Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Graves’ Disease Treatment, Diagnosis, Symptoms & Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/graves_disease/article_em.htm

  Graves’ disease is an immune system disorder that results in hyperthyroidism or an overactive thyroid gland. […] The signs and symptoms of Graves’ disease can vary widely because thyroid hormones impact multiple bodily functions and metabolisms. […] The signs and symptoms of Graves’ disease appear gradually over weeks or months. Hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease accelerates some bodily functions. Some of these symptoms might be present for you at once, while others might not. […] Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include: Feeling unsteady and/or anxious, Losing weight, Difficulty sleeping, such as insomnia, Enlarged thyroid gland (goiter), Experiencing diarrhea or more frequent bowel movements, Hair loss and texture changes (brittle), Sweating excessively and heat intolerance, Rapid heartbeat (palpitations), Increased appetite, Thin, warm, and moist skin, Menstrual changes, Muscle weakness.

• #2 Graves Disease – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | Medcare

  https://www.medcare.ae/en/health-library/graves-disease-symptoms-causes-treatment.html

  Graves’ disease symptoms often appear gradually, sometimes taking weeks or months to manifest. Hyperthyroidism, a condition brought on by Graves’ disease, accelerates several bodily processes. The signs of hyperthyroidism are numerous. Some of these symptoms may affect you more than others, or you may have many of them at once. Hyperthyroidism symptoms might include: […] Graves disease can also impact your vision with symptoms, such as irritation, swelling, bulging, and pain in the eye in addition to blurred vision.

• #3 Graves’ disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/graves-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20356240

  Graves’ disease is an immune system condition that affects the thyroid gland. It causes the body to make too much thyroid hormone. That condition is called hyperthyroidism. […] Graves’ disease symptoms also can affect those organs. […] Common symptoms of Graves’ disease include: Feeling nervous and irritable. Having a slight tremor of the hands or fingers. Being sensitive to heat with an increase in sweating or warm, moist skin. Losing weight, despite wanting to eat more. Having an enlarged thyroid gland, also called goiter. Having changes in menstrual cycles. Not being able to get or keep an erection, called erectile dysfunction, or having less desire for sex. Having bowel movements often. Having bulging eyes a condition called thyroid eye disease or Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Being tired. Having thick, discolored skin mostly on the shins or tops of the feet, called Graves’ dermopathy. Having fast or irregular heartbeat, called palpitations. Not sleeping well.

• #4 Graves’ Disease: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15244-graves-disease

  Graves disease causes hyperthyroidism, which speeds up certain body functions. There are many symptoms of hyperthyroidism. You may experience some of these symptoms and not others, or many of them at the same time. […] Symptoms of hyperthyroidism can include: Rapid heartbeat (palpitations). Feeling shaky and/or nervous. Weight loss. Increased appetite. Diarrhea and/or more frequent bowel movements. Thin, warm and moist skin. Intolerance to heat and excessive sweating. Difficulty sleeping, such as insomnia. Enlarged thyroid gland (goiter). Hair loss and change in hair texture (brittle). Menstrual changes. Muscle weakness. […] The onset of symptoms of Graves disease is usually gradual, often taking several weeks or months to develop. […] If you’re experiencing these symptoms, see your healthcare provider.

• #5 Graves Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448195/

  In younger patients, common presentations include heat intolerance, sweating, fatigue, weight loss, palpitation, hyper defecation, and tremors. Other features include insomnia, anxiety, nervousness, hyperkinesia, dyspnea, muscle weakness, pruritus, polyuria, oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in the female, loss of libido, and neck fullness. […] Physical signs of hyperthyroidism include tachycardia, systolic hypertension with increased pulse pressure, signs of heart failure (like edema, rales, jugular venous distension, tachypnea), atrial fibrillation, fine tremors, hyperkinesia, hyperreflexia, warm and moist skin, palmar erythema and onycholysis, hair loss, diffuse palpable goiter with thyroid bruit and altered mental status. […] Signs of extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves disease include ophthalmopathy like eyelid retraction, proptosis, periorbital edema, chemosis, scleral injection, exposure keratitis.

• #6 Graves disease Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/graves-disease

  Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism). […] Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is due to an abnormal immune system response that causes the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone. […] Younger people may have these symptoms: Anxiety or nervousness, as well as problems sleeping; Breast enlargement in men (possible); Problems concentrating; Fatigue; Frequent bowel movements; Hair loss; Heat intolerance and increased sweating; Increased appetite, despite having weight loss; Irregular menstrual periods in women; Muscle weakness of the hips and shoulders; Moodiness, including irritability and anger; Palpitations (sensation of a strong or unusual heartbeat); Rapid or irregular heartbeat; Shortness of breath with activity; Shaking hands (tremors); Weight loss.

• #7 Graves Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448195/

  In younger patients, common presentations include heat intolerance, sweating, fatigue, weight loss, palpitation, hyper defecation, and tremors. Other features include insomnia, anxiety, nervousness, hyperkinesia, dyspnea, muscle weakness, pruritus, polyuria, oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in the female, loss of libido, and neck fullness. […] Physical signs of hyperthyroidism include tachycardia, systolic hypertension with increased pulse pressure, signs of heart failure (like edema, rales, jugular venous distension, tachypnea), atrial fibrillation, fine tremors, hyperkinesia, hyperreflexia, warm and moist skin, palmar erythema and onycholysis, hair loss, diffuse palpable goiter with thyroid bruit and altered mental status. […] Signs of extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves disease include ophthalmopathy like eyelid retraction, proptosis, periorbital edema, chemosis, scleral injection, exposure keratitis.

• #8 The long-term effects of Graves’ disease

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/long-term-effects-of-graves-disease

  Heart health is also a major concern. Certain conditions, such as atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure, are more common in those with uncontrolled Graves disease. […] Graves ophthalmopathy can also affect eye health, potentially leading to vision problems. Mental health issues, including anxiety and mood disorders, are also notable long-term effects. […] Long-standing hyperthyroidism can contribute to mood disorders, anxiety, and other mental health issues. […] The long-term effects include heart, bone, eye, and mental health problems, underscoring the importance of a comprehensive management plan.

• #9 Graves’ disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graves%27_disease

  The signs and symptoms of Graves disease virtually all result from the direct and indirect effects of hyperthyroidism, with main exceptions being Graves ophthalmopathy, goiter, and pretibial myxedema (which are caused by the autoimmune processes of the disease). Symptoms of the resultant hyperthyroidism are mainly insomnia, hand tremor, hyperactivity, hair loss, excessive sweating, oligomenorrhea, itching, heat intolerance, weight loss despite increased appetite, diarrhea, frequent defecation, palpitations, periodic partial muscle weakness or paralysis in those especially of Asian descent, and skin warmth and moistness. Further signs that may be seen on physical examination are most commonly a diffusely enlarged (usually symmetric), nontender thyroid, lid lag, excessive lacrimation due to Graves’ ophthalmopathy, arrhythmias of the heart, such as sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and premature ventricular contractions, and hypertension. […] Graves disease develops in about 0.5% of males and 3.0% of females. It occurs about 7.5 times more often in women than in men. Often, it starts between the ages of 40 and 60, but can begin at any age. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States (about 50 to 80% of cases).

• #10 Dangerous Complications of Untreated Graves’ Disease

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/graves-disease/dangerous-complications-of-untreated-graves-disease/

  Thyroid hormones control how your heart beats, so an overproduction causes the heart to beat faster and harder than normal. […] In people with hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease, the excess thyroid hormone speeds up the rate of bone loss, to where bone can’t be replaced quickly enough. This can lead to decreased bone mineral density, increased bone fracture risk, and, eventually, osteoporosis. The longer hyperthyroidism goes untreated, the greater the risk of osteoporosis, especially in postmenopausal women. […] Treating Graves disease is the number one way to help prevent potentially dangerous health complications.

• #11 Graves’ disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/graves-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20356240

  Thyroid eye disease symptoms include bulging eyes and redness. The eyelids may not cover the eyeball all the way. This eye condition also is called Graves’ ophthalmopathy. […] About 25% of people with Graves’ disease have eye symptoms. […] Rarely, people who have Graves’ disease have skin that darkens and thickens. The skin has a texture like an orange peel. This is called Graves’ dermopathy. […] Other medical conditions can cause symptoms like those of Graves’ disease. See your healthcare professional if you have any symptoms of Graves’ disease to get a prompt diagnosis. […] Seek medical care right away if you have heart-related symptoms, such as a fast or irregular heartbeat, or if you have vision loss.

• #12 Graves’ Disease: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15244-graves-disease

  Graves disease can also cause eye disease symptoms, including: Gritty, irritated eyes. Swelling of the tissues around your eyes (puffy eyes). Bulging eyes. Light sensitivity. Pressure or pain in your eyes. Blurred or double vision. […] Rarely, people with Graves disease develop a lumpy, reddish thickening of the skin on their shins known as pretibial myxedema (called Graves dermopathy). It’s usually painless and mild, but it can be painful for some people. […] If Graves disease is properly treated, the prognosis (outlook) is generally good. […] Untreated or poorly managed Graves disease increases your risk for these complications: Heart problems: Untreated or undertreated Graves disease can cause arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat). Osteoporosis: Untreated or undertreated Graves disease can lead to osteoporosis (abnormal thinning and weakness of your bones), which can make you susceptible to repeated bone fractures. […] Symptoms include high fever and a rapid heart rate.

