Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Chemo brain – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chemo-brain/symptoms-causes/syc-20351060

  Chemo brain is a common term people with cancer use to describe trouble with thinking and memory that can happen during and after cancer treatment. […] Chemo brain is a widely used term because this condition was first reported in people having chemotherapy treatments. […] Researchers are working to understand the memory changes that people with cancer have. […] If you have trouble with memory or thinking, make an appointment with your healthcare professional. […] There are many causes of changes in memory and thinking in people with cancer. […] These chemo brain symptoms can be caused by the cancer, treatment for the cancer, complications of cancer treatment and other things. […] Factors that may increase the risk of chemo brain and memory changes in people with cancer include: […] Some people with chemo brain have thinking and memory changes that affect their ability to work. […] If you have trouble focusing on what you need to do for your job, tell your healthcare professional. […] Rarely, people with chemo brain can’t work.

• #2 Changes in Memory, Thinking, and Focus (Chemo Brain) | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/changes-in-mood-or-thinking/chemo-brain.html

  Some people with cancer notice that they cant think as clearly as they used to. They may have trouble remembering things, focusing, finishing tasks, or learning something new. These are symptoms of cognitive impairment, also known as chemo brain or brain fog. […] Memory, thinking, and focus changes typically go away over time. For most people, these thinking changes are not signs of a more serious condition like Alzheimers disease. […] It is not clear what causes changes in thinking. But studies show that some cancer treatments can cause changes in how your brain works. […] While this side effect is often called chemo brain, people with cancer can have memory, thinking, and focus changes for other reasons. Changes can happen in people with cancer who have not been treated, gotten other treatments, or have been off treatment for a while.

• #3 Get cognitive therapy and coping strategies for chemo brain | OHSU Knight Cancer Institute | Portland, OR

  https://www.ohsu.edu/knight-cancer-institute/chemo-brain

  Chemo brain is a common side effect of cancer and cancer treatment. It is often described as a fog or cloud that interferes with thinking. […] The technical name is cancer-related cognitive impairment or CRCI. […] Fortunately, several therapies can help you cope. Tell your care team if you’re concerned about chemo brain. They can help you figure out a plan and refer you to experts and services. […] For many patients, symptoms of chemo brain resolve soon after they finish treatment. Some patients have them for longer. In some cases, issues persist for years. […] You can do several things to combat chemo brain and get back to your life. We offer expert support and assistance along the way. […] Our speech-language therapists offer cognitive therapy for chemo brain. […] Ask your care team if cognitive therapy might be right for you.

• #4 Cognitive impairment (chemo brain) | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/treatment/chemotherapy/chemotherapy-side-effects/cognitive-impairment-chemo-brain

  Cognitive impairment, sometimes called chemo brain or chemo fog can make it harder to concentrate. […] During and after breast cancer treatment, you may find it difficult to concentrate or feel more forgetful. This is sometimes called chemo brain or brain fog. […] Although its commonly called chemo brain it can affect anyone going through cancer treatment even if they do not have chemotherapy. Your treatment team may call it cognitive impairment. […] Cognitive impairment usually improves over time, but for some people it can continue, especially if the treatment causing it is ongoing. […] Its not known exactly what causes changes to memory and concentration following cancer treatment. […] Some experts think chemotherapy may speed up the normal ageing process. […] Theres some evidence hormone therapies, such as letrozole, can also cause symptoms of cognitive impairment.

• #5 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Chemo brain | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20155344

  Chemo brain is a common term people with cancer use to describe trouble with thinking and memory that can happen during and after cancer treatment. […] There are no tests to diagnose chemo brain. People with cancer who have these symptoms often score within typical ranges on memory tests. […] A healthcare professional makes a chemo brain diagnosis based on your symptoms. Your healthcare professional may suggest blood tests, brain scans or other tests to rule out other causes of your symptoms.

• #6 Chemo brain | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/chemo-brain

  There are no tests to diagnose chemo brain. People with cancer who have these symptoms often score within typical ranges on memory tests. […] A healthcare professional makes a chemo brain diagnosis based on your symptoms. Your healthcare professional may suggest blood tests, brain scans or other tests to rule out other causes of your symptoms.

• #7 Chemo Brain and Cognitive Dysfunction | Pacific Neuroscience Institute

  https://www.pacificneuroscienceinstitute.org/blog/brain-tumor/chemobrain-cognitive-dysfunction/

  The increasing number of individuals surviving a cancer diagnosis prompts a heightened interest in survivorship issues that include quality of life, performance status, and work reintegration after treatment. One of the most common concerns raised by cancer survivors is cognitive dysfunction, frequently referred to as chemo brain. […] While chemotherapy is the most obvious cause of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with cancer, it is not the only cancer-treatment-related factor that has been implicated. It is important to know the multiple mechanisms that contribute to cognitive dysfunction to understand the recommendations provided by the experts on preventing and treating this side effect that lingers long after the patient has completed cancer treatment. […] Cancer-related cognitive dysfunction has been reported in as many as 75 percent of individuals receiving cancer treatment.

• #8 Through the Fog: Managing Chemo Brain | Leukemia and Lymphoma Society

  https://www.lls.org/article/through-fog-managing-chemo-brain

  Chemo brain is what many cancer survivors call the cognitive issues that can be a side effect of cancer treatment. […] As many as 75% of cancer survivors experience cognitive issues at some point during treatment. […] Cognitive side effects can be short term or long term. […] If the cause is medication, once the medication is stopped, cognitive issues should improve. […] Cognitive issues can be difficult to treat, but there are things you can do to help manage them. […] Anemia, shortness of red blood cells, can cause cognitive issues.

• #9 Chemo brain | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/chemo-brain

  Chemo brain is a common term people with cancer use to describe trouble with thinking and memory that can happen during and after cancer treatment. […] Chemo brain is a widely used term because this condition was first reported in people having chemotherapy treatments. […] Researchers are working to understand the memory changes that people with cancer have. […] If you have trouble with memory or thinking, make an appointment with your healthcare professional. […] A healthcare professional makes a chemo brain diagnosis based on your symptoms. Your healthcare professional may suggest blood tests, brain scans or other tests to rule out other causes of your symptoms. […] Chemo brain treatment focuses on helping you cope with symptoms. […] Treatment for chemo brain often involves finding ways to cope with the thinking and memory changes. This treatment may be called cognitive rehabilitation or cognitive remediation.

