Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injury: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22822-brachial-plexus-injury

  A brachial plexus injury involves sudden damage to the network of nerves that branch off from your spinal cord in your neck and extend down into your shoulder, arm and hand. Symptoms include muscle weakness, pain and diminished sensation. […] Mild brachial plexus injuries may heal without treatment, but more severe injuries may require surgery to regain function in your arm or hand. […] A brachial plexus injury is best managed by a team of medical professionals that may include a neurologist, neurosurgeon, hand surgeon, physical therapist, occupational therapist, and primary healthcare provider. […] Many brachial plexus injuries will heal without surgery over a period of weeks to months, especially if they’re mild. Nerve injuries that heal on their own tend to have better outcomes in terms of muscle and nerve function.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injuries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482305/

  The diagnosis and management of BPI is extremely complicated and controversial. The injury is best managed by an interprofessional team that includes a neurologist, neurosurgeon, hand surgeon, physical therapist, internist, nurse practitioner and the primary care provider. […] The surgical timing for the treatment of BPI remains a topic of controversy. Urgent surgical exploration of the plexus is indicated if a root avulsion or laceration injury to the plexus is suspected or in cases of open injury, retained foreign body, or vascular injury requiring vessel repair. […] There are few contraindications to brachial plexus surgery. In general, surgery should be avoided if the patient is not medically or psychologically cleared for surgery or if local wounds or infections obstruct the surgical approach.

• #1 Brachial plexus injury – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20350243

  People with brachial plexus injuries usually see three surgeons during one office visit at Mayo Clinic. […] At Mayo Clinic, neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons, hand and microvascular surgeons, physical rehabilitation experts, and other specialists collaborate as a team to evaluate and treat each patient. […] Everyone on the team, regardless of medical specialty, is focused on brachial plexus injuries. This means that you’re not just getting one opinion you benefit from the knowledge and experience of each specialist on the multidisciplinary team. […] Once you have suffered an injury of your brachial plexus, it is very important that you receive care for that injury in a timely fashion. This is a time sensitive injury and you should be evaluated by somebody who specializes in this field as soon as possible.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injuries: Care and Treatment | Ausmed

  https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/brachial-plexus-injuries

  It is important that rehabilitative treatment is sought immediately following the injury. With any injury involving nerve and muscle, delayed treatment can lead to contractures forming and further disability for the individual (Greenwood et al 2013). […] Nurses caring for these patients need to ensure they are well-informed and supported to become active participants in their care. Without this engagement, treatment can fail, leading to increases in disability for the individual and a multitude of effects on all areas of their life.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injury | Brain Institute | OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/brain-institute/brachial-plexus-injury

  The OHSU Nerve Center offers the highest level of expertise for brachial plexus injuries. Specialty care can be crucial for these complex nerve injuries. Getting a timely diagnosis and the right treatment is vital to avoiding permanent loss of function in your shoulder, arm and/or hand. […] At the OHSU Nerve Center, you can expect a precise diagnosis so we can plan the most effective treatment. This gives you the best chance of recovering function and quality of life. […] Your care team can include any specialist you need. Your providers will work together to coordinate your care. […] OHSU rehabilitation specialists offer expertise in nerves and the complex structures of the hand and arm. They can help you recover from a brachial plexus injury and/or surgery.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injury: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/brachial-plexus-injuries

  A brachial plexus injury stretches or compresses the nerves in your shoulders, arms, and hands. […] If left untreated, a brachial plexus injury can become serious. […] Brachial plexus injuries are common. […] Brachial plexus injuries can cause permanent weakness or disability. […] It’s vital to have an orthopaedic doctor diagnose and treat your brachial plexus within six months of the injury. […] For minor brachial plexus injuries, stretched nerves often recover with rest alone. However, your doctor may order physical therapy. […] Physical therapy for minor brachial plexus injuries will help: Ensure your joints and muscles are working right, Increase your range of motion, Prevent stiffness in the joints. […] If severe scar tissue forms, often you will need surgery to remove it and restore nerve function. […] If you need surgery for your brachial plexus injury repair, you should have it within six months of the injury to ensure the best recovery possible. […] Treatment for brachial plexus injuries received within six months after the initial injury have high success rates.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Program | Children’s National | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/departments/brachial-plexus-program

  The Brachial Plexus Program at Childrens National is focused on caring for children with either birth-related or traumatic brachial plexus injuries. Our multidisciplinary team of experts is committed to providing the best care possible for our patients, in one location. […] A brachial plexus injury is an injury to the system of nerves that controls the movement of your shoulder, arm and hand. The injury occurs when the nerves are stretched, damaged or torn. A brachial plexus injury typically occurs as a stretch injury during birth. […] We specialize in early recognition and early treatment of brachial plexus injuries to minimize complications for newborns and children and maximize function. […] We bring together clinicians from various specialties, including Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Occupational Therapy, Neurosurgery and Orthopaedic Surgery so patients and families can be evaluated and advised comprehensively on the same day by all members of the care team.

• #1

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1008/brachial-plexus-injuries

  Brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) can involve any degree of injury at any level of the plexus and range from obstetric injuries to traumatic avulsions. […] Diagnosis requires focused physical examination with EMG/NCS and MRI studies used for confirmation as needed. […] Treatment can be conservative versus operative depending on the age of patient, chronicity of injury, degree of injury and nerve root involvement. […] Nonoperative observation alone waiting for recovery indications most managed with closed observation. […] signs of neurologic recovery advancing Tinel sign is best clinical sign of effective nerve regeneration. […] immediate surgical exploration (1 week) indications sharp penetrating trauma (excluding GSWs), iatrogenic injuries, open injuries, progressive neurologic deficits, expanding hematoma or vascular injury.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injury | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/brain-neurological-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury

  The symptoms of a brachial plexus injury typically depend on the extent (number of nerve roots involved) and severity of the injury. Immediate symptoms generally occur after a severe injury to the neck, shoulder, arm, or hand but may also occur after something as simple as laying on the arm for too long. The following are common symptoms of BPI: […] Physical rehabilitation therapy is always part of the recovery process for a brachial plexus injury. One of the main goals of rehabilitation is to prevent muscle atrophy until the nerves regain their function. The University of Michigan has a strong occupational therapy/ physical therapy program which will be important in helping you regain function. Some brachial plexus injuries may heal without treatment; Your health care team can assess the extent of damage to your brachial plexus nerve and give you a prognosis for recovery and guide your treatment recovery.

• #1 Brachial plexus injury – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350241

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your brachial plexus injury-related health concerns […] Your healthcare team may suggest physical therapy to keep the joints and muscles working properly, maintain range of motion, and prevent stiff joints. […] Serious brachial plexus injuries can cause extreme pain. The pain has been described as a debilitating, severe, crushing feeling or a constant burning. This pain goes away within three years for most people. If medicine can’t control the pain, your healthcare team might suggest surgery to interrupt the pain signals coming from the damaged part of the spinal cord. […] Brachial plexus injury care at Mayo Clinic

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injury | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/neurosurgery/brachial-plexus-injury-adults

  A team of Duke experts collaborates to care for adults with brachial plexus injuries — damaged nerves in the shoulder, arm, and hand. We offer the full range of treatment options, from highly specialized physical and occupational therapy to the most advanced surgical approaches. We advocate for early assessment and treatment to help you avoid chronic pain and restore function. […] Your doctors will consider many factors — including your injury type, severity, symptoms, and time since the injury occurred — to create a customized treatment plan to meet your needs. Less severe brachial plexus injuries can heal with conservative treatment. Others may need surgery. […] Research shows that people with brachial plexus injuries who start physical and occupational therapy early have better overall outcomes whether or not surgery is needed. Our highly specialized outpatient rehabilitation program helps you preserve function in your arm and hand and prevent complications like contractures (when tendons shorten from lack of use) and joint stiffness.

• #1 Treatment Options | Brachial Plexus

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/b/brachial-plexus/treatment

  Treatment: May include range of motion to maintain flexibility and maximize movement as well as strengthening, which may include the use of resistive activity, weights and electrical stimulation. Therapeutic taping may also be used to help with positioning of your child’s arm, or orthoses (splints) may be used to support wrist/hand positioning. Aquatic therapy is always recommended as one of the best ways of maintaining increased function. […] Microsurgical nerve repair may be undertaken as early as 3-6 months of age and isolated nerve repairs up to approximately 18 months. The time frame for surgical repair is an important factor for recovery. Muscles that have not been reconnected to nerves within 18 months of injury weaken to the point where re-innervation may no longer be possible. […] Additional procedures may include tendon transfers, muscle transfers and osteotomies to correct muscle imbalances that limit function.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injury – Everything You Need To Know

  https://centenoschultz.com/condition/brachial-plexus-injury/

  The goal in brachial plexus injury rehab is to prevent muscle atrophy and secondary deformities, suppression of pain, and the recovery of somato-sensory deficits. Physical therapy and rehab should start almost immediately and must be performed several times a day. […] Its possible to heal from brachial plexus injuries with the right treatment options. However, its important to set realistic expectations for recovery. […] Diagnosing and treating brachial plexus injuries is a complicated process. It requires an interdisciplinary approach that involves the orthopedic doctor, neurologist, and physical therapist.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injuries: Care and Treatment | Ausmed

  https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/brachial-plexus-injuries

  In both infants and adults, the underlying treatment principles remain the same, with the main goals of treatment being for patients to return to their previous level of function and the prevention of any potential further disability (Physiopedia 2019b). […] Rehabilitation is an important component of treatment for someone with a brachial plexus injury, especially if the injury is severe. An important factor not to be overlooked in rehabilitation treatment is the patient’s willingness to participate in their treatment program. […] Physiotherapy is essential to help the individual increase their strength and coordination. Occupational therapists also have an important role in assisting the individual with functional training and looking at areas such as range of motion, stamina, power and the need for any adaptive devices (Greenwood et al. 2013).

