Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Henoch-Schonlein purpura – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/henoch-schonlein-purpura/symptoms-causes/syc-20354040

  Henoch-Schonlein purpura (also known as IgA vasculitis) is a disorder that causes the small blood vessels in your skin, joints, intestines and kidneys to become inflamed and bleed. […] Henoch-Schonlein purpura can affect anyone, but it’s most common in children under 10. The condition usually improves on its own. Medical care is generally needed if the disorder affects the kidneys. […] See your doctor if you have Henoch-Schonlein purpura and it’s causing serious problems with your digestive tract. […] If your child develops the rash associated with this condition, see your doctor as soon as possible. […] In Henoch-Schonlein purpura, some of the body’s small blood vessels become inflamed, which can cause bleeding in the skin, abdomen and kidneys. […] Factors that increase the risk of developing Henoch-Schonlein purpura include: Age. The disease mainly affects children younger than 10. […] Complications associated with Henoch-Schonlein purpura include: Kidney damage. The most serious complication of Henoch-Schonlein purpura is kidney damage. This risk is greater in adults than in children.

• #2 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537252/

  IgA vasculitis, formerly known as Henoch-Schnlein purpura, is a complex immune-mediated vasculitis characterized by the involvement of small blood vessels in various organ systems. […] This activity explores the immunological basis of IgA vasculitis, including the role of IgA immune complexes in small vessel inflammation; the clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria; assessment and monitoring recommendations; treatment strategies; and the crucial role of the interprofessional team in improving the care and outcomes of patients with this condition. […] Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV), formerly Henoch-Schnlein purpura, involves the small vessels of the joints, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. […] It is an acute IgA-mediated disorder typically self-limited and managed with supportive care; however, serious complications, such as renal failure, can occur.

• #3 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a form of vasculitis, a condition that involves inflammation of the blood vessels. It can affect any organ of the body. […] HSP is the most common form of vasculitis in childhood and affects about 20 in 100,000 children. It occurs most commonly in children ages 2-6, although it can occur at any age. […] Patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura develop a characteristic bruise-like rash on their arms and/or legs. In most cases, the condition does not require treatment; it will resolve on its own and the child will recover completely. […] However, some children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura will develop arthritis and abdominal pain. These children can be treated with pain control medications. […] The most serious potential complication of Henoch-Schönlein purpura is kidney damage — which can be irreversible. For this reason, children with HSP should be carefully monitored for the first 6 months after diagnosis. Testing should include regular blood pressure checks and urine analysis.

• #4 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura : Johns Hopkins Vasculitis CenterFacebookTwitterYouTube

  https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/henochschnlein-purpura/

  HSP is usually self-limited. Therefore, treatment is not indicated in all cases, and full recovery is the rule. […] HSP is more common in children than adults, but has a tendency to be more severe when it occurs in adults. […] In a small minority of cases, HSP can cause severe kidney or bowel disease. […] The tetrad of purpura, arthritis, kidney inflammation, and abdominal pain is often observed. However, all four elements of this tetrad are not required for diagnosis. […] More than 90% of cases occur in children. The disease usually resolves within a few weeks. However, adult cases are sometimes more difficult. […] Adults are more prone to permanent kidney damage. However, patients can take some comfort in knowing that fewer than 5% of patients with HSP develop progressive renal insufficiency.

• #5 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hsp.html

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HEH-nok SHOON-line PURR-pyuh-ruh) is a condition that makes small blood vessels get swollen and irritated. This inflammation is called vasculitis (vas-kyuh-LY-tis). It usually affects blood vessels in the skin, joints, intestines, and kidneys. […] Most children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) fully recover within a few weeks with no long-term problems. […] HSP happens when the immune system doesn’t work as it should. A protein called immunoglobulin A (IgA) that normally works to fight infections gets deposited in the blood vessels. This leads to the vasculitis. […] The most common sign of Henoch-Schönlein purpura is a purplish rash, which looks like bruising. It happens in all cases of HSP, usually on the lower legs and buttocks. It also can appear on the arms, face, and trunk.

• #6 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://deprod.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=henoch-schnlein-purpura-hsp-in-children-90-P01718

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a condition that involves swelling (inflammation) of small blood vessels. The swollen blood vessels leak into the skin, joints, intestines, and kidneys. HSP is seen most often in children between ages 2 and 6. It occurs more often in boys. The disease can happen in siblings of the same family. Most children with HSP recover fully. But some children may have kidney problems. […] HSP is an autoimmune disorder. This is when the body’s immune system attacks the body’s own cells and organs. With HSP, this immune response may be caused by an upper respiratory tract infection. Other immune triggers may include an allergic reaction, medicine, injury, or being out in cold weather. […] Treatment will depend on your child’s symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is. Treatments for HSP may include: Making sure your child drinks enough fluids, Making sure your child eats a healthy diet, Taking medicines such as acetaminophen to help ease pain, Taking glucocorticoids to control inflammation, Taking blood pressure medicine to lower blood pressure if needed, Natural supplements such as fish oil and antioxidants may help.

• #7 Caring for a child with Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP) – Alder Hey Children’s Hospital Trust

  https://www.alderhey.nhs.uk/conditions/patient-information-leaflets/caring-for-a-child-with-henoch-schonlein-purpura-hsp/

  Henoch Schönlein Purpura (usually known as HSP) is an unusual disease, the exact cause is not known. It sometimes occurs after viral infection and is rare in adults. It is not an infectious condition. The disease causes inflammation of small blood vessels in the body. In the skin a bruising type rash is shown, most commonly on the legs, buttocks or forearms. It can also cause stomach pain and sore swollen joints. If the disease affects the kidneys it can cause blood to appear in the urine. […] In most cases the disease settles down in about two to three weeks and apart from rest and pain relief, no specific treatment is required. A very small number of children may develop kidney problems, so testing your child’s urine for blood is very important. If your child is feeling well and not complaining of any joint or stomach pain then there is no reason why they should not continue their usual activities.

• #8 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://deprod.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=henoch-schnlein-purpura-hsp-in-children-90-P01718

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a condition that involves swelling (inflammation) of small blood vessels. The swollen blood vessels leak into the skin, joints, intestines, and kidneys. HSP is seen most often in children between ages 2 and 6. It occurs more often in boys. The disease can happen in siblings of the same family. Most children with HSP recover fully. But some children may have kidney problems. […] HSP is an autoimmune disorder. This is when the body’s immune system attacks the body’s own cells and organs. With HSP, this immune response may be caused by an upper respiratory tract infection. Other immune triggers may include an allergic reaction, medicine, injury, or being out in cold weather. […] Treatment will depend on your child’s symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is. Treatments for HSP may include: Making sure your child drinks enough fluids, Making sure your child eats a healthy diet, Taking medicines such as acetaminophen to help ease pain, Taking glucocorticoids to control inflammation, Taking blood pressure medicine to lower blood pressure if needed, Natural supplements such as fish oil and antioxidants may help.

• #9 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura is an acute, systemic, immune complex-mediated, leukocytoclastic vasculitis. It is characterized by a clinical triad of palpable purpura (without thrombocytopenia), abdominal pain, and arthritis. Glomerulonephritis and gastrointestinal bleeding are common complications. […] Early oral prednisone treatment at 1 to 2 mg per kg daily for two weeks reduces the intensity of joint and abdominal pain from Henoch-Schönlein purpura in children. […] Early prednisone treatment for Henoch-Schönlein purpura does not prevent renal disease, although it is effective in treating renal involvement and reduces the odds of developing persistent renal disease in children. […] Early prednisone treatment reduces the mean resolution time of abdominal pain from Henoch-Schönlein purpura in children.

• #10 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura : Johns Hopkins Vasculitis CenterFacebookTwitterYouTube

  https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/henochschnlein-purpura/

  HSP is usually self-limited. Therefore, treatment is not indicated in all cases, and full recovery is the rule. […] HSP is more common in children than adults, but has a tendency to be more severe when it occurs in adults. […] In a small minority of cases, HSP can cause severe kidney or bowel disease. […] The tetrad of purpura, arthritis, kidney inflammation, and abdominal pain is often observed. However, all four elements of this tetrad are not required for diagnosis. […] More than 90% of cases occur in children. The disease usually resolves within a few weeks. However, adult cases are sometimes more difficult. […] Adults are more prone to permanent kidney damage. However, patients can take some comfort in knowing that fewer than 5% of patients with HSP develop progressive renal insufficiency.

