Urazy splotu ramiennego
Objawy

Uraz splotu ramiennego obejmuje uszkodzenie nerwów od rdzenia kręgowego do kończyny górnej, z objawami zależnymi od lokalizacji i stopnia uszkodzenia. Lekkie urazy, takie jak neuropraksja, często występują w sportach kontaktowych i objawiają się przejściowym bólem, drętwieniem i osłabieniem mięśni, z pełnym powrotem funkcji w 90-100% przypadków. Poważniejsze uszkodzenia, w tym avulsje korzeni nerwowych, prowadzą do trwałego osłabienia, utraty czucia, intensywnego bólu neuropatycznego oraz paraliżu kończyny. Regeneracja nerwów przebiega wolno, około 1 mm dziennie (2,5 cm miesięcznie), a rokowanie zależy od wieku pacjenta, lokalizacji urazu, rodzaju uszkodzenia oraz czasu od urazu do leczenia. Wczesna interwencja chirurgiczna, najlepiej w ciągu 4-6 miesięcy od urazu, jest kluczowa dla optymalnego powrotu funkcji.

  1. Urazy splotu ramiennego – objawy
    1. Lekkie urazy splotu ramiennego
    2. Poważne urazy splotu ramiennego
    3. Ból neuropatyczny w urazach splotu ramiennego
  2. Progresja objawów i rokowanie
    1. Przebieg choroby i czas zdrowienia
    2. Czynniki wpływające na rokowanie
    3. Możliwe długotrwałe komplikacje
    4. Niepełny powrót do zdrowia
  3. Specyficzne objawy w różnych grupach pacjentów
    1. Objawy u noworodków i niemowląt
    2. Objawy u dzieci i młodzieży
    3. Objawy u dorosłych
  4. Rzadkie i szczególne objawy
    1. Zespół Hornera
    2. Specyficzne manifestacje kliniczne
    3. Ból deaferentacyjny
  5. Kiedy szukać pomocy medycznej
    1. Znaczenie wczesnej diagnozy
    2. Faza zdrowienia i rehabilitacji
    3. Kolejne rozdziały

Urazy splotu ramiennego – objawy

Uraz splotu ramiennego (brachial plexus injury) to uszkodzenie sieci nerwów, które przebiegają od rdzenia kręgowego przez szyję i rozgałęziają się w kierunku barku, ramienia, przedramienia i dłoni. Objawy urazu splotu ramiennego mogą znacznie się różnić w zależności od lokalizacji i stopnia ciężkości uszkodzenia. Zazwyczaj dotyczy tylko jednej kończyny górnej.123

Lekkie urazy splotu ramiennego

Lekkie uszkodzenia splotu ramiennego często występują podczas uprawiania sportów kontaktowych, takich jak futbol amerykański czy zapasy, gdy nerwy splotu ramiennego zostają rozciągnięte lub ściśnięte. Stany te określane są jako „stinger” lub „burner” (uderzenie elektryczne lub oparzenie).12 Do objawów należą:

  • Uczucie podobne do porażenia prądem elektrycznym lub uczucie pieczenia promieniujące wzdłuż ramienia12
  • Drętwienie i osłabienie w ramieniu12
  • Przejściowe osłabienie mięśni2

Te objawy zwykle utrzymują się tylko przez kilka sekund lub minut, ale u niektórych osób mogą trwać przez kilka dni lub dłużej.12

Poważne urazy splotu ramiennego

Poważniejsze objawy pojawiają się, gdy uraz poważnie uszkadza, a nawet rozrywa nerwy. Najpoważniejszym urazem splotu ramiennego jest avulsja (wyrwanie), gdy korzeń nerwowy zostaje oderwany od rdzenia kręgowego.12 Objawy poważnych urazów obejmują:

  • Osłabienie lub niemożność używania niektórych mięśni dłoni, ramienia lub barku12
  • Utrata czucia w ramieniu, w tym w barku i dłoni12
  • Intensywny ból, który może być opisywany jako wyniszczający, dotkliwy, miażdżący lub jako stałe pieczenie12
  • Całkowity lub częściowy paraliż ramienia12
  • Zmniejszona zręczność dłoni lub poszczególnych palców1
  • Kończyna górna zwisająca bezwładnie12

Ból neuropatyczny w urazach splotu ramiennego

Ból w urazach splotu ramiennego wynika z uszkodzenia rdzenia kręgowego, gdzie korzonki nerwowe zostają wyrwane z rdzenia. Ten ból ma charakter neuropatyczny, może być bardzo trudny do zniesienia i może utrzymywać się przez bardzo długi czas.1

Urazy splotu ramiennego, które występują na poziomie rdzenia kręgowego, często powodują większy ból niż urazy dalsze od rdzenia kręgowego. Ponadto urazy bliżej rdzenia kręgowego mogą powodować palące drętwienie, nazywane parestezją lub dyzestezją.12

Progresja objawów i rokowanie

Progresja objawów urazu splotu ramiennego zależy od rodzaju i stopnia uszkodzenia nerwów. Nerwy goją się bardzo powoli, dlatego powrót do zdrowia po urazie splotu ramiennego wymaga czasu. Pacjent może nie odczuwać poprawy przez kilka miesięcy.1

Przebieg choroby i czas zdrowienia

W przypadku urazów o charakterze neuropraksji (rozciągnięcia nerwów) większość pacjentów wraca do zdrowia bez operacji, z 90-100% powrotem funkcji nerwów.12 Regeneracja przebiega według następujących prawidłowości:

