Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Esophagitis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/21352

  Epidemiology varies depending on the subset to which one refers. […] Professionals estimate that 1% of the population suffers from erosive esophagitis. […] Medication-induced esophagitis has an estimated incidence of 3.9 per 100,000 population per year with a mean age at diagnosis of 41.5 years. […] Many studies have tried to identify the most accurate incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis. The estimated incidence is 0.35 per 100,000 population with a prevalence of 55 per 100,000 population has been associated with food allergies, asthma, and eczema. It appears to be more common in males who usually present with symptoms in their 2nd or 3rd decade. […] Radiation esophagitis is a relatively frequent complication of radiation therapy. Acute injury invariably occurs at doses of 6000 cGy given in fractions of 1000 cGy per week. Lower doses or longer schedules are associated with lower rates of radiation esophagitis. […] For infectious esophagitis, the numbers are not very easy to define. One thing that is certain is that is way more prevalent in patients who are immunocompromised such as HIV-infected patients and patients with hematological malignancies.

• #2 Pill esophagitis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pill-esophagitis

  Most medication-induced esophagitis is unreported and/or undetected, and only severe cases seek medical attention, making it difficult to accurately determine the incidence or prevalence. Overall, the mean age at diagnosis is 41.5 years with a slightly higher prevalence in females, which is likely to be reflective of the population using culprit medications rather than a sex- or age-related increase in susceptibility. Pill esophagitis usually occurs in the mid esophagus. This corresponds to areas of extrinsic compression by the mainstem bronchus, aorta, or cardiac atrium where pills or capsules are likely to lodge when swallowed with inadequate volumes of liquid and/or in a supine posture. […] More than 100 different medications have been reported to cause pill esophagitis.

• #3 Esophagitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/174223-overview

  Esophagitis is commonly seen in adults and is uncommon in childhood. The most common type of esophagitis is that associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (ie, reflux esophagitis). Candida esophagitis is the most common type of infectious esophagitis. Esophageal reflux symptoms occur monthly in 33%-44% of the general population; as many as 7%-10% of people have daily symptoms. […] The incidence of symptoms of reflux is up to an order of magnitude higher than the prevalence of esophagitis. In the United Kingdom, patients presenting to a general practitioner with symptoms of reflux esophagitis show rates of esophagitis in the range of 40%-65%. However, a retrospective review of the results of more than 8000 diagnostic endoscopies in Hampshire showed that GERD accounted for 23% of all upper gastrointestinal conditions.

• #4 Esophagitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/174223-overview

  A review of the Swedish National Register estimated the prevalence of esophagitis (diagnosed by endoscopy) to be less than 5% in the 55-year-old group. Other reports have estimated the prevalence to be on the order of 2%. […] The prevalence of symptomatic infectious esophagitis is high in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), leukemia, and lymphoma and is low ( 5%) in the general medical population. […] Candida esophagitis is the most common type of infectious esophagitis. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I is the second most common cause of infectious esophagitis. Although obtaining accurate figures regarding the prevalence of herpes esophagitis is difficult, this infection has been reported in approximately 1% of patients who are immunocompromised and in as many as 43% of patients at autopsy.

• #5 Esophagitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/174223-overview

  Esophagitis is commonly seen in adults and is uncommon in childhood. The most common type of esophagitis is that associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (ie, reflux esophagitis). Candida esophagitis is the most common type of infectious esophagitis. Esophageal reflux symptoms occur monthly in 33%-44% of the general population; as many as 7%-10% of people have daily symptoms. […] The incidence of symptoms of reflux is up to an order of magnitude higher than the prevalence of esophagitis. In the United Kingdom, patients presenting to a general practitioner with symptoms of reflux esophagitis show rates of esophagitis in the range of 40%-65%. However, a retrospective review of the results of more than 8000 diagnostic endoscopies in Hampshire showed that GERD accounted for 23% of all upper gastrointestinal conditions.

• #6 Risk factors and 26-years worldwide prevalence of endoscopic erosive esophagitis from 1997 to 2022: a meta-analysis | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-42636-7

  The overall process is illustrated in Fig. 1. The summary of qualitative synthesis of the included studies is provided in Table 1. […] Approximately 25.53% of participants are diagnosed as EE through upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy. […] The two highest pooled prevalence of EE are Africa (47% [95% CI=27%68%]) and the Middle East (43% [95% CI=28%60%]), while the lowest is Asia (24% [95% CI=22%27%]). Interestingly, the prevalence of EE in America (36% [95% CI=30%42%]) and Europe (34% [95% CI=25%44%]) are both higher than that in Asia. […] Our results also indicate that medication history is not significantly increasing the risk nor protective of EE. The prevalence of EE in each of America, Africa, and Europe is higher than that in Asia and the highest prevalence is found to be in Africa and the Middle East.

• #7 Risk factors and 26-years worldwide prevalence of endoscopic erosive esophagitis from 1997 to 2022: a meta-analysis | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-42636-7

  The overall process is illustrated in Fig. 1. The summary of qualitative synthesis of the included studies is provided in Table 1. […] Approximately 25.53% of participants are diagnosed as EE through upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy. […] The two highest pooled prevalence of EE are Africa (47% [95% CI=27%68%]) and the Middle East (43% [95% CI=28%60%]), while the lowest is Asia (24% [95% CI=22%27%]). Interestingly, the prevalence of EE in America (36% [95% CI=30%42%]) and Europe (34% [95% CI=25%44%]) are both higher than that in Asia. […] Our results also indicate that medication history is not significantly increasing the risk nor protective of EE. The prevalence of EE in each of America, Africa, and Europe is higher than that in Asia and the highest prevalence is found to be in Africa and the Middle East.

• #8 The Prevalence of Erosive Esophagitis Is Not Significantly Increased in a Healthy Korean Population – Could It Be Explained?: A Multi-center Prospective Study

  https://www.jnmjournal.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.5056/jnm.2013.19.1.70

  The prevalence rate of reflux esophagitis was 8.8%. […] The prevalence rate of erosive esophagitis was 8%, in prospective nationwide multicentre studies of 25,536 health check-up Koreans. […] The prevalence of reflux esophagitis in Korea has increased since the 1990s. In 1999, the prevalence of reflux esophagitis in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms was 5.3%. […] In this study, the prevalence of reflux esophagitis was 8.8%, which is similar to the previous study. […] The prevalence rate of erosive esophagitis and its risk factors in this study were similar to nationwide study in 2006. H. pylori seropositivity and residence in a large city were inversely related to the risk of reflux esophagitis in a large-sample, multicenter study of the Korean population. […] This study is meaningful in that as it has provided clues regarding the prevalence of erosive esophagitis and risk factors in healthy subjects.

• #9 Epidemiology and Natural History of Eosinophilic Esophagitis – SEARCH

  https://primo.qatar-weill.cornell.edu/discovery/fulldisplay/cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5794619/974WCMCIQ_INST:VU1

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has emerged over the past 2 decades as a major cause of upper gastrointestinal morbidity. Over this time, the epidemiology of EoE has also rapidly evolved. EoE has transformed from a rare case-reportable condition to disease that is commonly encountered in the gastroenterology clinic, hospital emergency room, and endoscopy suite. The incidence and prevalence are increasing at rates that outpace increased disease recognition. Current incidence estimates range from 5 to 10 cases per 100,000, and current prevalence estimates range from 0.5 to 1 case per 1000. […] Ultimately, prospective, long-term outcome studies focusing on multiple aspects of disease activity are needed to fully understand the natural history of EoE.

• #10

  https://my.dev.vanderbilt.edu/richardpeek/2017/07/epidemiology-and-natural-history-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis-2/

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has emerged over the past 2 decades as a major cause of upper gastrointestinal morbidity. Over this time, the epidemiology of EoE has also rapidly evolved. EoE has transformed from a rare case-reportable condition to disease that is commonly encountered in the gastroenterology clinic, hospital emergency room, and endoscopy suite. The incidence and prevalence are increasing at rates that outpace increased disease recognition. Current incidence estimates range from 5 to 10 cases per 100,000, and current prevalence estimates range from 0.5 to 1 case per 1000.

• #11 Epidemiology and Natural History of Eosinophilic Esophagitis – SEARCH

  https://primo.qatar-weill.cornell.edu/discovery/fulldisplay/cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5794619/974WCMCIQ_INST:VU1

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has emerged over the past 2 decades as a major cause of upper gastrointestinal morbidity. Over this time, the epidemiology of EoE has also rapidly evolved. EoE has transformed from a rare case-reportable condition to disease that is commonly encountered in the gastroenterology clinic, hospital emergency room, and endoscopy suite. The incidence and prevalence are increasing at rates that outpace increased disease recognition. Current incidence estimates range from 5 to 10 cases per 100,000, and current prevalence estimates range from 0.5 to 1 case per 1000. […] Ultimately, prospective, long-term outcome studies focusing on multiple aspects of disease activity are needed to fully understand the natural history of EoE.

