Zaburzenia rytmu serca
Leczenie
Zaburzenia rytmu serca (arytmie) wynikają z nieprawidłowej koordynacji sygnałów elektrycznych serca, prowadząc do tachykardii, bradykardii lub rytmu nieregularnego. Leczenie farmakologiczne obejmuje leki antyarytmiczne, beta-blokery (np. atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol), blokery kanału wapniowego oraz antykoagulanty, szczególnie w migotaniu przedsionków (AFib) w celu zapobiegania udarom. Terapia wymaga ścisłego monitorowania ze względu na potencjalne działania niepożądane. W przypadku nieskuteczności farmakoterapii stosuje się techniki niefarmakologiczne, takie jak manewry wagalne, kardiowersja elektryczna, ablacja cewnikowa (w tym izolacja żył płucnych) oraz implantację urządzeń: rozrusznika serca, ICD lub stymulatora dwukomorowego (CRT). W wybranych przypadkach wskazane jest leczenie chirurgiczne, np. procedura Maze lub pomostowanie tętnic wieńcowych.
Zaburzenia rytmu serca – leczenie i terapia
Zaburzenia rytmu serca (arytmie) występują, gdy sygnały elektryczne koordynujące pracę serca nie funkcjonują prawidłowo, powodując, że serce bije zbyt szybko, zbyt wolno lub nieregularnie. Leczenie arytmii zależy od jej rodzaju, nasilenia objawów oraz potencjalnego ryzyka wystąpienia poważniejszych problemów sercowych. Niektóre zaburzenia rytmu serca nie wymagają leczenia, a jedynie regularnych kontroli lekarskich w celu monitorowania stanu pacjenta.12
Farmakoterapia w leczeniu zaburzeń rytmu serca
Leki stosowane w leczeniu zaburzeń rytmu serca zależą od typu arytmii i możliwych powikłań. Często są one pierwszą linią leczenia, zanim rozważy się bardziej inwazyjne metody.12 Do głównych grup leków stosowanych w leczeniu arytmii należą:
- Leki antyarytmiczne – działają bezpośrednio na szlaki elektryczne serca, aby przywrócić normalny rytm lub zapobiec wystąpieniu arytmii. Mogą one spowalniać, przyspieszać lub regulować pracę serca.12
- Beta-blokery (np. atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol) – spowalniają pracę serca i zmniejszają wpływ adrenaliny, obniżając ciśnienie krwi.12
- Blokery kanału wapniowego – spowalniają rytm serca i obniżają ciśnienie krwi, zmniejszając obciążenie serca.2
- Leki przeciwzakrzepowe (antykoagulanty) – stosowane szczególnie u pacjentów z migotaniem przedsionków, aby zmniejszyć ryzyko tworzenia się skrzepów i udaru mózgu.12
Warto pamiętać, że wszystkie leki mogą powodować działania niepożądane. Większość z nich nie jest poważna i ustępuje po dostosowaniu dawki lub odstawieniu leku. Jednak niektóre działania niepożądane mogą być bardzo poważne, dlatego konieczne jest ścisłe monitorowanie terapii.2
Techniki i terapie niefarmakologiczne
Oprócz leków, w leczeniu zaburzeń rytmu serca stosuje się różne techniki niefarmakologiczne:2
- Manewry wagalne – są to proste, ale specyficzne działania, które mogą spowolnić pracę serca. Obejmują one kaszel, wywołanie odruchu wymiotnego, zatrzymanie oddechu i napięcie mięśni (manewr Valsalvy), położenie się lub umieszczenie zimnego, mokrego ręcznika na twarzy.12
- Kardiowersja – procedura wykorzystująca łopatki lub elektrody na klatce piersiowej do dostarczenia impulsu elektrycznego do serca w celu przywrócenia prawidłowego rytmu. Procedura ta jest wykonywana w znieczuleniu.21
Zabiegi i procedury inwazyjne
Gdy leki i nieinwazyjne techniki nie są wystarczające do kontroli arytmii, mogą być zastosowane bardziej inwazyjne procedury:1
- Ablacja cewnikowa – procedura, w której jeden lub więcej cienkich, elastycznych rurek (cewników) jest wprowadzanych przez naczynia krwionośne do serca. Poprzez cewniki dostarczana jest energia (ciepło lub zimno), która niszczy niewielki obszar tkanki sercowej powodującej nieprawidłowe sygnały elektryczne, zapobiegając ich przemieszczaniu się przez serce.21
- Ablacja pulsacyjnym polem elektrycznym – jest to technika cewnikowa, nietermiczna, która emituje serię impulsów energii o wysokim natężeniu w celu elektroporacji komórek docelowych, zamiast ich wypalania lub zamrażania.2
- Izolacja żył płucnych – rodzaj ablacji cewnikowej, która celuje w żyły płucne serca, które często są punktem początkowym migotania przedsionków (AFib).26
Urządzenia implantowalne
W niektórych przypadkach zaburzeń rytmu serca konieczne może być wszczepienie urządzenia, które pomoże regulować rytm serca:22
- Rozrusznik serca – małe urządzenie, które wysyła impulsy elektryczne, aby pomóc sercu bić w normalnym tempie i rytmie. Stosowany głównie w przypadku bradykardii (zbyt wolna praca serca).21
- Implantowany kardiowerter-defibrylator (ICD) – urządzenie, które przywraca normalny rytm serca poprzez wysyłanie impulsu elektrycznego do serca. Monitoruje ono ciągle rytm serca i automatycznie dostarcza energię używaną do stymulacji lub defibrylacji w przypadku wykrycia niebezpiecznie szybkiego rytmu serca.12
