficiency.

• #53 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and TreatmentsHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  Joint pain and GI symptoms can start up to 2 weeks before the rash appears. […] Sometimes, this disease can permanently damage the kidneys. […] More than 90 percent of HSP cases are in children, especially those between the ages of 2 and 6. The disease tends to be milder in kids than in adults. Adults are more likely to have pus-filled sores in their rash. They also get kidney damage more often with the condition. […] In children, HSP usually gets better within a few weeks. Symptoms can last longer in adults. […] Most of the time, Henoch-Schönlein purpura gets better on its own within a month. However, the disease can reoccur. […] HSP can cause complications. Adults can develop kidney damage that may be severe enough to require dialysis or a kidney transplant. Rarely, a section of the bowel can collapse in on itself and cause a blockage. This is called intussusception, and it can be serious.

• #54 Atypical clinical course of Henoch-Schönlein purpura

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2515239/

  The typical rash of HSP is palpable and purpuric, and has a distinctive distribution and morphology. It initially appears as maculopapular erythematous lesions, 1 to 10 mm in diameter, which quickly coalesce into palpable, purpuric, and ecchymotic lesions. […] Renal involvement rarely precedes the appearance of the purpura and usually occurs within the first 3 weeks of the illness. It ranges from isolated microscopic hematuria, proteinuria, or nephriticnephrotic syndrome to acute, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. […] Adults and children younger than 2 years of age are more likely to present with atypical symptoms and signs, as well as severe complications.

• #55 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/henoch-schonlein-purpura.html

  There is no treatment for HSP. HSP may eventually go away or become a chronic condition. You may need medicine to manage your symptoms. This may include medicine to decrease swelling, pain, or fever. It may also include medicine to stop your immune system from attacking your blood vessels. […] Your kidneys may be damaged if HSP attacks the blood vessels in your kidneys. The damage may get better with treatment or may lead to kidney failure. HSP may cause your bowel to fold into itself and become blocked. You may need surgery to fix this problem. HSP can cause life-threatening bleeding in your intestines or brain. Women with a history of HSP are at risk for high blood pressure and kidney problems during pregnancy.

• #56 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura : Johns Hopkins Vasculitis CenterFacebookTwitterYouTube

  https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/henochschnlein-purpura/

  HSP is usually self-limited. Therefore, treatment is not indicated in all cases, and full recovery is the rule. […] HSP is more common in children than adults, but has a tendency to be more severe when it occurs in adults. […] In a small minority of cases, HSP can cause severe kidney or bowel disease. […] The tetrad of purpura, arthritis, kidney inflammation, and abdominal pain is often observed. However, all four elements of this tetrad are not required for diagnosis. […] More than 90% of cases occur in children. The disease usually resolves within a few weeks. However, adult cases are sometimes more difficult. […] Adults are more prone to permanent kidney damage. However, patients can take some comfort in knowing that fewer than 5% of patients with HSP develop progressive renal insufficiency.

• #57 GiKids – Henoch Schonlein Purpura

  https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/henoch-schonlein-purpura/

  About half of kids with HSP will report belly pain, nausea, or vomiting. They may have blood in their stool or develop intussusception. Intussusception occurs when the intestine “telescopes” or one portion slides into another and becomes stuck. This can cause abdominal pain. The pain is often described as crampy and severe. […] Rarely, patients can have severe belly pain from their pancreas becoming inflamed (pancreatitis) or a hole (ulcer) in their intestine developing. Decreased appetite is common with either of these conditions. With pancreatitis, patients often have intense vomiting. Their pain is often located in the middle of their belly, just below where the ribs end. If patients have a hole in their intestine, they will have severe belly pain and may develop a fever. Some children may have low protein levels because their protein is being lost through the inflamed gastrointestinal tract.