• #12

  https://my.dev.vanderbilt.edu/richardpeek/2017/07/epidemiology-and-natural-history-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis-2/

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has emerged over the past 2 decades as a major cause of upper gastrointestinal morbidity. Over this time, the epidemiology of EoE has also rapidly evolved. EoE has transformed from a rare case-reportable condition to disease that is commonly encountered in the gastroenterology clinic, hospital emergency room, and endoscopy suite. The incidence and prevalence are increasing at rates that outpace increased disease recognition. Current incidence estimates range from 5 to 10 cases per 100,000, and current prevalence estimates range from 0.5 to 1 case per 1000.

• #13 Eosinophilic esophagitis: current status and future directions | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-020-0770-4

  EoE was considered an uncommon entity but has now emerged as a common cause of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract morbidity in both children and adults. A large meta-analysis estimated incidence and prevalence rates in children of 5.1 cases/100,000 persons/year and 19.1 cases/100,000 persons, respectively. EoE is diagnosed in 26.5% of patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for any indication and this increases to 12-22% if dysphagia is the indication. […] While EoE can affect patients of all age groups, it has bimodal peak with most cases in either pediatric age group or the third decade of life. EoE is more common in Caucasian males and has a strong association with concomitant atopic conditions such as asthma, eczema, rhinitis, and food allergies. […] The exact reasons behind the increasing incidence and prevalence are largely unknown and cannot be solely explained by increased disease recognition. There is significant interest in unraveling these changes including epidemiological factors such as early life events, infectious processes, environmental agents, and dietary habits.

• #14

  https://www.asge.org/home/resources/key-resources/blog/view/practical-solutions/2023/10/04/case-13–eosinophilic-esophagitis

  The prevalence of EoE in the U.S. may vary by region (higher prevalence in the Northeast) and by setting (higher prevalence in urban areas compared with rural areas). In Olmsted County, Minnesota, the prevalence was estimated to be 55 per 100,000 in 2006. […] The incidence of EoE is rising in the U.S. A population-based study evaluated the incidence of EoE in Olmsted County, Minnesota, over 30 years. The incidence increased significantly during the last three of the five-year intervals examined, from 0.32 per 100,000 population between 1991 and 1995 to 9.45 per 100,000 between 2001 and 2005. […] EoE is more common in adult males compared with adult females. Symptoms may be present for up to 4.5 years prior to the diagnosis.

• #15 Epidemiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/epidemiology-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis/

  The prevalence of EoE is 0.5 to 1 cases/1000 persons. […] The incidence of EoE is approximately 10 cases/10,000 persons per year. […] Elucidating the reasons for the rapid increase in incidence and prevalence of EoE is an active area of research, and possibilities include changes in food allergens and aeroallergens, other environmental factors, the decrease of Helicobacter pylori, and early life exposures. […] The clear result of these studies is that EoE is rapidly increasing both in incidence and in prevalence. […] Studies are consistent in showing that the incidence of EoE has been increasing rapidly. […] In a report from Hamilton County, Ohio, the incidence of EoE was noted to increase from 9 to 12.8/100,000 over a 3-year period. […] This increasing incidence has also been reflected in temporal trends in the relative prevalence of dysphagia causes, with EoE becoming a more frequent cause of dysphagia over time.

• #16 Increasing Incidence Rates of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Active Component Service Members, U.S. Armed Forces, 2009–2021 | Health.mil

  https://health.mil/News/Articles/2023/05/01/Eosinophilic-Esophagitis

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is characterized by symptoms associated with dysfunction of the esophagus due to chronic mucosal eosinophilia and inflammation. The reported prevalence of EoE has been increasing worldwide, with a recent meta-analysis estimating 34.2 cases per 100,000 persons. Subgroup analysis of North American adults reveals similar rates, at 31.9 cases per 100,000 adults, with individual studies on U.S. adults ranging from 9.45 to 58.9 cases per 100,000. The incidence of EoE has been increasing over the past several decades, and while this phenomenon is at least partially due to increased awareness and interest in the condition, some studies report that the rate of EoE has disproportionately risen with the increased rate of biopsies during the same study periods, suggesting a true increase in EoE.

• #17 Eosinophilic Esophagitis—What Do We Know So Far?

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/6/2259

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease. The literature describes an increasing incidence of EoE in recent decades, consisting of approximately five to ten new cases per 100,000 inhabitants annually for both children and adults. This consequently contributes to the growing prevalence, which was 15.4 per 100,000 inhabitants before 2007 and has already reached 63.2 per 100,000 inhabitants since 2017. Overall, it can be seen that there is an increasing trend of incidence and prevalence. In the Netherlands, the incidence rates rose from 0.01 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 1995 to 3.16 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2019. EoE occurs three times more often in men than in women, but there are no sex differences concerning the severity of the disease. […] Although there are many descriptions of increasing prevalence and incidence in the literature, to the best of our current knowledge there was only one study on mortality in EoE. In a nationwide, population-based matched cohort study in Sweden, there were 1625 patients diagnosed with EoE over 12 years (2005–2017). In the EoE group, there were 4.6 deaths per 1000 person-years, similar to 4.57 deaths per 1000 person-years in population comparators.

• #18 Eosinophilic Esophagitis—What Do We Know So Far?

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/6/2259

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease. The literature describes an increasing incidence of EoE in recent decades, consisting of approximately five to ten new cases per 100,000 inhabitants annually for both children and adults. This consequently contributes to the growing prevalence, which was 15.4 per 100,000 inhabitants before 2007 and has already reached 63.2 per 100,000 inhabitants since 2017. Overall, it can be seen that there is an increasing trend of incidence and prevalence. In the Netherlands, the incidence rates rose from 0.01 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 1995 to 3.16 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2019. EoE occurs three times more often in men than in women, but there are no sex differences concerning the severity of the disease. […] Although there are many descriptions of increasing prevalence and incidence in the literature, to the best of our current knowledge there was only one study on mortality in EoE. In a nationwide, population-based matched cohort study in Sweden, there were 1625 patients diagnosed with EoE over 12 years (2005–2017). In the EoE group, there were 4.6 deaths per 1000 person-years, similar to 4.57 deaths per 1000 person-years in population comparators.

• #19 Eosinophilic esophagitis: current status and future directions | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-020-0770-4

  EoE was considered an uncommon entity but has now emerged as a common cause of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract morbidity in both children and adults. A large meta-analysis estimated incidence and prevalence rates in children of 5.1 cases/100,000 persons/year and 19.1 cases/100,000 persons, respectively. EoE is diagnosed in 26.5% of patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for any indication and this increases to 12-22% if dysphagia is the indication. […] While EoE can affect patients of all age groups, it has bimodal peak with most cases in either pediatric age group or the third decade of life. EoE is more common in Caucasian males and has a strong association with concomitant atopic conditions such as asthma, eczema, rhinitis, and food allergies. […] The exact reasons behind the increasing incidence and prevalence are largely unknown and cannot be solely explained by increased disease recognition. There is significant interest in unraveling these changes including epidemiological factors such as early life events, infectious processes, environmental agents, and dietary habits.

• #20 Eosinophilic Esophagitis—What Do We Know So Far?

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/6/2259

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease. The literature describes an increasing incidence of EoE in recent decades, consisting of approximately five to ten new cases per 100,000 inhabitants annually for both children and adults. This consequently contributes to the growing prevalence, which was 15.4 per 100,000 inhabitants before 2007 and has already reached 63.2 per 100,000 inhabitants since 2017. Overall, it can be seen that there is an increasing trend of incidence and prevalence. In the Netherlands, the incidence rates rose from 0.01 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 1995 to 3.16 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2019. EoE occurs three times more often in men than in women, but there are no sex differences concerning the severity of the disease. […] Although there are many descriptions of increasing prevalence and incidence in the literature, to the best of our current knowledge there was only one study on mortality in EoE. In a nationwide, population-based matched cohort study in Sweden, there were 1625 patients diagnosed with EoE over 12 years (2005–2017). In the EoE group, there were 4.6 deaths per 1000 person-years, similar to 4.57 deaths per 1000 person-years in population comparators.

• #21 Epidemiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/epidemiology-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis/

  In this article, the epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is reviewed. Demographic features and natural history are described, the prevalence and incidence of EoE are highlighted, and risk factors for EoE are discussed. EoE can occur at any age, there is a male predominance, it is more common in whites, and there is a strong association with atopic diseases. […] The prevalence is currently estimated at 0.51 in 1000, and EoE is now the most common cause of food impaction. The incidence of EoE is approximately 1/10,000 new cases per year, and the increase in incidence is outpacing increases in recognition and endoscopy volume, but the reasons for this evolving epidemiology are not yet fully delineated. […] Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) affects patients of all ages, is more commonly seen in males, and whites, and is strongly associated with atopy.