- Stymulator dwukomorowy (CRT) – rodzaj rozrusznika używany w terapii resynchronizującej serce u pacjentów z niewydolnością serca. Pomaga koordynować skurcze komór serca, aby pompowały one krew bardziej efektywnie.23
Leczenie chirurgiczne
W niektórych przypadkach może być konieczne leczenie chirurgiczne zaburzeń rytmu serca:2
- Procedura Maze – zabieg chirurgiczny, w którym chirurg tworzy na sercu wzór blizn przypominający labirynt, aby zakłócić nieprawidłowe sygnały elektryczne powodujące arytmię. Jest to metoda stosowana często w leczeniu migotania przedsionków.37
- Operacja pomostowania tętnic wieńcowych – może być zalecana, jeśli powodem zaburzeń rytmu serca jest ciężka choroba tętnic wieńcowych. Zabieg ten poprawia przepływ krwi do serca.33
Specyficzne podejścia do różnych typów arytmii
Leczenie migotania przedsionków
Migotanie przedsionków (AFib) jest najczęstszym typem arytmii i może prowadzić do powikłań, takich jak zakrzepy i udar mózgu. Leczenie AFib obejmuje:2
- Kontrolę częstości rytmu serca – za pomocą beta-blokerów lub blokerów kanału wapniowego.1
- Kontrolę rytmu serca – za pomocą leków antyarytmicznych lub kardiowersji.2
- Zapobieganie udarom – stosowanie leków przeciwzakrzepowych.1
- Ablację – w przypadkach opornych na leczenie farmakologiczne.2
- Urządzenia zamykające uszko lewego przedsionka – alternatywa dla pacjentów, którzy nie mogą przyjmować leków przeciwzakrzepowych.2
Leczenie trzepotania przedsionków
Leczenie trzepotania przedsionków może obejmować:2
- Leki antyarytmiczne – pomagają tłumić nieprawidłowy rytm serca.
- Leki przeciwzakrzepowe – pomagają zmniejszyć ryzyko zakrzepów.
- Ablację – często bardzo skuteczna metoda leczenia trzepotania przedsionków.
Leczenie tachykardii komorowej
Tachykardia komorowa może być groźna dla życia i jej leczenie obejmuje:22
- Leki antyarytmiczne – pomagają tłumić nieprawidłowy rytm.
- Ablację – używa cewnika emitującego energię cieplną, aby zniszczyć nieprawidłowy obwód elektryczny.
- Implantowany kardiowerter-defibrylator (ICD) – utrzymuje serce bijące w zdrowym rytmie i może dostarczyć wstrząs elektryczny, aby przerwać niebezpieczną arytmię.
Leczenie bradykardii i bloków przewodzenia
Opcje leczenia dla bradykardii i bloku serca mogą obejmować:2
- Operację wszczepienia rozrusznika serca – bradykardia i blok serca są zazwyczaj leczone poprzez wszczepienie urządzenia zwanego rozrusznikiem.
- Atropinę – w przypadku niestabilnego ciśnienia krwi można podać dożylnie atropinę.1
- Leczenie choroby podstawowej – jeśli bradykardia jest spowodowana innym schorzeniem, leczenie tego schorzenia może pomóc.1
Zmiany stylu życia i profilaktyka
Oprócz leczenia medycznego, ważne są zmiany stylu życia, które mogą pomóc w kontrolowaniu zaburzeń rytmu serca i zapobieganiu ich nawrotom:11
- Zdrowa dieta – bogata w owoce, warzywa i pełne ziarna, z ograniczeniem soli i tłuszczów nasyconych.8
- Regularna aktywność fizyczna – co najmniej 30 minut dziennie.8
- Utrzymanie zdrowej masy ciała – unikanie otyłości, która może zwiększać ryzyko chorób serca.8
- Ograniczenie spożycia alkoholu – alkohol może podwyższać ciśnienie krwi.8
- Zaprzestanie palenia – nikotyna w tytoniu może podwyższać tętno i ciśnienie krwi.9
- Kontrola cholesterolu i ciśnienia krwi – zmiana nawyków i przyjmowanie przepisanych leków, aby utrzymać cholesterol i ciśnienie krwi pod kontrolą.9
- Zarządzanie stresem – techniki relaksacyjne, joga, medytacja, ćwiczenia oddechowe i akupunktura mogą pomóc zmniejszyć stres.9
- Ograniczenie kofeiny – która może przyspieszać rytm serca.8
Specjalne grupy pacjentów i przypadki szczególne
Zaburzenia rytmu serca a niewydolność serca
Jeśli arytmia powoduje objawy niewydolności serca, leczenie kontrolujące rytm serca może pomóc w lepszej pracy serca.1 Terapia resynchronizująca serce (CRT) z użyciem stymulatorów dwukomorowych może pomóc w synchronizacji pracy komór serca u pacjentów z niewydolnością serca.35
Zaburzenia rytmu serca u pacjentów z innymi chorobami towarzyszącymi
Lekarz może również omówić kroki do zarządzania przyczyną arytmii, taką jak problem z poziomem elektrolitów, nadciśnienie tętnicze, choroba serca, bezdech senny lub choroba tarczycy.1 W przypadku migotania przedsionków wynikającego z nadczynności tarczycy można zastosować leki lub zabieg chirurgiczny, a w przypadku migotania wynikającego z choroby zastawki mitralnej lub aortalnej może być konieczna wymiana uszkodzonych zastawek serca.2
Opieka po leczeniu zaburzeń rytmu serca
Po leczeniu zaburzeń rytmu serca ważne jest uzyskanie regularnych kontroli zdrowotnych, przyjmowanie leków zgodnie z zaleceniami oraz informowanie zespołu medycznego o pogorszeniu objawów.2 Pacjenci będą mieli wizyty kontrolne, aby upewnić się, że ich arytmia pozostaje pod kontrolą dzięki lekom lub leczeniu.2
Nawet po skutecznym leczeniu, niektóre arytmie mogą nawracać, zwłaszcza jeśli pacjent:2
- Nie przestrzega zaleceń dotyczących stylu życia.