• #58 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and TreatmentsHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  Joint pain and GI symptoms can start up to 2 weeks before the rash appears. […] Sometimes, this disease can permanently damage the kidneys. […] More than 90 percent of HSP cases are in children, especially those between the ages of 2 and 6. The disease tends to be milder in kids than in adults. Adults are more likely to have pus-filled sores in their rash. They also get kidney damage more often with the condition. […] In children, HSP usually gets better within a few weeks. Symptoms can last longer in adults. […] Most of the time, Henoch-Schönlein purpura gets better on its own within a month. However, the disease can reoccur. […] HSP can cause complications. Adults can develop kidney damage that may be severe enough to require dialysis or a kidney transplant. Rarely, a section of the bowel can collapse in on itself and cause a blockage. This is called intussusception, and it can be serious.

• #59 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura is a self-limited illness that demonstrates no clinical sequelae in most patients without renal involvement. Most patients recover fully within four weeks. Recurrences of Henoch-Schönlein purpura occur in up to one third of patients within the first six months after onset and are more common in patients with renal involvement. Long-term prognosis depends on the severity of renal involvement; end-stage renal disease occurs in 1 to 5 percent of patients.

• #60 IgA vasculitis | infoKID

  https://infokid.org.uk/conditions/iga-vasculitis/

  Some children continue to have haematuria (blood in their urine) this usually cannot be seen but is picked up on a urine test. Up to 15 children in 100 continue to have proteinuria (protein in the urine) one year after the initial episode of IgA vasculitis they will need to be monitored. […] A small number of children (less than 5 in 100) with IgA vasculitis have long-term problems with their kidneys this is called chronic kidney disease (CKD). Their kidneys stop working as well as they should this happens slowly over many years.

• #61 Henoch–Schönlein purpura – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoch%E2%80%93Sch%C3%B6nlein_purpura

  In adults, kidney involvement progresses to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) more often than in children. […] About 20% of children that exhibit nephrotic or nephritic features experience long permanent renal impairment. […] The findings on renal biopsy correlate with the severity of symptoms: those with asymptomatic hematuria may only have focal mesangial proliferation while those with proteinuria may have marked cellular proliferation or even crescent formation. The number of crescentic glomeruli is an important prognostic factor in determining whether the patient will develop chronic renal disease.

• #62 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein Purpura): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984105-overview

  The dominant clinical features of IgAV include cutaneous purpura, arthritis, abdominal pain, and nephritis. These manifestations may develop over the course of days to weeks and may vary in their order of presentation. […] Kidney involvement is the most important determinant of long-term morbidity. Up to 30-50% of children present with hematuria and/or proteinuria, or develop it within 4-6 weeks of the initial presentation. […] The long-term prognosis for patients with IgAV nephritis is determined by the development of CKD, which sometimes is difficult to predict from the initial clinical and histologic presentation. CKD can develop long-term even after apparent complete recovery from IgAV nephritis.

• #63 When Your Child Has Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) 

  http://healthlibrary.reading.towerhealth.org/MentalHealth/3,90967

  Most children with HSP recover fully. But some children may have kidney damage. For this reason it’s important for a child with HSP to have repeat urine tests and to measure their blood pressure often. This should be done for a few weeks or months after diagnosis, even if there’s no early evidence of kidney damage. In rare cases, a child may have kidney failure. Women who’ve had HSP as a child have a higher risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia).

• #64 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  A nonmigratory arthritis occurs in 75 percent of patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. The knees and ankles are more commonly involved than small joints. The arthritis symptoms include swelling, warmth, and tenderness. The symptoms are transient, leave no deformity, and may precede the purpuric rash in 15 to 25 percent of patients. […] Abdominal pain occurs in 60 to 65 percent of patients, and may mimic an acute abdomen in terms of severity. The pain is typically colicky, and occurs about one week after the onset of the rash. Vomiting and gastrointestinal bleeding (occult and gross) will develop in 30 percent of patients. In rare cases, gastrointestinal hemorrhage may be severe. Intussusception may also occur, with a mural hematoma serving as the lead point for bowel telescoping. […] Renal disease is the most serious sequela of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, occurring in 40 to 50 percent of patients. Although death from Henoch-Schönlein purpura is rare, renal disease is the leading cause of death in these patients. Risk of renal disease is greatest in persons older than 10 years with persistent purpura, severe abdominal pain, or relapsing episodes. Unlike abdominal pain or arthritis that may precede the rash, renal disease is a late sequela. It usually starts within the first month and rarely occurs more than six months after the illness begins. Signs of Henoch-Schönlein purpura-associated renal disease are microscopic hematuria, red cell casts, and proteinuria. Renal disease will spontaneously remit in most patients. However, progressive glomerulonephritis may develop; patients with persistent proteinuria are at the highest risk of this complication.