• #11 Henoch-Schonlein purpura – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/henoch-schonlein-purpura/symptoms-causes/syc-20354040

  Henoch-Schonlein purpura (also known as IgA vasculitis) is a disorder that causes the small blood vessels in your skin, joints, intestines and kidneys to become inflamed and bleed. […] Henoch-Schonlein purpura can affect anyone, but it’s most common in children under 10. The condition usually improves on its own. Medical care is generally needed if the disorder affects the kidneys. […] See your doctor if you have Henoch-Schonlein purpura and it’s causing serious problems with your digestive tract. […] If your child develops the rash associated with this condition, see your doctor as soon as possible. […] In Henoch-Schonlein purpura, some of the body’s small blood vessels become inflamed, which can cause bleeding in the skin, abdomen and kidneys. […] Factors that increase the risk of developing Henoch-Schonlein purpura include: Age. The disease mainly affects children younger than 10. […] Complications associated with Henoch-Schonlein purpura include: Kidney damage. The most serious complication of Henoch-Schonlein purpura is kidney damage. This risk is greater in adults than in children.

• #12 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hsp.html

  Symptoms of Henoch-Schönlein purpura usually last for about a month. […] Most of the time, Henoch-Schönlein purpura improves on its own without treatment. Medical care is more likely to be needed if HSP involves the kidneys. […] A child with HSP who stops eating or drinking or gets severe belly pain or kidney problems might need treatment in a hospital. […] The kidneys can be affected in up to half of kids with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. In most cases, this is mild and clears up without treatment. But a few children will develop kidney failure. […] Most children with HSP fully recover within a month and have no long-term problems.

• #13 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537252/

  The classic presentation of IgA vasculitis includes palpable purpura, gastrointestinal complaints, arthralgias, and renal involvement. […] Patients may present with any of the following signs or symptoms: Rash, Fatigue, Headache, Fever, Joint pain, Subcutaneous edema, Diarrhea, Hematemesis, Abdominal pain, Vomiting, Rectal bleeding, Scrotal edema. […] Unless renal involvement is present, symptomatic and supportive care are the foundations of treatment for patients with IgAV. […] Acetaminophen or narcotics are often preferred for pain control over NSAIDs in the setting of GI or renal involvement. The presence of severe abdominal pain should support the use of prednisone or prednisolone in a tapered format. […] An essential aspect of the disease process is adequate follow-up with frequent urinalyses to screen for potential renal involvement. […] Patients treated with corticosteroids may require assistance from pharmacists regarding adequate therapeutic dosing and tapering. Patients with severe renal disease will need to see a nephrology team comprised of medical assistants, nurses, physicians, and rarely a transplant team.

• #14 Analysis of Nursing Effect of Children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Based on the PDCA Nursing Model

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8687780/

  By applying the PDCA model to the care of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura, the nursing process can be divided into four stages: planning, execution, inspection, and treatment. […] This paper studies the application of the PDCA nursing model in the nursing of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura and statistically analyzes the disappearance of skin rash, joint pain relief, disappearance of urine protein, disappearance of gastrointestinal symptoms, etc. Finally, this paper combines the experiment to evaluate the intervention effect of this nursing model and provides reference for the follow-up care of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. From the results of experimental research, it can be known that PDCA nursing can improve the comfort of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura, shorten the time for symptom disappearance, and speed up the recovery process.

• #15 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  Treatment options include high-dose steroids with immunosuppressants, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, and renal transplant. […] A blood pressure measurement and urinalysis should be performed at the time Henoch-Schönlein purpura is diagnosed and at each return physician office visit. […] If the initial urinalysis is normal, or if there is isolated hematuria (without nephritic or nephrotic syndrome), a monthly urinalysis should be performed for the first six months after the diagnosis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

• #16 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis): Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0815/p229.html

  Renal involvement should prompt nephrology consultation. […] Although corticosteroids were routinely used based on older studies, an appropriately powered 2013 double-blind, randomized trial comparing corticosteroids with placebo showed no benefit in reducing proteinuria 12 months after disease onset. […] Randomized trials have shown that joint and abdominal symptoms resolve 1.2 days faster in children who receive prednisone, 1 to 2 mg per kg. […] Immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., high-dose intravenous steroids) is often used for the treatment of glomerulonephritis with severe renal involvement. […] Factors predicting the need for hospitalization include orchitis, moderate or severe abdominal pain, arthritis in two or more joints, proteinuria, gastrointestinal bleeding, and inability to ambulate. […] Order urinalysis and measure creatinine and blood pressure at least monthly for patients with renal abnormalities at the time of diagnosis. […] The optimal frequency and length of follow-up is unclear; however, a six-month monitoring period is prudent.

• #17 Henoch Schönlein Purpura (HSP)

  https://rheumatology.org/patients/henoch-schonlein-purpura-hsp

  Henoch Schönlein Purpura (HSP) is a type of vasculitis, which means inflammation of the blood vessels. The exact cause of HSP is unknown and there is no specific test to diagnose it. In HSP, the person’s own immune system attacks blood vessels in the skin, intestines, joints, and kidneys. Inflammation in the blood vessel wall leads to bleeding into the skin, which causes a rash. […] Most children with HSP do not require any specific treatment and recover with time alone. Joint pain can often be controlled with rest and over-the-counter medications. Steroids given by mouth or through an IV infusion are typically given for severe abdominal pain. Many children with HSP can be treated by their primary care provider. […] One of the most important parts of HSP management is monitoring for kidney disease. Children with worsening urinary findings like high blood pressure or rising creatinine (a blood marker of kidney function) should be seen by a nephrologist (kidney doctor). A biopsy may be needed to assess for kidney disease. Some children with kidney involvement will need treatment with long-term immune suppressive medications to prevent kidney failure.

• #18 Caring for a child with Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP) – Alder Hey Children’s Hospital Trust

  https://www.alderhey.nhs.uk/conditions/patient-information-leaflets/caring-for-a-child-with-henoch-schonlein-purpura-hsp/

  The Integrated Children’s Community Nursing Team may check your child’s blood pressure and check their urine using a dipstix. […] Your child may complain of mild / moderate pain in their head, abdomen or joints. Paracetamol and/or Ibuprofen will help to make your child comfortable. Appropriate doses of pain relief will be prescribed and discussed with you before you take your child home. […] You can contact the nursing team with any concerns you may have but you must contact us if your child develops any of the following: Visible blood in their urine, Very black stools (poo) or blood in their stools, Difficulty in passing urine, Puffy appearance of their face, hands or feet, Severe stomach pain, Severe pain or swelling in their joints. […] This leaflet only gives general information. You must always discuss the individual treatment of your child with the appropriate member of staff. Do not rely on this leaflet alone for information about your child’s treatment.

• #19 Analysis of Nursing Effect of Children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Based on the PDCA Nursing Model

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8687780/

  In order to improve the nursing effect of children with HSP, this paper combines the PDCA nursing model to analyze the effect of nursing intervention for children with HSP and evaluate the intervention effect of this nursing model with experiments, so as to provide references for subsequent nursing of children with HSP. […] The results of this study showed that the comfort score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the rash subsided, joint pain was relieved, urine protein disappeared, and the disappearance of digestive tract symptoms was shorter than the control group. It can be seen that PDCA nursing can improve the comfort of children with HSP and shorten the time for symptoms to disappear. […] Therefore, controlling diet and preventing accidental consumption of allergic foods play an important role in improving clinical symptoms and preventing disease recurrence, while also ensuring the body’s nutritional balance. […] Therefore, it is possible to find an effective nursing path, improve the nursing plan, and improve the quality of nursing by analyzing the child’s condition, eating habits, and nursing problems.

