Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/zollinger-ellison-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20379042

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a condition in which one or more tumors grow in the pancreas or small intestine. The tumors, called gastrinomas, produce large amounts of the hormone gastrin. Gastrin causes the stomach to produce too much acid, which leads to peptic ulcers. High gastrin levels also can cause diarrhea, belly pain and other symptoms. […] Symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may include: Stomach pain. Diarrhea. Burning, aching or discomfort in your upper belly. Acid reflux and heartburn. Burping. Nausea and vomiting. Bleeding in your digestive tract. Losing weight without trying. Loss of appetite. […] The tumors that form with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome are made up of cells that secrete large amounts of the hormone gastrin. For this reason, they are sometimes called gastrinomas. Increased gastrin causes the stomach to make far too much acid. The excess acid then leads to peptic ulcers and sometimes to diarrhea. […] Although the tumors tend to grow slowly, the cancer can spread elsewhere most commonly to nearby lymph nodes or the liver.

• #2 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a condition that occurs when one or more tumors called gastrinomas, which are located mainly in your pancreas or duodenum cause your stomach to make too much acid. Too much acid in your stomach can lead to symptoms, such as diarrhea, and health complications, including peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Common symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome include diarrhea, which may sometimes be the only symptom, burning or dull pain in the abdomen, or belly, between the navel and middle of the chest, heartburn, nausea or vomiting, and weight loss. […] You should see a doctor right away if you have symptoms such as chest pain, persistent vomiting, problems breathing, problems or pain while swallowing, signs of bleeding in the digestive tract, sudden, sharp stomach pain that doesn’t go away, weakness or feeling faint. These could be signs of a complication or another serious health problem.

• #3 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES) is a rare condition that affects the digestive tract. Its characterized by the formation of tumors, called gastrinomas. Gastrinomas typically appear in the pancreas and upper part of the small intestine, also called the duodenum. […] Symptoms are generally digestive in nature. The two most common symptoms of ZES are abdominal pain and diarrhea. Other symptoms include: bloating and burping, nausea, vomiting, which may have blood in it if peptic ulcers are present, weight loss for no apparent reason, loss of appetite. […] ZES symptoms are sometimes confused with the more common peptic ulcer disease or gastroesophageal reflux disease gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD is a chronic condition in which stomach acid backwashes into the esophagus. ZES symptoms tend to be more severe and less responsive to standard therapies than these other disorders. […] ZES is a rare but serious disease. Most ZES tumors grow slowly, and medications are very effective in reducing gastric acid and ulcer pain.

• #4 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/183555-clinical

  A high index of clinical awareness is needed to make a diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES), as its signs/symptoms are generally nonspecific. Abdominal pain is the most common symptom, present in 75% of patients. Typically, it is located in the upper abdomen and mimics that of peptic ulcer disease. This symptom is reported more frequently by men and patients with the sporadic form of ZES. […] Of patients with ZES, 73% have diarrhea; this is the most common symptom in patients who have multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 1 and ZES (MEN 1/ZES) as well as in female patients. The combination of diarrhea and abdominal pain is present in more than half the patients. […] Heartburn is the third most common symptom, and this symptom mimics gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, and weight loss. Gastrointestinal bleeding frequently is due to ulceration in the duodenum and is the presenting symptom in 25% of patients.

• #5 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a condition that occurs when one or more tumors called gastrinomas, which are located mainly in your pancreas or duodenum cause your stomach to make too much acid. Too much acid in your stomach can lead to symptoms, such as diarrhea, and health complications, including peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Common symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome include diarrhea, which may sometimes be the only symptom, burning or dull pain in the abdomen, or belly, between the navel and middle of the chest, heartburn, nausea or vomiting, and weight loss. […] You should see a doctor right away if you have symptoms such as chest pain, persistent vomiting, problems breathing, problems or pain while swallowing, signs of bleeding in the digestive tract, sudden, sharp stomach pain that doesn’t go away, weakness or feeling faint. These could be signs of a complication or another serious health problem.

• #6 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a condition in which the body produces too much of the hormone gastrin. Most of the time, a small tumor (gastrinoma) in the pancreas or small intestine is the source of the extra gastrin in the blood. […] Symptoms may include: Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Vomiting blood (sometimes), Severe esophageal reflux (GERD) symptoms. Signs include ulcers in the stomach and small intestine. […] The cure rate is low, even when it is found early and the tumor is removed. However, gastrinomas grow slowly. People with this condition may live for many years after the tumor is found. Acid-suppressing medicines work well to control the symptoms.

