Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Child Intussusception – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431078/

  Several agents, including glucagon and dexamethasone, have been examined to improve the success rate of enema reduction. Accordingly, the outcomes of adding dexamethasone were found to be promising. However, evidence suggesting the significant effect of adding glucagon in the success rate of enema reduction was lacking. […] The prognosis for intussusception is excellent if treated quickly, but if untreated it can lead to death within two to five days. The longer the intestine segment is prolapsed and the longer it goes without a blood supply, the less effective a non-surgical reduction. Prolonged intussusception increases bowel ischemia and necrosis, requiring surgical resection.

• #2 Intussusception: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/930708-overview

  The prognosis in patients with intussusception is excellent if the condition is diagnosed and treated early; otherwise, severe complications and death may occur. […] The recurrence rate of intussusception after nonoperative reduction is usually less than 10% but has been reported to be as high as 15%. […] More than 1 recurrence suggests the presence of a lead point. […] A recurrence is usually heralded by the onset of the same symptoms as appeared during the initial event. […] The recurrence rates after air enema and barium enema are 4% and 10%, respectively. […] Recurrences respond to nonoperative reduction in almost 95% of cases. […] With early diagnosis, appropriate fluid resuscitation, and therapy, the mortality rate from intussusception in children is less than 1%. If left untreated, this condition is uniformly fatal in 2-5 days.

• #3 Child Intussusception – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431078/

  Several agents, including glucagon and dexamethasone, have been examined to improve the success rate of enema reduction. Accordingly, the outcomes of adding dexamethasone were found to be promising. However, evidence suggesting the significant effect of adding glucagon in the success rate of enema reduction was lacking. […] The prognosis for intussusception is excellent if treated quickly, but if untreated it can lead to death within two to five days. The longer the intestine segment is prolapsed and the longer it goes without a blood supply, the less effective a non-surgical reduction. Prolonged intussusception increases bowel ischemia and necrosis, requiring surgical resection.

• #4 Intussusception: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/930708-overview

  The prognosis in patients with intussusception is excellent if the condition is diagnosed and treated early; otherwise, severe complications and death may occur. […] The recurrence rate of intussusception after nonoperative reduction is usually less than 10% but has been reported to be as high as 15%. […] More than 1 recurrence suggests the presence of a lead point. […] A recurrence is usually heralded by the onset of the same symptoms as appeared during the initial event. […] The recurrence rates after air enema and barium enema are 4% and 10%, respectively. […] Recurrences respond to nonoperative reduction in almost 95% of cases. […] With early diagnosis, appropriate fluid resuscitation, and therapy, the mortality rate from intussusception in children is less than 1%. If left untreated, this condition is uniformly fatal in 2-5 days.

• #5 Clinical profile and treatment outcome of acute intussusception among children in eastern Ethiopia: A seven years retrospective study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9742419/

  In this chart review, the overall mortality rate in children was relatively high. One in seven children died from acute intussusception. Age less than 24 months, preoperative vital signs, intraoperative findings, and postoperative complications were significantly associated with acute intussusception treatment outcomes. […] The overall mortality in children with acute intussusception was 13.3% (95% CL: 11.814.8). […] The Chi-square (2) test showed that there was a statistically significant association between age less than 24 months and treatment outcome of acute intussusception [X2=8.13(df=1); p=0.004]. Moreover, preoperative vital signs [X2=19.21(df=2); p=0.000], intraoperative findings [X2=18.89 (df=1); p=0.000], and postoperative complications [X2=14.60 (df=1); p=0.000] were significantly associated with treatment outcome of acute intussusception. […] Delayed presentation of patients and lack of other treatment modalities such as non-surgical interventions are serious concerns in this facility. The initiation of non-surgical reduction may reduce the need for surgical intervention-related complications, and child mortality.

• #6 Factors determining clinical outcomes in intussusception in the developing world: Experience from Johannesburg, South Africa

  http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742016000200021

  Intussusception is not a benign condition; on the contrary, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A prolonged DOS, invariably due to socioeconomic, infrastructural and health management factors, and a raised CRP level are predictors for outcomes in intussusception. The use of DOS and CRP in association with other clinical factors may assist clinicians in making management decisions, specifically regarding operative or non-operative management.