• #20 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) in Children: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.henoch-schonlein-purpura-hsp-in-children-care-instructions.av2727

  Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) makes the small blood vessels in your child’s body swell. It can cause a red or purple rash on the legs and buttocks, joint pain, or belly pain. It may also be called IgA vasculitis. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your child’s treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if your child is having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your child’s test results and keep a list of the medicines your child takes. […] Give medicines as prescribed. […] Do not give a child with HSP anti-inflammatory medicines without talking to your doctor first. These medicines include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve). […] If the doctor prescribed steroid medicines, give them as directed. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: Your child has signs of needing more fluids. […] Watch closely for changes in your child’s health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: Your child has new joint pain, or the pain gets worse.

• #21 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP): Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.henoch-schonlein-purpura-hsp-care-instructions.av2723

  Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) makes the small blood vessels in your body swell. It can cause a red or purple rash on your legs and buttocks, joint pain, or belly pain. It may also be called IgA vasculitis. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Take your medicines as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Do not take anti-inflammatory medicines when you have HSP without talking to your doctor first. These medicines include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve). […] You can take acetaminophen (Tylenol) for pain. Read and follow all instructions on the label.

• #22 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  Hospitalization may be required when adequate outpatient monitoring is unavailable or if dehydration, hemorrhage, or pain control require inpatient management. Nephrology referral is recommended with significant renal involvement. […] Early steroid treatment is most appropriate for children with renal involvement or severe extrarenal symptoms. […] Oral prednisone at 1 to 2 mg per kg daily for two weeks has been used to treat moderate to severe abdominal and joint symptoms, and to hasten the resolution of Henoch-Schönlein purpura in children. […] A meta-analysis found that corticosteroid use in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura reduced the mean time to resolution of abdominal pain and decreased the odds of developing persistent renal disease. […] Early aggressive therapy is recommended for children and adults with severe renal involvement.

• #23 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein Purpura): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984105-overview

  IgA vasculitis (IgAV) previously known as Henoch-Schnlein purpura, although the eponymic name remains widely used is a systemic inflammation of small vessels caused by an acute perivascular deposition of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and activation of neutrophils. […] IgAV is classically characterized by the combination of cutaneous vasculitis, arthritis, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and kidney involvement, which can occur in flares. […] Acute involvement of the GI tract impacts the short-term prognosis of the disease, while long-term prognosis depends on the severity of the kidney disease. […] Treatment remains primarily supportive in most cases, though pharmacotherapy, plasmapheresis, and surgical interventions may also be considered in select cases. […] Supportive measures may include the following: Ensuring adequate hydration, Monitoring for GI and kidney complications, Treating minor symptoms of arthritis, edema, fever, or malaise, Eating a bland diet, Discontinuing any drugs suspected of playing a causative role.

• #24 Analysis of Nursing Effect of Children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Based on the PDCA Nursing Model

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8687780/

  By applying the PDCA model to the care of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura, the nursing process can be divided into four stages: planning, execution, inspection, and treatment. […] This paper studies the application of the PDCA nursing model in the nursing of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura and statistically analyzes the disappearance of skin rash, joint pain relief, disappearance of urine protein, disappearance of gastrointestinal symptoms, etc. Finally, this paper combines the experiment to evaluate the intervention effect of this nursing model and provides reference for the follow-up care of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. From the results of experimental research, it can be known that PDCA nursing can improve the comfort of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura, shorten the time for symptom disappearance, and speed up the recovery process.

• #25 Analysis of Nursing Effect of Children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Based on the PDCA Nursing Model

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8687780/

  In order to improve the nursing effect of children with HSP, this paper combines the PDCA nursing model to analyze the effect of nursing intervention for children with HSP and evaluate the intervention effect of this nursing model with experiments, so as to provide references for subsequent nursing of children with HSP. […] The results of this study showed that the comfort score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the rash subsided, joint pain was relieved, urine protein disappeared, and the disappearance of digestive tract symptoms was shorter than the control group. It can be seen that PDCA nursing can improve the comfort of children with HSP and shorten the time for symptoms to disappear. […] Therefore, controlling diet and preventing accidental consumption of allergic foods play an important role in improving clinical symptoms and preventing disease recurrence, while also ensuring the body’s nutritional balance. […] Therefore, it is possible to find an effective nursing path, improve the nursing plan, and improve the quality of nursing by analyzing the child’s condition, eating habits, and nursing problems.

• #26 Analysis of Nursing Effect of Children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Based on the PDCA Nursing Model

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8687780/

  By applying the PDCA model to the care of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura, the nursing process can be divided into four stages: planning, execution, inspection, and treatment. […] This paper studies the application of the PDCA nursing model in the nursing of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura and statistically analyzes the disappearance of skin rash, joint pain relief, disappearance of urine protein, disappearance of gastrointestinal symptoms, etc. Finally, this paper combines the experiment to evaluate the intervention effect of this nursing model and provides reference for the follow-up care of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. From the results of experimental research, it can be known that PDCA nursing can improve the comfort of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura, shorten the time for symptom disappearance, and speed up the recovery process.

• #27 Henoch-Schonlein purpura – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/henoch-schonlein-purpura/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354045

  Your doctor will be able to diagnose the condition as Henoch-Schonlein purpura if the classic rash, joint pain and digestive tract symptoms are present. […] Henoch-Schonlein purpura usually goes away on its own within a month with no lasting ill effects. Rest, plenty of fluids and over-the-counter pain relievers may help with symptoms. […] Home care focuses on keeping people with mild Henoch-Schonlein purpura comfortable while the disease runs its course. Rest, plenty of fluids and over-the-counter pain relievers may help.

• #28 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a form of vasculitis, a condition that involves inflammation of the blood vessels. It can affect any organ of the body. […] HSP is the most common form of vasculitis in childhood and affects about 20 in 100,000 children. It occurs most commonly in children ages 2-6, although it can occur at any age. […] Patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura develop a characteristic bruise-like rash on their arms and/or legs. In most cases, the condition does not require treatment; it will resolve on its own and the child will recover completely. […] However, some children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura will develop arthritis and abdominal pain. These children can be treated with pain control medications. […] The most serious potential complication of Henoch-Schönlein purpura is kidney damage — which can be irreversible. For this reason, children with HSP should be carefully monitored for the first 6 months after diagnosis. Testing should include regular blood pressure checks and urine analysis.

• #29 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  Treatments for Henoch-Schönlein purpura include supportive care, such as: Adequate hydration, or fluid intake, Careful attention to nutrition, Pain control with medications such as acetaminophen, Glucocorticoids (to control inflammation), Blood pressure medication if elevated blood pressure occurs. […] Patients diagnosed with Henoch-Schönlein purpura will need to be followed closely by their doctor for the development of kidney involvement even after other symptoms of the disease have subsided. […] In children with severe Henoch-Schönlein purpura or disease affecting the kidneys, they may need to see pediatric subspecialty doctors, such as a rheumatologist or nephrologist (kidney doctor). […] Specific treatment for Henoch-Schönlein purpura will be determined by your child’s doctor based on: Your child’s overall health and medical history, Extent of the condition, Your child’s tolerance for specific medications, procedures and therapies, Expectation for the course of the disease, Specific organs that are affected, Your opinion or preference.

• #30 Henoch-Schonlein purpura – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/henoch-schonlein-purpura/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354045

  Your doctor will be able to diagnose the condition as Henoch-Schonlein purpura if the classic rash, joint pain and digestive tract symptoms are present. […] Henoch-Schonlein purpura usually goes away on its own within a month with no lasting ill effects. Rest, plenty of fluids and over-the-counter pain relievers may help with symptoms. […] Home care focuses on keeping people with mild Henoch-Schonlein purpura comfortable while the disease runs its course. Rest, plenty of fluids and over-the-counter pain relievers may help.

• #31 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) in Children: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.henoch-schonlein-purpura-hsp-in-children-care-instructions.av2727

  Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) makes the small blood vessels in your child’s body swell. It can cause a red or purple rash on the legs and buttocks, joint pain, or belly pain. It may also be called IgA vasculitis. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your child’s treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if your child is having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your child’s test results and keep a list of the medicines your child takes. […] Give medicines as prescribed. […] Do not give a child with HSP anti-inflammatory medicines without talking to your doctor first. These medicines include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve). […] If the doctor prescribed steroid medicines, give them as directed. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: Your child has signs of needing more fluids. […] Watch closely for changes in your child’s health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: Your child has new joint pain, or the pain gets worse.