• #10 Chemo Brain Fog: Symptoms, How Long It Lasts, & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/what-is-chemo-brain/?amp=1

  If youre in a mental fog, talk to your medical provider. They will ask about your symptoms. They will also want to know when your problems started and how they affect your everyday life. […] Your doctor may ask what makes your symptoms worse and better. Do you, for example, feel better in the morning than at night? Does it help when you’re active, when you eat, or after you’ve rested? […] If you have chemo brain that persists and youve tried all the self-help tips, talk with a neuropsychologist. This is a doctor who specializes in the brain and can help with attention span and memory. They will find areas where you need help and tell you if other treatable problems like depression, anxiety, and fatigue are to blame.

• #11 Changes in Memory, Thinking, and Focus (Chemo Brain) | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/changes-in-mood-or-thinking/chemo-brain.html

  Let your cancer care team know if you have any changes in your memory, thinking, or focus. You might notice these changes soon after diagnosis, during treatment, or after treatment ends. […] Tell your cancer care team how much of a problem the changes in thinking are for you. Are they keeping you from what you want to do? From going to school or work? Are you having trouble taking care of your family? Are you able to take care of yourself? […] You might also want to ask about focused rehabilitation to help you manage specific changes in focus, thinking, and memory.

• #12 Chemobrain | Chemotherapy | Memory Loss & Fatigue

  https://www.cancercare.org/publications/72-chemo_brain_what_you_need_to_know

  If you are having memory problems and trouble focusing on tasks, finding words or managing daily activities, you are not alone. These are examples of chemo brain, a side effect of cancer treatment, especially chemotherapy. […] Signs of chemo brain can include: Forgetfulness or memory lapses, Difficulties concentrating or focusing on tasks, Trouble recalling or remembering common words or names, Struggling to do more than one task at a time. […] If you have problems with memory and attention, speaking with your doctor is an important first step in getting the care you need. […] Here are questions that may want to ask your health care team: What is causing my chemo brain? How long do chemo brain symptoms usually last? Can you evaluate me to see if my chemo brain symptoms are related to anything that could be more easily treated, such as low blood count or other medications I am taking? Should I see a neuropsychologist? If so, can you refer me to one? What do you recommend I do to improve my memory? […] Social workers can help you manage any emotional or practical concerns that may be causing chemo brain and help you develop ways to cope.

• #13 Dealing with Chemo Brain – Minnesota Oncology

  https://mnoncology.com/resources/blog/dealing-chemo-brain

  There are several side effects that can arise due to cancer treatment. One of these side effects is referred to as chemo brain a cognitive decline that may be experienced before, during, and/or after cancer treatment, even if you have not been treated with chemotherapy. […] Currently, research is underway in hopes of finding answers to the many questions regarding the memory changes that cancer patients who receive chemotherapy experience. […] Chemo brain can be a frustrating and debilitating side effect of cancer and its treatments. […] There is no definite cause of chemo brain. […] Some questions you might want to ask your doctor could include: What is the cause of my chemo brain? […] How long should I expect my symptoms to last? Is there treatment for my symptoms? […] Would I benefit from participating in any type of therapy? […] Is there a specific type of doctor who can help me with this? If so, can you recommend one?

• #14 Chemotherapy Brain Fog (Chemo Brain): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21032-chemo-brain

  Chemotherapy brain fog, or chemo brain, is feeling as if you cant think as quickly and as clearly as you did before you had cancer or received cancer treatment. […] Healthcare providers may do blood tests to rule out conditions that may cause brain symptoms. […] Healthcare providers may recommend several therapies or activities that may reduce some chemotherapy brain fog symptoms, including cognitive rehabilitation, movement therapy, attention restoration, and meditation. […] Theres no single test for chemotherapy brain fog.

• #15 Understanding Chemo Brain Causes, Symptoms, and Coping Strategies

  https://www.lacancernetwork.com/understanding-chemo-brain-causes-symptoms-and-coping-strategies

  Chemotherapy brain fog, commonly known as chemo brain, is a cognitive impairment that affects cancer patients undergoing cancer treatment. This condition can show itself as concentration issues, memory issues, and other mental health issues that interfere with day-to-day functioning. […] Diagnosing chemo brain can be challenging as there is no specific test or imaging study to confirm the condition. Healthcare providers typically rely on a combination of patient-reported symptoms, medical history, and cognitive assessments to make a diagnosis. Blood tests may be conducted to rule out other medical conditions contributing to mental changes. […] While there is no cure for chemo brain, several treatment options may help alleviate symptoms and improve mental ability: Cognitive rehabilitation programs involve exercises and strategies designed to improve memory, attention, and other skills affected by chemo brain. These programs may be conducted by a neuropsychologist or other healthcare professionals trained in cognitive rehabilitation techniques. […] Chemo brain can be a challenging and frustrating side effect of cancer treatment, but with the right strategies and support, individuals can learn to manage its symptoms and improve their quality of life.

• #16 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Chemo brain | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20155344

  Chemo brain is a common term people with cancer use to describe trouble with thinking and memory that can happen during and after cancer treatment. […] There are no tests to diagnose chemo brain. People with cancer who have these symptoms often score within typical ranges on memory tests. […] A healthcare professional makes a chemo brain diagnosis based on your symptoms. Your healthcare professional may suggest blood tests, brain scans or other tests to rule out other causes of your symptoms.

• #17 Chemo Brain and Leukemia: Symptoms and Management | MyLeukemiaTeam

  https://www.myleukemiateam.com/resources/chemo-brain-and-leukemia-symptoms-and-management

  There are no tests used to confirm a diagnosis of chemo brain. However, if your doctor believes that factors unrelated to leukemia may be contributing to your cognitive symptoms, they may ask that you undergo blood testing or brain scans (such as an MRI) to determine the underlying cause. […] Most cases of chemo brain are temporary. Treatment-related cognitive changes generally resolve over time after you stop taking the medication responsible for them. It is important to talk to your doctor if you experience cognitive changes before, during, or after your leukemia treatment. They will be able to help identify the cause of these changes and work with you to find the best way of managing them.