• #13 Graves’ disease | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/graves-disease

  Graves’ disease makes your thyroid gland produce too much thyroid hormone. […] Graves’ disease may cause bulging eyes, an enlarged thyroid gland, anxiety, a racing heart, feeling hot and tremor. […] Graves’ disease causes symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as: goitre an enlarged thyroid gland in your neck, feeling hot and sweaty, feeling tired, tremor or a racing heart, diarrhoea, unexpected weight loss, feeling short of breath. […] Other problems may include: feeling anxious or irritable, irregular menstrual bleeding, difficulties getting pregnant, difficulty sleeping. […] Symptoms specific to Graves’ disease may include: thyroid eye disease bulging eyes, eye swelling and double vision, Graves’ dermopathy thick and red skin on your feet and shins. […] About 2 in every 5 people with Graves’ disease develop thyroid eye disease. This is because the antibodies that attack your thyroid can also affect the eye muscles and tissues.

• #14 Thyroid Eye Disease (TED or Graves Eye Disease) | Kellogg Eye Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umkelloggeye.org/conditions-treatments/thyroid-eye-disease

  Graves eye disease, also known as thyroid eye disease, is an autoimmune condition in which immune cells attack the thyroid gland which responds by secreting an excess amount of thyroid hormone. […] The hypermetabolic state is characterized by fast pulse/heartbeat, palpitations, profuse sweating, high blood pressure, irritability, fatigue, weight loss, heat intolerance, and loss of hair and alterations in hair quality. […] In Graves eye disease the tissue around the eye is attacked, and the result is inflammation and swelling, causing: Redness and pain, Puffiness around the eyes, Bulging of the eyes, Dry eye and irritation, occurring when the eyelids cannot close completely over bulging eyes. […] Progressive swelling may cause: Increased pressure inside the eye socket, Pressure-pain or deep headache, which worsens with eye movements, Decreased vision, when swollen tissues push on the optic nerve.

• #15 Thyroid Eye Disease (TED or Graves Eye Disease) | Kellogg Eye Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umkelloggeye.org/conditions-treatments/thyroid-eye-disease

  The muscles around the eye are particularly susceptible to the attack of lymphocytes. As they tighten and lose their ability to stretch, these symptoms can occur: The eye is pushed forward in its socket causing a staring appearance, Restriction of the eyes normal movements, resulting in double vision. […] As symptoms build, many patients fear they will lose their vision. Fortunately, patients almost never go blind from Graves eye disease. […] In severe cases, the clear covering of the eye (cornea) may ulcerate, or the optic nerve may be damaged, either of which may result in a permanent loss of vision if not treated appropriately. […] Severe ophthalmopathy will affect 10% of patients. It is caused by inflammation of the muscles, which causes them to swell. […] They can also become stiff (scarred), which interferes with movement of the eyes and causes double vision or impinges upon the optic nerve, causing loss of vision.

• #16 Signs and symptoms of Graves’ disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms_of_Graves%27_disease

  Hyperthyroidism almost always causes general eye symptoms like dryness and irritation, regardless of what the cause of the hyperthyroid state is. […] About 20-25% of patients with Graves’ disease will suffer from clinically obvious Graves’ ophthalmopathy, and not just from the eye signs of hyperthyroidism. […] In approximately 20% of ophthalmopathy patients, ophthalmopathy appears before the onset of hyperthyroidism, in about 40% concurrently, and in about 20% in the six months after diagnosis. […] The extent of the reduction in bone density in most studies is 10-20%. […] If thyrotoxicosis is treated early, bone loss can be minimized. […] Hyperthyroidism has unique effects in children on growth and pubertal development, e.g. causing epiphyseal maturation. […] In older patients, emotional instability may be less evident, or depression may occur, and the symptoms and signs are manifestly circulatory. […] Considering the many signs and symptoms, the generally delayed diagnosis, and the possibility of residual complaints after treatment, it is little wonder that a significant number of people with Graves’ disease have difficulty keeping their job.

• #17 Graves’ Disease – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/graves-disease

  Rarely, people with Graves disease develop a condition that causes the skin to become reddish and thick, with a rough texture. Called Graves dermopathy or pretibial myxedema, the condition usually affects your shins but can also develop on the top of your feet and other parts of your body. Most cases are mild and painless.

• #18 Hyperthyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0301/p363.html

  Signs that are pathognomonic for Graves disease include orbitopathy, pretibial myxedema (thyroid dermopathy), and thyroid acropachy, which occur in 25%, 1.5%, and 0.3% of patients, respectively. […] Graves orbitopathy manifests as exophthalmos or periorbital edema, and it can trigger photophobia, excessive lacrimation, increased eye sensitivity to wind or smoke, or a sensation of a foreign body in the eyes. […] Pretibial myxedema, a less common finding, develops from fibroblast activation and manifests as swelling over the tibiae with the skin assuming a peau d’orange (orange peel) appearance. […] The choice of treatment depends on the benefits vs. risks in a specific clinical situation and on the patient’s preference. Graves disease requires one of the three treatment options: an antithyroid medication (methimazole [Tapazole] or propylthiouracil), radioactive iodine (I-131) ablation of the thyroid gland, or surgical thyroidectomy.

• #19 Graves disease | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/Graves-disease

  Approximately 2 percent of patients with Graves disease have what is called localized myxedema. This is characterized by painless lumps composed of edematous subcutaneous tissue and thickening of the overlying skin on the lower legs (sometimes called pretibial myxedema) or, rarely, the arms or trunk. Nearly all patients with localized myxedema have had hyperthyroidism in the past and have severe ophthalmopathy.

• #20 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Symptoms-of-Graves-disease.aspx

  The severity of the eye symptoms is not related to the severity of the hyperthyroidism. These are clinical features or symptoms that affect one or both eyes. The common symptoms that the patient experiences include: Eye irritation. There may be dryness or excessive tearing of eyes. Blurring of vision. Double vision. Pain on eye movement and pain and discomfort behind the eyes. Loss of vision. […] The common symptoms that the patient experiences include: Lumpy reddish thickening of the skin. This commonly occurs in front of the shins known as pretibial myxedema. This is painless and mild but may be painful. Skin problems do not necessarily begin precisely when the hyperthyroidism starts. Severity of skin problems are not related to the level of thyroid hormone.

• #21 Graves’ disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/graves-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20356240

  Graves’ disease is an immune system condition that affects the thyroid gland. It causes the body to make too much thyroid hormone. That condition is called hyperthyroidism. […] Graves’ disease symptoms also can affect those organs. […] Common symptoms of Graves’ disease include: Feeling nervous and irritable. Having a slight tremor of the hands or fingers. Being sensitive to heat with an increase in sweating or warm, moist skin. Losing weight, despite wanting to eat more. Having an enlarged thyroid gland, also called goiter. Having changes in menstrual cycles. Not being able to get or keep an erection, called erectile dysfunction, or having less desire for sex. Having bowel movements often. Having bulging eyes a condition called thyroid eye disease or Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Being tired. Having thick, discolored skin mostly on the shins or tops of the feet, called Graves’ dermopathy. Having fast or irregular heartbeat, called palpitations. Not sleeping well.

• #22

  https://healthmatch.io/graves-disease/symptoms-of-graves-disease

  Some fairly characteristic skin changes are associated with Graves disease. […] Weight loss with Graves disease is very common, although around 10% of people may gain weight. […] If you have Graves disease, you may feel hot all the time and notice that you become irritable or distressed in warmer surroundings. This is termed heat intolerance. […] One symptom of Graves disease is increased sweating. […] If you have Graves disease, you may notice a fine tremor in your hands or fingers. […] Graves disease can trigger feelings of anxiety, nervousness, and irritability. […] Insomnia, sleep disturbances, and difficulty sleeping can all be symptoms of Graves disease. […] It’s common to feel that your heart is racing or beating irregularly if your thyroid is overactive. […] Very high levels of thyroid hormone can cause you to feel short of breath.

• #23

  https://healthmatch.io/graves-disease/symptoms-of-graves-disease

  Graves disease can lead to diarrhea, frequent bowel movements, or hyper defecation. […] If you’re a woman and have Graves disease, you may notice that you have lighter periods than usual (called oligomenorrhea), or your menstrual cycle may become irregular. […] Graves disease can cause loss of libido in both men and women and can lead to erectile dysfunction in men. […] One clue that you may have Graves disease is if your hair begins thinning or falling out. […] If you develop Graves disease when you’re older, you may have symptoms that aren’t typically associated with an overactive thyroid, or your symptoms may not be as obvious as those in younger people. […] Your symptoms may be subtle and can include fatigue, unexplained weight loss, and new-onset atrial fibrillation.

• #24 Graves disease Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/graves-disease

  Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism). […] Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is due to an abnormal immune system response that causes the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone. […] Younger people may have these symptoms: Anxiety or nervousness, as well as problems sleeping; Breast enlargement in men (possible); Problems concentrating; Fatigue; Frequent bowel movements; Hair loss; Heat intolerance and increased sweating; Increased appetite, despite having weight loss; Irregular menstrual periods in women; Muscle weakness of the hips and shoulders; Moodiness, including irritability and anger; Palpitations (sensation of a strong or unusual heartbeat); Rapid or irregular heartbeat; Shortness of breath with activity; Shaking hands (tremors); Weight loss.

• #25 Graves disease Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/graves-disease

  Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism). […] Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is due to an abnormal immune system response that causes the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone. […] Younger people may have these symptoms: Anxiety or nervousness, as well as problems sleeping; Breast enlargement in men (possible); Problems concentrating; Fatigue; Frequent bowel movements; Hair loss; Heat intolerance and increased sweating; Increased appetite, despite having weight loss; Irregular menstrual periods in women; Muscle weakness of the hips and shoulders; Moodiness, including irritability and anger; Palpitations (sensation of a strong or unusual heartbeat); Rapid or irregular heartbeat; Shortness of breath with activity; Shaking hands (tremors); Weight loss.