• #32

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=av2723

  Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) makes the small blood vessels in your body swell. It can cause a red or purple rash on your legs and buttocks, joint pain, or belly pain. It may also be called IgA vasculitis. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Take your medicines as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Do not take anti-inflammatory medicines when you have HSP without talking to your doctor first. These medicines include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve).

• #33 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  Hospitalization may be required when adequate outpatient monitoring is unavailable or if dehydration, hemorrhage, or pain control require inpatient management. Nephrology referral is recommended with significant renal involvement. […] Early steroid treatment is most appropriate for children with renal involvement or severe extrarenal symptoms. […] Oral prednisone at 1 to 2 mg per kg daily for two weeks has been used to treat moderate to severe abdominal and joint symptoms, and to hasten the resolution of Henoch-Schönlein purpura in children. […] A meta-analysis found that corticosteroid use in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura reduced the mean time to resolution of abdominal pain and decreased the odds of developing persistent renal disease. […] Early aggressive therapy is recommended for children and adults with severe renal involvement.

• #34 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein Purpura): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984105-overview

  Corticosteroids may be considered in the following situations: Persistent nephrotic syndrome, Crescents in more than 50% of glomeruli, Severe abdominal pain, Substantial GI hemorrhage, Severe soft tissue edema, Severe scrotal edema, Neurologic system involvement, Intrapulmonary hemorrhage. […] The beneficial effect of methylprednisolone pulses has been shown in patients receiving combinations of multiple immunosuppressive drugs. […] In IgAV nephritis, a disease considered to be benign, long-term follow-up studies showed delayed development of chronic kidney disease in this population in the absence of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis when steroids and other immunosuppressants were used. […] Plasmapheresis may be effective in delaying the progression of kidney disease. […] Surgical interventions that may be considered in specific circumstances include the following: Surgery for severe bowel ischemia, Kidney transplantation for severe kidney disease that is resistant to medical therapy, Tonsillectomy together with corticosteroid pulse therapy for progressive IgAV nephritis. […] Patients should be informed that the disease is most likely to resolve with few residual adverse effects but that relapses are possible.

• #35 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  Henoch-Schönlein purpura is an acute, systemic, immune complex-mediated, leukocytoclastic vasculitis. It is characterized by a clinical triad of palpable purpura (without thrombocytopenia), abdominal pain, and arthritis. Glomerulonephritis and gastrointestinal bleeding are common complications. […] Early oral prednisone treatment at 1 to 2 mg per kg daily for two weeks reduces the intensity of joint and abdominal pain from Henoch-Schönlein purpura in children. […] Early prednisone treatment for Henoch-Schönlein purpura does not prevent renal disease, although it is effective in treating renal involvement and reduces the odds of developing persistent renal disease in children. […] Early prednisone treatment reduces the mean resolution time of abdominal pain from Henoch-Schönlein purpura in children.

• #36 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis): Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0815/p229.html

  Renal involvement should prompt nephrology consultation. […] Although corticosteroids were routinely used based on older studies, an appropriately powered 2013 double-blind, randomized trial comparing corticosteroids with placebo showed no benefit in reducing proteinuria 12 months after disease onset. […] Randomized trials have shown that joint and abdominal symptoms resolve 1.2 days faster in children who receive prednisone, 1 to 2 mg per kg. […] Immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., high-dose intravenous steroids) is often used for the treatment of glomerulonephritis with severe renal involvement. […] Factors predicting the need for hospitalization include orchitis, moderate or severe abdominal pain, arthritis in two or more joints, proteinuria, gastrointestinal bleeding, and inability to ambulate. […] Order urinalysis and measure creatinine and blood pressure at least monthly for patients with renal abnormalities at the time of diagnosis. […] The optimal frequency and length of follow-up is unclear; however, a six-month monitoring period is prudent.

• #37 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  Hospitalization may be required when adequate outpatient monitoring is unavailable or if dehydration, hemorrhage, or pain control require inpatient management. Nephrology referral is recommended with significant renal involvement. […] Early steroid treatment is most appropriate for children with renal involvement or severe extrarenal symptoms. […] Oral prednisone at 1 to 2 mg per kg daily for two weeks has been used to treat moderate to severe abdominal and joint symptoms, and to hasten the resolution of Henoch-Schönlein purpura in children. […] A meta-analysis found that corticosteroid use in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura reduced the mean time to resolution of abdominal pain and decreased the odds of developing persistent renal disease. […] Early aggressive therapy is recommended for children and adults with severe renal involvement.

• #38 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis): Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0815/p229.html

  Renal involvement should prompt nephrology consultation. […] Although corticosteroids were routinely used based on older studies, an appropriately powered 2013 double-blind, randomized trial comparing corticosteroids with placebo showed no benefit in reducing proteinuria 12 months after disease onset. […] Randomized trials have shown that joint and abdominal symptoms resolve 1.2 days faster in children who receive prednisone, 1 to 2 mg per kg. […] Immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., high-dose intravenous steroids) is often used for the treatment of glomerulonephritis with severe renal involvement. […] Factors predicting the need for hospitalization include orchitis, moderate or severe abdominal pain, arthritis in two or more joints, proteinuria, gastrointestinal bleeding, and inability to ambulate. […] Order urinalysis and measure creatinine and blood pressure at least monthly for patients with renal abnormalities at the time of diagnosis. […] The optimal frequency and length of follow-up is unclear; however, a six-month monitoring period is prudent.

• #39 Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura – Core EM

  https://coreem.net/core/henoch-schoenlein-purpura/

  Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP) is an IgA-mediated small-vessel vasculitis caused by deposition of immune complexes within vessel walls […] NSAIDs are the mainstay of treatment, as care is mostly supportive; they should be avoided if there is renal impairment […] Symptoms generally resolve in 4-6 weeks […] Prednisone may be used for severe joint and abdominal pain but does not prevent kidney involvement […] Most patients can be discharged home with supportive care […] Indications for admission include renal failure and GI complications, including significant bleeding and intussusception.

• #40 GiKids – Henoch Schonlein Purpura

  https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/henoch-schonlein-purpura/

  Henoch Schonlein Purpura usually resolves without any treatment needed. […] For joint pain or abdominal pain, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines like ibuprofen may be helpful. […] For severe pain, some patients may get oral steroids like prednisone. […] With severe belly pain, kidney damage, high blood pressure or for patients unable to drink enough fluids by mouth to stay hydrated, hospitalization may be necessary to provide IV fluids, medicines to help control pain or blood pressure and to closely monitor kidney function. […] If patients have intussusception, they may require a special type of enema where air is injected into the rectum. […] This can cause the “telescoped” portions of the small intestine to come apart. […] In rare cases that cannot be fixed with an enema, surgery may be required. […] Even after symptoms have gone away, patients’ kidney function should be carefully monitored by their pediatrician or kidney doctor by checking blood pressure and their urine. […] Some children may need blood tests to monitor their kidney function too.

• #41 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) in Children: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.henoch-schonlein-purpura-hsp-in-children-care-instructions.av2727

  Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) makes the small blood vessels in your child’s body swell. It can cause a red or purple rash on the legs and buttocks, joint pain, or belly pain. It may also be called IgA vasculitis. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your child’s treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if your child is having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your child’s test results and keep a list of the medicines your child takes. […] Give medicines as prescribed. […] Do not give a child with HSP anti-inflammatory medicines without talking to your doctor first. These medicines include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve). […] If the doctor prescribed steroid medicines, give them as directed. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: Your child has signs of needing more fluids. […] Watch closely for changes in your child’s health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: Your child has new joint pain, or the pain gets worse.

• #42

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=av2723

  If your doctor prescribed steroid medicines, take them as directed. […] To prevent dehydration, drink plenty of fluids. Choose water and other clear liquids until you feel better. If you have kidney, heart, or liver disease and have to limit fluids, talk with your doctor before you increase the amount of fluids you drink. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You have new joint pain, or the pain gets worse. You do not get better as expected.

