Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Humerus fracture – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humerus_fracture

  Humerus fractures are among the most common of fractures. Proximal fractures make up 5% of all fractures and 25% of humerus fractures, middle fractures about 60% of humerus fractures (12% of all fractures), and distal fractures the remainder. […] Incidence of proximal fractures increases with age, with about 75% of cases occurring among people over the age of 60. […] In this age group, about three times as many women as men experience a proximal fracture. […] Middle fractures are also common among the elderly, but they frequently occur among physically active young adult men who experience physical trauma to the humerus. […] Distal fractures are rare among adults, occurring primarily in children who experience physical trauma to the elbow region.

• #2 Distal Humerus Fractures: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1239515-overview

  The incidence of fractures of the elbow joint is small compared with that of fractures of other bones. Elbow joint fractures have been estimated to make up 4.3% of all fractures. Typically occurring after high-energy injury, these fractures can lead to significant functional impairment. Distal humerus fractures most commonly involve both medial and lateral columns. Single condylar fractures make up approximately 5% of distal humerus fractures. Epicondylar and coronal shear fractures of the articular surface are less commonly observed. […] A retrospective study by Mitchelson et al found that individuals undergoing surgery for distal humerus fractures were more likely to be obese, younger than 40 years, female, and recipients of Medicare with relatively few comorbidities, who resided in a rural setting and sought care at urban/teaching hospitals within the southern United States; in addition, they were more likely to have shorter hospital stays, to be discharged home, and to have better survival. […] In the pediatric population, 80% of all elbow fractures occur in the supracondylar region. The injury typically occurs in young boys aged 5-10 years.

• #3 AAHS – The Epidemiology of Upper Extremity Fractures in the United States

  https://meeting.handsurgery.org/abstracts/2020/HSEP225.cgi

  The Epidemiology of Upper Extremity Fractures in the United States […] Our objective was to provide an up to date and more representative quantification of upper extremity fractures, and to define the incidence of fractures of the shoulder girdle and upper extremity in the United States. […] There were an estimated 2,118,568 patients presenting to an emergency department with an upper extremity fracture in 2016, representing 1.46% of all ED visits in this dataset, which is stable since previously reported in 1997 and 2001. […] Our analysis represents a valid cross-sectional estimate of the incidence of new presentations to an emergency department for an upper extremity fracture in the United States. This is also the first study to use ICD10 coding to facilitate accurate anatomic description of fractures along long bones.

• #4 Humerus fracture – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humerus_fracture

  Humerus fractures are among the most common of fractures. Proximal fractures make up 5% of all fractures and 25% of humerus fractures, middle fractures about 60% of humerus fractures (12% of all fractures), and distal fractures the remainder. […] Incidence of proximal fractures increases with age, with about 75% of cases occurring among people over the age of 60. […] In this age group, about three times as many women as men experience a proximal fracture. […] Middle fractures are also common among the elderly, but they frequently occur among physically active young adult men who experience physical trauma to the humerus. […] Distal fractures are rare among adults, occurring primarily in children who experience physical trauma to the elbow region.

• #5 Humerus fracture – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humerus_fracture

  Humerus fractures are among the most common of fractures. Proximal fractures make up 5% of all fractures and 25% of humerus fractures, middle fractures about 60% of humerus fractures (12% of all fractures), and distal fractures the remainder. […] Incidence of proximal fractures increases with age, with about 75% of cases occurring among people over the age of 60. […] In this age group, about three times as many women as men experience a proximal fracture. […] Middle fractures are also common among the elderly, but they frequently occur among physically active young adult men who experience physical trauma to the humerus. […] Distal fractures are rare among adults, occurring primarily in children who experience physical trauma to the elbow region.

• #6 Humerus fracture – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humerus_fracture

  Humerus fractures are among the most common of fractures. Proximal fractures make up 5% of all fractures and 25% of humerus fractures, middle fractures about 60% of humerus fractures (12% of all fractures), and distal fractures the remainder. […] Incidence of proximal fractures increases with age, with about 75% of cases occurring among people over the age of 60. […] In this age group, about three times as many women as men experience a proximal fracture. […] Middle fractures are also common among the elderly, but they frequently occur among physically active young adult men who experience physical trauma to the humerus. […] Distal fractures are rare among adults, occurring primarily in children who experience physical trauma to the elbow region.

• #7 Humerus fracture – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humerus_fracture

  Humerus fractures are among the most common of fractures. Proximal fractures make up 5% of all fractures and 25% of humerus fractures, middle fractures about 60% of humerus fractures (12% of all fractures), and distal fractures the remainder. […] Incidence of proximal fractures increases with age, with about 75% of cases occurring among people over the age of 60. […] In this age group, about three times as many women as men experience a proximal fracture. […] Middle fractures are also common among the elderly, but they frequently occur among physically active young adult men who experience physical trauma to the humerus. […] Distal fractures are rare among adults, occurring primarily in children who experience physical trauma to the elbow region.

• #8 Epidemiology of Distal Forearm Fracture: A Population-Based Study of 5426 Fractures – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35856325/

  Despite intensive research into the epidemiology of adult distal forearm fractures, the literature is limited. This study aimed to provide a full overview of adult distal forearm fracture epidemiology, including incidence, fracture classification, mode of injury, and trauma mechanism in patients sustaining a distal forearm fracture, based on an accurate at-risk population with manually validated data leading to a high quality in data. […] The primary outcome measure was the incidence of adult distal forearm fractures. […] The overall incidence of adult distal forearm fractures was 207.7/100 000/year. Female incidence was 323.4/100 000/year, and male incidence was 93.3/100 000/year. […] Results show that adult distal forearm fractures are very common in women after the postmenopausal period. The overall incidence of adult distal forearm fractures was 207.8/100 000/year. Female incidence was 323.4/100 000/year.

• #9 Epidemiology of Distal Forearm Fracture: A Population-Based Study of 5426 Fractures – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35856325/

  Despite intensive research into the epidemiology of adult distal forearm fractures, the literature is limited. This study aimed to provide a full overview of adult distal forearm fracture epidemiology, including incidence, fracture classification, mode of injury, and trauma mechanism in patients sustaining a distal forearm fracture, based on an accurate at-risk population with manually validated data leading to a high quality in data. […] The primary outcome measure was the incidence of adult distal forearm fractures. […] The overall incidence of adult distal forearm fractures was 207.7/100 000/year. Female incidence was 323.4/100 000/year, and male incidence was 93.3/100 000/year. […] Results show that adult distal forearm fractures are very common in women after the postmenopausal period. The overall incidence of adult distal forearm fractures was 207.8/100 000/year. Female incidence was 323.4/100 000/year.

• #10 Distal Humerus Fractures: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1239515-overview

  The incidence of fractures of the elbow joint is small compared with that of fractures of other bones. Elbow joint fractures have been estimated to make up 4.3% of all fractures. Typically occurring after high-energy injury, these fractures can lead to significant functional impairment. Distal humerus fractures most commonly involve both medial and lateral columns. Single condylar fractures make up approximately 5% of distal humerus fractures. Epicondylar and coronal shear fractures of the articular surface are less commonly observed. […] A retrospective study by Mitchelson et al found that individuals undergoing surgery for distal humerus fractures were more likely to be obese, younger than 40 years, female, and recipients of Medicare with relatively few comorbidities, who resided in a rural setting and sought care at urban/teaching hospitals within the southern United States; in addition, they were more likely to have shorter hospital stays, to be discharged home, and to have better survival. […] In the pediatric population, 80% of all elbow fractures occur in the supracondylar region. The injury typically occurs in young boys aged 5-10 years.