• #1 Nonsurgical Treatment for Brachial Plexus Injuries | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/brachial-plexus-injuries/treatments/nonsurgical-treatment-for-brachial-plexus-injuries

  NYU Langone doctors determine the most effective treatment plan for brachial plexus injuries based on the type of injury and the severity of symptoms. […] Our doctors may recommend a combination of treatments to relieve pain, stabilize the injured area, and improve your range of motion and strength. […] For most people with brachial plexus injuries, physical and occupational therapy are key components of both treatment and recovery. […] Once you can move comfortably, our orthopedic experts may recommend physical therapy to build strength lost from a brachial plexus injury. […] Occupational therapy may be recommended if your fine motor skills have been affected. Our occupational therapists at Rusk Rehabilitation design a specialized plan with therapeutic exercises to help you complete everyday tasks such as bathing, dressing, and driving. Our therapists are trained experts with advanced certification in treating complex injuries such as brachial plexus injuries.

• #1 Brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injuries | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/brachial-plexus-and-peripheral-nerve-injuries

  Brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injuries refer to injuries to the group of nerves that supply the arms and hands. […] An injury to one or more of these nerves can result in varying degrees of upper extremity weakness or paralysis and numbness. […] Many patients with birth-related brachial plexus injuries recover enough motion and strength and do not need early surgery. […] For all patients, we encourage regular sessions with occupational therapy, whether it is at Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia or locally if patients live outside the Philadelphia region. […] Goals for therapy focus on: Promoting nerve recovery, Preventing joint contractures, Maintaining range of motion in the upper extremities and neck, Facilitating optimal use and typical movement patterns. […] In addition to these regular sessions, your childs occupational therapist will also teach you exercises that should be performed every day with your child to keep the joints supple and encourage normal motor development.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injury | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/brachial-plexus-injury/

  Each patients treatment plan is based on that persons specific health conditions, needs, and goals. The sooner treatment begins after an injury, the better the treatments success is likely to be. […] Mild brachial plexus injuries usually respond well to a combination of nonsurgical treatment options, including: Assistive devices such as braces, splints, and compression sleeves; Corticosteroid creams or injections or other medications to help manage pain during healing; Occupational therapy to restore practical skills such as dressing and cooking, in cases that involve severe muscle weakness, numbness, and pain; Physical therapy to learn exercises that can help restore function in the arms and hands and improve range of motion and flexibility in stiff muscles and joints. […] Brachial plexus injuries that are severe or fail to heal on their own may require surgery. The experienced specialists at UT Southwestern are experts in the latest, most effective surgical techniques, including: Innovative microsurgical techniques to improve painful conditions involving the wrist, elbow, and shoulder; Groundbreaking nerve reconstruction, such as nerve transfers and grafts to achieve better functional recovery over a shorter period of time; Surgery to move or disconnect sensory nerves that cause pain; Surgery to reconstruct nerves that have been severed as a result of trauma, tumor removal, or birth-related brachial palsy. […] Because nerves heal slowly, brachial plexus injury recovery can take several weeks to months. During this time, regular physical therapy and checkups help to monitor healing progress and manage any pain. Follow-up checkups are especially important for babies and may be needed for up to two years.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injury | Kennedy Krieger Institute

  https://www.kennedykrieger.org/brachial-plexus-injury

  Occupational therapy and physical medicine are always part of the recovery process. The Kennedy Krieger Institute not only offers traditional therapies, but also the opportunity to receive intensive activity-based restorative therapies (ABRT) to maximize the recovery and neurodevelopmental processes which lead to function and development of adequate and efficient motor patterns. […] The degree of functional impairment and potential for recovery depends on the mechanism, type, complexity of the brachial plexus injury, and time from injury. The most important decision your surgeons will make is determining if and when surgical intervention should occur.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injury: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22822-brachial-plexus-injury

  Healthcare providers typically recommend surgical treatment for brachial plexus injuries when the nerves don’t heal on their own or don’t recover enough to restore necessary function to your arm and hand. […] If your newborn has a mild brachial plexus injury, their provider will likely recommend gently massaging their arm and range-of-motion exercises for treatment. […] You’ll also likely need physical therapy for your shoulder, elbow, wrist and fingers to prevent stiffness and muscle atrophy. […] If you’ve experienced a brachial plexus injury, you’ll need to see your healthcare team regularly throughout your recovery to monitor the healing and function of your nerves.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injury – Neurosurgery | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/neurosurgery/conditions-treated/brachial-plexus-injury

  The brachial plexus lies in the neck and consists of a group of combining nerve roots that eventually divide again to form peripheral nerves. […] These nerves are responsible for movement and sensation in the shoulders, arms, forearms and hands, and some muscles of the back and chest. […] Symptoms of injury to the nerves of the brachial plexus vary depending upon which nerves are affected. Diagnosis depends on the symptoms. […] Most injuries cause maximum symptoms at the time of the injury. […] Vascular injury can cause worsening of symptoms and needs to be addressed quickly to prevent ongoing deterioration. Treatment depends on the type of injury: […] Nerves damaged by clean, sharp, relatively fresh lacerations, such as those from a knife wound, should be surgically reconnected within 72 hours. […] Injuries related to stretching of the nerves will usually recover spontaneously within four months. […] Injuries with symptoms that continue after four to six months should be investigated surgically.

• #1 Mass General Brigham Brachial Plexus & Nerve Disorders Program

  https://www.massgeneral.org/orthopaedics/brachial-plexus

  Surgical treatment options for brachial plexus injury include: […] Brachial plexus neurolysis is a surgery to explore the nerves of the brachial plexus, rid them from any external compression, and free them from surrounding scar tissue. […] Joint fusion surgery treats arthritic, unstable or flail joints by fusing two bones into one. […] Tendon transfer surgery connects a healthy, expendable muscle or tendon to a nonfunctional muscle or tendon. […] Nerve grafting surgery replaces an injured nerve with a healthy one, implanted from another part of the body through microsurgery. […] Nerve transfer surgery connects a healthy, expendable donor nerve to an injured nerve through microsurgery.

• #1 Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Program – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/clinics/brachial-plexus-and-peripheral-nerve-program/

  Most children do not need surgery. For those who do, splinting and therapy combined with surgery has better results than surgery alone. […] We may use splinting to position the shoulder, forearm, elbow, wrist or hand. […] The brachial plexus team may offer surgery to children with serious injuries to their nerves. Surgery involves exploring the injured nerves and reconstructing them if needed. […] If a nerve in your childs arm or leg isnt working because it is pinched or squished (compressed), we may recommend surgery to release the nerve. […] We may recommend moving a muscle to do the work of another muscle. This is called muscle transfer or tendon transfer. […] We will sometimes recommend changing the shape or position of the bone to improve how your childs arm works. This is called osteotomy.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injury | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/neurosurgery/brachial-plexus-injury-adults

  After surgery, physical and occupational therapy are vital to maximizing function and re-training the brain to use new nerve or muscle tissue. […] DREZ lesioning is a surgical procedure that reduces pain in the shoulder, arm, and hand due to brachial plexus avulsions. The DREZ procedure was pioneered at Duke, and we are the only center in North Carolina, and one of the few in the U.S., offering this advanced treatment option.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injuries – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/brachial-plexus-injuries/

  During your discussion with your doctor, it will be important to set realistic goals and expectations for surgical treatment. […] Recovery and Rehabilitation […] During this recovery process, occupational therapists teach patients how to use the unaffected arm to perform daily activities like eating and personal hygiene. […] Physical therapy of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and fingers involves specific exercises to prevent stiffness, contractures, or muscle atrophy. […] Pain may be managed with medications, therapy, and/or assistive devices. […] In addition, patients will require healthy coping skills to adjust their lives both in terms of employment and daily activities in anticipation of a less functional arm and/or hand.

