Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Respiratory tract infections (RTIs)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/respiratory-tract-infection/

  Most respiratory tract infections (RTIs) pass within 1 to 2 weeks. You can usually treat your symptoms at home. […] A pharmacist can suggest treatments to help relieve your symptoms, such as decongestants and nasal sprays. […] Treatment for a respiratory tract infection (RTI) will depend on the cause of your infection. […] If your RTI is caused by a virus (like the common cold), it will usually clear up by itself after a few weeks. Antibiotics will not help. […] If your RTI is caused by bacteria (like pneumonia), a GP may prescribe antibiotics. Make sure you complete the whole course as advised by a GP, even if you start to feel better. […] Antibiotics are only used to treat bacterial infections. They’re not used for treating viral infections because they do not work for this type of infection.

• #2 Respiratory Tract Infections – Antibiotic Prescribing – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53632/

  Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is defined as any infectious disease of the upper or lower respiratory tract. Antibiotics are commonly prescribed for RTIs in adults and children in primary care. RTIs are the reason for 60% of all antibiotic prescribing in general practice, and this constitutes a significant cost to the NHS. […] There is evidence from randomised placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) that antibiotics have limited efficacy in treating a large proportion of RTIs in adults and children. The inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics has the potential to cause drug-related adverse events, escalate the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms in the community and increase primary care consultation rates for minor illness. […] NICE clinical guidelines are recommendations about the treatment and care of people with specific diseases and conditions in the NHS in England and Wales.

• #3 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Medication: Penicillins, Natural, Penicillins, Amino, Cephalosporins, First Generation, Cephalosporins, Second Generation, Cephalosporins, Third Generation, Macrolides, Analgesics, Other, NSAIDs, Anticholinergics, Respira

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/302460-medication

  Therapy addressing specific symptoms is the mainstay for most upper respiratory infections (URIs). Most URIs are self-limited viral infections that resolve without prescription drugs. […] Recognizing viral and bacterial diseases for which specific therapy is available is important. Awareness of local trends in prevalent organisms and local resistance patterns is key. Antibacterial therapy is appropriate for patients with any of the following: Group A streptococcal pharyngitis, Bacterial sinusitis, Epiglottitis, Pertussis, Diphtheria. […] Antibiotics used in group A streptococcal infection are as follows: Penicillin VK (Penicillin V), Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Moxatag, Trimox), Penicillin G benzathine (Bicillin LA, Permapen), Cefadroxil (Duricef), Erythromycin (E.E.S., Erythrocin, E-Mycin, Eryc), Amoxicillin and clavulanate (Augmentin, Augmentin XR), Cefaclor (Ceclor), Cefuroxime (Ceftin), Ceftriaxone (Rocephin), Azithromycin (Zithromax).

• #4 The Medical Letter Home Page | The Medical Letter, Inc.

  https://secure.medicalletter.org/TML-article-1674a

  Most respiratory tract infections are caused by viruses. Bacterial respiratory tract infections are usually treated empirically with antibiotic therapy that targets the most probable causative pathogens. Recommended antibiotic regimens for outpatient treatment of some common respiratory tract infections are listed in Table 1 for adults and Table 2 for children. […] Patients who test positive for GAS should be treated with a 10-day course of penicillin or amoxicillin. Those with a non-IgE-mediated allergy to penicillin can be treated with a first-generation cephalosporin such as cephalexin; the risk of cross-reactivity with penicillins and cephalosporins is low. Clindamycin or a macrolide such as azithromycin can be used in patients with a severe penicillin allergy, but 20% of GAS pharyngeal isolates may be resistant to these drugs.