• #11 Distal Humerus Fractures: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1239515-overview

  The incidence of fractures of the elbow joint is small compared with that of fractures of other bones. Elbow joint fractures have been estimated to make up 4.3% of all fractures. Typically occurring after high-energy injury, these fractures can lead to significant functional impairment. Distal humerus fractures most commonly involve both medial and lateral columns. Single condylar fractures make up approximately 5% of distal humerus fractures. Epicondylar and coronal shear fractures of the articular surface are less commonly observed. […] A retrospective study by Mitchelson et al found that individuals undergoing surgery for distal humerus fractures were more likely to be obese, younger than 40 years, female, and recipients of Medicare with relatively few comorbidities, who resided in a rural setting and sought care at urban/teaching hospitals within the southern United States; in addition, they were more likely to have shorter hospital stays, to be discharged home, and to have better survival. […] In the pediatric population, 80% of all elbow fractures occur in the supracondylar region. The injury typically occurs in young boys aged 5-10 years.

• #12 Epidemiology of Displaced Supracondylar Fractures

  https://www.scientificarchives.com/article/epidemiology-of-displaced-supracondylar-fractures

  Supracondylar fractures of the humerus are the most common elbow fracture in the pediatric population and comprise nearly 60% of all elbow fractures. Supracondylar fractures most commonly occur in children aged five to seven. […] The epidemiology of supracondylar fractures has evolved in recent years due to an increased incidence of childhood involvement in athletics and modern changes in playground equipment. […] The primary aim of this study was to investigate if child abuse is a common mechanism leading to displaced supracondylar fractures. […] In our cohort, 73 of the 75 children with supracondylar fractures were older than two. […] Supracondylar fractures following an act of child abuse are rare. […] The results of the current study and literature review demonstrate that a supracondylar fracture by itself should not be a red flag for abuse.

• #13

  https://www.orthobullets.com/pediatrics/4007/supracondylar-fracture–pediatric

  Supracondylar Fractures are one of the most common traumatic fractures seen in children and most commonly occur in children 5-7 years of age from a fall on an outstretched hand. […] Epidemiology […] Incidence […] extension type most common (95-98%) […] flexion type less common […] Demographics […] occur most commonly in children aged 5-7 years […] M = F […] Vascular Injury […] radial pulse absent on initial presentation in 7-12% […] pulseless hand after closed reduction and pinning (3-4%) […] if perfusion is lost following reduction and pinning, pins should be removed immediately […] decision to explore is based on quality of extremity perfusion rather than absence of pulse […] arteriography is NOT indicated in isolated injuries […] role of doppler is unclear and does not change treatment.

• #14 Distal forearm fractures in children: Diagnosis and assessment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/distal-forearm-fractures-in-children-diagnosis-and-assessment

  Forearm fractures are the most common fractures in children, representing 40 to 50 percent of all childhood fractures. The distal third of the forearm, involving the radius and/or ulna, is the most common location, accounting for about 75 percent of forearm fractures and 20 to 25 percent of all pediatric fractures. This high incidence can be explained by increased body mass in relation to an overall decreased bone mineral content during growth and development. Most of these fractures will occur in children older than five years (peak age 10 to 14).

• #15

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00198-023-06990-6

  The purpose of this paper is to describe rates of forearm fractures in adults in Norway 20082019. Incidence rate of distal forearm fractures declined over time in both sexes. Forearm fracture constitute a significant health burden and prevention strategies are needed. […] To assess age- and sex-specific incidence rates, and time trends for forearm fractures in Norway, and compare these with incidence rates in other Nordic countries. […] We identified 181,784 forearm fractures in 45,628,418 person-years. Mean annual forearm fracture incidence rates per 100,000 person-years were 398 (95% CI 390407) for all, 565 (95% CI 550580) for women, and 231 (95% CI 228234) for men above 20 years. […] Age-adjusted incidence rates of distal forearm fractures significantly declined from 2008 to 2019 by 4.7% for women (IRR=0.953 (95% CI 0.9190.976)) and 7.0% for men (IRR=0.930; 95% CI 0.8860.965).

• #16

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00198-023-06990-6

  The overall age-standardized incidence rates of all forearm fractures declined by 3.5% for men and remained unchanged for women during the study period. Age-adjusted incidence rates of distal forearm fractures slightly declined from 2008 to 2019 for both women and men. […] The observed decline in incidence rates could have multiple explanation. Firstly, changes in lifestyle with reduced smoking, which is a known risk factor for osteoporotic fractures, as well as an increase in body mass index in the population, which have shown to reduce the risk of distal forearm fractures in women. […] The increase of the aging population will increase the workload on hospitals, as well as the fracture-related costs. […] Distal forearm fractures are common fractures in Norway, especially during sub-zero temperatures, and they are highly associated with osteoporosis. […] The results of this study warrant attention to preventive strategies such as fracture liaison service to minimize the risk of subsequent fractures in patients with forearm fracture.

• #17 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System sports-related arm fractures in the USA: thrower’s fractures – The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 2021 September;61(9):1235-41 – Minerva Medica – Journals

  https://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/sports-med-physical-fitness/article.php?cod=R40Y2021N09A1235

  BACKGROUND: Humerus fractures are common in the USA. The purpose of this study was to utilize the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System: 1) to compare overall and age stratified incidence rates of proximal and distal arm fractures presenting to USA emergency departments; 2) to compare relative humerus fracture locations by age; and 3) to compare anatomical humerus fracture locations stratified by sports between 2005-2009 and 2015-2019. […] RESULTS: There was a decrease (P CONCLUSIONS: USA proximal and distal arm fracture rates decreased, and distributions differed by age between 2005-2009 and 2015-2019. Relative humerus fractures differed by time periods. One major non-impact sports related humerus fracture was extreme external rotational torque from throwing.

• #18

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3929546/

  To assess recent trends in fracture incidence from all causes at all skeletal sites, we used the comprehensive (inpatient and outpatient) data resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project to estimate rates for Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents in 200911, compared to similar data from 198991. […] Overall, comparably adjusted fracture incidence rates increased by 11% (from 3627 to 4017 per 100,000 person-years; p = 0.008) between 198991 and 20092011. […] The dramatic increase in vertebral fractures, seen in both sexes and especially after age 75 years, was attributable in part to incidentally-diagnosed vertebral fractures. […] More generally, these data indicate that the dramatic increases in the incidence of fractures at many skeletal sites that were observed decades ago have now stabilized.

• #19 Epidemiology of fall related forearm and wrist fractures among adults treated in US hospital emergency departments | Injury Prevention

  https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/17/1/33

  Objective To examine national estimates of forearm and wrist fractures among adults treated in US emergency departments. […] The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program was used to estimate emergency department visits for unintentional fall related forearm and/or wrist fractures among adults aged 50years or older between 2001 and 2007. […] Based on 14771 cases, an estimated 1045008 adults aged 50years were treated in US hospital emergency departments for fall related forearm and/or wrist fractures during the study period. Of these, an estimated 832591 (80%) fractures occurred among women. […] The incidence of fractures among women increased gradually with age from the age of 50years. In men, fracture rates remained low until later in life. […] Between 2001 and 2007, fracture rates increased predominantly among women in the age group 5059years at an annual rate of 3.9% (95% CI 0.1 to 8.2).