• #26 What Causes Graves Disease? Key Triggers Explained – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/what-causes-graves-disease

  Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder in which autoantibodies stimulate the thyroid, leading to excessive hormone production and hyperthyroidism. It affects many bodily functions like metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature. […] The increased thyroid hormone production results in Graves disease with symptoms of hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). […] Patients with Graves disease can have a wide range of hyperthyroidism symptoms throughout their body, including: Enlarged thyroid gland (goiter), Fatigue, Mild tremor in the hands or fingers, Heat sensitivity, Increased sweating, Warm, moist skin, Weight loss despite a normal or increased appetite, Menstrual cycle changes, Erectile dysfunction (inability to get or keep an erection), Decreased libido, Frequent bowel movements, Nervousness or irritability, Bulging eyes (called Graves ophthalmopathy or thyroid eye disease), Thick, discolored skin on the feet and shins (called Graves dermopathy or pretibial myxedema), Palpitations (rapid and irregular heartbeat, especially in elderly people), Sleep difficulties.

• #27 What’s Wrong With Me | Graves’ Disease and Thyroid Foundation

  https://gdatf.org/bulletins/whats-wrong-with-me/

  A person usually feels sad or anxious with the typical psychiatric depression or anxiety. These emotions are not always reported in Graves disease. You may feel as if you have all the symptoms of anxiety or depression, such as palpitations, being shaky, or feeling irritable or fatigued. […] The results also indicated that Graves patients sometimes went for very long periods of time before seeking treatment. 23% of the survey respondents reported waiting 3 to 6 months before seeking help for their symptoms. Over 35% waited over six months! […] Although they reported that their functioning did improve somewhat once they received treatment for their Graves, it was still much worse when compared to how they were functioning prior to the onset of their Graves symptoms. […] Graves patients also commonly report a variety of neurocognitive complaints. The most frequent are poor attention, diminished concentration and memory problems.

• #28 What’s Wrong With Me | Graves’ Disease and Thyroid Foundation

  https://gdatf.org/bulletins/whats-wrong-with-me/

  Most of these neurocognitive changes improve after successful treatment of Graves disease according to self-report and objective measures. Some cognitive deficits may not improve so easily in patients who have had untreated Graves for a long period of time. […] It is so important to realize that what you are going through may be very common for individuals with Graves disease and their loved ones. These symptoms may be part of the physical disease that affects your thyroid, your eyes, and possibly your brain. Treatment of the disease is essential, though as already mentioned, some symptoms may still remain for some time following the point your doctor tells you that your thyroid hormone levels are normal.

• #29 Graves Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448195/

  The natural history of Graves disease is well documented and eventually, all patients become hypothyroid and require hormone replacement therapy. […] Similarly, the ocular features of the disorder also become quiescent with time. Some patients may develop recurrence of hyperthyroidism after ablation and further therapy with radioactive iodine is needed.

• #30 Graves’ Disease: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15244-graves-disease

  Graves disease causes hyperthyroidism, which speeds up certain body functions. There are many symptoms of hyperthyroidism. You may experience some of these symptoms and not others, or many of them at the same time. […] Symptoms of hyperthyroidism can include: Rapid heartbeat (palpitations). Feeling shaky and/or nervous. Weight loss. Increased appetite. Diarrhea and/or more frequent bowel movements. Thin, warm and moist skin. Intolerance to heat and excessive sweating. Difficulty sleeping, such as insomnia. Enlarged thyroid gland (goiter). Hair loss and change in hair texture (brittle). Menstrual changes. Muscle weakness. […] The onset of symptoms of Graves disease is usually gradual, often taking several weeks or months to develop. […] If you’re experiencing these symptoms, see your healthcare provider.

• #31 Long term outcomes of patients with Graves’ Disease

  https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/ct-for-patients/february-2024/vol-17-issue-2-p-7-8/

  Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States. Graves disease is caused by an antibody that attacks and turns on the thyroid. […] Patients frequently ask their physician how long they will need to take anti-thyroid medications or whether they will have Graves disease forever. Unfortunately, the long-term behavior of Graves disease remains unknown. […] Following the initial 2-year study, 82 patients (45%) had a relapse of their Graves disease. 20 years later only 11% of those that had relapsed were able to maintain normal thyroid function. The remaining 89% needed definitive treatment, either with radioactive iodine therapy or thyroid surgery. […] Overall, only 34% of all patients were in remission at the 20-year follow-up. […] This research shows that Graves disease is a challenging condition with unpredictable long-term results. Many patients go through a persistent or recurring pattern and need either decisive treatment or prolonged use of antithyroid medications. Additionally, many develop other autoimmune disorders or thyroid eye disease. Given the relatively frequent rate of disease recurrence, even in those who initially achieved remission, long term monitoring of thyroid function is necessary.

• #32 Graves Disease: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/120619-overview

  Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism due to circulating autoantibodies. […] Common physical findings in Graves disease, organized by anatomic region, are as follows: General – Increased basal metabolic rate, weight loss despite increase in or similar appetite. […] If left untreated, Graves disease can cause severe thyrotoxicosis. A life-threatening thyrotoxic crisis (ie, thyroid storm) can occur. Long-standing severe thyrotoxicosis leads to severe weight loss with catabolism of bone and muscle. […] Progression of ophthalmopathy can lead to compromised vision and blindness. Visual loss due to corneal lesions or optic nerve compression can be seen in severe Graves ophthalmopathy. […] The natural history of Graves disease is that most patients become hypothyroid and require replacement. Similarly, the ophthalmopathy generally becomes quiescent. On occasion, hyperthyroidism returns because of persisting thyroid tissue after ablation and high antibody titers of anti-TSI. Further therapy may be necessary in the form of surgery or radioactive iodine ablation.

• #33 Signs and symptoms of Graves’ disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms_of_Graves%27_disease

  The signs and symptoms of Graves’ disease generally result from the direct and indirect effects of hyperthyroidism, although they can also be caused by other thyroidal conditions, such as Graves’ ophthalmopathy, goitre and pretibial myxedema. These clinical manifestations can involve virtually every system in the body. […] The severity of the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism is related to the duration of the disease, the magnitude of the thyroid hormone excess, and the patient’s age. […] Patients with Graves’ disease can also undergo periods of hypothyroidism (inadequate production of thyroid hormone; see symptoms of hypothyroidism), due to the challenges of finding the right dosage of thyroid hormone suppression and/or supplementation. […] Thyroid autoimmune diseases can also be volatile, as hyperthyroidism can interchange with hypothyroidism and euthyroidism.

• #34 What’s the Best Way to Treat Graves’ Disease? | ColumbiaDoctors

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/news/whats-best-way-treat-graves-disease

  People in their 20s and 30s may have few of these symptoms or not feel them until the condition is more severe because their bodies are able to handle some amount of hyperthyroidism. […] People in their 60s and older may not feel all the symptoms either because age changes the way people detect bodily sensations. Some may have low energy, weight loss, or newly develop an abnormal heart rhythm.

• #35 Graves Disease in Children

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/graves-disease-in-children

  Graves disease is an autoimmune disease. With Graves disease, antibodies cause the thyroid gland to make too much thyroid hormone. This is known as hyperthyroidism. Excess thyroid hormone in the bloodstream causes the body’s metabolism to be too active. This can lead to problems, such as weight loss, nervousness, fast or irregular heartbeat, tiredness, and other issues. Graves disease is an ongoing (chronic) condition that needs lifelong treatment or watching. […] The signs of Graves disease may be different in children than in adults. Signs can occur a bit differently in each child. They can include: An enlarged thyroid gland in the front of neck (goiter). Trouble swallowing. Bulging eyes. Weight loss or not enough weight gain even with an increased appetite. Fast heartbeat, increased blood pressure. Increased sweating. Inability to tolerate warm weather. Trouble sleeping. Changes in menstrual periods. Hair loss, especially scalp hair. Weakness. Tiredness (fatigue). Irritability, nervousness, and mood swings. Trouble concentrating leading to poor school performance. Emotional outbursts, such as crying or yelling. Fast growth rate that slows early and may lead to short height. Increased urination or bowel movements, bed-wetting.

• #36 Hyperthyroidism and Graves’ Disease (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hyperthyroidism.html

  High thyroid hormone levels (hyperthyroidism) can cause: nervousness, irritability, increased sweating, bulging eyes, trouble sleeping, a fast heartbeat, irregular menstrual periods in females, weight loss. […] Kids and teens with Graves’ disease might notice that: they’re more tired than usual, they have lots of trouble sleeping, they lose weight, their heart is beating very fast, their hands shake (called tremor), they have a lot of trouble focusing. […] Some people with Graves’ disease have troubles with their eyes itching, burning, redness, and sometimes trouble seeing normally. Sometimes they feel pressure behind the eyes, feel their eyes bulging, or see double. This is because the antibodies that make the thyroid overactive also cause inflammation and swelling behind the eyes. When this happens, it’s called Graves’ eye disease.

• #37 Graves Disease in Children

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/graves-disease-in-children

  Graves disease can be harder to diagnose in children who are normally or only mildly hyperactive. A parent may mistake a child’s behavior for hyperactivity or a psychiatric condition. […] Too much thyroid hormone in the bloodstream causes the body’s metabolism to be too active. It can lead to problems, such as weight loss, nervousness, fast heartbeat, tiredness, and other issues. […] Treatment may include antithyroid medicine or radioactive iodine. In some cases, surgery may be needed to remove all or part of the thyroid gland. […] Finding the right treatment for your child may not be easy. It can take time to find the correct dose of medicine or to decide to try another treatment.

• #38 Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of Graves disease in children and adolescents – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-graves-disease-in-children-and-adolescents

  Graves disease is caused by autoantibodies that bind to and activate the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor (TSHR-Ab) or thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb), stimulating growth of the thyroid and overproduction of thyroid hormone. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children. […] Clinical manifestations of Graves disease include diffuse goiter and symptoms and signs resulting from hyperthyroidism. Graves disease is often associated with thyroid eye disease (TED; previously called „Graves ophthalmopathy”), which is only rarely associated with other causes of thyrotoxicosis. By contrast, „stare” and lid lag (eye findings resulting from sympathetic overactivity) may be present in any form of hyperthyroidism. In children, hyperthyroidism also tends to have effects on growth and development.

