Materiały źródłowe

• #1 HPV (Human Papillomavirus): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11901-hpv-human-papilloma-virus

  HPV that affects your genitals doesnt usually cause symptoms. When symptoms do occur, the most common sign of the virus is warts in your genital area. Genital warts are rough, cauliflower-like lumps that grow on your skin. They may also appear like skin tags. They may appear weeks, months or even years after youve been infected with low-risk HPV. Genital warts are contagious (like all forms of HPV). They can also be itchy and very uncomfortable. […] High-risk forms of HPV often dont cause symptoms until theyve progressed to cancer. […] Certain strains of HPV (most often types 16 and 18) can cause changes in the cells of your cervix, a condition called cervical dysplasia. Left untreated, cervical dysplasia sometimes advances to cervical cancer. […] The virus itself doesnt turn into cancer. But high-risk strains of HPV infection can cause precancerous cell changes. These cell changes can eventually lead to cancer if they arent managed. This process, though, can take years or decades to happen. Screenings, like Pap smears, can help detect these precancerous cells before they turn to cancer.

• #1 About Genital HPV Infection | STI | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/about-genital-hpv-infection.html

  HPV often has no symptoms, but it can cause serious health problems, even without symptoms. […] Most people with HPV never develop symptoms or health problems from it. […] In most cases (9 out of 10), HPV goes away on its own within two years without health problems. When HPV does not go away, it can cause health problems like genital warts and cancer. […] Genital warts usually appear as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area. […] Genital warts can come back, even after treatment. […] Most people with HPV do not know they have the infection. They never develop symptoms or health problems from it. […] Some people find out they have HPV when they get genital warts. […] Others may only find out once they’ve developed more serious problems from HPV, such as cancers. […] HPV can cause cervical and other cancers, including cancer of the vulva, vagina, penis, or anus. […] Cancer often takes years, even decades, to develop after a person gets HPV.

• #1 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/human-papillomavirus-hpv-infection

  Warts caused by HPV appear after an incubation period of 1 to 6 months. […] The warts are usually asymptomatic, but some patients have itching, burning, or discomfort. […] In men, warts occur most commonly under the foreskin, on the coronal sulcus, within the urethral meatus, and on the penile shaft. […] In women, warts occur most commonly on the vulva, vaginal wall, cervix, and perineum; the urethra and anal region may be affected. […] HPV types 16 and 18 usually cause endocervical or anal intraepithelial lesions that are difficult to see and diagnose clinically. […] Most HPV infections clear spontaneously within 1 to 2 years, but some persist.

• #1 HPV and Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer

  Infection with low-risk HPV may cause warts on or around the genitals, anus, mouth, or throat. […] Infection with high-risk HPV does not cause symptoms. However, depending on the site of infection, the precancers and cancers caused by a high-risk HPV infection that persists for many years may cause symptoms such as lumps, bleeding, and pain. […] HPV infection causes cells to undergo changes. If not treated these cells can, over time, become cancer cells. […] Research has found that it can take 5 to 10 years for HPV-infected cervical cells to develop into precancers and about 20 years to develop into cancer.

• #1 HPV infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20351596

  HPV infections cause almost all cervical cancers. But cervical cancer may take 20 years or longer to develop after an HPV infection. The HPV infection and early cervical cancer typically don’t cause symptoms. […] Because early cervical cancer doesn’t cause symptoms, it’s vital that women have regular screening tests. These tests can find changes in the cervix that might lead to cancer. Current guidelines recommend that women ages 21 to 29 have a test that checks cervical cells for cancer, called a Pap test, every three years. […] If you or your child has any warts that cause embarrassment, discomfort or pain, seek advice from your healthcare professional.

• #1 Persistence of human papillomavirus infections: keys to malignant progression

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3059725/

  Persistence by HR HPV over long periods is the single most important risk factor for the development of cancer. […] It is therefore important to understand the biology of persistent HPV infections and examine the features of lesions that progress to cancers as opposed to those that do not. […] The life cycle of genital HPVs is closely linked to epithelial differentiation and extensive discussions of this process can be found elsewhere. […] HPV must actively suppress both innate and adaptive immune responses. […] Development of HPV-specific T-cell responses is repressed or delayed in HPV-infected patients, and this is more marked in HR as compared to LR infections. […] The persistent nature of HPV infections allows cellular genetic changes to accumulate over extended periods of time until a combination of genetic abnormalities has occurred allowing cancer to develop.

• #1 HPV Signs and Symptoms | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/hpv/hpv-signs-and-symptoms.html

  HPV (human papillomavirus) may not cause any symptoms. Since this virus is spread through intimate skin-to-skin contact, someone who has HPV might not know it unless they are getting routine testing or if they develop signs and symptoms. […] If a person gets HPV, the virus may or may not cause signs or symptoms, depending on which HPV type has infected the person and where the infection is. In most people, the body’s immune system is able to get rid of or control the HPV infection on its own. But sometimes, the infection doesn’t go away. […] Certain people are at higher risk for HPV-related health problems. This means if they are infected with HPV, they are more likely to have symptoms or other problems. This includes people with weak immune systems (including those who have HIV/AIDS).

• #1 What are the symptoms of HPV in women? Signs, testing, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hpv-symptoms-in-women

  HPV often causes no symptoms. However, HPV symptoms in females may include warts on the cervix, vulvar, and vagina, as well as the anus. It can also increase the risk of throat cancer in males and females. […] HPV infections usually clear from the body within 2 years. However, if certain HPV strains persist over several years, they may induce cell changes that cause cancer. […] High risk HPV usually presents with no initial symptoms. However, if the virus remains within the body for many years, infected cells can change and begin to divide uncontrollably. This would result in cancer. […] The presence of early cervical cancer or precancerous cells may not cause any symptoms. […] Some symptoms of advanced cervical cancer include: pain during sex, pain in the pelvic region, unusual discharge from the vagina, unusual bleeding, such as after sex.

• #1 HPV and Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer

  HPV infection is common: Nearly all sexually active people are infected with HPV within months to a few years of becoming sexually active. Around half of these infections are with a high-risk HPV type. […] Most HPV infections go away on their own without causing cancer: Your immune system usually controls HPV infections so they are cleared by your body, within a year or two. […] High-risk HPV infections that persist can cause cancer: Sometimes HPV infections are not successfully controlled by your immune system. When a high-risk HPV infection persists for many years, it can lead to cell changes that, if untreated, may get worse over time and become precancerous and then cancerous. […] HPV can cause six types of cancer: These include anal cancer, cervical cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, penile cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer.

• #1 What are the symptoms of HPV in women? Signs, testing, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hpv-symptoms-in-women

  Without treatment, high risk HPV may cause vaginal or vulvar cancer. Females may not experience any symptoms when they have precancerous cells or during the early stages of vaginal or vulvar cancer. […] Some symptoms of vaginal cancer include: bleeding after sex, unusual discharge, a lump in the vagina, pain while having sex. […] Some symptoms of vulvar cancer include: a patch of lighter or darker skin, a discolored lump or bump, thickening of the skin, itching, pain, bleeding, an open sore that does not heal within a month. […] However, if a person has high risk HPV, they may develop oropharyngeal cancer. […] Some symptoms of oropharyngeal cancer include: a persistent sore throat, earaches, hoarseness, swollen lymph nodes, pain when swallowing, unexplained weight loss. […] Most HPV infections clear within 2 years, but a person should always be mindful that HPV-related cancers only present with symptoms at advanced stages.

• #1 HPV in men: Symptoms, complications, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314567

  HPV is not cancer, but the HPV virus can cause changes in the body that may lead to cancer. Types of HPV that can lead to cancer are known as high risk, or oncogenic, HPV types. […] A doctor may not diagnose cancer for years after a person has HPV because the changes in the cells that have HPV build up very slowly. The immune system can successfully control HPV infections. However, when a high risk HPV infection persists for many years, it can lead to cell changes that worsen and become precancerous, and then cancerous. […] High risk HPV infections do not cause typically cause symptoms. However, depending on the site of infection, a person may notice symptoms such as lumps, bleeding, and pain. […] The symptoms of HPV-related anal cancer include: bleeding, discharge, pain, or itching of the anus; swelling of the lymph nodes in the anal or groin area; changes in bowel habits or the shape of stools.