• #1 Managing brachial plexus injuries

  https://journals.rcni.com/nursing-standard/managing-brachial-plexus-injuries-ns.8.21.31.s48

  People who are injured in severe traumatic incidents such as motorcycle accidents and knife or gunshot attacks generally require intensive, life-saving surgical intervention for head, chest or spinal injuries. […] The author describes the surgical and nursing management of these devastating injuries.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injuries | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/b/brachial-plexus-ijuries.html

  Brachial plexus injuries cut off all or part of the communication between the spinal cord and the arm, wrist, and hand. This may mean that you can’t move or feel parts of your arm or hand. […] Some brachial plexus injuries need surgery to repair the damage. Physical therapy can help you restore function in your arms and hands. […] You may need regular checkups to watch the progress and healing of a brachial plexus injury. Checkups are especially important for babies. They may be needed for as long as 2 years as the injury heals. […] If you have a brachial plexus injury that causes a lack of feeling, you must take special care when dealing with hot items, razors, knives, or other objects that could harm you. A brachial plexus injury can keep you from feeling any other injury to the affected area. You may not notice that you’re hurt. […] Get assessed and diagnosed right away to help prevent permanent damage.

• #1

  https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury

  If you can’t use the hand or arm for a short time, daily range-of-motion exercises and physical therapy can help prevent joint stiffness. Avoid burns or cuts, as you may not feel them if you have numbness. […] If your child has brachial plexus palsy, it’s important to exercise your child’s joints and working muscles every day. You can start when your baby is just a few weeks old. This helps stop the joints from becoming permanently stiff. It also keeps your child’s working muscles strong and healthy.

• #1

  https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury

  Brachial plexus injury Last Updated on July 25, 2024 Overview The brachial plexus is the group of nerves that sends signals from the spinal cord to the shoulder, arm and hand. A brachial plexus injury happens when these nerves are stretched, squeezed together, or in the most serious cases, ripped apart or torn away from the spinal cord. […] Treatment depends on many factors, such as the seriousness of the injury, the type of injury, the length of time since the injury and other existing conditions. Your healthcare team may suggest physical therapy to keep the joints and muscles working properly, maintain range of motion, and prevent stiff joints. […] During recovery, you can do exercises to keep your joints flexible. Splints may be used to keep the hand from curling inward. […] Serious brachial plexus injuries can cause extreme pain. The pain has been described as a debilitating, severe, crushing feeling or a constant burning. This pain goes away within three years for most people. If medicine can’t control the pain, your healthcare team might suggest surgery to interrupt the pain signals coming from the damaged part of the spinal cord.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injury | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/brachial-plexus

  A brachial plexus birth injury is thought to be caused by an injury involving the child’s brachial plexus during the delivery process. This injury may result in incomplete sensory and / or motor function of the involved arm. […] About two-thirds of children with brachial plexus birth injury get better on their own with minimal treatment. The remaining patients may have limitations related to their brachial plexus birth injury that are not resolving. Limitations may include incomplete range of motion with one or more movements, weak muscles, or decreased sensation (feeling) through the arm. It is for these children that the remainder of our treatment efforts are focused. […] Nonsurgical management is also an important part of the treatment process. Occupational and / or physical therapy is often recommended, including range of motion, strengthening, neuromuscular electrical simulation, kinesio taping, constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT), serial casting, aquatic therapy and use of orthoses, as needed.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Birth Injury | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/brachial-plexus-birth-injury

  Brachial plexus birth injury, also known as brachial plexus injury, is an injury to the brachial plexus nerves that occurs in about one to three out of every 1,000 births. […] Injuries may affect all or only a part of the brachial plexus: […] Therapy is recommended to help maximize use of the affected arm and prevent tightening of the muscles and joints. […] Most brachial plexus injuries will heal on their own. Your doctor will monitor your child closely. Many children improve or recover by 3 to 12 months of age. During this time, ongoing exams should be performed to monitor progress. […] Children who continue to have problems 3 to 6 months after birth may benefit from surgical treatment. Your child’s doctors have several surgical options for treating brachial plexus birth injury, including:

• #1 Pediatric Brachial Plexus Care | Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta

  https://www.choa.org/medical-services/orthopedics/hand-and-upper-extremity/brachial-plexus

  Our pediatric team is specially trained to treat brachial plexus injuries, which can happen during birth, while playing sports, in a car accident or from another trauma. […] Our multidisciplinary Brachial Plexus Clinic brings together orthopedic specialists, physiatrists, and physical and occupational therapists who are specially trained to treat kids with brachial plexus birth injury or brachial plexus birth palsy. […] Recovery depends on the type of injury and how many nerves are affected. Most children with BPBI can expect a full recovery without any therapy or surgery. It is important for a specialist to evaluate a child who may have BPBI to help watch the child’s progress and identify treatment options. It is best to begin treatment soon after birth in order to explore all treatment options, but we are often able to help a child at any age.

• #1 Pediatric Brachial Plexus Care | Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta

  https://www.choa.org/medical-services/orthopedics/hand-and-upper-extremity/brachial-plexus

  Early diagnosis of a brachial plexus injury is important because symptoms can be permanent if left untreated. It is important to see a doctor if your child or teen experiences any of the symptoms associated with a brachial plexus injury. […] Our goal is to improve your child’s arm strength and movement. Full recovery depends on early testing, education and treatment. While it is best to begin treatment right after birth or injury in order to keep all options available, but we are often able to help a child at any age or time from injury. […] Early treatment for a brachial plexus injury often involves physical, occupational or hand therapy at home and in a physical therapy clinic. At first, therapy will focus on maintaining your child’s joint motion. Our team will also work with him to build his range of movement and strength. Family members are encouraged to get involved. We will educate your child and family about which exercises to do at home and how to do them.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injuries

  https://encyclopedia.nm.org/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/Men/134,34

  Brachial plexus injuries cut off all or part of the communication between the spinal cord and the arm, wrist, and hand. This may mean that you can’t move or feel parts of your arm or hand. […] Some brachial plexus injuries need surgery to repair the damage. Physical therapy can help you restore function in your arms and hands. […] You may need regular checkups to watch the progress and healing of a brachial plexus injury. Checkups are especially important for babies. They may be needed for as long as 2 years as the injury heals. […] Get assessed and diagnosed right away to help prevent permanent damage.

• #1 Treatment Options | Brachial Plexus

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/b/brachial-plexus/treatment

  A therapist at Cincinnati Children’s demonstrates exercises to improve range of motion for children born with a brachial plexus injury. […] Approximately two-thirds of children with brachial plexus birth injury get better on their own with minimal treatment. Most children benefit from therapy. […] Getting the right treatment for your child will maximize motor function, promote increased signals to the brain and minimize growth deformity. […] We strongly recommend early evaluation and treatment for children with neonatal brachial plexus injury. […] Therapy: An important part of your child’s recovery. Family education and home exercise programs are important aspects of treatment. We encourage family involvement during therapy sessions. You will receive the education and support you need to care for your child and to continue the therapy program at home.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injury Program | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/brachial-plexus-program/

  Lurie Childrens offers the states most comprehensive and coordinated multidisciplinary program for infants and children with brachial plexus palsy. […] Our brachial plexus specialists evaluate and treat children from birth through adolescence. […] We treat these injuries as early as possible because they can lead to arm weakness or even paralysis as well as lack of feeling. This results in a loss of function. […] Parents play a central role in the decision-making process for their child’s care at Lurie Children’s. […] Our treatments and therapies encourage children to participate in karate, swimming, dancing and other age-appropriate activities, as they help maintain function through adolescence and early adult years. […] Our occupational therapists will begin therapy, including range of motion and activities to develop awareness of the involved side, and promote alignment of the head, trunk and arm.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injury | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/brachial-plexus

  Because your child may not be able to move the affected arm alone, it is important for you to take an active part in keeping the joints limber. […] A brachial plexus injury is a lifelong condition. Management often focuses on preventing or minimizing deficits and maximizing the child’s capabilities at home and in the community.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injury

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/brachial-plexus/brachial-plexus-injury

  If your child did not have a fracture, you can gently move their arm. Doing this is an important part of recovery. […] Support your child’s injured arm when picking up or holding them. […] When dressing your child, it may be easier to dress their injured arm first. […] Your baby can do tummy time as long as someone is watching them. It’s an important part of their development. […] Our Brachial Plexus Program expertly cares for children who suffer from brachial plexus injuries.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Birth Injury | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/brachial-plexus-birth-injury

  As a national and international referral center for children with brachial plexus injury, the Brachial Plexus Program within the Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Department at Boston Childrens Hospital is among the largest in the world. […] The Brachial Plexus Program provides comprehensive care for babies, children, adolescents, and young adults with brachial plexus injuries.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Center | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/doctors-and-departments/departments/orthopedics/programs/hand-upper-extremity/brachial-plexus-center/

  The Brachial Plexus Center at Childrens Hospital Colorado specializes in caring for children with a brachial plexus injury, which involves damage to the nerves that go from the spine to the shoulder and arm. […] Our Brachial Plexus Center offers a multidisciplinary care approach, meaning a team of specialists work together to treat your childs brachial plexus injury or condition. […] Treatment for brachial plexus injury begins as soon as your child is diagnosed, and care continues through childhood and into adulthood. […] We care for kids with brachial plexus injury at our hospital on the Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora. […] We will keep an eye on your childs changing needs throughout treatment, based on their age, growth and development. This means that members of your childs care team may change throughout treatment.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Center | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/doctors-and-departments/departments/orthopedics/programs/hand-upper-extremity/brachial-plexus-center/