• #39 Pediatric Hyperthyroidism | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/pediatric-hyperthyroidism/

  Hyperthyroidism happens when a child’s thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone than they need. […] When the thyroid gland releases too much hormone, this speeds up a child’s metabolism and causes problems such as anxiousness, weight loss and tremors. […] Treatment is important because hyperthyroidism can cause cognitive delay in children under 3 years old, which affects their ability to think and learn. […] Untreated hyperthyroidism can also cause children to grow quickly at first, and then stop growing early. This can cause short stature. […] Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children. […] Common signs and symptoms include: Weight loss, Fast or irregular heart rate, Raised blood pressure, Enlarged thyroid gland at the front of the neck, also called a goiter, Tremors, Poor heat tolerance and sweating, Anxiousness and irritability, Hyperactivity or restlessness, Difficulty concentrating, Trouble sleeping, Loose or increased bowel movements (pooping), Fatigue, For girls: light, infrequent menstrual periods, Increased appetite.

• #40 What’s the Best Way to Treat Graves’ Disease? | ColumbiaDoctors

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/news/whats-best-way-treat-graves-disease

  People in their 20s and 30s may have few of these symptoms or not feel them until the condition is more severe because their bodies are able to handle some amount of hyperthyroidism. […] People in their 60s and older may not feel all the symptoms either because age changes the way people detect bodily sensations. Some may have low energy, weight loss, or newly develop an abnormal heart rhythm.

• #41 Graves disease Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/graves-disease

  Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism). […] Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is due to an abnormal immune system response that causes the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone. […] Younger people may have these symptoms: Anxiety or nervousness, as well as problems sleeping; Breast enlargement in men (possible); Problems concentrating; Fatigue; Frequent bowel movements; Hair loss; Heat intolerance and increased sweating; Increased appetite, despite having weight loss; Irregular menstrual periods in women; Muscle weakness of the hips and shoulders; Moodiness, including irritability and anger; Palpitations (sensation of a strong or unusual heartbeat); Rapid or irregular heartbeat; Shortness of breath with activity; Shaking hands (tremors); Weight loss.

• #42 Graves Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448195/

  In younger patients, common presentations include heat intolerance, sweating, fatigue, weight loss, palpitation, hyper defecation, and tremors. Other features include insomnia, anxiety, nervousness, hyperkinesia, dyspnea, muscle weakness, pruritus, polyuria, oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in the female, loss of libido, and neck fullness. […] Physical signs of hyperthyroidism include tachycardia, systolic hypertension with increased pulse pressure, signs of heart failure (like edema, rales, jugular venous distension, tachypnea), atrial fibrillation, fine tremors, hyperkinesia, hyperreflexia, warm and moist skin, palmar erythema and onycholysis, hair loss, diffuse palpable goiter with thyroid bruit and altered mental status. […] Signs of extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves disease include ophthalmopathy like eyelid retraction, proptosis, periorbital edema, chemosis, scleral injection, exposure keratitis.

• #43 Hyperthyroidism – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperthyroidism/symptoms-causes/syc-20373659

  Hyperthyroidism can cause many symptoms, including: […] Older adults are more likely to have symptoms that are hard to notice. These symptoms may include an irregular heartbeat, weight loss, depression, and feeling weak or tired during ordinary activities. […] Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the thyroid gland. That prompts the thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone. Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. […] Symptoms of thyroid eye disease include: Bulging eyes. Gritty sensation in the eyes. Pressure or pain in the eyes. Puffy or retracted eyelids. Reddened or inflamed eyes. Light sensitivity. Double vision. […] In rare cases, people with Graves’ disease develop Graves’ dermopathy. This causes the skin to change colors and swell, often on the shins and feet. […] Hyperthyroidism raises the risk of thyrotoxic crisis. It causes severe, sometimes life-threatening symptoms. It requires emergency medical care. Symptoms may include: Fever. Fast heartbeat. Nausea. Vomiting. Diarrhea. Dehydration. Confusion. Delirium.

• #44 Graves disease Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/graves-disease

  Many people with Graves disease have problems with their eyes: The eyeballs may seem to be bulging out and may be painful. Eyes can feel irritated, itchy, or tear more frequently. Double vision may be present. Decreased vision and damage to the cornea can also occur in severe cases. […] Older people may have these symptoms: Rapid or irregular heartbeat; Chest pain; Memory loss or decreased concentration; Weakness and fatigue. […] Graves disease often responds well to treatment. Thyroid surgery or radioactive iodine often will cause an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). Without getting the correct dosage of thyroid hormone replacement, hypothyroidism can lead to: Depression; Mental and physical sluggishness; Weight gain; Dry skin; Constipation; Cold intolerance; Abnormal menstrual periods in women.

• #45

  https://healthmatch.io/graves-disease/symptoms-of-graves-disease

  Graves disease can lead to diarrhea, frequent bowel movements, or hyper defecation. […] If you’re a woman and have Graves disease, you may notice that you have lighter periods than usual (called oligomenorrhea), or your menstrual cycle may become irregular. […] Graves disease can cause loss of libido in both men and women and can lead to erectile dysfunction in men. […] One clue that you may have Graves disease is if your hair begins thinning or falling out. […] If you develop Graves disease when you’re older, you may have symptoms that aren’t typically associated with an overactive thyroid, or your symptoms may not be as obvious as those in younger people. […] Your symptoms may be subtle and can include fatigue, unexplained weight loss, and new-onset atrial fibrillation.

• #46 Signs and symptoms of Graves’ disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms_of_Graves%27_disease

  Hyperthyroidism almost always causes general eye symptoms like dryness and irritation, regardless of what the cause of the hyperthyroid state is. […] About 20-25% of patients with Graves’ disease will suffer from clinically obvious Graves’ ophthalmopathy, and not just from the eye signs of hyperthyroidism. […] In approximately 20% of ophthalmopathy patients, ophthalmopathy appears before the onset of hyperthyroidism, in about 40% concurrently, and in about 20% in the six months after diagnosis. […] The extent of the reduction in bone density in most studies is 10-20%. […] If thyrotoxicosis is treated early, bone loss can be minimized. […] Hyperthyroidism has unique effects in children on growth and pubertal development, e.g. causing epiphyseal maturation. […] In older patients, emotional instability may be less evident, or depression may occur, and the symptoms and signs are manifestly circulatory. […] Considering the many signs and symptoms, the generally delayed diagnosis, and the possibility of residual complaints after treatment, it is little wonder that a significant number of people with Graves’ disease have difficulty keeping their job.

• #47 Graves’ Disease Treatment, Diagnosis, Symptoms & Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/graves_disease/article_em.htm

  Other signs of ocular disease due to Graves’ disease include: Bulging eyes, Gritty, irritated eyes, Pressure or pain in your eyes, Blurred or double vision, Swelling of the tissues around the eyes or puffy eyes, Light sensitivity. […] Eye complications due to Graves’ disease are called thyroid eye disease or Graves’ ophthalmopathy or orbitopathy. […] Pretibial myxedema, also called Graves’ dermopathy, is a lumpy, reddish thickening of the skin on the shins that occurs infrequently in persons with Graves’ disease. […] Graves’ ophthalmopathy does not always show immediate improvement with treatment. Symptoms may even get worse for three to six months. Then, the symptoms usually normalize and get better for a year or more, often without treatment.

• #48 Thyroid Eye Disease (TED or Graves Eye Disease) | Kellogg Eye Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umkelloggeye.org/conditions-treatments/thyroid-eye-disease

  The muscles around the eye are particularly susceptible to the attack of lymphocytes. As they tighten and lose their ability to stretch, these symptoms can occur: The eye is pushed forward in its socket causing a staring appearance, Restriction of the eyes normal movements, resulting in double vision. […] As symptoms build, many patients fear they will lose their vision. Fortunately, patients almost never go blind from Graves eye disease. […] In severe cases, the clear covering of the eye (cornea) may ulcerate, or the optic nerve may be damaged, either of which may result in a permanent loss of vision if not treated appropriately. […] Severe ophthalmopathy will affect 10% of patients. It is caused by inflammation of the muscles, which causes them to swell. […] They can also become stiff (scarred), which interferes with movement of the eyes and causes double vision or impinges upon the optic nerve, causing loss of vision.

• #49

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/overactive-thyroid-hyperthyroidism/complications/

  Eye problems, known as thyroid eye disease or Graves’ ophthalmopathy, affect around 1 in 4 people with an overactive thyroid caused by Graves’ disease. […] Many people have mild eye symptoms, which get better as their overactive thyroid is treated. But some people may continue to have problems with their eyes. […] If Graves ophthalmology is particularly severe it can cause vision loss. […] Symptoms of a thyroid storm include: a rapid heartbeat, a high temperature, high blood pressure (hypertension), yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), severe agitation and confusion, loss of consciousness.

• #50 Thyroid Eye Disease (TED or Graves Eye Disease) | Kellogg Eye Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umkelloggeye.org/conditions-treatments/thyroid-eye-disease

  In some patients, eye protrusion makes it difficult for the lids to close properly and the cornea becomes exposed and vulnerable. […] When the optic nerve is compromised, progressive and irreversible vision loss occurs. […] Treatment during the active phase of the disease focuses on preserving sight and the integrity of the cornea as well as providing treatment for double vision when it interferes with daily functioning and becomes bothersome. […] Most patients experience relief from dry eyes by using artificial tears throughout the day and gels or ointments at night. […] In some cases, acute swelling causing double vision or loss of vision may be treated for a limited time with prednisone. […] However, prednisone given for more than a few weeks at the dosages required to suppress the autoimmune inflammation always causes bothersome side-effects that may become severe. […] Surgical decompression can also be used during the active phase, most often to relieve optic neuropathy. […] It is also helpful in reducing congestion, redness, pain, and ocular exposure.