• #22 Epidemiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/epidemiology-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis/

  In this article, the epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is reviewed. Demographic features and natural history are described, the prevalence and incidence of EoE are highlighted, and risk factors for EoE are discussed. EoE can occur at any age, there is a male predominance, it is more common in whites, and there is a strong association with atopic diseases. […] The prevalence is currently estimated at 0.51 in 1000, and EoE is now the most common cause of food impaction. The incidence of EoE is approximately 1/10,000 new cases per year, and the increase in incidence is outpacing increases in recognition and endoscopy volume, but the reasons for this evolving epidemiology are not yet fully delineated. […] Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) affects patients of all ages, is more commonly seen in males, and whites, and is strongly associated with atopy.

• #23 Eosinophilic esophagitis: current status and future directions | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-020-0770-4

  EoE was considered an uncommon entity but has now emerged as a common cause of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract morbidity in both children and adults. A large meta-analysis estimated incidence and prevalence rates in children of 5.1 cases/100,000 persons/year and 19.1 cases/100,000 persons, respectively. EoE is diagnosed in 26.5% of patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for any indication and this increases to 12-22% if dysphagia is the indication. […] While EoE can affect patients of all age groups, it has bimodal peak with most cases in either pediatric age group or the third decade of life. EoE is more common in Caucasian males and has a strong association with concomitant atopic conditions such as asthma, eczema, rhinitis, and food allergies. […] The exact reasons behind the increasing incidence and prevalence are largely unknown and cannot be solely explained by increased disease recognition. There is significant interest in unraveling these changes including epidemiological factors such as early life events, infectious processes, environmental agents, and dietary habits.

• #24 Eosinophilic Esophagitis Epidemiology Forecast to 2030 – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210428005493/en/Eosinophilic-Esophagitis-Epidemiology-Forecast-to-2030—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  The report includes the prevalent scenario of EoE in the 7MM covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan from 2018 to 2030. […] The epidemiology segment also provides the EoE epidemiology data and findings across the United States, EU5 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan. […] The total diagnosed prevalent population of EoE in the 7MM countries was estimated to be 547,924 cases in 2020. […] As per the estimates, the United States had the highest prevalent population of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in 2020. […] Among the EU5 countries, Germany had the highest prevalent population of EoE with 39,531 cases, followed by the France in 2020. […] The report provides insight into the historical and forecasted patient pool of EoE in seven major markets covering the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, France, Italy, UK), and Japan.

• #25

  https://www.manilatimes.net/2025/05/08/tmt-newswire/globenewswire/eupraxia-pharmaceuticals-to-host-virtual-kol-event-to-discuss-the-phase-1b2a-resolve-study-of-ep-104gi-for-the-treatment-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis-eoe-on-may-9-2025/2108259

  Evan S. Dellon, MD, MPH, is a Professor of Medicine and Adjunct Professor of Epidemiology at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine in Chapel Hill. […] Dr. Dellon’s main research interest is in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and the eosinophilic GI diseases (EGIDs). […] According to market research from Clearview Healthcare Partners, EoE affects more than 450,000 people in the United States and has been identified by the American Gastroenterological Association as rapidly increasing in both incidence and prevalence.

• #26 Esophagitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/174223-overview

  A review of the Swedish National Register estimated the prevalence of esophagitis (diagnosed by endoscopy) to be less than 5% in the 55-year-old group. Other reports have estimated the prevalence to be on the order of 2%. […] The prevalence of symptomatic infectious esophagitis is high in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), leukemia, and lymphoma and is low ( 5%) in the general medical population. […] Candida esophagitis is the most common type of infectious esophagitis. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I is the second most common cause of infectious esophagitis. Although obtaining accurate figures regarding the prevalence of herpes esophagitis is difficult, this infection has been reported in approximately 1% of patients who are immunocompromised and in as many as 43% of patients at autopsy.

• #27 Esophagitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/174223-overview

  A review of the Swedish National Register estimated the prevalence of esophagitis (diagnosed by endoscopy) to be less than 5% in the 55-year-old group. Other reports have estimated the prevalence to be on the order of 2%. […] The prevalence of symptomatic infectious esophagitis is high in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), leukemia, and lymphoma and is low ( 5%) in the general medical population. […] Candida esophagitis is the most common type of infectious esophagitis. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I is the second most common cause of infectious esophagitis. Although obtaining accurate figures regarding the prevalence of herpes esophagitis is difficult, this infection has been reported in approximately 1% of patients who are immunocompromised and in as many as 43% of patients at autopsy.

• #28 Esophagitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/174223-overview

  A review of the Swedish National Register estimated the prevalence of esophagitis (diagnosed by endoscopy) to be less than 5% in the 55-year-old group. Other reports have estimated the prevalence to be on the order of 2%. […] The prevalence of symptomatic infectious esophagitis is high in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), leukemia, and lymphoma and is low ( 5%) in the general medical population. […] Candida esophagitis is the most common type of infectious esophagitis. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I is the second most common cause of infectious esophagitis. Although obtaining accurate figures regarding the prevalence of herpes esophagitis is difficult, this infection has been reported in approximately 1% of patients who are immunocompromised and in as many as 43% of patients at autopsy.

• #29 Esophagitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/174223-overview

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a recognized cause of esophagitis. Asymptomatic CMV infection is common worldwide, and a large percentage of the worlds population has been exposed to CMV. Before the AIDS epidemic, CMV infections of the esophagus were primarily found on postmortem examinations. The first clinical case of CMV esophagitis was not reported until 1985. […] Unlike herpes esophagitis, CMV esophagitis almost never occurs in immunocompetent patients, and the vast majority of affected individuals are found to have AIDS. The incidence of CMV esophagitislike that of other forms of infectious esophagitishas declined among AIDS patients since the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy. However, CMV esophagitis has increased among patients with solid organ transplants, in whom delayed-onset disease is typical because of the increasing routine use of early CMV prophylaxis.

• #30 Esophagitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/174223-overview

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a recognized cause of esophagitis. Asymptomatic CMV infection is common worldwide, and a large percentage of the worlds population has been exposed to CMV. Before the AIDS epidemic, CMV infections of the esophagus were primarily found on postmortem examinations. The first clinical case of CMV esophagitis was not reported until 1985. […] Unlike herpes esophagitis, CMV esophagitis almost never occurs in immunocompetent patients, and the vast majority of affected individuals are found to have AIDS. The incidence of CMV esophagitislike that of other forms of infectious esophagitishas declined among AIDS patients since the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy. However, CMV esophagitis has increased among patients with solid organ transplants, in whom delayed-onset disease is typical because of the increasing routine use of early CMV prophylaxis.

• #31 Reflux Esophagitis Pathology: Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610393-overview

  GERD is prevalent worldwide. In the United States, studies have shown that approximately 18.1-27.8% of the population experiences GERD symptoms, which is consistent with other Western countries. […] Globally, the prevalence of GERD varies significantly, ranging from 2.5% to 7.8% in East Asia, 8.8% to 25.9% in Europe, and 8.7% to 33.1% in the Middle East. […] The global age-standardized prevalence rate of GERD has remained relatively stable, with an estimated 9574.45 per 100,000 population in 2019. […] Racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of reflux esophagitis are also well reported in the literature. Studies from the United States and Europe show that White individuals have a higher prevalence of severe grades of esophagitis and Barrett’s esophagus (a complication of GERD) relative to Hispanics, Blacks, and Asians.

• #32 Reflux Esophagitis Pathology: Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610393-overview

  A Swedish population-based, cross-sectional study compared the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms among English and Swedish populations and reported a higher prevalence of reflux symptoms occurring at least twice weekly in English populations compared with Swedish populations. […] With regard to sex-related differences, some studies report no sex predilection. […] Other studies indicate that males are more likely to develop severe forms of esophagitis and complications such as Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Conversely, females are more frequently affected by nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) and symptomatic GERD. The prevalence of reflux esophagitis increases with age, particularly in females after their 50s. […] As noted in adults, there is an increasing trend of GERD in the pediatric population too. Nelson et al reported an increased incidence of GERD that ranged from 12% to 50% in children aged 0-18 years between 2000 and 2005.

• #33 Reflux Esophagitis Pathology: Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610393-overview

  A Swedish population-based, cross-sectional study compared the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms among English and Swedish populations and reported a higher prevalence of reflux symptoms occurring at least twice weekly in English populations compared with Swedish populations. […] With regard to sex-related differences, some studies report no sex predilection. […] Other studies indicate that males are more likely to develop severe forms of esophagitis and complications such as Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Conversely, females are more frequently affected by nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) and symptomatic GERD. The prevalence of reflux esophagitis increases with age, particularly in females after their 50s. […] As noted in adults, there is an increasing trend of GERD in the pediatric population too. Nelson et al reported an increased incidence of GERD that ranged from 12% to 50% in children aged 0-18 years between 2000 and 2005.

• #34 Reflux Esophagitis Pathology: Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610393-overview

  A Swedish population-based, cross-sectional study compared the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms among English and Swedish populations and reported a higher prevalence of reflux symptoms occurring at least twice weekly in English populations compared with Swedish populations. […] With regard to sex-related differences, some studies report no sex predilection. […] Other studies indicate that males are more likely to develop severe forms of esophagitis and complications such as Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Conversely, females are more frequently affected by nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) and symptomatic GERD. The prevalence of reflux esophagitis increases with age, particularly in females after their 50s. […] As noted in adults, there is an increasing trend of GERD in the pediatric population too. Nelson et al reported an increased incidence of GERD that ranged from 12% to 50% in children aged 0-18 years between 2000 and 2005.