• #43 Caring for a child with Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP) – Alder Hey Children’s Hospital Trust

  https://www.alderhey.nhs.uk/conditions/patient-information-leaflets/caring-for-a-child-with-henoch-schonlein-purpura-hsp/

  Henoch Schönlein Purpura (usually known as HSP) is an unusual disease, the exact cause is not known. It sometimes occurs after viral infection and is rare in adults. It is not an infectious condition. The disease causes inflammation of small blood vessels in the body. In the skin a bruising type rash is shown, most commonly on the legs, buttocks or forearms. It can also cause stomach pain and sore swollen joints. If the disease affects the kidneys it can cause blood to appear in the urine. […] In most cases the disease settles down in about two to three weeks and apart from rest and pain relief, no specific treatment is required. A very small number of children may develop kidney problems, so testing your child’s urine for blood is very important. If your child is feeling well and not complaining of any joint or stomach pain then there is no reason why they should not continue their usual activities.

• #44 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Care Plan for Children | K Health

  https://khealth.com/treatment/pediatrics/henoch-schonlein-purpura/

  IgA vasculitis (IgAV), formerly and more commonly known as Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP), is an autoimmune disease that causes damage to blood vessels. […] The main symptom of HSP is a characteristic rash called purpura, which looks like small, raised purple spots or bruises most prominent on the lower half of the body. […] In addition to the characteristic rash, HSP can also cause symptoms like abdominal pain, joint pain, and blood in the urine. In rare cases, HSP can progress to serious kidney disease. […] There is no treatment for HSP. It usually gets better on its own. However, supportive care for your child includes plenty of rest and hydration, Tylenol or ibuprofen for mild to moderate stomach and joint pain, and urine tests for blood regularly for up to 6 months after the diagnosis is made.

• #45 Caring for a child with Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP) – Alder Hey Children’s Hospital Trust

  https://www.alderhey.nhs.uk/conditions/patient-information-leaflets/caring-for-a-child-with-henoch-schonlein-purpura-hsp/

  Henoch Schönlein Purpura (usually known as HSP) is an unusual disease, the exact cause is not known. It sometimes occurs after viral infection and is rare in adults. It is not an infectious condition. The disease causes inflammation of small blood vessels in the body. In the skin a bruising type rash is shown, most commonly on the legs, buttocks or forearms. It can also cause stomach pain and sore swollen joints. If the disease affects the kidneys it can cause blood to appear in the urine. […] In most cases the disease settles down in about two to three weeks and apart from rest and pain relief, no specific treatment is required. A very small number of children may develop kidney problems, so testing your child’s urine for blood is very important. If your child is feeling well and not complaining of any joint or stomach pain then there is no reason why they should not continue their usual activities.

• #46 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Care Plan for Children | K Health

  https://khealth.com/treatment/pediatrics/henoch-schonlein-purpura/

  HSP is not contagious. Your child can return to school as soon as they are feeling well enough and don’t have a fever. […] All patients with suspected HSP should be evaluated in person by their doctor to confirm the diagnosis. After confirmation, please revisit your child’s doctor if they develop a bad stomach ache, blood in their stool, significant joint pain, bloody urine or are urinating less, or significant scrotal pain or swelling.

• #47 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP): Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.henoch-schonlein-purpura-hsp-care-instructions.av2723

  Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) makes the small blood vessels in your body swell. It can cause a red or purple rash on your legs and buttocks, joint pain, or belly pain. It may also be called IgA vasculitis. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Take your medicines as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Do not take anti-inflammatory medicines when you have HSP without talking to your doctor first. These medicines include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve). […] You can take acetaminophen (Tylenol) for pain. Read and follow all instructions on the label.

• #48

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=av2723

  Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) makes the small blood vessels in your body swell. It can cause a red or purple rash on your legs and buttocks, joint pain, or belly pain. It may also be called IgA vasculitis. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Take your medicines as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Do not take anti-inflammatory medicines when you have HSP without talking to your doctor first. These medicines include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve).

• #49 Caring for a child with Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP) – Alder Hey Children’s Hospital Trust

  https://www.alderhey.nhs.uk/conditions/patient-information-leaflets/caring-for-a-child-with-henoch-schonlein-purpura-hsp/

  The Integrated Children’s Community Nursing Team may check your child’s blood pressure and check their urine using a dipstix. […] Your child may complain of mild / moderate pain in their head, abdomen or joints. Paracetamol and/or Ibuprofen will help to make your child comfortable. Appropriate doses of pain relief will be prescribed and discussed with you before you take your child home. […] You can contact the nursing team with any concerns you may have but you must contact us if your child develops any of the following: Visible blood in their urine, Very black stools (poo) or blood in their stools, Difficulty in passing urine, Puffy appearance of their face, hands or feet, Severe stomach pain, Severe pain or swelling in their joints. […] This leaflet only gives general information. You must always discuss the individual treatment of your child with the appropriate member of staff. Do not rely on this leaflet alone for information about your child’s treatment.

• #50 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP): Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.henoch-schonlein-purpura-hsp-care-instructions.av2723

  If your doctor prescribed steroid medicines, take them as directed. […] To prevent dehydration, drink plenty of fluids. Choose water and other clear liquids until you feel better. If you have kidney, heart, or liver disease and have to limit fluids, talk with your doctor before you increase the amount of fluids you drink. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have signs of needing more fluids. You have sunken eyes, a dry mouth, and you pass only a little urine. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You have new joint pain, or the pain gets worse.

• #51 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  Treatments for Henoch-Schönlein purpura include supportive care, such as: Adequate hydration, or fluid intake, Careful attention to nutrition, Pain control with medications such as acetaminophen, Glucocorticoids (to control inflammation), Blood pressure medication if elevated blood pressure occurs. […] Patients diagnosed with Henoch-Schönlein purpura will need to be followed closely by their doctor for the development of kidney involvement even after other symptoms of the disease have subsided. […] In children with severe Henoch-Schönlein purpura or disease affecting the kidneys, they may need to see pediatric subspecialty doctors, such as a rheumatologist or nephrologist (kidney doctor). […] Specific treatment for Henoch-Schönlein purpura will be determined by your child’s doctor based on: Your child’s overall health and medical history, Extent of the condition, Your child’s tolerance for specific medications, procedures and therapies, Expectation for the course of the disease, Specific organs that are affected, Your opinion or preference.

• #52 Henoch Schönlein Purpura (HSP)

  https://rheumatology.org/patients/henoch-schonlein-purpura-hsp

  Even though HSP is usually a short-lived illness, having HSP can be stressful for children and families. The appearance of the rash can be distressing to a child. Some children experience joint or abdominal pain intense enough to require admission to the hospital. […] Urine screening and monitoring of the blood pressure is recommended for at least 6 months after the initial diagnosis, so it is important to follow the screening instructions provided by your doctor.

• #53 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  Treatment options include high-dose steroids with immunosuppressants, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, and renal transplant. […] A blood pressure measurement and urinalysis should be performed at the time Henoch-Schönlein purpura is diagnosed and at each return physician office visit. […] If the initial urinalysis is normal, or if there is isolated hematuria (without nephritic or nephrotic syndrome), a monthly urinalysis should be performed for the first six months after the diagnosis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

• #54 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis): Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0815/p229.html

  Renal involvement should prompt nephrology consultation. […] Although corticosteroids were routinely used based on older studies, an appropriately powered 2013 double-blind, randomized trial comparing corticosteroids with placebo showed no benefit in reducing proteinuria 12 months after disease onset. […] Randomized trials have shown that joint and abdominal symptoms resolve 1.2 days faster in children who receive prednisone, 1 to 2 mg per kg. […] Immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., high-dose intravenous steroids) is often used for the treatment of glomerulonephritis with severe renal involvement. […] Factors predicting the need for hospitalization include orchitis, moderate or severe abdominal pain, arthritis in two or more joints, proteinuria, gastrointestinal bleeding, and inability to ambulate. […] Order urinalysis and measure creatinine and blood pressure at least monthly for patients with renal abnormalities at the time of diagnosis. […] The optimal frequency and length of follow-up is unclear; however, a six-month monitoring period is prudent.

