Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Respiratory tract infections (RTIs)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/respiratory-tract-infection/

  Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are infections of parts of the body involved in breathing, such as the sinuses, throat, airways or lungs. Most RTIs get better without treatment, but sometimes you may need to see a GP. […] Symptoms of a respiratory tract infection include: a cough you may bring up mucus (phlegm), sneezing, a stuffy or runny nose, a sore throat, headaches, muscle aches, breathlessness, tight chest or wheezing, a high temperature, feeling generally unwell. […] Most respiratory tract infections (RTIs) pass within 1 to 2 weeks. You can usually treat your symptoms at home. […] You have symptoms of a respiratory tract infection and: you feel very unwell or your symptoms get worse, you’ve had a high temperature for more than 3 days, you cough up blood or bloodstained mucus, you’ve had a cough for more than 3 weeks, you’re pregnant, you’re over 65, you have a weakened immune system for example, because you have a condition like diabetes or you’re having chemotherapy, you have a long-term health condition, such as a heart, lung or kidney condition.

• #1 Respiratory tract infections | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/r/respiratory-tract-infections

  Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) can affect both the upper and lower parts of your respiratory (breathing) system. […] They often occur after you get a cold or flu-like illnesses. […] Upper RTIs (eg, colds or sinus infections) can mostly be treated at home, but lower RTIs (eg, pneumonia) are more serious and generally need medical care. […] Lower RTIs, such as pneumonia, tend to be more serious than upper RTIs, such as colds or a sinus infection. […] Most upper RTIs can be treated at home, but young children, older adults, pregnant people or people with long-term health conditions who get a lower RTI may need to see a healthcare provider. […] Symptoms of upper URIs include: sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, headache, low-grade fever, facial pressure, cough. […] Symptoms of lower RTIs include: shortness of breath, weakness, fever, coughing with green or yellow/brown mucus (phlegm or sputum), fatigue, aching muscles, chest pain or discomfort.

• #1 Respiratory tract infections | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/r/respiratory-tract-infections/

  Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) can affect both the upper and lower parts of your respiratory (breathing) system. […] They often occur after you get a cold or flu-like illnesses. […] Upper RTIs (eg, colds or sinus infections) can mostly be treated at home, but lower RTIs (eg, pneumonia) are more serious and generally need medical care. […] Lower RTIs, such as pneumonia, tend to be more serious than upper RTIs, such as colds or a sinus infection. […] Most upper RTIs can be treated at home, but young children, older adults, pregnant people or people with long-term health conditions who get a lower RTI may need to see a healthcare provider. […] Symptoms of upper URIs include: sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, headache, low-grade fever, facial pressure, cough. […] Symptoms of lower RTIs include: shortness of breath, weakness, fever, coughing with green or yellow/brown mucus (phlegm or sputum), fatigue, aching muscles, chest pain or discomfort.

• #1 What are the different types of RTIs and their main associated symptoms? – Acare Global

  https://acare.abbott.com/en/different-types-rtis-associated-symptoms/

  Most RTIs resolve within one to two weeks. […] Symptoms usually come on gradually and include: Blocked or runny nose, Sore throat, Headache, Muscle aches, Cough, Sneezing, Generally low-grade fever. […] Common cold symptoms usually last for 7-10 days. […] Symptoms include: painful throat, especially when swallowing, dry scratchy throat, redness in the back of the mouth, bad breath, mild cough, swollen neck glands. […] Symptoms include: pain, swelling and tenderness around your cheeks, eyes or forehead, a blocked nose, a reduced sense of smell, green or yellow mucus from your nose, a sinus headache, raised temperature, toothache, bad breath. […] Symptoms include: Raised temperature, Sore throat, Difficulty swallowing, Hoarseness or no voice, Coughing, Headache, Feeling sick, Earache, Feeling tired (fatigue), Swollen or painful glands in your neck.

• #1 Respiratory tract infections | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/r/respiratory-tract-infections

  Symptoms should get better in 7 to 10 days although cough and mucus can last up to 3 weeks. […] Most upper RTIs get better in 1 to 2 weeks and you can usually treat your symptoms at home. […] However, a lower RTI can be serious. […] You may need to be considered for treatment and in some circumstances be considered for investigations, such as blood tests and chest X-ray. […] See a healthcare provider immediately if you or another adult has: a high fever that doesn’t come down, fast or difficult breathing, chest pain, signs of dehydration. […] See your healthcare provider as soon as possible if you, or someone you are caring for, has a respiratory tract infection and feels very unwell or symptoms get worse. […] Most upper RTIs are caused by a virus. […] However, severe or persistent sinus infections may need treatment with antibiotics. […] Some lower RTIs (eg, pneumonia or severe bronchitis) are usually caused by bacteria. […] If your cough hasn’t resolved after 3 weeks, see your healthcare provider particularly if you are a smoker, have smoked in the past or if there could be other underlying lung disease such as asthma or COPD.

• #1 Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) – nose, throat & lungs

  https://www.nps.org.au/consumers/respiratory-tract-infections-rtis-nose-throat-and-lungs

  Symptoms will usually be at their worst after 23 days and will generally last for 58 days. However, some of the symptoms of flu (eg, cough and tiredness) can last for as long as 23 weeks. […] Laryngitis is an infection of your larynx, which results in a hoarse voice and difficulty speaking. […] Pneumonia is an inflammation of your lung tissue that is caused by an infection. The infection may be in one or both of your lungs and it can be caused by bacteria or a virus. […] A sore throat (throat infection, pharyngitis) is caused when a virus (or bacteria) infects the area at the back of your throat (pharynx). This causes redness and swelling (inflammation), and can be painful, especially when you swallow. […] Whooping cough (pertussis) can be a very serious respiratory tract infection that is very easily spread (highly contagious). Whooping cough usually starts off with cold-like symptoms, and develops into a cough.