• #18 Do I Have Chemo Brain? | Franciscan Health

  https://www.franciscanhealth.org/community/blog/do-i-have-chemo-brain

  If cancer treatment affects your ability to think, learn, remember, use judgment and make decisions, youre not alone. Many patients in chemotherapy experience issues with memory, concentration and mental clarityeven after treatment. Its called chemo brain or chemo fog, and its common. […] Chemo brain is a challenge to diagnose because its symptoms can overlap with other conditions like anxiety, insomnia, menopause and the natural aging process. Physicians often need to eliminate these other potential causes before they can confirm a diagnosis of chemo brain. They can also use the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test to help screen for cognitive impairment. […] Symptoms like these can be an indication of chemo brain. It can begin early during your cancer journey or show up later in treatment or recovery.

• #19 Cognitive impairment (chemo brain) | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/treatment/chemotherapy/chemotherapy-side-effects/cognitive-impairment-chemo-brain/

  Cognitive impairment, sometimes called chemo brain or chemo fog can make it harder to concentrate. […] During and after breast cancer treatment, you may find it difficult to concentrate or feel more forgetful. This is sometimes called chemo brain or brain fog. […] Although its commonly called chemo brain it can affect anyone going through cancer treatment even if they do not have chemotherapy. Your treatment team may call it cognitive impairment. […] Cognitive impairment usually improves over time, but for some people it can continue, especially if the treatment causing it is ongoing. […] Its not known exactly what causes changes to memory and concentration following cancer treatment. […] Some experts think chemotherapy may speed up the normal ageing process. […] Theres some evidence hormone therapies, such as letrozole, can also cause symptoms of cognitive impairment.

• #20 Coming Back from Chemo Brain – UMMS Health

  https://health.umms.org/2022/06/17/chemo-brain/

  Chemo brain refers to thinking and memory problems that can occur in a cancer patient before, during or after cancer treatment. […] These symptoms, which most typically develop following cancer treatment, are referred to as brain fog or chemo brain. Chemo brain includes concentration issues and short-term memory loss. Due to chemo brains uniquely timed nature and individualized symptoms, it can be seen as a pathophysiologic phenomenon in other words, something is wrong in the body, but no one knows exactly what it is. However, this brain fog can be confirmed with an MRI or functional MRI. […] When diagnosing chemo brain, neuropsychologists guide patients in three to four hours of testing that covers multiple cognitive domains. These tests reveal if a patient has trouble with a specific cognitive area, such as concentration, planning, organizing and other kinds of executive planning. This sort of evaluation can help chart the course of treatment. […] Doctors continue to validate the real possibility of brain fog following cancer treatment. They advise patients to be aware of their possible symptoms and to seek help if they feel their brain is not functioning as it typically would.

• #21 Cognitive Changes from Cancer Treatment | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/symptom-management/cognitive-testing

  Cancer and its treatment can affect many aspects of your health, including your cognitive skills, or thinking process. Brain tumors, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapies can result in significant cognitive changes, such as difficulty with concentration, memory, and multitasking. These types of cognitive changes are often called chemo brain. […] If you have noticed any changes in your attention, memory, or other aspects of your thinking following cancer diagnosis and treatment, specialists in Memorial Sloan Ketterings Neuropsychology Service are available to assist you. […] Our neuropsychologists are licensed psychologists who are experts in understanding how behavior relates to brain function. They can assess your cognitive skills and symptoms, help clarify the most likely cause of cognitive changes, and make recommendations to improve the difficulties you are experiencing.

• #22 Do I Have Chemo Brain? | Franciscan Health

  https://www.franciscanhealth.org/community/blog/do-i-have-chemo-brain

  If cancer treatment affects your ability to think, learn, remember, use judgment and make decisions, youre not alone. Many patients in chemotherapy experience issues with memory, concentration and mental clarityeven after treatment. Its called chemo brain or chemo fog, and its common. […] Chemo brain is a challenge to diagnose because its symptoms can overlap with other conditions like anxiety, insomnia, menopause and the natural aging process. Physicians often need to eliminate these other potential causes before they can confirm a diagnosis of chemo brain. They can also use the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test to help screen for cognitive impairment. […] Symptoms like these can be an indication of chemo brain. It can begin early during your cancer journey or show up later in treatment or recovery.

• #23 What is Chemo-brain and what can I do about it? – OWise UK

  https://owise.uk/what-is-chemobrain/

  There is still no gold standard assessment to provide a CRCD diagnosis. Clinicians and researchers rely on patient and caregiver self-report measures. A commonly used measure is the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog) which was created specifically to measure cognitive dysfunction in people affected by cancer. The questionnaire investigates perceived cognitive impairments and abilities, comments others make on impairments and abilities and impact on quality of life. […] Symptoms of CRCD can be managed to limit their impact on daily life and overall quality of life. They can also be targeted to prevent worsening and promote recovery. These interventions can be very effective as the brain is plastic, meaning its malleable and able to learn and recover very efficiently.

• #24 Cognitive Assessment for Chemo Fog Research (CAB-CF)

  https://www.cognifit.com/chemo-fog-test?srsltid=AfmBOor1nV39rCbcOvvz1ZR-ocMjEsk8yP__cPeoHPpxdViYKZIk7ebI

  Innovative neuropsychological assessment for Chemo Brain allows for a complete cognitive screening and evaluation to detect the risk index of suffering from cognitive deterioration after an oncological process. […] The Cognitive Assessment for Chemo Fog Patients (CAB-CF) from CogniFit is a leading professional test that uses clinical and validated tasks designed to quickly and accurately detect the presence of symptoms, traits, or dysfunctions in the cognitive processes affected by cancer treatment. […] This innovative Chemo Brain test is a scientific resource that makes it possible to take a complete cognitive screening, understand cognitive strengths and weaknesses, and evaluate the risk index for the presence of Chemo Brain (or Chemo Fog). […] A clinically validated neuropsychological assessment can help perform an exhaustive assessment of the different cognitive functions affected by cancer treatments. Note that CogniFit does not directly offer a medical diagnosis of chemo fog but the neuropsychological assessment can help perform a screening of different cognitive functions.