- Nie przyjmuje przepisanych leków zgodnie z zaleceniami.
- Ma niekontrolowane czynniki ryzyka, takie jak nadciśnienie czy choroba wieńcowa.
Perspektywy w leczeniu zaburzeń rytmu serca
Leczenie zaburzeń rytmu serca ciągle się rozwija. Ośrodki specjalistyczne prowadzą liczne badania kliniczne nad nowymi terapiami i urządzeniami, co daje pacjentom dostęp do nowatorskich technologii, takich jak stymulatory nowej generacji, defibrylatory i narzędzia do ablacji.3 Pojawiają się również postępy w niefarmakologicznym leczeniu arytmii, takie jak:2
- Nowe techniki ablacji – unikanie całkowitego wypalania tkanki sercowej na rzecz bardziej precyzyjnych metod.
- Zaawansowane urządzenia implantowalne – z możliwością zdalnego monitorowania pracy serca.
- Miniaturowe rozruszniki bezprzewodowe – wszczepianie mniejszych i nowocześniejszych rozruszników bezpośrednio do serca za pomocą minimalnie inwazyjnej procedury.3
Znaczenie specjalistycznej opieki w leczeniu zaburzeń rytmu serca
Skuteczne leczenie zaburzeń rytmu serca wymaga często zespołu specjalistów, w tym kardiologów, elektrofizjologów (kardiologów specjalizujących się w zaburzeniach rytmu serca) oraz wykwalifikowanego personelu pielęgniarskiego.21
Elektrofizjolodzy są lekarzami, którzy specjalizują się w diagnozowaniu i leczeniu zaburzeń rytmu serca. Posiadają oni specjalistyczne wykształcenie i doświadczenie w wykonywaniu procedur takich jak badania elektrofizjologiczne, ablacja cewnikowa oraz implantacja urządzeń sterujących rytmem serca.12
Ważne jest, aby pacjenci z zaburzeniami rytmu serca byli leczeni w specjalistycznych ośrodkach kardiologicznych, które oferują kompleksową opiekę i dostęp do najnowszych metod diagnostycznych i terapeutycznych.12
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Materiały źródłowe
- #1 Heart arrhythmia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinichttps://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-arrhythmia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350674
To diagnose a heart arrhythmia, a healthcare professional examines you and asks about your medical history and symptoms. […] Treatment for a heart arrhythmia depends on whether the heart is beating too fast or too slow. Some heart arrhythmias do not need treatment. Your healthcare team may suggest regular checkups to watch your condition. […] Heart arrhythmia treatment is usually only needed if the irregular heartbeat causes significant symptoms or puts you at risk of more-serious heart problems. Treatment for heart arrhythmias may include medicines, special actions called vagal maneuvers, procedures or surgery. […] Medicines used to treat heart arrhythmias depend on the type of irregular heartbeat and possible complications. […] Other treatments for heart arrhythmias include: Vagal maneuvers. These are simple but specific actions that can slow the heart rate.
- #1 Medications for Arrhythmia | American Heart Associationhttps://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/prevention–treatment-of-arrhythmia/medications-for-arrhythmia
When taken exactly as prescribed, medications can do wonders. They can help prevent heart attack and stroke. They can also prevent complications and slow the progression of coronary heart disease. […] Some of the commonly prescribed medications used to treat arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms) are summarized in this section. […] Symptomatic tachycardias and premature beats may be treated with a variety of medications. These may be given through an IV in an emergency or orally for long-term treatment. […] In patients with atrial fibrillation, a blood thinner (anticoagulant or antiplatelet) is usually added to reduce the risk of blood clots and stroke. […] The use of antiarrhythmic medication therapy must be balanced against two disadvantages. One is that the medications must be taken daily and indefinitely. The other is the risk of side effects.
- #1 Drug cabinet: Anti-arrhythmics – BHFhttps://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/medical/drug-cabinet/anti-arrhythmics
Some abnormal heart rhythms can be treated with medication. […] An arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm and it happens as a result of a problem with the electrical impulses that regulate your heart. […] Anti-arrhythmic drugs are designed to treat an abnormality of the heart rhythm. […] Anti-arrhythmic drugs are generally the first treatment that a person is offered, because they can be started straight away and most abnormal heart rhythms respond to them. […] Anti-arrhythmics are generally the first treatment offered, because most abnormal heart rhythms respond to them. […] When treating a heart rhythm problem, sometimes its more appropriate to control the rate and frequency of the problem rather than seek to cure it. […] The most common arrhythmia is atrial fibrillation (AF), which is commonly treated with beta blockers such as atenolol, bisoprolol and metoprolol.