• #5 Upper Respiratory Infection: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4022-upper-respiratory-infection

  Symptoms of upper respiratory infections can include: Fever, Sore throat, Cough, Runny or stuffy nose, Sneezing, Hoarse voice or loss of voice, Fatigue, Facial pain, Wheezing, Swollen lymph nodes. […] Treatment for upper respiratory infections depends on the cause. There arent any specific treatments for most viral URIs, like colds. Providers treat bacterial infections, like strep throat, with antibiotics. […] Most of the time, no. Antibiotics dont work on viruses, the cause of most URIs. You only need antibiotics if your provider diagnoses you with a bacterial infection, like strep throat.

• #6 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Epiglottitis, Laryngotracheitis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/302460-treatment

  Pertussis (whooping cough) infection warrants treatment with a macrolide antibiotic. […] Special attention is warranted in patients with suboptimal immune defenses, for reasons including the following: Lack of a spleen: Lowers resistance to infection with encapsulated bacteria, HIV infection, Cancer or cancer therapy, Dialysis, Stem cell or organ transplantation, Congenital immunodeficiency. […] Appropriate antimicrobial therapy and close follow-up may be appropriate, because a simple URI may quickly progress to a systemic illness in immunocompromised patients. […] Deep tissue infections of adjacent structures, such as a peritonsillar, oropharyngeal, intraorbital, or intracranial abscess, warrant hospitalization and immediate consultation with a surgeon. […] The following home-care measures may help to provide relief of nasal and sinus symptoms: Warm, moist air, Nasal saline, Hydration, Warm facial packs, Bulb suction (for infants), Avoidance of nasal irritants.

• #7 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Epiglottitis, Laryngotracheitis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/302460-treatment

  Treatment of an uncomplicated URI is focused on specific measures to reduce symptoms, including use of oral or topical decongestants, ipratropium bromide, antihistamines, topical and systemic steroids, saline nasal drops, guaifenesin, topical phenol or lidocaine, and cromolyn. […] Fever may be physiologically helpful in eliminating pathogens from the body. […] Acetaminophen, rather than aspirin, is recommended for the relief of fever, sore throat, myalgias, facial pain, and other uncomfortable sensations in pediatric patients because aspirin is associated with Reye syndrome. […] Complementary and alternative therapies and folk remedies are used by some to prevent URIs. Common choices include zinc, echinacea preparations, and vitamin C. However, conclusive evidence that these strategies reduce URI infection is inconsistent.

• #8 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Medication: Penicillins, Natural, Penicillins, Amino, Cephalosporins, First Generation, Cephalosporins, Second Generation, Cephalosporins, Third Generation, Macrolides, Analgesics, Other, NSAIDs, Anticholinergics, Respira

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/302460-medication

  Patients with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection or gonococcal upper airway disease also benefit from specific treatment. In immunocompromised patients, treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and cytomegalovirus infections may be appropriate, especially if lower airway disease is suspected. […] In general, antivirals do not provide clinical benefits in persons with viral pharyngitis. However, in patients who are immunocompromised, antivirals have a role in treating illness that might progress. Acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir are recommended for patients with severe HSV pharyngitis and for immunocompromised patients. […] Cough and cold medicines should be used with caution in children younger than 2 years because serious adverse reactions and fatalities have occurred with over-the-counter preparations.

• #9 Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI) Treatment Options | Temple Health

  https://www.templehealth.org/services/conditions/lower-respiratory-tract-infections/treatment-options

  Many lower respiratory infections (LRTIs) are self-limited and resolve without the need for additional treatment. There is no universal treatment for all LRTIs, so if you do need treatment, your doctor will choose treatments that best address the symptoms you are experiencing. […] Since most LRTIs are viral, medications are generally not used in treatment. However, certain over-the-counter medicines may provide some relief from symptoms: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, naproxen, or aspirin can relieve pain and fever […] If an LRTI is bacterial, antibiotics may be prescribed, depending on how serious the infection is and your overall health. These treat the bacterial cause of the infection. […] In the case of serious LRTIs, treatment in a hospital may be necessary. Treatments for LRTIs in the hospital may include: Intravenous fluids, Humidified oxygen, Ventilation support, i.e., high flow oxygen, CPAP, BiPAP or mechanical ventilation, if severe respiratory insufficiency develops.