  In general, our brachial plexus care team includes: A pediatric orthopedic surgeon and plastic surgeon who specialize in the hand and upper extremities (wrist, forearm, elbow and shoulder), A pediatric rehabilitation physician who evaluates your child’s development, functional abilities and muscle tone, and who works with the occupational therapist and surgeon to create a therapy and surgical plan that will preserve as much of your childs arm function as possible, An occupational therapist who specializes in hand therapy, A clinical social worker who provides access to support services.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injury | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/

  A brachial plexus injury occurs when one of the brachial plexus nerves is pinched, torn or cut. These injuries differ in how severe they are, how much they will improve and how long it will take for them to improve. The nerves can be harmed by pressure and/or by being stretched. […] Our team provides a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to your childs care. This means you have access to leading specialists from multiple departments who work together to treat your child. […] Children with brachial plexus problems often need ongoing care throughout their lives. The team at the Brachial Plexus Clinic is committed to following patients through childhood and adapting their care plan as needs change. […] Therapy often starts soon after a baby or child is diagnosed with a brachial plexus injury. Therapy may involve stretching and range-of-motion exercises, splinting or casting, and helping with normal everyday activities. […] At Children’s Colorado, our goal is to make sure your child gets the best care possible to treat their brachial plexus injury and eliminate long-term side effects.

• #1

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1008/brachial-plexus-injuries

  early surgical intervention (3-6 weeks) indicated for near total plexus involvement and with high mechanism of energy. […] delayed surgical intervention (3-6 months) indications partial upper plexus involvement and low energy mechanism, plateau in neurologic recovery, best not to delay surgery beyond 6 months. […] Recovery of reconstructed plexus can take up to 3 years nerve regeneration occurs at speed of 1mm/day. […] Good prognostic variables infraclavicular plexus injuries have better prognosis than supraclavicular injuries. […] Poor prognostic variables root avulsion (preganglionic injuries) have worst prognosis not repairable.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injury Program | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/brachial-plexus-program/

  Our specialists often use non-surgical treatments and therapies to stimulate, stretch and strengthen your child’s affected arm. […] Following surgery and early therapies, most children who have had a brachial plexus injury continue to need therapy on an outpatient basis and at home. This can include occupational and physical therapy as well as sports training to maintain and improve muscle strength, balance and range of motion.

• #1 FAQs About Brachial Plexus Injuries | Advanced Reconstruction

  https://www.advancedreconstruction.com/blog/faqs-about-brachial-plexus

  Sustaining a brachial plexus injury can be a shock. […] The good news is many treatment options are available for a brachial plexus injury, and most patients regain full function in their arm and shoulder. […] Patients can work with their care team to form a treatment plan and manage pain. […] A brachial plexus injury is not an emergency but should be evaluated and treated promptly. […] Leaving a brachial plexus injury untreated can result in chronic pain and lifelong disability. […] Anti-inflammatory medications and physical therapy can help restore function and treat pain for mild brachial plexus injuries. […] Many cases of brachial plexus injuries require surgery to restore function, mobility, and sensation to the arm and relieve pain. […] Its recommended that patients complete physical therapy on a regular basis for several months to support healthy nerve and muscle recovery.

• #1 Brachial plexus injury – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20350243

  Here at the Mayo Clinic in Arizona, we believe that patients with brachial plexus injuries deserve and require a team-based approach. […] When patients come to us with brachial plexus injuries, we realize that their needs are more than just surgical. That is why we have assembled a team to help address the needs of the entire patient. […] Here in the treatment of brachial plexus injuries we offer cutting edge procedures, including nerve transfers and muscle transplantations. […] Each treatment plan is individualized, taking into account the patient’s need such as degree of injury and type of reconstruction required. […] If you or a loved one has sustained a brachial plexus injury, we encourage you to seek out a brachial plexus specialist as soon as possible. […] Surgeons and scientists collaborate in Mayo Clinic labs for microsurgery and regenerative medicine to develop new solutions that improve nerve healing, speed recovery and improve the outcomes for patients with brachial plexus injuries.

• #1 Brachial plexus injury – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20350243

  Mayo Clinic’s brachial plexus surgeons are recognized nationally and internationally for their surgical technical excellence and innovative abilities to solve both straightforward and complex brachial plexus problems. […] Each year, hundreds of people with brachial plexus injuries are treated at Mayo Clinic. […] Brachial plexus surgeons at Mayo Clinic have an extensive depth and breadth of experience with advanced microsurgical techniques. […] Mayo Clinic brachial plexus surgeons are recognized for their excellence and innovation.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Nerve Injury Treatments | IHTSC

  https://www.indianahandtoshoulder.com/blog/brachial-plexus-nerve-injury

  Brachial plexus injuries can vary in their seriousness. Some are mild and get better by themselves in a few weeks or months. But when the injury is more complex, like if the nerve has been torn, it might not completely heal, even if you have nerve repair surgery. […] Common non-surgical treatments for brachial plexus injuries include physical/occupational therapy, medication (pain management), and rest. These approaches can be effective, especially for milder injuries, helping to restore function and alleviate pain. […] Each person’s body heals differently. Age, overall health, and even your body’s response to treatments can influence nerve injury recovery. That’s why prompt treatment of these injuries requires careful diagnosis and a customized approach. […] If a brachial plexus injury has reduced your mobility, we invite you to schedule a consultation to explore treatment options that may provide you with functional improvements to improve your quality of life.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Injury | Kennedy Krieger Institute

  https://www.kennedykrieger.org/brachial-plexus-injury

  The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that conducts signals from the spine to the shoulder, arm, elbow, wrist, hand and fingers that allow movement and sensation. Damage to the nerves from inflammation, tumors, stretching, tearing or other trauma is considered a brachial plexus injury. […] Our team of experts at the Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Neve Clinic are well-versed in all types of brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injuries, from birth injuries to acute flaccid myelitis to radiation treatment complications. We provide interdisciplinary care, combining the expertise of multiple medical and surgical clinicians to produce the best outcomes and create an individualized treatment plan for each patient. […] Because brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injuries could result in permanent damage if not treated as soon as possible, early intervention is key to regaining function.

• #1 Brachial Plexus Nerve Injury Treatments | IHTSC

  https://www.indianahandtoshoulder.com/blog/brachial-plexus-nerve-injury

  The multidisciplinary team of surgeons at IHTSC’s Nerve Clinic—nationally and internationally renowned experts in brachial plexus neurology—provides the most up-to-date treatments and advanced surgical solutions for patients with complex nerve injuries. You deserve to move through everyday life—more comfortably and easily—after a brachial plexus nerve injury. Make an appointment today for team-based nerve care.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Injury – Everything You Need To Know

  https://centenoschultz.com/condition/brachial-plexus-injury/

  Brachial plexus injuries can vary greatly from mild to severe. […] They have multiple causes and often occur concurrently with other injuries; that makes their diagnosis complicated. […] However, an injury to this plexus of nerves can affect the movement of the entire arm and forearm. […] Brachial plexus injuries can occur at any level. Based on the location of the injury, brachial plexus injuries are classified into the following categories: […] Brachial Plexus injuries can be classified in various ways based on location, such as root injuries, cord injuries, trunk injuries or nerve level injuries. In most cases, the injuries are a mixture of all the above. […] Symptoms caused by brachial plexus injuries vary depending on the cause and the location of the injury. Below are the symptoms commonly seen with injury to the brachial plexus.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Injury: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22822-brachial-plexus-injury

  A brachial plexus injury involves sudden damage to the network of nerves that branch off from your spinal cord in your neck and extend down into your shoulder, arm and hand. Symptoms include muscle weakness, pain and diminished sensation. […] Mild brachial plexus injuries may heal without treatment, but more severe injuries may require surgery to regain function in your arm or hand. […] A brachial plexus injury is best managed by a team of medical professionals that may include a neurologist, neurosurgeon, hand surgeon, physical therapist, occupational therapist, and primary healthcare provider. […] Many brachial plexus injuries will heal without surgery over a period of weeks to months, especially if they’re mild. Nerve injuries that heal on their own tend to have better outcomes in terms of muscle and nerve function.

• #2 Adult Brachial Plexus Clinic | Vanderbilt Health Nashville, TN

  https://www.vanderbilthealth.com/clinic/adult-brachial-plexus-clinic

  The Adult Brachial Plexus Clinic at Vanderbilt treats injuries to this complex nerve system with multidisciplinary care. […] If you have a brachial plexus injury, you need treatment as a whole patient. […] Our team hosts a monthly clinic dedicated exclusively to patients with brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injuries. […] Our surgical team evaluates all patients together so we can create a special treatment plan for each patient. […] The same surgeons you meet in clinic will perform your surgery.