• #1 HPV in men: Symptoms, complications, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314567

  Penile cancer can lead to: tissue changes on the penis, such as color, skin thickening, or tissue buildup; painful or painless sores or growths on the penis that might bleed. […] Cancer of the back of the throat can trigger: constant sore throat or ear pain; persistent coughing; trouble breathing or swallowing; weight loss; voice changes or hoarseness; lumps or growths in the neck.

• #1 Open Search

  https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/hpv/what-are-symptoms-hpv

  Throat cancer might cause a sore throat, ear pain that doesnt go away, constant coughing, pain or trouble swallowing or breathing, weight loss, or a lump or mass in your neck. […] If you develop any of these symptoms, see a doctor right away. […] Most people who have a high-risk type of HPV wont show any signs of the infection until its already caused serious health problems like cancer. High-risk HPV can cause cervical cancer, penile cancer, anal cancer, and cancers of the mouth and throat.

• #1 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/human-papillomavirus-hpv-infection

  Human papillomavirus (HPV) can be sexually transmitted and causes changes in cells, which can lead to genital warts or to precancer or cancer of the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus, or throat. […] Genital warts are visible skin lesions that sometimes cause burning pain; genital or anal precancer or cancer may cause bleeding or a mass or have no symptoms. […] Warts cause no symptoms in many people but cause occasional burning pain, itching, or discomfort in some. […] If HPV causes precancer or cancer, it may cause no symptoms, or the infection can cause bleeding or a visible lesion or mass. Advanced cancer may cause other symptoms. […] Warts may grow more rapidly and spread more widely in pregnant women and in people who have a weakened immune system, such as those who have HIV infection.

• #1 Human Papillomavirus Infection: Symptoms and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/human-papillomavirus-infection

  Most cases of HPV go away on their own, so theres no treatment for the infection itself. Instead, your doctor will likely want to have you come in for repeat testing in a year to see if the HPV infection persists and if any cell changes have developed that need further follow-up. […] Genital warts can be treated with prescription medications, burning with an electrical current, or freezing with liquid nitrogen. But, getting rid of the physical warts doesnt treat the virus itself, and the warts may return. […] Cervical changes that lead to cancer often take many years to develop, and HPV infections often go away on their own without causing cancer.

• #1 I have HPV. Now what? | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/i-have-hpv-now-what.h00-159698334.html

  Your immune system will attack the virus, and it will likely be gone within two years. […] Of the millions of cases of HPV diagnosed every year, only a small number become cancer. Most of those cases are cervical cancer; almost all cervical cancer cases are caused by the HPV virus. […] Other HPV-related cancers are rare. […] Making healthy lifestyle choices can give your body the best chance of clearing the virus. […] If you test positive for HPV and your Pap test is normal, your doctor will most likely recommend repeating the Pap and HPV screening exams in one year. […] If your second HPV test comes back positive, your doctor may recommend a colposcopy. […] If you test positive for HPV and your Pap test was abnormal, your doctor will probably follow up with a colposcopy. […] It’s possible that the virus was in your system for a long time before it was detected.

• #2 About Genital HPV Infection | STI | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/about-genital-hpv-infection.html

  HPV often has no symptoms, but it can cause serious health problems, even without symptoms. […] Most people with HPV never develop symptoms or health problems from it. […] In most cases (9 out of 10), HPV goes away on its own within two years without health problems. When HPV does not go away, it can cause health problems like genital warts and cancer. […] Genital warts usually appear as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area. […] Genital warts can come back, even after treatment. […] Most people with HPV do not know they have the infection. They never develop symptoms or health problems from it. […] Some people find out they have HPV when they get genital warts. […] Others may only find out once they’ve developed more serious problems from HPV, such as cancers. […] HPV can cause cervical and other cancers, including cancer of the vulva, vagina, penis, or anus. […] Cancer often takes years, even decades, to develop after a person gets HPV.

• #2 HPV in men: Symptoms, complications, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314567

  In males, human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause genital warts on the penis and elsewhere around the genital and anal area. The warts may appear as small or large bumps, which may be flat, raised, or cauliflower-shaped. […] In many cases, males with HPV often develop no symptoms, and some may never develop health problems relating to it. HPV may also go away on its own within 2 years. […] However, when it does not go away, it can cause health problems like genital warts and cancer. It is important to note that the types of HPV that cause warts, do not cause cancer. […] Possible symptoms of HPV can include the following developing in the genital area, mouth, or throat: warts, unusual growths, lumps. […] Genital warts can be small or large, flat or raised, or cauliflower-shaped. They might appear as a bump or group of bumps in the area surrounding the penis, anus, or genitals. These warts do not often hurt but can be unsightly.

• #2 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/human-papillomavirus-hpv-infection

  Human papillomavirus (HPV) can be sexually transmitted and causes changes in cells, which can lead to genital warts or to precancer or cancer of the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus, or throat. […] Genital warts are visible skin lesions that sometimes cause burning pain; genital or anal precancer or cancer may cause bleeding or a mass or have no symptoms. […] Warts cause no symptoms in many people but cause occasional burning pain, itching, or discomfort in some. […] If HPV causes precancer or cancer, it may cause no symptoms, or the infection can cause bleeding or a visible lesion or mass. Advanced cancer may cause other symptoms. […] Warts may grow more rapidly and spread more widely in pregnant women and in people who have a weakened immune system, such as those who have HIV infection.

• #2 HPV Signs and Symptoms | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/hpv/hpv-signs-and-symptoms.html

  If HPV does cause symptoms, the symptoms will depend on which type it is cutaneous (affecting the skin) or mucosal (affecting the genitals, mouth, or throat). […] Cutaneous HPV types live on the skin. These types of HPV can cause warts on areas such as the arms, chest, hands, or feet. […] Low-risk mucosal HPVs can sometimes cause cauliflower-shaped warts around the genitals or anus. High-risk mucosal HPVs can eventually cause some types of cancer.

• #2 Human Papillomavirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448132/

  The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a non-enveloped, double-stranded, circular DNA virus that is responsible for causing multiple epithelial lesions and cancers. It can manifest as cutaneous and anogenital warts, which depending on the subtype, may progress to carcinoma. […] The majority of HPV infections are latent, and most clinical lesions present as warts rather than a malignancy. […] HPV has been implicated as a cause of laryngeal, oral, lung, and anogenital cancer. Subtypes 6 and 11 are low risk and usually present with the formation of condylomata and low-grade precancerous lesions. HPV subtypes 16 and 18 are high risk and are responsible for high-grade intraepithelial lesions that progress to malignancies. […] The prognosis after an HPV infection is good, but recurrences are common. Even though there are many treatments for warts, none works well, and most patients require repeated treatments. The HPV infection can also result in vulvar intraepithelial dysplasia, cervical dysplasia, and cervical cancer. Some women remain at high risk for developing vaginal and anal cancer. The risk of malignant transformation is highest in immunocompromised individuals. […] The biggest concern with genital warts is the risk of cervical cancer. HPV is also known to be associated with anal and head and neck cancers. Individuals who are immunocompromised are also at risk for developing dysplasia or cancer of the vagina and vulva.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-papilloma-virus-and-cancer

  Most people will not have any symptoms from an HPV infection. The immune system usually clears HPV from the body within a year or two with no lasting effects. […] Some HPV infections cause small rough lumps (genital warts) that can appear on the vagina, penis or anus and rarely the throat. They may be painful, itchy or bleed or cause swollen glands. […] HPV infection that does not go away on its own can cause changes to cervical cells, which lead to precancers that may become cervical cancer if left untreated. It usually takes 15-20 years for cervical cancer to develop after HPV infection. […] The early changes in cervical cells and precancers mostly do not cause symptoms. Symptoms of cervical cancer may include bleeding between periods or after sexual intercourse or a foul-smelling vaginal discharge. These symptoms may be due to other diseases. People with these symptoms should speak to their healthcare provider.

• #2 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/human-papillomavirus-hpv-infection

  The warts usually appear 1 to 6 months after infection with HPV, beginning as tiny, soft, moist, pink or gray growths. They grow rapidly and become rough, irregular bumps, which sometimes grow out from the skin on narrow stalks. Their rough surfaces make them look like a small cauliflower. Warts often grow in clusters. […] Many throat cancers are also caused by HPV. […] Persistent infection caused by some types of HPV can cause certain types of cancer.