• #10 New treatments for viral respiratory tract infections—opportunities and problems

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7110210/

  Viruses are the most common cause of respiratory tract infections (RTIs), yet in contrast to the plethora of antibiotics available for the treatment of bacterial RTI, until very recently only three agents were widely approved for the treatment of viral RTIs: amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A, and ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and amantadine was first marketed in 1966. […] In 1999 the novel anti-influenza agents, zanamivir and oseltamivir, were launched. […] With several new therapies for viral RTIs in late stages of clinical development, now is perhaps an appropriate time to take stock of the situation. […] The only approved therapy for established RSV infection is the nucleoside antiviral, ribavirin. […] A series of clinical trials and ancillary studies established the safety and tolerability of this agent when administered by nebulization, and suggested efficacy in improving clinical signs, oxygen saturation, and duration and severity of the illness.

• #11 New treatments for viral respiratory tract infections—opportunities and problems

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7110210/

  However, most of these studies were small, and their design and the relevance of the clinical effects seen have been questioned. […] Ribavirin therapy is expensive and inconvenient (current recommendations are to nebulize for 12-18 h daily, although studies have shown equivalent effects from a higher-dose, shorter-duration administration). […] Its use should probably be restricted to high-risk infants with pre-existing cardiopulmonary disorders or immune deficiencies. […] Several ribavirin analogues have been shown to inhibit RSV replication in vitro, but in vivo studies have not been reported. […] -Interferon has been shown to have modest beneficial effects on the course of RSV infection when given intramuscularly or as an aerosol, but this mode of therapy does not seem to have been pursued.

• #12 New treatments for viral respiratory tract infections—opportunities and problems

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7110210/

  Several other novel agents are at an early stage of development, including a nebulized antisense oligonucleotide (NIH 315) and a number of compounds that interact with the viral F protein and inhibit fusion with the host cell, including the biphenyl derivative CL-387626 (Wyeth-Ayerst), VP14637 (Viropharma) and a RhoA-derived peptide.

• #13 Respiratory Infections Tests and Diagnostics

  https://www.biomerieux.com/corp/en/our-offer/point-of-care/patient-condition/respiratory-infections-tests-and-diagnostics.html

  Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) affect one or more anatomical regions: ears (otitis), sinuses (sinusitis), throat (angina), and nasopharynx (nasopharyngitis). […] URTIs are very common and are usually caused by viruses that heal without antibiotic treatment. In this case, the antibiotics have no effect, are unnecessary, or even harmful. Treatment then relies on relieving the patient’s symptoms. […] However, it is recommended to prescribe an appropriate antibiotic in certain clinical situations suggesting a bacterial infection. This is the case of acute purulent otitis media, certain sinusitis, and certain tonsillitis such as, for example, streptococcal angina. […] First-line antibiotics are often effective in treating patients with exacerbated chronic bronchitis or pneumonia, the underlying cause is usually bacterial. However, antibiotics are not effective for lower respiratory tract infections caused by a virus.

• #14 The Medical Letter Home Page | The Medical Letter, Inc.

  https://secure.medicalletter.org/TML-article-1674a

  Amoxicillin/clavulanate is the antibiotic of choice for empiric treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis in adults and children; addition of clavulanate to amoxicillin improves its activity against beta-lactamase-producing organisms (e.g., H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis). […] Antimicrobial therapy can shorten the duration of AOM symptoms and prevent complications, but severe symptoms generally last only a few days and most infections in children resolve without treatment. […] Guidelines for treatment of AOM in children, which were last published in 2013, recommended high-dose amoxicillin (90 mg/kg/day) for initial treatment in most children. […] Amoxicillin/clavulanate is the antibiotic of choice for adults; a high dose (2000/125 mg bid) is recommended for those who are at increased risk of infection with a resistant strain of S. pneumoniae (e.g., recent antibiotic use or hospitalization, 65 years old, immunocompromised).