• #20 Epidemiology of fall related forearm and wrist fractures among adults treated in US hospital emergency departments | Injury Prevention

  https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/17/1/33

  The study indicates marked gender differences in unintentional fall related forearm and/or wrist fractures among adults aged 50years treated in US hospital emergency departments. Interventions aimed at preventing falls might be effective in reducing the incidence of this injury, particularly in those women who already have diminished bone mineral.

• #21

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00198-023-06990-6

  The overall age-standardized incidence rates of all forearm fractures declined by 3.5% for men and remained unchanged for women during the study period. Age-adjusted incidence rates of distal forearm fractures slightly declined from 2008 to 2019 for both women and men. […] The observed decline in incidence rates could have multiple explanation. Firstly, changes in lifestyle with reduced smoking, which is a known risk factor for osteoporotic fractures, as well as an increase in body mass index in the population, which have shown to reduce the risk of distal forearm fractures in women. […] The increase of the aging population will increase the workload on hospitals, as well as the fracture-related costs. […] Distal forearm fractures are common fractures in Norway, especially during sub-zero temperatures, and they are highly associated with osteoporosis. […] The results of this study warrant attention to preventive strategies such as fracture liaison service to minimize the risk of subsequent fractures in patients with forearm fracture.

• #22

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00198-023-06990-6

  The overall age-standardized incidence rates of all forearm fractures declined by 3.5% for men and remained unchanged for women during the study period. Age-adjusted incidence rates of distal forearm fractures slightly declined from 2008 to 2019 for both women and men. […] The observed decline in incidence rates could have multiple explanation. Firstly, changes in lifestyle with reduced smoking, which is a known risk factor for osteoporotic fractures, as well as an increase in body mass index in the population, which have shown to reduce the risk of distal forearm fractures in women. […] The increase of the aging population will increase the workload on hospitals, as well as the fracture-related costs. […] Distal forearm fractures are common fractures in Norway, especially during sub-zero temperatures, and they are highly associated with osteoporosis. […] The results of this study warrant attention to preventive strategies such as fracture liaison service to minimize the risk of subsequent fractures in patients with forearm fracture.

• #23

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3929546/

  Age-related fractures are projected to increase nationally from 2.1 million in 2005 to over 3 million fractures in 2025, solely on the basis of growth in the elderly population most at risk. […] Unfortunately, there are no recent data on secular trends in incidence that include all fracture types and relevant age-groups. […] To provide more current information on fracture burden in the community, we updated our earlier study to estimate skeletal site-specific and overall fracture incidence in a population-based descriptive study among Olmsted County residents 50 years of age in 200911 and to test for secular trends at each fracture site since 198991. […] Using this unique medical records linkage system (the Rochester Epidemiology Project), we identified all fractures that occurred among Olmsted County residents 50 years old and over during the 3-year period, 200911.

• #24 Humerus fracture – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humerus_fracture

  Humerus fractures are among the most common of fractures. Proximal fractures make up 5% of all fractures and 25% of humerus fractures, middle fractures about 60% of humerus fractures (12% of all fractures), and distal fractures the remainder. […] Incidence of proximal fractures increases with age, with about 75% of cases occurring among people over the age of 60. […] In this age group, about three times as many women as men experience a proximal fracture. […] Middle fractures are also common among the elderly, but they frequently occur among physically active young adult men who experience physical trauma to the humerus. […] Distal fractures are rare among adults, occurring primarily in children who experience physical trauma to the elbow region.

• #25 Humerus fracture – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humerus_fracture

  Humerus fractures are among the most common of fractures. Proximal fractures make up 5% of all fractures and 25% of humerus fractures, middle fractures about 60% of humerus fractures (12% of all fractures), and distal fractures the remainder. […] Incidence of proximal fractures increases with age, with about 75% of cases occurring among people over the age of 60. […] In this age group, about three times as many women as men experience a proximal fracture. […] Middle fractures are also common among the elderly, but they frequently occur among physically active young adult men who experience physical trauma to the humerus. […] Distal fractures are rare among adults, occurring primarily in children who experience physical trauma to the elbow region.

• #26

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1015/proximal-humerus-fractures

  Proximal humerus fractures are common fractures often seen in older patients with osteoporotic bone following a ground-level fall on an outstretched arm. […] Incidence: common, 4-6% of all fractures, third most common non-vertebral fracture pattern seen in the elderly (65 years old). […] Two-part surgical neck fractures are most common. […] Demographics: 2:1 female to male ratio, increasing age associated with more complex fracture types. […] Risk factors: osteoporosis, diabetes, epilepsy, female gender. […] Low-energy falls in elderly with osteoporotic bone are a common mechanism for these fractures. […] High-energy trauma is seen in young individuals. […] Avascular necrosis risk factors for humeral head ischemia are not the same for developing subsequent avascular necrosis.

• #27 Epidemiology | International Osteoporosis Foundation

  https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/health-professionals/about-osteoporosis/epidemiology

  Osteoporosis is a major non-communicable disease and the most common bone disease, affecting one in three women and one in five men over the age of 50 worldwide. […] The clinical consequence of osteoporosis is fragility fractures. […] It has been shown that an initial fracture is a major risk factor for a new fracture. […] With the rapid ageing of the population worldwide and the changes in lifestyle habits, the incidence of osteoporosis and related fractures has significantly increased and will continue to increase markedly in the future. […] Due to its prevalence worldwide, osteoporosis is considered a serious public health concern. […] It is estimated that 75 million people in Europe, USA and Japan are affected by osteoporosis. […] In Asia, osteoporosis is greatly under-diagnosed and under-treated, even in the most high-risk patients who have already fractured.

• #28

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1015/proximal-humerus-fractures

  Proximal humerus fractures are common fractures often seen in older patients with osteoporotic bone following a ground-level fall on an outstretched arm. […] Incidence: common, 4-6% of all fractures, third most common non-vertebral fracture pattern seen in the elderly (65 years old). […] Two-part surgical neck fractures are most common. […] Demographics: 2:1 female to male ratio, increasing age associated with more complex fracture types. […] Risk factors: osteoporosis, diabetes, epilepsy, female gender. […] Low-energy falls in elderly with osteoporotic bone are a common mechanism for these fractures. […] High-energy trauma is seen in young individuals. […] Avascular necrosis risk factors for humeral head ischemia are not the same for developing subsequent avascular necrosis.

• #29 Broken arm | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20310663/

  A broken arm involves one or more of the three bones in your arm the ulna, radius and humerus. […] Common causes for a broken arm include: […] Falling onto an outstretched hand or elbow is the most common cause of a broken arm. […] Certain medical conditions or physical activities can increase the risk of a broken arm. […] Any sport that involves physical contact or increases your risk of falling including football, soccer, gymnastics, skiing and skateboarding also increases the risk of a broken arm. […] Conditions that weaken bones, such as osteoporosis and bone tumors, increase your risk of a broken arm. […] The prognosis for most arm fractures is very good if treated early. […] Complications can include: […] If a part of your broken bone protrudes through your skin, it can be exposed to germs that can cause infection.