• #2 HPV infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20351596

  HPV infections cause almost all cervical cancers. But cervical cancer may take 20 years or longer to develop after an HPV infection. The HPV infection and early cervical cancer typically don’t cause symptoms. […] Because early cervical cancer doesn’t cause symptoms, it’s vital that women have regular screening tests. These tests can find changes in the cervix that might lead to cancer. Current guidelines recommend that women ages 21 to 29 have a test that checks cervical cells for cancer, called a Pap test, every three years. […] If you or your child has any warts that cause embarrassment, discomfort or pain, seek advice from your healthcare professional.

• #2 Persistence of human papillomavirus infections: keys to malignant progression

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3059725/

  Persistence by HR HPV over long periods is the single most important risk factor for the development of cancer. […] It is therefore important to understand the biology of persistent HPV infections and examine the features of lesions that progress to cancers as opposed to those that do not. […] The life cycle of genital HPVs is closely linked to epithelial differentiation and extensive discussions of this process can be found elsewhere. […] HPV must actively suppress both innate and adaptive immune responses. […] Development of HPV-specific T-cell responses is repressed or delayed in HPV-infected patients, and this is more marked in HR as compared to LR infections. […] The persistent nature of HPV infections allows cellular genetic changes to accumulate over extended periods of time until a combination of genetic abnormalities has occurred allowing cancer to develop.

• #2 HPV Signs and Symptoms | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/hpv/hpv-signs-and-symptoms.html

  HPV (human papillomavirus) may not cause any symptoms. Since this virus is spread through intimate skin-to-skin contact, someone who has HPV might not know it unless they are getting routine testing or if they develop signs and symptoms. […] If a person gets HPV, the virus may or may not cause signs or symptoms, depending on which HPV type has infected the person and where the infection is. In most people, the body’s immune system is able to get rid of or control the HPV infection on its own. But sometimes, the infection doesn’t go away. […] Certain people are at higher risk for HPV-related health problems. This means if they are infected with HPV, they are more likely to have symptoms or other problems. This includes people with weak immune systems (including those who have HIV/AIDS).

• #2

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer

  Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Persistent HPV infection of the cervix (the lower part of the uterus or womb, which opens into the vagina also called the birth canal) if left untreated, causes 95% of cervical cancers. […] Typically, it takes 15-20 years for abnormal cells to become cancer, but in women with weakened immune systems, such as untreated HIV, this process can be faster and take 5-10 years. […] Recognizing symptoms and seeking medical advice to address any concerns is a critical step. Women should see a healthcare professional if they notice: unusual bleeding between periods, after menopause, or after sexual intercourse; increased or foul-smelling vaginal discharge; symptoms like persistent pain in the back, legs, or pelvis; weight loss, fatigue and loss of appetite; vaginal discomfort; swelling in the legs.

• #2 HPV and Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer

  Infection with low-risk HPV may cause warts on or around the genitals, anus, mouth, or throat. […] Infection with high-risk HPV does not cause symptoms. However, depending on the site of infection, the precancers and cancers caused by a high-risk HPV infection that persists for many years may cause symptoms such as lumps, bleeding, and pain. […] HPV infection causes cells to undergo changes. If not treated these cells can, over time, become cancer cells. […] Research has found that it can take 5 to 10 years for HPV-infected cervical cells to develop into precancers and about 20 years to develop into cancer.

• #2 What are the symptoms of HPV in women? Signs, testing, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hpv-symptoms-in-women

  Without treatment, high risk HPV may cause vaginal or vulvar cancer. Females may not experience any symptoms when they have precancerous cells or during the early stages of vaginal or vulvar cancer. […] Some symptoms of vaginal cancer include: bleeding after sex, unusual discharge, a lump in the vagina, pain while having sex. […] Some symptoms of vulvar cancer include: a patch of lighter or darker skin, a discolored lump or bump, thickening of the skin, itching, pain, bleeding, an open sore that does not heal within a month. […] However, if a person has high risk HPV, they may develop oropharyngeal cancer. […] Some symptoms of oropharyngeal cancer include: a persistent sore throat, earaches, hoarseness, swollen lymph nodes, pain when swallowing, unexplained weight loss. […] Most HPV infections clear within 2 years, but a person should always be mindful that HPV-related cancers only present with symptoms at advanced stages.

• #2 HPV in men: Symptoms, complications, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314567

  HPV is not cancer, but the HPV virus can cause changes in the body that may lead to cancer. Types of HPV that can lead to cancer are known as high risk, or oncogenic, HPV types. […] A doctor may not diagnose cancer for years after a person has HPV because the changes in the cells that have HPV build up very slowly. The immune system can successfully control HPV infections. However, when a high risk HPV infection persists for many years, it can lead to cell changes that worsen and become precancerous, and then cancerous. […] High risk HPV infections do not cause typically cause symptoms. However, depending on the site of infection, a person may notice symptoms such as lumps, bleeding, and pain. […] The symptoms of HPV-related anal cancer include: bleeding, discharge, pain, or itching of the anus; swelling of the lymph nodes in the anal or groin area; changes in bowel habits or the shape of stools.

• #2 HPV in men: Symptoms, complications, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314567

  Penile cancer can lead to: tissue changes on the penis, such as color, skin thickening, or tissue buildup; painful or painless sores or growths on the penis that might bleed. […] Cancer of the back of the throat can trigger: constant sore throat or ear pain; persistent coughing; trouble breathing or swallowing; weight loss; voice changes or hoarseness; lumps or growths in the neck.

• #2 Human papillomavirus (HPV): Symptoms and treatment – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/human-papillomavirus-hpv.html

  Anogenital warts are caused by certain low-risk HPV types. Low-risk HPV types have little risk of causing cancer. […] Anogenital warts are a type of growth that can appear in the anal and genital area. They’re usually skin-coloured, brown or pink, and may cause itching, discomfort or bleeding. […] Most HPV infections go away without treatment within a couple of years. […] Treatments are available for anogenital warts or pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions. […] Screening can find abnormal cells, allowing professionals to treat them before cancer develops. If screening finds cervical cancer early, treatments are generally very successful. […] The majority of anogenital warts will resolve over time, but there are treatments available to remove them.

• #2 I have HPV. Now what? | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/i-have-hpv-now-what.h00-159698334.html

  Your immune system will attack the virus, and it will likely be gone within two years. […] Of the millions of cases of HPV diagnosed every year, only a small number become cancer. Most of those cases are cervical cancer; almost all cervical cancer cases are caused by the HPV virus. […] Other HPV-related cancers are rare. […] Making healthy lifestyle choices can give your body the best chance of clearing the virus. […] If you test positive for HPV and your Pap test is normal, your doctor will most likely recommend repeating the Pap and HPV screening exams in one year. […] If your second HPV test comes back positive, your doctor may recommend a colposcopy. […] If you test positive for HPV and your Pap test was abnormal, your doctor will probably follow up with a colposcopy. […] It’s possible that the virus was in your system for a long time before it was detected.

• #2 Human Papillomavirus Infection: Symptoms and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/human-papillomavirus-infection

  Most cases of HPV go away on their own, so theres no treatment for the infection itself. Instead, your doctor will likely want to have you come in for repeat testing in a year to see if the HPV infection persists and if any cell changes have developed that need further follow-up. […] Genital warts can be treated with prescription medications, burning with an electrical current, or freezing with liquid nitrogen. But, getting rid of the physical warts doesnt treat the virus itself, and the warts may return. […] Cervical changes that lead to cancer often take many years to develop, and HPV infections often go away on their own without causing cancer.

• #2 HPV infection – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351602

  A healthcare professional might be able to diagnose HPV infection by looking at the warts. […] If genital warts don’t show, one or more of the following tests can find them: […] Warts often go away without treatment, particularly in children. But there’s no cure for the virus. So the warts can come back in the same place or other places. […] Medicines to get rid of warts usually go directly on the warts. These medicines might need to be used many times before the warts go away. […] If medicines don’t work, one of these methods can remove warts: […] A procedure called a colposcopy can remove HPV from the cervix. […] Precancerous lesions need to be removed. Options include freezing, called cryosurgery, and laser surgical removal. […] Don’t hesitate to ask all the questions you have about HPV infection.