  • Nerwy regenerują się w tempie około 1 mm dziennie (około 2,5 cm miesięcznie)12
  • Jeśli nerwy zostały tylko rozciągnięte, mogą goić się samoistnie1
  • Zdolność zginania łokcia (funkcja mięśnia dwugłowego) do trzeciego miesiąca życia u niemowląt jest uważana za wskaźnik prawdopodobnego powrotu do zdrowia12
  • Większość dzieci z urazami nabytymi podczas porodu poprawia się lub wraca do zdrowia samoistnie do 3-4 miesiąca życia12

Czynniki wpływające na rokowanie

Rokowanie w przypadku urazu splotu ramiennego zależy od wielu czynników, takich jak:

  • Wiek pacjenta – młodsi pacjenci zazwyczaj zdrowieją szybciej i bardziej kompletnie niż starsi1
  • Lokalizacja urazu – urazy bliżej rdzenia kręgowego mają gorsze rokowanie1
  • Rodzaj urazu – avulsje (wyrwania) mają najgorsze rokowanie1
  • Czas, który upłynął od urazu do leczenia – wczesne leczenie ma lepsze wyniki12

Cięższe urazy wymagają dłuższego czasu na powrót do zdrowia, a pacjent może nigdy nie odzyskać normalnej funkcji po ciężkim urazie splotu ramiennego.12

Możliwe długotrwałe komplikacje

Urazy splotu ramiennego mogą prowadzić do trwałego osłabienia lub niepełnosprawności. Nawet jeśli wydaje się, że uraz jest łagodny, może wymagać opieki medycznej.1 Długotrwałe komplikacje mogą obejmować:

  • Sztywność stawów – jeśli występuje paraliż dłoni lub ramienia, stawy mogą stać się sztywne, co utrudnia poruszanie się, nawet jeśli pacjent odzyska możliwość używania dłoni lub ramienia1
  • Przewlekły ból neuropatyczny – spowodowany uszkodzeniem nerwów i może utrzymywać się przez całe życie12
  • Drętwienie – utrata czucia w ramieniu lub dłoni zwiększa ryzyko oparzeń lub obrażeń bez świadomości ich wystąpienia1
  • Atrofia mięśni – nerwy regenerują się powoli i mogą potrzebować wielu lat na wygojenie po urazie; w tym czasie nieużywanie mięśni może spowodować ich zanik12
  • Trwała niepełnosprawność – nawet przy zastosowaniu leczenia chirurgicznego niektórzy pacjenci doświadczają osłabienia mięśni lub paraliżu, który utrzymuje się przez resztę życia12

Niepełny powrót do zdrowia

Niepełny lub mieszany powrót do zdrowia może wystąpić, jeśli nerwy nie przyłączą się w pełni do swoich pierwotnych celów motorycznych i sensorycznych.1 Pełny powrót do zdrowia nastąpi tylko wtedy, gdy włókna czuciowe dotrą do swoich celów czuciowych, a włókna motoryczne dotrą do swoich celów mięśniowych.1

Ograniczenia mogą obejmować niepełny zakres ruchu w przypadku jednego lub więcej ruchów, osłabione mięśnie lub zmniejszone czucie w ramieniu.1 Uraz splotu ramiennego jest stanem na całe życie. Leczenie często koncentruje się na zapobieganiu lub minimalizowaniu deficytów i maksymalizowaniu możliwości dziecka w domu i w społeczności.1

Specyficzne objawy w różnych grupach pacjentów

Objawy u noworodków i niemowląt

Objawy urazu splotu ramiennego u noworodków i niemowląt obejmują:12

  • Brak ruchu w górnej lub dolnej części ramienia lub dłoni12
  • Brak odruchu Moro (reakcji przestrachu) po stronie dotkniętej urazem12
  • Trzymanie ramienia przy ciele z wyprostowanym łokciem12
  • Zmniejszona siła chwytu po stronie dotkniętej urazem12

Niemowlęta z urazem splotu ramiennego mogą także mieć złamania kości (najczęściej obojczyka lub kości ramiennej) nabyte podczas porodu.1 Większość niemowląt w pełni wraca do zdrowia w ciągu 3-4 miesięcy. Te, które nie wracają do zdrowia w tym czasie, mają złe rokowanie co do pełnego wyzdrowienia. W takich przypadkach mogło dojść do oddzielenia korzenia nerwowego od rdzenia kręgowego (avulsji).1

Objawy u dzieci i młodzieży

U dzieci i młodzieży urazy splotu ramiennego mogą powodować:12

  • Ograniczony lub brak ruchu w barku, ramieniu i dłoni1
  • Osłabienie mięśni lub wiotkie ramię12
  • Utrata czucia w barku, ramieniu i dłoni12
  • Widoczne skrócenie i zmniejszenie rozmiaru kończyny1
  • U części pacjentów można zaobserwować ramię skierowane do wewnątrz lub nadgarstek i dłoń wygięte w dół1

Bez odpowiedniego leczenia, gdy dziecko dorasta, jego bark, ramię i dłoń mogą wyglądać i poruszać się inaczej niż u typowego dziecka. Niektóre z tych różnic są bardziej zauważalne niż inne. Ramię może być krótsze i mniejsze oraz może nie poruszać się tak dobrze jak ramię, które nie uległo urazowi.1