• #7 Child Intussusception – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431078/

  Several agents, including glucagon and dexamethasone, have been examined to improve the success rate of enema reduction. Accordingly, the outcomes of adding dexamethasone were found to be promising. However, evidence suggesting the significant effect of adding glucagon in the success rate of enema reduction was lacking. […] The prognosis for intussusception is excellent if treated quickly, but if untreated it can lead to death within two to five days. The longer the intestine segment is prolapsed and the longer it goes without a blood supply, the less effective a non-surgical reduction. Prolonged intussusception increases bowel ischemia and necrosis, requiring surgical resection.

• #8 Factors determining clinical outcomes in intussusception in the developing world: Experience from Johannesburg, South Africa

  http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742016000200021

  Factors determining clinical outcomes in intussusception in the developing world: Experience from Johannesburg, South Africa […] Rates of open reduction of intussusception were noted to be unacceptably high during an institutional internal audit. To determine the impact of revised protocols to better select patients for pneumatic reduction (PR), and document associated morbidity and mortality, and the factors that affect the above. Prolonged DOS and a raised CRP level predicted a poor outcome. Despite marked improvements in management and PR outcomes, intussusception remains associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Prolonged DOS and an elevated CRP predict worse outcomes. […] Intussusception is classically divided into idiopathic and pathological causes, with idiopathic intussusception typically occurring between the ages of 6 months and 3 years. If intussusception is not rapidly reduced, congestion and subsequent ischaemia of the bowel wall will result, with necrosis, perforation and death as possible outcomes.

• #9 Factors determining clinical outcomes in intussusception in the developing world: Experience from Johannesburg, South Africa

  http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742016000200021

  The average DOS before presentation was 3.0 (SD 2.2) days in our series, which is similar to other series from developing countries. However, this compares poorly with data from the developed world, where the majority of patients have had mere hours of symptoms before presentation. The average DOS for a successful pneumatic reduction in our series is 1.9 (SD 1.3) days, which suggests that stringent protocols excluding attempts at PR in cases with symptoms longer than 24 hours are not well founded. […] It is important to clarify that prolonged DOS results in a poor outcome, while a raised CRP level is a marker of, but not contributory to, poor outcome. A raised CRP is predictive of failure of PR and relook laparotomy. Our results concur with previous studies indicating an association of failed PR with a raised CRP.

• #10 Long-Term Survival in 241 Cases of Intussusception in Cattle and Factors Associated with Mortality

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/5/676

  Intussusception is a frequent cause of mechanical ileus in cattle. However, the prognosis of intussusception is poorly documented and long-term survival, meaning until slaughter or natural death, has never been described. This study aimed to determine survival of cattle surgically treated for intussusception and to identify risk factors associated with mortality. Overall survival was 44.8% until discharge and 39.0% of all animals could complete their life cycle and were eligible for slaughter. Risk factors for mortality were male sex, age < 226 days, heart rate > 95 beats per minute, packed cell volume < 36.5% and time to referral > 4.5 days. […] The prognosis of intussusception is poorly documented. A retrospective multicenter study on 336 cases is available, but only documents postoperative survival (43%) and overall survival rate until discharge (35%) for 57 and 46 animals, respectively. […] The long-term prognosis for intussusception in cattle appears to be fair. Factors identified in this study may aid in the decision-making process in cases with presumed intussusception to perform the surgery or opt for euthanasia.

• #11 Factors determining clinical outcomes in intussusception in the developing world: Experience from Johannesburg, South Africa

  http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742016000200021

  The average DOS before presentation was 3.0 (SD 2.2) days in our series, which is similar to other series from developing countries. However, this compares poorly with data from the developed world, where the majority of patients have had mere hours of symptoms before presentation. The average DOS for a successful pneumatic reduction in our series is 1.9 (SD 1.3) days, which suggests that stringent protocols excluding attempts at PR in cases with symptoms longer than 24 hours are not well founded. […] It is important to clarify that prolonged DOS results in a poor outcome, while a raised CRP level is a marker of, but not contributory to, poor outcome. A raised CRP is predictive of failure of PR and relook laparotomy. Our results concur with previous studies indicating an association of failed PR with a raised CRP.