• #30

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1015/proximal-humerus-fractures

  Proximal humerus fractures are common fractures often seen in older patients with osteoporotic bone following a ground-level fall on an outstretched arm. […] Incidence: common, 4-6% of all fractures, third most common non-vertebral fracture pattern seen in the elderly (65 years old). […] Two-part surgical neck fractures are most common. […] Demographics: 2:1 female to male ratio, increasing age associated with more complex fracture types. […] Risk factors: osteoporosis, diabetes, epilepsy, female gender. […] Low-energy falls in elderly with osteoporotic bone are a common mechanism for these fractures. […] High-energy trauma is seen in young individuals. […] Avascular necrosis risk factors for humeral head ischemia are not the same for developing subsequent avascular necrosis.

• #31

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1015/proximal-humerus-fractures

  Proximal humerus fractures are common fractures often seen in older patients with osteoporotic bone following a ground-level fall on an outstretched arm. […] Incidence: common, 4-6% of all fractures, third most common non-vertebral fracture pattern seen in the elderly (65 years old). […] Two-part surgical neck fractures are most common. […] Demographics: 2:1 female to male ratio, increasing age associated with more complex fracture types. […] Risk factors: osteoporosis, diabetes, epilepsy, female gender. […] Low-energy falls in elderly with osteoporotic bone are a common mechanism for these fractures. […] High-energy trauma is seen in young individuals. […] Avascular necrosis risk factors for humeral head ischemia are not the same for developing subsequent avascular necrosis.

• #32 Broken arm | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20310663/

  A broken arm involves one or more of the three bones in your arm the ulna, radius and humerus. […] Common causes for a broken arm include: […] Falling onto an outstretched hand or elbow is the most common cause of a broken arm. […] Certain medical conditions or physical activities can increase the risk of a broken arm. […] Any sport that involves physical contact or increases your risk of falling including football, soccer, gymnastics, skiing and skateboarding also increases the risk of a broken arm. […] Conditions that weaken bones, such as osteoporosis and bone tumors, increase your risk of a broken arm. […] The prognosis for most arm fractures is very good if treated early. […] Complications can include: […] If a part of your broken bone protrudes through your skin, it can be exposed to germs that can cause infection.

• #33 Broken arm | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20310663/

  A broken arm involves one or more of the three bones in your arm the ulna, radius and humerus. […] Common causes for a broken arm include: […] Falling onto an outstretched hand or elbow is the most common cause of a broken arm. […] Certain medical conditions or physical activities can increase the risk of a broken arm. […] Any sport that involves physical contact or increases your risk of falling including football, soccer, gymnastics, skiing and skateboarding also increases the risk of a broken arm. […] Conditions that weaken bones, such as osteoporosis and bone tumors, increase your risk of a broken arm. […] The prognosis for most arm fractures is very good if treated early. […] Complications can include: […] If a part of your broken bone protrudes through your skin, it can be exposed to germs that can cause infection.

• #34 Broken arm | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20310663/

  A broken arm involves one or more of the three bones in your arm the ulna, radius and humerus. […] Common causes for a broken arm include: […] Falling onto an outstretched hand or elbow is the most common cause of a broken arm. […] Certain medical conditions or physical activities can increase the risk of a broken arm. […] Any sport that involves physical contact or increases your risk of falling including football, soccer, gymnastics, skiing and skateboarding also increases the risk of a broken arm. […] Conditions that weaken bones, such as osteoporosis and bone tumors, increase your risk of a broken arm. […] The prognosis for most arm fractures is very good if treated early. […] Complications can include: […] If a part of your broken bone protrudes through your skin, it can be exposed to germs that can cause infection.

• #35

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1015/proximal-humerus-fractures

  Proximal humerus fractures are common fractures often seen in older patients with osteoporotic bone following a ground-level fall on an outstretched arm. […] Incidence: common, 4-6% of all fractures, third most common non-vertebral fracture pattern seen in the elderly (65 years old). […] Two-part surgical neck fractures are most common. […] Demographics: 2:1 female to male ratio, increasing age associated with more complex fracture types. […] Risk factors: osteoporosis, diabetes, epilepsy, female gender. […] Low-energy falls in elderly with osteoporotic bone are a common mechanism for these fractures. […] High-energy trauma is seen in young individuals. […] Avascular necrosis risk factors for humeral head ischemia are not the same for developing subsequent avascular necrosis.

• #36

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1015/proximal-humerus-fractures

  Proximal humerus fractures are common fractures often seen in older patients with osteoporotic bone following a ground-level fall on an outstretched arm. […] Incidence: common, 4-6% of all fractures, third most common non-vertebral fracture pattern seen in the elderly (65 years old). […] Two-part surgical neck fractures are most common. […] Demographics: 2:1 female to male ratio, increasing age associated with more complex fracture types. […] Risk factors: osteoporosis, diabetes, epilepsy, female gender. […] Low-energy falls in elderly with osteoporotic bone are a common mechanism for these fractures. […] High-energy trauma is seen in young individuals. […] Avascular necrosis risk factors for humeral head ischemia are not the same for developing subsequent avascular necrosis.

• #37 Broken arm | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20310663/

  A broken arm involves one or more of the three bones in your arm the ulna, radius and humerus. […] Common causes for a broken arm include: […] Falling onto an outstretched hand or elbow is the most common cause of a broken arm. […] Certain medical conditions or physical activities can increase the risk of a broken arm. […] Any sport that involves physical contact or increases your risk of falling including football, soccer, gymnastics, skiing and skateboarding also increases the risk of a broken arm. […] Conditions that weaken bones, such as osteoporosis and bone tumors, increase your risk of a broken arm. […] The prognosis for most arm fractures is very good if treated early. […] Complications can include: […] If a part of your broken bone protrudes through your skin, it can be exposed to germs that can cause infection.

• #38

  https://www.orthobullets.com/pediatrics/4007/supracondylar-fracture–pediatric

  Supracondylar Fractures are one of the most common traumatic fractures seen in children and most commonly occur in children 5-7 years of age from a fall on an outstretched hand. […] Epidemiology […] Incidence […] extension type most common (95-98%) […] flexion type less common […] Demographics […] occur most commonly in children aged 5-7 years […] M = F […] Vascular Injury […] radial pulse absent on initial presentation in 7-12% […] pulseless hand after closed reduction and pinning (3-4%) […] if perfusion is lost following reduction and pinning, pins should be removed immediately […] decision to explore is based on quality of extremity perfusion rather than absence of pulse […] arteriography is NOT indicated in isolated injuries […] role of doppler is unclear and does not change treatment.