• #2 Pediatric Brachial Plexus Care | Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta

  https://www.choa.org/medical-services/orthopedics/hand-and-upper-extremity/brachial-plexus

  Early diagnosis of a brachial plexus injury is important because symptoms can be permanent if left untreated. It is important to see a doctor if your child or teen experiences any of the symptoms associated with a brachial plexus injury. […] Our goal is to improve your child’s arm strength and movement. Full recovery depends on early testing, education and treatment. While it is best to begin treatment right after birth or injury in order to keep all options available, but we are often able to help a child at any age or time from injury. […] Early treatment for a brachial plexus injury often involves physical, occupational or hand therapy at home and in a physical therapy clinic. At first, therapy will focus on maintaining your child’s joint motion. Our team will also work with him to build his range of movement and strength. Family members are encouraged to get involved. We will educate your child and family about which exercises to do at home and how to do them.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Injury – Neurosurgery | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/neurosurgery/conditions-treated/brachial-plexus-injury

  The brachial plexus lies in the neck and consists of a group of combining nerve roots that eventually divide again to form peripheral nerves. […] These nerves are responsible for movement and sensation in the shoulders, arms, forearms and hands, and some muscles of the back and chest. […] Symptoms of injury to the nerves of the brachial plexus vary depending upon which nerves are affected. Diagnosis depends on the symptoms. […] Most injuries cause maximum symptoms at the time of the injury. […] Vascular injury can cause worsening of symptoms and needs to be addressed quickly to prevent ongoing deterioration. Treatment depends on the type of injury: […] Nerves damaged by clean, sharp, relatively fresh lacerations, such as those from a knife wound, should be surgically reconnected within 72 hours. […] Injuries related to stretching of the nerves will usually recover spontaneously within four months. […] Injuries with symptoms that continue after four to six months should be investigated surgically.

• #2

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1008/brachial-plexus-injuries

  Brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) can involve any degree of injury at any level of the plexus and range from obstetric injuries to traumatic avulsions. […] Diagnosis requires focused physical examination with EMG/NCS and MRI studies used for confirmation as needed. […] Treatment can be conservative versus operative depending on the age of patient, chronicity of injury, degree of injury and nerve root involvement. […] Nonoperative observation alone waiting for recovery indications most managed with closed observation. […] signs of neurologic recovery advancing Tinel sign is best clinical sign of effective nerve regeneration. […] immediate surgical exploration (1 week) indications sharp penetrating trauma (excluding GSWs), iatrogenic injuries, open injuries, progressive neurologic deficits, expanding hematoma or vascular injury.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Injuries: Care and Treatment | Ausmed

  https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/brachial-plexus-injuries

  In both infants and adults, the underlying treatment principles remain the same, with the main goals of treatment being for patients to return to their previous level of function and the prevention of any potential further disability (Physiopedia 2019b). […] Rehabilitation is an important component of treatment for someone with a brachial plexus injury, especially if the injury is severe. An important factor not to be overlooked in rehabilitation treatment is the patient’s willingness to participate in their treatment program. […] Physiotherapy is essential to help the individual increase their strength and coordination. Occupational therapists also have an important role in assisting the individual with functional training and looking at areas such as range of motion, stamina, power and the need for any adaptive devices (Greenwood et al. 2013).

• #2 Brachial Plexus Injury | Living With Paralysis | Reeve Foundation

  https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/health/causes-of-paralysis/brachial-plexus-injury/

  Conservative treatments include: Physical therapy for arm mobility and strength, electrical stimulation, muscle stretches, range of motion and balance. Occupational therapy to learn techniques for activities of daily living and to obtain devices to improve independence such as use of button hooks and zipper pulls. Medications may be used such as steroid creams or injections to reduce inflammation and for pain control. Shoulder supports, splints, and/or compression garments may be used to support the limb, increase function without further injury to the nerve(s) and to control pain. Electrical stimulation may be gently supplied by electrodes placed on the skin to stimulate healing and control pain. […] Surgical intervention, if needed, should be performed within six months of injury for adults. For infants with brachial plexus injury occurring at birth, surgery is at four to six months. Previously six months was the wait time to see if any return occurred, however, current research indicates surgery should be within the first six months from injury for best outcomes. […] Recovery from brachial plexus injury may take from weeks to months or even years. Continued therapy to avoid complications and to enhance progression must be maintained. Assessments of progress will be completed every other week to every month.

• #2 Nonsurgical Treatment for Brachial Plexus Injuries | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/brachial-plexus-injuries/treatments/nonsurgical-treatment-for-brachial-plexus-injuries

  NYU Langone doctors determine the most effective treatment plan for brachial plexus injuries based on the type of injury and the severity of symptoms. […] Our doctors may recommend a combination of treatments to relieve pain, stabilize the injured area, and improve your range of motion and strength. […] For most people with brachial plexus injuries, physical and occupational therapy are key components of both treatment and recovery. […] Once you can move comfortably, our orthopedic experts may recommend physical therapy to build strength lost from a brachial plexus injury. […] Occupational therapy may be recommended if your fine motor skills have been affected. Our occupational therapists at Rusk Rehabilitation design a specialized plan with therapeutic exercises to help you complete everyday tasks such as bathing, dressing, and driving. Our therapists are trained experts with advanced certification in treating complex injuries such as brachial plexus injuries.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Injury | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/brachial-plexus

  Because your child may not be able to move the affected arm alone, it is important for you to take an active part in keeping the joints limber. […] A brachial plexus injury is a lifelong condition. Management often focuses on preventing or minimizing deficits and maximizing the child’s capabilities at home and in the community.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Injury | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/brachial-plexus-injury/

  Each patients treatment plan is based on that persons specific health conditions, needs, and goals. The sooner treatment begins after an injury, the better the treatments success is likely to be. […] Mild brachial plexus injuries usually respond well to a combination of nonsurgical treatment options, including: Assistive devices such as braces, splints, and compression sleeves; Corticosteroid creams or injections or other medications to help manage pain during healing; Occupational therapy to restore practical skills such as dressing and cooking, in cases that involve severe muscle weakness, numbness, and pain; Physical therapy to learn exercises that can help restore function in the arms and hands and improve range of motion and flexibility in stiff muscles and joints. […] Brachial plexus injuries that are severe or fail to heal on their own may require surgery. The experienced specialists at UT Southwestern are experts in the latest, most effective surgical techniques, including: Innovative microsurgical techniques to improve painful conditions involving the wrist, elbow, and shoulder; Groundbreaking nerve reconstruction, such as nerve transfers and grafts to achieve better functional recovery over a shorter period of time; Surgery to move or disconnect sensory nerves that cause pain; Surgery to reconstruct nerves that have been severed as a result of trauma, tumor removal, or birth-related brachial palsy. […] Because nerves heal slowly, brachial plexus injury recovery can take several weeks to months. During this time, regular physical therapy and checkups help to monitor healing progress and manage any pain. Follow-up checkups are especially important for babies and may be needed for up to two years.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Injuries | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/brain-and-nerves/peripheral-nerve-injury/treatments/brachial-plexus-injuries.html

  Brachial plexus injuries are often caused by trauma, traction and or compression of the nerves involving the brachial plexus, a network of nerve fibers. With severe injuries, pain relief can be hard to achieve and chronic pain may result. […] Dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) myelotomy surgery may be done to selectively destroy a portion of the spinal cord, where the sensory nerve root fibers enter the spinal cord. The outcome for those with severe, chronic pain is significant long-term pain relief and improved quality of life.

• #2 Brachial plexus injury – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350241

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your brachial plexus injury-related health concerns […] Your healthcare team may suggest physical therapy to keep the joints and muscles working properly, maintain range of motion, and prevent stiff joints. […] Serious brachial plexus injuries can cause extreme pain. The pain has been described as a debilitating, severe, crushing feeling or a constant burning. This pain goes away within three years for most people. If medicine can’t control the pain, your healthcare team might suggest surgery to interrupt the pain signals coming from the damaged part of the spinal cord. […] Brachial plexus injury care at Mayo Clinic

• #2

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1008/brachial-plexus-injuries

  early surgical intervention (3-6 weeks) indicated for near total plexus involvement and with high mechanism of energy. […] delayed surgical intervention (3-6 months) indications partial upper plexus involvement and low energy mechanism, plateau in neurologic recovery, best not to delay surgery beyond 6 months. […] Recovery of reconstructed plexus can take up to 3 years nerve regeneration occurs at speed of 1mm/day. […] Good prognostic variables infraclavicular plexus injuries have better prognosis than supraclavicular injuries. […] Poor prognostic variables root avulsion (preganglionic injuries) have worst prognosis not repairable.