• #15 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Epiglottitis, Laryngotracheitis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/302460-treatment

  Acute maxillary-and-ethmoid bacterial rhinosinusitis in immunocompetent adults diagnosed in the outpatient setting is most often related to uncomplicated viral URIs. […] The 2012 Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) guidelines on sinusitis recommend considering treatment if symptoms persist without improvement for 10 days or longer or if symptoms are severe or worsen during a period of 3-4 days or longer. […] First-line antibiotics for 5-7 days are appropriate in most adults; 2012 IDSA guidelines recommend 10-14 days of treatment in children. […] For such patients, second-line antibiotics for 7-10 days is recommended. […] Oral penicillin or amoxicillin for 10 days is recommended for group A streptococcal pharyngitis in patients without an allergy to penicillin. […] Specific therapies are available for gonococcal and herpes simplex virus (HSV) pharyngitis.

• #16 The Medical Letter Home Page | The Medical Letter, Inc.

  https://secure.medicalletter.org/TML-article-1674a

  Acute bronchitis in otherwise healthy persons is usually viral. Symptoms are caused by inflammation and are self-limited. Antibiotic treatment is not recommended. […] For outpatient treatment of CAP in adults with comorbidities (chronic heart, lung, liver or renal disease, diabetes, alcoholism, malignancy, or asplenia), an oral beta-lactam (amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefpodoxime, or cefuroxime) and either a macrolide (azithromycin, clarithromycin) or doxycycline is recommended. Monotherapy with an oral fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin or moxifloxacin) is an alternative. […] Antibiotic treatment for CAP should be continued until clinical stability is achieved (usually within 48-72 hours) and for at least 5 days. Short courses of treatment (5-7 days) appear to be similar in efficacy to longer courses (8-10 days).

• #17 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Medication: Penicillins, Natural, Penicillins, Amino, Cephalosporins, First Generation, Cephalosporins, Second Generation, Cephalosporins, Third Generation, Macrolides, Analgesics, Other, NSAIDs, Anticholinergics, Respira

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/302460-medication

  The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has warned that azithromycin may lead to QT interval prolongation and torsades de pointes. The FDA notes that „health care professionals should consider the risk of fatal heart rhythms with azithromycin when considering treatment options for patients who are already at risk for cardiovascular events.”

• #18

  https://www.ijbcp.com/index.php/ijbcp/article/view/5677

  Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are one of the most common infections in humans of all age groups and an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. […] The primary objective is to understand the preferences, considerations, and clinical perspectives that influence the choice of cefixime among healthcare professionals, particularly in the management of RTIs. […] All the doctors (100%) use cefixime for the treatment of RTIs with varied frequency. […] Overall, 92.73% of doctors view cefixime as a safe and reliable choice for the management of RTIs. […] Cefixime has excellent tolerability and efficacy and is one of the most widely used drug in the treatment of respiratory infections. […] Safety and efficacy of cefixime in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in Germany.

• #19 Bacterial Respiratory Tract Infection Diagnosis & Treatment — The Lung Docs

  https://www.thelungdocs.com/services/respiratory-infections

  Bacterial respiratory tract infections can be treated with antibiotics, while viral infections cannot. […] When a bacterial respiratory tract infection occurs, your doctor will probably prescribe an antibiotic to clear the infection. […] Many doctors suggest using cough suppressants, expectorants, vitamin C and zinc to reduce symptoms, steam inhalation, gargling salt water, and pain relievers to help alleviate symptoms and bring relief. […] If you suspect you may have an upper or lower bacterial respiratory infection, call your doctor for an examination. Many of these infections can be serious if left untreated. Unlike a viral illness that has to run its course, bacterial infections must be treated with antibiotics.