• #55 Pulsenotes | Henoch-Schönlein purpura notes

  https://app.pulsenotes.com/specialities/paediatrics/notes/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  Approximately, 1% of children will progress to end-stage renal disease. […] Renal involvement will develop within the first 6 months in up to 97% of patients. […] Collectively, two-thirds of children have a self-limiting illness without relapse. […] One third of children will relapse, particularly those who initially presented with renal disease. […] Ongoing follow-up in primary or secondary care may be required according to local guidance.

• #56 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) in Children: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.henoch-schonlein-purpura-hsp-in-children-care-instructions.av2727

  Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) makes the small blood vessels in your child’s body swell. It can cause a red or purple rash on the legs and buttocks, joint pain, or belly pain. It may also be called IgA vasculitis. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your child’s treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if your child is having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your child’s test results and keep a list of the medicines your child takes. […] Give medicines as prescribed. […] Do not give a child with HSP anti-inflammatory medicines without talking to your doctor first. These medicines include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve). […] If the doctor prescribed steroid medicines, give them as directed. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: Your child has signs of needing more fluids. […] Watch closely for changes in your child’s health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: Your child has new joint pain, or the pain gets worse.

• #57

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=av2723

  If your doctor prescribed steroid medicines, take them as directed. […] To prevent dehydration, drink plenty of fluids. Choose water and other clear liquids until you feel better. If you have kidney, heart, or liver disease and have to limit fluids, talk with your doctor before you increase the amount of fluids you drink. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You have new joint pain, or the pain gets worse. You do not get better as expected.

• #58 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  Treatments for Henoch-Schönlein purpura include supportive care, such as: Adequate hydration, or fluid intake, Careful attention to nutrition, Pain control with medications such as acetaminophen, Glucocorticoids (to control inflammation), Blood pressure medication if elevated blood pressure occurs. […] Patients diagnosed with Henoch-Schönlein purpura will need to be followed closely by their doctor for the development of kidney involvement even after other symptoms of the disease have subsided. […] In children with severe Henoch-Schönlein purpura or disease affecting the kidneys, they may need to see pediatric subspecialty doctors, such as a rheumatologist or nephrologist (kidney doctor). […] Specific treatment for Henoch-Schönlein purpura will be determined by your child’s doctor based on: Your child’s overall health and medical history, Extent of the condition, Your child’s tolerance for specific medications, procedures and therapies, Expectation for the course of the disease, Specific organs that are affected, Your opinion or preference.

• #59 Henoch–Schönlein purpura – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoch%E2%80%93Sch%C3%B6nlein_purpura

  Hypertension (high blood pressure) may occur. […] The diagnosis is based on the combination of the symptoms, as very few other diseases cause the same symptoms together. […] As of 2017, the optimal way to treat Henoch–Schönlein purpura remains controversial. […] Most people do not receive therapy because of the high spontaneous recovery rate. […] However, if they are given early in the disease episode, the duration of symptoms may be shortened, and abdominal pain can improve significantly. […] Overall prognosis is good in most patients, with one study showing recovery occurring in 94% and 89% of children and adults, respectively (some having needed treatment). […] In adults, kidney involvement progresses to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) more often than in children. […] About 20% of children that exhibit nephrotic or nephritic features experience long permanent renal impairment.

• #60 Pulsenotes | Henoch-Schönlein purpura notes

  https://app.pulsenotes.com/specialities/paediatrics/notes/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  Approximately, 1% of children will progress to end-stage renal disease. […] Renal involvement will develop within the first 6 months in up to 97% of patients. […] Collectively, two-thirds of children have a self-limiting illness without relapse. […] One third of children will relapse, particularly those who initially presented with renal disease. […] Ongoing follow-up in primary or secondary care may be required according to local guidance.

• #61 When Your Child Has Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) 

  https://myhealth.umassmemorial.org/Wellness/Stress/3,90967

  Most children with HSP recover fully. But some children may have kidney damage. For this reason it’s important for a child with HSP to have repeat urine tests and to measure their blood pressure often. This should be done for a few weeks or months after diagnosis, even if there’s no early evidence of kidney damage. In rare cases, a child may have kidney failure. Women who’ve had HSP as a child have a higher risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia).

• #62 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537252/

  The classic presentation of IgA vasculitis includes palpable purpura, gastrointestinal complaints, arthralgias, and renal involvement. […] Patients may present with any of the following signs or symptoms: Rash, Fatigue, Headache, Fever, Joint pain, Subcutaneous edema, Diarrhea, Hematemesis, Abdominal pain, Vomiting, Rectal bleeding, Scrotal edema. […] Unless renal involvement is present, symptomatic and supportive care are the foundations of treatment for patients with IgAV. […] Acetaminophen or narcotics are often preferred for pain control over NSAIDs in the setting of GI or renal involvement. The presence of severe abdominal pain should support the use of prednisone or prednisolone in a tapered format. […] An essential aspect of the disease process is adequate follow-up with frequent urinalyses to screen for potential renal involvement. […] Patients treated with corticosteroids may require assistance from pharmacists regarding adequate therapeutic dosing and tapering. Patients with severe renal disease will need to see a nephrology team comprised of medical assistants, nurses, physicians, and rarely a transplant team.

• #63 HSP: Diagnosis and Management | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/health-professionals/professional-resources/charting-pediatrics-podcast/henoch-schonlein-purpura-diagnosis-management/

  Children and adolescents with Henoch-Schonlein purpura will first be treated by our Pediatric Primary Care Department. In more severe cases, patients will be cared for by the expert teams in our Rheumatology and Nephrology departments. Our pediatricians and pediatric specialists offer a wide range of services for the diagnosis, treatment and management of HSP.

• #64 HSP: Diagnosis and Management | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/health-professionals/professional-resources/charting-pediatrics-podcast/henoch-schonlein-purpura-diagnosis-management/

  Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a disorder that leads to inflammation and bleeding in the small blood vessels of skin, joints, intestines and kidneys. HSP may be the cause when a parent or pediatrician notices a purplish rash, often on the lower legs and buttocks. HSP can also present with abdominal pain and aching joints. […] While the majority of cases of HSP in children will resolve on their own, some patients will experience gastrointestinal distress, renal complications and kidney damage. […] Experts don’t yet know the exact cause of the initial inflammation associated with HSP, but hypothesize that it could be due to a strong immune response in some children. […] HSP is most often diagnosed and treated in the pediatrician or family doctor’s office. If a pediatrician has questions or concerns about the degree to which the child’s kidneys are being affected they should feel empowered to seek advice from a pediatric nephrologist.

• #65 IgA vasculitis | infoKID

  https://infokid.org.uk/conditions/iga-vasculitis/

  Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgA vasculitis), previously known as Henoch-Schnlein Purpura (HSP), is a condition that affects different parts of the body. Tiny blood vessels in the body become inflamed or swollen. […] Usually, children with IgA vasculitis do not need special treatment, but will need to be carefully monitored and may need to stay in hospital and/or take medicines. […] In about half of children with IgA vasculitis, the kidneys are affected. The tiny blood vessels in the kidneys, which filter blood to remove extra water, salt and waste into the urine, become inflamed. This causes the kidneys to leak blood cells and proteins into urine. This is sometimes called IgA vasculitis nephritis. […] Your child will probably be treated in a paediatric unit, a special part of your hospital for children. They will be looked after by a paediatrician, a doctor who treats babies, children and young people.

• #66 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/henoch-schonlein-purpura

  Treatments for Henoch-Schönlein purpura include supportive care, such as: Adequate hydration, or fluid intake, Careful attention to nutrition, Pain control with medications such as acetaminophen, Glucocorticoids (to control inflammation), Blood pressure medication if elevated blood pressure occurs. […] Patients diagnosed with Henoch-Schönlein purpura will need to be followed closely by their doctor for the development of kidney involvement even after other symptoms of the disease have subsided. […] In children with severe Henoch-Schönlein purpura or disease affecting the kidneys, they may need to see pediatric subspecialty doctors, such as a rheumatologist or nephrologist (kidney doctor). […] Specific treatment for Henoch-Schönlein purpura will be determined by your child’s doctor based on: Your child’s overall health and medical history, Extent of the condition, Your child’s tolerance for specific medications, procedures and therapies, Expectation for the course of the disease, Specific organs that are affected, Your opinion or preference.