• #51 Graves Disease Symptoms & Treatment | Paul Fitzgerald, M.D.

  http://fitzgeraldmd.com/thyroid/graves-disease

  Symptoms of Graves disease are those of hyperthyroidism and may include anxiety, restlessness, irritability, emotional instability, inability to concentrate, fatigue, muscle weakness or cramps, heat intolerance, and increased sweating. […] Cardiac symptoms can include palpitations with a fast or forceful heartbeat, shortness of breath, atrial fibrillation, or angina. […] Patients usually lose weight, despite a good appetite; but an occasional patient ironically gains weight because hyperthyroidism usually increases appetite. […] Hip hop singer Missy Elliott was diagnosed with Graves disease after experiencing dizzy spells, mood swings, hair loss, a fast heart rate, and bulging eyes. […] Most, but not all, patients with Graves disease have an enlarged thyroid (goiter). […] Exophthalmus develops in only a minority of patients with Graves disease, but the risk is greatly increased in smokers. […] Although nearly 50% of patients with Graves disease have some eye complaints, only about 5% develop exophthalmos that is serious enough to warrant treatment.

• #52 Graves’ disease | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/graves-disease

  If Graves’ disease returns there are a few options for further treatment, including: radioactive iodine therapy this treatment uses radioactive iodine to shrink or destroy the thyroid gland, surgery you may need surgery to remove part or all of your thyroid gland, long-term medicine you may need to continue taking medicine if it helps and you can tolerate it well. […] Graves’ disease can have serious complications if not diagnosed and treated. Complications can affect your: heart function, bone structure, eyes.

• #53 Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14129-hyperthyroidism

  These symptoms can start suddenly or develop slowly over time. Its important to see your healthcare provider if you develop hyperthyroidism symptoms. […] Hyperthyroidism is a treatable condition. Most people do well with treatment. While some forms of treatment require you to take medication for the rest of your life, this will help keep your thyroid hormone levels in a healthy range. […] Untreated hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease may get worse over time and cause complications, like Graves eye disease (Graves ophthalmopathy). […] Complications from untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism include: Atrial fibrillation (Afib). Congestive heart failure. Infertility. Ischemic stroke. Osteoporosis. […] A rare and life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism is thyroid storm (thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis). It happens when your thyroid makes and releases a large amount of thyroid hormone in a short amount of time. Its an emergency that requires immediate medical attention. […] Untreated or inadequately treated hyperthyroidism can cause thyroid storm. Stressors like infection, injury or surgery may trigger it.

• #54 Hyperthyroidism – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperthyroidism/symptoms-causes/syc-20373659

  Hyperthyroidism can cause many symptoms, including: […] Older adults are more likely to have symptoms that are hard to notice. These symptoms may include an irregular heartbeat, weight loss, depression, and feeling weak or tired during ordinary activities. […] Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the thyroid gland. That prompts the thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone. Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. […] Symptoms of thyroid eye disease include: Bulging eyes. Gritty sensation in the eyes. Pressure or pain in the eyes. Puffy or retracted eyelids. Reddened or inflamed eyes. Light sensitivity. Double vision. […] In rare cases, people with Graves’ disease develop Graves’ dermopathy. This causes the skin to change colors and swell, often on the shins and feet. […] Hyperthyroidism raises the risk of thyrotoxic crisis. It causes severe, sometimes life-threatening symptoms. It requires emergency medical care. Symptoms may include: Fever. Fast heartbeat. Nausea. Vomiting. Diarrhea. Dehydration. Confusion. Delirium.

• #55 What Causes Graves Disease? Key Triggers Explained – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/what-causes-graves-disease

  A severe flare-up of Graves disease is called a thyroid storm, thyrotoxic crisis, or accelerated hyperthyroidism. This is a medical emergency and is more likely to happen in people with untreated or undertreated severe hyperthyroidism. […] During a thyroid storm, there is a sudden and dramatic rise in thyroid hormone levels in the body. This causes symptoms such as fever, weakness, tremors, sweating, confusion, delirium, irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure, and coma. […] Graves disease does not affect how long you can live if you manage the condition well. However, without treatment, serious complications of Graves disease, such as thyroid storm and heart disease, can affect life expectancy.

• #56

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/overactive-thyroid-hyperthyroidism/complications/

  Eye problems, known as thyroid eye disease or Graves’ ophthalmopathy, affect around 1 in 4 people with an overactive thyroid caused by Graves’ disease. […] Many people have mild eye symptoms, which get better as their overactive thyroid is treated. But some people may continue to have problems with their eyes. […] If Graves ophthalmology is particularly severe it can cause vision loss. […] Symptoms of a thyroid storm include: a rapid heartbeat, a high temperature, high blood pressure (hypertension), yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), severe agitation and confusion, loss of consciousness.

• #57 Graves’ Disease | Nationwide Children’s Hospital.

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/graves-disease

  With Graves disease, antibodies attack the thyroid gland, making and releasing too much thyroid hormone. […] Too much thyroid hormone in the blood is called hyperthyroidism. […] Problems sleeping, tiredness, weakness […] Weight loss, even when eating normal […] Fast or irregular heart rate […] High blood pressure […] Shaky hands (tremors) […] A bulge at the base of the neck (goiter) […] Problems swallowing or feeling like the neck is swollen […] Problems focusing […] Increased energy […] Sensitivity to heat or cold […] Hair that breaks easily […] Change in menstrual periods […] Bulging eyes, seeing double […] Irritability, mood swings, and emotional outbursts, like crying or yelling. […] When the body makes too much thyroid hormone, it can cause: Heart problems: A fast or irregular heart rate can lead to congestive heart failure. […] Thyrotoxic crisis: A sudden increase in the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, like fast a heart rate and confusion. This rarely happens. If it does, get medical care right away.

• #58 Graves’ Disease > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/graves-disease

  When Graves disease is untreated or is not well-controlled, some people may experience complications like arrhythmia, heart failure, or stroke. […] Complications of Graves disease, including arrhythmia, heart failure, or stroke, may shorten an individual’s life expectancy, but these complications are not common among people who manage their disease.

• #59 Understanding Graves’ Disease Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment | Oak Street Health

  https://www.oakstreethealth.com/understanding-graves-disease-symptoms-causes-and-treatment-2056096

  Perhaps the most prevalent complication is hyperthyroidism, when the thyroid is too active and thyroid hormone production goes into overdrive. […] Symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism include: Difficulty concentrating, Enlarged thyroid gland, Hair loss, Difficulty tolerating heat, Sweating more than usual, Weak nails, Restlessness or nervousness, High blood pressure, Nausea, Loss of bone density, Skin rashes. […] About one third of Graves’ disease cases lead to eye problems called Graves’ eye disease (otherwise known as ophthalmopathy or thyroid eye disease). […] The most common heart-related symptom related to excess thyroid hormones is heart palpitations. But if Graves’ disease is left untreated, it can increase the risk of various heart diseases, including: Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Atrial fibrillation, Tachycardia. […] If left untreated, Graves’ disease can worsen overtime. However, with proper treatment and regular check-ups with a healthcare provider, Graves’ disease doesn’t worsen with age.

• #60 Graves’ Disease: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15244-graves-disease

  Graves disease can also cause eye disease symptoms, including: Gritty, irritated eyes. Swelling of the tissues around your eyes (puffy eyes). Bulging eyes. Light sensitivity. Pressure or pain in your eyes. Blurred or double vision. […] Rarely, people with Graves disease develop a lumpy, reddish thickening of the skin on their shins known as pretibial myxedema (called Graves dermopathy). It’s usually painless and mild, but it can be painful for some people. […] If Graves disease is properly treated, the prognosis (outlook) is generally good. […] Untreated or poorly managed Graves disease increases your risk for these complications: Heart problems: Untreated or undertreated Graves disease can cause arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat). Osteoporosis: Untreated or undertreated Graves disease can lead to osteoporosis (abnormal thinning and weakness of your bones), which can make you susceptible to repeated bone fractures. […] Symptoms include high fever and a rapid heart rate.

• #61 Graves’ Disease | Cooper University Health Care

  https://www.cooperhealth.org/services/graves-disease

  Left untreated, Graves disease can lead to complications such as pregnancy issues, heart disorders, brittle bones, and a life-threatening condition called thyroid storm. The sudden increase in thyroid hormones creates a storm of effects including severe weakness, fever, seizures, delirium, severe low blood pressure, and coma.

• #62 Graves’ Disease: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15244-graves-disease

  Graves disease can also cause eye disease symptoms, including: Gritty, irritated eyes. Swelling of the tissues around your eyes (puffy eyes). Bulging eyes. Light sensitivity. Pressure or pain in your eyes. Blurred or double vision. […] Rarely, people with Graves disease develop a lumpy, reddish thickening of the skin on their shins known as pretibial myxedema (called Graves dermopathy). It’s usually painless and mild, but it can be painful for some people. […] If Graves disease is properly treated, the prognosis (outlook) is generally good. […] Untreated or poorly managed Graves disease increases your risk for these complications: Heart problems: Untreated or undertreated Graves disease can cause arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat). Osteoporosis: Untreated or undertreated Graves disease can lead to osteoporosis (abnormal thinning and weakness of your bones), which can make you susceptible to repeated bone fractures. […] Symptoms include high fever and a rapid heart rate.