• #35 Reflux Esophagitis Pathology: Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610393-overview

  A Swedish population-based, cross-sectional study compared the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms among English and Swedish populations and reported a higher prevalence of reflux symptoms occurring at least twice weekly in English populations compared with Swedish populations. […] With regard to sex-related differences, some studies report no sex predilection. […] Other studies indicate that males are more likely to develop severe forms of esophagitis and complications such as Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Conversely, females are more frequently affected by nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) and symptomatic GERD. The prevalence of reflux esophagitis increases with age, particularly in females after their 50s. […] As noted in adults, there is an increasing trend of GERD in the pediatric population too. Nelson et al reported an increased incidence of GERD that ranged from 12% to 50% in children aged 0-18 years between 2000 and 2005.

• #36 Reflux Esophagitis Pathology: Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610393-overview

  Interestingly, a study out of Taiwan by Chen et al showed seasonal variation in the incidence of GERD. […] Investigators evaluated a total of 76,636 ambulatory care visits for the treatment of GERD between 2001 and 2006 and reported that the incidence of GERD increased in autumn and winter for each sex, age group, as well as combined groups.

• #37 Reflux Esophagitis Pathology: Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610393-overview

  Interestingly, a study out of Taiwan by Chen et al showed seasonal variation in the incidence of GERD. […] Investigators evaluated a total of 76,636 ambulatory care visits for the treatment of GERD between 2001 and 2006 and reported that the incidence of GERD increased in autumn and winter for each sex, age group, as well as combined groups.

• #38

  https://journals.lww.com/ajg/fulltext/2015/10001/endoscopic_surveillance_for_reflux_esophagitis__is.2261.aspx

  Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a serious disease with complications such as severe esophagitis, peptic strictures, barrett’s esophagus, and esophageal carcinoma. The American College of Gastroenterology recommends a repeat endoscopy after 8 weeks for those patients with LA Grades C and D esophagitis. […] We assessed the compliance with practice guidelines by endoscopists for repeat upper endoscopy in cases of esophagitis and their endoscopic findings of repeat EGD. […] A total of 361 charts met our inclusion criteria with mean age of 51 15.3 years with 60% males and 86% Caucasians. […] We found that 139 of 361 cases (38.5%, 95% CI: 33.5-43.7) were recommended to repeat the upper endoscopy between 7-9 weeks. […] A discrepancy in compliance of recommendations for repeat EGD in cases of severe esophagitis was apparent.

• #39

  https://journals.lww.com/ajg/fulltext/2015/10001/endoscopic_surveillance_for_reflux_esophagitis__is.2261.aspx

  Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a serious disease with complications such as severe esophagitis, peptic strictures, barrett’s esophagus, and esophageal carcinoma. The American College of Gastroenterology recommends a repeat endoscopy after 8 weeks for those patients with LA Grades C and D esophagitis. […] We assessed the compliance with practice guidelines by endoscopists for repeat upper endoscopy in cases of esophagitis and their endoscopic findings of repeat EGD. […] A total of 361 charts met our inclusion criteria with mean age of 51 15.3 years with 60% males and 86% Caucasians. […] We found that 139 of 361 cases (38.5%, 95% CI: 33.5-43.7) were recommended to repeat the upper endoscopy between 7-9 weeks. […] A discrepancy in compliance of recommendations for repeat EGD in cases of severe esophagitis was apparent.

• #40

  https://journals.lww.com/ajg/fulltext/2015/10001/endoscopic_surveillance_for_reflux_esophagitis__is.2261.aspx

  Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a serious disease with complications such as severe esophagitis, peptic strictures, barrett’s esophagus, and esophageal carcinoma. The American College of Gastroenterology recommends a repeat endoscopy after 8 weeks for those patients with LA Grades C and D esophagitis. […] We assessed the compliance with practice guidelines by endoscopists for repeat upper endoscopy in cases of esophagitis and their endoscopic findings of repeat EGD. […] A total of 361 charts met our inclusion criteria with mean age of 51 15.3 years with 60% males and 86% Caucasians. […] We found that 139 of 361 cases (38.5%, 95% CI: 33.5-43.7) were recommended to repeat the upper endoscopy between 7-9 weeks. […] A discrepancy in compliance of recommendations for repeat EGD in cases of severe esophagitis was apparent.

• #41

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11938-023-00428-y

  Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy represents a cornerstone not only in the diagnosis of EoE, but also in the follow-up. […] Endoscopy plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of EoE. […] The assessment of endoscopic activity by the EREFS score has been widely used in randomized placebo-controlled trials for EoE, increasingly using blinded central readers in contrast to the local endoscopist. […] Endoscopic surveillance for esophageal neoplasia is not recommended by guidelines in patients with EoE. […] Evidence from a large cross-sectional population-based study showed no association between esophageal cancer and EoE. […] Despite the need for larger prospective long-term studies, there is currently no evidence that EoE may represent an esophageal pre-malignant condition, and routine surveillance endoscopies for that purpose are not recommended.

• #42

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11938-023-00428-y

  Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy represents a cornerstone not only in the diagnosis of EoE, but also in the follow-up. […] Endoscopy plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of EoE. […] The assessment of endoscopic activity by the EREFS score has been widely used in randomized placebo-controlled trials for EoE, increasingly using blinded central readers in contrast to the local endoscopist. […] Endoscopic surveillance for esophageal neoplasia is not recommended by guidelines in patients with EoE. […] Evidence from a large cross-sectional population-based study showed no association between esophageal cancer and EoE. […] Despite the need for larger prospective long-term studies, there is currently no evidence that EoE may represent an esophageal pre-malignant condition, and routine surveillance endoscopies for that purpose are not recommended.

• #43 Eosinophilic oesophagitis – A guide for primary care

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/october/eosinophilic-oesophagitis-a-guide-for-primary-care

  The prevalence of EoE in Australia is estimated to be 1 in 100 adults and 1 in 10,000 children. Its prevalence appears to be rising, and studies have shown that detection is growing at rates not accounted for by improved awareness alone. The hygiene hypothesis has been suggested as a cause. Most patients will have a history of other atopic conditions (eg asthma, allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis). EoE is more common in males, and usually presents in those aged 40 years and younger. Family history is evident in only 7% of cases. […] The correlation between symptoms and the histological severity of EoE is weak, so periodic surveillance endoscopic examination is probably warranted. An upper GI endoscopy every three years seems reasonable for asymptomatic patients or those who require short courses of topical steroids to ensure adequate disease control on histology. Therapy can be adjusted accordingly if biopsies reveal ongoing subclinical disease. Endoscopy should be repeated early in patients whose symptoms change or worsen.

• #44 Eosinophilic oesophagitis – A guide for primary care

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/october/eosinophilic-oesophagitis-a-guide-for-primary-care

  The prevalence of EoE in Australia is estimated to be 1 in 100 adults and 1 in 10,000 children. Its prevalence appears to be rising, and studies have shown that detection is growing at rates not accounted for by improved awareness alone. The hygiene hypothesis has been suggested as a cause. Most patients will have a history of other atopic conditions (eg asthma, allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis). EoE is more common in males, and usually presents in those aged 40 years and younger. Family history is evident in only 7% of cases. […] The correlation between symptoms and the histological severity of EoE is weak, so periodic surveillance endoscopic examination is probably warranted. An upper GI endoscopy every three years seems reasonable for asymptomatic patients or those who require short courses of topical steroids to ensure adequate disease control on histology. Therapy can be adjusted accordingly if biopsies reveal ongoing subclinical disease. Endoscopy should be repeated early in patients whose symptoms change or worsen.

• #45 Eosinophilic oesophagitis – A guide for primary care

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/october/eosinophilic-oesophagitis-a-guide-for-primary-care

  The prevalence of EoE in Australia is estimated to be 1 in 100 adults and 1 in 10,000 children. Its prevalence appears to be rising, and studies have shown that detection is growing at rates not accounted for by improved awareness alone. The hygiene hypothesis has been suggested as a cause. Most patients will have a history of other atopic conditions (eg asthma, allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis). EoE is more common in males, and usually presents in those aged 40 years and younger. Family history is evident in only 7% of cases. […] The correlation between symptoms and the histological severity of EoE is weak, so periodic surveillance endoscopic examination is probably warranted. An upper GI endoscopy every three years seems reasonable for asymptomatic patients or those who require short courses of topical steroids to ensure adequate disease control on histology. Therapy can be adjusted accordingly if biopsies reveal ongoing subclinical disease. Endoscopy should be repeated early in patients whose symptoms change or worsen.