• #39 Distal radius fracture – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distal_radius_fracture

  Distal radius fractures are the most common fractures seen in adults and children. Distal radius fractures account for 18% of all adult fractures with an approximate rate of 23.6 to 25.8 per 100,000 per year. For children, both boys and girls have a similar incidence of these types of fractures, however the peak ages differ slightly. Girls peak at 11 years old and boys peak at 14 years old (the age that children experience the most fractures). For adults, incidences in females outnumber incidences in males by a factor of three to two. In adults, the average age of occurrence is between 57 and 66 years. Men who sustain distal radius fractures are usually younger, generally in their 40s (vs. 60s in females). Low energy injury (usually fall from standing height) is the usual cause of distal end radius fracture (66 to 77% of cases). High energy injuries accounts for 10% of wrist fractures. About 57% to 66% of the fractures are extra-articular fractures, 9% to 16% are partial-articular fractures, and 25% to 35% are complete articular fractures. Unstable metaphyseal fractures are ten times more common than severe articular fractures. Older people with osteoporosis who are still active are at an increased risk of getting distal radius fractures.

• #40 Distal radius fracture – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distal_radius_fracture

  Distal radius fractures are the most common fractures seen in adults and children. Distal radius fractures account for 18% of all adult fractures with an approximate rate of 23.6 to 25.8 per 100,000 per year. For children, both boys and girls have a similar incidence of these types of fractures, however the peak ages differ slightly. Girls peak at 11 years old and boys peak at 14 years old (the age that children experience the most fractures). For adults, incidences in females outnumber incidences in males by a factor of three to two. In adults, the average age of occurrence is between 57 and 66 years. Men who sustain distal radius fractures are usually younger, generally in their 40s (vs. 60s in females). Low energy injury (usually fall from standing height) is the usual cause of distal end radius fracture (66 to 77% of cases). High energy injuries accounts for 10% of wrist fractures. About 57% to 66% of the fractures are extra-articular fractures, 9% to 16% are partial-articular fractures, and 25% to 35% are complete articular fractures. Unstable metaphyseal fractures are ten times more common than severe articular fractures. Older people with osteoporosis who are still active are at an increased risk of getting distal radius fractures.

• #41

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1015/proximal-humerus-fractures

  Proximal humerus fractures are common fractures often seen in older patients with osteoporotic bone following a ground-level fall on an outstretched arm. […] Incidence: common, 4-6% of all fractures, third most common non-vertebral fracture pattern seen in the elderly (65 years old). […] Two-part surgical neck fractures are most common. […] Demographics: 2:1 female to male ratio, increasing age associated with more complex fracture types. […] Risk factors: osteoporosis, diabetes, epilepsy, female gender. […] Low-energy falls in elderly with osteoporotic bone are a common mechanism for these fractures. […] High-energy trauma is seen in young individuals. […] Avascular necrosis risk factors for humeral head ischemia are not the same for developing subsequent avascular necrosis.

• #42 Broken arm | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20310663/

  A broken arm involves one or more of the three bones in your arm the ulna, radius and humerus. […] Common causes for a broken arm include: […] Falling onto an outstretched hand or elbow is the most common cause of a broken arm. […] Certain medical conditions or physical activities can increase the risk of a broken arm. […] Any sport that involves physical contact or increases your risk of falling including football, soccer, gymnastics, skiing and skateboarding also increases the risk of a broken arm. […] Conditions that weaken bones, such as osteoporosis and bone tumors, increase your risk of a broken arm. […] The prognosis for most arm fractures is very good if treated early. […] Complications can include: […] If a part of your broken bone protrudes through your skin, it can be exposed to germs that can cause infection.

• #43

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3929546/

  Fractures were classified by etiology according to information about each event that was recorded in the medical record: those caused by a specific pathological process (e.g., metastatic malignancy) as determined by the attending physicians, those resulting from severe trauma (e.g., motor vehicle accidents or falls from greater than standing height) and those due to no more than moderate trauma (by convention, equivalent to a fall from standing height or less). […] The age-adjusted incidence of fractures due to significant trauma was similar in women and men (1325 per 100,000 p-y; 95% CI 12401409 vs. 1305 per 100,000 p-y; 95% CI 12131396), as was the incidence of pathologic fractures (87 per 100,000 p-y; 95% CI 65109 vs. 90 per 100,000 p-y; 95% CI 65115). […] The incidence of fractures due to no more than moderate trauma was much greater among the women than the men (3287 per 100,000 p-y; 95% CI 31553418 vs. 1750 per 100,000 p-y; 95% CI 16331868).

• #44

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3929546/

  Fractures were classified by etiology according to information about each event that was recorded in the medical record: those caused by a specific pathological process (e.g., metastatic malignancy) as determined by the attending physicians, those resulting from severe trauma (e.g., motor vehicle accidents or falls from greater than standing height) and those due to no more than moderate trauma (by convention, equivalent to a fall from standing height or less). […] The age-adjusted incidence of fractures due to significant trauma was similar in women and men (1325 per 100,000 p-y; 95% CI 12401409 vs. 1305 per 100,000 p-y; 95% CI 12131396), as was the incidence of pathologic fractures (87 per 100,000 p-y; 95% CI 65109 vs. 90 per 100,000 p-y; 95% CI 65115). […] The incidence of fractures due to no more than moderate trauma was much greater among the women than the men (3287 per 100,000 p-y; 95% CI 31553418 vs. 1750 per 100,000 p-y; 95% CI 16331868).

• #45 Finger fractures: Epidemiology and treatment based on 21341 fractures from the Swedish Fracture register | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0288506

  There is a lack of detailed epidemiological studies of finger fractures, the most common fracture of the upper extremity. […] Based on data of 21 341 finger fractures in the Swedish Fracture register, a national quality registry that collects data on all fractures, this study describes anatomical distribution, cause, treatment, age distribution, and result in terms of patient related outcome measures (PROMs). […] The epidemiology of finger fractures is yet described only in limited populations or as sports related injuries, and without regard to detailed information about fracture location or type. […] A national quality registry is a population-based collection of individual clinical data on a specific diagnosis, treatment, or outcome. Data from these registries can be used to monitor quality of health care and results but can also be used in research. The Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) collects population-based data on fractures of all types since 2011.

• #46 Finger fractures: Epidemiology and treatment based on 21341 fractures from the Swedish Fracture register | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0288506

  The aim of this study was to describe anatomical distribution, treatment, and the incidence of finger fractures based on data from the SFR and to assess possible differences in treatment and result in terms of PROMs according to fracture type, treatment, and sex. Epidemiologic research can identify risk factors, groups at risk and describe current treatment for specific a condition. This knowledge can enable better allocation of resources and more correct implementation of evidence-based treatments. […] The incidence in the VG-region from 2015 to 2019 ranged from 6.6 to 9.3 per 104 PYR. […] Based on the extensive registry data from the SFR this study presents detailed epidemiological information about finger fractures that can be used as a point of reference in clinical work and for future studies.

• #47 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System sports-related arm fractures in the USA: thrower’s fractures – The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 2021 September;61(9):1235-41 – Minerva Medica – Journals

  https://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/sports-med-physical-fitness/article.php?cod=R40Y2021N09A1235

  BACKGROUND: Humerus fractures are common in the USA. The purpose of this study was to utilize the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System: 1) to compare overall and age stratified incidence rates of proximal and distal arm fractures presenting to USA emergency departments; 2) to compare relative humerus fracture locations by age; and 3) to compare anatomical humerus fracture locations stratified by sports between 2005-2009 and 2015-2019. […] RESULTS: There was a decrease (P CONCLUSIONS: USA proximal and distal arm fracture rates decreased, and distributions differed by age between 2005-2009 and 2015-2019. Relative humerus fractures differed by time periods. One major non-impact sports related humerus fracture was extreme external rotational torque from throwing.