• #20 The Medical Letter Home Page | The Medical Letter, Inc.

  https://secure.medicalletter.org/TML-article-1674a

  Data supporting the efficacy of newer FDA-approved antibiotics for treatment of CAP, including the fluoroquinolone delafloxacin (Baxdela), the tetracycline omadacycline (Nuzyra), and the pleuromutilin lefamulin (Xenleta) are limited. Until more data become available, empiric regimens with a longer record of efficacy and safety are preferred.

• #21 Lower Respiratory Tract Infection | Riley Children’s Health

  https://www.rileychildrens.org/health-info/lower-respiratory-tract-infection

  A lower respiratory tract infection (RTI) occurs when there is an infection of the lungs, specifically in the lower airways. This infection is usually caused by a virus, but it can also be caused by bacteria or other less common organisms. […] If your child has a lower RTI caused by a virus, the doctor will make the following recommendations: Drink plenty of clear fluids, Get plenty of rest, Control the fever with acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (as directed by your child’s pediatrician based on age and medical history). […] If your child has a lower RTI caused by bacteria, the doctor will likely prescribe antibiotics to fight the infection. […] Treatment for a lower RTI caused by a virus includes drinking plenty of fluids and getting plenty of rest while the virus runs its course. […] If the infection is caused by bacteria, antibiotics may be prescribed.

• #22 What is the treatment of respiratory tract infection in children? | Kauvery Hospital Chennai, Trichy, Salem, Tirunelveli

  https://www.kauveryhospital.com/blog/pulmonology/respiratory-tract-infections-in-children-and-treatment-methods/

  Respiratory Tract Infections are a common condition with children in the age-group of 3 to 12 years. […] While most infections are not very serious and can be easily managed, in some cases, they lead to complications or become fatal even. […] That is why, it’s important for parents and educators to be aware of them, so that timely action can be taken in the likelihood of infection. […] Parents should be vigilant about signs and symptoms of RTIs, so that timely treatment can be provided. […] Staying hydrated and taking rest is the best medicine, but in case of fever or body-aches, acetoaminophen can be given. […] Resting, drinking plenty of fluids, using cough medicines and doing steam inhalation forms the treatment. […] OTC drugs such as NSAIDs are given, while in rare cases a steroidal drug may be given. Gargling with warm saline also helps.

• #23 Upper Respiratory and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections | Cystic Fibrosis News TodayEnvelope icon

  https://cysticfibrosisnewstoday.com/upper-respiratory-tract-infections-vs-lower-respiratory-tract-infections/

  As cystic fibrosis (CF) causes excessive mucus production, respiratory tract infections (RTI) — such as those caused by the common cold or influenza — can be quite common and cause more severe symptoms. […] Treatment for upper and lower RTIs is usually directed to address the pathogenic agent and/or to help manage the symptoms. Hospitalization might be required in more severe cases. […] Standard treatments for upper and lower RTIs include: bronchodilators used to open airways, making it easier to breathe; antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections of the lungs; cough medicine, to calm cough. […] Respiratory tract infections can be treated with medications, including bronchodilators and, in some cases, antibiotics. More severe cases may require treatment in hospital. […] Upper respiratory tract infection symptoms can include a sore throat, tonsillitis, laryngitis, sinus infection, sneezing and coughing, headache, fever, body ache, and fatigue. Lower respiratory tract infection symptoms can range from cough with mucus, chest pain while coughing, fevers and chills, body ache, fatigue, and shortness of breath. In the case of pneumonia, symptoms can also include disorientation, along with nausea and vomiting.