• #46

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11938-023-00428-y

  Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy represents a cornerstone not only in the diagnosis of EoE, but also in the follow-up. […] Endoscopy plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of EoE. […] The assessment of endoscopic activity by the EREFS score has been widely used in randomized placebo-controlled trials for EoE, increasingly using blinded central readers in contrast to the local endoscopist. […] Endoscopic surveillance for esophageal neoplasia is not recommended by guidelines in patients with EoE. […] Evidence from a large cross-sectional population-based study showed no association between esophageal cancer and EoE. […] Despite the need for larger prospective long-term studies, there is currently no evidence that EoE may represent an esophageal pre-malignant condition, and routine surveillance endoscopies for that purpose are not recommended.

• #47

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11938-023-00428-y

  Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy represents a cornerstone not only in the diagnosis of EoE, but also in the follow-up. […] Endoscopy plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of EoE. […] The assessment of endoscopic activity by the EREFS score has been widely used in randomized placebo-controlled trials for EoE, increasingly using blinded central readers in contrast to the local endoscopist. […] Endoscopic surveillance for esophageal neoplasia is not recommended by guidelines in patients with EoE. […] Evidence from a large cross-sectional population-based study showed no association between esophageal cancer and EoE. […] Despite the need for larger prospective long-term studies, there is currently no evidence that EoE may represent an esophageal pre-malignant condition, and routine surveillance endoscopies for that purpose are not recommended.

• #48

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11938-023-00428-y

  Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy represents a cornerstone not only in the diagnosis of EoE, but also in the follow-up. […] Endoscopy plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of EoE. […] The assessment of endoscopic activity by the EREFS score has been widely used in randomized placebo-controlled trials for EoE, increasingly using blinded central readers in contrast to the local endoscopist. […] Endoscopic surveillance for esophageal neoplasia is not recommended by guidelines in patients with EoE. […] Evidence from a large cross-sectional population-based study showed no association between esophageal cancer and EoE. […] Despite the need for larger prospective long-term studies, there is currently no evidence that EoE may represent an esophageal pre-malignant condition, and routine surveillance endoscopies for that purpose are not recommended.

• #49 Retention Esophagitis in Patients with Achalasia Requires Cancer Surveillance

  https://www.e-ce.org/journal/view.php?number=7082

  Achalasia is an uncommon esophageal motility disorder with an estimated incidence of 1.6/100,000 and prevalence of 10.8/100,000 according to a population-based study. […] Patients with achalasia have a higher risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] The reported incidence of concomitant esophageal cancer and achalasia has varied widely, with an estimated risk 14.5- to 33-fold higher than that in the general population. […] A large-scale, long-term prospective study showed that the relative hazard ratio of esophageal cancer was 28 in patients with achalasia compared to that in controls. […] Despite these risks, the role of cancer surveillance in patients with achalasia remains unclear. […] The current American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) practice guidelines do not recommend routine endoscopic surveillance in patients with achalasia.

• #50 Retention Esophagitis in Patients with Achalasia Requires Cancer Surveillance

  https://www.e-ce.org/journal/view.php?number=7082

  Achalasia is an uncommon esophageal motility disorder with an estimated incidence of 1.6/100,000 and prevalence of 10.8/100,000 according to a population-based study. […] Patients with achalasia have a higher risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] The reported incidence of concomitant esophageal cancer and achalasia has varied widely, with an estimated risk 14.5- to 33-fold higher than that in the general population. […] A large-scale, long-term prospective study showed that the relative hazard ratio of esophageal cancer was 28 in patients with achalasia compared to that in controls. […] Despite these risks, the role of cancer surveillance in patients with achalasia remains unclear. […] The current American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) practice guidelines do not recommend routine endoscopic surveillance in patients with achalasia.

• #51 Retention Esophagitis in Patients with Achalasia Requires Cancer Surveillance

  https://www.e-ce.org/journal/view.php?number=7082

  Achalasia is an uncommon esophageal motility disorder with an estimated incidence of 1.6/100,000 and prevalence of 10.8/100,000 according to a population-based study. […] Patients with achalasia have a higher risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] The reported incidence of concomitant esophageal cancer and achalasia has varied widely, with an estimated risk 14.5- to 33-fold higher than that in the general population. […] A large-scale, long-term prospective study showed that the relative hazard ratio of esophageal cancer was 28 in patients with achalasia compared to that in controls. […] Despite these risks, the role of cancer surveillance in patients with achalasia remains unclear. […] The current American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) practice guidelines do not recommend routine endoscopic surveillance in patients with achalasia.

• #52 Retention Esophagitis in Patients with Achalasia Requires Cancer Surveillance

  https://www.e-ce.org/journal/view.php?number=7082

  Achalasia is an uncommon esophageal motility disorder with an estimated incidence of 1.6/100,000 and prevalence of 10.8/100,000 according to a population-based study. […] Patients with achalasia have a higher risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] The reported incidence of concomitant esophageal cancer and achalasia has varied widely, with an estimated risk 14.5- to 33-fold higher than that in the general population. […] A large-scale, long-term prospective study showed that the relative hazard ratio of esophageal cancer was 28 in patients with achalasia compared to that in controls. […] Despite these risks, the role of cancer surveillance in patients with achalasia remains unclear. […] The current American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) practice guidelines do not recommend routine endoscopic surveillance in patients with achalasia.

• #53 Retention Esophagitis in Patients with Achalasia Requires Cancer Surveillance

  https://www.e-ce.org/journal/view.php?number=7082

  Achalasia is an uncommon esophageal motility disorder with an estimated incidence of 1.6/100,000 and prevalence of 10.8/100,000 according to a population-based study. […] Patients with achalasia have a higher risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] The reported incidence of concomitant esophageal cancer and achalasia has varied widely, with an estimated risk 14.5- to 33-fold higher than that in the general population. […] A large-scale, long-term prospective study showed that the relative hazard ratio of esophageal cancer was 28 in patients with achalasia compared to that in controls. […] Despite these risks, the role of cancer surveillance in patients with achalasia remains unclear. […] The current American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) practice guidelines do not recommend routine endoscopic surveillance in patients with achalasia.

• #54 Retention Esophagitis in Patients with Achalasia Requires Cancer Surveillance

  https://www.e-ce.org/journal/view.php?number=7082

  Per ACG guidelines, surveillance beyond early detection of cancer such as the detection of late complications of achalasia has potential advantages, but more evidence is needed to determine whether the advantages of surveillance practices outweigh the costs. […] Some have advocated periodic endoscopic surveillance after 15-20 years of symptoms, as esophageal cancer tends to occur no sooner than 20 years after achalasia symptom onset or in those with end-stage disease. […] However, the optimal surveillance interval has not yet been determined. […] Therefore, it is important to identify patients at risk who can benefit from the surveillance strategy. […] Patients with achalasia and retention esophagitis may be suitable candidates for surveillance endoscopy. […] Further studies related to the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer in patients with achalasia and the development of effective modalities for surveillance may help in establishing clinical practice guidelines.

• #55 Retention Esophagitis in Patients with Achalasia Requires Cancer Surveillance

  https://www.e-ce.org/journal/view.php?number=7082

  Per ACG guidelines, surveillance beyond early detection of cancer such as the detection of late complications of achalasia has potential advantages, but more evidence is needed to determine whether the advantages of surveillance practices outweigh the costs. […] Some have advocated periodic endoscopic surveillance after 15-20 years of symptoms, as esophageal cancer tends to occur no sooner than 20 years after achalasia symptom onset or in those with end-stage disease. […] However, the optimal surveillance interval has not yet been determined. […] Therefore, it is important to identify patients at risk who can benefit from the surveillance strategy. […] Patients with achalasia and retention esophagitis may be suitable candidates for surveillance endoscopy. […] Further studies related to the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer in patients with achalasia and the development of effective modalities for surveillance may help in establishing clinical practice guidelines.

• #56 Retention Esophagitis in Patients with Achalasia Requires Cancer Surveillance

  https://www.e-ce.org/journal/view.php?number=7082

  Per ACG guidelines, surveillance beyond early detection of cancer such as the detection of late complications of achalasia has potential advantages, but more evidence is needed to determine whether the advantages of surveillance practices outweigh the costs. […] Some have advocated periodic endoscopic surveillance after 15-20 years of symptoms, as esophageal cancer tends to occur no sooner than 20 years after achalasia symptom onset or in those with end-stage disease. […] However, the optimal surveillance interval has not yet been determined. […] Therefore, it is important to identify patients at risk who can benefit from the surveillance strategy. […] Patients with achalasia and retention esophagitis may be suitable candidates for surveillance endoscopy. […] Further studies related to the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer in patients with achalasia and the development of effective modalities for surveillance may help in establishing clinical practice guidelines.