• #48 Epidemiology of fall related forearm and wrist fractures among adults treated in US hospital emergency departments | Injury Prevention

  https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/17/1/33

  Objective To examine national estimates of forearm and wrist fractures among adults treated in US emergency departments. […] The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program was used to estimate emergency department visits for unintentional fall related forearm and/or wrist fractures among adults aged 50years or older between 2001 and 2007. […] Based on 14771 cases, an estimated 1045008 adults aged 50years were treated in US hospital emergency departments for fall related forearm and/or wrist fractures during the study period. Of these, an estimated 832591 (80%) fractures occurred among women. […] The incidence of fractures among women increased gradually with age from the age of 50years. In men, fracture rates remained low until later in life. […] Between 2001 and 2007, fracture rates increased predominantly among women in the age group 5059years at an annual rate of 3.9% (95% CI 0.1 to 8.2).

• #49

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3929546/

  Comparably age- and sex-adjusted, the overall incidence of fractures in 200911 was 11% greater than in 198991 (4017 per 100,000 p-y; 95% CI 39084127 vs. 3627 per 100,000 p-y; 95% CI 34853768). […] Our study confirms widespread reports that the incidence of proximal femur fractures continues to fall, not only in this country but worldwide. […] We also observed a reduction in distal forearm fractures among middle-aged women, but there was an apparent increase in these fractures among men age 50 years and over. […] Between 198991 and 200911, however, the apparent incidence of vertebral fractures rose dramatically in association with a shift in the age-specific incidence curves for both sexes to the left, i.e., an apparent earlier onset of vertebral fracture over time. […] All vertebral fractures were confirmed on radiologists reports, albeit 23% of them were found incidentally on X-rays taken for another purpose.

• #50 Case Study: How Video Surveillance Helped Prevent a Costly General Liability Claim for a Dispensary | Conifer Insurance Services

  https://coniferinsurance.com/how-video-surveillance-helped-prevent-general-liability-claim-for-dispensary/

  A dispensary customer slipped and fell while exiting the premises, resulting in a broken arm. […] Video surveillance footage confirmed that the fall was not caused by any defect or hazard on the premises. […] The clear surveillance footage showed that the dispensary was not negligent in maintaining safe conditions. […] Surveillance footage is critical in defending against fraudulent or exaggerated claims, but having cameras isnt enough; businesses must retain the footage. […] Preventative measures like video surveillance, proper signage, and routine safety checks can greatly lessen each of these risks. […] Even with zero payouts awarded, this case highlights the importance of appropriate insurance coverage. […] This case is a prime example of how cannabis-related businesses can proactively manage risk and protect themselves from frivolous claims.

• #51 It only takes one working arm to break into a health-club locker | Universal Hub

  https://www.universalhub.com/2023/it-only-takes-one-working-arm-break-health-club

  Surveillance photos by Cambridge PD, one of which helpfully points out his cast. […] Cambridge Police report they are still looking for a man who didn’t let an apparent broken arm stop him from breaking into two lockers at the Porter Square Planet Fitness – from which he made off with wallets and car keys back on Feb. 14. […] apparent broken arm

• #52 Epidemiology | International Osteoporosis Foundation

  https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/health-professionals/about-osteoporosis/epidemiology

  Due to changes in population demography the number of men and women with osteoporosis in the EU will rise from 27.5 million in 2010 to 33.9 million in 2025, corresponding to an increase of 23%. […] Osteoporosis and low bone mass are currently estimated to be a major public health threat for almost 54 million U.S. women and men aged 50 and older. […] The key findings from this study highlight two risk factors for osteoporosis: gender and age. […] Among the 10.2 million adults estimated to have osteoporosis in the United States, more than 80% were women. […] Additionally, osteoporosis takes a huge personal and economic toll. The ensuing fragility fractures have major impacts on the quality of life by causing substantial pain, disability, loss of independence, morbidity and even mortality for the affected patients.

• #53 Epidemiology of Displaced Supracondylar Fractures

  https://www.scientificarchives.com/article/epidemiology-of-displaced-supracondylar-fractures

  Supracondylar fractures of the humerus are the most common elbow fracture in the pediatric population and comprise nearly 60% of all elbow fractures. Supracondylar fractures most commonly occur in children aged five to seven. […] The epidemiology of supracondylar fractures has evolved in recent years due to an increased incidence of childhood involvement in athletics and modern changes in playground equipment. […] The primary aim of this study was to investigate if child abuse is a common mechanism leading to displaced supracondylar fractures. […] In our cohort, 73 of the 75 children with supracondylar fractures were older than two. […] Supracondylar fractures following an act of child abuse are rare. […] The results of the current study and literature review demonstrate that a supracondylar fracture by itself should not be a red flag for abuse.

• #54 chevron-right

  https://cw34.com/news/local/night-nurse-allegedly-fractures-arm-of-66-year-old-patient-florida-man-mental-health-facility-palm-beach-county-delray-beach-florida-night-nurse-patient-attack-may-7-2025

  A night nurse at a Delray Beach mental health facility allegedly assaulted a 66-year-old patient, leaving him with a fractured arm after a dispute over medication. […] Officers reviewed surveillance footage from the facility, which confirmed parts of the patient’s account. […] Levin has been accused of aggravated battery on a person 65 years old or older.

• #55

  https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/privacy-commissioner-recommends-rps-provide-surveillance-videos-to-arrested-man-1.7362851

  The Saskatchewan privacy commissioner says Regina Police Service (RPS) should hand over surveillance videos of a person being arrested last October. […] The person, or applicant, said officers broke his arm while arresting him in the lobby of the police station. […] „I require a copy of the video of my arrest. Where my arm was broken by one of the arresting officers as I was already on the ground. And now I have a permanent problem with my arm,” he said. […] The RPS has previously refused to hand over the videos to the applicant, saying it’s a security issue. […] It withheld a total of 20 videos he appears on, „pursuant to the Local Authority Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (LA FOIP),” according to privacy commissioner’s Ronald J. Kruzeniski’s report. […] But the privacy commissioner said he thinks eight of the videos that show the man being arrested in the lobby could be released without a risk. […] „I recommend that RPS release the eight videos of the lobby to the applicant within 30 days of issuance of this report.”

• #56 Case Study: How Video Surveillance Helped Prevent a Costly General Liability Claim for a Dispensary | Conifer Insurance Services

  https://coniferinsurance.com/how-video-surveillance-helped-prevent-general-liability-claim-for-dispensary/

  A dispensary customer slipped and fell while exiting the premises, resulting in a broken arm. […] Video surveillance footage confirmed that the fall was not caused by any defect or hazard on the premises. […] The clear surveillance footage showed that the dispensary was not negligent in maintaining safe conditions. […] Surveillance footage is critical in defending against fraudulent or exaggerated claims, but having cameras isnt enough; businesses must retain the footage. […] Preventative measures like video surveillance, proper signage, and routine safety checks can greatly lessen each of these risks. […] Even with zero payouts awarded, this case highlights the importance of appropriate insurance coverage. […] This case is a prime example of how cannabis-related businesses can proactively manage risk and protect themselves from frivolous claims.