- #1 Arrhythmias – Treatment | NHLBI, NIHhttps://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/arrhythmias/treatment
Common arrhythmia treatments include medicines, surgery to implant devices that control your heartbeat, and other procedures to treat problems with electrical signals in your heart. […] You may need one or more medicines to treat a slow, fast, or irregular heartbeat. […] If medicines do not treat your arrhythmia adequately, you may need one of the following procedures or devices. […] Cardioversion is a procedure that uses external electric shocks to restore a normal heart rhythm. […] Catheter ablation is a procedure to stop abnormal electrical signals from moving through your heart and causing an irregular heartbeat. […] Defibrillators are devices that restore a normal heartbeat by sending an electric pulse or shock to the heart. […] A pacemaker is a small device that sends electrical pulses to help your heart beat at a normal rate and rhythm. […] Your doctor may talk to you about steps to manage the cause of your arrhythmia, such as a problem with your electrolytes levels, high blood pressure, heart disease, sleep apnea, or thyroid disease. […] Vagal maneuvers are relaxation techniques that may help slow your heart rate.
- #1 Arrhythmia Treatment Options | Froedtert & MCWhttps://www.froedtert.com/arrhythmia/treatment
Our arrhythmia specialists are experts at treating common and complex electrical disturbances of the heart. […] We start with diagnosis and work with you on a treatment plan. Treatment for an arrhythmia (irregular heart beat) may include monitoring, medication, minimally invasive procedures or surgery. […] Our first priority is to prevent a stroke related to AFib. […] Based on your stroke risk, we will recommend a blood thinner such as Warfarin, Eliquis, Pradaxa or Xarelto. […] Next, we work to control the heart rate. […] If it is too fast, we can start a medication to lower the heart rate, such as a beta blocker or calcium channel blocker. […] There are medications we can prescribe which work on pathways in the heart to prevent an irregular heart rhythm from starting. […] For a quick fix we can shock a patients heart into normal rhythm. This is called a cardioversion, and it is done under anesthesia.
- #1 Arrhythmia: Types, causes, symptoms, and treatmenthttps://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8887
An arrhythmia is an irregular heartbeat that may feel like a racing or fluttering heart. It is not always serious but can sometimes indicate a potentially fatal heart problem. […] Arrhythmias sometimes called dysrhythmias occur when the electrical signals that coordinate heartbeats are not working correctly. […] If they are highly irregular or result from a weak or damaged heart, arrhythmias can cause severe and potentially fatal symptoms and complications. […] This article also discusses treatment options, how doctors diagnose arrhythmia, possible complications, and more. […] The various arrhythmias require different treatments. […] Treatment for bradycardia may involve the following: intravenous atropine if tests show that blood pressure is unstable, warming up the person before deciding on treatment if bradycardia is due to hypothermia, providing appropriate treatment for a heart problem or other underlying condition, implanting a pacemaker.
- #1 Heart arrhythmia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinichttps://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-arrhythmia/symptoms-causes/syc-20350668
A heart arrhythmia (uh-RITH-me-uh) is an irregular heartbeat. A heart arrhythmia occurs when the electrical signals that tell the heart to beat don’t work properly. The heart may beat too fast or too slow. Or the pattern of the heartbeat may be inconsistent. […] Heart arrhythmia treatment may include medicines, devices such as pacemakers, or a procedure or surgery. The goals of treatment are to control or get rid of fast, slow or otherwise irregular heartbeats. A heart-healthy lifestyle can help prevent heart damage that can trigger some heart arrhythmias. […] Blood-thinning medicines can lower the risk of stroke related to atrial fibrillation and other heart arrhythmias. If you have a heart arrhythmia, ask a healthcare professional if you need to take a blood thinner. […] If an arrhythmia is causing heart failure symptoms, treatment to control the heart rate may help the heart work better.
- #1 Get Arrhythmia Treatment | Cleveland Clinichttps://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/arrhythmia-treatment
It could be a sign of an arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm). […] A cardiologist can start the diagnosis. If needed, they may refer you to an electrophysiologist, a cardiologist who specializes in heart rhythm conditions, so you can get started on treatment right away. […] We use the newest medications and treatments, like cardioversion and ablation, to treat atrial fibrillation. Sometimes, our providers may recommend surgery to treat this condition. […] Many things guide your arrhythmia treatment plan, including the type of arrhythmia you have and how bad it is. Sometimes, you may not need treatment. Other times, you may have one or a combination of treatments, like: […] Your provider may prescribe medications like antiarrhythmic drugs or blood thinners (anticoagulants). You may also take medications to treat other conditions that could cause abnormal heartbeats.
- #1 Arrhythmia Treatment I Ohio State Medical Centerhttps://wexnermedical.osu.edu/heart-vascular/heart-rhythm/heart-rhythm-disorders
Comprehensive treatments for heart rhythm and arrhythmia disorders […] As one of the top programs in the nation treating heart rhythm disorders, Ohio State offers cutting-edge care to treat arrhythmias: […] We are the only hospital in central Ohio and one of the first heart and vascular centers in the world to do rotor mapping of atrial fibrillation for ablation of rotors in the heart, using focal impulse and rotor modulation (FIRM) guided therapy. […] Physicians who treat heart rhythm disorders are known as electrophysiologists. […] If you are found to have a heartbeat that is too fast, you may be a candidate for catheter ablation. […] Your physician will also be able to determine if you are a candidate for a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator based on the results of your electrophysiology study.
- #1 Arrhythmia Treatment Services – Brigham and Women’s Hospitalhttps://www.brighamandwomens.org/heart-and-vascular-center/resources/arrhythmia-treatment?TRILIBIS_EMULATOR_UA=…%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%2Caqkljlpwmmk%2F1000%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn
More than 850,000 people in the United States are hospitalized for an arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm) each year. Left untreated, an arrhythmia can lead to serious, sometimes life-threatening, health problems. […] The Cardiac Arrhythmia Service at Brigham and Womens Hospital (BWH) is staffed by an expert team of electrophysiologists cardiologists who have extensive training in the diagnosis and treatment of heart rhythm problems many of whom are international experts on arrhythmias. […] Medications remain the frontline arrhythmia treatment for some abnormally fast heart rates, including atrial fibrillation. Antiarrhythmics allow physicians to stabilize the heartbeat and prevent serious complications by returning the heart to a normal rhythm. […] This procedure is used for patients who have persistent atrial fibrillation and involves sending an electrical current through the chest wall to reset the heartbeat to a normal rhythm.