• #1 Respiratory Tract Infections in Children in the Community: Prospective Online Inception Cohort Study | Annals of Family Medicine

  https://www.annfammed.org/content/17/1/14/tab-figures-data

  It takes 23 days for 90 percent of children to recover from respiratory tract infection symptoms. […] Overall, median duration of symptoms was 9 days. For children three years of age or younger, median symptom duration was 11 days compared to seven days for older children. Children whose parents reported lower respiratory tract symptoms (such as wet cough and wheeze) had median symptom duration of 12 days compared to eight days for those who had only upper respiratory tract symptoms (such as runny nose and sore throat). Among children with only upper respiratory tract symptoms, the most persistent symptom was runny nose, while the fastest symptom to resolve was earache. For children with at least one lower respiratory tract symptom, all symptoms persisted for three weeks; runny nose and wet cough were the most severe symptoms.

• #1 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections With Focus on The Common Cold – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532961/

  Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are the most common infectious disease cause for patient evaluations worldwide. URTIs are typically self-limited and mild to moderate in severity. The most common manifestation of URTIs is the common cold. Due to overlapping symptoms of various viral and bacterial infections that can result in URTIs, making the diagnosis of the common cold is a challenge. The common cold is a syndrome that manifests as a mild-to-moderate, self-limited URTI, characterized by inflammation that causes malaise, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, pharyngitis, cough, and occasional fever and headache. Individual symptoms of the common cold can vary in severity and duration. In general, and accepting their subjective nature, symptoms tend to be mild to moderate in severity. Sore throat is often the earliest symptom, followed 1 to 2 days later by rhinorrhea and sneezing. Nasal congestion, laryngitis, and cough typically develop shortly thereafter. Malaise, low-grade fever, myalgias, and headache are common during the early phase of infection. Symptoms typically last 7 to 10 days, although cough can linger for several weeks. URTIs are the most common acute infectious diseases in the world. In the vast majority of cases, they tend to be self-limited but, on occasion, can evolve into chronic and significant complications. The vast majority of URTIs are self-limited and mild to moderate in severity. Common cold symptoms typically last from 7 to 10 days, although cough can linger for several weeks.

• #1 Upper respiratory infection: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323886

  Some common symptoms of pharyngitis include: a sore or scratchy throat, inflammation, fever, headache, difficulty swallowing. […] An individual needs medical attention if the following occurs: a high fever, severe respiratory distress, difficulty swallowing. […] URIs may resolve without treatment, or the symptoms may be mild and easy to treat at home. […] If any symptoms do not resolve with home care or if they get worse, a person should contact a doctor. […] According to the American Lung Association, certain bacteria and viruses responsible for URIs can lead to pneumonia. […] Typically, a URI lasts 710 days and, sometimes, up to three weeks. In some cases, these infections develop into more serious issues, such as sinus infections or pneumonia. […] Most people recover from a URI within two weeks with or without OTC or home treatments. However, if the symptoms get worse or are severe, a person should contact a doctor.

• #1 Bacterial Respiratory Tract Infection Diagnosis & Treatment — The Lung Docs

  https://www.thelungdocs.com/services/respiratory-infections

  Whether you know it or not, chances are youve had a respiratory tract infection (RTI) or upper respiratory tract infection (URI) at some point in your life. […] A bacterial respiratory tract infection is an infection of the sinuses, throat, airway, or lungs. Bacterial infections may develop after having a viral illness like a cold or the flu. Symptoms tend to localize to one particular area. […] A few warning signs that your cold has progressed from a viral infection to a bacterial infection are: Symptoms lasting longer than 10-14 days […] A fever higher than 100.4 degrees […] A fever that gets worse a couple of days into the illness, rather than getting better […] White pus-filled spots on the tonsils. […] Sinusitis is inflammation of the sinuses. Symptoms include: Postnasal drip

• #1 Respiratory tract infections | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/r/respiratory-tract-infections/

  Symptoms should get better in 7 to 10 days although cough and mucus can last up to 3 weeks. […] Most upper RTIs get better in 1 to 2 weeks and you can usually treat your symptoms at home. […] However, a lower RTI can be serious. […] You may need to be considered for treatment and in some circumstances be considered for investigations, such as blood tests and chest X-ray. […] See a healthcare provider immediately if you or another adult has: a high fever that doesn’t come down, fast or difficult breathing, chest pain, signs of dehydration. […] See your healthcare provider as soon as possible if you, or someone you are caring for, has a respiratory tract infection and: feels very unwell or symptoms get worse, has had a cough for more than 3 weeks, is pregnant, is over 65 years of age, is a child under 2 years of age, has a weakened immune system, has a long-term health condition, such as diabetes, heart disease, asthma, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).