• #24

  https://bpac.org.nz/2019/rti.aspx

  With winter upon us, it is timely to reflect on antibiotic prescribing practices for respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and associated conditions, e.g. sinusitis, otitis media. In most instances, antibiotics are not necessary for RTIs as they are self-limiting and almost always caused by viruses; antibiotic use exposes patients to the harms of treatment, e.g. adverse effects and antibiotic resistance, without clinical benefit. […] Most RTIs are of viral origin, rather than bacterial, and in either case, the infection is likely to be self-limiting and the negligible benefit of antibiotic treatment does not outweigh the potential harms. […] Antibiotics may be considered for people with a suspected or confirmed bacterial RTI who are at high risk of complications, e.g. those with immunosuppression, or in specific clinical scenarios, e.g. all cases of bacterial pneumonia, bilateral acute otitis media in children aged under two years.

• #25 What is the treatment of respiratory tract infection in children? | Kauvery Hospital Chennai, Trichy, Salem, Tirunelveli

  https://www.kauveryhospital.com/blog/pulmonology/respiratory-tract-infections-in-children-and-treatment-methods/

  While OTCs can be taken for mild infections, in severe cases, antibiotics may be prescribed. […] Fluids, and anti-pyretic medication is the best form of treatment. […] Oral feeds, nasal drops (saline) and raising the pillow while sleeping are known to give relief when infection is mild. IV fluids, oxygen supplementation and airway pressure-support are done for moderate infection, while antibiotics are given for severe infection. […] Fluids and anti-pyretics are adequate when the infection is mild. When infection is severe, hospitalization will be required and a range of medicines prescribed for treatment. […] This is a medical emergency, requiring hospitalization. The child experiences difficulty in breathing, inability to swallow, sore throat and fever. At the hospital, doctors will provide antibiotics, steroids and IV fluids as part of the treatment.

• #26

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2016/08020/probiotics_for_prevention_and_treatment_of.90.aspx

  Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) represent one of the main health problems in children. Accumulating evidence suggests that probiotic consumption may decrease the incidence of or modify RTIs. The results of meta-analysis showed that probiotic consumption significantly decreased the number of subjects having at least 1 RTI episode (17 RCTs, 4513 children, relative risk 0.89, 95% CI 0.820.96, P = 0.004). Children supplemented with probiotics had fewer numbers of days of RTIs per person compared with children who had taken a placebo (6 RCTs, 2067 children, MD 0.16, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.02, P = 0.03), and had fewer numbers of days absent from day care/school (8 RCTs, 1499 children, MD 0.94, 95% CI 1.72 to 0.15, P = 0.02). Based on the available data and taking into account the safety profile of RCTs, probiotic consumption appears to be a feasible way to decrease the incidence of RTIs in children.

• #27

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2016/08020/probiotics_for_prevention_and_treatment_of.90.aspx

  Probiotics may exert a wide range of beneficial effects, such as balancing the host gut microbiota and interacting with the innate and adaptive immune system, which may promote resistance against pathogens. […] Pooled data analysis showed that probiotic supplementation significantly decreased the number of subjects with at least 1 RTI episode. We also found that children supplemented with probiotics had fewer numbers of days of RTIs per person, and had fewer numbers of days absent from day care/school compared with children who had taken a placebo. […] Taken together, the present systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that probiotic consumption may decrease the incidence and illness duration of RTI episode.

• #28

  https://www.hod.care/blog/natural-remedies-for-respiratory-tract-infections

  Respiratory tract infection is defined as an infection in the respiratory tract. These infections can be caused by bacteria, virus or fungi. Many respiratory infections pass within 1 to 2 weeks if proper care is provided. People can treat respiratory infections at home by making use of home remedies. […] Certain home remedies are a natural ways of dealing with such infections and can be performed without any hassle. Enlisted below are some most effective home remedies for respiratory tract infections. […] Steam inhalation is definitely one of the best home remedies for respiratory tract infections. […] Gargling with warm water in the morning with salt can be advantageous for the respiratory tract. […] For respiratory illnesses, ginger is one of the most effective home remedies. […] Honey is a powerful remedy to fight respiratory infections, especially in kids.