- #2 Arrhythmia: Symptoms & Treatmenthttps://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16749-arrhythmia
An arrhythmia is a heart rhythm that isnt normal. Your heart may be beating too fast when youre at rest or just not beating in a regular pattern, for example. There are many options to treat arrhythmias, but some dont need them. The prognosis varies greatly depending on the type. […] A healthcare provider can tell you which type of arrhythmia you have and what kind of treatment you need, if any. […] Treatment depends on the type and severity of your arrhythmia. In some cases, no treatment is necessary. Heart arrhythmia treatment options include: Medications, Lifestyle changes, Therapies, Devices, Surgery. […] Many medications can treat arrhythmias. Because everyone is different, you may have to try several medications and doses to find the one that works best for you. Heart arrhythmia treatments include: Antiarrhythmic drugs that convert the arrhythmia to sinus rhythm (normal rhythm) or prevent an arrhythmia.
- #2 Medications for Arrhythmia | American Heart Associationhttps://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/prevention–treatment-of-arrhythmia/medications-for-arrhythmia
Many rhythm disorders, especially tachycardias, respond to medications. These medications canât cure the abnormal heart rhythm, but they can improve symptoms. They do this by preventing the episodes from starting, decreasing the heart rate during the episode or shortening how long it lasts. […] All medications have side effects, including drugs to treat abnormal heart rhythms. Most of the side effects arenât serious and disappear when the dose is adjusted or the medication is stopped. But some side effects are very serious.
- #2 Arrhythmia Drugs: List of Drugs That Treat Arrhythmiahttps://www.healthline.com/health/arrhythmia/drugs
If you have angina (chest pain), high or low blood pressure, and an arrhythmia, your doctor may prescribe a calcium channel blocker. […] These drugs can also slow your heart rate. A reduced heart rate and lowered blood pressure reduce the strain on your heart and reduce your risk of an arrhythmia. […] If you’ve been diagnosed with tachycardia, your doctor may prescribe a beta-blocker. […] Beta-blockers stop the action of the hormone adrenaline. This can relieve your tachycardia by slowing your heart rate. It can also lower your blood pressure and decrease the stress on your heart. […] An anticoagulant is a blood-thinning medication. Your doctor may prescribe an anticoagulant if your arrhythmia puts you at risk of clots or stroke caused by a clot. […] Anticoagulants don’t fix your heart rhythm problem. They only help reduce the risk of blood clots caused by certain arrhythmias.
- #2 Arrhythmia: Symptoms & Treatmenthttps://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16749-arrhythmia
In addition to medicine, some people need therapies to treat or eliminate irregular heart rhythms. Your healthcare provider will determine the best treatment for you and discuss the benefits and risks of these therapies with you. […] A cardiologist may insert certain devices during a procedure in the electrophysiology lab. Devices to treat a heart arrhythmia include: Permanent pacemaker, Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), Biventricular (B-V) pacemakers and defibrillators (also called cardiac resynchronization therapy or CRT). […] People with arrhythmias may require heart surgery for any of these reasons: To treat heart disease that may be causing the arrhythmia, including valve surgery or coronary artery bypass surgery.
- #2 Understanding Arrhythmia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Optionshttps://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/heart-disease-abnormal-heart-rhythm
Arrhythmia Treatment […] Treatment will depend on what type of arrhythmia you have. Your doctor may recommend one or more of these. […] Medications […] Medicines that treat uneven heart rhythms include: […] Adenosine (Adenocard) […] Atropine (Atropen) […] Beta-blockers […] Calcium channel blockers […] Digoxin (Digitek, Digox, Lanoxin) […] Potassium channel blockers […] Sodium channel blockers […] Vagal maneuvers […] These techniques trigger your body to relax by affecting your vagus nerve, which helps control your heart rate. Your doctor might tell you to: […] Cough or gag […] Hold your breath and bear down (Valsalva maneuver) […] Lie down […] Put a cold, wet towel over your face […] Electrical cardioversion […] If drugs can’t control an uneven heart rhythm (such as atrial fibrillation), you might need cardioversion. For this, you will be given a sedative to keep you asleep during the procedure. Then, your doctor will send an electrical shock to your chest wall to trigger your hearts regular rhythm.
- #2 Heart arrhythmia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinichttps://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-arrhythmia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350674
Cardioversion. Paddles or patches on the chest are used to give an electrical shock to the heart and help reset the heart rhythm. […] In catheter ablation, one or more thin, flexible tubes called catheters are passed through a blood vessel and guided to the heart. […] A pacemaker helps the heart keep a steady beat. […] Treatment for heart arrhythmias also may involve a procedure or surgery to place a heart device in your body. […] Types of procedures and surgeries used to treat heart arrhythmias include: Catheter ablation. […] Pacemaker. […] Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). […] Maze procedure. […] Coronary bypass graft surgery. […] After treatment for irregular heartbeats, it’s important to get regular health checkups. Take your medicines as directed. Tell your healthcare team if your symptoms get worse.