• #2 Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Program – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/clinics/brachial-plexus-and-peripheral-nerve-program/

  Most children do not need surgery. For those who do, splinting and therapy combined with surgery has better results than surgery alone. […] We may use splinting to position the shoulder, forearm, elbow, wrist or hand. […] The brachial plexus team may offer surgery to children with serious injuries to their nerves. Surgery involves exploring the injured nerves and reconstructing them if needed. […] If a nerve in your childs arm or leg isnt working because it is pinched or squished (compressed), we may recommend surgery to release the nerve. […] We may recommend moving a muscle to do the work of another muscle. This is called muscle transfer or tendon transfer. […] We will sometimes recommend changing the shape or position of the bone to improve how your childs arm works. This is called osteotomy.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Injury: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/brachial-plexus-injuries

  A brachial plexus injury stretches or compresses the nerves in your shoulders, arms, and hands. […] If left untreated, a brachial plexus injury can become serious. […] Brachial plexus injuries are common. […] Brachial plexus injuries can cause permanent weakness or disability. […] It’s vital to have an orthopaedic doctor diagnose and treat your brachial plexus within six months of the injury. […] For minor brachial plexus injuries, stretched nerves often recover with rest alone. However, your doctor may order physical therapy. […] Physical therapy for minor brachial plexus injuries will help: Ensure your joints and muscles are working right, Increase your range of motion, Prevent stiffness in the joints. […] If severe scar tissue forms, often you will need surgery to remove it and restore nerve function. […] If you need surgery for your brachial plexus injury repair, you should have it within six months of the injury to ensure the best recovery possible. […] Treatment for brachial plexus injuries received within six months after the initial injury have high success rates.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Program | Children’s National | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/departments/brachial-plexus-program

  Our team offers many treatment options for patients with brachial plexus injury to optimize outcomes. Treatment options include: Therapeutic rehabilitation, Braces and splints, Home exercise plan that educates parents on how to engage their child in therapeutic activities at home, Medications, Botulinum injections to address muscular imbalance across the shoulder and arm, Surgery (if needed), including: Repair of nerve damage with nerve grafting and nerve transfers, Contracture release, Tendon and muscle transfer.

• #2 Mass General Brigham Brachial Plexus & Nerve Disorders Program

  https://www.massgeneral.org/orthopaedics/brachial-plexus

  Surgical treatment options for brachial plexus injury include: […] Brachial plexus neurolysis is a surgery to explore the nerves of the brachial plexus, rid them from any external compression, and free them from surrounding scar tissue. […] Joint fusion surgery treats arthritic, unstable or flail joints by fusing two bones into one. […] Tendon transfer surgery connects a healthy, expendable muscle or tendon to a nonfunctional muscle or tendon. […] Nerve grafting surgery replaces an injured nerve with a healthy one, implanted from another part of the body through microsurgery. […] Nerve transfer surgery connects a healthy, expendable donor nerve to an injured nerve through microsurgery.

• #2 Treatment Options | Brachial Plexus

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/b/brachial-plexus/treatment

  Treatment: May include range of motion to maintain flexibility and maximize movement as well as strengthening, which may include the use of resistive activity, weights and electrical stimulation. Therapeutic taping may also be used to help with positioning of your child’s arm, or orthoses (splints) may be used to support wrist/hand positioning. Aquatic therapy is always recommended as one of the best ways of maintaining increased function. […] Microsurgical nerve repair may be undertaken as early as 3-6 months of age and isolated nerve repairs up to approximately 18 months. The time frame for surgical repair is an important factor for recovery. Muscles that have not been reconnected to nerves within 18 months of injury weaken to the point where re-innervation may no longer be possible. […] Additional procedures may include tendon transfers, muscle transfers and osteotomies to correct muscle imbalances that limit function.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Injuries – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/brachial-plexus-injuries/

  During your discussion with your doctor, it will be important to set realistic goals and expectations for surgical treatment. […] Recovery and Rehabilitation […] During this recovery process, occupational therapists teach patients how to use the unaffected arm to perform daily activities like eating and personal hygiene. […] Physical therapy of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and fingers involves specific exercises to prevent stiffness, contractures, or muscle atrophy. […] Pain may be managed with medications, therapy, and/or assistive devices. […] In addition, patients will require healthy coping skills to adjust their lives both in terms of employment and daily activities in anticipation of a less functional arm and/or hand.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Injury | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/neurosurgery/brachial-plexus-injury-adults

  After surgery, physical and occupational therapy are vital to maximizing function and re-training the brain to use new nerve or muscle tissue. […] DREZ lesioning is a surgical procedure that reduces pain in the shoulder, arm, and hand due to brachial plexus avulsions. The DREZ procedure was pioneered at Duke, and we are the only center in North Carolina, and one of the few in the U.S., offering this advanced treatment option.

• #2 Managing brachial plexus injuries

  https://journals.rcni.com/nursing-standard/managing-brachial-plexus-injuries-ns.8.21.31.s48

  People who are injured in severe traumatic incidents such as motorcycle accidents and knife or gunshot attacks generally require intensive, life-saving surgical intervention for head, chest or spinal injuries. […] The author describes the surgical and nursing management of these devastating injuries.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Injuries: Care and Treatment | Ausmed

  https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/brachial-plexus-injuries

  It is important that rehabilitative treatment is sought immediately following the injury. With any injury involving nerve and muscle, delayed treatment can lead to contractures forming and further disability for the individual (Greenwood et al 2013). […] Nurses caring for these patients need to ensure they are well-informed and supported to become active participants in their care. Without this engagement, treatment can fail, leading to increases in disability for the individual and a multitude of effects on all areas of their life.

• #2

  https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury

  If you can’t use the hand or arm for a short time, daily range-of-motion exercises and physical therapy can help prevent joint stiffness. Avoid burns or cuts, as you may not feel them if you have numbness. […] If your child has brachial plexus palsy, it’s important to exercise your child’s joints and working muscles every day. You can start when your baby is just a few weeks old. This helps stop the joints from becoming permanently stiff. It also keeps your child’s working muscles strong and healthy.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Injuries | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/b/brachial-plexus-ijuries.html

  Brachial plexus injuries cut off all or part of the communication between the spinal cord and the arm, wrist, and hand. This may mean that you can’t move or feel parts of your arm or hand. […] Some brachial plexus injuries need surgery to repair the damage. Physical therapy can help you restore function in your arms and hands. […] You may need regular checkups to watch the progress and healing of a brachial plexus injury. Checkups are especially important for babies. They may be needed for as long as 2 years as the injury heals. […] If you have a brachial plexus injury that causes a lack of feeling, you must take special care when dealing with hot items, razors, knives, or other objects that could harm you. A brachial plexus injury can keep you from feeling any other injury to the affected area. You may not notice that you’re hurt. […] Get assessed and diagnosed right away to help prevent permanent damage.

• #2 Pediatric Brachial Plexus Care | Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta

  https://www.choa.org/medical-services/orthopedics/hand-and-upper-extremity/brachial-plexus

  Our pediatric team is specially trained to treat brachial plexus injuries, which can happen during birth, while playing sports, in a car accident or from another trauma. […] Our multidisciplinary Brachial Plexus Clinic brings together orthopedic specialists, physiatrists, and physical and occupational therapists who are specially trained to treat kids with brachial plexus birth injury or brachial plexus birth palsy. […] Recovery depends on the type of injury and how many nerves are affected. Most children with BPBI can expect a full recovery without any therapy or surgery. It is important for a specialist to evaluate a child who may have BPBI to help watch the child’s progress and identify treatment options. It is best to begin treatment soon after birth in order to explore all treatment options, but we are often able to help a child at any age.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Injury | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/brachial-plexus

  A brachial plexus birth injury is thought to be caused by an injury involving the child’s brachial plexus during the delivery process. This injury may result in incomplete sensory and / or motor function of the involved arm. […] About two-thirds of children with brachial plexus birth injury get better on their own with minimal treatment. The remaining patients may have limitations related to their brachial plexus birth injury that are not resolving. Limitations may include incomplete range of motion with one or more movements, weak muscles, or decreased sensation (feeling) through the arm. It is for these children that the remainder of our treatment efforts are focused. […] Nonsurgical management is also an important part of the treatment process. Occupational and / or physical therapy is often recommended, including range of motion, strengthening, neuromuscular electrical simulation, kinesio taping, constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT), serial casting, aquatic therapy and use of orthoses, as needed.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Injury

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/brachial-plexus/brachial-plexus-injury

  If your child did not have a fracture, you can gently move their arm. Doing this is an important part of recovery. […] Support your child’s injured arm when picking up or holding them. […] When dressing your child, it may be easier to dress their injured arm first. […] Your baby can do tummy time as long as someone is watching them. It’s an important part of their development. […] Our Brachial Plexus Program expertly cares for children who suffer from brachial plexus injuries.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Injury Program | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/brachial-plexus-program/

  Lurie Childrens offers the states most comprehensive and coordinated multidisciplinary program for infants and children with brachial plexus palsy. […] Our brachial plexus specialists evaluate and treat children from birth through adolescence. […] We treat these injuries as early as possible because they can lead to arm weakness or even paralysis as well as lack of feeling. This results in a loss of function. […] Parents play a central role in the decision-making process for their child’s care at Lurie Children’s. […] Our treatments and therapies encourage children to participate in karate, swimming, dancing and other age-appropriate activities, as they help maintain function through adolescence and early adult years. […] Our occupational therapists will begin therapy, including range of motion and activities to develop awareness of the involved side, and promote alignment of the head, trunk and arm.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Program | Children’s National | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/departments/brachial-plexus-program