Objawy u dorosłych

U dorosłych objawy urazu splotu ramiennego mogą obejmować:12

  • Uczucie podobne do porażenia prądem elektrycznym przechodzące przez ramię1
  • Osłabienie, drętwienie lub paraliż ramienia12
  • Wyraźne pieczenie, kłucie lub silny ból w barku, ramieniu lub dłoni12
  • Ograniczony zakres ruchu – trudności w poruszaniu ramieniem lub dłonią tak swobodnie jak wcześniej1
  • Częściowa lub całkowita utrata funkcji motorycznych – paraliż lub utrata kontroli mięśniowej w ramieniu, dłoni lub nadgarstku1

Objawy mogą być gorsze w zimnej pogodzie lub gdy pacjent jest zestresowany lub zmartwiony.1

Rzadkie i szczególne objawy

Zespół Hornera

Rzadkim powikłaniem urazu splotu ramiennego jest zespół Hornera. Objawy tego stanu obejmują:12

  • Zwężenie źrenicy (mioza) w jednym oku12
  • Opadanie powieki (ptoza)12
  • Brak możliwości pocenia się na jednej połowie twarzy (anhidroza)12

Zespół Hornera występuje, gdy dochodzi do przerwania sygnałów nerwowych, które kontrolują części twarzy. Jest on zwykle spowodowany urazem nerwów splotu ramiennego, szczególnie w przypadku uszkodzeń dolnego pnia splotu.12

Specyficzne manifestacje kliniczne

W zależności od lokalizacji i charakteru uszkodzenia nerwów splotu ramiennego, mogą wystąpić specyficzne manifestacje kliniczne:12

  • Porażenie Erba (uszkodzenie górnego splotu C5-C6) – charakterystycznie ramię jest trzymane przywiedziono i zrotowane do wewnątrz, z przedramieniem w pronacji, dłonią i nadgarstkiem w zgięciu („pozycja kelnera”). Pacjent nie może poruszać ramieniem ani barkiem12
  • Porażenie Klumpkego – powoduje paraliż niektórych mięśni dłoni. Objawy obejmują rękę szponiastą, utratę czucia w dolnym pniu oraz zespół Hornera12
  • Całkowite porażenie splotu ramiennego – prowadzi do całkowicie sparaliżowanego ramienia bez czucia1

Ból deaferentacyjny

Szczególnym rodzajem bólu występującym w urazach splotu ramiennego jest ból deaferentacyjny, który pojawia się, gdy korzenie nerwowe są wyrwane w preganglionarnych zmianach.1 Ten rodzaj bólu może być wyjątkowo trudny do leczenia i może utrzymywać się przez długi czas.

Kiedy szukać pomocy medycznej

Urazy splotu ramiennego mogą powodować trwałe osłabienie lub niepełnosprawność. Nawet jeśli uraz wydaje się łagodny, warto skonsultować się z lekarzem, gdy występują:12

  • Nawracające „burners” i „stingers” (uczucie porażenia prądem w ramieniu), lub objawy, które nie ustępują szybko12
  • Osłabienie w dłoni lub ramieniu12
  • Ból szyi12
  • Objawy występujące w obu ramionach12
  • Osłabienie w dowolnej części ramienia po urazie1
  • Paraliż górnej części ramienia lub barku1

Jeśli uraz powoduje upośledzający ból, utratę ruchu lub paraliż, należy natychmiast szukać pomocy na oddziale ratunkowym.1 Leczenie urazów splotu ramiennego podjęte w ciągu sześciu miesięcy od pierwotnego urazu ma wysokie wskaźniki powodzenia.1

Znaczenie wczesnej diagnozy

Wczesne rozpoznanie i wdrożenie leczenia mają kluczowe znaczenie dla urazów splotu ramiennego. W przeszłości często opóźniano operację, aby sprawdzić, czy nerwy zgoją się same. Jednak nowe badania wykazują, że opóźnienie operacji o ponad 2-6 miesięcy może sprawić, że naprawa będzie mniej skuteczna.12

Mięśnie są również bardziej podatne na odzyskanie funkcji, gdy sygnały nerwowe zostają przywrócone w ciągu kilku miesięcy. Po tym czasie włókna mięśniowe mogą już nie być w stanie komunikować się z nerwami, nawet jeśli sygnały nerwowe zostaną przywrócone.1

Biorąc pod uwagę ramy czasowe do trwałego paraliżu (około 1 roku), naprawę chirurgiczną najlepiej przeprowadzić 4-6 miesięcy po urazie.1

Faza zdrowienia i rehabilitacji

Zdrowienie po urazie splotu ramiennego może wymagać czasu. Tkanka nerwowa rośnie powoli, więc efekty końcowe operacji mogą być widoczne dopiero po wielu latach. Podczas rekonwalescencji pacjent może wykonywać ćwiczenia, aby utrzymać elastyczność stawów. Można stosować szyny, aby zapobiec zwijaniu się dłoni do wewnątrz.1

Po operacji przeszczepu nerwów może minąć 8 miesięcy lub dłużej, zanim pojawią się oznaki nowej funkcji nerwów. Poprawa siły, zakresu ruchu i kontroli może trwać nawet 18 miesięcy lub dłużej po operacji.1

W niektórych przypadkach funkcja nerwów zaczyna się poprawiać, gdy nerwy są przeszczepione i mają możliwość wrastania do mięśnia. Operacje transferu nerwów mogą zapewnić pacjentowi rozsądną funkcjonalność w większości przypadków.1