• #1 What is the treatment of respiratory tract infection in children? | Kauvery Hospital Chennai, Trichy, Salem, Tirunelveli

  https://www.kauveryhospital.com/blog/pulmonology/respiratory-tract-infections-in-children-and-treatment-methods/

  RTIs are quite common and create hassles for the child, parents, siblings, teachers and school-staff. Frequent bouts of RTI lead to missed days from school or play, and reduced performance. This in turn can affect their emotional health. Parents should be vigilant about signs and symptoms of RTIs, so that timely treatment can be provided. […] Symptoms of RTIs caused by viruses include runny nose, cough, fever, sore throat, hoarse voice, fatigue, weakness, lack of energy, red eyes/pink eyes with yellowish discharge from the eyes, and swelling on the sides of the neck (due to swollen lymph nodes). […] When to see a doctor includes dizziness, fainting or loss of consciousness (called syncope), fever that’s higher than 103 F, rapid or heavy breathing and difficulty in breathing, frequent and severe cough accompanied by vomiting, wheezing and/or a high-pitched whistling sound while breathing out, retractions (a deep outline of the ribcage is visible) while breathing or coughing, and stridor, which is a harsh and raspy vibration while breathing out (similar to sounds made by a seal).

• #1 An Overview of Common Respiratory Tract Infections | Ausmed

  https://www.ausmed.co.uk/cpd/articles/respiratory-tract-infections

  Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are various infections that affect parts of the respiratory system, such as the sinuses, throat, airway or lungs (NHS 2024a). […] Lower RTIs are generally longer-lasting and more serious (NHS 2024a). […] Common symptoms of the common cold include sore throat, runny nose, sneezing, cough, and headache. […] Influenza (the flu) is similar to the common cold but is generally more severe with a very sudden onset. […] Common symptoms of pneumonia include chest pain, cough, fever, fatigue, difficulty breathing, and loss of appetite. […] Pneumonia can be a serious and potentially fatal infection, with young children, older adults and those with pre-existing health conditions most at risk of complications such as pleurisy, lung abscess or sepsis. […] Pneumonia may present as a relapse after a cold or flu.

• #1 An Overview of Common Respiratory Tract Infections | Ausmed

  https://www.ausmed.co.uk/cpd/articles/respiratory-tract-infections

  Common symptoms of sinusitis include pain, swelling and tenderness around cheeks, eyes and forehead, blocked nose, loss of smell or taste, thick, green or yellow mucus, headache, fever, and bad breath. […] Common symptoms of bronchitis include cough (dry or productive), sore throat, headache, runny or blocked nose, aches and pains, and fatigue. […] Common symptoms of bronchiolitis include dry cough, slight fever, runny nose, difficulty breathing, and noisy breathing (e.g. wheezing). […] Common symptoms of tonsillitis include sore throat, red, swollen and painful tonsils, difficulty swallowing, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, cough, and gastrointestinal upset (in younger children). […] Common symptoms of laryngitis include hoarse voice or voice loss, sore throat, and dry cough.

• #1 Diagnosis and Management of Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children: A Practical Guide

  https://brieflands.com/articles/apid-20283.html

  Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) affect children all over the world and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. RTIs are usually triggered by viruses, though bacterial infections are also common. […] Children are particularly susceptible to RTIs due to the relative immaturity of their immune systems, and genetic factors (such as family history of atopy) and/or environmental factors (such as exposure to pollution and pathogens) also render certain populations more vulnerable to infection. Furthermore, RTIs tend to be recurrent and can result in multiple infections per year. […] The main pathogens that trigger respiratory infections are viruses (such as the respiratory syncytial viruses, rhinoviruses, and influenza viruses). Although viruses are often responsible for RTIs, bacterial super-infections commonly occur. Bacterial infections are observed in up to 60% of patients whose RTI symptoms last for 10 days or more.

• #1 What is the treatment of respiratory tract infection in children? | Kauvery Hospital Chennai, Trichy, Salem, Tirunelveli

  https://www.kauveryhospital.com/blog/pulmonology/respiratory-tract-infections-in-children-and-treatment-methods/

  Respiratory Tract Infections are a common condition with children in the age-group of 3 to 12 years. The Immune system of children are weaker compared to that of adults, so it’s easy to develop infections. While most infections are not very serious and can be easily managed, in some cases, they lead to complications or become fatal even. That is why, it’s important for parents and educators to be aware of them, so that timely action can be taken in the likelihood of infection. […] Children in the age-group of 2 to 12 are highly prone to RTIs. There are several reasons for this. To begin with, their immune systems are not as sturdy as that of adults. Secondly, they meet each other often at school and at play. Some of these infections spread through droplets in the air, so its easy to catch them. Further, when children come in contact with other infected children, and then touch their eyes, nose or mouth, the pathogens are easily ingested/inhaled into the body. Finally, children do not follow hand-washing routines as rigorously as adults do.

• #1 Overview of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Children – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/overview-of-viral-respiratory-tract-infections-in-children

  Viral respiratory tract infections affect the nose, throat, and airways and may be caused by any of several different viruses. […] Typical symptoms include nasal congestion, a runny nose, scratchy throat, cough, and irritability. […] When viruses invade cells of the respiratory tract, they trigger inflammation and production of mucus. This situation leads to nasal congestion, a runny nose, scratchy throat, and cough, which may last up to 14 days. […] Fever, with a temperature as high as 101 to 102 F (about 38.3 to 38.9 C), is common in young children or those with influenza. […] Other typical symptoms in children include decreased appetite, lethargy, and a general feeling of illness (malaise). […] The small airways of young children can be significantly narrowed by inflammation and mucus, making breathing difficult. […] Some children with a viral respiratory tract infection also develop an infection of the middle ear (otitis media) or the lung tissue (pneumonia).