• #7 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/183555-clinical

  A high index of clinical awareness is needed to make a diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES), as its signs/symptoms are generally nonspecific. Abdominal pain is the most common symptom, present in 75% of patients. Typically, it is located in the upper abdomen and mimics that of peptic ulcer disease. This symptom is reported more frequently by men and patients with the sporadic form of ZES. […] Of patients with ZES, 73% have diarrhea; this is the most common symptom in patients who have multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 1 and ZES (MEN 1/ZES) as well as in female patients. The combination of diarrhea and abdominal pain is present in more than half the patients. […] Heartburn is the third most common symptom, and this symptom mimics gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, and weight loss. Gastrointestinal bleeding frequently is due to ulceration in the duodenum and is the presenting symptom in 25% of patients.

• #8 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/408

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is a condition caused by gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumour that causes gastric acid hypersecretion and peptic ulcer disease. […] Common presentation includes refractory peptic ulcer disease, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and gastro-oesophageal disease. […] It most commonly presents with abdominal pain (70% to 100% of patients), diarrhoea (37% to 73% of patients), and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (44% of patients). […] Less common presentations include weight loss, gastrointestinal bleeding, nausea, and vomiting. […] The most common cause of morbidity and mortality is metastatic gastrinoma.

• #9 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome – Endocrine Surgery | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/surgery/endocrine-surgery/patient-resources/patient-education/endocrine-surgery-encyclopedia/zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a condition caused by abnormal production of the hormone gastrin. A small tumor (gastinoma) in the pancreas or small intestine produces the high levels of gastrin in the blood. […] High stomach acid levels lead to multiple ulcers in the stomach and small bowel. Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may experience abdominal pain and diarrhea. […] Symptoms: Pain, Vomiting blood (occasional), Diarrhea. […] Early diagnosis and surgical removal of the tumor is associated with a cure rate of only 20% to 25%. However, gastrinomas grow slowly, and patients may live for many years after the tumor is discovered. Acid-suppressing medications are very effective at controlling the symptoms of acid overproduction.

• #10 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17960-zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome causes severe peptic ulcer disease and chronic diarrhea. It affects people who have gastrinomas. These are a type of neuroendocrine tumors in your pancreas and duodenum (the top part of your small intestine). […] Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may not cause symptoms. When it does, symptoms may include: Blood in your vomit or poop from gastrointestinal bleeding, Burning or gnawing stomach pain from acid reflux, Fatigue and weakness from anemia that gastrointestinal bleeding may cause, Greasy, fatty poops, Heartburn, Indigestion, especially after you eat fatty foods, Loss of appetite, Nausea and vomiting, Unexplained weight loss. […] Your symptoms depend on the tumor size and how many tumors you have. Large gastrinoma tumors release more gastrin, so your stomach produces more gastric acid. Large amounts of gastric acid in your stomach can lead to more severe peptic ulcer disease symptoms.

• #11 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20379029/

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a condition in which one or more tumors grow in the pancreas or small intestine. The tumors, called gastrinomas, produce large amounts of the hormone gastrin. Gastrin causes the stomach to produce too much acid, which leads to peptic ulcers. High gastrin levels also can cause diarrhea, belly pain and other symptoms. […] Symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may include: Stomach pain. Diarrhea. Burning, aching or discomfort in your upper belly. Acid reflux and heartburn. Burping. Nausea and vomiting. Bleeding in your digestive tract. Losing weight without trying. Loss of appetite. […] Excess acid production can almost always be controlled. Medicines known as proton pump inhibitors are the first line of treatment. These are effective medicines for controlling acid production in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

• #12 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

  http://pihhealth.staywellknowledgebase.com/coronavirus/134,209

  The symptoms of ZES are similar to those of other ulcers, but they’re often more severe and associated with diarrhea. Other symptoms include: […] Diarrhea, which may sometimes be the only symptom. […] Nausea. […] Vomiting. […] Weight loss. […] Belly (abdominal) pain, dull or sometimes burning in nature. […] Severe heartburn (gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD). […] Intestinal bleeding, such as black or tarry stool, or blood in the stool. […] Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and diarrhea. […] If left untreated, there can be serious complications.