Kolejne rozdziały

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  1. 16.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Brachial plexus injury // Middlesex Health
    https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury
    Symptoms of a brachial plexus injury can differ depending on how serious the injury is and where it’s located. Usually only one arm is affected. […] Minor damage often happens during contact sports, such as football or wrestling, when the brachial plexus nerves get stretched or squeezed together. These are called stingers or burners. Some of the symptoms are: A feeling like an electric shock or a burning sensation shooting down the arm. Numbness and weakness in the arm. These symptoms usually last only a few seconds or minutes, but in some people the symptoms may last for days or longer. […] More-serious symptoms happen when an injury seriously damages or even tears or ruptures the nerves. The most serious brachial plexus injury is when the nerve root is cut or torn from the spinal cord. Symptoms of serious injuries can include: Weakness or not being able to use certain muscles in the hand, arm or shoulder. Loss of feeling in the arm, including the shoulder and hand. Intense pain.
  • #1 About Brachial Plexus and Traumatic Nerve Injury
    https://www.hss.edu/brachialplexuscenter-about.asp
    Brachial plexus injury symptoms felt in the arm and shoulder can include: […] numbness […] weakness […] paralysis […] pain […] loss of feeling. […] A traumatic injury of the brachial plexus can have devastating consequences, including loss of function and chronic pain for an otherwise healthy, active patient. […] Injuries to the brachial plexus (nerves that conduct signals to the shoulder, arm, and hand) can have devastating consequences, including loss of function and chronic pain.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Injury | Symptoms Treatment & Causes | IFAR
    https://www.advancedreconstruction.com/distinguished-centers/brachial-plexus
    Damaged nerves can manifest in a number of different sensations and effects to the connected area of the body. Nerve pain is often described as a sharp, burning sensation. The worse the damage to the nerve is, the further the pain can radiate to adjacent areas of the body. Nerve damage can also create a weakness to the impacted area and subsequent body parts to which the nerve controls sensory and movement communication. In severe cases this can lead to a loss of mobility to fingers, hands, or the entire arm (paralysis). […] Watch for these signs of nerve damage and reach out to a medical professional if the pain becomes debilitating or you start to notice a weakening or loss of functioning in the hands, wrist or arms: Lessened or lost dexterity of the hand or individual fingers, Numbness or loss of sensation in the arm or hand, Loss of use of part or all of the arm, wrist, or hand, A jolting, shock sensation immediately after a fall or blunt force to the shoulder or neck, Persistent or worsening burning sensation that radiates from any part of the shoulder or arm, The arm is hanging limp, A burning pain that radiates from the shoulder, arm, or wrist.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Injuries
    https://austinregionalclinic.staywellsolutionsonline.com/library/testsprocedures/Gastroenterology/134,34
    Brachial plexus injuries cut off all or part of the communication between the spinal cord and the arm, wrist, and hand. This may mean that you can’t move or feel parts of your arm or hand. […] Symptoms depend on where along the length of the brachial plexus the injuries happen and how severe they are. […] These are common symptoms of brachial plexus injuries: No feeling in the hand or arm, Pain in the arm or hand, Inability to control or move the arm, wrist, or hand, An arm that hangs limply. […] The severity of a brachial plexus injury varies. In some people, function and feeling returns to normal. Others may have lifelong disability because they can’t use or feel a part of the arm. […] For severe brachial plexus injuries, surgery may be needed right away to try to get function back. Without it, you might have a lasting disability and be unable to use your arm or hand.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Injuries – OrthoInfo – AAOS
    https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/brachial-plexus-injuries/
    Brachial Plexus Injuries […] The brachial plexus is a network of intertwined nerves that control movement and sensation in the arm and hand. A traumatic brachial plexus injury involves sudden damage to these nerves, and may cause weakness, loss of feeling, or loss of movement in the shoulder, arm, or hand. […] Symptoms vary depending upon the type and location of the injury to the brachial plexus as well as whether the patient sustained other injuries. The most common symptoms of brachial plexus injury include: Weakness or numbness, Loss of sensation, Loss of movement (paralysis), Pain. […] The pain from brachial plexus injuries results from injury to the spinal cord where the nerve rootlets are pulled out of the cord. This pain is neuropathic in nature; it can be very difficult to deal with and can last for a very long time. […] Brachial plexus injuries that occur at the level of the spinal cord often produce greater pain than injuries farther from the spinal cord. In addition, injuries nearer the spinal cord may cause a burning numbness, which is called paresthesia or dysesthesia.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Injury: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Types
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22822-brachial-plexus-injury
    Symptoms of a brachial plexus injury in newborns include: No movement in your newborns upper or lower arm or hand. Absent Moro reflex (startle response) on the affected side. They hold their arm against their body with their arm extended (straight) at their elbow. Decreased grip on the affected side. […] Nerves heal very slowly. Because of this, recovery from a brachial plexus injury takes time. You may not experience results or improvement for several months. […] Most people who have stretch injuries (neuropraxia) recover without surgery with a 90% to 100% return of nerve function.
  • #1 Brachial plexus injury – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US
    https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/581
    Brachial plexus injuries most commonly result from motor vehicle accidents, gunshot or stab wounds, contact sports accidents, or workplace accidents during heavy physical labor. […] The effects of the injury can include paralysis, loss of sensation, and pain. The specific clinical presentation will depend on the roots involved and the degree of injury to each root. […] An injury that does not resolve within a few days will often require major surgical reconstruction. The speed of nerve regeneration after spontaneous recovery or nerve repair is about 1 mm per day (1 inch per month). […] Given the time frame to permanent paralysis (about 1 year), surgical repair is best carried out by 4 to 6 months after injury.