• #63 The long-term effects of Graves’ disease

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/long-term-effects-of-graves-disease

  Graves disease is an autoimmune condition that stimulates excessive thyroid hormone production. It can cause long-term effects that affect cardiovascular health, bone integrity, and mental well-being. […] The disease causes immediate symptoms, such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and bulging eyes, which significantly affect an individuals health. […] Persistent effects can range from heart conditions to osteoporosis, affecting a persons health in multiple ways. […] Graves disease has many potential long-term effects, which can significantly affect an individuals health and quality of life. […] Over time, the excess thyroid hormone can interfere with the bodys ability to incorporate calcium into the bones. As a result, the bones become weaker, and a person has an increased risk of fractures.

• #64 Signs and symptoms of Graves’ disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms_of_Graves%27_disease

  Hyperthyroidism almost always causes general eye symptoms like dryness and irritation, regardless of what the cause of the hyperthyroid state is. […] About 20-25% of patients with Graves’ disease will suffer from clinically obvious Graves’ ophthalmopathy, and not just from the eye signs of hyperthyroidism. […] In approximately 20% of ophthalmopathy patients, ophthalmopathy appears before the onset of hyperthyroidism, in about 40% concurrently, and in about 20% in the six months after diagnosis. […] The extent of the reduction in bone density in most studies is 10-20%. […] If thyrotoxicosis is treated early, bone loss can be minimized. […] Hyperthyroidism has unique effects in children on growth and pubertal development, e.g. causing epiphyseal maturation. […] In older patients, emotional instability may be less evident, or depression may occur, and the symptoms and signs are manifestly circulatory. […] Considering the many signs and symptoms, the generally delayed diagnosis, and the possibility of residual complaints after treatment, it is little wonder that a significant number of people with Graves’ disease have difficulty keeping their job.

• #65 Dangerous Complications of Untreated Graves’ Disease

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/graves-disease/dangerous-complications-of-untreated-graves-disease/

  Thyroid hormones control how your heart beats, so an overproduction causes the heart to beat faster and harder than normal. […] In people with hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease, the excess thyroid hormone speeds up the rate of bone loss, to where bone can’t be replaced quickly enough. This can lead to decreased bone mineral density, increased bone fracture risk, and, eventually, osteoporosis. The longer hyperthyroidism goes untreated, the greater the risk of osteoporosis, especially in postmenopausal women. […] Treating Graves disease is the number one way to help prevent potentially dangerous health complications.

• #66 Graves’ disease

  https://womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/graves-disease

  Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease that damages the thyroid gland. Symptoms of Graves’ disease may include bulging eyes, weight loss, and a fast metabolism. […] Symptoms of Graves’ disease include: Bulging eyes (only in Graves’ disease), Thickening and reddening of the skin, especially on the shins and upper feet (only in Graves’ disease), Irritability or nervousness, Tiredness or muscle weakness, Heat sensitivity, Trouble sleeping, Shaky hands, Rapid and irregular heartbeat, Diarrhea, Weight loss without dieting, goiter, which is an enlarged thyroid that can cause the neck to look swollen. The symptoms of Graves’ disease can start slowly or very suddenly. Some people do not have any symptoms. […] Untreated or poorly treated Graves’ disease can lead to problems during pregnancy, such as: Preeclampsia, Premature birth, Placental abruption, Miscarriage, Heart failure. It also can lead to serious problems for your baby, such as: Fast heart rate, Low birth weight, Stillbirth, Birth defects, Thyroid problems.

• #67 Graves Disease in Pregnancy – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=graves-disease-in-pregnancy-90-P02460

  Some pregnant women have a severe life-threatening form of hyperthyroidism called thyroid storm. This is a condition in which there are very high levels of thyroid hormone. It can cause high fever, dehydration, diarrhea, fast and irregular heartbeat, shock, and even death, if not treated. […] The most common complication is preeclampsia, a kind of high blood pressure of pregnancy.

• #68 Graves Disease in Pregnancy – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=graves-disease-in-pregnancy-90-P02460

  Goiter (too-large thyroid gland bulging in the front of neck) […] Bulging eyes […] Thickened skin over the shin […] Nervousness […] Irritability […] Sweating more than normal […] Thinning of the skin […] Fine, brittle hair […] Weak muscles, especially in the upper arms and thighs […] Shaky hands […] Fast heartbeat […] High blood pressure […] Increased bowel movements […] Weight loss […] Sleeping problems […] Eye sensitivity to light […] Staring […] Confusion […] Goiter in the unborn baby […] Graves disease usually gets worse in the first half of pregnancy. It gets better in the second half, and then gets worse again after delivery. […] Hyperthyroidism that is out of control may lead to preterm birth. This is birth before 37 weeks of pregnancy. It can also lead to low birth weight of the baby. The most common complication is preeclampsia. This is a kind of high blood pressure of pregnancy.

• #69 Graves’ Disease: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15244-graves-disease

  Graves disease can also cause eye disease symptoms, including: Gritty, irritated eyes. Swelling of the tissues around your eyes (puffy eyes). Bulging eyes. Light sensitivity. Pressure or pain in your eyes. Blurred or double vision. […] Rarely, people with Graves disease develop a lumpy, reddish thickening of the skin on their shins known as pretibial myxedema (called Graves dermopathy). It’s usually painless and mild, but it can be painful for some people. […] If Graves disease is properly treated, the prognosis (outlook) is generally good. […] Untreated or poorly managed Graves disease increases your risk for these complications: Heart problems: Untreated or undertreated Graves disease can cause arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat). Osteoporosis: Untreated or undertreated Graves disease can lead to osteoporosis (abnormal thinning and weakness of your bones), which can make you susceptible to repeated bone fractures. […] Symptoms include high fever and a rapid heart rate.

• #70 Graves’ Disease – What is Graves’ Disease and What Causes It?

  https://www.webmd.com/women/understanding-graves-disease-basics

  The most common symptoms of Graves’ disease are symptoms of hyperthyroidism, which include: […] Graves’ disease may also cause you to have symptoms that involve your eyes. […] Graves’ disease eye symptoms appear in 1 in 3 people with Graves’ disease. These symptoms are often mild and include: […] You can have these symptoms before you start having Graves’ disease symptoms. […] In rare cases, untreated Graves’ disease can cause you to have a life-threatening condition called thyroid storm. […] You may have symptoms such as: […] Graves disease may cause people who menstruate to have changes in their period. Their periods may become irregular, light, and infrequent. […] Your period symptoms may improve as you start your Graves’ disease treatment. […] Although the symptoms can be distressing, Graves’ disease generally has no long-term adverse health consequences if you get prompt and proper medical care.

• #71 Long term outcomes of patients with Graves’ Disease

  https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/ct-for-patients/february-2024/vol-17-issue-2-p-7-8/

  Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States. Graves disease is caused by an antibody that attacks and turns on the thyroid. […] Patients frequently ask their physician how long they will need to take anti-thyroid medications or whether they will have Graves disease forever. Unfortunately, the long-term behavior of Graves disease remains unknown. […] Following the initial 2-year study, 82 patients (45%) had a relapse of their Graves disease. 20 years later only 11% of those that had relapsed were able to maintain normal thyroid function. The remaining 89% needed definitive treatment, either with radioactive iodine therapy or thyroid surgery. […] Overall, only 34% of all patients were in remission at the 20-year follow-up. […] This research shows that Graves disease is a challenging condition with unpredictable long-term results. Many patients go through a persistent or recurring pattern and need either decisive treatment or prolonged use of antithyroid medications. Additionally, many develop other autoimmune disorders or thyroid eye disease. Given the relatively frequent rate of disease recurrence, even in those who initially achieved remission, long term monitoring of thyroid function is necessary.

• #72 Graves’ Disease: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and More

  https://www.health.com/graves-disease-overview-7112526

  The outlook is good for people with treated Graves’ disease, but the specifics may differ based on your treatment decisions. […] Some people can take antithyroid medications for a while and then get off them without having symptoms of Graves’ disease come back. In roughly half of people with Graves’, these symptoms return within a year after tapering off their medication. It is critical to keep taking medications as prescribed. Abruptly stopping your antithyroid medication might lead to a life-threatening episode of thyroid storm. […] Radioactive ablation of the thyroid is almost always successful at fixing hyperthyroidism, although it may take a repeated dose or two. Surgery to remove the whole gland also cures hyperthyroidism. However, if you have radioactive ablation or surgical removal of your thyroid, you will develop permanent hypothyroidism, low levels of thyroid hormone, because your thyroid gland is no longer working at all.

• #73 Graves’ Disease – Thyroid UK

  https://thyroiduk.org/if-you-are-hyperthyroid/about-hyperthyroidism/graves-disease/

  In rare cases, it can also cause a skin condition called pretibial myxoedema, where the skin on your shins thickens and reddens. […] People with Graves’ disease respond well to medication in general but eye problems can continue in people who smoke after treating their hyperthyroidism. […] Most people develop hypothyroidism after radioactive iodine treatment and surgery. As their thyroid cannot produce enough thyroid hormone, they often need to take hormone replacement medication like levothyroxine for life. […] The prognosis for people with pretibial myxoedema depends on early diagnosis and treatment so it is important that you visit your doctor as soon as you see any skin changes.

• #74 Thyroid Eye Disease (TED or Graves Eye Disease) | Kellogg Eye Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umkelloggeye.org/conditions-treatments/thyroid-eye-disease

  The muscles around the eye are particularly susceptible to the attack of lymphocytes. As they tighten and lose their ability to stretch, these symptoms can occur: The eye is pushed forward in its socket causing a staring appearance, Restriction of the eyes normal movements, resulting in double vision. […] As symptoms build, many patients fear they will lose their vision. Fortunately, patients almost never go blind from Graves eye disease. […] In severe cases, the clear covering of the eye (cornea) may ulcerate, or the optic nerve may be damaged, either of which may result in a permanent loss of vision if not treated appropriately. […] Severe ophthalmopathy will affect 10% of patients. It is caused by inflammation of the muscles, which causes them to swell. […] They can also become stiff (scarred), which interferes with movement of the eyes and causes double vision or impinges upon the optic nerve, causing loss of vision.