• #57 Retention Esophagitis in Patients with Achalasia Requires Cancer Surveillance

  https://www.e-ce.org/journal/view.php?number=7082

  Per ACG guidelines, surveillance beyond early detection of cancer such as the detection of late complications of achalasia has potential advantages, but more evidence is needed to determine whether the advantages of surveillance practices outweigh the costs. […] Some have advocated periodic endoscopic surveillance after 15-20 years of symptoms, as esophageal cancer tends to occur no sooner than 20 years after achalasia symptom onset or in those with end-stage disease. […] However, the optimal surveillance interval has not yet been determined. […] Therefore, it is important to identify patients at risk who can benefit from the surveillance strategy. […] Patients with achalasia and retention esophagitis may be suitable candidates for surveillance endoscopy. […] Further studies related to the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer in patients with achalasia and the development of effective modalities for surveillance may help in establishing clinical practice guidelines.

• #58 Retention Esophagitis in Patients with Achalasia Requires Cancer Surveillance

  https://www.e-ce.org/journal/view.php?number=7082

  Per ACG guidelines, surveillance beyond early detection of cancer such as the detection of late complications of achalasia has potential advantages, but more evidence is needed to determine whether the advantages of surveillance practices outweigh the costs. […] Some have advocated periodic endoscopic surveillance after 15-20 years of symptoms, as esophageal cancer tends to occur no sooner than 20 years after achalasia symptom onset or in those with end-stage disease. […] However, the optimal surveillance interval has not yet been determined. […] Therefore, it is important to identify patients at risk who can benefit from the surveillance strategy. […] Patients with achalasia and retention esophagitis may be suitable candidates for surveillance endoscopy. […] Further studies related to the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer in patients with achalasia and the development of effective modalities for surveillance may help in establishing clinical practice guidelines.

• #59 Updated EGD Quality Indicators Released

  https://www.gastroendonews.com/Endoscopy-Suite/Article/04-25/Updated-EGD-Quality-Indicators-Released/76762

  In addition to photodocumentation, the priority indicators include recommendations specific to common conditions, including erosive esophagitis, Barretts esophagus, peptic ulcer disease, upper GI bleeding and gastric premalignant conditions. […] In particular, Dr. Yadlapati said, there is a focus on high-quality screening and surveillance of pre-neoplastic conditions, including inspection with white light and chromoendoscopy, adherence to specific biopsy protocols, and emphasis on designating appropriate surveillance intervals. […] For patients with gastric premalignant conditions, it is imperative to risk-stratify in order to guide the need for and timing of surveillance endoscopy, as well as to biopsy thoroughly, as these are associated with gastric cancer.

• #60 Updated EGD Quality Indicators Released

  https://www.gastroendonews.com/Endoscopy-Suite/Article/04-25/Updated-EGD-Quality-Indicators-Released/76762

  In addition to photodocumentation, the priority indicators include recommendations specific to common conditions, including erosive esophagitis, Barretts esophagus, peptic ulcer disease, upper GI bleeding and gastric premalignant conditions. […] In particular, Dr. Yadlapati said, there is a focus on high-quality screening and surveillance of pre-neoplastic conditions, including inspection with white light and chromoendoscopy, adherence to specific biopsy protocols, and emphasis on designating appropriate surveillance intervals. […] For patients with gastric premalignant conditions, it is imperative to risk-stratify in order to guide the need for and timing of surveillance endoscopy, as well as to biopsy thoroughly, as these are associated with gastric cancer.

• #61 Updated EGD Quality Indicators Released

  https://www.gastroendonews.com/Endoscopy-Suite/Article/04-25/Updated-EGD-Quality-Indicators-Released/76762

  In addition to photodocumentation, the priority indicators include recommendations specific to common conditions, including erosive esophagitis, Barretts esophagus, peptic ulcer disease, upper GI bleeding and gastric premalignant conditions. […] In particular, Dr. Yadlapati said, there is a focus on high-quality screening and surveillance of pre-neoplastic conditions, including inspection with white light and chromoendoscopy, adherence to specific biopsy protocols, and emphasis on designating appropriate surveillance intervals. […] For patients with gastric premalignant conditions, it is imperative to risk-stratify in order to guide the need for and timing of surveillance endoscopy, as well as to biopsy thoroughly, as these are associated with gastric cancer.

• #62 Reflux Esophagitis Pathology: Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610393-overview

  GERD is prevalent worldwide. In the United States, studies have shown that approximately 18.1-27.8% of the population experiences GERD symptoms, which is consistent with other Western countries. […] Globally, the prevalence of GERD varies significantly, ranging from 2.5% to 7.8% in East Asia, 8.8% to 25.9% in Europe, and 8.7% to 33.1% in the Middle East. […] The global age-standardized prevalence rate of GERD has remained relatively stable, with an estimated 9574.45 per 100,000 population in 2019. […] Racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of reflux esophagitis are also well reported in the literature. Studies from the United States and Europe show that White individuals have a higher prevalence of severe grades of esophagitis and Barrett’s esophagus (a complication of GERD) relative to Hispanics, Blacks, and Asians.

• #63 Reflux Esophagitis Pathology: Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610393-overview

  GERD is prevalent worldwide. In the United States, studies have shown that approximately 18.1-27.8% of the population experiences GERD symptoms, which is consistent with other Western countries. […] Globally, the prevalence of GERD varies significantly, ranging from 2.5% to 7.8% in East Asia, 8.8% to 25.9% in Europe, and 8.7% to 33.1% in the Middle East. […] The global age-standardized prevalence rate of GERD has remained relatively stable, with an estimated 9574.45 per 100,000 population in 2019. […] Racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of reflux esophagitis are also well reported in the literature. Studies from the United States and Europe show that White individuals have a higher prevalence of severe grades of esophagitis and Barrett’s esophagus (a complication of GERD) relative to Hispanics, Blacks, and Asians.

• #64 Reflux Esophagitis Pathology: Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610393-overview

  GERD is prevalent worldwide. In the United States, studies have shown that approximately 18.1-27.8% of the population experiences GERD symptoms, which is consistent with other Western countries. […] Globally, the prevalence of GERD varies significantly, ranging from 2.5% to 7.8% in East Asia, 8.8% to 25.9% in Europe, and 8.7% to 33.1% in the Middle East. […] The global age-standardized prevalence rate of GERD has remained relatively stable, with an estimated 9574.45 per 100,000 population in 2019. […] Racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of reflux esophagitis are also well reported in the literature. Studies from the United States and Europe show that White individuals have a higher prevalence of severe grades of esophagitis and Barrett’s esophagus (a complication of GERD) relative to Hispanics, Blacks, and Asians.

• #65 Reflux Esophagitis Pathology: Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610393-overview

  A Swedish population-based, cross-sectional study compared the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms among English and Swedish populations and reported a higher prevalence of reflux symptoms occurring at least twice weekly in English populations compared with Swedish populations. […] With regard to sex-related differences, some studies report no sex predilection. […] Other studies indicate that males are more likely to develop severe forms of esophagitis and complications such as Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Conversely, females are more frequently affected by nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) and symptomatic GERD. The prevalence of reflux esophagitis increases with age, particularly in females after their 50s. […] As noted in adults, there is an increasing trend of GERD in the pediatric population too. Nelson et al reported an increased incidence of GERD that ranged from 12% to 50% in children aged 0-18 years between 2000 and 2005.

• #66 Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis-eoe

  EoE has been reported in several countries in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. A study of a pathology database from the United States found that the disease has been detected in most states that reported data. […] The results of one survey suggested there may be regional variation, with a higher prevalence in northeastern states and lower prevalence in western states. […] The diagnosis also appeared to be more common in urban as opposed to rural settings. In contrast, another study that evaluated a national pathology database, revealed the opposite patterns with an increased odds of EoE in the west and in rural settings. […] Prevalence within the United States may also differ between climate zones with a higher prevalence in cold and arid zones as compared with the tropical zones. […] Seasonal exacerbations of symptoms that have been described suggested a possible role of aeroallergens.

• #67 Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis-eoe

  EoE has been reported in several countries in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. A study of a pathology database from the United States found that the disease has been detected in most states that reported data. […] The results of one survey suggested there may be regional variation, with a higher prevalence in northeastern states and lower prevalence in western states. […] The diagnosis also appeared to be more common in urban as opposed to rural settings. In contrast, another study that evaluated a national pathology database, revealed the opposite patterns with an increased odds of EoE in the west and in rural settings. […] Prevalence within the United States may also differ between climate zones with a higher prevalence in cold and arid zones as compared with the tropical zones. […] Seasonal exacerbations of symptoms that have been described suggested a possible role of aeroallergens.

• #68 Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis-eoe

  EoE has been reported in several countries in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. A study of a pathology database from the United States found that the disease has been detected in most states that reported data. […] The results of one survey suggested there may be regional variation, with a higher prevalence in northeastern states and lower prevalence in western states. […] The diagnosis also appeared to be more common in urban as opposed to rural settings. In contrast, another study that evaluated a national pathology database, revealed the opposite patterns with an increased odds of EoE in the west and in rural settings. […] Prevalence within the United States may also differ between climate zones with a higher prevalence in cold and arid zones as compared with the tropical zones. […] Seasonal exacerbations of symptoms that have been described suggested a possible role of aeroallergens.