• #12 Factors determining clinical outcomes in intussusception in the developing world: Experience from Johannesburg, South Africa

  http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742016000200021

  Intussusception is not a benign condition; on the contrary, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A prolonged DOS, invariably due to socioeconomic, infrastructural and health management factors, and a raised CRP level are predictors for outcomes in intussusception. The use of DOS and CRP in association with other clinical factors may assist clinicians in making management decisions, specifically regarding operative or non-operative management.

• #13 Clinical profile and treatment outcome of acute intussusception among children in eastern Ethiopia: A seven years retrospective study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9742419/

  In this chart review, the overall mortality rate in children was relatively high. One in seven children died from acute intussusception. Age less than 24 months, preoperative vital signs, intraoperative findings, and postoperative complications were significantly associated with acute intussusception treatment outcomes. […] The overall mortality in children with acute intussusception was 13.3% (95% CL: 11.814.8). […] The Chi-square (2) test showed that there was a statistically significant association between age less than 24 months and treatment outcome of acute intussusception [X2=8.13(df=1); p=0.004]. Moreover, preoperative vital signs [X2=19.21(df=2); p=0.000], intraoperative findings [X2=18.89 (df=1); p=0.000], and postoperative complications [X2=14.60 (df=1); p=0.000] were significantly associated with treatment outcome of acute intussusception. […] Delayed presentation of patients and lack of other treatment modalities such as non-surgical interventions are serious concerns in this facility. The initiation of non-surgical reduction may reduce the need for surgical intervention-related complications, and child mortality.

• #14 Clinical profile and treatment outcome of acute intussusception among children in eastern Ethiopia: A seven years retrospective study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9742419/

  In this chart review, the overall mortality rate in children was relatively high. One in seven children died from acute intussusception. Age less than 24 months, preoperative vital signs, intraoperative findings, and postoperative complications were significantly associated with acute intussusception treatment outcomes. […] The overall mortality in children with acute intussusception was 13.3% (95% CL: 11.814.8). […] The Chi-square (2) test showed that there was a statistically significant association between age less than 24 months and treatment outcome of acute intussusception [X2=8.13(df=1); p=0.004]. Moreover, preoperative vital signs [X2=19.21(df=2); p=0.000], intraoperative findings [X2=18.89 (df=1); p=0.000], and postoperative complications [X2=14.60 (df=1); p=0.000] were significantly associated with treatment outcome of acute intussusception. […] Delayed presentation of patients and lack of other treatment modalities such as non-surgical interventions are serious concerns in this facility. The initiation of non-surgical reduction may reduce the need for surgical intervention-related complications, and child mortality.

• #15 Clinical profile and treatment outcome of acute intussusception among children in eastern Ethiopia: A seven years retrospective study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9742419/

  In this chart review, the overall mortality rate in children was relatively high. One in seven children died from acute intussusception. Age less than 24 months, preoperative vital signs, intraoperative findings, and postoperative complications were significantly associated with acute intussusception treatment outcomes. […] The overall mortality in children with acute intussusception was 13.3% (95% CL: 11.814.8). […] The Chi-square (2) test showed that there was a statistically significant association between age less than 24 months and treatment outcome of acute intussusception [X2=8.13(df=1); p=0.004]. Moreover, preoperative vital signs [X2=19.21(df=2); p=0.000], intraoperative findings [X2=18.89 (df=1); p=0.000], and postoperative complications [X2=14.60 (df=1); p=0.000] were significantly associated with treatment outcome of acute intussusception. […] Delayed presentation of patients and lack of other treatment modalities such as non-surgical interventions are serious concerns in this facility. The initiation of non-surgical reduction may reduce the need for surgical intervention-related complications, and child mortality.

• #16 Clinical profile and treatment outcome of acute intussusception among children in eastern Ethiopia: A seven years retrospective study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9742419/

  In this chart review, the overall mortality rate in children was relatively high. One in seven children died from acute intussusception. Age less than 24 months, preoperative vital signs, intraoperative findings, and postoperative complications were significantly associated with acute intussusception treatment outcomes. […] The overall mortality in children with acute intussusception was 13.3% (95% CL: 11.814.8). […] The Chi-square (2) test showed that there was a statistically significant association between age less than 24 months and treatment outcome of acute intussusception [X2=8.13(df=1); p=0.004]. Moreover, preoperative vital signs [X2=19.21(df=2); p=0.000], intraoperative findings [X2=18.89 (df=1); p=0.000], and postoperative complications [X2=14.60 (df=1); p=0.000] were significantly associated with treatment outcome of acute intussusception. […] Delayed presentation of patients and lack of other treatment modalities such as non-surgical interventions are serious concerns in this facility. The initiation of non-surgical reduction may reduce the need for surgical intervention-related complications, and child mortality.