• #1 Diagnosis and Management of Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children: A Practical Guide

  https://brieflands.com/articles/apid-20283.html

  Several characteristics of RTIs contribute to the burden of illness. First, RTIs tend to recur in pediatric patients. The clinical sequelae of RTIs can result in long-term complications and further contribute to the disease burden, resulting in secondary infections, wheezing, and the development of asthma. […] The most commonly used definition of respiratory tract infection is any upper or lower respiratory disease and any respiratory illness associated with fever. Symptoms normally include at least one of the following: runny nose, nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, earache, wheezing, and/or shortness of breath lasting at least two to three days or more. Recurrent episodes should be separated by at least a two-week period with no symptoms. […] Compared to healthy adults, infants and young children are at increased risk of recurrent RTIs due to the relative immaturity of their immune system.

• #1 Diagnosis and Management of Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children: A Practical Guide

  https://brieflands.com/articles/apid-20283.html

  Recurrent infections of the respiratory tissues may result in virus-induced immune dysfunction and can lead to a vicious cycle of recurrent RTIs with bacterial super-infections, exacerbation of cough, and increased risk of asthma development. […] Pediatric RTIs are a clinical and economic burden for patients and their families around the world. Respiratory infections tend to recur and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in young children.

• #1 Upper Respiratory Infection: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4022-upper-respiratory-infection

  Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are viruses and bacteria that infect your respiratory tract above your vocal cords. Symptoms can include a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat or headache. Common colds, strep throat and sinus infections are all examples of upper respiratory infections. Most URIs are caused by viruses and go away on their own. […] Symptoms of upper respiratory infections include sore throat, stuffy or runny nose, cough, fever, fatigue and more. Upper respiratory infections can affect your nose, sinuses, throat (pharynx) and voice box (larynx). […] Symptoms of upper respiratory infections can include: Fever, Sore throat, Cough, Runny or stuffy nose, Sneezing, Hoarse voice or loss of voice, Fatigue, Facial pain, Wheezing, Swollen lymph nodes. […] Upper respiratory infections like colds rarely lead to complications. But URIs can sometimes cause inflammation in your lungs, leading to pneumonia. Additionally, if bacterial or fungal infections are left untreated, they can travel to other parts of your body and cause: Meningitis, Rheumatic fever, Scarlet fever, Sepsis, Organ damage.

• #1 Respiratory Tract Infections and Laboratory Diagnostic Methods: A Review with A Focus on Syndromic Panel-Based Assays

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/9/1856

  Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the focus of developments in public health, given their widespread distribution and the high morbidity and mortality rates reported worldwide. The clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic or mild infection to severe or fatal disease. […] These infections typically occur as acute disease with a rapid clinical onset ranging from hours to days after the infection and including a variety of symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, coryza, shortness of breath, wheezing, and/or difficulty in breathing. […] The epidemiology of RTIs is continually evolving following rapid sociodemographic changes and certainly climate change. […] A prompt and rapid laboratory diagnosis of RTIs is required to support and to guide clinical decisions in favor of appropriate patient management, while also avoiding the inappropriate use of antimicrobials.

• #1 Respiratory Tract Infection – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | Medtronic (UK)

  https://www.medtronic.com/covidien/en-gb/clinical-solutions/respiratory-tract-infection.html

  Respiratory tract infection (RTI) refers to a range of infections that can occur in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Upper respiratory tract infections tend to be less severe than lower; for example tonsillitis, laryngitis and the common cold are URTIs, while bronchitis and pneumonia are LRTIs. […] RTI illnesses share many symptoms and signs, most notably sneezing, sore throat, cough, nasal congestion and discharge, and some malaise, muscle fatigue and pain. Symptoms of itchy, watery eyes, fever and headache may point toward an allergy or influenza rather than a URTI. […] The seriousness of LRTIs necessitates rapid and accurate diagnosis of the infection in order to minimise its effects. […] Diagnosis of an RTI can be achieved through a physical examination, as outward signs and symptoms will generally be enough to indicate the presence of an infection. […] A mild URTI will not require any medical intervention, while a serious LRTI will often lead to hospitalisation.

• #1

  https://bpac.org.nz/2019/rti.aspx

  Antibiotics are not required in most cases unless Group A Streptococcus (GAS) positive and at high risk of rheumatic fever. […] Antibiotics are usually unnecessary as most infections are self-limiting. […] Antibiotic treatment resulted in a 5% absolute risk reduction in pain at two or three days; 6% absolute risk reduction in pain at four to seven days. […] The level of elevation usually corresponds to the severity of the infection. Although the test cannot definitively distinguish the type of infection, bacterial infections generally cause a greater elevation in CRP than viral infections.

• #1 Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) – EM Doctors

  https://www.em-doctors.com/conditions/respiratory-tract-infection/

  Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) can affect the sinuses, throat, airways or lungs. Most RTIs get better without treatment, but sometimes you may need to see your GP. […] Symptoms of an RTI include: a cough you may bring up mucus (phlegm), sneezing, a stuffy or runny nose, a sore throat, headaches, muscle aches, breathlessness, tight chest or wheezing, a high temperature (fever), feeling generally unwell. […] Most RTIs pass within 1 to 2 weeks. […] Treatment will depend on the cause of your RTI: a virus (like colds) this usually clears up by itself after a few weeks and antibiotics will not help; bacteria (like pneumonia) your GP may prescribe antibiotics. […] Sometimes a sample of your mucus may need to be tested to see what’s causing your RTI. […] Lower RTIs tend to last longer and can be more serious.