• #25 Coming Back from Chemo Brain – UMMS Health

  https://health.umms.org/2022/06/17/chemo-brain/

  Chemo brain refers to thinking and memory problems that can occur in a cancer patient before, during or after cancer treatment. […] These symptoms, which most typically develop following cancer treatment, are referred to as brain fog or chemo brain. Chemo brain includes concentration issues and short-term memory loss. Due to chemo brains uniquely timed nature and individualized symptoms, it can be seen as a pathophysiologic phenomenon in other words, something is wrong in the body, but no one knows exactly what it is. However, this brain fog can be confirmed with an MRI or functional MRI. […] When diagnosing chemo brain, neuropsychologists guide patients in three to four hours of testing that covers multiple cognitive domains. These tests reveal if a patient has trouble with a specific cognitive area, such as concentration, planning, organizing and other kinds of executive planning. This sort of evaluation can help chart the course of treatment. […] Doctors continue to validate the real possibility of brain fog following cancer treatment. They advise patients to be aware of their possible symptoms and to seek help if they feel their brain is not functioning as it typically would.

• #26 What Is Chemo Brain? | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/blog/2021/02/chemobrain

  If these tests do not reveal a cause for the symptoms, she says, neuropsychology testing can be useful. It analyzes cognitive functions such as learning, reasoning, remembering, decision-making and problem-solving skills. It can also identify whether an undiagnosed mood disorder, such as anxiety or depression, is a contributing factor. […] The test results are used to tailor a treatment program, and a multidisciplinary approach to treatment is often the most effective. Identifying and addressing reversible causes such as sleep deprivation, pain, or side effects of medication can be useful. Medications can also target specific types of thinking or memory problems associated with chemo brain. […] Chemo brain testing, along with education about improving lifestyle patterns (such as diet, sleep, exercise and meditation), is offered by the cancer specialists at Henry Ford Health.

• #27 Functional Imaging of Chemobrain: Usefulness of Nuclear Medicine in the Fog Coming After Cancer | Journal of Nuclear Medicine

  https://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/64/4/508

  The impact of chemotherapy on brain functionality has been widely investigated from a clinical perspective, and there is a consensus on a significant impairment of multiple cognitive domains affecting cancer patients after treatment. […] Nuclear medicine offers a variety of biomarkers for evaluating possible effects of chemotherapy on the brain and for depicting brain changes after chemotherapy. […] There is no consensus on the preferred tools for diagnosing and measuring cognitive impairment in cancer patients who have undergone chemotherapy. […] However, according to the existing literature, the 2 main methods of assessment in addition to neuroimaging are neuropsychological testing and self-reports of cognitive impairment. […] Cognitive impairment may affect up to 50% of patients undergoing chemotherapy.

• #28 Functional Imaging of Chemobrain: Usefulness of Nuclear Medicine in the Fog Coming After Cancer | Journal of Nuclear Medicine

  https://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/64/4/508

  The damage induced by chemotherapy affects neurons and microglia. […] Chemotherapy may affect brain tissue by modifying the shape of neurons, neurotransmitter release, and blood-brain barrier integrity. […] The impact of chemotherapy on brain has been assessed by a few imaging studies. […] Nuclear medicine offers several instruments for the detailed evaluation of physiopathologic processes underlying CRCI.

• #29 Understanding Chemo Brain: Causes and Management

  https://prma-enhance.com/breast-reconstruction-blog/foggy-with-a-chance-of-short-term-memory-loss/

  Chemo-brain for years was thought to be a result of sleeplessness, anxiety, depression and fatigue. Researchers now say this mental fogginess may be caused by chemo treatment and can sometimes last long after treatment has ended. […] A change in brain function is evident on PET/CT brain imaging after treatment. Her team studied PET/CT scans of 128 patients before and after chemotherapy. Using technical software, they identified differences in brain metabolism before and after chemotherapy, and then distinguished patient history, information from neurological examinations, and chemotherapy treatments. They determined that there was an association between reductions in regional brain metabolism and symptoms of chemo brain. These are the energy areas known to be responsible for planning and prioritizing. PET/CT imaging can reveal a diagnosis of chemo brain, enabling oncologists to manage symptoms and care plans earlier and perhaps more effectively. The Journal of Clinical Oncology in 2012 published a study of 34 young premenopausal women with breast cancer conducted by S. Deprez and team. They determined using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging before and after chemotherapy, the organization of cerebral white matter (WM) could be measured. After treatment, significant declines in attention tests, psychomotor speed, and memory were noted in the frontal, parietal, and occipital WM tracks, providing evidence of changes in cognitive functioning and cerebral WM integrity after chemotherapy.

• #30 How to Reverse Chemo Brain | Cognitive FX

  https://www.cognitivefxusa.com/blog/how-to-reverse-chemo-brain

  Cognitive impairment after chemotherapy is a real medical condition, and it is treatable. […] Treatment for chemo brain is relatively new. […] If you have completed your cancer treatment and want to reverse chemo brain, sign up for a consultation with our team. […] Chemotherapy drugs target rapidly proliferating cells, aka cells that multiply quickly. […] All the dying cells cause inflammation and other problems, which in turn affect cognitive function in over 60% of chemotherapy patients. […] While the changes aren’t structural your brain will likely look normal on a regular MRI because the damage is subcellular scientists have observed changes in the brain with functional MRI (fMRI) after chemotherapy. […] Chemotherapy isn’t the only cancer therapy known to cause chemo brain.

• #31 How to Reverse Chemo Brain | Cognitive FX

  https://www.cognitivefxusa.com/blog/how-to-reverse-chemo-brain

  The culprit behind cognitive changes after a brain injury is neurovascular coupling dysfunction. […] The result is NVC dysfunction. […] Cognitive chemo brain symptoms include: Brain fog, Difficulty concentrating or changes in attention, Poor executive function (decision-making, multitasking, planning, etc.), Sleep problems, Trouble recalling words in conversation, Worse short-term memory and working memory. […] Most of the patients we’ve seen and treated for chemo brain also had a brain injury. […] In each of our patients, chemotherapy either caused new symptoms to emerge or increased the severity of their pre-existing symptoms. […] Chemo brain may resolve on its own a few months after you finish chemotherapy, or it might stretch on for years, if left untreated. […] If your cognitive problems and other symptoms persist six months after you stop chemotherapy, you may want to seek treatment.