- #2 Heart Arrhythmia Treatments | Irregular Heartbeat Treatments | MedStar Healthhttps://www.medstarhealth.org/services/arrhythmia-treatments
Your doctor may recommend one of the following treatment options if your heartbeat is too fast or irregular: Cardiac ablation, which destroys a small area of heart tissue thats causing irregular heart rhythms. […] Electrical cardioversion, which uses electricity to restore a normal heart rhythm. […] Pulmonary vein isolation, a type of cardiac ablation that targets the hearts pulmonary veins, which often are the starting point for atrial fibrillation (AFib). […] Pulsed field ablation is a catheter-based, non-thermal technique that emits a series of high-intensity energy pulses to electroporate target cells rather than burn or freeze them. […] Your doctor may recommend an implantable device for ongoing control of your heart rhythm condition. The devices we offer include: Pacemaker, which is used primarily to treat heart rhythms that are too slow
- #2 Understanding Arrhythmia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Optionshttps://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/heart-disease-abnormal-heart-rhythm
Pacemaker […] This device sends small electrical impulses to your heart muscle to keep a safe heart rate. It includes a pulse generator (which houses the battery and a tiny computer) and wires that send impulses to the heart muscle. […] Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) […] Doctors mainly use ICDs to treat ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, two life-threatening heart rhythms. […] The ICD constantly tracks your heart rhythm. When it detects a very fast, unusual rhythm, it delivers an electric shock to the heart muscle to make it beat in a regular rhythm again. The ICD has two parts: the leads and a pulse generator. The leads are made up of wires and sensors that monitor the heart rhythm and deliver energy used for pacing or defibrillation. The generator houses the battery and a tiny computer. Energy is stored in the battery until it is needed. The computer receives information from the leads to determine how the heart is beating.
- #2 Virginia & West Virginia Heart Rhythm Disorder Treatment | Valley Healthhttps://www.valleyhealthlink.com/our-services/heart-vascular/conditions-treatments/heart-rhythm-disorders/
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) an irregular, often rapid heartbeat is the most common heart rhythm disorder, affecting an estimated 3 to 6 million Americans. Patients with AFib have an increased risk of stroke, heart failure and other complications. They often require treatment with medications or procedures to normalize the heart rhythm and to reduce stroke risk. […] For patients with AFib who are at high risk for stroke and cannot take blood thinners, specialists at Valley Health offer an alternative to long-term blood thinning medications: implantable devices that block or close off the LAA to keep clots from entering the blood stream and potentially causing a stroke. The device is placed in the heart using a minimally invasive procedure. […] Treatment options include medications to control heart rate or ablation to restore a regular heartbeat. For patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia, which can lead to sudden cardiac death, our specialists may place an implantable cardiac defibrillator.
- #2 Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) Treatment Optionshttps://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/atrial-fibrillation-treatment
If meds for atrial fibrillation don’t work for you or cause too many side effects, there are surgical and nonsurgical options for treating it. […] During this procedure, you’ll get a mild electric shock to your heart to „reset” your heart back to a more normal rhythm. […] Atrial fibrillation ablation. It works by disrupting irregular electrical pathways in your heart. […] For some people, ablation restores a normal heart rhythm better than medications. […] If your AFib is a result of problems such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, or an overactive thyroid, you’ll need to treat the root cause. […] Right now, there’s no cure for it. But certain treatments can make symptoms go away for a long time for some people. […] Treatments include medications, procedures such as cardioversion or ablation, and lifestyle changes such as exercising and eating a healthy diet. […] There is no cure for AFib. But there are many different options for treating AFib, so you can manage the condition and help prevent severe symptoms.
- #2 Heart Arrhythmia Types and Treatment – San Diego – Scripps Healthhttps://www.scripps.org/services/heart-care/arrhythmia
Treatment for AFib may include: Antiarrhythmic medications suppress abnormal heart rhythm. Anticoagulation medications reduce the risk of blood clots. Many patients with AFib have an increased risk of stroke and other problems requiring blood-thinning medications. […] Treatment for atrial flutter may include: Antiarrhythmic medications help suppress the abnormal heart rhythm. Anticoagulation medication helps reduce the risk of blood clots. […] Treatment for atrial tachycardia may include: Antiarrhythmic medications help suppress abnormal rhythm. Radiofrequency ablation uses a catheter emitting heat energy, advanced from the upper leg into the heart to cauterize the abnormal electrical circuit. […] Treatment for ventricular tachycardia may include: Antiarrhythmic medications that help suppress the abnormal rhythm. Radiofrequency ablation uses a catheter emitting heat energy, advanced from the upper leg into the heart to cauterize the abnormal electrical circuit. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) keeps the heart beating at a healthy rate. The device is implanted under the skin, delivering silent pacing treatment or a shock to stop abnormal heart rhythms. […] Treatment options for bradycardia and heart block may include: Heart pacemaker surgery. Bradycardia and heart block arrhythmias are typically treated with implantation of a device called a pacemaker.
- #2 Heart Arrhythmias: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments | Temple Healthhttps://www.templehealth.org/about/blog/all-about-heart-arrhythmias
But, further treatments depends on the type of arrhythmia and severity, but it can include medications, such as antiarrhythmic drugs; minimally-invasive cardiac ablation procedures that use radiofrequency energy to destroy small areas of abnormal heart tissue; defibrillators, which provide emergency therapy to save your life from lethal arrhythmias, if needed; and pacemakers, to correct the slow heartbeats of bradycardia. […] If left untreated, AFib only becomes harder and harder to treat, and it increases the risk of stroke. […] The treatment for ventricular tachycardia is often multi-pronged: an implanted cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) to terminate an event of VT and save your life as needed, and sometimes a medication or ablation procedure to prevent this arrhythmia from recurring.