• #17 Long-Term Survival in 241 Cases of Intussusception in Cattle and Factors Associated with Mortality

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/5/676

  Intussusception is a frequent cause of mechanical ileus in cattle. However, the prognosis of intussusception is poorly documented and long-term survival, meaning until slaughter or natural death, has never been described. This study aimed to determine survival of cattle surgically treated for intussusception and to identify risk factors associated with mortality. Overall survival was 44.8% until discharge and 39.0% of all animals could complete their life cycle and were eligible for slaughter. Risk factors for mortality were male sex, age < 226 days, heart rate > 95 beats per minute, packed cell volume < 36.5% and time to referral > 4.5 days. […] The prognosis of intussusception is poorly documented. A retrospective multicenter study on 336 cases is available, but only documents postoperative survival (43%) and overall survival rate until discharge (35%) for 57 and 46 animals, respectively. […] The long-term prognosis for intussusception in cattle appears to be fair. Factors identified in this study may aid in the decision-making process in cases with presumed intussusception to perform the surgery or opt for euthanasia.

• #18 Long-Term Survival in 241 Cases of Intussusception in Cattle and Factors Associated with Mortality

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/5/676

  Intussusception is a frequent cause of mechanical ileus in cattle. However, the prognosis of intussusception is poorly documented and long-term survival, meaning until slaughter or natural death, has never been described. This study aimed to determine survival of cattle surgically treated for intussusception and to identify risk factors associated with mortality. Overall survival was 44.8% until discharge and 39.0% of all animals could complete their life cycle and were eligible for slaughter. Risk factors for mortality were male sex, age < 226 days, heart rate > 95 beats per minute, packed cell volume < 36.5% and time to referral > 4.5 days. […] The prognosis of intussusception is poorly documented. A retrospective multicenter study on 336 cases is available, but only documents postoperative survival (43%) and overall survival rate until discharge (35%) for 57 and 46 animals, respectively. […] The long-term prognosis for intussusception in cattle appears to be fair. Factors identified in this study may aid in the decision-making process in cases with presumed intussusception to perform the surgery or opt for euthanasia.

• #19 Long-Term Survival in 241 Cases of Intussusception in Cattle and Factors Associated with Mortality

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/5/676

  Intussusception is a frequent cause of mechanical ileus in cattle. However, the prognosis of intussusception is poorly documented and long-term survival, meaning until slaughter or natural death, has never been described. This study aimed to determine survival of cattle surgically treated for intussusception and to identify risk factors associated with mortality. Overall survival was 44.8% until discharge and 39.0% of all animals could complete their life cycle and were eligible for slaughter. Risk factors for mortality were male sex, age < 226 days, heart rate > 95 beats per minute, packed cell volume < 36.5% and time to referral > 4.5 days. […] The prognosis of intussusception is poorly documented. A retrospective multicenter study on 336 cases is available, but only documents postoperative survival (43%) and overall survival rate until discharge (35%) for 57 and 46 animals, respectively. […] The long-term prognosis for intussusception in cattle appears to be fair. Factors identified in this study may aid in the decision-making process in cases with presumed intussusception to perform the surgery or opt for euthanasia.

• #20 A comprehensive scoring system for the better prediction of bowel resection in pediatric intussusception | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text

  https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12876-024-03243-6

  Our findings revealed that the most predictive factors for bowel resection included the presence of bloody stool, prolonged disease duration, and the location of intussusceptions. […] Given the high incidence of bowel loss associated with these variables, timely surgical consultation should be considered, and early surgical intervention may prove beneficial in preventing bowel necrosis, even in cases where air reduction is not attempted. […] In summary, the present study detected several clinical variables that could clearly separate patients with potential bowel loss, which should be considered for early referral to paediatric surgical centres to prevent gastrointestinal loss.