• #32 Understanding Chemo Brain: Causes and Management

  https://prma-enhance.com/breast-reconstruction-blog/foggy-with-a-chance-of-short-term-memory-loss/

  Chemo-brain for years was thought to be a result of sleeplessness, anxiety, depression and fatigue. Researchers now say this mental fogginess may be caused by chemo treatment and can sometimes last long after treatment has ended. […] A change in brain function is evident on PET/CT brain imaging after treatment. Her team studied PET/CT scans of 128 patients before and after chemotherapy. Using technical software, they identified differences in brain metabolism before and after chemotherapy, and then distinguished patient history, information from neurological examinations, and chemotherapy treatments. They determined that there was an association between reductions in regional brain metabolism and symptoms of chemo brain. These are the energy areas known to be responsible for planning and prioritizing. PET/CT imaging can reveal a diagnosis of chemo brain, enabling oncologists to manage symptoms and care plans earlier and perhaps more effectively. The Journal of Clinical Oncology in 2012 published a study of 34 young premenopausal women with breast cancer conducted by S. Deprez and team. They determined using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging before and after chemotherapy, the organization of cerebral white matter (WM) could be measured. After treatment, significant declines in attention tests, psychomotor speed, and memory were noted in the frontal, parietal, and occipital WM tracks, providing evidence of changes in cognitive functioning and cerebral WM integrity after chemotherapy.

• #33 Understanding Chemo Brain: Causes and Management

  https://prma-enhance.com/breast-reconstruction-blog/foggy-with-a-chance-of-short-term-memory-loss/

  Chemo-brain for years was thought to be a result of sleeplessness, anxiety, depression and fatigue. Researchers now say this mental fogginess may be caused by chemo treatment and can sometimes last long after treatment has ended. […] A change in brain function is evident on PET/CT brain imaging after treatment. Her team studied PET/CT scans of 128 patients before and after chemotherapy. Using technical software, they identified differences in brain metabolism before and after chemotherapy, and then distinguished patient history, information from neurological examinations, and chemotherapy treatments. They determined that there was an association between reductions in regional brain metabolism and symptoms of chemo brain. These are the energy areas known to be responsible for planning and prioritizing. PET/CT imaging can reveal a diagnosis of chemo brain, enabling oncologists to manage symptoms and care plans earlier and perhaps more effectively. The Journal of Clinical Oncology in 2012 published a study of 34 young premenopausal women with breast cancer conducted by S. Deprez and team. They determined using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging before and after chemotherapy, the organization of cerebral white matter (WM) could be measured. After treatment, significant declines in attention tests, psychomotor speed, and memory were noted in the frontal, parietal, and occipital WM tracks, providing evidence of changes in cognitive functioning and cerebral WM integrity after chemotherapy.

• #34 Cellular mechanisms and treatments for chemobrain: insight from aging and neurodegenerative diseases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7278555/

  First, despite increased awareness, there are currently no validated or approved tests for the diagnosis of chemobrain. […] This limitation is likely due to the lack of sensitivity of assessment tools used. […] With sufficient knowledge of the consequence of chemotherapy at all levelsmolecular, cellular, and behavioralbetter prevention or treatment options can be developed. […] Eventually, the more efficient therapies will not only treat the symptoms but also directly modify the trajectory of chemobrain.

• #35 Lifting the Fog on Chemo Brain | The University of Kansas Cancer Center

  https://www.kucancercenter.org/news-room/blog/2019/10/chemo-brain

  Cognitive impairment following cancer treatment is a common symptom reported by about 3/4 of cancer survivors. The range of issues reported include a foggy or fuzzy brain, impaired short-term memory and concentration, trouble finding the right words, difficulty multitasking and misplacing everyday items. Chemo brain can have a significant effect on quality of life. […] Currently, no standard therapy exists for chemo brain. Most of the available neurocognitive tests were developed for patients experiencing cognitive issues related to head injury and dementia not to the subtler cognitive effects of cancer and cancer treatment. […] This gap in care has served as a springboard for more research to help us better understand and treat chemo brain. […] We are also collaborating with Cedars Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles to study the effects of 6 weekly psycho-educational intervention sessions for people with chemo brain.

• #36 Coping With Chemo Brain | Cancer Today

  https://www.cancertodaymag.org/spring2022/coping-with-chemo-brain/

  Many cancer patients have problems with memory or thinking that can linger for years after treatment. […] The bedeviling, exasperating phenomenon that Chase describes goes by many names. Chemo brain. Brain fog. Mental fog. Chemo fog. Researchers who study it and doctors who see it in their patients call it cancer-related cognitive impairment, or CRCI. […] Up to three-quarters of people treated for cancer experience cognitive problems that can be described as CRCI. […] For more than a third of people treated for cancer, CRCI symptoms persist for months or even years after treatment, in varying degrees of severity. […] CRCI poses a formidable puzzle. It has no formal diagnosis or treatments approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). […] Educating patients about the risk for CRCI needs to be more of a strategic implementation at the beginning of cancer care, says Kelly at City of Hope.

• #37 Coping With Chemo Brain | Cancer Today

  https://www.cancertodaymag.org/spring2022/coping-with-chemo-brain/

  Many hospitals and cancer centers offer resources. These may include consultation with a trained neuropsychologist after treatment ends. […] The resulting plan, based on evidence from existing studies, may include cognitive rehabilitation, in which patients work with trained therapists on interventions that can help create compensatory strategies to improve mental skills. […] Although no medications have been approved by the FDA to treat CRCI, recent studies have investigated whether psychostimulants (like methylphenidate) or anti-dementia drugs may offset the symptoms. […] Cancer-related cognitive impairment has no definitive diagnosis or treatments, but patients can use techniques to better cope with the condition. […] The condition, called cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), has no definitive diagnosis and no treatments approved by the Food and Drug Administration, but there are strategies to better cope with its effects. […] Despite decades of studying CRCI, much work needs to be done, says Gabel. […] Bibb believes that research will lead to a treatment for CRCI.