• #13 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20379029/

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a condition in which one or more tumors grow in the pancreas or small intestine. The tumors, called gastrinomas, produce large amounts of the hormone gastrin. Gastrin causes the stomach to produce too much acid, which leads to peptic ulcers. High gastrin levels also can cause diarrhea, belly pain and other symptoms. […] Symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may include: Stomach pain. Diarrhea. Burning, aching or discomfort in your upper belly. Acid reflux and heartburn. Burping. Nausea and vomiting. Bleeding in your digestive tract. Losing weight without trying. Loss of appetite. […] Excess acid production can almost always be controlled. Medicines known as proton pump inhibitors are the first line of treatment. These are effective medicines for controlling acid production in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

• #14 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

  http://www.ask-ahd.ahdubai.com/con-20379029

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a rare condition in which one or more tumors form in your pancreas or the upper part of your small intestine (duodenum). […] Signs and symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may include: Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Burning, aching, gnawing or discomfort in your upper abdomen, Acid reflux and heartburn, Burping, Nausea and vomiting, Bleeding in your digestive tract, Unintended weight loss, Decreased appetite. […] The tumors that occur with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome are made up of cells that secrete large amounts of the hormone gastrin. Increased gastrin makes the stomach produce far too much acid. The excess acid then leads to peptic ulcers and sometimes to diarrhea. […] Besides causing excess acid production, the tumors are often cancerous (malignant). Although the tumors tend to grow slowly, the cancer can spread elsewhere most commonly to nearby lymph nodes or your liver. […] Excess acid production can almost always be controlled. Medications known as proton pump inhibitors are the first line of treatment. These are effective medications for decreasing acid production in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

• #15 Gastrinoma and Zollinger Ellison syndrome: A roadmap for the management between new and old therapies

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v27/i35/5890.htm

  According to data from the literature, common symptoms include abdominal pain (75%), diarrhea (73%), heartburn (44%), and weight loss (17%). […] The endoscopic features are also not specific and might include erosions and ulcers; however, ZES patients often present with multiple ulcers located at unusual sites, e.g., beyond the first or second portion of the duodenum. […] One should keep in mind that approximately 25% of gastrinomas occur in the context of MEN-1, which is characterized by the presence of parathyroid, pancreatic-duodenal, and pituitary tumors. […] The management of gastrinoma and ZES includes both a proper medical treatment for symptoms relief and surgery with curative intent whenever feasible. […] The role of surgery in the treatment of gastrinoma has changed completely from the introduction of PPIs in the 1980s. […] Surgical removal of the primary tumor (and possibly its metastases) with curative intent should be, indeed, always performed. […] The first step, again, is represented by syndrome control, based on PPIs, which are considered to be the drugs of choice for suppressing acid secretion.

• #16 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a condition in which the body produces too much of the hormone gastrin. Most of the time, a small tumor (gastrinoma) in the pancreas or small intestine is the source of the extra gastrin in the blood. […] Symptoms may include: Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Vomiting blood (sometimes), Severe esophageal reflux (GERD) symptoms. Signs include ulcers in the stomach and small intestine. […] The cure rate is low, even when it is found early and the tumor is removed. However, gastrinomas grow slowly. People with this condition may live for many years after the tumor is found. Acid-suppressing medicines work well to control the symptoms.

• #17 Zollinger–Ellison syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zollinger%E2%80%93Ellison_syndrome

  ZollingerEllison syndrome (Z-E syndrome) is a rare disease in which tumors cause the stomach to produce too much acid, resulting in peptic ulcers. Symptoms include abdominal pain and diarrhea. […] Patients with ZollingerEllison syndrome may experience abdominal pain and diarrhea. If left untreated, the condition could result in severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and refractory peptic ulcer disease. […] Chronic diarrhea, including steatorrhea (fatty stools) […] Pain in the esophagus, especially between and after meals at night […] Nausea […] Wheezing […] Vomiting blood […] Malnourishment […] Loss of appetite […] Malabsorption.

• #18 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/183555-overview

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is caused by a nonbeta islet cell, gastrin-secreting tumor of the pancreas that stimulates the acid-secreting cells of the stomach to maximal activity, with consequent gastrointestinal mucosal ulceration. […] The symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) are secondary to hypergastrinemia, which causes hypertrophy of the gastric mucosa, leading to increased numbers of parietal cells and increased maximal acid output. Gastrin by itself also stimulates acid secretion, resulting in increased basal acid secretion. The large quantity of acid produced leads to gastrointestinal mucosal ulceration. It also leads to diarrhea and malabsorption. […] Malabsorption in ZES usually is multifactorial, being caused by direct mucosal damage by acid, inactivation of pancreatic enzymes, and precipitation of bile salts.

• #19 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/183555-overview

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is caused by a nonbeta islet cell, gastrin-secreting tumor of the pancreas that stimulates the acid-secreting cells of the stomach to maximal activity, with consequent gastrointestinal mucosal ulceration. […] The symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) are secondary to hypergastrinemia, which causes hypertrophy of the gastric mucosa, leading to increased numbers of parietal cells and increased maximal acid output. Gastrin by itself also stimulates acid secretion, resulting in increased basal acid secretion. The large quantity of acid produced leads to gastrointestinal mucosal ulceration. It also leads to diarrhea and malabsorption. […] Malabsorption in ZES usually is multifactorial, being caused by direct mucosal damage by acid, inactivation of pancreatic enzymes, and precipitation of bile salts.