• #2 HPV (Human Papillomavirus): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11901-hpv-human-papilloma-virus

  HPV that affects your genitals doesnt usually cause symptoms. When symptoms do occur, the most common sign of the virus is warts in your genital area. Genital warts are rough, cauliflower-like lumps that grow on your skin. They may also appear like skin tags. They may appear weeks, months or even years after youve been infected with low-risk HPV. Genital warts are contagious (like all forms of HPV). They can also be itchy and very uncomfortable. […] High-risk forms of HPV often dont cause symptoms until theyve progressed to cancer. […] Certain strains of HPV (most often types 16 and 18) can cause changes in the cells of your cervix, a condition called cervical dysplasia. Left untreated, cervical dysplasia sometimes advances to cervical cancer. […] The virus itself doesnt turn into cancer. But high-risk strains of HPV infection can cause precancerous cell changes. These cell changes can eventually lead to cancer if they arent managed. This process, though, can take years or decades to happen. Screenings, like Pap smears, can help detect these precancerous cells before they turn to cancer.

• #3 How Common Is HPV? Risk Factors, Early Symptoms, Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/how-common-is-hpv

  Some experts say that nearly all sexually active people may contract human papillomavirus (HPV) within months to a few years of becoming sexually active. […] Your immune system can usually manage various HPV infections. Many clear up within 1 or 2 years without causing cancer. […] However, persistent high risk HPV infections can lead to cell changes that, left untreated, may progress to precancerous and cancerous conditions. […] Specific high risk HPV strains can lead to cancerous changes in cells, potentially causing cervical, anal, vulvar, vaginal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers when left untreated. […] While many cases of HPV are asymptomatic, some low risk types (like HPV 6 and 11) can cause visible warts. […] But high risk types can lead to atypical cell changes (often detected during a Pap smear) that may develop into cancer over time.

• #3 Human papillomavirus (HPV)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/human-papilloma-virus-hpv/

  HPV does not usually cause any symptoms. […] But sometimes the virus can cause painless growths or lumps around your vagina, penis or anus (genital warts). […] Most of the time HPV does not cause any problems. […] In some people, some types of HPV can cause: genital warts, abnormal changes in the cells that can sometimes turn into cancer. […] You can have HPV for many years without it causing problems. […] There’s no treatment for the HPV infection. Most HPV infections do not cause any problems and are cleared by your body within 2 years.

• #3 Symptoms of an HPV infection | Most Common Are Genital Warts

  https://www.hpv.org.nz/Human-Papillomavirus-hpv-symptoms/symptoms-hpv-infection

  The most common symptom of an HPV infection is genital warts. In some cases, HPV can also lead to cervical cell changes. […] Most people have an HPV infection and are not aware of it because it is subclinical, i.e. invisible to the naked eye. It is also possible that some people may have genital warts without knowing it, as some warts may be hard to see. […] The period between contracting the HPV virus type that causes warts and seeing the developed warts, varies so this can make it impossible to know when you were infected. Often, HPV warts will appear three to six months after sexual relations with an infected person; or they may never appear. Likewise, the interval between an infection with HPV and changes to cervical cells can vary from months to decades. The delay of these symptoms makes it hard to know exactly when or from whom you got the HPV virus. […] Evidence suggests that the majority of individuals who have ever been sexually active experience one or more genital HPV infections during their lifetime. Most HPV infections clear spontaneously.

• #3 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/human-papillomavirus-hpv-infection

  Human papillomavirus (HPV) can be sexually transmitted and causes changes in cells, which can lead to genital warts or to precancer or cancer of the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus, or throat. […] Genital warts are visible skin lesions that sometimes cause burning pain; genital or anal precancer or cancer may cause bleeding or a mass or have no symptoms. […] Warts cause no symptoms in many people but cause occasional burning pain, itching, or discomfort in some. […] If HPV causes precancer or cancer, it may cause no symptoms, or the infection can cause bleeding or a visible lesion or mass. Advanced cancer may cause other symptoms. […] Warts may grow more rapidly and spread more widely in pregnant women and in people who have a weakened immune system, such as those who have HIV infection.

• #3 HPV Symptoms Females: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

  https://www.lifecell.in/blog/health-check/symptoms-of-hpv-in-women-prevention-and-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOooh9FRgfvZTGUVtisjxgMxsNAid7ikfOc1lQqLc0_JwZdcVvl_i

  Symptoms of cervical cancer may not occur in its early stages; however, you may experience discomforts and symptoms in its advanced stages such as- Vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse, between periods or even after menopause. […] Pelvic pain followed by a heavy, watery bloody vaginal discharge that may also have a foul odour. […] Here are the different types of warts which may appear as HPV symptoms in females. Common warts are usually seen on the hands and fingers as raised bumps with rough edges. Sometimes, these may bleed or can be painful. Genital warts appear when HPV infect cells in the vagina, near the vulva or anus, which may often cause itching and soreness. […] Cervical precancerous cells caused by HPV can also be treated. But, its important to diagnose it early with routine Pap tests and follow-ups with doctors.

• #3 HPV and Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer

  HPV infection is common: Nearly all sexually active people are infected with HPV within months to a few years of becoming sexually active. Around half of these infections are with a high-risk HPV type. […] Most HPV infections go away on their own without causing cancer: Your immune system usually controls HPV infections so they are cleared by your body, within a year or two. […] High-risk HPV infections that persist can cause cancer: Sometimes HPV infections are not successfully controlled by your immune system. When a high-risk HPV infection persists for many years, it can lead to cell changes that, if untreated, may get worse over time and become precancerous and then cancerous. […] HPV can cause six types of cancer: These include anal cancer, cervical cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, penile cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer.

• #3 Persistence of human papillomavirus infections: keys to malignant progression

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3059725/

  Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the etiologic agents of cervical and other epithelial cancers. Persistence of infections by high-risk HPV types is the single greatest risk factor for malignant progression. […] Although progression to cancer is a rare event, the high prevalence of HPV infection makes HPV-related cancers, including cervical and other anogenital cancers, among the most common malignancies. […] It is estimated that over 450,000 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed each year making this the second most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. […] High-risk HPV infection is responsible for approximately 3,000 cases of anal cancer and over 3500 cases of oropharyngeal cancer annually in the United States. […] Approximately 10% of women fail to clear HPV infections, resulting in long-term persistent infections.

• #3 HPV (Human Papillomavirus): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11901-hpv-human-papilloma-virus

  HPV that affects your genitals doesnt usually cause symptoms. When symptoms do occur, the most common sign of the virus is warts in your genital area. Genital warts are rough, cauliflower-like lumps that grow on your skin. They may also appear like skin tags. They may appear weeks, months or even years after youve been infected with low-risk HPV. Genital warts are contagious (like all forms of HPV). They can also be itchy and very uncomfortable. […] High-risk forms of HPV often dont cause symptoms until theyve progressed to cancer. […] Certain strains of HPV (most often types 16 and 18) can cause changes in the cells of your cervix, a condition called cervical dysplasia. Left untreated, cervical dysplasia sometimes advances to cervical cancer. […] The virus itself doesnt turn into cancer. But high-risk strains of HPV infection can cause precancerous cell changes. These cell changes can eventually lead to cancer if they arent managed. This process, though, can take years or decades to happen. Screenings, like Pap smears, can help detect these precancerous cells before they turn to cancer.

• #3 HPV infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20351596

  HPV infections cause almost all cervical cancers. But cervical cancer may take 20 years or longer to develop after an HPV infection. The HPV infection and early cervical cancer typically don’t cause symptoms. […] Because early cervical cancer doesn’t cause symptoms, it’s vital that women have regular screening tests. These tests can find changes in the cervix that might lead to cancer. Current guidelines recommend that women ages 21 to 29 have a test that checks cervical cells for cancer, called a Pap test, every three years. […] If you or your child has any warts that cause embarrassment, discomfort or pain, seek advice from your healthcare professional.

• #3 Persistence of human papillomavirus infections: keys to malignant progression

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3059725/

  Persistence by HR HPV over long periods is the single most important risk factor for the development of cancer. […] It is therefore important to understand the biology of persistent HPV infections and examine the features of lesions that progress to cancers as opposed to those that do not. […] The life cycle of genital HPVs is closely linked to epithelial differentiation and extensive discussions of this process can be found elsewhere. […] HPV must actively suppress both innate and adaptive immune responses. […] Development of HPV-specific T-cell responses is repressed or delayed in HPV-infected patients, and this is more marked in HR as compared to LR infections. […] The persistent nature of HPV infections allows cellular genetic changes to accumulate over extended periods of time until a combination of genetic abnormalities has occurred allowing cancer to develop.