  The Brachial Plexus Program at Childrens National is focused on caring for children with either birth-related or traumatic brachial plexus injuries. Our multidisciplinary team of experts is committed to providing the best care possible for our patients, in one location. […] A brachial plexus injury is an injury to the system of nerves that controls the movement of your shoulder, arm and hand. The injury occurs when the nerves are stretched, damaged or torn. A brachial plexus injury typically occurs as a stretch injury during birth. […] We specialize in early recognition and early treatment of brachial plexus injuries to minimize complications for newborns and children and maximize function. […] We bring together clinicians from various specialties, including Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Occupational Therapy, Neurosurgery and Orthopaedic Surgery so patients and families can be evaluated and advised comprehensively on the same day by all members of the care team.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Injury | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/neurosurgery/brachial-plexus-injury-adults

  A team of Duke experts collaborates to care for adults with brachial plexus injuries — damaged nerves in the shoulder, arm, and hand. We offer the full range of treatment options, from highly specialized physical and occupational therapy to the most advanced surgical approaches. We advocate for early assessment and treatment to help you avoid chronic pain and restore function. […] Your doctors will consider many factors — including your injury type, severity, symptoms, and time since the injury occurred — to create a customized treatment plan to meet your needs. Less severe brachial plexus injuries can heal with conservative treatment. Others may need surgery. […] Research shows that people with brachial plexus injuries who start physical and occupational therapy early have better overall outcomes whether or not surgery is needed. Our highly specialized outpatient rehabilitation program helps you preserve function in your arm and hand and prevent complications like contractures (when tendons shorten from lack of use) and joint stiffness.

• #2 Brachial plexus injury – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20350243

  Mayo Clinic’s brachial plexus surgeons are recognized nationally and internationally for their surgical technical excellence and innovative abilities to solve both straightforward and complex brachial plexus problems. […] Each year, hundreds of people with brachial plexus injuries are treated at Mayo Clinic. […] Brachial plexus surgeons at Mayo Clinic have an extensive depth and breadth of experience with advanced microsurgical techniques. […] Mayo Clinic brachial plexus surgeons are recognized for their excellence and innovation.

• #2 Brachial plexus injury – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20350243

  Here at the Mayo Clinic in Arizona, we believe that patients with brachial plexus injuries deserve and require a team-based approach. […] When patients come to us with brachial plexus injuries, we realize that their needs are more than just surgical. That is why we have assembled a team to help address the needs of the entire patient. […] Here in the treatment of brachial plexus injuries we offer cutting edge procedures, including nerve transfers and muscle transplantations. […] Each treatment plan is individualized, taking into account the patient’s need such as degree of injury and type of reconstruction required. […] If you or a loved one has sustained a brachial plexus injury, we encourage you to seek out a brachial plexus specialist as soon as possible. […] Surgeons and scientists collaborate in Mayo Clinic labs for microsurgery and regenerative medicine to develop new solutions that improve nerve healing, speed recovery and improve the outcomes for patients with brachial plexus injuries.

• #2 Brachial Plexus Injury | Kennedy Krieger Institute

  https://www.kennedykrieger.org/brachial-plexus-injury

  Occupational therapy and physical medicine are always part of the recovery process. The Kennedy Krieger Institute not only offers traditional therapies, but also the opportunity to receive intensive activity-based restorative therapies (ABRT) to maximize the recovery and neurodevelopmental processes which lead to function and development of adequate and efficient motor patterns. […] The degree of functional impairment and potential for recovery depends on the mechanism, type, complexity of the brachial plexus injury, and time from injury. The most important decision your surgeons will make is determining if and when surgical intervention should occur.

• #3 Brachial Plexus Injuries

  http://healthlibrary.gradyhealth.org/InteractiveTools/RiskAssessments/134,34

  Brachial plexus injuries cut off all or part of the communication between the spinal cord and the arm, wrist, and hand. This may mean that you can’t move or feel parts of your arm or hand. […] Some brachial plexus injuries need surgery to repair the damage. Physical therapy can help you restore function in your arms and hands. […] Get assessed and diagnosed right away to help prevent permanent damage.

• #3 Brachial plexus injury – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20350243

  People with brachial plexus injuries usually see three surgeons during one office visit at Mayo Clinic. […] At Mayo Clinic, neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons, hand and microvascular surgeons, physical rehabilitation experts, and other specialists collaborate as a team to evaluate and treat each patient. […] Everyone on the team, regardless of medical specialty, is focused on brachial plexus injuries. This means that you’re not just getting one opinion you benefit from the knowledge and experience of each specialist on the multidisciplinary team. […] Once you have suffered an injury of your brachial plexus, it is very important that you receive care for that injury in a timely fashion. This is a time sensitive injury and you should be evaluated by somebody who specializes in this field as soon as possible.

• #3 Brachial plexus injury – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20350243

  Here at the Mayo Clinic in Arizona, we believe that patients with brachial plexus injuries deserve and require a team-based approach. […] When patients come to us with brachial plexus injuries, we realize that their needs are more than just surgical. That is why we have assembled a team to help address the needs of the entire patient. […] Here in the treatment of brachial plexus injuries we offer cutting edge procedures, including nerve transfers and muscle transplantations. […] Each treatment plan is individualized, taking into account the patient’s need such as degree of injury and type of reconstruction required. […] If you or a loved one has sustained a brachial plexus injury, we encourage you to seek out a brachial plexus specialist as soon as possible. […] Surgeons and scientists collaborate in Mayo Clinic labs for microsurgery and regenerative medicine to develop new solutions that improve nerve healing, speed recovery and improve the outcomes for patients with brachial plexus injuries.

• #3 Brachial Plexus Injury | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/brain-neurological-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury

  The degree of functional impairment and potential for recovery depend on the mechanism, type, complexity of the brachial plexus injury, and time from injury. The most important decision your surgeons will make is determining if and when surgical intervention should occur. The exact timing and type of surgery is different for each patient. Therefore, it is important for the patient to be evaluated early so that they may consider all of their treatment options.

• #3 Brachial Plexus Injury – Neurosurgery | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/neurosurgery/conditions-treated/brachial-plexus-injury

  The brachial plexus lies in the neck and consists of a group of combining nerve roots that eventually divide again to form peripheral nerves. […] These nerves are responsible for movement and sensation in the shoulders, arms, forearms and hands, and some muscles of the back and chest. […] Symptoms of injury to the nerves of the brachial plexus vary depending upon which nerves are affected. Diagnosis depends on the symptoms. […] Most injuries cause maximum symptoms at the time of the injury. […] Vascular injury can cause worsening of symptoms and needs to be addressed quickly to prevent ongoing deterioration. Treatment depends on the type of injury: […] Nerves damaged by clean, sharp, relatively fresh lacerations, such as those from a knife wound, should be surgically reconnected within 72 hours. […] Injuries related to stretching of the nerves will usually recover spontaneously within four months. […] Injuries with symptoms that continue after four to six months should be investigated surgically.

• #3 Brachial Plexus Injury: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/brachial-plexus-injuries

  A brachial plexus injury stretches or compresses the nerves in your shoulders, arms, and hands. […] If left untreated, a brachial plexus injury can become serious. […] Brachial plexus injuries are common. […] Brachial plexus injuries can cause permanent weakness or disability. […] It’s vital to have an orthopaedic doctor diagnose and treat your brachial plexus within six months of the injury. […] For minor brachial plexus injuries, stretched nerves often recover with rest alone. However, your doctor may order physical therapy. […] Physical therapy for minor brachial plexus injuries will help: Ensure your joints and muscles are working right, Increase your range of motion, Prevent stiffness in the joints. […] If severe scar tissue forms, often you will need surgery to remove it and restore nerve function. […] If you need surgery for your brachial plexus injury repair, you should have it within six months of the injury to ensure the best recovery possible. […] Treatment for brachial plexus injuries received within six months after the initial injury have high success rates.

• #3 Brachial Plexus Injury | Living With Paralysis | Reeve Foundation

  https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/health/causes-of-paralysis/brachial-plexus-injury/

  Conservative treatments include: Physical therapy for arm mobility and strength, electrical stimulation, muscle stretches, range of motion and balance. Occupational therapy to learn techniques for activities of daily living and to obtain devices to improve independence such as use of button hooks and zipper pulls. Medications may be used such as steroid creams or injections to reduce inflammation and for pain control. Shoulder supports, splints, and/or compression garments may be used to support the limb, increase function without further injury to the nerve(s) and to control pain. Electrical stimulation may be gently supplied by electrodes placed on the skin to stimulate healing and control pain. […] Surgical intervention, if needed, should be performed within six months of injury for adults. For infants with brachial plexus injury occurring at birth, surgery is at four to six months. Previously six months was the wait time to see if any return occurred, however, current research indicates surgery should be within the first six months from injury for best outcomes. […] Recovery from brachial plexus injury may take from weeks to months or even years. Continued therapy to avoid complications and to enhance progression must be maintained. Assessments of progress will be completed every other week to every month.