• #21 A comprehensive scoring system for the better prediction of bowel resection in pediatric intussusception | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text

  https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12876-024-03243-6

  Our findings revealed that the most predictive factors for bowel resection included the presence of bloody stool, prolonged disease duration, and the location of intussusceptions. […] Given the high incidence of bowel loss associated with these variables, timely surgical consultation should be considered, and early surgical intervention may prove beneficial in preventing bowel necrosis, even in cases where air reduction is not attempted. […] In summary, the present study detected several clinical variables that could clearly separate patients with potential bowel loss, which should be considered for early referral to paediatric surgical centres to prevent gastrointestinal loss.

• #22 A comprehensive scoring system for the better prediction of bowel resection in pediatric intussusception | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text

  https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12876-024-03243-6

  Intussusception presents a significant emergency that often necessitates bowel resection, leading to severe complications and management challenges. This study aims to investigate and establish a scoring system to enhance the prediction of bowel resection necessity in pediatric intussusception patients. […] A scoring system (totaling 14.02 points) was developed from the cumulative coefficients, with a threshold of 5.22 effectively differentiating infants requiring surgical intervention from others with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), exhibiting a sensitivity of 78.3% and a specificity of 71.9%. […] This study successfully identified multiple risk factors for bowel resection and effectively used a scoring system to identify patients for optimal clinical management. […] In this study, we investigate the predictors of bowel resection in pediatric intussusception patients through a retrospective review of clinical data, which may contribute to improved outcomes.

• #23 A comprehensive scoring system for the better prediction of bowel resection in pediatric intussusception | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text

  https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12876-024-03243-6

  Our findings revealed that the most predictive factors for bowel resection included the presence of bloody stool, prolonged disease duration, and the location of intussusceptions. […] Given the high incidence of bowel loss associated with these variables, timely surgical consultation should be considered, and early surgical intervention may prove beneficial in preventing bowel necrosis, even in cases where air reduction is not attempted. […] In summary, the present study detected several clinical variables that could clearly separate patients with potential bowel loss, which should be considered for early referral to paediatric surgical centres to prevent gastrointestinal loss.

• #24 Intussusception: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/930708-overview

  The prognosis in patients with intussusception is excellent if the condition is diagnosed and treated early; otherwise, severe complications and death may occur. […] The recurrence rate of intussusception after nonoperative reduction is usually less than 10% but has been reported to be as high as 15%. […] More than 1 recurrence suggests the presence of a lead point. […] A recurrence is usually heralded by the onset of the same symptoms as appeared during the initial event. […] The recurrence rates after air enema and barium enema are 4% and 10%, respectively. […] Recurrences respond to nonoperative reduction in almost 95% of cases. […] With early diagnosis, appropriate fluid resuscitation, and therapy, the mortality rate from intussusception in children is less than 1%. If left untreated, this condition is uniformly fatal in 2-5 days.

• #25 Intussusception: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/930708-overview

  The prognosis in patients with intussusception is excellent if the condition is diagnosed and treated early; otherwise, severe complications and death may occur. […] The recurrence rate of intussusception after nonoperative reduction is usually less than 10% but has been reported to be as high as 15%. […] More than 1 recurrence suggests the presence of a lead point. […] A recurrence is usually heralded by the onset of the same symptoms as appeared during the initial event. […] The recurrence rates after air enema and barium enema are 4% and 10%, respectively. […] Recurrences respond to nonoperative reduction in almost 95% of cases. […] With early diagnosis, appropriate fluid resuscitation, and therapy, the mortality rate from intussusception in children is less than 1%. If left untreated, this condition is uniformly fatal in 2-5 days.

• #26 Child Intussusception – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431078/

  Several agents, including glucagon and dexamethasone, have been examined to improve the success rate of enema reduction. Accordingly, the outcomes of adding dexamethasone were found to be promising. However, evidence suggesting the significant effect of adding glucagon in the success rate of enema reduction was lacking. […] The prognosis for intussusception is excellent if treated quickly, but if untreated it can lead to death within two to five days. The longer the intestine segment is prolapsed and the longer it goes without a blood supply, the less effective a non-surgical reduction. Prolonged intussusception increases bowel ischemia and necrosis, requiring surgical resection.