- #2 Heart Rhythm Disorders (Arrhythmias) Types, Triggers, Warning Signs, Treatmenthttps://www.medicinenet.com/heart_rhythm_disorders/article.htm
For atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response, the initial goal is to slow the rate and maintain normal blood pressure. Calcium channel blockers like diltiazem and beta blockers like metoprolol may be used intravenously to control the rate. Digoxin is a second-line medication that may be helpful when first-line medications fail. In unstable patients, with chest pain, shortness of breath, or decreased consciousness, cardioversion with an electric shock may be required. The decision to electively convert A-fib to normal sinus rhythm depends upon the patient and situation and is often a decision left to the primary care professional. The question regarding anticoagulation also will need to be addressed.
- #2 Get Arrhythmia Treatment | Cleveland Clinichttps://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/arrhythmia-treatment
Sometimes, you may need different treatments to manage or stop arrhythmias. Your care team will go over recommended options. You may have: […] Some arrhythmias respond well to implantable devices like a permanent pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). […] There are many reasons why your care team may recommend surgery to treat arrhythmia. […] Another option could be the Convergent procedure (CONVERGE). Using a combination of minimally invasive surgery and catheter ablation, this is a new treatment option for advanced, ongoing (persistent) atrial fibrillation. […] Your provider will go over what to expect after treatment. […] Youll have follow-up appointments to make sure your arrhythmia stays under control with medications or treatment. […] Cleveland Clinics leading cardiology team will find the best treatment for you.
- #2https://www.gleneagles.com.sg/tests-treatments/irregular-heart-rhythm-treatment
If your arrhythmia is serious, you may need a permanent cardiac pacemaker. […] If your arrhythmia is serious, you may need an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). […] Surgical ablation, also known as a maze procedure, is a major surgery done under general anaesthesia. […] The goal of irregular heart rhythm treatment is to: […] Your doctor may advise irregular heart rhythm treatment if your: […] Studies indicate that catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation successfully improves the condition at a rate of 95 – 98%, even after medication is stopped. […] Clinical studies have also demonstrated that catheter ablation: […] Depending on the treatment, side effects of arrhythmia treatment can include: […] After your treatment, your irregular heart rhythm may recur especially if you:
- #2https://www.premierhealth.com/your-health/articles/women-wisdom-wellness-/be-still-my-heart-the-latest-in-arrhythmia-treatment
In electrical cardioversion, you are temporarily put to sleep, and low-energy electrical shocks are given to your heart to trigger a normal rhythm. […] Implants can be used to treat arrhythmia. […] The WATCHMAN is an implant placed in the heart’s left atrial appendage (LAA). […] Other advancements have been made in treating heart arrhythmias. […] These treatment advances include: […] With this procedure, a thin, flexible tube (catheter) is inserted into an artery in the groin. […] If successful, the heart will return to a normal rhythm. […] A newer technique to cure atrial fibrillation is to avoid burning altogether, and using a catheter that has a balloon on it that gets advanced into each of those veins. […] The surgeon creates small cuts in the upper part of the heart and then stitches them together. […] If you have an arrhythmia, rest assured that treatments continue to advance.
- #2 Arrhythmia Treatment I Ohio State Medical Centerhttps://wexnermedical.osu.edu/heart-vascular/heart-rhythm/heart-rhythm-disorders
Your electrophysiologist will position the pacing catheters into the heart using X-rays to guide positioning of the catheters. […] The results of the EP study may indicate a need to implant a pacemaker to treat a slow heart rhythm, or to implant a implantable cardioverter defibrillator to treat a rapid heart rhythm from the bottom chamber of the heart. […] Your cardiologist may recommend radiofrequency catheter ablation to manage paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. […] Radiofrequency ablation is often quite successful, with a success rate of about 96 98%. […] The electrophysiology team at Ohio State Ross Heart Hospital consists of the largest group of electrophysiologists in central Ohio as well as more than 100 nursing staff members dedicated to the care of patients with heart rhythm problems.
- #2 Arrhythmia Treatment Options – Brigham and Women’s Hospitalhttps://www.brighamandwomens.org/medical-resources/arrhythmia-treatment
Surgical procedures. If medications and non-surgical procedures do not work, surgical procedures are used for arrhythmia treatment. Surgical ablation requires the chest to be opened and the heart exposed, and is usually performed at the same time as another cardiac procedure such as bypass surgery or valve repair and replacement. […] Patients at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) receive world-class arrhythmia treatment through the Cardiac Arrhythmia Service in the Heart Vascular Center. […] Through the Center, patients have access to top specialists in the field of arrhythmia, and to multidisciplinary teams of nurses, technicians, fellows and research assistants, all dedicated to delivering the highest quality of care to our patients. […] Learn more about Arrhythmia Treatment and other Cardiovascular Services at Brigham and Womens Hospital.
- #3 Heart Arrhythmia Treatments | Irregular Heartbeat Treatments | MedStar Healthhttps://www.medstarhealth.org/services/arrhythmia-treatments
Biventricular pacemaker, used in cardiac resynchronization therapy to keep the hearts chambers pumping together in patients with heart failure. […] Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), which monitor your heart for fast or irregular heartbeats and treat them to restore a normal heartbeat. […] You may need surgery if you havent responded to other forms of treatment. One such surgery is the Maze procedure, which creates a maze-like pattern of scar tissue on the heart to interfere with electrical signals causing your arrhythmia. […] Another procedure is coronary artery bypass surgery. Your doctor may recommend this procedure if you have severe coronary artery disease thats causing your heart rhythm condition. […] We are leaders in developing and using the latest procedures and technologies to treat heart rhythm disorders, and our cardiac electrophysiology laboratory is one of the most sophisticated in North America.