• #75 Graves’ Disease – Thyroid UK

  https://thyroiduk.org/if-you-are-hyperthyroid/about-hyperthyroidism/graves-disease/

  In rare cases, it can also cause a skin condition called pretibial myxoedema, where the skin on your shins thickens and reddens. […] People with Graves’ disease respond well to medication in general but eye problems can continue in people who smoke after treating their hyperthyroidism. […] Most people develop hypothyroidism after radioactive iodine treatment and surgery. As their thyroid cannot produce enough thyroid hormone, they often need to take hormone replacement medication like levothyroxine for life. […] The prognosis for people with pretibial myxoedema depends on early diagnosis and treatment so it is important that you visit your doctor as soon as you see any skin changes.

• #76 Signs and symptoms of Graves’ disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms_of_Graves%27_disease

  Hyperthyroidism almost always causes general eye symptoms like dryness and irritation, regardless of what the cause of the hyperthyroid state is. […] About 20-25% of patients with Graves’ disease will suffer from clinically obvious Graves’ ophthalmopathy, and not just from the eye signs of hyperthyroidism. […] In approximately 20% of ophthalmopathy patients, ophthalmopathy appears before the onset of hyperthyroidism, in about 40% concurrently, and in about 20% in the six months after diagnosis. […] The extent of the reduction in bone density in most studies is 10-20%. […] If thyrotoxicosis is treated early, bone loss can be minimized. […] Hyperthyroidism has unique effects in children on growth and pubertal development, e.g. causing epiphyseal maturation. […] In older patients, emotional instability may be less evident, or depression may occur, and the symptoms and signs are manifestly circulatory. […] Considering the many signs and symptoms, the generally delayed diagnosis, and the possibility of residual complaints after treatment, it is little wonder that a significant number of people with Graves’ disease have difficulty keeping their job.

• #77 Become a member

  https://www.btf-thyroid.org/gemmas-story-graves-disease

  My name is Gemma. I was diagnosed with Graves disease at the age of 22 in September 2022. […] I remember beginning to feel extremely exhausted and unwell after every shift, but I ignored these symptoms. It wasnt until I began my further studies that I suddenly felt extreme anxiety. […] A few weeks passed and I noticed my neck was slightly swollen on the right side so I decided to go to the GP. After some blood tests, it was revealed that I had Graves disease. […] Very quickly I became unwell and thats when Graves disease took over my life. My anxiety worsened and I became irritable. I had a tremor in my hands, heat sensitivity, issues with sweating, fatigue, a rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, muscle weakness, loss of concentration and my goitre became extremely enlarged. Every symptom I had read about and dismissed became reality.

• #78 Become a member

  https://www.btf-thyroid.org/gemmas-story-graves-disease

  I found it hard to carry out basic tasks such as going to the supermarket to do food shopping and cleaning the house. Even something as simple as walking up the stairs in my own home became difficult. My body felt like I had run a marathon when in reality I had only walked a few metres. […] I had to stop my university studies as I could not keep up and got myself a job instead. It soon became apparent that I was simply too unwell to work so I had to leave my new job. […] My endocrinologist told me he only sees someone with severe Graves disease like me once every 10 years or so. […] After multiple appointments, AE trips, hospital admissions and medication adjustments by my endocrinologist, we decided that a total thyroidectomy would be the best way to proceed. […] The iodine did not work and my surgery was cancelled.

• #79 Become a member

  https://www.btf-thyroid.org/gemmas-story-graves-disease

  It became apparent that I would not respond to the iodine, so the next plan of action was lithium. […] I was admitted to the hospital while being administered the lithium. After a week I received the news that the lithium was working and lowering my levels. […] In July of this year I received the total thyroidectomy surgery. […] Since the surgery, I have been diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism. My calcium levels are still an ongoing issue and I struggle with cramping day to day. Despite this, my neck has healed incredibly well and I no longer feel any symptoms I had as a result of Graves disease. […] The surgery was the best decision of my life. Despite the ongoing problems I am experiencing now, my quality of life has improved massively since the surgery and I am able to do things I couldnt do for a very long time.

• #80 Become a member

  https://www.btf-thyroid.org/gemmas-story-graves-disease

  It is good to read her symptoms are greatly reduced following her surgery. […] In some patients, however, antithyroid drugs are not suitable (for instance if the patient has had a reaction to the drugs), or, as in Gemmas case, the drugs may be ineffective in normalising thyroid hormone levels. […] Short-term (usually 10 days) treatment with iodine blocks the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland and also reduces thyroid blood flow. […] This condition is known as hypoparathyroidism. This can cause blood calcium levels to fall and blood phosphorus levels to rise. This can cause a wide range of symptoms including muscle cramps, pain and twitching.

• #81 Graves’ Disease: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and More

  https://www.health.com/graves-disease-overview-7112526

  The outlook is good for people with treated Graves’ disease, but the specifics may differ based on your treatment decisions. […] Some people can take antithyroid medications for a while and then get off them without having symptoms of Graves’ disease come back. In roughly half of people with Graves’, these symptoms return within a year after tapering off their medication. It is critical to keep taking medications as prescribed. Abruptly stopping your antithyroid medication might lead to a life-threatening episode of thyroid storm. […] Radioactive ablation of the thyroid is almost always successful at fixing hyperthyroidism, although it may take a repeated dose or two. Surgery to remove the whole gland also cures hyperthyroidism. However, if you have radioactive ablation or surgical removal of your thyroid, you will develop permanent hypothyroidism, low levels of thyroid hormone, because your thyroid gland is no longer working at all.

• #82 Graves’ Disease vs. Hashimoto’s Disease

  https://www.thyroidcancer.com/blog/graves-disease-vs-hashimoto-s-disease-top-4-things-to-know

  Graves disease, however, is unique due to some more serious symptoms that can lead to hospitalization, and in very rare circumstances, death. […] Patients with Hashimotos disease can have significant symptoms and feel bad over all, even despite optimal medical management. Common symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, memory problems or brain fog, depression, neck/thyroid discomfort, thinning hair or hair loss, heat/cold intolerance, skin and nail changes, joint and muscle pain, constipation, difficulty sleeping, and changes in appetite. […] The goal of radioactive iodine for Graves’ disease is to give enough iodine to effectively treat the Graves’ disease and still maintain adequate, normal thyroid hormone production by the remaining thyroid cells. In most circumstances, however, Graves’ disease patients treated with radioactive iodine will eventually develop low thyroid hormone production (hypothyroidism) and therefore require thyroid hormone replacement long- term.

• #83 Graves’ Disease vs. Hashimoto’s Disease

  https://www.thyroidcancer.com/blog/graves-disease-vs-hashimoto-s-disease-top-4-things-to-know

  The vast majority of patients with Hashimotos disease are treated medically. A smaller percentage of patients with Hashimotos disease benefit from surgery to cure this illness itself. […] More and more studies are showing that expert thyroid surgery done at the right center with very low complication rates is very effective at resolving many, if not all of, the symptoms associated with the illness. Some of our patients have felt noticeably better within 24 hours of thyroid surgery.

• #84 Graves’ Disease

  https://www.thyroid.org/graves-disease/

  Graves disease is an autoimmune disease that leads to a generalized overactivity of the entire thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism). It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States. The majority of symptoms of Graves disease are caused by the excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. These may include, but are not limited to, racing heartbeat, hand tremors, trouble sleeping, weight loss, muscle weakness, neuropsychiatric symptoms and heat intolerance. Graves disease is the only kind of hyperthyroidism that can be associated with inflammation of the eyes, swelling of the tissues around the eyes and bulging of the eyes (called Graves ophthalmopathy or orbitopathy). Overall, a third of patients with Graves disease develop some signs and symptoms of Graves eye disease but only 5% have moderate-to-severe inflammation of the eye tissues to cause serious or permanent vision trouble. Eye symptoms most often begin about six months before or after the diagnosis of Graves disease has been made. Seldom do eye problems occur long after the disease has been treated. Early signs of trouble might be red or inflamed eyes, a bulging of the eyes due to inflammation of the tissues behind the eyeball or double vision. Rarely, patients with Graves disease develop a lumpy reddish thickening of the skin in front of the shins known as pretibial myxedema (called Graves dermopathy). This skin condition is usually painless and relatively mild, but it can be painful for some. The treatment of hyperthyroidism is described in detail in the Hyperthyroidism brochure. If you receive definitive treatment for your Graves hyperthyroidism (such as radioactive iodine or surgery), you will eventually develop hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). Even if you are treated with antithyroid drugs alone, hypothyroidism can still occur.

• #85 Hyperthyroidism and Graves’ Disease (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hyperthyroidism.html

  Many people with Graves’ disease need to take anti-thyroid medicines for a long time to control the condition sometimes for the rest of their lives. […] After treatment for hyperthyroidism, hormone production often slows down to hypothyroid (underactive) levels. So the person needs to take a thyroid hormone replacement tablet each day.

• #86 Signs and symptoms of Graves’ disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms_of_Graves%27_disease

  The signs and symptoms of Graves’ disease generally result from the direct and indirect effects of hyperthyroidism, although they can also be caused by other thyroidal conditions, such as Graves’ ophthalmopathy, goitre and pretibial myxedema. These clinical manifestations can involve virtually every system in the body. […] The severity of the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism is related to the duration of the disease, the magnitude of the thyroid hormone excess, and the patient’s age. […] Patients with Graves’ disease can also undergo periods of hypothyroidism (inadequate production of thyroid hormone; see symptoms of hypothyroidism), due to the challenges of finding the right dosage of thyroid hormone suppression and/or supplementation. […] Thyroid autoimmune diseases can also be volatile, as hyperthyroidism can interchange with hypothyroidism and euthyroidism.