• #65 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/henoch-schonlein-purpura-pro

  Joint pain, especially in the knees and ankles. Joints may also be swollen and tender but permanent deformity does not occur. Renal involvement affects approximately 40% of children affected with HSP. One study found that female sex and high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were risk factors for renal involvement in HSP. Only a small minority progresses to end-stage kidney disease. Usually occurs within three months of disease onset. There is usually no relationship between the severity of nephritis and the extent of the other manifestations of HSP. Microscopic haematuria with mild-to-moderate proteinuria may occur. Nephrotic syndrome may also occur. Oliguria and hypertension are uncommon. […] The classic tetrad is a palpable purpuric rash, joint pains, gastrointestinal symptoms and renal involvement. HSP spontaneously resolves in 94% of children and 89% of adults. However, a subset of patients experience renal involvement that can persist and relapse years later. Long-term prognosis depends on the extent of renal involvement.

• #66 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | Consultant360

  https://www.consultant360.com/articles/henoch-sch-nlein-purpura-1

  The classic tetrad of HSP symptoms includes palpable purpura without thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy, arthritis, abdominal pain, and renal involvement. […] Abdominal pain (colicky in nature, worse with food) is the most common symptom of GI tract involvement and occurs in up to 70% of cases. […] Joint involvement is seen in up to two-thirds of HSP cases. Typically, nonmigratory, nondestructive polyarthralgias occur, which are symmetric in distribution and mostly involve the knees and ankles. […] Renal involvement is usually noted within a few days to 1 month after the onset of systemic symptoms, with most patients developing renal involvement within 3 months of skin manifestations. […] Hematuria is the most common symptom and is the earliest sign of renal involvement. Persistent proteinuria and hematuria predict the development of ESRD. Renal involvement is the most important prognostic factor in determining morbidity and mortality from HSP. Most cases of HSP nephritis resolve spontaneously; only 5% progress to chronic ESRD at 5 years.

• #67 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein Purpura): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984105-overview

  The dominant clinical features of IgAV include cutaneous purpura, arthritis, abdominal pain, and nephritis. These manifestations may develop over the course of days to weeks and may vary in their order of presentation. […] Kidney involvement is the most important determinant of long-term morbidity. Up to 30-50% of children present with hematuria and/or proteinuria, or develop it within 4-6 weeks of the initial presentation. […] The long-term prognosis for patients with IgAV nephritis is determined by the development of CKD, which sometimes is difficult to predict from the initial clinical and histologic presentation. CKD can develop long-term even after apparent complete recovery from IgAV nephritis.

• #68 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hsp.html

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HEH-nok SHOON-line PURR-pyuh-ruh) is a condition that makes small blood vessels get swollen and irritated. This inflammation is called vasculitis (vas-kyuh-LY-tis). It usually affects blood vessels in the skin, joints, intestines, and kidneys. […] The most common sign of Henoch-Schönlein purpura is a purplish rash, which looks like bruising. It happens in all cases of HSP, usually on the lower legs and buttocks. It also can appear on the arms, face, and trunk. […] Kids also might have: pain and swelling in the joints, usually about 1–2 weeks before the rash starts. The knee and ankle joints are usually affected. […] Symptoms of Henoch-Schönlein purpura usually last for about a month. […] The kidneys can be affected in up to half of kids with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. In most cases, this is mild and clears up without treatment. But a few children will develop kidney failure. […] Most children with HSP fully recover within a month and have no long-term problems.