• #57

  https://abc7.com/van-nuys-target-mask-fight-surveillance-video-face-requirement/6172453/

  A security guard was left with a broken arm following a physical confrontation with two men who refused to wear masks inside a Target in Van Nuys. […] One of the guards suffered a broken arm. […] Gavin says this is the fourth reported fight over masks at that store since they became a requirement.

• #58

  https://abc7news.com/van-nuys-target-mask-fight-surveillance-video-face-requirement/6172738/

  Security guard was left with a broken arm following a physical confrontation with two men who refused to wear masks inside a Target in Van Nuys, California. […] One of the guards suffered a broken arm. Additional details on his condition were not immediately available. […] Gavin says this is the fourth reported fight over masks in Van Nuys since they became a requirement in public places.

• #59 Epidemiology | International Osteoporosis Foundation

  https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/health-professionals/about-osteoporosis/epidemiology

  Worldwide, osteoporosis is estimated to affect 200 million women – approximately one-tenth of women aged 60, one-fifth of women aged 70, two-fifths of women aged 80 and two-thirds of women aged 90. […] An IOF survey, conducted in 11 countries, showed denial of personal risk by postmenopausal women, lack of dialogue about osteoporosis with their doctor, and restricted access to diagnosis and treatment before the first fracture result in under-diagnosis and undertreatment of the disease. […] Furthermore, the ageing of populations across the globe will be responsible for a major increase in the incidence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. […] Based on WHO diagnostic criteria (T-score less than or equal to -2.5 SD) approximately 22 million women and 5.5 million men aged between 50-84 years of age are estimated to have osteoporosis in the EU (2010 figures).

• #60 Epidemiology | International Osteoporosis Foundation

  https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/health-professionals/about-osteoporosis/epidemiology

  Due to changes in population demography the number of men and women with osteoporosis in the EU will rise from 27.5 million in 2010 to 33.9 million in 2025, corresponding to an increase of 23%. […] Osteoporosis and low bone mass are currently estimated to be a major public health threat for almost 54 million U.S. women and men aged 50 and older. […] The key findings from this study highlight two risk factors for osteoporosis: gender and age. […] Among the 10.2 million adults estimated to have osteoporosis in the United States, more than 80% were women. […] Additionally, osteoporosis takes a huge personal and economic toll. The ensuing fragility fractures have major impacts on the quality of life by causing substantial pain, disability, loss of independence, morbidity and even mortality for the affected patients.

• #61 Epidemiology | International Osteoporosis Foundation

  https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/health-professionals/about-osteoporosis/epidemiology

  Due to changes in population demography the number of men and women with osteoporosis in the EU will rise from 27.5 million in 2010 to 33.9 million in 2025, corresponding to an increase of 23%. […] Osteoporosis and low bone mass are currently estimated to be a major public health threat for almost 54 million U.S. women and men aged 50 and older. […] The key findings from this study highlight two risk factors for osteoporosis: gender and age. […] Among the 10.2 million adults estimated to have osteoporosis in the United States, more than 80% were women. […] Additionally, osteoporosis takes a huge personal and economic toll. The ensuing fragility fractures have major impacts on the quality of life by causing substantial pain, disability, loss of independence, morbidity and even mortality for the affected patients.

• #62 Epidemiology | International Osteoporosis Foundation

  https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/health-professionals/about-osteoporosis/epidemiology

  Due to changes in population demography the number of men and women with osteoporosis in the EU will rise from 27.5 million in 2010 to 33.9 million in 2025, corresponding to an increase of 23%. […] Osteoporosis and low bone mass are currently estimated to be a major public health threat for almost 54 million U.S. women and men aged 50 and older. […] The key findings from this study highlight two risk factors for osteoporosis: gender and age. […] Among the 10.2 million adults estimated to have osteoporosis in the United States, more than 80% were women. […] Additionally, osteoporosis takes a huge personal and economic toll. The ensuing fragility fractures have major impacts on the quality of life by causing substantial pain, disability, loss of independence, morbidity and even mortality for the affected patients.

• #63

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00198-023-06990-6

  The overall age-standardized incidence rates of all forearm fractures declined by 3.5% for men and remained unchanged for women during the study period. Age-adjusted incidence rates of distal forearm fractures slightly declined from 2008 to 2019 for both women and men. […] The observed decline in incidence rates could have multiple explanation. Firstly, changes in lifestyle with reduced smoking, which is a known risk factor for osteoporotic fractures, as well as an increase in body mass index in the population, which have shown to reduce the risk of distal forearm fractures in women. […] The increase of the aging population will increase the workload on hospitals, as well as the fracture-related costs. […] Distal forearm fractures are common fractures in Norway, especially during sub-zero temperatures, and they are highly associated with osteoporosis. […] The results of this study warrant attention to preventive strategies such as fracture liaison service to minimize the risk of subsequent fractures in patients with forearm fracture.

• #64 Epidemiology of fall related forearm and wrist fractures among adults treated in US hospital emergency departments | Injury Prevention

  https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/17/1/33

  The study indicates marked gender differences in unintentional fall related forearm and/or wrist fractures among adults aged 50years treated in US hospital emergency departments. Interventions aimed at preventing falls might be effective in reducing the incidence of this injury, particularly in those women who already have diminished bone mineral.

• #65

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00198-023-06990-6

  The overall age-standardized incidence rates of all forearm fractures declined by 3.5% for men and remained unchanged for women during the study period. Age-adjusted incidence rates of distal forearm fractures slightly declined from 2008 to 2019 for both women and men. […] The observed decline in incidence rates could have multiple explanation. Firstly, changes in lifestyle with reduced smoking, which is a known risk factor for osteoporotic fractures, as well as an increase in body mass index in the population, which have shown to reduce the risk of distal forearm fractures in women. […] The increase of the aging population will increase the workload on hospitals, as well as the fracture-related costs. […] Distal forearm fractures are common fractures in Norway, especially during sub-zero temperatures, and they are highly associated with osteoporosis. […] The results of this study warrant attention to preventive strategies such as fracture liaison service to minimize the risk of subsequent fractures in patients with forearm fracture.

• #66 Epidemiology | International Osteoporosis Foundation

  https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/health-professionals/about-osteoporosis/epidemiology

  Worldwide, osteoporosis is estimated to affect 200 million women – approximately one-tenth of women aged 60, one-fifth of women aged 70, two-fifths of women aged 80 and two-thirds of women aged 90. […] An IOF survey, conducted in 11 countries, showed denial of personal risk by postmenopausal women, lack of dialogue about osteoporosis with their doctor, and restricted access to diagnosis and treatment before the first fracture result in under-diagnosis and undertreatment of the disease. […] Furthermore, the ageing of populations across the globe will be responsible for a major increase in the incidence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. […] Based on WHO diagnostic criteria (T-score less than or equal to -2.5 SD) approximately 22 million women and 5.5 million men aged between 50-84 years of age are estimated to have osteoporosis in the EU (2010 figures).