• #3 I have HPV. Now what? | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/i-have-hpv-now-what.h00-159698334.html

  Your immune system will attack the virus, and it will likely be gone within two years. […] Of the millions of cases of HPV diagnosed every year, only a small number become cancer. Most of those cases are cervical cancer; almost all cervical cancer cases are caused by the HPV virus. […] Other HPV-related cancers are rare. […] Making healthy lifestyle choices can give your body the best chance of clearing the virus. […] If you test positive for HPV and your Pap test is normal, your doctor will most likely recommend repeating the Pap and HPV screening exams in one year. […] If your second HPV test comes back positive, your doctor may recommend a colposcopy. […] If you test positive for HPV and your Pap test was abnormal, your doctor will probably follow up with a colposcopy. […] It’s possible that the virus was in your system for a long time before it was detected.

• #3

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer

  Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Persistent HPV infection of the cervix (the lower part of the uterus or womb, which opens into the vagina also called the birth canal) if left untreated, causes 95% of cervical cancers. […] Typically, it takes 15-20 years for abnormal cells to become cancer, but in women with weakened immune systems, such as untreated HIV, this process can be faster and take 5-10 years. […] Recognizing symptoms and seeking medical advice to address any concerns is a critical step. Women should see a healthcare professional if they notice: unusual bleeding between periods, after menopause, or after sexual intercourse; increased or foul-smelling vaginal discharge; symptoms like persistent pain in the back, legs, or pelvis; weight loss, fatigue and loss of appetite; vaginal discomfort; swelling in the legs.

• #3 What are the symptoms of HPV in women? Signs, testing, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hpv-symptoms-in-women

  Without treatment, high risk HPV may cause vaginal or vulvar cancer. Females may not experience any symptoms when they have precancerous cells or during the early stages of vaginal or vulvar cancer. […] Some symptoms of vaginal cancer include: bleeding after sex, unusual discharge, a lump in the vagina, pain while having sex. […] Some symptoms of vulvar cancer include: a patch of lighter or darker skin, a discolored lump or bump, thickening of the skin, itching, pain, bleeding, an open sore that does not heal within a month. […] However, if a person has high risk HPV, they may develop oropharyngeal cancer. […] Some symptoms of oropharyngeal cancer include: a persistent sore throat, earaches, hoarseness, swollen lymph nodes, pain when swallowing, unexplained weight loss. […] Most HPV infections clear within 2 years, but a person should always be mindful that HPV-related cancers only present with symptoms at advanced stages.

• #3 HPV in men: Symptoms, complications, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314567

  HPV is not cancer, but the HPV virus can cause changes in the body that may lead to cancer. Types of HPV that can lead to cancer are known as high risk, or oncogenic, HPV types. […] A doctor may not diagnose cancer for years after a person has HPV because the changes in the cells that have HPV build up very slowly. The immune system can successfully control HPV infections. However, when a high risk HPV infection persists for many years, it can lead to cell changes that worsen and become precancerous, and then cancerous. […] High risk HPV infections do not cause typically cause symptoms. However, depending on the site of infection, a person may notice symptoms such as lumps, bleeding, and pain. […] The symptoms of HPV-related anal cancer include: bleeding, discharge, pain, or itching of the anus; swelling of the lymph nodes in the anal or groin area; changes in bowel habits or the shape of stools.

• #3 HPV in men: Symptoms, complications, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314567

  Penile cancer can lead to: tissue changes on the penis, such as color, skin thickening, or tissue buildup; painful or painless sores or growths on the penis that might bleed. […] Cancer of the back of the throat can trigger: constant sore throat or ear pain; persistent coughing; trouble breathing or swallowing; weight loss; voice changes or hoarseness; lumps or growths in the neck.

• #3 HPV infection – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351602

  A healthcare professional might be able to diagnose HPV infection by looking at the warts. […] If genital warts don’t show, one or more of the following tests can find them: […] Warts often go away without treatment, particularly in children. But there’s no cure for the virus. So the warts can come back in the same place or other places. […] Medicines to get rid of warts usually go directly on the warts. These medicines might need to be used many times before the warts go away. […] If medicines don’t work, one of these methods can remove warts: […] A procedure called a colposcopy can remove HPV from the cervix. […] Precancerous lesions need to be removed. Options include freezing, called cryosurgery, and laser surgical removal. […] Don’t hesitate to ask all the questions you have about HPV infection.

• #3 HPV: Symptoms, Types, Transmission & Treatment – Tua Saúde

  https://www.tuasaude.com/en/hpv-symptoms-transmission-cure-and-treatment/

  HPV treatment should be guided by a doctor and consists of eliminating the warts caused by the virus. The main treatments available for HPV are: Ointments, creams or solutions: some creams, ointments or solutions, such as trichloroacetic acid, imiquimod and podophyllin; Cauterization: a treatment that burns lesions on the cervix, allowing for the growth of healthy cells; Cryotherapy: carried out in a doctor’s office, and consists of freezing the warts using liquid nitrogen, causing the lesions to fall off; Surgical removal: indicated when the lesions are resistant to conventional treatments or when there is an increased risk for cancer. […] HPV can only be cured when the immune system is strengthened and can naturally fight and eliminate the virus. […] Treatment with medication, surgery or cryotherapy can only eliminate the warts caused by HPV, but does not combat the virus. Therefore, even if the lesions disappear, the virus may still be present in the body and can be transmitted to other people. […] When lesions caused by HPV are not diagnosed and treated properly, this infection can cause complications and lead to cancer of the cervix, vagina, penis, mouth, throat or anus.

• #3 HPV Signs and Symptoms | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/hpv/hpv-signs-and-symptoms.html

  If HPV does cause symptoms, the symptoms will depend on which type it is cutaneous (affecting the skin) or mucosal (affecting the genitals, mouth, or throat). […] Cutaneous HPV types live on the skin. These types of HPV can cause warts on areas such as the arms, chest, hands, or feet. […] Low-risk mucosal HPVs can sometimes cause cauliflower-shaped warts around the genitals or anus. High-risk mucosal HPVs can eventually cause some types of cancer.

• #3 Human Papillomavirus Infection: Symptoms and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/human-papillomavirus-infection

  Most cases of HPV go away on their own, so theres no treatment for the infection itself. Instead, your doctor will likely want to have you come in for repeat testing in a year to see if the HPV infection persists and if any cell changes have developed that need further follow-up. […] Genital warts can be treated with prescription medications, burning with an electrical current, or freezing with liquid nitrogen. But, getting rid of the physical warts doesnt treat the virus itself, and the warts may return. […] Cervical changes that lead to cancer often take many years to develop, and HPV infections often go away on their own without causing cancer.

• #4 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Guide – Immunisation Coalition

  https://www.immunisationcoalition.org.au/resources/hpv-guide/

  Most HPV infections cause no symptoms and are cleared naturally from the body in one or two years. […] Low risk genital HPV types (including types 6 and 11) can cause genital warts. Genital warts do not cause cancer. Infections caused by these HPV types are usually cleared from the body within a short time. […] High risk types (including types 16 and 18) have a higher risk of significant cell changes which can progress to cancer if not discovered and treated. A further 11 types are classified as carcinogenic (types 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59) or probably carcinogenic (type 68). Infections with these HPV types remain in the body for a long time. HPV related cancers can take up to ten years to develop.

• #4 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/human-papillomavirus-hpv-infection

  The warts usually appear 1 to 6 months after infection with HPV, beginning as tiny, soft, moist, pink or gray growths. They grow rapidly and become rough, irregular bumps, which sometimes grow out from the skin on narrow stalks. Their rough surfaces make them look like a small cauliflower. Warts often grow in clusters. […] Many throat cancers are also caused by HPV. […] Persistent infection caused by some types of HPV can cause certain types of cancer.