• #69 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a form of vasculitis, a condition that involves inflammation of the blood vessels. It can affect any organ of the body. […] Patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura develop a characteristic bruise-like rash on their arms and/or legs. In most cases, the condition does not require treatment; it will resolve on its own and the child will recover completely. […] However, some children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura will develop arthritis and abdominal pain. These children can be treated with pain control medications. […] The most serious potential complication of Henoch-Schönlein purpura is kidney damage — which can be irreversible. For this reason, children with HSP should be carefully monitored for the first 6 months after diagnosis. Testing should include regular blood pressure checks and urine analysis.

• #70 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/henoch-schonlein-purpura-pro

  Joint pain, especially in the knees and ankles. Joints may also be swollen and tender but permanent deformity does not occur. Renal involvement affects approximately 40% of children affected with HSP. One study found that female sex and high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were risk factors for renal involvement in HSP. Only a small minority progresses to end-stage kidney disease. Usually occurs within three months of disease onset. There is usually no relationship between the severity of nephritis and the extent of the other manifestations of HSP. Microscopic haematuria with mild-to-moderate proteinuria may occur. Nephrotic syndrome may also occur. Oliguria and hypertension are uncommon. […] The classic tetrad is a palpable purpuric rash, joint pains, gastrointestinal symptoms and renal involvement. HSP spontaneously resolves in 94% of children and 89% of adults. However, a subset of patients experience renal involvement that can persist and relapse years later. Long-term prognosis depends on the extent of renal involvement.

• #71 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura : Johns Hopkins Vasculitis CenterFacebookTwitterYouTube

  https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/henochschnlein-purpura/

  HSP is usually self-limited. Therefore, treatment is not indicated in all cases, and full recovery is the rule. […] HSP is more common in children than adults, but has a tendency to be more severe when it occurs in adults. […] In a small minority of cases, HSP can cause severe kidney or bowel disease. […] The tetrad of purpura, arthritis, kidney inflammation, and abdominal pain is often observed. However, all four elements of this tetrad are not required for diagnosis. […] More than 90% of cases occur in children. The disease usually resolves within a few weeks. However, adult cases are sometimes more difficult. […] Adults are more prone to permanent kidney damage. However, patients can take some comfort in knowing that fewer than 5% of patients with HSP develop progressive renal insufficiency.

• #72 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a form of vasculitis, a condition that involves inflammation of the blood vessels. It can affect any organ of the body. […] Patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura develop a characteristic bruise-like rash on their arms and/or legs. In most cases, the condition does not require treatment; it will resolve on its own and the child will recover completely. […] However, some children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura will develop arthritis and abdominal pain. These children can be treated with pain control medications. […] The most serious potential complication of Henoch-Schönlein purpura is kidney damage — which can be irreversible. For this reason, children with HSP should be carefully monitored for the first 6 months after diagnosis. Testing should include regular blood pressure checks and urine analysis.

• #73 Henoch-Schönlein purpura Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/henoch-sch-nlein-purpura

  IgA vasculitis is a disease that involves purple spots on the skin, joint pain, gastrointestinal problems, and glomerulonephritis (a type of kidney disorder). It is also known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). […] Symptoms and features of IgA vasculitis may include: Purple spots on the skin (purpura). This occurs in nearly all children with the condition. This most often occurs over the buttocks, lower legs, and elbows. Abdominal pain. Joint pain. Abnormal urine (may have no symptoms). Diarrhea, sometimes bloody. Hives or angioedema. Nausea and vomiting. Swelling and pain in the scrotum of boys. Headache. […] The disease most often gets better on its own. Two thirds of children with IgA vasculitis have only one episode. One third of children have more episodes. People should have close medical follow-up for 6 months after episodes to look for signs of kidney disease. Adults have a greater risk of developing chronic kidney disease.

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