• #1 Lower respiratory tract infection: Symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324413

  Lower respiratory tract infections are any infections in the lungs or below the voice box. These include pneumonia, bronchitis, and tuberculosis. Symptoms of lower respiratory tract infections can vary. […] Symptoms of lower respiratory tract infections vary and depend on the severity of the infection. […] Less severe infections can have symptoms similar to the common cold, including: a stuffed up or a runny nose, a dry cough, a low fever, a mild sore throat, a dull headache. […] In more severe infections, symptoms can include: a severe cough that may produce phlegm, fever, difficulty breathing, a blue tint to the skin, rapid breathing, chest pain, wheezing. […] People who have lower respiratory tract infections will experience coughing as the primary symptom. […] Recovery time for a lower respiratory tract infection varies from person to person. […] According to the American Lung Association, a healthy young adult can recover from a lower respiratory tract infection, such as pneumonia, in around 1 week. For older adults, it may take several weeks to make a full recovery.

• #1 Respiratory tract infection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_tract_infection

  Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are infectious diseases involving the lower or upper respiratory tract. An infection of this type usually is further classified as an upper respiratory tract infection (URI or URTI) or a lower respiratory tract infection (LRI or LRTI). Lower respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, tend to be far more severe than upper respiratory infections, such as the common cold. […] Symptoms of URIs can include cough, sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, headache, low-grade fever, facial pressure, and sneezing. […] Lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) are generally more severe than upper respiratory infections. LRIs are the leading cause of death among all infectious diseases. […] Influenza affects both the upper and lower respiratory tracts, but more dangerous strains such as the highly pernicious H5N1 tend to bind to receptors deep in the lungs.

• #1 Respiratory Tract Infection (RTIs) in Cats & Kittens

  https://bowwowinsurance.com.au/pet-care/diseases-conditions/respiratory-tract-infection-rtis-in-cats/

  Upper respiratory infection in cats are extremely common. Fortunately, however, severe illnesses that are secondary to URTIs are much less common and the vast majority of cats make a rapid and full recovery. Therefore, the prognosis is very good in most cats. Left untreated, feline upper respiratory infections can occasionally progress to pneumonia or have other serious complications, such as chronic breathing difficulties. Very young kittens have a higher incidence of pneumonia and some do not survive the infection. The prognosis is worst in cats that are very young and those with virulent strains of the calicivirus.

• #2 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections With Focus on The Common Cold – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532961/

  Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are the most common infectious disease cause for patient evaluations worldwide. URTIs are typically self-limited and mild to moderate in severity. The most common manifestation of URTIs is the common cold. Due to overlapping symptoms of various viral and bacterial infections that can result in URTIs, making the diagnosis of the common cold is a challenge. The common cold is a syndrome that manifests as a mild-to-moderate, self-limited URTI, characterized by inflammation that causes malaise, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, pharyngitis, cough, and occasional fever and headache. Individual symptoms of the common cold can vary in severity and duration. In general, and accepting their subjective nature, symptoms tend to be mild to moderate in severity. Sore throat is often the earliest symptom, followed 1 to 2 days later by rhinorrhea and sneezing. Nasal congestion, laryngitis, and cough typically develop shortly thereafter. Malaise, low-grade fever, myalgias, and headache are common during the early phase of infection. Symptoms typically last 7 to 10 days, although cough can linger for several weeks. URTIs are the most common acute infectious diseases in the world. In the vast majority of cases, they tend to be self-limited but, on occasion, can evolve into chronic and significant complications. The vast majority of URTIs are self-limited and mild to moderate in severity. Common cold symptoms typically last from 7 to 10 days, although cough can linger for several weeks.

• #2 Respiratory tract infections

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/respiratory-tract-infections/

  Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) can affect the sinuses, throat, airways or lungs. Most RTIs get better without treatment, but sometimes you may need to see your GP. […] Symptoms of an RTI include: a cough you may bring up mucus (phlegm), sneezing, a stuffy or runny nose, a sore throat, headaches, muscle aches, breathlessness, tight chest or wheezing, a high temperature (fever), feeling generally unwell. […] Most RTIs pass within 1 to 2 weeks. You can usually treat your symptoms at home. […] If you think you have an RTI, contact your GP if: you feel very unwell or your symptoms get worse, you cough up blood or bloodstained mucus, you have had a cough for more than 3 weeks, you’re pregnant, you’re over 65, you have a weakened immune system for example, because you have a condition like diabetes or you’re having chemotherapy, you have a long-term health condition, such as a heart, lung or kidney condition.

• #2 What is a Respiratory Tract Infection (RTI)? – Acare Global

  https://acare.abbott.com/en/respiratory-health/understanding-the-disease-respiratory-health/what-is-an-rti/

  Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) affect our nose, sinuses, and throat and include common cold, pharyngitis/sore throat, sinusitis, tonsillitis, and laryngitis. […] Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) affect our airways and lungs and include chest infections, acute bronchitis, pneumonia and influenza (flu). Lower RTIs are generally longer lasting and more serious than upper RTIs.