• #20 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Patients with ZES as part of the MEN1 syndrome present at an earlier age (approximately 10 years earlier) and may have relatively mild symptoms which can be misdiagnosed or overlooked. […] Epigastric pain suggestive of peptic ulceration is common, especially in men and in sporadic cases of ZES. […] The other major feature is diarrhoea and this particularly occurs in MEN1 and in women. […] There is often both abdominal pain and diarrhoea. […] Pain of gastro-oesophageal reflux, nausea, vomiting and weight loss may also occur. […] Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is the presenting symptom in about 25% of patients. […] Most children with the disease present with complications such as perforation or bleeding. […] The most significant factor in pancreatic gastrinoma is the presence of liver metastasis. Patients with liver metastasis have 15% 10-year survival but those without have 95% 20-year survival.

• #21 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17960-zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome causes severe peptic ulcer disease and chronic diarrhea. It affects people who have gastrinomas. These are a type of neuroendocrine tumors in your pancreas and duodenum (the top part of your small intestine). […] Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may not cause symptoms. When it does, symptoms may include: Blood in your vomit or poop from gastrointestinal bleeding, Burning or gnawing stomach pain from acid reflux, Fatigue and weakness from anemia that gastrointestinal bleeding may cause, Greasy, fatty poops, Heartburn, Indigestion, especially after you eat fatty foods, Loss of appetite, Nausea and vomiting, Unexplained weight loss. […] Your symptoms depend on the tumor size and how many tumors you have. Large gastrinoma tumors release more gastrin, so your stomach produces more gastric acid. Large amounts of gastric acid in your stomach can lead to more severe peptic ulcer disease symptoms.

• #22 Gastrinoma and Zollinger Ellison syndrome: A roadmap for the management between new and old therapies

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v27/i35/5890.htm

  The diagnosis of ZES is not always straightforward due to both non-specific symptoms and confounding factors including proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, which might temporarily relieve symptoms. […] As a consequence, the average time between the onset of symptoms and the final diagnosis is often longer than 5 years, and nearly 25% of patients are metastatic at the first diagnosis and show a worse prognosis when compared to non-metastatic patients in whom the surgical management is associated with a promising 15-year survival rate of 80%. […] The symptoms usually resolve when gastric acid secretion is controlled pharmacologically with PPIs; of note, the disappearance of diarrhea following PPI treatment is typical of ZES and represents one of the factors contributing to the diagnostic delay.

• #23 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES) is a rare condition that affects the digestive tract. Its characterized by the formation of tumors, called gastrinomas. Gastrinomas typically appear in the pancreas and upper part of the small intestine, also called the duodenum. […] Symptoms are generally digestive in nature. The two most common symptoms of ZES are abdominal pain and diarrhea. Other symptoms include: bloating and burping, nausea, vomiting, which may have blood in it if peptic ulcers are present, weight loss for no apparent reason, loss of appetite. […] ZES symptoms are sometimes confused with the more common peptic ulcer disease or gastroesophageal reflux disease gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD is a chronic condition in which stomach acid backwashes into the esophagus. ZES symptoms tend to be more severe and less responsive to standard therapies than these other disorders. […] ZES is a rare but serious disease. Most ZES tumors grow slowly, and medications are very effective in reducing gastric acid and ulcer pain.

• #24 Gastrinoma and Zollinger Ellison syndrome: A roadmap for the management between new and old therapies

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v27/i35/5890.htm

  The diagnosis of ZES is not always straightforward due to both non-specific symptoms and confounding factors including proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, which might temporarily relieve symptoms. […] As a consequence, the average time between the onset of symptoms and the final diagnosis is often longer than 5 years, and nearly 25% of patients are metastatic at the first diagnosis and show a worse prognosis when compared to non-metastatic patients in whom the surgical management is associated with a promising 15-year survival rate of 80%. […] The symptoms usually resolve when gastric acid secretion is controlled pharmacologically with PPIs; of note, the disappearance of diarrhea following PPI treatment is typical of ZES and represents one of the factors contributing to the diagnostic delay.

• #25 Gastrinomas | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/neuroendocrine-tumours-nets/pancreatic-nets/gastrinoma/symptoms

  Gastrinomas are very rare. Fewer than 2 people in every million develop a gastrinoma every year. […] All gastrinomas are cancers. Some gastrinomas grow slowly and don’t spread to other parts of the body. But some can spread (metastasise) to other parts of the body. […] Gastrinomas that start in the pancreas are more likely to spread to other parts of the body, than gastrinomas that start in the duodenum: […] Gastrinomas make large amounts of the hormone gastrin. This increases the amount of acid in your stomach. So you usually have treatment to stop your stomach from making too much acid. […] You might have other treatments if: […] These treatments can control your symptoms and help you feel better but wont get rid of the NET. […] Survival depends on many factors. So no one can tell you exactly how long you will live. Your doctor might be able to give you some guide, based on their knowledge and experience.