• #67 Epidemiology | International Osteoporosis Foundation

  https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/health-professionals/about-osteoporosis/epidemiology

  Worldwide, osteoporosis is estimated to affect 200 million women – approximately one-tenth of women aged 60, one-fifth of women aged 70, two-fifths of women aged 80 and two-thirds of women aged 90. […] An IOF survey, conducted in 11 countries, showed denial of personal risk by postmenopausal women, lack of dialogue about osteoporosis with their doctor, and restricted access to diagnosis and treatment before the first fracture result in under-diagnosis and undertreatment of the disease. […] Furthermore, the ageing of populations across the globe will be responsible for a major increase in the incidence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. […] Based on WHO diagnostic criteria (T-score less than or equal to -2.5 SD) approximately 22 million women and 5.5 million men aged between 50-84 years of age are estimated to have osteoporosis in the EU (2010 figures).

• #68 Epidemiology of Distal Forearm Fracture: A Population-Based Study of 5426 Fractures – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35856325/

  Despite intensive research into the epidemiology of adult distal forearm fractures, the literature is limited. This study aimed to provide a full overview of adult distal forearm fracture epidemiology, including incidence, fracture classification, mode of injury, and trauma mechanism in patients sustaining a distal forearm fracture, based on an accurate at-risk population with manually validated data leading to a high quality in data. […] The primary outcome measure was the incidence of adult distal forearm fractures. […] The overall incidence of adult distal forearm fractures was 207.7/100 000/year. Female incidence was 323.4/100 000/year, and male incidence was 93.3/100 000/year. […] Results show that adult distal forearm fractures are very common in women after the postmenopausal period. The overall incidence of adult distal forearm fractures was 207.8/100 000/year. Female incidence was 323.4/100 000/year.

• #69 Humerus fracture – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humerus_fracture

  Humerus fractures are among the most common of fractures. Proximal fractures make up 5% of all fractures and 25% of humerus fractures, middle fractures about 60% of humerus fractures (12% of all fractures), and distal fractures the remainder. […] Incidence of proximal fractures increases with age, with about 75% of cases occurring among people over the age of 60. […] In this age group, about three times as many women as men experience a proximal fracture. […] Middle fractures are also common among the elderly, but they frequently occur among physically active young adult men who experience physical trauma to the humerus. […] Distal fractures are rare among adults, occurring primarily in children who experience physical trauma to the elbow region.

• #70

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3929546/

  Comparably age- and sex-adjusted, the overall incidence of fractures in 200911 was 11% greater than in 198991 (4017 per 100,000 p-y; 95% CI 39084127 vs. 3627 per 100,000 p-y; 95% CI 34853768). […] Our study confirms widespread reports that the incidence of proximal femur fractures continues to fall, not only in this country but worldwide. […] We also observed a reduction in distal forearm fractures among middle-aged women, but there was an apparent increase in these fractures among men age 50 years and over. […] Between 198991 and 200911, however, the apparent incidence of vertebral fractures rose dramatically in association with a shift in the age-specific incidence curves for both sexes to the left, i.e., an apparent earlier onset of vertebral fracture over time. […] All vertebral fractures were confirmed on radiologists reports, albeit 23% of them were found incidentally on X-rays taken for another purpose.

• #71

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00198-023-06990-6

  The overall age-standardized incidence rates of all forearm fractures declined by 3.5% for men and remained unchanged for women during the study period. Age-adjusted incidence rates of distal forearm fractures slightly declined from 2008 to 2019 for both women and men. […] The observed decline in incidence rates could have multiple explanation. Firstly, changes in lifestyle with reduced smoking, which is a known risk factor for osteoporotic fractures, as well as an increase in body mass index in the population, which have shown to reduce the risk of distal forearm fractures in women. […] The increase of the aging population will increase the workload on hospitals, as well as the fracture-related costs. […] Distal forearm fractures are common fractures in Norway, especially during sub-zero temperatures, and they are highly associated with osteoporosis. […] The results of this study warrant attention to preventive strategies such as fracture liaison service to minimize the risk of subsequent fractures in patients with forearm fracture.

• #72

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3929546/

  Age-related fractures are projected to increase nationally from 2.1 million in 2005 to over 3 million fractures in 2025, solely on the basis of growth in the elderly population most at risk. […] Unfortunately, there are no recent data on secular trends in incidence that include all fracture types and relevant age-groups. […] To provide more current information on fracture burden in the community, we updated our earlier study to estimate skeletal site-specific and overall fracture incidence in a population-based descriptive study among Olmsted County residents 50 years of age in 200911 and to test for secular trends at each fracture site since 198991. […] Using this unique medical records linkage system (the Rochester Epidemiology Project), we identified all fractures that occurred among Olmsted County residents 50 years old and over during the 3-year period, 200911.

• #73 Epidemiology | International Osteoporosis Foundation

  https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/health-professionals/about-osteoporosis/epidemiology

  Due to changes in population demography the number of men and women with osteoporosis in the EU will rise from 27.5 million in 2010 to 33.9 million in 2025, corresponding to an increase of 23%. […] Osteoporosis and low bone mass are currently estimated to be a major public health threat for almost 54 million U.S. women and men aged 50 and older. […] The key findings from this study highlight two risk factors for osteoporosis: gender and age. […] Among the 10.2 million adults estimated to have osteoporosis in the United States, more than 80% were women. […] Additionally, osteoporosis takes a huge personal and economic toll. The ensuing fragility fractures have major impacts on the quality of life by causing substantial pain, disability, loss of independence, morbidity and even mortality for the affected patients.

• #74 Finger fractures: Epidemiology and treatment based on 21341 fractures from the Swedish Fracture register | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0288506

  The aim of this study was to describe anatomical distribution, treatment, and the incidence of finger fractures based on data from the SFR and to assess possible differences in treatment and result in terms of PROMs according to fracture type, treatment, and sex. Epidemiologic research can identify risk factors, groups at risk and describe current treatment for specific a condition. This knowledge can enable better allocation of resources and more correct implementation of evidence-based treatments. […] The incidence in the VG-region from 2015 to 2019 ranged from 6.6 to 9.3 per 104 PYR. […] Based on the extensive registry data from the SFR this study presents detailed epidemiological information about finger fractures that can be used as a point of reference in clinical work and for future studies.

• #75

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00198-023-06990-6

  The overall age-standardized incidence rates of all forearm fractures declined by 3.5% for men and remained unchanged for women during the study period. Age-adjusted incidence rates of distal forearm fractures slightly declined from 2008 to 2019 for both women and men. […] The observed decline in incidence rates could have multiple explanation. Firstly, changes in lifestyle with reduced smoking, which is a known risk factor for osteoporotic fractures, as well as an increase in body mass index in the population, which have shown to reduce the risk of distal forearm fractures in women. […] The increase of the aging population will increase the workload on hospitals, as well as the fracture-related costs. […] Distal forearm fractures are common fractures in Norway, especially during sub-zero temperatures, and they are highly associated with osteoporosis. […] The results of this study warrant attention to preventive strategies such as fracture liaison service to minimize the risk of subsequent fractures in patients with forearm fracture.

• #76 Epidemiology of fall related forearm and wrist fractures among adults treated in US hospital emergency departments | Injury Prevention

  https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/17/1/33

  The study indicates marked gender differences in unintentional fall related forearm and/or wrist fractures among adults aged 50years treated in US hospital emergency departments. Interventions aimed at preventing falls might be effective in reducing the incidence of this injury, particularly in those women who already have diminished bone mineral.

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