  • #1 Brachial plexus injury – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350241
    To diagnose your condition, your healthcare professional checks your symptoms and does a physical exam. […] Serious brachial plexus injuries can cause extreme pain. The pain has been described as a debilitating, severe, crushing feeling or a constant burning. This pain goes away within three years for most people. […] Nerves that have only been stretched may heal on their own. […] Surgery is often the best option for serious nerve injuries. In the past, surgery was sometimes delayed to see if the nerves would heal on their own. However, new research shows that delaying surgery by more than 2 to 6 months could make the repair less successful. […] Nerve tissue grows slowly, so it can take many years before you see the final results of surgery. During recovery, you can do exercises to keep your joints flexible. Splints may be used to keep the hand from curling inward.
  • #1 Brachial plexus injury – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachial_plexus_injury
    Signs and symptoms may include a limp or paralyzed arm, lack of muscle control in the arm, hand, or wrist, and lack of feeling or sensation in the arm or hand. […] The most severe form of injury is nerve root avulsion, which usually accompanies high-velocity impacts that commonly occur during motor-vehicle collisions or bicycle accidents. […] The cardinal signs of brachial plexus injury then, are weakness in the arm, diminished reflexes, and corresponding sensory deficits. […] In some cases, these injuries can cause total and irreversible paralysis. […] The ability to bend the elbow (biceps function) by the third month of life is considered an indicator of probable recovery, with additional upward movement of the wrist, as well as straightening of thumb and fingers an even stronger indicator of excellent spontaneous improvement.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Injury | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
    https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/brachial-plexus-injury
    Symptoms of a brachial plexus injury may include: A limp or paralyzed arm […] A lack of feeling or sensation in the arm or hand […] Sudden pain in the shoulder or arm that may be stinging or burning. The severity of a brachial plexus injury depends on the nerves affected and the extent of the injury. Some injuries may be temporary, while others are chronic. Some brachial plexus injuries may heal without treatment. Some children who are injured during birth improve or recover on their own by 3 to 4 months of age. Most children recover some function through physical and occupational therapy. In some cases (such as avulsion and rupture injuries), surgery is needed.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Injury: Signs & Treatment | The Hand Society
    https://www.assh.org/handcare/condition/brachial-plexus-injury
    Recovery from brachial plexus injury will be different depending on what nerve is injured, the type of injury, the patients age, and the severity of the injury. Some brachial plexus injuries are minor and will completely recover in several weeks. Other injuries are severe enough to cause permanent disability in the arm, even with the best possible treatment. In general, younger patients tend to recover faster and more completely than older patients. More severe injuries take longer to recover, and a patient may never return to normal function after a severe brachial plexus injury.
  • #1
    https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1008/brachial-plexus-injuries
    Brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) can involve any degree of injury at any level of the plexus and range from obstetric injuries to traumatic avulsions. […] Diagnosis requires focused physical examination with EMG/NCS and MRI studies used for confirmation as needed. […] Treatment can be conservative versus operative depending on the age of patient, chronicity of injury, degree of injury and nerve root involvement. […] Physical exam leads to a flaccid arm. […] Presents with motor deficits (flail arm). […] Severe pain in anesthetized limb correlates with root avulsion. […] Horner’s syndrome features include drooping of the eyelid, pupillary constriction, and anhidrosis. […] Recovery of reconstructed plexus can take up to 3 years; nerve regeneration occurs at speed of 1mm/day. […] Root avulsion (preganglionic injuries) have worst prognosis; not repairable.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Injury | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center
    https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/brachial-plexus-injury/
    Brachial plexus injuries affect the peripheral nerves that carry movement and sensory signals between the spinal cord and the shoulder, arm, and hand. These injuries can cause pain, weakness, numbness, or even paralysis in the affected arm and hand. […] Symptoms of a brachial plexus injury can vary greatly, depending on the severity and location of the injury. These symptoms include: A feeling like an electric shock shooting down the arm, Burning, stinging, or severe and sudden pain in the shoulder or arm which can be temporary or chronic, Inability to control or move the shoulder, arm, wrist, or hand, Numbness or loss of feeling in the hand or arm, Weakness or inability to use certain muscles in the hand, arm, or shoulder. […] Some brachial plexus injuries can cause permanent weakness or disability if left untreated. Even if your symptoms seem minor, see your doctor if you have: Recurrent burners and stingers, Weakness in your hand or arm, Neck pain, Symptoms in both arms.
  • #1 Brachial plexus injury // Middlesex Health
    https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury
    Brachial plexus injuries can cause lasting weakness or disability. Even if yours seems minor, you may need medical care. See your healthcare provider if you have: Burners and stingers that keep coming back, or symptoms that don’t go away quickly. Weakness in the hand or arm. Neck pain. Symptoms in both arms.
  • #1 Brachial plexus injury | Beacon Health System
    https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury?content_id=CON-20127291