• #69 Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis-eoe

  EoE has been reported in several countries in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. A study of a pathology database from the United States found that the disease has been detected in most states that reported data. […] The results of one survey suggested there may be regional variation, with a higher prevalence in northeastern states and lower prevalence in western states. […] The diagnosis also appeared to be more common in urban as opposed to rural settings. In contrast, another study that evaluated a national pathology database, revealed the opposite patterns with an increased odds of EoE in the west and in rural settings. […] Prevalence within the United States may also differ between climate zones with a higher prevalence in cold and arid zones as compared with the tropical zones. […] Seasonal exacerbations of symptoms that have been described suggested a possible role of aeroallergens.

• #70 Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis-eoe

  EoE has been reported in several countries in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. A study of a pathology database from the United States found that the disease has been detected in most states that reported data. […] The results of one survey suggested there may be regional variation, with a higher prevalence in northeastern states and lower prevalence in western states. […] The diagnosis also appeared to be more common in urban as opposed to rural settings. In contrast, another study that evaluated a national pathology database, revealed the opposite patterns with an increased odds of EoE in the west and in rural settings. […] Prevalence within the United States may also differ between climate zones with a higher prevalence in cold and arid zones as compared with the tropical zones. […] Seasonal exacerbations of symptoms that have been described suggested a possible role of aeroallergens.

• #71 Role of endoscopy in eosinophilic esophagitis

  https://www.e-ce.org/journal/view.php?number=7903

  EoE has an increasing incidence and prevalence trend in Western countries. […] Although its prevalence and incidence in Asian countries remain poorly defined, several reports have been published in Korea. […] According to one study, a total of 25,271 endoscopic esophageal biopsies were performed at a tertiary care center, of which 72 demonstrated EoE after pathological and clinical review of each case. […] Although the number of esophageal biopsies appears to have increased only slightly from 2006 to 2016, the number of patients diagnosed with EoE appears to have significantly increased over the 12 years (p0.001). […] A multicenter study in Busan city and Gyeongsangnam-do province area also showed an increasing trend in EoE diagnosis. […] Moreover, the recent registration of the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision code for EoE in Korea warrants further validation of this trend based on a nationwide study like achalasia.

• #72 Role of endoscopy in eosinophilic esophagitis

  https://www.e-ce.org/journal/view.php?number=7903

  EoE has an increasing incidence and prevalence trend in Western countries. […] Although its prevalence and incidence in Asian countries remain poorly defined, several reports have been published in Korea. […] According to one study, a total of 25,271 endoscopic esophageal biopsies were performed at a tertiary care center, of which 72 demonstrated EoE after pathological and clinical review of each case. […] Although the number of esophageal biopsies appears to have increased only slightly from 2006 to 2016, the number of patients diagnosed with EoE appears to have significantly increased over the 12 years (p0.001). […] A multicenter study in Busan city and Gyeongsangnam-do province area also showed an increasing trend in EoE diagnosis. […] Moreover, the recent registration of the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision code for EoE in Korea warrants further validation of this trend based on a nationwide study like achalasia.

• #73 Role of endoscopy in eosinophilic esophagitis

  https://www.e-ce.org/journal/view.php?number=7903

  EoE has an increasing incidence and prevalence trend in Western countries. […] Although its prevalence and incidence in Asian countries remain poorly defined, several reports have been published in Korea. […] According to one study, a total of 25,271 endoscopic esophageal biopsies were performed at a tertiary care center, of which 72 demonstrated EoE after pathological and clinical review of each case. […] Although the number of esophageal biopsies appears to have increased only slightly from 2006 to 2016, the number of patients diagnosed with EoE appears to have significantly increased over the 12 years (p0.001). […] A multicenter study in Busan city and Gyeongsangnam-do province area also showed an increasing trend in EoE diagnosis. […] Moreover, the recent registration of the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision code for EoE in Korea warrants further validation of this trend based on a nationwide study like achalasia.

• #74 Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis: A multicenter study on a pediatric population evaluated at thirty-six Latin American gastroenterology centers | Revista de Gastroenterología de México

  https://www.revistagastroenterologiamexico.org/en-prevalence-eosinophilic-esophagitis-a-multicenter-articulo-S2255534X18301427

  The majority of population studies conducted in the United States estimate a disease prevalence in the general population between 40 and 90 cases/100,000 inhabitants, and there has been a rapid increase in the number of cases described in recent years. […] Even though the prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis is well known in Latin America and there have been numerous articles, systematic reviews, and epidemiologic studies on the theme, its prevalence in the pediatric population in the region has not yet been studied. […] Our results show a general prevalence rate in a group of 29,253 children evaluated at a total of 36 pediatric gastroenterology centers, within the time frame of April to June 2016, of 3.69 x 1,000 (range: 0.2-25.4 x 1,000). The prevalence of the disease was not regular and varied significantly between the different countries and centers.

• #75 Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis: A multicenter study on a pediatric population evaluated at thirty-six Latin American gastroenterology centers | Revista de Gastroenterología de México

  https://www.revistagastroenterologiamexico.org/en-prevalence-eosinophilic-esophagitis-a-multicenter-articulo-S2255534X18301427

  The estimated prevalence in the group of 4,152 patients that underwent endoscopy was at least 6-times higher: 26 x 1,000 (range: 2.6-82.3 x 1,000). Our results concur with those described in other case series, in which prevalence is higher in patients that underwent endoscopy, compared with the general population, and even higher in patients evaluated through endoscopy performed for dysphagia. […] In conclusion, the general period prevalence rate of eosinophilic esophagitis in a cohort of Latin American pediatric patients was 3.69 x 1,000 and was at least 6-times higher (26 x 1,000) in the children that underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for any reason or medical indication. Important differences were found between the different countries and centers that participated in the study, most likely due to sociodemographic factors influencing the clinical expression of the disease and to the unequal development of pediatric endoscopy in the different countries. Larger population studies are needed to calculate the incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in both the general population and the pediatric population in Latin America.

• #76 Epidemiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/epidemiology-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis/

  The prevalence of EoE is 0.5 to 1 cases/1000 persons. […] The incidence of EoE is approximately 10 cases/10,000 persons per year. […] Elucidating the reasons for the rapid increase in incidence and prevalence of EoE is an active area of research, and possibilities include changes in food allergens and aeroallergens, other environmental factors, the decrease of Helicobacter pylori, and early life exposures. […] The clear result of these studies is that EoE is rapidly increasing both in incidence and in prevalence. […] Studies are consistent in showing that the incidence of EoE has been increasing rapidly. […] In a report from Hamilton County, Ohio, the incidence of EoE was noted to increase from 9 to 12.8/100,000 over a 3-year period. […] This increasing incidence has also been reflected in temporal trends in the relative prevalence of dysphagia causes, with EoE becoming a more frequent cause of dysphagia over time.

• #77 Eosinophilic esophagitis: definition, epidemiology and quality of life – Minerva Gastroenterology 2022 March;68(1):60-8 – Minerva Medica – Journals

  https://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/gastroenterology/article.php?cod=R08Y2022N01A0060

  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a clinicopathological disease defined by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and 15 eosinophils/HPF after excluding other causes of esophageal eosinophilia. […] Recent evidence suggests that the incidence and prevalence of EoE have been increasing through the years: many risk factors have been advocated as possible reasons for this, although further studies are needed. […] We will discuss EoE epidemiology, emphasizing potential risk factors explaining its increasing incidence and prevalence.

• #78 Eosinophilic esophagitis: current status and future directions | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-020-0770-4

  EoE was considered an uncommon entity but has now emerged as a common cause of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract morbidity in both children and adults. A large meta-analysis estimated incidence and prevalence rates in children of 5.1 cases/100,000 persons/year and 19.1 cases/100,000 persons, respectively. EoE is diagnosed in 26.5% of patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for any indication and this increases to 12-22% if dysphagia is the indication. […] While EoE can affect patients of all age groups, it has bimodal peak with most cases in either pediatric age group or the third decade of life. EoE is more common in Caucasian males and has a strong association with concomitant atopic conditions such as asthma, eczema, rhinitis, and food allergies. […] The exact reasons behind the increasing incidence and prevalence are largely unknown and cannot be solely explained by increased disease recognition. There is significant interest in unraveling these changes including epidemiological factors such as early life events, infectious processes, environmental agents, and dietary habits.

• #79 Epidemiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/epidemiology-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis/

  The prevalence of EoE is 0.5 to 1 cases/1000 persons. […] The incidence of EoE is approximately 10 cases/10,000 persons per year. […] Elucidating the reasons for the rapid increase in incidence and prevalence of EoE is an active area of research, and possibilities include changes in food allergens and aeroallergens, other environmental factors, the decrease of Helicobacter pylori, and early life exposures. […] The clear result of these studies is that EoE is rapidly increasing both in incidence and in prevalence. […] Studies are consistent in showing that the incidence of EoE has been increasing rapidly. […] In a report from Hamilton County, Ohio, the incidence of EoE was noted to increase from 9 to 12.8/100,000 over a 3-year period. […] This increasing incidence has also been reflected in temporal trends in the relative prevalence of dysphagia causes, with EoE becoming a more frequent cause of dysphagia over time.