• #2 Upper Respiratory Infection: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4022-upper-respiratory-infection

  Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are viruses and bacteria that infect your respiratory tract above your vocal cords. Symptoms can include a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat or headache. Common colds, strep throat and sinus infections are all examples of upper respiratory infections. Most URIs are caused by viruses and go away on their own. […] Symptoms of upper respiratory infections include sore throat, stuffy or runny nose, cough, fever, fatigue and more. Upper respiratory infections can affect your nose, sinuses, throat (pharynx) and voice box (larynx). […] Symptoms of upper respiratory infections can include: Fever, Sore throat, Cough, Runny or stuffy nose, Sneezing, Hoarse voice or loss of voice, Fatigue, Facial pain, Wheezing, Swollen lymph nodes. […] Upper respiratory infections like colds rarely lead to complications. But URIs can sometimes cause inflammation in your lungs, leading to pneumonia. Additionally, if bacterial or fungal infections are left untreated, they can travel to other parts of your body and cause: Meningitis, Rheumatic fever, Scarlet fever, Sepsis, Organ damage.

• #2 Lower respiratory tract infection: Symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324413

  Lower respiratory tract infections are any infections in the lungs or below the voice box. These include pneumonia, bronchitis, and tuberculosis. Symptoms of lower respiratory tract infections can vary. […] Symptoms of lower respiratory tract infections vary and depend on the severity of the infection. […] Less severe infections can have symptoms similar to the common cold, including: a stuffed up or a runny nose, a dry cough, a low fever, a mild sore throat, a dull headache. […] In more severe infections, symptoms can include: a severe cough that may produce phlegm, fever, difficulty breathing, a blue tint to the skin, rapid breathing, chest pain, wheezing. […] People who have lower respiratory tract infections will experience coughing as the primary symptom. […] Recovery time for a lower respiratory tract infection varies from person to person. […] According to the American Lung Association, a healthy young adult can recover from a lower respiratory tract infection, such as pneumonia, in around 1 week. For older adults, it may take several weeks to make a full recovery.

• #2 Respiratory tract infection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_tract_infection

  Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are infectious diseases involving the lower or upper respiratory tract. An infection of this type usually is further classified as an upper respiratory tract infection (URI or URTI) or a lower respiratory tract infection (LRI or LRTI). Lower respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, tend to be far more severe than upper respiratory infections, such as the common cold. […] Symptoms of URIs can include cough, sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, headache, low-grade fever, facial pressure, and sneezing. […] Lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) are generally more severe than upper respiratory infections. LRIs are the leading cause of death among all infectious diseases. […] Influenza affects both the upper and lower respiratory tracts, but more dangerous strains such as the highly pernicious H5N1 tend to bind to receptors deep in the lungs.

• #2 Not Unusual for Pediatric Respiratory Infections to Persist Past 3 Weeks

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/not-unusual-for-pediatric-respiratory-infections-to-persist-past-3-weeks

  Parents frequently express concern that their childs respiratory illness is lasting too long and often ask pharmacists for advice. UK researchers report that symptoms of childrens respiratory tract infections (RTI), including runny nose, dry cough, and sore throat, can last much longer than expected. In fact, the University of Bristol study reports that full cessation of symptoms can take 23 days for 90% of children with RTI. Median duration of symptoms was 9 days overall but varied by age; for children age 3 years or younger, median symptom duration was 11 days versus 7 days for older children. At the same time, children whose parents reported lower respiratory tract symptoms such as wet cough and wheeze had median symptom duration of 12 days compared to 8 days for those who had only upper respiratory tract symptoms such as runny nose and sore throat. For children with at least one lower respiratory tract symptom, runny nose and wet cough were the most severe; however, all symptoms persisted for 3 weeks. Parents can be advised that RTI symptoms last up to three weeks, study authors point out.

• #2 Respiratory tract infections | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/r/respiratory-tract-infections/

  Symptoms should get better in 7 to 10 days although cough and mucus can last up to 3 weeks. […] Most upper RTIs get better in 1 to 2 weeks and you can usually treat your symptoms at home. […] However, a lower RTI can be serious. […] You may need to be considered for treatment and in some circumstances be considered for investigations, such as blood tests and chest X-ray. […] See a healthcare provider immediately if you or another adult has: a high fever that doesn’t come down, fast or difficult breathing, chest pain, signs of dehydration. […] See your healthcare provider as soon as possible if you, or someone you are caring for, has a respiratory tract infection and: feels very unwell or symptoms get worse, has had a cough for more than 3 weeks, is pregnant, is over 65 years of age, is a child under 2 years of age, has a weakened immune system, has a long-term health condition, such as diabetes, heart disease, asthma, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).

• #2 Respiratory Infection Treatment | OneWelbeck Lung Health

  https://onewelbeck.com/conditions/respiratory-infection/

  You should seek medical advice if: you feel very unwell or your symptoms are severe, your symptoms are not improving, you feel confused, disorientated or drowsy, you have chest pain or difficulty breathing, you cough up blood or blood-stained phlegm, your skin or lips develop a blue tinge (cyanosis), you’re pregnant, you’re 65 or over, you’re very overweight and have difficulty breathing, you think a child under five has a chest infection, you have a weakened immune system, you have a long-term health condition, you have a cough that has lasted more than 3 weeks.