• #26 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/zollinger-ellison-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20379042

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a condition in which one or more tumors grow in the pancreas or small intestine. The tumors, called gastrinomas, produce large amounts of the hormone gastrin. Gastrin causes the stomach to produce too much acid, which leads to peptic ulcers. High gastrin levels also can cause diarrhea, belly pain and other symptoms. […] Symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may include: Stomach pain. Diarrhea. Burning, aching or discomfort in your upper belly. Acid reflux and heartburn. Burping. Nausea and vomiting. Bleeding in your digestive tract. Losing weight without trying. Loss of appetite. […] The tumors that form with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome are made up of cells that secrete large amounts of the hormone gastrin. For this reason, they are sometimes called gastrinomas. Increased gastrin causes the stomach to make far too much acid. The excess acid then leads to peptic ulcers and sometimes to diarrhea. […] Although the tumors tend to grow slowly, the cancer can spread elsewhere most commonly to nearby lymph nodes or the liver.

• #27 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Causes, Treatments, Symptoms, Prognosis, and More

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is a disease of the gastrointestinal system. People who have ZES develop tumors known as gastrinomas in the pancreas and duodenum (the first section of the small intestine). The gastrinomas caused by ZES secrete the hormone gastrin. Because gastrin creates excessive stomach acid, 90 percent of patients with ZES develop stomach and duodenal ulcers. […] People who have Zollinger-Ellison syndrome don’t always have symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they include: Abdominal pain, Burning pain in the abdomen, Nausea, Diarrhea, Weight loss, Vomiting, Bleeding from the stomach, Weakness, Fatigue. […] Gastrinomas tend to grow slowly and are not always malignant. The five-year survival rate depends on whether tumors are cancerous and if they’ve spread. If they have not spread to the liver, the 5-year survival rate may be 90%. If surgery removes the gastrinoma, 20%-25% of patients are completely cured.

• #28 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/digestive-health/zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  The outlook for ZES depends on multiple factors, such as the stage of the gastrinoma and its location. […] About 60–90% of gastrinomas are malignant, meaning they are cancerous. Without effective treatment, gastrinomas typically spread to the liver, lymph nodes, or other organs. […] However, effective treatment can improve your outlook and reduce the risk of spread or complications.

• #29 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/digestive-health/zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Seek immediate medical care if you experience any of the following symptoms: chest pain; difficulty breathing; difficulty or pain swallowing; persistent vomiting; symptoms of bleeding in the digestive tract; sharp, sudden stomach pain that does not improve; weakness or faintness. […] These symptoms may indicate a complication of ZES or another severe health condition. […] If you have recurrent peptic ulcers that do not respond to standard ulcer treatment, this may also be a sign of ZES. […] People with ZES may develop further complications, such as: internal bleeding; perforation of your digestive tracts or organs; pain; malnutrition; surgery complications; death. […] Gastrinomas that cause ZES are also cancerous. Without effective treatment, the tumors may spread to other areas of the body, such as: pancreas; liver; lymph nodes; bone; other distinct organs.

• #30 Gastrinomas | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/neuroendocrine-tumours-nets/types/pancreatic-nets/gastrinoma

  Gastrinomas can also spread to the nearby lymph nodes. […] Gastrinomas are very rare. Fewer than 2 people in every million develop a gastrinoma every year. […] All gastrinomas are cancers. Some gastrinomas grow slowly and don’t spread to other parts of the body. But some can spread (metastasise) to other parts of the body. […] Gastrinomas that start in the pancreas are more likely to spread to other parts of the body, than gastrinomas that start in the duodenum: up to 35 out of every 100 pancreatic gastrinomas (up to 35%) spread to the liver, up to 10 out of every 100 duodenal gastrinomas (up to 10%) spread to the liver. […] Your prognosis will depend on the type of NET you have and what stage it is.

• #31 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/183555-overview

  Prognosis is excellent in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) without metastatic disease. Early recognition generally results in more than 80% survival at 15 years. […] In general, the morbidity and mortality of ZES is low because of improved medical and surgical management of the disease. Fewer than 5% of patients develop a complication, such as abdominal perforation, gastric outlet obstruction, or esophageal stricture. […] The following complications may arise in patients with ZES: Abdominal perforation secondary to ulceration (The duodenum and jejunum are the most common sites.), Esophageal stricture, with reflux, Bowel obstruction, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Gastric carcinoids (especially in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 1 [MEN 1]).