• #80 Epidemiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4019938/

  The prevalence of EoE is rising substantially, and it is now the most common cause of food impaction in patients presenting to the emergency department, and is frequently encountered in the endoscopy suite. […] Incidence estimates suggest that there are 1/10,000 new cases per year, and the rise in incidence is outpacing the increasing in recognition and endoscopy volume. […] Elucidating the reasons for the rapid rise in incidence and prevalence of EoE is an active area of research, and possibilities include changes food allergens and aeroallergens, other environmental factors, the decrease of H. pylori and early life exposures.

• #81 Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis-eoe

  EoE has been reported in several countries in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. A study of a pathology database from the United States found that the disease has been detected in most states that reported data. […] The results of one survey suggested there may be regional variation, with a higher prevalence in northeastern states and lower prevalence in western states. […] The diagnosis also appeared to be more common in urban as opposed to rural settings. In contrast, another study that evaluated a national pathology database, revealed the opposite patterns with an increased odds of EoE in the west and in rural settings. […] Prevalence within the United States may also differ between climate zones with a higher prevalence in cold and arid zones as compared with the tropical zones. […] Seasonal exacerbations of symptoms that have been described suggested a possible role of aeroallergens.

• #82 Eosinophilic Esophagitis—What Do We Know So Far?

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/6/2259

  An interesting issue is the seasonality of the morbidity and severity of symptoms. There was no correlation between the season of the year and the number of newly diagnosed patients in the Dutch study. However, according to studies conducted on children in the United States, 45% of the cases were diagnosed in the spring. Moreover, in an American study on the seasonal exacerbation of EoE in adults and children, 71% of cases occurred in the fall and summer months. […] Overall, it can be assumed that the frequency of EoE is higher in Western countries than in the East. EoE is most common among Caucasians. In a pediatric population, a study conducted by Zdanowicz et al. in northeastern Poland demonstrated that the average annual incidence rate of EoE was 2.83 cases per 100,000 children between 2013 and 2018. In some centers, the frequency may be higher, as demonstrated in a study of Jordanian children between 2015 and 2020 in which 3% of patients were diagnosed with EoE.

• #83 Eosinophilic Esophagitis—What Do We Know So Far?

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/6/2259

  An interesting issue is the seasonality of the morbidity and severity of symptoms. There was no correlation between the season of the year and the number of newly diagnosed patients in the Dutch study. However, according to studies conducted on children in the United States, 45% of the cases were diagnosed in the spring. Moreover, in an American study on the seasonal exacerbation of EoE in adults and children, 71% of cases occurred in the fall and summer months. […] Overall, it can be assumed that the frequency of EoE is higher in Western countries than in the East. EoE is most common among Caucasians. In a pediatric population, a study conducted by Zdanowicz et al. in northeastern Poland demonstrated that the average annual incidence rate of EoE was 2.83 cases per 100,000 children between 2013 and 2018. In some centers, the frequency may be higher, as demonstrated in a study of Jordanian children between 2015 and 2020 in which 3% of patients were diagnosed with EoE.

• #84 Eosinophilic Esophagitis—What Do We Know So Far?

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/6/2259

  An interesting issue is the seasonality of the morbidity and severity of symptoms. There was no correlation between the season of the year and the number of newly diagnosed patients in the Dutch study. However, according to studies conducted on children in the United States, 45% of the cases were diagnosed in the spring. Moreover, in an American study on the seasonal exacerbation of EoE in adults and children, 71% of cases occurred in the fall and summer months. […] Overall, it can be assumed that the frequency of EoE is higher in Western countries than in the East. EoE is most common among Caucasians. In a pediatric population, a study conducted by Zdanowicz et al. in northeastern Poland demonstrated that the average annual incidence rate of EoE was 2.83 cases per 100,000 children between 2013 and 2018. In some centers, the frequency may be higher, as demonstrated in a study of Jordanian children between 2015 and 2020 in which 3% of patients were diagnosed with EoE.

• #85 Disparities in Eosinophilic Esophagitis Diagnosis and Care, with Benjamin Gold, MD

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/disparities-eosinophilic-esophagitis-diagnosis-care-with-benjamin-gold-md

  New research is shedding light on the growing clinical burden of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), highlighting longstanding disparities in diagnosis and care driven by social determinants of health. […] In an interview with HCPLive, Gold describes increases in EoE incidence and prevalence across all age groups, with a significant burden on patients ranging from social limitations in children to frequent healthcare utilization and missed work in adults. […] He also describes how appropriate testing is not done in all patient populations, contributing to misconceptions about who is truly affected by EoE, which is widely regarded as a disease that only affects White males. […] Looking ahead, Gold says future research should focus on populations that may not have access to health care, may not have the literacy, but may also have an incredible burden of EoE. […] Gold additionally calls attention to the importance of expanding education and outreach in underrepresented communities, breaking down structural barriers to care, and conducting more inclusive research to understand how EoE may manifest differently across racial and ethnic groups.

• #86 Disparities in Eosinophilic Esophagitis Diagnosis and Care, with Benjamin Gold, MD

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/disparities-eosinophilic-esophagitis-diagnosis-care-with-benjamin-gold-md

  New research is shedding light on the growing clinical burden of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), highlighting longstanding disparities in diagnosis and care driven by social determinants of health. […] In an interview with HCPLive, Gold describes increases in EoE incidence and prevalence across all age groups, with a significant burden on patients ranging from social limitations in children to frequent healthcare utilization and missed work in adults. […] He also describes how appropriate testing is not done in all patient populations, contributing to misconceptions about who is truly affected by EoE, which is widely regarded as a disease that only affects White males. […] Looking ahead, Gold says future research should focus on populations that may not have access to health care, may not have the literacy, but may also have an incredible burden of EoE. […] Gold additionally calls attention to the importance of expanding education and outreach in underrepresented communities, breaking down structural barriers to care, and conducting more inclusive research to understand how EoE may manifest differently across racial and ethnic groups.

• #87 Disparities in Eosinophilic Esophagitis Diagnosis and Care, with Benjamin Gold, MD

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/disparities-eosinophilic-esophagitis-diagnosis-care-with-benjamin-gold-md

  New research is shedding light on the growing clinical burden of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), highlighting longstanding disparities in diagnosis and care driven by social determinants of health. […] In an interview with HCPLive, Gold describes increases in EoE incidence and prevalence across all age groups, with a significant burden on patients ranging from social limitations in children to frequent healthcare utilization and missed work in adults. […] He also describes how appropriate testing is not done in all patient populations, contributing to misconceptions about who is truly affected by EoE, which is widely regarded as a disease that only affects White males. […] Looking ahead, Gold says future research should focus on populations that may not have access to health care, may not have the literacy, but may also have an incredible burden of EoE. […] Gold additionally calls attention to the importance of expanding education and outreach in underrepresented communities, breaking down structural barriers to care, and conducting more inclusive research to understand how EoE may manifest differently across racial and ethnic groups.

• #88 Disparities in Eosinophilic Esophagitis Diagnosis and Care, with Benjamin Gold, MD

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/disparities-eosinophilic-esophagitis-diagnosis-care-with-benjamin-gold-md

  New research is shedding light on the growing clinical burden of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), highlighting longstanding disparities in diagnosis and care driven by social determinants of health. […] In an interview with HCPLive, Gold describes increases in EoE incidence and prevalence across all age groups, with a significant burden on patients ranging from social limitations in children to frequent healthcare utilization and missed work in adults. […] He also describes how appropriate testing is not done in all patient populations, contributing to misconceptions about who is truly affected by EoE, which is widely regarded as a disease that only affects White males. […] Looking ahead, Gold says future research should focus on populations that may not have access to health care, may not have the literacy, but may also have an incredible burden of EoE. […] Gold additionally calls attention to the importance of expanding education and outreach in underrepresented communities, breaking down structural barriers to care, and conducting more inclusive research to understand how EoE may manifest differently across racial and ethnic groups.

• #89 Disparities in Eosinophilic Esophagitis Diagnosis and Care, with Benjamin Gold, MD

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/disparities-eosinophilic-esophagitis-diagnosis-care-with-benjamin-gold-md

  New research is shedding light on the growing clinical burden of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), highlighting longstanding disparities in diagnosis and care driven by social determinants of health. […] In an interview with HCPLive, Gold describes increases in EoE incidence and prevalence across all age groups, with a significant burden on patients ranging from social limitations in children to frequent healthcare utilization and missed work in adults. […] He also describes how appropriate testing is not done in all patient populations, contributing to misconceptions about who is truly affected by EoE, which is widely regarded as a disease that only affects White males. […] Looking ahead, Gold says future research should focus on populations that may not have access to health care, may not have the literacy, but may also have an incredible burden of EoE. […] Gold additionally calls attention to the importance of expanding education and outreach in underrepresented communities, breaking down structural barriers to care, and conducting more inclusive research to understand how EoE may manifest differently across racial and ethnic groups.

Zobacz więcej