• #2

  https://www.sweetcures.co.uk/blogs/health-hub/respiratory-tract-infection

  Cold symptoms include: sore throat, runny/blocked nose, sneezing, coughing, weakness, high temperature or fever, fatigue, aches and pains, headache, earache. […] In addition to Common Cold Symptoms, Flu symptoms also include: sudden fever (you may feel weak and very cold), extreme fatigue, severe aches and pains, and usually last up to 2 weeks.

• #2 What are the different types of RTIs and their main associated symptoms? – Acare Global

  https://acare.abbott.com/en/different-types-rtis-associated-symptoms/

  Symptoms include: Hoarseness or no voice, which can last for up to a week after other symptoms have gone, Sore throat, Raised temperature, Irritating cough, A constant need to clear your throat. […] Symptoms include: Cough, possibly with green or yellow mucus, which can last up to three weeks, Wheezing and shortness of breath, Chest pain or discomfort, Raised temperature, Headache, Aching muscles, Feeling tired (fatigue). […] Symptoms include: Coughing with or without mucus, Soreness in the chest, Feeling tired (fatigue), Headache, Body aches, Sore throat. […] Symptoms include: Cough, which may be dry or produce thick yellow, green, brown, or blood-stained mucus, Difficulty breathing, Rapid heartbeat, Raised temperature, Feeling generally unwell, Sweating and shivering, Loss of appetite, Chest pain, that may get worse when breathing in. […] Symptoms include: Raised temperature, Aching body, Feeling tired (fatigue) or exhausted, Dry cough, Sore throat, Headache, Difficulty sleeping, Loss of appetite, Diarrhea or Stomach pain, Feeling sick and being sick.

• #2 Bacterial Respiratory Tract Infection Diagnosis & Treatment — The Lung Docs

  https://www.thelungdocs.com/services/respiratory-infections

  Whether you know it or not, chances are youve had a respiratory tract infection (RTI) or upper respiratory tract infection (URI) at some point in your life. […] A bacterial respiratory tract infection is an infection of the sinuses, throat, airway, or lungs. Bacterial infections may develop after having a viral illness like a cold or the flu. Symptoms tend to localize to one particular area. […] A few warning signs that your cold has progressed from a viral infection to a bacterial infection are: Symptoms lasting longer than 10-14 days […] A fever higher than 100.4 degrees […] A fever that gets worse a couple of days into the illness, rather than getting better […] White pus-filled spots on the tonsils. […] Sinusitis is inflammation of the sinuses. Symptoms include: Postnasal drip

• #2 Bacterial Respiratory Tract Infection Diagnosis & Treatment — The Lung Docs

  https://www.thelungdocs.com/services/respiratory-infections

  Laryngotracheitis is an infection of the upper airway that blocks breathing and has a distinctive barking cough. This infection is more commonly known as croup. Symptoms include: Barking cough […] Difficulty breathing […] Fast or noisy breathing […] Wheezing […] Shortness of breath […] Fatigue […] Fever […] Congestion/runny nose […] Vocal hoarseness. […] Bronchitis is a bronchial tube inflammation. Bronchial tubes carry air to your lungs. Bronchitis symptoms include: Coughing that produces thickened mucous […] Shortness of breath […] Fatigue […] Overall feeling of malaise […] Runny nose or postnasal drip […] Headache […] Sore throat […] Pressure in the chest. […] Pneumonia is the most common bacterial lower respiratory infection. Its an infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs—these air sacs may fill with fluid or pus. Pneumonia symptoms include: Cough that produces phlegm or pus

• #2 5 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and What They Mean

  https://www.gleneagles.com.sg/health-plus/article/upper-respiratory-tract-infections

  Symptoms of laryngitis: Sore throat, Hoarse voice, Loss of voice, Swelling in your glands, Need to clear your throat. […] Rhinitis refers to an inflammation in your nasal passages. […] Symptoms of rhinitis: Runny nose, Sneezing, Itchy and watery eyes, Nasal congestion, Postnasal drip. […] When to seek treatment? As with any illness, the severity of your URTI defines whether or not it is an emergency. URTIs are extremely common and often self-limiting. […] The following symptoms may be an indication of a more severe disease and you should seek treatment immediately: Difficulty breathing, A high fever that doesn’t go away, Pale or blue tinged skin or lips, Respiratory illness accompanied by light-headedness, nausea or dizziness, Prolonged respiratory illness.

• #2 Diagnosis and Management of Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children: A Practical Guide

  https://brieflands.com/articles/apid-20283.html

  Several characteristics of RTIs contribute to the burden of illness. First, RTIs tend to recur in pediatric patients. The clinical sequelae of RTIs can result in long-term complications and further contribute to the disease burden, resulting in secondary infections, wheezing, and the development of asthma. […] The most commonly used definition of respiratory tract infection is any upper or lower respiratory disease and any respiratory illness associated with fever. Symptoms normally include at least one of the following: runny nose, nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, earache, wheezing, and/or shortness of breath lasting at least two to three days or more. Recurrent episodes should be separated by at least a two-week period with no symptoms. […] Compared to healthy adults, infants and young children are at increased risk of recurrent RTIs due to the relative immaturity of their immune system.