• #38 ‘Chemo brain’ and cognitive decline after cancer

  https://theconversation.com/chemo-brain-and-cognitive-decline-after-cancer-13199

  Around 70% of cancer survivors report difficulties with memory and concentration after chemotherapy. […] But while many cancer survivors report problems with memory or concentration, few studies have found a relationship between the results of formal cognitive testing and self-reported symptoms. […] If you think something is wrong, you can undergo a formal assessment by a neuropsychologist (a psychologist who specialises in the brain), which usually involves standardised clinical neuropsychological tests pencil-and-paper or computer-based tests that measure memory, language and perception. […] Studies that evaluate cancer patients over time (longitudinal studies) have shown that about 20% to 30% have cognitive problems, whereas we would expect about 10% impairment in healthy people. […] Despite some variability in research results, there seems to be a group of people who experience cognitive impairment during or after cancer treatment, which may be worse after high-dose chemotherapy.

• #39 What Is ‘Chemo Brain’? | Cancer Today

  https://www.cancertodaymag.org/cancer-talk/what-is-chemo-brain/

  Some cancer patients experience so-called chemo brain or chemo fog, known to clinicians and researchers as cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). The symptoms can include deficits in memory, attention, decision-making and the ability to plan tasks. […] CRCI is a technical term for what is colloquially known as chemo brain. The origin of this phenomenon is that a lot of cancer survivors who receive chemotherapy report having difficulty concentrating or remembering things, and this lasts beyond the time of treatment to months or years after the chemotherapy is out of their system. […] Unfortunately, there is no clinical feature definition or even a set of defined symptoms. This is one of the problems we are trying to address with additional research, because there is no clinical consensus of how to define CRCI.

• #40 ‘Chemo brain’ and cognitive decline after cancer

  https://theconversation.com/chemo-brain-and-cognitive-decline-after-cancer-13199

  While the cognitive deficit is usually mild (such as difficulty finding the right word or forgetting peoples names), it can impact peoples daily activities and may be more pronounced in specific situations such as those requiring multitasking. […] Studies testing people after a cancer diagnosis show that around 30% of people with breast or colorectal (bowel) cancer will have cognitive impairment, before any chemotherapy. […] Cognitive impairment has also been shown in some women diagnosed with breast cancer who did not undergo chemotherapy but were treated with hormonal therapies such as tamoxifen, anastrozole and letrozole. […] The underlying causes of cognitive impairment in cancer survivors are unknown. […] No interventions have yet proven to prevent cognitive impairment from occurring in people with cancer or to treat it once it has occurred. […] Its hoped that these studies, as well as work we are doing in animal models, will tell us what causes cognitive problems in people with cancer, and then enable us to develop more targeted strategies for preventing or minimising cognitive impairment in cancer survivors.

• #41 Chemo Brain Symptoms And Outcomes | Food for Breast Cancer

  https://foodforbreastcancer.com/articles/chemo-brain-symptoms-and-outcomes

  Chemo brain normally starts to improve within one year of treatment and the improvement continues for an additional one to two years. […] However, some of the brain damage can be permanent for some patients. […] Chemotherapy drugs that act by inhibiting cell cycle progression appear to produce cognitive impairment by disrupting neurogenesis in the hippocampus. […] Women who are at higher genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease (APOE4 genotype) may be more likely to experience chemo brain. […] There are no proven drug treatments for chemo brain once it occurs. […] Regular exercise and other physical activity have been shown to improve executive function, information processing speed and concentration in women with chemo brain in some studies. […] One small 2022 study reported that a probiotic supplement taken during treatment significantly reduced chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment.

• #42 Chemo Brain Symptoms And Outcomes | Food for Breast Cancer

  https://foodforbreastcancer.com/articles/chemo-brain-symptoms-and-outcomes

  Chemo brain normally starts to improve within one year of treatment and the improvement continues for an additional one to two years. […] However, some of the brain damage can be permanent for some patients. […] Chemotherapy drugs that act by inhibiting cell cycle progression appear to produce cognitive impairment by disrupting neurogenesis in the hippocampus. […] Women who are at higher genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease (APOE4 genotype) may be more likely to experience chemo brain. […] There are no proven drug treatments for chemo brain once it occurs. […] Regular exercise and other physical activity have been shown to improve executive function, information processing speed and concentration in women with chemo brain in some studies. […] One small 2022 study reported that a probiotic supplement taken during treatment significantly reduced chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment.

• #43 Cellular mechanisms and treatments for chemobrain: insight from aging and neurodegenerative diseases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7278555/

  The difficulties with objectively defining and measuring chemobrain result in vast differences in estimating the percentage of cancer survivors with chemobrain, which range from 17 to 75%. […] Nevertheless, deficits could be detected up to 10 years after treatment, suggesting that they are permanent in some cancer survivors. […] These studies provide concrete evidence that the symptoms of chemobrain have biological bases, rather than being purely psychological. […] We propose that focusing on the cellular consequences is currently the most feasible approach for the development of treatments and preventions for chemobrain. […] Future studies will benefit from assessing a range of protein markers to determine which phases of neurogenesis are affected. […] Despite significant advances in our understanding of chemobrain, both at the clinical level and at the cellularmolecular basis, several challenges persist.

• #44 Cognitive changes (chemo brain) | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/impacts-of-cancer/chemo-brain

  During cancer treatment, you may notice changes in your memory, concentration or your ability to think clearly. These are called cancer-related cognitive changes (CRCC). […] These changes are sometimes called chemo brain. This is because the symptoms were first linked to chemotherapy. But changes in memory and concentration can affect people with cancer who have not had chemotherapy. […] It is difficult to prevent or treat problems with memory or concentration because it is not clear what causes them. Research is going on to find ways to prevent cognitive changes and effective treatments. […] Research is being done to find out the following: which chemotherapy drugs or combination of drugs affect cognitive functioning, how other cancer treatments affect cognitive functioning, what can be done to reduce the risk, how cognitive functioning improves after treatment, what can improve symptoms.

• #45 Chemo brain: From discerning mechanisms to lifting the brain fog—An aging connection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5539816/

  Our analysis focused on the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) and was based on their pivotal roles in memory, learning, and executive functions. […] We dissected the molecular mechanisms of chemo brain by using a murine model, and we analyzed epigenetic and gene expression changes in the hippocampus and PFC tissues of mice 24 hours and 3 weeks after treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy agents mitomycin C (MMC) and cyclophosphomade (CPP), 2 agents that have been shown to cause chemo brain; however, the mechanisms of their effects remained elusive. […] Our data showed that MMC and CPP treatments lead to drug-, sex-, and brain region-specific and persistent changes in global gene expression profiles. […] The results show that the PFCs of females may be more vulnerable than those of males in the long-term because the significant changes observed in females at 3 weeks post-exposure to MMC were not apparent in males. […] Given that chemotherapy exposure leads to molecular epigenetic changes, analyzing neuroanatomical and behavioral post-chemotherapy outcomes is an interesting area for future study.