- #3 Heart arrhythmia – Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment | MedPark Hospitalhttps://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/heart-arrhythmia
An ICD implanted under the skin near the collarbone delivers either a high- or low-energy shock to restore normal heartbeats if it detects abnormal heart rhythms. This method is for people with ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, cardiac arrest, or higher risks of sudden cardiac arrest. […] Coronary bypass surgery: It is for people with heart arrhythmia accompanied by severe coronary artery disease. Coronary bypass surgery improves the blood flow to the heart. […] In patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing open heart surgery for other indications, the doctor may consider adding a concurrent maze procedure to cure the atrial fibrillation.
- #3 Heart Rhythm Disorders | Clinical Heart and Vascular Center | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Centerhttps://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/heart-rhythm-disorders/
If medications cannot be tolerated or do not significantly reduce arrhythmias, patients may be a candidate for one or more minimally invasive heart rhythm management procedures. […] Our Heart Rhythm Management team is involved in numerous clinical trials of new treatments and devices, which means our patients have the first available access to novel technologies such as next-generation pacemakers, defibrillators, and ablation tools.
- #3 Virginia & West Virginia Heart Rhythm Disorder Treatment | Valley Healthhttps://www.valleyhealthlink.com/our-services/heart-vascular/conditions-treatments/heart-rhythm-disorders/
If it is more severe and causes symptoms such as fatigue, lightheadedness or shortness of breath, an implanted pacemaker can return the heart rate to normal. Valley Healths arrhythmia specialists can also implant a newer and smaller type of leadless pacemaker directly in the heart using a minimally invasive procedure.
- #5 Understanding Arrhythmia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Optionshttps://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/heart-disease-abnormal-heart-rhythm
Also known as cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), these types of implantable devices help sync up your heart’s contractions so that the left and right sides of the lower chambers pump together to deliver oxygen-rich blood to your body. The devices are made up of three wire leads and a pulse generator, which contains a battery and a tiny computer. […] When the pacemaker picks up on an abnormal rhythm, it sends electrical pulses through your heart’s chambers to coordinate the contractions. The electrical signals are painless, and most people don’t even feel the synchronization happening. […] Catheter ablation […] Think of this procedure as rewiring to fix an electrical problem in your heart. […] Your doctor will insert a catheter through your leg. It delivers high-frequency electrical energy to a small area inside your heart that causes the unusual rhythm. This energy disconnects the pathway of the unusual rhythm.
- #6 Understanding Arrhythmia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Optionshttps://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/heart-disease-abnormal-heart-rhythm
Doctors use ablation to treat most PSVTs, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and some atrial and ventricular tachycardias. […] Pulmonary vein isolation […] This type of catheter ablation treats arrhythmias by targeting your pulmonary veins, which bring oxygen-rich blood to your heart. These veins are where the abnormal electrical signals that cause irregular heart rhythm usually start. […] Pulmonary vein isolation uses very hot or cold temperatures to create scar tissue inside these veins, which will keep the faulty electrical signals from reaching your heart. This therapy can happen in two ways: […] Radiofrequency ablation. This more common choice uses heat from radio waves to destroy targeted tissue areas. […] Cryoablation. This method uses very cold temperatures to freeze and destroy specific tissue.
- #7 Understanding Arrhythmia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Optionshttps://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/heart-disease-abnormal-heart-rhythm
Cardiac surgery […] There are a few surgical treatment options: […] Coronary bypass surgery. This surgery helps improve blood flow to your heart. This procedure creates a new pathway for blood to get to the heart when there’s a clogged or partially blocked artery. A healthy blood vessel from the chest or leg is connected beneath the blocked artery to open up a new passageway. […] Mitral valve repair or replacement. This option either repairs problems with this particular valve, which is located between the left heart chambers, or replaces it with a mechanical valve or one made from cow, pig, or human heart tissue. […] The maze procedure. During this procedure, your surgeon makes a series, or maze, of cuts in your heart’s upper chambers. The goal is to keep your heart’s electrical impulses only on certain pathways. Some people need a pacemaker afterward. The maze procedure is often done in combination with coronary bypass surgery and mitral valve repair or replacement.
- #8 Understanding Arrhythmia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Optionshttps://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/heart-disease-abnormal-heart-rhythm
Lifestyle and alternative treatments […] Alongside different medical treatments, your doctor may also suggest lifestyle changes and techniques to keep your heart healthy and help you manage arrhythmias. […] Change what you eat. Incorporate more heart-healthy foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while limiting salt and solid fats. You may also want to limit caffeine because it can speed up your heart rate. […] Exercise often. Shoot for at least 30 minutes a day. This can help you keep a healthy weight and avoid obesity, which can raise your chances of heart disease. […] Drink moderately. Aim to cut back or stop drinking, as alcohol can raise your blood pressure. Moderate drinking for women of all ages and men older than 65 is up to one drink a day, and for men aged 65 and younger, it’s up to two drinks a day.
- #9 Understanding Arrhythmia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Optionshttps://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/heart-disease-abnormal-heart-rhythm
Control cholesterol and blood pressure. Change your habits and take any prescribed medications to keep your cholesterol levels and blood pressure in check. […] Quit smoking. Nicotine in tobacco can raise both your heart rate and blood pressure. Talk with your doctor about strategies to break the habit. […] Limit stress. Managing stress can also help lower the chances of irregular heart rate or keep it from happening altogether. Some stress-relief techniques for arrhythmia include yoga, meditation, breathing exercises, and acupuncture.