    Brachial plexus injuries can cause lasting weakness or disability. Even if yours seems minor, you may need medical care. See your healthcare provider if you have: Burners and stingers that keep coming back, or symptoms that don’t go away quickly. Weakness in the hand or arm. Neck pain. Symptoms in both arms. […] Many mild brachial plexus injuries heal over time with few to no issues. But some injuries can cause short-term or lasting problems, such as: Stiff joints. If you have hand or arm paralysis, the joints can get stiff. This can make it hard to move, even if you are able to use your hand or arm again. For that reason, your healthcare professional may suggest ongoing physical therapy during your recovery. Pain. This is caused by nerve damage and may be lifelong. Numbness. If you lose feeling in the arm or hand, you’re at risk of burning or injuring yourself without knowing it. Muscle atrophy. Nerves regrow slowly and can take many years to heal after injury. During that time, not using your muscles may cause them to break down. Permanent disability. How well you recover from a serious brachial plexus injury depends on many things, such as your age and the type, location and seriousness of the injury. Even with surgery, some people have muscle weakness or paralysis that lasts for the rest of their lives.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Injury | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
    https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/brachial-plexus
    Patterns of muscle weakness or paralysis of the involved upper extremity depending on which nerves of the brachial plexus are involved. […] Decreased sensation (feeling) in the involved upper extremity. […] Pain. […] A mixed or incomplete recovery may occur if the nerves do not fully reattach at their original motor and sensory targets. […] Full recovery will occur only if sensory fibers reach their sensory end targets and motor fibers reach their muscle targets. […] The ability to bend the elbow (biceps function) by the one to three months of life is an indicator of probable recovery. […] Limitations may include incomplete range of motion with one or more movements, weak muscles, or decreased sensation (feeling) through the arm. […] A brachial plexus injury is a lifelong condition. Management often focuses on preventing or minimizing deficits and maximizing the child’s capabilities at home and in the community.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Injury
    https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/brachial-plexus/brachial-plexus-injury
    Symptoms can vary based on which nerves were injured and how bad the injury was. Your child may have all or a few of these symptoms on their injured side: […] Limited or no movement in the shoulder, arm, and hand. […] Weak muscles or a limp arm. […] Loss of feeling in the shoulder, arm, and hand. […] A more specific form of this injury may include: Drooping eyelid […] Smaller (constricted) pupil in the eye […] Babies born with brachial plexus injuries may also have broken bones (fractures) during the birth process. This is typically a fracture of the clavicle (collarbone) or of the humerus bone in the upper arm.
  • #1 Brachial plexus injury in newborns: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock
    https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001395.htm
    Symptoms can be seen right away or soon after birth. They may include: […] No movement in the newborn’s upper or lower arm or hand […] Absent Moro reflex on the affected side […] Arm extended (straight) at elbow and held against body […] Decreased grip on the affected side (depending on the site of injury). […] Most babies will fully recover within 3 to 4 months. Those who do not recover during this time have a poor outlook for full recovery. In these cases, there may have been a separation of the nerve root from the spinal cord (avulsion). […] Complications include: […] Permanent, partial, or total loss of function of the affected nerves, causing paralysis of the arm or arm weakness.
  • #1 What Is Brachial Plexus Palsy? Symptoms, Causes, and More
    https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/what-is-brachial-plexus-palsy
    Brachial plexus palsy symptoms include: […] Loss of feeling in the arm […] Loss of muscle control […] Loss of motion or limited range of motion […] Muscle weakness or limpness in one arm […] Pain and numbness in the arm […] Partial or total paralysis of the arm. […] In children, you may notice the arm turning inward or the wrist and hand curling down. Their elbow may be bent because of stiffness in the joint. They may even have trouble moving or controlling their shoulder, arm, wrist, or hand. Some may feel pain or numbness in the arm. […] If left untreated, brachial plexus palsy can lead to permanent weakness or disability. […] Early treatment can help prevent complications and aid in quick recovery.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Injury | Children’s Hospital Colorado
    https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/
    Babies and children with a brachial plexus injury may have: […] Limited or no motion of the fingers, wrist, elbow or shoulder […] Arm bent at the elbow and held against the body […] Tightness […] Decrease in feeling in the shoulder, arm or hand. […] Every child born with a brachial plexus injury is different. Some injuries are mild and some are severe. As your child gets older, their shoulder, arm and hand may look and move differently from a typical child if the injury is not treated correctly. Some of these differences are more noticeable than others. The arm may be shorter and smaller and may not move as well as the arm that was not injured.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Surgery > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine
    https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/brachial-plexus-surgery
    Symptoms include loss of sensation, weakness or paralysis or pain in arm or hand. […] Though its possible to injure your brachial plexus without even knowing you did so, the consequences can include temporary numbness to your arm, pain, loss of sensation or even paralysis. […] A brachial plexus injury usually affects only one side of the body. The severity of injury can depend on a number of factors, including the force of the injury and how many nerves are injured. Since nerves have different functions, which ones are injured also matters. […] In general, symptoms may include: Loss of sensation, A change in your ability to move one of your shoulders, arms or hands, Weakness or paralysis in the arm or hand, Pain in the neck, arm or hand, A feeling like an electric shock going down one arm.
  • #1 What is Brachial Plexus Injury? | Barrow Neurological InstituteSecond Opinion IconSecond Opinion IconSpine Surgery
    https://www.barrowneuro.org/condition/brachial-plexus-injury/
    Symptoms of a brachial plexus injury may include: Numbness, weakness, or paralysis of an arm […] Burning or shock-like pain down an arm […] Weakness in the hand, arm, or shoulder muscles. […] These symptoms are shared with other conditions, so their presence alone does not mean you have a brachial plexus injury. Contact a medical professional if you are experiencing any symptoms.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Injury: Types, Symptoms and Treatment | Banner