• #67 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537252/

  The classic presentation of IgA vasculitis includes palpable purpura, gastrointestinal complaints, arthralgias, and renal involvement. […] Patients may present with any of the following signs or symptoms: Rash, Fatigue, Headache, Fever, Joint pain, Subcutaneous edema, Diarrhea, Hematemesis, Abdominal pain, Vomiting, Rectal bleeding, Scrotal edema. […] Unless renal involvement is present, symptomatic and supportive care are the foundations of treatment for patients with IgAV. […] Acetaminophen or narcotics are often preferred for pain control over NSAIDs in the setting of GI or renal involvement. The presence of severe abdominal pain should support the use of prednisone or prednisolone in a tapered format. […] An essential aspect of the disease process is adequate follow-up with frequent urinalyses to screen for potential renal involvement. […] Patients treated with corticosteroids may require assistance from pharmacists regarding adequate therapeutic dosing and tapering. Patients with severe renal disease will need to see a nephrology team comprised of medical assistants, nurses, physicians, and rarely a transplant team.

• #68 Henoch Schönlein Purpura (HSP)

  https://rheumatology.org/patients/henoch-schonlein-purpura-hsp

  Even though HSP is usually a short-lived illness, having HSP can be stressful for children and families. The appearance of the rash can be distressing to a child. Some children experience joint or abdominal pain intense enough to require admission to the hospital. […] Urine screening and monitoring of the blood pressure is recommended for at least 6 months after the initial diagnosis, so it is important to follow the screening instructions provided by your doctor.

• #69 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/henoch-schonlein-purpura-hsp

  Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a form of vasculitis, a condition that involves inflammation of the blood vessels. […] Treatments for HSP may include: Adequate hydration, or fluid intake, Careful attention to nutrition, Pain control with medications such as acetaminophen, Glucocorticoids (steroids that help control inflammation). […] In the rare instance that your child has an aggressive form of HSP, she may end up with serious kidney disease. The End-Stage Renal Program at Boston Children’s Hospital consists of an expert team of physicians, surgeons, nurses, nutritionists, and social workers who assist children with chronic renal failure. […] We work with families to plan individualized therapy for each child. Our goal is to preserve each patient’s growth and development by integrating schooling and providing guidance on behavioral and financial issues. We also assist in arranging transport and home help support, as well as visiting nursing services.

• #70 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537252/

  The classic presentation of IgA vasculitis includes palpable purpura, gastrointestinal complaints, arthralgias, and renal involvement. […] Patients may present with any of the following signs or symptoms: Rash, Fatigue, Headache, Fever, Joint pain, Subcutaneous edema, Diarrhea, Hematemesis, Abdominal pain, Vomiting, Rectal bleeding, Scrotal edema. […] Unless renal involvement is present, symptomatic and supportive care are the foundations of treatment for patients with IgAV. […] Acetaminophen or narcotics are often preferred for pain control over NSAIDs in the setting of GI or renal involvement. The presence of severe abdominal pain should support the use of prednisone or prednisolone in a tapered format. […] An essential aspect of the disease process is adequate follow-up with frequent urinalyses to screen for potential renal involvement. […] Patients treated with corticosteroids may require assistance from pharmacists regarding adequate therapeutic dosing and tapering. Patients with severe renal disease will need to see a nephrology team comprised of medical assistants, nurses, physicians, and rarely a transplant team.

• #71 Analysis of Nursing Effect of Children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Based on the PDCA Nursing Model

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8687780/

  In order to improve the nursing effect of children with HSP, this paper combines the PDCA nursing model to analyze the effect of nursing intervention for children with HSP and evaluate the intervention effect of this nursing model with experiments, so as to provide references for subsequent nursing of children with HSP. […] The results of this study showed that the comfort score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the rash subsided, joint pain was relieved, urine protein disappeared, and the disappearance of digestive tract symptoms was shorter than the control group. It can be seen that PDCA nursing can improve the comfort of children with HSP and shorten the time for symptoms to disappear. […] Therefore, controlling diet and preventing accidental consumption of allergic foods play an important role in improving clinical symptoms and preventing disease recurrence, while also ensuring the body’s nutritional balance. […] Therefore, it is possible to find an effective nursing path, improve the nursing plan, and improve the quality of nursing by analyzing the child’s condition, eating habits, and nursing problems.

• #72

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2024/11010/effective_treatment_with_intravenous.4.aspx

  This article presents a complex case of refractory HenochSchnlein purpura (HSP), initially manifesting with complex gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and discusses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges encountered. It aims to enhance understanding of the disease and provide evidence for the potential efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment in this condition. […] Establishing a definitive diagnosis was challenging initially due to the absence of typical petechiae. However, the appearance of characteristic petechiae subsequently confirmed the diagnosis of HSP. […] Initial treatment with methylprednisolone sodium succinate for 3 days failed to elicit improvement. Subsequently, IVIG was introduced as a combination therapy. […] Following the combined administration of IVIG, the patient experienced complete resolution of abdominal pain, petechiae, and arthralgia within 4 days.

• #73 School Nurse’s Guide to Henoch-Schonlein Purpura – Go See The Nurse

  http://goseethenurse.com/2019/03/11/school-nurse-guide-henoch-schonlein-purpura/

  Henoch-Schnlein purpura (HSP) is rare and fortunately self-limiting. This inflammatory disease of the blood capillaries could be secondary to either an infection or a reaction to the antibiotics used (among other possible causes). […] HSP causes small blood vessels to become inflamed, and this, in turn, causes some leaking of blood that becomes apparent as darker, bruise-like or petechiae-like rashes on the skin (mainly the lower extremities). […] Most notably, there will likely be reddish-purple, bruise-looking spots mainly on the legs, feet, and often on the child’s boo-hiney. These are the tell-tale universal sign of Henoch-Schnlein purpura. […] The child may present with swollen and painful knees (as well as other joints). […] That belly ache may be a symptom of Henoch-Schnlein purpura.

• #74 Caring for a child with Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP) – Alder Hey Children’s Hospital Trust

  https://www.alderhey.nhs.uk/conditions/patient-information-leaflets/caring-for-a-child-with-henoch-schonlein-purpura-hsp/

  The Integrated Children’s Community Nursing Team may check your child’s blood pressure and check their urine using a dipstix. […] Your child may complain of mild / moderate pain in their head, abdomen or joints. Paracetamol and/or Ibuprofen will help to make your child comfortable. Appropriate doses of pain relief will be prescribed and discussed with you before you take your child home. […] You can contact the nursing team with any concerns you may have but you must contact us if your child develops any of the following: Visible blood in their urine, Very black stools (poo) or blood in their stools, Difficulty in passing urine, Puffy appearance of their face, hands or feet, Severe stomach pain, Severe pain or swelling in their joints. […] This leaflet only gives general information. You must always discuss the individual treatment of your child with the appropriate member of staff. Do not rely on this leaflet alone for information about your child’s treatment.

• #75 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura : Johns Hopkins Vasculitis CenterFacebookTwitterYouTube

  https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/henochschnlein-purpura/

  NSAIDs may alleviate arthralgias but can aggravate gastrointestinal symptoms, and should be avoided in any patient with renal disease. […] Supportive care may involve a short course of prednisone or an NSAID, such as naprosyn or ibuprofen, if the kidneys are not involved. […] HSP patients who experience this symptom should be followed more closely, with regular testing of their urine for blood and protein. Recurrences, found in 33% of patients, usually develop within the first few months after resolution of the first bout.

• #76 School Nurse’s Guide to Henoch-Schonlein Purpura – Go See The Nurse

  http://goseethenurse.com/2019/03/11/school-nurse-guide-henoch-schonlein-purpura/

  Henoch-Schonlein purpura may result in hematuria (blood in the urine). […] The biggest risk of Henoch-Schnlein purpura is kidney damage. This is the one to pay close attention to. The damage to the kidneys can be such to where dialysis or a kidney transplant is needed. […] There is no actual treatment for Henoch-Schnlein purpura per se only for the symptoms. […] Most cases of HSP resolve within 4 to 6 weeks without long-term problems. […] A serious complication of Henoch-Schnlein purpura is a bowel obstruction as the bowel folds in on itself.