• #27 Clinical profile and treatment outcome of acute intussusception among children in eastern Ethiopia: A seven years retrospective study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9742419/

  In this chart review, the overall mortality rate in children was relatively high. One in seven children died from acute intussusception. Age less than 24 months, preoperative vital signs, intraoperative findings, and postoperative complications were significantly associated with acute intussusception treatment outcomes. […] The overall mortality in children with acute intussusception was 13.3% (95% CL: 11.814.8). […] The Chi-square (2) test showed that there was a statistically significant association between age less than 24 months and treatment outcome of acute intussusception [X2=8.13(df=1); p=0.004]. Moreover, preoperative vital signs [X2=19.21(df=2); p=0.000], intraoperative findings [X2=18.89 (df=1); p=0.000], and postoperative complications [X2=14.60 (df=1); p=0.000] were significantly associated with treatment outcome of acute intussusception. […] Delayed presentation of patients and lack of other treatment modalities such as non-surgical interventions are serious concerns in this facility. The initiation of non-surgical reduction may reduce the need for surgical intervention-related complications, and child mortality.

• #28 Long-Term Survival in 241 Cases of Intussusception in Cattle and Factors Associated with Mortality

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/5/676

  Intussusception is a frequent cause of mechanical ileus in cattle. However, the prognosis of intussusception is poorly documented and long-term survival, meaning until slaughter or natural death, has never been described. This study aimed to determine survival of cattle surgically treated for intussusception and to identify risk factors associated with mortality. Overall survival was 44.8% until discharge and 39.0% of all animals could complete their life cycle and were eligible for slaughter. Risk factors for mortality were male sex, age < 226 days, heart rate > 95 beats per minute, packed cell volume < 36.5% and time to referral > 4.5 days. […] The prognosis of intussusception is poorly documented. A retrospective multicenter study on 336 cases is available, but only documents postoperative survival (43%) and overall survival rate until discharge (35%) for 57 and 46 animals, respectively. […] The long-term prognosis for intussusception in cattle appears to be fair. Factors identified in this study may aid in the decision-making process in cases with presumed intussusception to perform the surgery or opt for euthanasia.

• #29 Long-Term Survival in 241 Cases of Intussusception in Cattle and Factors Associated with Mortality

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/5/676

  Intussusception is a frequent cause of mechanical ileus in cattle. However, the prognosis of intussusception is poorly documented and long-term survival, meaning until slaughter or natural death, has never been described. This study aimed to determine survival of cattle surgically treated for intussusception and to identify risk factors associated with mortality. Overall survival was 44.8% until discharge and 39.0% of all animals could complete their life cycle and were eligible for slaughter. Risk factors for mortality were male sex, age < 226 days, heart rate > 95 beats per minute, packed cell volume < 36.5% and time to referral > 4.5 days. […] The prognosis of intussusception is poorly documented. A retrospective multicenter study on 336 cases is available, but only documents postoperative survival (43%) and overall survival rate until discharge (35%) for 57 and 46 animals, respectively. […] The long-term prognosis for intussusception in cattle appears to be fair. Factors identified in this study may aid in the decision-making process in cases with presumed intussusception to perform the surgery or opt for euthanasia.

• #30 Factors determining clinical outcomes in intussusception in the developing world: Experience from Johannesburg, South Africa

  http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742016000200021

  Intussusception is not a benign condition; on the contrary, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A prolonged DOS, invariably due to socioeconomic, infrastructural and health management factors, and a raised CRP level are predictors for outcomes in intussusception. The use of DOS and CRP in association with other clinical factors may assist clinicians in making management decisions, specifically regarding operative or non-operative management.

• #31 Intussusception: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/930708-overview

  The prognosis in patients with intussusception is excellent if the condition is diagnosed and treated early; otherwise, severe complications and death may occur. […] The recurrence rate of intussusception after nonoperative reduction is usually less than 10% but has been reported to be as high as 15%. […] More than 1 recurrence suggests the presence of a lead point. […] A recurrence is usually heralded by the onset of the same symptoms as appeared during the initial event. […] The recurrence rates after air enema and barium enema are 4% and 10%, respectively. […] Recurrences respond to nonoperative reduction in almost 95% of cases. […] With early diagnosis, appropriate fluid resuscitation, and therapy, the mortality rate from intussusception in children is less than 1%. If left untreated, this condition is uniformly fatal in 2-5 days.

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