    https://www.bannerhealth.com/services/neurology/diseases/brachial-plexus
    A brachial plexus injury can cause weakness and loss of sensation or control in the shoulder, arm and hand. This makes it hard to lift the arm, hold objects or use your hand. It can also cause reduced or no sensation in the arm and fingers. […] The symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the injury. Common signs include: […] Loss of sensation: You might not be able to feel anything in your hand or arm. […] Weakness: You may find it hard to lift your arm or grasp objects. […] Pain: Some people experience burning, stinging or severe pain in their shoulders or arms. […] Limited range of motion: You may not be able to move your arm or hand as freely as before. […] Partial or total loss of motor functions: Paralysis or loss of muscle control in your arm, hand or wrist can occur.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Injury | UNCH
    https://unch.nl/en/nerve-disorders/brachial-plexus-injury
    Brachial Plexus Injury is a rare but severe nerve injury. An injury can occur at different levels of this plexus and this will affect the symptoms that you have. The most common brachial plexus injury is from traction, or stretching. Symptoms may include: […] Pain (burning, crushing or like electric shocks) in hand/arm/shoulder […] Weakness in shoulder/arm/hand […] Loss of sensation or change of feeling in arm/hand. You may find your symptoms are worse in cold weather or when you are stressed or worried.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Birth Injury Symptoms | Signs to Look For
    https://www.cerebralpalsyguidance.com/birth-injury/brachial-plexus/symptoms/
    Symptoms of brachial plexus injuries are similar no matter the age of the affected person, but an infant cannot tell you if they feel numb or cannot move their arm. The symptoms of this kind of injury in a newborn must be detected by a medical professional or the parents to be appropriately assessed and treated. […] A rare complication of brachial plexus damage is called Horners syndrome. The symptoms of this condition include pupil constriction in one eye, drooping of one eyelid, and an inability to sweat on one half of the face. […] The outlook for a brachial plexus injury depends on the severity of the nerve damage. The impairment is mild for most infants and will heal within three to six months of birth. In these cases, the child should not experience any symptoms once the nerves have healed.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Neuropathy: Causes, Risk Factors, and Symptoms
    https://www.healthline.com/health/brachial-plexopathy
    BPN can cause numbness in your shoulder, arm, and hand. Severe cases can cause a complete loss of sensation. This numbness can cause additional complications related to recurring injury to the affected areas. You wont notice these complications if you have an inability to detect pain in those areas. […] Sometimes BPN can cause abnormal sensations such as tingling and burning on or near nerves related to the brachial plexus. These types of sensations generally occur in your arm and hand. […] A decreased ability to lift your wrist or extend it backward is a common way for BPN to manifest. Weakness in your hands may also indicate you have BPN. […] Horner syndrome is rare, but it can indicate BPN. Horners syndrome is caused by an interruption in the nerve signals that control parts of the face. Its usually caused by an injury to the nerves of the brachial plexus. The symptoms of Horners syndrome include: constriction of the pupil, which makes it very small, drooping eyelid, an inability to sweat in the affected area of the face. […] People with BPN can sometimes have partial or complete loss of sensation, and their range of motion can also be permanently limited. Nerve pain can be severe and last for a long time. Working with your doctor will help ensure you get the proper treatment.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Injury – Neurosurgery | UCLA Health
    https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/neurosurgery/conditions-treated/brachial-plexus-injury
    Symptoms of injury to the nerves of the brachial plexus vary depending upon which nerves are affected. Diagnosis depends on the symptoms. […] The condition is caused by prolonged pulling on the arm at birth (Erb-Duchenne paralysis) or falls on the shoulder. Paralysis in the deltoid, supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles causes weak shoulder, while paralysis in the biceps and brachoradialis prevents movement of the elbow. […] The condition causes paralysis of the following muscles: deltoid (shoulder), triceps (straightens the elbow), extensor carpi radialis and ulnaris (straightens wrist), and extensor digitorum (straightens fingers). The injury prevents patients from straightening the affected arm, forearm and hand. […] Caused by forced outstretch of the shoulder and arm at birth (Klumpke’s paralysis) or trauma, the condition causes paralysis of certain hand muscles. Symptoms include a claw hand, sensory loss in the lower trunk, and Horner’s syndrome. Symptoms of the syndrome include drooping eyelid, contracted pupils, absence of sweating and receding eyeball. […] The condition results in a completely paralyzed arm with no sensation. […] Most injuries cause maximum symptoms at the time of the injury. Vascular injury can cause worsening of symptoms and needs to be addressed quickly to prevent ongoing deterioration.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Assessment and Common Injuries
    https://patient.info/doctor/brachial-plexus-assessment-and-common-injuries
    Klumpke’s palsy – Horner’s syndrome is present, ie meiosis, ptosis, anhydrosis. […] Nerve damage causes a multifaceted clinical picture consisting of sensorimotor disturbances (pain, muscle atrophy, muscle weakness, secondary deformities). Brachial plexus injury may result in severe and chronic impairments for both adults and children. Therefore early treatment and extensive rehabilitation are required. […] Progressive contractures. […] Deafferentation pain; this occurs when the nerve roots are avulsed in preganglionic lesions. […] Bony deformities. […] Scoliosis. […] Posterior shoulder dislocation. […] Agnosia of the affected limb.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Injury: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments
    https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/brachial-plexus-injuries