• #32 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/z/zollinger-ellison-syndrome.html

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is a rare digestive disorder that occurs when one or more tumors called gastrinomas located in your pancreas or duodenum cause your stomach to make too much acid. […] The symptoms of ZES are similar to those of other ulcers, but they’re often more severe and associated with diarrhea. Other symptoms include: Diarrhea, which may sometimes be the only symptom. Nausea. Vomiting. Weight loss. Belly (abdominal) pain, dull or sometimes burning in nature. Severe heartburn (gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD). Intestinal bleeding, such as black or tarry stool, or blood in the stool. […] In most people with ZES, tumors grow slowly and dont spread quickly. If you can manage the ulcers, you can enjoy a good quality of life. […] But the extra stomach acid caused by Zollinger-Ellison syndrome can lead to peptic ulcer disease or GERD. Without treatment, these diseases can lead to complications such as: Bleeding or perforation in the upper digestive tract. A blockage that can stop food from moving from your stomach into your duodenum. Esophagitis or esophageal stricture. […] Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and diarrhea. […] If left untreated, there can be serious complications.

• #33 Zollinger–Ellison syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zollinger%E2%80%93Ellison_syndrome

  ZollingerEllison syndrome (Z-E syndrome) is a rare disease in which tumors cause the stomach to produce too much acid, resulting in peptic ulcers. Symptoms include abdominal pain and diarrhea. […] Patients with ZollingerEllison syndrome may experience abdominal pain and diarrhea. If left untreated, the condition could result in severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and refractory peptic ulcer disease. […] Chronic diarrhea, including steatorrhea (fatty stools) […] Pain in the esophagus, especially between and after meals at night […] Nausea […] Wheezing […] Vomiting blood […] Malnourishment […] Loss of appetite […] Malabsorption.

• #34 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/183555-overview

  Prognosis is excellent in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) without metastatic disease. Early recognition generally results in more than 80% survival at 15 years. […] In general, the morbidity and mortality of ZES is low because of improved medical and surgical management of the disease. Fewer than 5% of patients develop a complication, such as abdominal perforation, gastric outlet obstruction, or esophageal stricture. […] The following complications may arise in patients with ZES: Abdominal perforation secondary to ulceration (The duodenum and jejunum are the most common sites.), Esophageal stricture, with reflux, Bowel obstruction, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Gastric carcinoids (especially in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 1 [MEN 1]).

• #35 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/183555-overview

  Prognosis is excellent in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) without metastatic disease. Early recognition generally results in more than 80% survival at 15 years. […] In general, the morbidity and mortality of ZES is low because of improved medical and surgical management of the disease. Fewer than 5% of patients develop a complication, such as abdominal perforation, gastric outlet obstruction, or esophageal stricture. […] The following complications may arise in patients with ZES: Abdominal perforation secondary to ulceration (The duodenum and jejunum are the most common sites.), Esophageal stricture, with reflux, Bowel obstruction, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Gastric carcinoids (especially in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 1 [MEN 1]).

• #36 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17960-zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome can be life-threatening. For example, a gastrinoma tumor that blocks your duodenum can make it rupture. The tumor can spread to your liver. Large amounts of gastric acid may lead to severe gastrointestinal bleeding. […] Surgery to remove cancerous gastrinomas may cure the condition. But a cure depends on removing all cancerous cells in your body. If surgery is successful, you’ll need to take medication to manage gastric acid for the rest of your life. […] Your prognosis, or what you can expect after treatment, depends on the tumor type. Noncancerous gastrinoma tumors aren’t life-threatening. You may need ongoing treatment to manage stomach acid levels. […] The situation changes if you have cancerous tumors. In that case, you may need surgery and follow-up cancer treatment. […] Zollinger-Ellison survival rates vary. Experts estimate more than 90% of people will live between five and 10 years after surgery removes all gastrinoma tumors. The five-year survival rate estimate drops to 43% in cases where surgery doesn’t remove all tumors.

• #37 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/digestive-health/zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  The outlook for ZES depends on multiple factors, such as the stage of the gastrinoma and its location. […] About 60–90% of gastrinomas are malignant, meaning they are cancerous. Without effective treatment, gastrinomas typically spread to the liver, lymph nodes, or other organs. […] However, effective treatment can improve your outlook and reduce the risk of spread or complications.