• #4 About Genital HPV Infection | STI | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/about-genital-hpv-infection.html

  HPV often has no symptoms, but it can cause serious health problems, even without symptoms. […] Most people with HPV never develop symptoms or health problems from it. […] In most cases (9 out of 10), HPV goes away on its own within two years without health problems. When HPV does not go away, it can cause health problems like genital warts and cancer. […] Genital warts usually appear as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area. […] Genital warts can come back, even after treatment. […] Most people with HPV do not know they have the infection. They never develop symptoms or health problems from it. […] Some people find out they have HPV when they get genital warts. […] Others may only find out once they’ve developed more serious problems from HPV, such as cancers. […] HPV can cause cervical and other cancers, including cancer of the vulva, vagina, penis, or anus. […] Cancer often takes years, even decades, to develop after a person gets HPV.

• #4 HPV and Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer

  HPV infection is common: Nearly all sexually active people are infected with HPV within months to a few years of becoming sexually active. Around half of these infections are with a high-risk HPV type. […] Most HPV infections go away on their own without causing cancer: Your immune system usually controls HPV infections so they are cleared by your body, within a year or two. […] High-risk HPV infections that persist can cause cancer: Sometimes HPV infections are not successfully controlled by your immune system. When a high-risk HPV infection persists for many years, it can lead to cell changes that, if untreated, may get worse over time and become precancerous and then cancerous. […] HPV can cause six types of cancer: These include anal cancer, cervical cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, penile cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer.

• #4 Persistence of human papillomavirus infections: keys to malignant progression

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3059725/

  Persistence by HR HPV over long periods is the single most important risk factor for the development of cancer. […] It is therefore important to understand the biology of persistent HPV infections and examine the features of lesions that progress to cancers as opposed to those that do not. […] The life cycle of genital HPVs is closely linked to epithelial differentiation and extensive discussions of this process can be found elsewhere. […] HPV must actively suppress both innate and adaptive immune responses. […] Development of HPV-specific T-cell responses is repressed or delayed in HPV-infected patients, and this is more marked in HR as compared to LR infections. […] The persistent nature of HPV infections allows cellular genetic changes to accumulate over extended periods of time until a combination of genetic abnormalities has occurred allowing cancer to develop.

• #4

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer

  Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Persistent HPV infection of the cervix (the lower part of the uterus or womb, which opens into the vagina also called the birth canal) if left untreated, causes 95% of cervical cancers. […] Typically, it takes 15-20 years for abnormal cells to become cancer, but in women with weakened immune systems, such as untreated HIV, this process can be faster and take 5-10 years. […] Recognizing symptoms and seeking medical advice to address any concerns is a critical step. Women should see a healthcare professional if they notice: unusual bleeding between periods, after menopause, or after sexual intercourse; increased or foul-smelling vaginal discharge; symptoms like persistent pain in the back, legs, or pelvis; weight loss, fatigue and loss of appetite; vaginal discomfort; swelling in the legs.

• #4 HPV infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20351596

  HPV infections cause almost all cervical cancers. But cervical cancer may take 20 years or longer to develop after an HPV infection. The HPV infection and early cervical cancer typically don’t cause symptoms. […] Because early cervical cancer doesn’t cause symptoms, it’s vital that women have regular screening tests. These tests can find changes in the cervix that might lead to cancer. Current guidelines recommend that women ages 21 to 29 have a test that checks cervical cells for cancer, called a Pap test, every three years. […] If you or your child has any warts that cause embarrassment, discomfort or pain, seek advice from your healthcare professional.

• #4 HPV – Human Papillomavirus | STD | CU OB-GYN | Denver, CO

  https://obgyn.coloradowomenshealth.com/health-info/stds/hpv

  Symptoms of HPV include genital warts, which appear as a bump or bumps in the genital area. Warts can appear weeks or months after sexual contact with an infected person. […] If left untreated, HPV warts may go away on their own, or they may increase in size. Genital warts will not turn into cancer. […] Other types of HPV may lead to cervical or other forms of cancer. Most cervical cancers do not have symptoms until the disease is advanced. This is why its important for women to have annual screening tests for the infection. With early detection, HPV can be treated before it turns to cancer.

• #4 3 Telltale Symptoms of HPV: OB-GYN Associates of Marietta: Obstetrics and Gynecologist

  https://www.obgynassociatesmarietta.com/blog/3-telltale-symptoms-of-hpv

  Genital warts most often develop on the vulva. They may also appear near the anus, on the cervix, or inside the vagina. Genital warts are painless most of the time, but they can be itchy or tender. […] Pelvic pain is very common in women, and it has many possible causes. But if you experience pelvic pain and you have an HPV infection, it could be a warning sign of cancer. […] Changes in your menstrual cycle or unusual vaginal discharge could also indicate cancer caused by HPV. Schedule a gynecology appointment if you notice: […] Along with abnormal vaginal bleeding, you might experience unusual vaginal discharge between periods. This discharge may appear watery or bloody, and it may have a foul odor. […] HPV is the leading cause of cervical cancer in women. While theres no cure for the HPV virus itself, theres a lot you can do to lower your risk of cancer and other health complications.

• #4 What are the symptoms of HPV in women? Signs, testing, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hpv-symptoms-in-women

  Without treatment, high risk HPV may cause vaginal or vulvar cancer. Females may not experience any symptoms when they have precancerous cells or during the early stages of vaginal or vulvar cancer. […] Some symptoms of vaginal cancer include: bleeding after sex, unusual discharge, a lump in the vagina, pain while having sex. […] Some symptoms of vulvar cancer include: a patch of lighter or darker skin, a discolored lump or bump, thickening of the skin, itching, pain, bleeding, an open sore that does not heal within a month. […] However, if a person has high risk HPV, they may develop oropharyngeal cancer. […] Some symptoms of oropharyngeal cancer include: a persistent sore throat, earaches, hoarseness, swollen lymph nodes, pain when swallowing, unexplained weight loss. […] Most HPV infections clear within 2 years, but a person should always be mindful that HPV-related cancers only present with symptoms at advanced stages.

• #4 HPV in men: Symptoms, complications, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314567

  HPV is not cancer, but the HPV virus can cause changes in the body that may lead to cancer. Types of HPV that can lead to cancer are known as high risk, or oncogenic, HPV types. […] A doctor may not diagnose cancer for years after a person has HPV because the changes in the cells that have HPV build up very slowly. The immune system can successfully control HPV infections. However, when a high risk HPV infection persists for many years, it can lead to cell changes that worsen and become precancerous, and then cancerous. […] High risk HPV infections do not cause typically cause symptoms. However, depending on the site of infection, a person may notice symptoms such as lumps, bleeding, and pain. […] The symptoms of HPV-related anal cancer include: bleeding, discharge, pain, or itching of the anus; swelling of the lymph nodes in the anal or groin area; changes in bowel habits or the shape of stools.

• #4 HPV in men: Symptoms, complications, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314567

  Penile cancer can lead to: tissue changes on the penis, such as color, skin thickening, or tissue buildup; painful or painless sores or growths on the penis that might bleed. […] Cancer of the back of the throat can trigger: constant sore throat or ear pain; persistent coughing; trouble breathing or swallowing; weight loss; voice changes or hoarseness; lumps or growths in the neck.

• #4 Human Papillomavirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448132/

  The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a non-enveloped, double-stranded, circular DNA virus that is responsible for causing multiple epithelial lesions and cancers. It can manifest as cutaneous and anogenital warts, which depending on the subtype, may progress to carcinoma. […] The majority of HPV infections are latent, and most clinical lesions present as warts rather than a malignancy. […] HPV has been implicated as a cause of laryngeal, oral, lung, and anogenital cancer. Subtypes 6 and 11 are low risk and usually present with the formation of condylomata and low-grade precancerous lesions. HPV subtypes 16 and 18 are high risk and are responsible for high-grade intraepithelial lesions that progress to malignancies. […] The prognosis after an HPV infection is good, but recurrences are common. Even though there are many treatments for warts, none works well, and most patients require repeated treatments. The HPV infection can also result in vulvar intraepithelial dysplasia, cervical dysplasia, and cervical cancer. Some women remain at high risk for developing vaginal and anal cancer. The risk of malignant transformation is highest in immunocompromised individuals. […] The biggest concern with genital warts is the risk of cervical cancer. HPV is also known to be associated with anal and head and neck cancers. Individuals who are immunocompromised are also at risk for developing dysplasia or cancer of the vagina and vulva.