• #77 Henoch Schönlein Purpura (HSP) | Great Ormond Street Hospital

  https://www.gosh.nhs.uk/conditions-and-treatments/conditions-we-treat/henoch-sch-nlein-purpura-hsp/

  Henoch Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a disease where small blood vessels called capillaries become inflamed and damaged, producing a rash on the skin called ’purpura’. This information sheet from Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) explains about Henoch Schönlein purpura (HSP), what causes it and how it can be treated. It also gives details of what to expect when your child has assessment and treatment. […] There is no specific treatment for HSP other than rest and recuperation, and symptoms usually go away within several weeks. Paracetamol or ibuprofen can be given to relieve any joint pains. Steroids may be used in children with severe symptoms, particularly bad tummy pain or kidney damage. […] Overall, HSP does not cause long-term problems and most children make a full recovery, although relapses (usually milder than the first attack) can occur in about half of the children in the following months. Children with kidney involvement may need further investigations and regular longer term reviews by a doctor.

• #78 Analysis of Nursing Effect of Children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Based on the PDCA Nursing Model

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8687780/

  In order to improve the nursing effect of children with HSP, this paper combines the PDCA nursing model to analyze the effect of nursing intervention for children with HSP and evaluate the intervention effect of this nursing model with experiments, so as to provide references for subsequent nursing of children with HSP. […] The results of this study showed that the comfort score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the rash subsided, joint pain was relieved, urine protein disappeared, and the disappearance of digestive tract symptoms was shorter than the control group. It can be seen that PDCA nursing can improve the comfort of children with HSP and shorten the time for symptoms to disappear. […] Therefore, controlling diet and preventing accidental consumption of allergic foods play an important role in improving clinical symptoms and preventing disease recurrence, while also ensuring the body’s nutritional balance. […] Therefore, it is possible to find an effective nursing path, improve the nursing plan, and improve the quality of nursing by analyzing the child’s condition, eating habits, and nursing problems.

• #79 Analysis of Nursing Effect of Children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Based on the PDCA Nursing Model

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8687780/

  In order to improve the nursing effect of children with HSP, this paper combines the PDCA nursing model to analyze the effect of nursing intervention for children with HSP and evaluate the intervention effect of this nursing model with experiments, so as to provide references for subsequent nursing of children with HSP. […] The results of this study showed that the comfort score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the rash subsided, joint pain was relieved, urine protein disappeared, and the disappearance of digestive tract symptoms was shorter than the control group. It can be seen that PDCA nursing can improve the comfort of children with HSP and shorten the time for symptoms to disappear. […] Therefore, controlling diet and preventing accidental consumption of allergic foods play an important role in improving clinical symptoms and preventing disease recurrence, while also ensuring the body’s nutritional balance. […] Therefore, it is possible to find an effective nursing path, improve the nursing plan, and improve the quality of nursing by analyzing the child’s condition, eating habits, and nursing problems.

• #80 Analysis of Nursing Effect of Children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Based on the PDCA Nursing Model

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8687780/

  By applying the PDCA model to the care of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura, the nursing process can be divided into four stages: planning, execution, inspection, and treatment. […] This paper studies the application of the PDCA nursing model in the nursing of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura and statistically analyzes the disappearance of skin rash, joint pain relief, disappearance of urine protein, disappearance of gastrointestinal symptoms, etc. Finally, this paper combines the experiment to evaluate the intervention effect of this nursing model and provides reference for the follow-up care of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. From the results of experimental research, it can be known that PDCA nursing can improve the comfort of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura, shorten the time for symptom disappearance, and speed up the recovery process.

• #81 Analysis of Nursing Effect of Children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Based on the PDCA Nursing Model

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8687780/

  In order to improve the nursing effect of children with HSP, this paper combines the PDCA nursing model to analyze the effect of nursing intervention for children with HSP and evaluate the intervention effect of this nursing model with experiments, so as to provide references for subsequent nursing of children with HSP. […] The results of this study showed that the comfort score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the rash subsided, joint pain was relieved, urine protein disappeared, and the disappearance of digestive tract symptoms was shorter than the control group. It can be seen that PDCA nursing can improve the comfort of children with HSP and shorten the time for symptoms to disappear. […] Therefore, controlling diet and preventing accidental consumption of allergic foods play an important role in improving clinical symptoms and preventing disease recurrence, while also ensuring the body’s nutritional balance. […] Therefore, it is possible to find an effective nursing path, improve the nursing plan, and improve the quality of nursing by analyzing the child’s condition, eating habits, and nursing problems.

• #82 Analysis of Nursing Effect of Children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Based on the PDCA Nursing Model

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8687780/

  By applying the PDCA model to the care of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura, the nursing process can be divided into four stages: planning, execution, inspection, and treatment. […] This paper studies the application of the PDCA nursing model in the nursing of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura and statistically analyzes the disappearance of skin rash, joint pain relief, disappearance of urine protein, disappearance of gastrointestinal symptoms, etc. Finally, this paper combines the experiment to evaluate the intervention effect of this nursing model and provides reference for the follow-up care of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. From the results of experimental research, it can be known that PDCA nursing can improve the comfort of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura, shorten the time for symptom disappearance, and speed up the recovery process.

• #83 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1001/p697.html

  Treatment options include high-dose steroids with immunosuppressants, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, and renal transplant. […] A blood pressure measurement and urinalysis should be performed at the time Henoch-Schönlein purpura is diagnosed and at each return physician office visit. […] If the initial urinalysis is normal, or if there is isolated hematuria (without nephritic or nephrotic syndrome), a monthly urinalysis should be performed for the first six months after the diagnosis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

• #84 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis): Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0815/p229.html

  Renal involvement should prompt nephrology consultation. […] Although corticosteroids were routinely used based on older studies, an appropriately powered 2013 double-blind, randomized trial comparing corticosteroids with placebo showed no benefit in reducing proteinuria 12 months after disease onset. […] Randomized trials have shown that joint and abdominal symptoms resolve 1.2 days faster in children who receive prednisone, 1 to 2 mg per kg. […] Immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., high-dose intravenous steroids) is often used for the treatment of glomerulonephritis with severe renal involvement. […] Factors predicting the need for hospitalization include orchitis, moderate or severe abdominal pain, arthritis in two or more joints, proteinuria, gastrointestinal bleeding, and inability to ambulate. […] Order urinalysis and measure creatinine and blood pressure at least monthly for patients with renal abnormalities at the time of diagnosis. […] The optimal frequency and length of follow-up is unclear; however, a six-month monitoring period is prudent.

• #85 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537252/

  The classic presentation of IgA vasculitis includes palpable purpura, gastrointestinal complaints, arthralgias, and renal involvement. […] Patients may present with any of the following signs or symptoms: Rash, Fatigue, Headache, Fever, Joint pain, Subcutaneous edema, Diarrhea, Hematemesis, Abdominal pain, Vomiting, Rectal bleeding, Scrotal edema. […] Unless renal involvement is present, symptomatic and supportive care are the foundations of treatment for patients with IgAV. […] Acetaminophen or narcotics are often preferred for pain control over NSAIDs in the setting of GI or renal involvement. The presence of severe abdominal pain should support the use of prednisone or prednisolone in a tapered format. […] An essential aspect of the disease process is adequate follow-up with frequent urinalyses to screen for potential renal involvement. […] Patients treated with corticosteroids may require assistance from pharmacists regarding adequate therapeutic dosing and tapering. Patients with severe renal disease will need to see a nephrology team comprised of medical assistants, nurses, physicians, and rarely a transplant team.

• #86 Henoch Schonlein Purpura – Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City

  https://ssmc.ae/doctors-specialities/henoch-schonlein-purpura/

  The Division of Pediatric Rheumatology at Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City is dedicated to providing comprehensive care for children with Henoch-Schnlein Purpura. Through early diagnosis, tailored treatment plans, and diligent follow-up care, we aim to ensure the best outcomes for our young patients facing this condition.

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