• #38 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20379029/

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a condition in which one or more tumors grow in the pancreas or small intestine. The tumors, called gastrinomas, produce large amounts of the hormone gastrin. Gastrin causes the stomach to produce too much acid, which leads to peptic ulcers. High gastrin levels also can cause diarrhea, belly pain and other symptoms. […] Symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may include: Stomach pain. Diarrhea. Burning, aching or discomfort in your upper belly. Acid reflux and heartburn. Burping. Nausea and vomiting. Bleeding in your digestive tract. Losing weight without trying. Loss of appetite. […] Excess acid production can almost always be controlled. Medicines known as proton pump inhibitors are the first line of treatment. These are effective medicines for controlling acid production in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

• #39 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome – Endocrine Surgery | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/surgery/endocrine-surgery/patient-resources/patient-education/endocrine-surgery-encyclopedia/zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a condition caused by abnormal production of the hormone gastrin. A small tumor (gastinoma) in the pancreas or small intestine produces the high levels of gastrin in the blood. […] High stomach acid levels lead to multiple ulcers in the stomach and small bowel. Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may experience abdominal pain and diarrhea. […] Symptoms: Pain, Vomiting blood (occasional), Diarrhea. […] Early diagnosis and surgical removal of the tumor is associated with a cure rate of only 20% to 25%. However, gastrinomas grow slowly, and patients may live for many years after the tumor is discovered. Acid-suppressing medications are very effective at controlling the symptoms of acid overproduction.

• #40 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Causes, Treatments, Symptoms, Prognosis, and More

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is a disease of the gastrointestinal system. People who have ZES develop tumors known as gastrinomas in the pancreas and duodenum (the first section of the small intestine). The gastrinomas caused by ZES secrete the hormone gastrin. Because gastrin creates excessive stomach acid, 90 percent of patients with ZES develop stomach and duodenal ulcers. […] People who have Zollinger-Ellison syndrome don’t always have symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they include: Abdominal pain, Burning pain in the abdomen, Nausea, Diarrhea, Weight loss, Vomiting, Bleeding from the stomach, Weakness, Fatigue. […] Gastrinomas tend to grow slowly and are not always malignant. The five-year survival rate depends on whether tumors are cancerous and if they’ve spread. If they have not spread to the liver, the 5-year survival rate may be 90%. If surgery removes the gastrinoma, 20%-25% of patients are completely cured.

• #41 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17960-zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome can be life-threatening. For example, a gastrinoma tumor that blocks your duodenum can make it rupture. The tumor can spread to your liver. Large amounts of gastric acid may lead to severe gastrointestinal bleeding. […] Surgery to remove cancerous gastrinomas may cure the condition. But a cure depends on removing all cancerous cells in your body. If surgery is successful, you’ll need to take medication to manage gastric acid for the rest of your life. […] Your prognosis, or what you can expect after treatment, depends on the tumor type. Noncancerous gastrinoma tumors aren’t life-threatening. You may need ongoing treatment to manage stomach acid levels. […] The situation changes if you have cancerous tumors. In that case, you may need surgery and follow-up cancer treatment. […] Zollinger-Ellison survival rates vary. Experts estimate more than 90% of people will live between five and 10 years after surgery removes all gastrinoma tumors. The five-year survival rate estimate drops to 43% in cases where surgery doesn’t remove all tumors.

• #42 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17960-zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome can be life-threatening. For example, a gastrinoma tumor that blocks your duodenum can make it rupture. The tumor can spread to your liver. Large amounts of gastric acid may lead to severe gastrointestinal bleeding. […] Surgery to remove cancerous gastrinomas may cure the condition. But a cure depends on removing all cancerous cells in your body. If surgery is successful, you’ll need to take medication to manage gastric acid for the rest of your life. […] Your prognosis, or what you can expect after treatment, depends on the tumor type. Noncancerous gastrinoma tumors aren’t life-threatening. You may need ongoing treatment to manage stomach acid levels. […] The situation changes if you have cancerous tumors. In that case, you may need surgery and follow-up cancer treatment. […] Zollinger-Ellison survival rates vary. Experts estimate more than 90% of people will live between five and 10 years after surgery removes all gastrinoma tumors. The five-year survival rate estimate drops to 43% in cases where surgery doesn’t remove all tumors.

• #43 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Patients with ZES as part of the MEN1 syndrome present at an earlier age (approximately 10 years earlier) and may have relatively mild symptoms which can be misdiagnosed or overlooked. […] Epigastric pain suggestive of peptic ulceration is common, especially in men and in sporadic cases of ZES. […] The other major feature is diarrhoea and this particularly occurs in MEN1 and in women. […] There is often both abdominal pain and diarrhoea. […] Pain of gastro-oesophageal reflux, nausea, vomiting and weight loss may also occur. […] Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is the presenting symptom in about 25% of patients. […] Most children with the disease present with complications such as perforation or bleeding. […] The most significant factor in pancreatic gastrinoma is the presence of liver metastasis. Patients with liver metastasis have 15% 10-year survival but those without have 95% 20-year survival.