• #29

  https://www.hod.care/blog/natural-remedies-for-respiratory-tract-infections

  Taking some early morning sunlight for relief is not a bad option. […] Consuming eucalyptus could also help in providing relief from respiratory tract infections. […] Garlic can be used to lessens the severity of a bacterial chest infection as it possesses anti-bacterial properties. […] Warm milk has a soothing effect on sore throat, cold, and cough. […] Peppermint contains menthol, which helps thin mucus and soothes sore throats and cough. […] It is recommended to give your body the rest it needs to strengthen the immunity and fight illnesses.

• #30 Respiratory tract infections | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/r/respiratory-tract-infections

  If your cough hasn’t resolved after 3 weeks, see your healthcare provider particularly if you are a smoker, have smoked in the past or if there could be other underlying lung disease such as asthma or COPD. […] Contact your healthcare provider immediately or call Healthline free on 0800 611 116 if you or your child have trouble breathing, have a high fever or show other signs that the infection is getting worse. […] Vaccinations can protect against certain viruses. […] If you keep getting RTIs or you’re at a high risk of getting one (eg, because you’re over 65 years of age or have a serious long-term health condition, such as diabetes, heart disease, asthma, or COPD) also ask your healthcare provider about the pneumococcal vaccine.

• #31 Respiratory tract infections | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/r/respiratory-tract-infections/

  Vaccinations can protect against certain viruses. […] If you keep getting RTIs or you’re at a high risk of getting one (eg, because you’re over 65 years of age or have a serious long-term health condition, such as diabetes, heart disease, asthma, or COPD) also ask your healthcare provider about the pneumococcal vaccine this helps prevent some types of pneumonia.

• #32 Respiratory Infection Treatment | OneWelbeck Lung Health

  https://onewelbeck.com/conditions/respiratory-infection/

  Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) can affect the sinuses, throat, airways or lungs. Most RTIs get better without treatment, but sometimes you may need to seek additional care. […] The treatment your consultant picks will depend on the cause of your RTI. Usually, the cause of an RTI will falls into one of the following categories: a virus, such as a cold in this case, antibiotics will not be prescribed, and your symptoms should clear up in a couple of weeks. […] In some cases, further tests such as a chest X-ray, breathing tests and testing phlegm or blood samples may be necessary. […] Usually, an RTI can be managed at home. If you visit the pharmacist, they can suggest some treatments to help you such as decongestants and nasal sprays. […] You should seek medical advice if: you feel very unwell or your symptoms are severe, your symptoms are not improving, you feel confused, disorientated or drowsy, you have chest pain or difficulty breathing, you cough up blood or blood-stained phlegm, your skin or lips develop a blue tinge (cyanosis).

• #33 Respiratory tract infections | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/r/respiratory-tract-infections/

  Always take antibiotics according to your healthcare provider’s instructions and, for most infections, make sure you complete the entire course of treatment even if you’re feeling better. […] If you need a course of antibiotics several times a year, make sure that you have been checked for underlying lung disease, problems with your immune function, chronic sinus disease. […] To help you or the person you are caring for feel more comfortable and speed your recovery, take the following self-care steps: Get plenty of rest. […] If you’ve been prescribed any medicines, take these as directed. […] Contact your healthcare provider immediately or call Healthline free on 0800 611 116 if you or your child have trouble breathing, have a high fever or show other signs that the infection is getting worse.

• #34 Respiratory tract infections

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/respiratory-tract-infections/

  Most RTIs pass within 1 to 2 weeks. You can usually treat your symptoms at home. […] A pharmacist can suggest treatments to help relieve your symptoms, such as decongestants and nasal sprays. […] Treatment will depend on the cause of your RTI. […] Your RTI may be caused by: a virus (like colds) this usually clears up by itself after a few weeks and antibiotics will not help […] bacteria (like pneumonia) your GP may prescribe antibiotics – make sure you complete the whole course as advised by your GP, even if you start to feel better. […] Antibiotics are only used to treat bacterial infections. They’re not used for treating viral infections because they do not work for this type of infection.

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