• #2 Overview of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Children – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/overview-of-viral-respiratory-tract-infections-in-children

  Viral respiratory tract infections affect the nose, throat, and airways and may be caused by any of several different viruses. […] Typical symptoms include nasal congestion, a runny nose, scratchy throat, cough, and irritability. […] When viruses invade cells of the respiratory tract, they trigger inflammation and production of mucus. This situation leads to nasal congestion, a runny nose, scratchy throat, and cough, which may last up to 14 days. […] Fever, with a temperature as high as 101 to 102 F (about 38.3 to 38.9 C), is common in young children or those with influenza. […] Other typical symptoms in children include decreased appetite, lethargy, and a general feeling of illness (malaise). […] The small airways of young children can be significantly narrowed by inflammation and mucus, making breathing difficult. […] Some children with a viral respiratory tract infection also develop an infection of the middle ear (otitis media) or the lung tissue (pneumonia).

• #2 Diagnosis and Management of Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children: A Practical Guide

  https://brieflands.com/articles/apid-20283.html

  Recurrent infections of the respiratory tissues may result in virus-induced immune dysfunction and can lead to a vicious cycle of recurrent RTIs with bacterial super-infections, exacerbation of cough, and increased risk of asthma development. […] Pediatric RTIs are a clinical and economic burden for patients and their families around the world. Respiratory infections tend to recur and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in young children.

• #2 An Overview of Common Respiratory Tract Infections | Ausmed

  https://www.ausmed.co.uk/cpd/articles/respiratory-tract-infections

  Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are various infections that affect parts of the respiratory system, such as the sinuses, throat, airway or lungs (NHS 2024a). […] Lower RTIs are generally longer-lasting and more serious (NHS 2024a). […] Common symptoms of the common cold include sore throat, runny nose, sneezing, cough, and headache. […] Influenza (the flu) is similar to the common cold but is generally more severe with a very sudden onset. […] Common symptoms of pneumonia include chest pain, cough, fever, fatigue, difficulty breathing, and loss of appetite. […] Pneumonia can be a serious and potentially fatal infection, with young children, older adults and those with pre-existing health conditions most at risk of complications such as pleurisy, lung abscess or sepsis. […] Pneumonia may present as a relapse after a cold or flu.

• #2 Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in primary care: narrative review of C reactive protein (CRP) point-of-care testing (POCT) and antibacterial use in patients who present with symptoms of RTI | BMJ Open Respiratory Research

  https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000624

  In another pilot study to investigate CRP POCT in a community pharmacy patients accessed the scheme by either referral from GPs, pharmacy staff or self-referral. This study showed high degrees of patient satisfaction with concurrent reduction in unnecessary antibiotic prescribing by 86%. […] The accurate and rapid assessment of whether patients need antibiotics when they present to primary care with symptoms of RTI continues to challenge primary care clinicians and researchers. […] There is overwhelming evidence that CRP POCT can offer a significant strengthening of primary care clinicians diagnostic precision in addressing whether or not a patient presenting with symptoms of RTI needs antibiotics or not.

• #2 Upper respiratory infection: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323886

  Some common symptoms of pharyngitis include: a sore or scratchy throat, inflammation, fever, headache, difficulty swallowing. […] An individual needs medical attention if the following occurs: a high fever, severe respiratory distress, difficulty swallowing. […] URIs may resolve without treatment, or the symptoms may be mild and easy to treat at home. […] If any symptoms do not resolve with home care or if they get worse, a person should contact a doctor. […] According to the American Lung Association, certain bacteria and viruses responsible for URIs can lead to pneumonia. […] Typically, a URI lasts 710 days and, sometimes, up to three weeks. In some cases, these infections develop into more serious issues, such as sinus infections or pneumonia. […] Most people recover from a URI within two weeks with or without OTC or home treatments. However, if the symptoms get worse or are severe, a person should contact a doctor.

• #2 Diagnosing upper and lower respiratory tract infections | Medical Laboratory Observer

  https://www.mlo-online.com/continuing-education/article/21292505/diagnosing-upper-and-lower-respiratory-tract-infections

  Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are among the most common reasons why patients visit their physicians. These infections can range from mild, self-limiting, or life-threatening requiring hospitalization. […] RTIs can be classified as upper and lower respiratory tract infections depending on the site of the infection in the respiratory system. However, in many cases, viruses may enter the upper respiratory tract and subsequently reach the lower respiratory tract. […] Upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) affect the respiratory tract above the lungs including the nose, throat, nasopharynx, sinus, larynx, epiglottis, or trachea causing rhinitis, pharyngitis, nasopharyngitis, sinusitis, laryngitis, epiglottitis or tracheitis respectively. […] URIs are caused by viruses in approximately 90 to 98 percent of cases.

• #2 Respiratory tract infections | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/r/respiratory-tract-infections/

  Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) can affect both the upper and lower parts of your respiratory (breathing) system. […] They often occur after you get a cold or flu-like illnesses. […] Upper RTIs (eg, colds or sinus infections) can mostly be treated at home, but lower RTIs (eg, pneumonia) are more serious and generally need medical care. […] Lower RTIs, such as pneumonia, tend to be more serious than upper RTIs, such as colds or a sinus infection. […] Most upper RTIs can be treated at home, but young children, older adults, pregnant people or people with long-term health conditions who get a lower RTI may need to see a healthcare provider. […] Symptoms of upper URIs include: sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, headache, low-grade fever, facial pressure, cough. […] Symptoms of lower RTIs include: shortness of breath, weakness, fever, coughing with green or yellow/brown mucus (phlegm or sputum), fatigue, aching muscles, chest pain or discomfort.

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