• #44 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Patients with ZES as part of the MEN1 syndrome present at an earlier age (approximately 10 years earlier) and may have relatively mild symptoms which can be misdiagnosed or overlooked. […] Epigastric pain suggestive of peptic ulceration is common, especially in men and in sporadic cases of ZES. […] The other major feature is diarrhoea and this particularly occurs in MEN1 and in women. […] There is often both abdominal pain and diarrhoea. […] Pain of gastro-oesophageal reflux, nausea, vomiting and weight loss may also occur. […] Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is the presenting symptom in about 25% of patients. […] Most children with the disease present with complications such as perforation or bleeding. […] The most significant factor in pancreatic gastrinoma is the presence of liver metastasis. Patients with liver metastasis have 15% 10-year survival but those without have 95% 20-year survival.

• #45 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a condition that occurs when one or more tumors called gastrinomas, which are located mainly in your pancreas or duodenum cause your stomach to make too much acid. Too much acid in your stomach can lead to symptoms, such as diarrhea, and health complications, including peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Common symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome include diarrhea, which may sometimes be the only symptom, burning or dull pain in the abdomen, or belly, between the navel and middle of the chest, heartburn, nausea or vomiting, and weight loss. […] You should see a doctor right away if you have symptoms such as chest pain, persistent vomiting, problems breathing, problems or pain while swallowing, signs of bleeding in the digestive tract, sudden, sharp stomach pain that doesn’t go away, weakness or feeling faint. These could be signs of a complication or another serious health problem.

• #46 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/digestive-health/zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Seek immediate medical care if you experience any of the following symptoms: chest pain; difficulty breathing; difficulty or pain swallowing; persistent vomiting; symptoms of bleeding in the digestive tract; sharp, sudden stomach pain that does not improve; weakness or faintness. […] These symptoms may indicate a complication of ZES or another severe health condition. […] If you have recurrent peptic ulcers that do not respond to standard ulcer treatment, this may also be a sign of ZES. […] People with ZES may develop further complications, such as: internal bleeding; perforation of your digestive tracts or organs; pain; malnutrition; surgery complications; death. […] Gastrinomas that cause ZES are also cancerous. Without effective treatment, the tumors may spread to other areas of the body, such as: pancreas; liver; lymph nodes; bone; other distinct organs.

• #47 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Challenges and Management Strategies

  https://www.longdom.org/open-access/zollingerellison-syndrome-challenges-and-management-strategies-102334.html

  Individuals with ZES may experience malabsorption of nutrients, particularly fats and fat-soluble vitamins, due to the effects of chronic hyperacidity on the digestive system. […] Living with a rare and chronic condition can take a toll on an individual’s mental well-being. […] Regular monitoring and surveillance are essential to assess disease progression, tumor growth, and treatment effectiveness. […] Nutritional management plays a crucial role in ZES. […] Certain lifestyle changes can be beneficial for individuals with ZES. […] Coping with the challenges of ZES can be overwhelming, and psychological support is vital.

• #48 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17960-zollinger-ellison-syndrome

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome can be life-threatening. For example, a gastrinoma tumor that blocks your duodenum can make it rupture. The tumor can spread to your liver. Large amounts of gastric acid may lead to severe gastrointestinal bleeding. […] Surgery to remove cancerous gastrinomas may cure the condition. But a cure depends on removing all cancerous cells in your body. If surgery is successful, you’ll need to take medication to manage gastric acid for the rest of your life. […] Your prognosis, or what you can expect after treatment, depends on the tumor type. Noncancerous gastrinoma tumors aren’t life-threatening. You may need ongoing treatment to manage stomach acid levels. […] The situation changes if you have cancerous tumors. In that case, you may need surgery and follow-up cancer treatment. […] Zollinger-Ellison survival rates vary. Experts estimate more than 90% of people will live between five and 10 years after surgery removes all gastrinoma tumors. The five-year survival rate estimate drops to 43% in cases where surgery doesn’t remove all tumors.

• #49 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment – DoveMed

  https://www.dovemed.com/health-topics/focused-health-topics/zollinger-ellison-syndrome-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment

  The most common symptom of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is peptic ulcers, which are painful sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or small intestine due to the excessive production of stomach acid. Other common symptoms of ZES include: […] Abdominal pain or discomfort […] Diarrhea […] Nausea and vomiting […] Bloating or feeling full quickly after eating […] Heartburn or acid reflux […] Loss of appetite and unintended weight loss. […] The prognosis for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome varies depending on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment. With appropriate treatment, many individuals with ZES are able to manage their symptoms and maintain a good quality of life. However, if left untreated, ZES can lead to serious complications such as bleeding, perforation of the stomach or small intestine, and an increased risk of stomach cancer.

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