• #46 How Your Gut Plays a Role in ‘Chemo Brain’ Symptoms

  https://www.cancercenter.com/community/blog/2022/05/microbiota-and-the-brain

  For cancer patients, chemotherapy treatments may be altering the body’s normal balance of bacteria in ways that produce the forgetfulness known as chemo brain or chemo fog. […] The chemo brain diagnosis is usually connected to people experiencing a range of symptoms, sometimes involving perception, language, attention and memory, other times involving reasoning and problem-solving impairments. Some cancer patients experience symptoms even before their treatment starts. […] Human studies have been insufficient to support the connection between the gut microbiome and chemo brain, Dr. Vashi says, adding, It’s too early to say that, but there are some animal studies that suggest that. […] If they can find a relationship between the gut bacteria and chemo brain, researchers say probiotics and prebiotics may be helpful in promoting bacteria that helps improve symptoms.

• #47 Cellular mechanisms and treatments for chemobrain: insight from aging and neurodegenerative diseases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7278555/

  Chemotherapy is a lifesaving treatment for cancer patients, but also causes longterm cognitive impairment, or chemobrain, in survivors. However, several challenges, including imprecise diagnosis criteria, multiple confounding factors, and unclear and heterogeneous molecular mechanisms, impede effective investigation of preventions and treatments for chemobrain. […] Here, we leverage the extensive knowledge in various fields of neuroscience to gain insights into the mechanisms for chemobrain. […] We aim to leverage knowledge from more extensively studied disciplines to address the more recently acknowledged topic of chemobrain. […] This review will facilitate crossdisciplinary thinking and enable laboratories to share expertise to address chemobrain. […] Cognitive complaints are common among cancer patients during and after chemotherapy.

• #48 Cognitive Assessment for Chemo Fog Research (CAB-CF)

  https://www.cognifit.com/chemo-fog-test?srsltid=AfmBOor1nV39rCbcOvvz1ZR-ocMjEsk8yP__cPeoHPpxdViYKZIk7ebI

  The Cognitive Assessment for Chemo Fog Patients (CAB-CF) can be used by adults of all ages who are receiving or have received chemotherapy. […] The neuropsychological Chemo Brain test from CogniFit makes it possible for healthcare professionals to detect, diagnose, and create an intervention for this disorder. […] The Cognitive Assessment for Chemo Fog Patients (CAB-CF) makes it possible to provide quick and reliable information. This report is easy to understand and makes it possible to see and understand the clinical symptoms, strengths and weaknesses, and risk index for having Chemo Fog. […] This assessment battery makes it possible to reliably detect the symptoms and level of cognitive deterioration related to Chemo Fog in adults and seniors. […] The presence of alterations in some cognitive skills may be an indicator of Chemo Brain. […] The questions in this questionnaire are similar to what one may find in a diagnostic manual, clinical questionnaire, or scales for Chemo Fog.

• #49 Cancer Side Effects: Tips for Managing Chemo Brain | Nutrition Education Services Center

  https://llsnutrition.org/cancer-side-effects-tips-for-managing-chemo-brain/

  Many cancer survivors report issues during and after cancer treatment including: […] These side effects result from changes in the cognitive (thinking) processes of the brain. Even though these side effects are commonly referred to as “chemo brain,” factors other than chemotherapy can lead to cognitive side effects such as: […] Cognitive side effects can be short term or long term. This depends on the cause of the side effects, the age of the survivor, and the overall health of the survivor. […] Cognitive issues present many challenges. Because the direct cause of cognitive issues can be unclear, they are difficult to treat. Healthcare professionals are still researching cognitive issues as they relate to cancer and cancer treatment. […] Anemia can cause cognitive issues. […] Anxiety and stress can cause or worsen cognitive issues. […] Be honest with your friends and family about your “chemo brain.” […] As always, talk to your healthcare team about your side effects and ways to manage them.

• #50 Chemo Brain for the Multiple Myeloma Patient – HealthTree for Multiple Myeloma

  https://healthtree.org/myeloma/community/articles/chemo-brain

  Cognitive impairments can occur after patients with hematologic cancers undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. […] It may be difficult for clinicians to differentiate cognitive decline linked to cancer from early dementia or age-related memory loss. Additionally, these patients may be taking medications for comorbid conditions that may compromise their cognitive function. […] It is important to rule out other possible explanations for cognitive issues. […] There are many different factors that may contribute to cognitive changes in the cancer setting, and so I don’t think there is going to be a singular mechanism for everyone. […] Learning systems of adaptation and behavior modification may be an effective way for some patients to overcome cancer-related cognitive decline.

• #51 Cognitive impairment (chemo brain) | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/treatment/chemotherapy/chemotherapy-side-effects/cognitive-impairment-chemo-brain/

  Symptoms vary from person to person and can come and go. […] If you have these symptoms talk to your treatment team. They can assess you and provide support to help manage and improve them. […] Theres limited evidence about whether particular medicines will help improve cognitive impairment, and research is ongoing. […] Lifestyle factors, such as difficulty sleeping or stress, can also make the symptoms of cognitive impairment worse. […] Some people find different brands of treatments, such as hormone therapies, can make cognitive impairment better or worse. […] Some people find CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy) helpful. CBT is a talking therapy that can help you change patterns of thinking and behaviour. […] As cognitive impairment can affect your memory and concentration, you may find it difficult to carry out your usual role at work. […] If youre worried about work or returning to work, speak to your employer about reasonable adjustments such as a temporary change to your work hours or more regular breaks. […] Cognitive impairment can be difficult to cope with, and many people feel frustrated and as if theyre not in control.