• #4 HPV infection – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351602

  A healthcare professional might be able to diagnose HPV infection by looking at the warts. […] If genital warts don’t show, one or more of the following tests can find them: […] Warts often go away without treatment, particularly in children. But there’s no cure for the virus. So the warts can come back in the same place or other places. […] Medicines to get rid of warts usually go directly on the warts. These medicines might need to be used many times before the warts go away. […] If medicines don’t work, one of these methods can remove warts: […] A procedure called a colposcopy can remove HPV from the cervix. […] Precancerous lesions need to be removed. Options include freezing, called cryosurgery, and laser surgical removal. […] Don’t hesitate to ask all the questions you have about HPV infection.

• #4 Human Papillomavirus Infection: Symptoms and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/human-papillomavirus-infection

  Most cases of HPV go away on their own, so theres no treatment for the infection itself. Instead, your doctor will likely want to have you come in for repeat testing in a year to see if the HPV infection persists and if any cell changes have developed that need further follow-up. […] Genital warts can be treated with prescription medications, burning with an electrical current, or freezing with liquid nitrogen. But, getting rid of the physical warts doesnt treat the virus itself, and the warts may return. […] Cervical changes that lead to cancer often take many years to develop, and HPV infections often go away on their own without causing cancer.

• #4 Genital Warts (HPV) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/genital-warts.html

  People with genital warts definitely can spread HPV. But even after the warts are gone, HPV might still be active in the body. That means it can spread to someone else through sex or close sexual contact and cause warts in that person. It’s hard to know when people are no longer contagious, because there’s no blood test that looks for HPV. […] Most of the time, HPV is gone within 2 years of when someone was infected.

• #5 About Genital HPV Infection | STI | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/about-genital-hpv-infection.html

  HPV often has no symptoms, but it can cause serious health problems, even without symptoms. […] Most people with HPV never develop symptoms or health problems from it. […] In most cases (9 out of 10), HPV goes away on its own within two years without health problems. When HPV does not go away, it can cause health problems like genital warts and cancer. […] Genital warts usually appear as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area. […] Genital warts can come back, even after treatment. […] Most people with HPV do not know they have the infection. They never develop symptoms or health problems from it. […] Some people find out they have HPV when they get genital warts. […] Others may only find out once they’ve developed more serious problems from HPV, such as cancers. […] HPV can cause cervical and other cancers, including cancer of the vulva, vagina, penis, or anus. […] Cancer often takes years, even decades, to develop after a person gets HPV.

• #5 Human papillomavirus (HPV): Symptoms and treatment – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/human-papillomavirus-hpv.html

  Anogenital warts are caused by certain low-risk HPV types. Low-risk HPV types have little risk of causing cancer. […] Anogenital warts are a type of growth that can appear in the anal and genital area. They’re usually skin-coloured, brown or pink, and may cause itching, discomfort or bleeding. […] Most HPV infections go away without treatment within a couple of years. […] Treatments are available for anogenital warts or pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions. […] Screening can find abnormal cells, allowing professionals to treat them before cancer develops. If screening finds cervical cancer early, treatments are generally very successful. […] The majority of anogenital warts will resolve over time, but there are treatments available to remove them.

• #5 HPV and Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer

  Infection with low-risk HPV may cause warts on or around the genitals, anus, mouth, or throat. […] Infection with high-risk HPV does not cause symptoms. However, depending on the site of infection, the precancers and cancers caused by a high-risk HPV infection that persists for many years may cause symptoms such as lumps, bleeding, and pain. […] HPV infection causes cells to undergo changes. If not treated these cells can, over time, become cancer cells. […] Research has found that it can take 5 to 10 years for HPV-infected cervical cells to develop into precancers and about 20 years to develop into cancer.

• #5 Persistence of human papillomavirus infections: keys to malignant progression

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3059725/

  Persistence by HR HPV over long periods is the single most important risk factor for the development of cancer. […] It is therefore important to understand the biology of persistent HPV infections and examine the features of lesions that progress to cancers as opposed to those that do not. […] The life cycle of genital HPVs is closely linked to epithelial differentiation and extensive discussions of this process can be found elsewhere. […] HPV must actively suppress both innate and adaptive immune responses. […] Development of HPV-specific T-cell responses is repressed or delayed in HPV-infected patients, and this is more marked in HR as compared to LR infections. […] The persistent nature of HPV infections allows cellular genetic changes to accumulate over extended periods of time until a combination of genetic abnormalities has occurred allowing cancer to develop.

• #5 Persistence of human papillomavirus infections: keys to malignant progression

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3059725/

  Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the etiologic agents of cervical and other epithelial cancers. Persistence of infections by high-risk HPV types is the single greatest risk factor for malignant progression. […] Although progression to cancer is a rare event, the high prevalence of HPV infection makes HPV-related cancers, including cervical and other anogenital cancers, among the most common malignancies. […] It is estimated that over 450,000 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed each year making this the second most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. […] High-risk HPV infection is responsible for approximately 3,000 cases of anal cancer and over 3500 cases of oropharyngeal cancer annually in the United States. […] Approximately 10% of women fail to clear HPV infections, resulting in long-term persistent infections.

• #5 What are the symptoms of HPV in women? Signs, testing, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hpv-symptoms-in-women

  HPV often causes no symptoms. However, HPV symptoms in females may include warts on the cervix, vulvar, and vagina, as well as the anus. It can also increase the risk of throat cancer in males and females. […] HPV infections usually clear from the body within 2 years. However, if certain HPV strains persist over several years, they may induce cell changes that cause cancer. […] High risk HPV usually presents with no initial symptoms. However, if the virus remains within the body for many years, infected cells can change and begin to divide uncontrollably. This would result in cancer. […] The presence of early cervical cancer or precancerous cells may not cause any symptoms. […] Some symptoms of advanced cervical cancer include: pain during sex, pain in the pelvic region, unusual discharge from the vagina, unusual bleeding, such as after sex.

• #5 What are the symptoms of HPV in women? Signs, testing, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hpv-symptoms-in-women

  Without treatment, high risk HPV may cause vaginal or vulvar cancer. Females may not experience any symptoms when they have precancerous cells or during the early stages of vaginal or vulvar cancer. […] Some symptoms of vaginal cancer include: bleeding after sex, unusual discharge, a lump in the vagina, pain while having sex. […] Some symptoms of vulvar cancer include: a patch of lighter or darker skin, a discolored lump or bump, thickening of the skin, itching, pain, bleeding, an open sore that does not heal within a month. […] However, if a person has high risk HPV, they may develop oropharyngeal cancer. […] Some symptoms of oropharyngeal cancer include: a persistent sore throat, earaches, hoarseness, swollen lymph nodes, pain when swallowing, unexplained weight loss. […] Most HPV infections clear within 2 years, but a person should always be mindful that HPV-related cancers only present with symptoms at advanced stages.

• #5 HPV in men: Symptoms, complications, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314567

  Penile cancer can lead to: tissue changes on the penis, such as color, skin thickening, or tissue buildup; painful or painless sores or growths on the penis that might bleed. […] Cancer of the back of the throat can trigger: constant sore throat or ear pain; persistent coughing; trouble breathing or swallowing; weight loss; voice changes or hoarseness; lumps or growths in the neck.

• #5

  https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/factsheets/Pages/human-papillomavirus.aspx

  Not all types of HPV will cause visible symptoms. […] Symptoms may include: lumps, pain or itching in the genital or anal area […] unusual vaginal or anal bleeding. […] There is no cure for HPV infection. Most people will naturally clear the virus from the body within 1-2 years.

• #5 Human papillomavirus

  https://womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/human-papillomavirus

  Most people with HPV do not have any symptoms. […] Another way to tell if you have an HPV infection is if you have genital warts. Genital warts usually appear as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area. They can be small or large, raised or flat, or shaped like a cauliflower. […] HPV usually goes away on its own and does not cause any health problems. But when HPV does not go away, it can cause health problems including: cervical cancer, other genital cancers (such as cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, or anus), oropharyngeal cancer (cancer of the back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils), genital warts, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (a rare condition that causes warts to grow in the respiratory tract). […] Yes. You can have HPV but still have a normal Pap test. Changes on your cervix might not show up right away; or they might never appear. […] Yes. There are many types of HPV, so you can get it again.