• #3 Treatment Options | Brachial Plexus

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/b/brachial-plexus/treatment

  A therapist at Cincinnati Children’s demonstrates exercises to improve range of motion for children born with a brachial plexus injury. […] Approximately two-thirds of children with brachial plexus birth injury get better on their own with minimal treatment. Most children benefit from therapy. […] Getting the right treatment for your child will maximize motor function, promote increased signals to the brain and minimize growth deformity. […] We strongly recommend early evaluation and treatment for children with neonatal brachial plexus injury. […] Therapy: An important part of your child’s recovery. Family education and home exercise programs are important aspects of treatment. We encourage family involvement during therapy sessions. You will receive the education and support you need to care for your child and to continue the therapy program at home.

• #3 Brachial Plexus Injury: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22822-brachial-plexus-injury

  A brachial plexus injury involves sudden damage to the network of nerves that branch off from your spinal cord in your neck and extend down into your shoulder, arm and hand. Symptoms include muscle weakness, pain and diminished sensation. […] Mild brachial plexus injuries may heal without treatment, but more severe injuries may require surgery to regain function in your arm or hand. […] A brachial plexus injury is best managed by a team of medical professionals that may include a neurologist, neurosurgeon, hand surgeon, physical therapist, occupational therapist, and primary healthcare provider. […] Many brachial plexus injuries will heal without surgery over a period of weeks to months, especially if they’re mild. Nerve injuries that heal on their own tend to have better outcomes in terms of muscle and nerve function.

• #3 Brachial Plexus Injuries: Care and Treatment | Ausmed

  https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/brachial-plexus-injuries

  In both infants and adults, the underlying treatment principles remain the same, with the main goals of treatment being for patients to return to their previous level of function and the prevention of any potential further disability (Physiopedia 2019b). […] Rehabilitation is an important component of treatment for someone with a brachial plexus injury, especially if the injury is severe. An important factor not to be overlooked in rehabilitation treatment is the patient’s willingness to participate in their treatment program. […] Physiotherapy is essential to help the individual increase their strength and coordination. Occupational therapists also have an important role in assisting the individual with functional training and looking at areas such as range of motion, stamina, power and the need for any adaptive devices (Greenwood et al. 2013).

• #3 Brachial Plexus Program | Children’s National | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/departments/brachial-plexus-program

  Our team offers many treatment options for patients with brachial plexus injury to optimize outcomes. Treatment options include: Therapeutic rehabilitation, Braces and splints, Home exercise plan that educates parents on how to engage their child in therapeutic activities at home, Medications, Botulinum injections to address muscular imbalance across the shoulder and arm, Surgery (if needed), including: Repair of nerve damage with nerve grafting and nerve transfers, Contracture release, Tendon and muscle transfer.

• #3 Brachial Plexus Injury | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/neurosurgery/brachial-plexus-injury-adults

  After surgery, physical and occupational therapy are vital to maximizing function and re-training the brain to use new nerve or muscle tissue. […] DREZ lesioning is a surgical procedure that reduces pain in the shoulder, arm, and hand due to brachial plexus avulsions. The DREZ procedure was pioneered at Duke, and we are the only center in North Carolina, and one of the few in the U.S., offering this advanced treatment option.

• #3 Brachial plexus injury – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350241

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your brachial plexus injury-related health concerns […] Your healthcare team may suggest physical therapy to keep the joints and muscles working properly, maintain range of motion, and prevent stiff joints. […] Serious brachial plexus injuries can cause extreme pain. The pain has been described as a debilitating, severe, crushing feeling or a constant burning. This pain goes away within three years for most people. If medicine can’t control the pain, your healthcare team might suggest surgery to interrupt the pain signals coming from the damaged part of the spinal cord. […] Brachial plexus injury care at Mayo Clinic

• #3

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1008/brachial-plexus-injuries

  early surgical intervention (3-6 weeks) indicated for near total plexus involvement and with high mechanism of energy. […] delayed surgical intervention (3-6 months) indications partial upper plexus involvement and low energy mechanism, plateau in neurologic recovery, best not to delay surgery beyond 6 months. […] Recovery of reconstructed plexus can take up to 3 years nerve regeneration occurs at speed of 1mm/day. […] Good prognostic variables infraclavicular plexus injuries have better prognosis than supraclavicular injuries. […] Poor prognostic variables root avulsion (preganglionic injuries) have worst prognosis not repairable.

• #3 Brachial plexus injury – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20350243

  Mayo Clinic’s brachial plexus surgeons are recognized nationally and internationally for their surgical technical excellence and innovative abilities to solve both straightforward and complex brachial plexus problems. […] Each year, hundreds of people with brachial plexus injuries are treated at Mayo Clinic. […] Brachial plexus surgeons at Mayo Clinic have an extensive depth and breadth of experience with advanced microsurgical techniques. […] Mayo Clinic brachial plexus surgeons are recognized for their excellence and innovation.

• #4 Brachial Plexus Injury: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22822-brachial-plexus-injury

  A brachial plexus injury involves sudden damage to the network of nerves that branch off from your spinal cord in your neck and extend down into your shoulder, arm and hand. Symptoms include muscle weakness, pain and diminished sensation. […] Mild brachial plexus injuries may heal without treatment, but more severe injuries may require surgery to regain function in your arm or hand. […] A brachial plexus injury is best managed by a team of medical professionals that may include a neurologist, neurosurgeon, hand surgeon, physical therapist, occupational therapist, and primary healthcare provider. […] Many brachial plexus injuries will heal without surgery over a period of weeks to months, especially if they’re mild. Nerve injuries that heal on their own tend to have better outcomes in terms of muscle and nerve function.

• #4 Brachial Plexus Treatment | Oklahoma Children’s Hospital OU Health

  https://www.ouhealth.com/oklahoma-childrens-hospital/childrens-services/neurosciences-for-children/brachial-plexus-treatment-for-children/

  At Oklahoma Children’s Hospital, your multidisciplinary brachial plexus care team may include highly trained physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians (physiatrists), occupational therapists, physical therapists, pediatric neurosurgeons, plastic surgeons and orthopedic surgeons. […] Together, everyone focuses on providing comprehensive treatment and support for your baby and family.

• #4 Brachial plexus injury – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20350243

  People with brachial plexus injuries usually see three surgeons during one office visit at Mayo Clinic. […] At Mayo Clinic, neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons, hand and microvascular surgeons, physical rehabilitation experts, and other specialists collaborate as a team to evaluate and treat each patient. […] Everyone on the team, regardless of medical specialty, is focused on brachial plexus injuries. This means that you’re not just getting one opinion you benefit from the knowledge and experience of each specialist on the multidisciplinary team. […] Once you have suffered an injury of your brachial plexus, it is very important that you receive care for that injury in a timely fashion. This is a time sensitive injury and you should be evaluated by somebody who specializes in this field as soon as possible.

• #4 Brachial Plexus Injury: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22822-brachial-plexus-injury

  Healthcare providers typically recommend surgical treatment for brachial plexus injuries when the nerves don’t heal on their own or don’t recover enough to restore necessary function to your arm and hand. […] If your newborn has a mild brachial plexus injury, their provider will likely recommend gently massaging their arm and range-of-motion exercises for treatment. […] You’ll also likely need physical therapy for your shoulder, elbow, wrist and fingers to prevent stiffness and muscle atrophy. […] If you’ve experienced a brachial plexus injury, you’ll need to see your healthcare team regularly throughout your recovery to monitor the healing and function of your nerves.

• #5 Brachial Plexus Injury: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/brachial-plexus-injuries

  A brachial plexus injury stretches or compresses the nerves in your shoulders, arms, and hands. […] If left untreated, a brachial plexus injury can become serious. […] Brachial plexus injuries are common. […] Brachial plexus injuries can cause permanent weakness or disability. […] It’s vital to have an orthopaedic doctor diagnose and treat your brachial plexus within six months of the injury. […] For minor brachial plexus injuries, stretched nerves often recover with rest alone. However, your doctor may order physical therapy. […] Physical therapy for minor brachial plexus injuries will help: Ensure your joints and muscles are working right, Increase your range of motion, Prevent stiffness in the joints. […] If severe scar tissue forms, often you will need surgery to remove it and restore nerve function. […] If you need surgery for your brachial plexus injury repair, you should have it within six months of the injury to ensure the best recovery possible. […] Treatment for brachial plexus injuries received within six months after the initial injury have high success rates.

• #6 Pediatric Brachial Plexus Care | Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta

  https://www.choa.org/medical-services/orthopedics/hand-and-upper-extremity/brachial-plexus

  Early diagnosis of a brachial plexus injury is important because symptoms can be permanent if left untreated. It is important to see a doctor if your child or teen experiences any of the symptoms associated with a brachial plexus injury. […] Our goal is to improve your child’s arm strength and movement. Full recovery depends on early testing, education and treatment. While it is best to begin treatment right after birth or injury in order to keep all options available, but we are often able to help a child at any age or time from injury. […] Early treatment for a brachial plexus injury often involves physical, occupational or hand therapy at home and in a physical therapy clinic. At first, therapy will focus on maintaining your child’s joint motion. Our team will also work with him to build his range of movement and strength. Family members are encouraged to get involved. We will educate your child and family about which exercises to do at home and how to do them.

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