• #52 Chemo Brain and Leukemia: Symptoms and Management | MyLeukemiaTeam

  https://www.myleukemiateam.com/resources/chemo-brain-and-leukemia-symptoms-and-management

  There are no tests used to confirm a diagnosis of chemo brain. However, if your doctor believes that factors unrelated to leukemia may be contributing to your cognitive symptoms, they may ask that you undergo blood testing or brain scans (such as an MRI) to determine the underlying cause. […] Most cases of chemo brain are temporary. Treatment-related cognitive changes generally resolve over time after you stop taking the medication responsible for them. It is important to talk to your doctor if you experience cognitive changes before, during, or after your leukemia treatment. They will be able to help identify the cause of these changes and work with you to find the best way of managing them.

• #53 Coping With Chemo Brain | Cancer Today

  https://www.cancertodaymag.org/spring2022/coping-with-chemo-brain/

  Many cancer patients have problems with memory or thinking that can linger for years after treatment. […] The bedeviling, exasperating phenomenon that Chase describes goes by many names. Chemo brain. Brain fog. Mental fog. Chemo fog. Researchers who study it and doctors who see it in their patients call it cancer-related cognitive impairment, or CRCI. […] Up to three-quarters of people treated for cancer experience cognitive problems that can be described as CRCI. […] For more than a third of people treated for cancer, CRCI symptoms persist for months or even years after treatment, in varying degrees of severity. […] CRCI poses a formidable puzzle. It has no formal diagnosis or treatments approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). […] Educating patients about the risk for CRCI needs to be more of a strategic implementation at the beginning of cancer care, says Kelly at City of Hope.

• #54 Cognitive impairment (chemo brain) | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/treatment/chemotherapy/chemotherapy-side-effects/cognitive-impairment-chemo-brain

  Symptoms vary from person to person and can come and go. […] If you have these symptoms talk to your treatment team. They can assess you and provide support to help manage and improve them. […] Theres limited evidence about whether particular medicines will help improve cognitive impairment, and research is ongoing. […] Lifestyle factors, such as difficulty sleeping or stress, can also make the symptoms of cognitive impairment worse. […] Some people find different brands of treatments, such as hormone therapies, can make cognitive impairment better or worse. […] Some people find CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy) helpful. CBT is a talking therapy that can help you change patterns of thinking and behaviour. […] As cognitive impairment can affect your memory and concentration, you may find it difficult to carry out your usual role at work. […] Cognitive impairment can be difficult to cope with, and many people feel frustrated and as if theyre not in control.

• #55 Side Effect Management – Chemo Brain – Minnesota Oncology

  https://mnoncology.com/patients/current-patient-resources/side-effect-management/side-effect-management-chemo-brain

  Chemo brain is a term commonly used to describe the cognitive decline you may experience before, during, and/or after cancer treatment, even if you have not been treated with chemotherapy. […] Chemo brain can also be referred to as cognitive dysfunction, cancer-related cognitive impairment, cancer-therapy associated cognitive change, or post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment. […] Researchers are working to find answers to the many questions regarding the memory changes that cancer patients who receive chemotherapy experience. […] While there is still much to learn, its clear that chemo brain can be a frustrating and debilitating side effect of cancer and its treatments. […] Talk with your oncologist if you experience any symptoms of chemo brain. He or she will want to know when the problems started and how they affect your daily life, so it is important to keep track of each time you notice issues.

• #56 Cancer treatment side effect: Chemobrain | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/cancer-treatment-side-effect-chemobrain.h00-159143667.html

  Since that time, chemobrain has become accepted as a legitimate, diagnosable condition experienced by many cancer patients. […] At MD Anderson, chemobrain diagnosis begins with a referral to our Neuropsychology team for evaluation. A neuropsychologist will talk to the patient and the family to get a full picture of the symptoms, including specific situations where the symptoms get better or worse. […] Ask your loved ones MD Anderson physician for a referral to Neuropsychology for evaluation of chemobrain symptoms. This is the first step to diagnosing and treating cancer-related cognitive changes.

• #57 Does Chemo Brain Ever Go Away?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/does-chemo-ever-brain-go-away

  Chemo brain, also known as cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), is a term used to describe cognitive changes and difficulties in thinking, memory, and concentration that some cancer patients may experience during and after chemotherapy treatment. […] Most research on chemo brain focuses on patients from diagnosis to 18 months post-treatment, but some evidence suggests that cognitive impairments may persist for years beyond this period. […] Research suggests that chemo brain affects up to 75% of cancer patients during treatment, with 35% reporting symptoms post-treatment. […] Evidence indicates that chemotherapy can lead to structural changes in the brain, trigger neuroinflammation, and reduce the generation of new brain cells in the hippocampus. These changes may contribute to the cognitive dysfunction seen in chemo brain.

• #58 Does Chemo Brain Ever Go Away?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/does-chemo-ever-brain-go-away

  Chemo brain appears to be more common in individuals who receive high doses of chemotherapy, according to the American Cancer Society. […] As of now, there’s no specific cure for chemo brain, but there are strategies that may help alleviate its symptoms and improve cognitive function. […] Consider seeing a doctor if you experience persistent cognitive difficulties, such as memory problems, difficulty concentrating, or mental fogginess, during or after cancer treatment. […] Chemo brain, or cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), is a real and challenging condition that affects some cancer patients during or after treatment.

• #59 Cellular mechanisms and treatments for chemobrain: insight from aging and neurodegenerative diseases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7278555/

  First, despite increased awareness, there are currently no validated or approved tests for the diagnosis of chemobrain. […] This limitation is likely due to the lack of sensitivity of assessment tools used. […] With sufficient knowledge of the consequence of chemotherapy at all levelsmolecular, cellular, and behavioralbetter prevention or treatment options can be developed. […] Eventually, the more efficient therapies will not only treat the symptoms but also directly modify the trajectory of chemobrain.

• #60 What Is ‘Chemo Brain’? | Cancer Today

  https://www.cancertodaymag.org/cancer-talk/what-is-chemo-brain/

  What is really important for patients and their loved ones to understand is that there is no doubt that CRCI is a real problem for patients that needs to be better addressed. […] CRCI is difficult to study because current studies used off-the-shelf tools called neuropsychological tests that are not specifically designed to study this problem. […] What we want is for researchers interested in CRCI to develop new tests that specifically measure problems that those patients with CRCI report. […] That not everyone who is treated for cancer gets CRCI. So one question we need to address through studies is who are the people who are more susceptible to CRCI?

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