• #87 Graves’ disease – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/32

  Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in countries with sufficient iodine intake. […] Extrathyroidal manifestations can include orbitopathy, pretibial myxoedema (thyroid dermopathy), and acropachy, which do not occur with other causes of hyperthyroidism. […] Untreated hyperthyroidism, particularly in older people, may result in cardiac arrhythmias, high-output cardiac failure, bone mineral loss, and, rarely, thyroid storm. […] Unusual complications include vision loss secondary to orbitopathy or elephantiasis secondary to dermopathy. […] Associated orbitopathy occurs in around 25% of cases and is usually mild. […] Diagnosis is mostly clinical and is usually confirmed by laboratory evidence of thyroid dysfunction, most commonly hyperthyroidism and the presence of circulating TSH receptor antibodies. […] Key diagnostic factors include heat intolerance, sweating, weight loss, palpitations, tremor, diffuse goitre, and orbitopathy.

• #88 Graves’ disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graves%27_disease

  Enlarged thyroid, irritability, muscle weakness, sleeping problems, fast heartbeat, weight loss, poor tolerance of heat, anxiety, tremor of hands or fingers, warm and moist skin, increased perspiration, goiter, changes in menstrual cycle, easy bruising, erectile dysfunction, reduced libido, frequent bowel movements, bulging eyes (Graves’ ophthalmopathy), thick red skin on shins or the top of foot (pretibial myxedema) […] Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include irritability, muscle weakness, sleeping problems, a fast heartbeat, poor tolerance of heat, diarrhea and unintentional weight loss. Other symptoms may include thickening of the skin on the shins, known as pretibial myxedema, and eye bulging, a condition caused by Graves’ ophthalmopathy. About 25 to 30% of people with the condition develop eye problems.

• #89 Graves’ disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graves%27_disease

  The signs and symptoms of Graves disease virtually all result from the direct and indirect effects of hyperthyroidism, with main exceptions being Graves ophthalmopathy, goiter, and pretibial myxedema (which are caused by the autoimmune processes of the disease). Symptoms of the resultant hyperthyroidism are mainly insomnia, hand tremor, hyperactivity, hair loss, excessive sweating, oligomenorrhea, itching, heat intolerance, weight loss despite increased appetite, diarrhea, frequent defecation, palpitations, periodic partial muscle weakness or paralysis in those especially of Asian descent, and skin warmth and moistness. Further signs that may be seen on physical examination are most commonly a diffusely enlarged (usually symmetric), nontender thyroid, lid lag, excessive lacrimation due to Graves’ ophthalmopathy, arrhythmias of the heart, such as sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and premature ventricular contractions, and hypertension. […] Graves disease develops in about 0.5% of males and 3.0% of females. It occurs about 7.5 times more often in women than in men. Often, it starts between the ages of 40 and 60, but can begin at any age. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States (about 50 to 80% of cases).

• #90 Graves’ Disease > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/graves-disease

  Symptoms include anxiety or nervousness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, memory problems, rapid or irregular heartbeat. […] Elevated thyroid hormone levels increase the heart rate and metabolism, which may cause heart palpitations and unintentional weight loss, in addition to other symptoms. […] People who have Graves disease may experience one or more of the following symptoms: Anxiety or nervousness, Fatigue, Difficulty concentrating, Memory problems, Rapid heartbeat or irregular heartbeat, Heart palpitations and/or chest pain, Increased appetite, Diarrhea, Hand tremors, Sweating, Difficulty sleeping, Moodiness or irritability, Weight loss, Hair loss, Infrequent menstrual periods, Lighter-than-normal menstrual flow, Enlarged breasts (among men), Enlarged thyroid (goiter), Muscle weakness, Difficulty swallowing, Difficulty breathing, Eye pain.

• #91 Graves’ Disease: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15244-graves-disease

  Graves disease causes hyperthyroidism, which speeds up certain body functions. There are many symptoms of hyperthyroidism. You may experience some of these symptoms and not others, or many of them at the same time. […] Symptoms of hyperthyroidism can include: Rapid heartbeat (palpitations). Feeling shaky and/or nervous. Weight loss. Increased appetite. Diarrhea and/or more frequent bowel movements. Thin, warm and moist skin. Intolerance to heat and excessive sweating. Difficulty sleeping, such as insomnia. Enlarged thyroid gland (goiter). Hair loss and change in hair texture (brittle). Menstrual changes. Muscle weakness. […] The onset of symptoms of Graves disease is usually gradual, often taking several weeks or months to develop. […] If you’re experiencing these symptoms, see your healthcare provider.

• #92 Graves disease: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000358.htm

  Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism). […] Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is due to an abnormal immune system response that causes the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone. […] Younger people may have these symptoms: Anxiety or nervousness, as well as problems sleeping, Breast enlargement in men (possible), Problems concentrating, Fatigue, Frequent bowel movements, Hair loss, Heat intolerance and increased sweating, Increased appetite, despite having weight loss, Irregular menstrual periods in women, Muscle weakness of the hips and shoulders, Moodiness, including irritability and anger, Palpitations (sensation of a strong or unusual heartbeat), Rapid or irregular heartbeat, Shortness of breath with activity, Shaking hands (tremors), Weight loss.

• #93 Graves disease Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/graves-disease

  Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism). […] Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is due to an abnormal immune system response that causes the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone. […] Younger people may have these symptoms: Anxiety or nervousness, as well as problems sleeping; Breast enlargement in men (possible); Problems concentrating; Fatigue; Frequent bowel movements; Hair loss; Heat intolerance and increased sweating; Increased appetite, despite having weight loss; Irregular menstrual periods in women; Muscle weakness of the hips and shoulders; Moodiness, including irritability and anger; Palpitations (sensation of a strong or unusual heartbeat); Rapid or irregular heartbeat; Shortness of breath with activity; Shaking hands (tremors); Weight loss.

• #94 Become a member

  https://www.btf-thyroid.org/gemmas-story-graves-disease

  My name is Gemma. I was diagnosed with Graves disease at the age of 22 in September 2022. […] I remember beginning to feel extremely exhausted and unwell after every shift, but I ignored these symptoms. It wasnt until I began my further studies that I suddenly felt extreme anxiety. […] A few weeks passed and I noticed my neck was slightly swollen on the right side so I decided to go to the GP. After some blood tests, it was revealed that I had Graves disease. […] Very quickly I became unwell and thats when Graves disease took over my life. My anxiety worsened and I became irritable. I had a tremor in my hands, heat sensitivity, issues with sweating, fatigue, a rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, muscle weakness, loss of concentration and my goitre became extremely enlarged. Every symptom I had read about and dismissed became reality.

• #95 Become a member

  https://www.btf-thyroid.org/gemmas-story-graves-disease

  I found it hard to carry out basic tasks such as going to the supermarket to do food shopping and cleaning the house. Even something as simple as walking up the stairs in my own home became difficult. My body felt like I had run a marathon when in reality I had only walked a few metres. […] I had to stop my university studies as I could not keep up and got myself a job instead. It soon became apparent that I was simply too unwell to work so I had to leave my new job. […] My endocrinologist told me he only sees someone with severe Graves disease like me once every 10 years or so. […] After multiple appointments, AE trips, hospital admissions and medication adjustments by my endocrinologist, we decided that a total thyroidectomy would be the best way to proceed. […] The iodine did not work and my surgery was cancelled.

• #96 Graves Disease Symptoms & Treatment | Paul Fitzgerald, M.D.

  http://fitzgeraldmd.com/thyroid/graves-disease

  Symptoms of Graves disease are those of hyperthyroidism and may include anxiety, restlessness, irritability, emotional instability, inability to concentrate, fatigue, muscle weakness or cramps, heat intolerance, and increased sweating. […] Cardiac symptoms can include palpitations with a fast or forceful heartbeat, shortness of breath, atrial fibrillation, or angina. […] Patients usually lose weight, despite a good appetite; but an occasional patient ironically gains weight because hyperthyroidism usually increases appetite. […] Hip hop singer Missy Elliott was diagnosed with Graves disease after experiencing dizzy spells, mood swings, hair loss, a fast heart rate, and bulging eyes. […] Most, but not all, patients with Graves disease have an enlarged thyroid (goiter). […] Exophthalmus develops in only a minority of patients with Graves disease, but the risk is greatly increased in smokers. […] Although nearly 50% of patients with Graves disease have some eye complaints, only about 5% develop exophthalmos that is serious enough to warrant treatment.

• #97 Hyperthyroidism – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperthyroidism/symptoms-causes/syc-20373659

  Hyperthyroidism can cause many symptoms, including: […] Older adults are more likely to have symptoms that are hard to notice. These symptoms may include an irregular heartbeat, weight loss, depression, and feeling weak or tired during ordinary activities. […] Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the thyroid gland. That prompts the thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone. Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. […] Symptoms of thyroid eye disease include: Bulging eyes. Gritty sensation in the eyes. Pressure or pain in the eyes. Puffy or retracted eyelids. Reddened or inflamed eyes. Light sensitivity. Double vision. […] In rare cases, people with Graves’ disease develop Graves’ dermopathy. This causes the skin to change colors and swell, often on the shins and feet. […] Hyperthyroidism raises the risk of thyrotoxic crisis. It causes severe, sometimes life-threatening symptoms. It requires emergency medical care. Symptoms may include: Fever. Fast heartbeat. Nausea. Vomiting. Diarrhea. Dehydration. Confusion. Delirium.

• #98 Graves’ Disease | Cooper University Health Care

  https://www.cooperhealth.org/services/graves-disease

  Left untreated, Graves disease can lead to complications such as pregnancy issues, heart disorders, brittle bones, and a life-threatening condition called thyroid storm. The sudden increase in thyroid hormones creates a storm of effects including severe weakness, fever, seizures, delirium, severe low blood pressure, and coma.

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