• #6

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-papilloma-virus-and-cancer

  Most people will not have any symptoms from an HPV infection. The immune system usually clears HPV from the body within a year or two with no lasting effects. […] Some HPV infections cause small rough lumps (genital warts) that can appear on the vagina, penis or anus and rarely the throat. They may be painful, itchy or bleed or cause swollen glands. […] HPV infection that does not go away on its own can cause changes to cervical cells, which lead to precancers that may become cervical cancer if left untreated. It usually takes 15-20 years for cervical cancer to develop after HPV infection. […] The early changes in cervical cells and precancers mostly do not cause symptoms. Symptoms of cervical cancer may include bleeding between periods or after sexual intercourse or a foul-smelling vaginal discharge. These symptoms may be due to other diseases. People with these symptoms should speak to their healthcare provider.

• #6 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/human-papillomavirus-hpv-infection

  Human papillomavirus (HPV) can be sexually transmitted and causes changes in cells, which can lead to genital warts or to precancer or cancer of the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus, or throat. […] Genital warts are visible skin lesions that sometimes cause burning pain; genital or anal precancer or cancer may cause bleeding or a mass or have no symptoms. […] Warts cause no symptoms in many people but cause occasional burning pain, itching, or discomfort in some. […] If HPV causes precancer or cancer, it may cause no symptoms, or the infection can cause bleeding or a visible lesion or mass. Advanced cancer may cause other symptoms. […] Warts may grow more rapidly and spread more widely in pregnant women and in people who have a weakened immune system, such as those who have HIV infection.

• #6 HPV and Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer

  Infection with low-risk HPV may cause warts on or around the genitals, anus, mouth, or throat. […] Infection with high-risk HPV does not cause symptoms. However, depending on the site of infection, the precancers and cancers caused by a high-risk HPV infection that persists for many years may cause symptoms such as lumps, bleeding, and pain. […] HPV infection causes cells to undergo changes. If not treated these cells can, over time, become cancer cells. […] Research has found that it can take 5 to 10 years for HPV-infected cervical cells to develop into precancers and about 20 years to develop into cancer.

• #6 Everything you need to know about HPV

  https://www.lompocvmc.com/blogs/2023/may/everything-you-need-to-know-about-hpv/

  According to the CDC, most people who have an HPV infection are entirely unaware that they have the infection. This is because most people will never even develop symptoms of HPV or any related health conditions. […] If you do have symptoms of HPV, it may be from a genital wart. A genital wart caused by HPV may trigger symptoms such as itching, scratching, friction, burning or pain in the area of the lesion. […] Other signs of HPV may include an abnormal Pap smear (this is a test used to detect cervical cancer). You may experience some spotting or bleeding outside of your menstrual period if HPV has caused changes to your cervix. […] Unlike other STIs, HPV does not cause symptoms such as burning with urination, or vaginal or penile discharge. However, it is possible to be co-infected with HPV and another virus that causes these symptoms–in other words, it’s possible to have more than one sexually transmitted infection at a time. Having human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HPV can make you more vulnerable to developing health consequences from HPV because your immune system will be less likely to clear the virus on its own.

• #6

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer

  Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Persistent HPV infection of the cervix (the lower part of the uterus or womb, which opens into the vagina also called the birth canal) if left untreated, causes 95% of cervical cancers. […] Typically, it takes 15-20 years for abnormal cells to become cancer, but in women with weakened immune systems, such as untreated HIV, this process can be faster and take 5-10 years. […] Recognizing symptoms and seeking medical advice to address any concerns is a critical step. Women should see a healthcare professional if they notice: unusual bleeding between periods, after menopause, or after sexual intercourse; increased or foul-smelling vaginal discharge; symptoms like persistent pain in the back, legs, or pelvis; weight loss, fatigue and loss of appetite; vaginal discomfort; swelling in the legs.

• #6 HPV in men: Symptoms, complications, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314567

  Penile cancer can lead to: tissue changes on the penis, such as color, skin thickening, or tissue buildup; painful or painless sores or growths on the penis that might bleed. […] Cancer of the back of the throat can trigger: constant sore throat or ear pain; persistent coughing; trouble breathing or swallowing; weight loss; voice changes or hoarseness; lumps or growths in the neck.

• #6 Human Papillomavirus Infection: Symptoms and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/human-papillomavirus-infection

  Most cases of HPV go away on their own, so theres no treatment for the infection itself. Instead, your doctor will likely want to have you come in for repeat testing in a year to see if the HPV infection persists and if any cell changes have developed that need further follow-up. […] Genital warts can be treated with prescription medications, burning with an electrical current, or freezing with liquid nitrogen. But, getting rid of the physical warts doesnt treat the virus itself, and the warts may return. […] Cervical changes that lead to cancer often take many years to develop, and HPV infections often go away on their own without causing cancer.

• #7 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/human-papillomavirus-hpv-infection

  Human papillomavirus (HPV) can be sexually transmitted and causes changes in cells, which can lead to genital warts or to precancer or cancer of the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus, or throat. […] Genital warts are visible skin lesions that sometimes cause burning pain; genital or anal precancer or cancer may cause bleeding or a mass or have no symptoms. […] Warts cause no symptoms in many people but cause occasional burning pain, itching, or discomfort in some. […] If HPV causes precancer or cancer, it may cause no symptoms, or the infection can cause bleeding or a visible lesion or mass. Advanced cancer may cause other symptoms. […] Warts may grow more rapidly and spread more widely in pregnant women and in people who have a weakened immune system, such as those who have HIV infection.

• #7 Symptoms of an HPV infection | Most Common Are Genital Warts

  https://www.hpv.org.nz/Human-Papillomavirus-hpv-symptoms/symptoms-hpv-infection

  The most common symptom of an HPV infection is genital warts. In some cases, HPV can also lead to cervical cell changes. […] Most people have an HPV infection and are not aware of it because it is subclinical, i.e. invisible to the naked eye. It is also possible that some people may have genital warts without knowing it, as some warts may be hard to see. […] The period between contracting the HPV virus type that causes warts and seeing the developed warts, varies so this can make it impossible to know when you were infected. Often, HPV warts will appear three to six months after sexual relations with an infected person; or they may never appear. Likewise, the interval between an infection with HPV and changes to cervical cells can vary from months to decades. The delay of these symptoms makes it hard to know exactly when or from whom you got the HPV virus. […] Evidence suggests that the majority of individuals who have ever been sexually active experience one or more genital HPV infections during their lifetime. Most HPV infections clear spontaneously.

• #7

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer

  Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Persistent HPV infection of the cervix (the lower part of the uterus or womb, which opens into the vagina also called the birth canal) if left untreated, causes 95% of cervical cancers. […] Typically, it takes 15-20 years for abnormal cells to become cancer, but in women with weakened immune systems, such as untreated HIV, this process can be faster and take 5-10 years. […] Recognizing symptoms and seeking medical advice to address any concerns is a critical step. Women should see a healthcare professional if they notice: unusual bleeding between periods, after menopause, or after sexual intercourse; increased or foul-smelling vaginal discharge; symptoms like persistent pain in the back, legs, or pelvis; weight loss, fatigue and loss of appetite; vaginal discomfort; swelling in the legs.

• #7 HPV in men: Symptoms, complications, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314567

  Penile cancer can lead to: tissue changes on the penis, such as color, skin thickening, or tissue buildup; painful or painless sores or growths on the penis that might bleed. […] Cancer of the back of the throat can trigger: constant sore throat or ear pain; persistent coughing; trouble breathing or swallowing; weight loss; voice changes or hoarseness; lumps or growths in the neck.

• #8

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer

  Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Persistent HPV infection of the cervix (the lower part of the uterus or womb, which opens into the vagina also called the birth canal) if left untreated, causes 95% of cervical cancers. […] Typically, it takes 15-20 years for abnormal cells to become cancer, but in women with weakened immune systems, such as untreated HIV, this process can be faster and take 5-10 years. […] Recognizing symptoms and seeking medical advice to address any concerns is a critical step. Women should see a healthcare professional if they notice: unusual bleeding between periods, after menopause, or after sexual intercourse; increased or foul-smelling vaginal discharge; symptoms like persistent pain in the back, legs, or pelvis; weight loss, fatigue and loss of appetite; vaginal discomfort; swelling in the legs.

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