    Symptoms of a brachial plexus injury can vary from person to person, depending on the severity and location of the injury. […] Most often, brachial plexus injuries affect only one arm. […] It can cause symptoms like: The feeling of an electric shock or burning sensation shooting down your arm. Numbness and weakness in your arm. […] Traumatic brachial plexus injury symptoms include: Weakness or inability to use muscles in your hand, arm, or shoulder. Lack of movement or feeling in the arm, including the shoulder and hand. Severe pain. […] Brachial plexus injuries can cause permanent weakness or disability. […] Even if your injury appears to be minor, see a doctor right away if you have: Recurring burners and stingers. Weakness in your hand or arm. Weakness in any part of the arm after an injury. Paralysis of the upper arm or shoulder. Neck pain. Any of the above symptoms in both arms. […] Treatment for brachial plexus injuries received within six months after the initial injury have high success rates.
  • #1 Diagnosing Brachial Plexus Injuries | NYU Langone Health
    https://nyulangone.org/conditions/brachial-plexus-injuries/diagnosis
    A brachial plexus injury affects the network of nerves that extends from the base of the neck through the shoulders and arms, causing symptoms such as pain, numbness, and loss of movement. […] If the injury is causing debilitating pain, loss of movement, or paralysis, seek immediate care at an emergency department. […] To diagnose a brachial plexus injury, your doctor asks about your symptoms and performs a thorough physical examination of your neck, shoulders, arms, and hands. […] Detailed images of the brachial plexus can help your doctor identify the cause of your symptoms. […] A nerve conduction study is used after three months to measure your recovery and determine a baseline for additional testing.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Injury | Brain Institute | OHSU
    https://www.ohsu.edu/brain-institute/brachial-plexus-injury
    The OHSU Nerve Center offers the highest level of expertise for brachial plexus injuries. Specialty care can be crucial for these complex nerve injuries. Getting a timely diagnosis and the right treatment is vital to avoiding permanent loss of function in your shoulder, arm and/or hand. […] Symptoms vary widely based on the injury’s severity, but they include: Weakness or numbness, Loss of sensation the shoulder, arm and/or hand, Paralysis in the shoulder, arm and/or hand, Pain. […] If you need brachial plexus surgery, it may be effective only if it’s done within three to six months after your injury. The chances of success decline after that, and they may vanish altogether after about a year. […] Muscles are also more likely to regain function when nerve signals are restored within several months. After that, the muscles fibers may no longer be able to communicate with nerves, even if nerve signals are restored.
  • #1 Newborn Brachial Plexus Injuries (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth
    https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/brachial-plexus.html
    Brachial plexus injuries affect the nerve network that provides feeling and muscle control in the shoulder, arm, forearm, hand, and fingers. […] Signs of a brachial plexus injury usually include: full or partial lack of movement, especially in the shoulder and elbow; a weakened grip; numbness; an odd position (the arm may bend toward the body or hang limp). […] Most babies with a brachial plexus injury regain both movement and feeling in the affected arm. In mild cases, this might happen without treatment. […] After surgery, it may take 8 months or longer for new nerve function to show. Improvements in strength, range of motion, and control may continue for up to 18 months or more after surgery.
  • #1 Brachial Plexus Surgery > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine
    https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/brachial-plexus-surgery
    Nerves grow back slowly. While you may be able to start passively moving your arm or hand again after a few weeks, it may take three to six months before you notice a flicker of active motion. Some nerves take years to heal. […] Function begins to improve once the nerves are transplanted and have an opportunity to grow into the muscle, according to Dr. Thomson. He says nerve transfer surgeries can provide the patient with reasonable function the majority of the time.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Injury: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Types
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22822-brachial-plexus-injury
    A brachial plexus injury involves sudden damage to the network of nerves that branch off from your spinal cord in your neck and extend down into your shoulder, arm and hand. Symptoms include muscle weakness, pain and diminished sensation. […] A brachial plexus injury involves sudden damage to these nerves, which may cause pain, weakness, loss of feeling, or loss of movement in your shoulder, arm and/or hand. […] Symptoms of a brachial plexus injury vary depending on the type of injury and which nerve(s) are affected. You may also experience other symptoms at the same time if you have other injuries. […] The most common symptoms of a brachial plexus injury in children and adults include: A limp arm. Paralysis in your arm or hand. Diminished muscle control in your arm, hand or wrist. A lack of feeling or sensation (numbness) in your arm or hand. Pain in your arm, hand or wrist.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Injury: Signs, Causes & Treatment | Resurgens Orthopaedics
    https://www.resurgens.com/shoulder/conditions/brachial-plexus-injury
    Brachial plexus injury symptoms may feel like an electric shock or lightning bolt down the arm. It is common to feel a burning sensation in the upper back and shoulder blades. […] The most common brachial plexus injury symptoms are sudden, acute pain radiating from your neck down through your shoulder and arm. You may feel it in your hand and your fingers. If this pain burns, it is called a „burner.” If it stings, it is called a „stinger.” […] You may also feel a dull ache, and your arm may feel numb or weak. These sensations typically last seconds to minutes, but in rare cases, the pain can last much longer.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Injury | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center
    https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/brachial-plexus-injury/
    Brachial plexus injuries affect the peripheral nerves that carry movement and sensory signals between the spinal cord and the shoulder, arm, and hand. These injuries can cause pain, weakness, numbness, or even paralysis in the affected arm and hand. […] Symptoms of a brachial plexus injury can vary greatly, depending on the severity and location of the injury. These symptoms include: A feeling like an electric shock shooting down the arm, Burning, stinging, or severe and sudden pain in the shoulder or arm which can be temporary or chronic, Inability to control or move the shoulder, arm, wrist, or hand, Numbness or loss of feeling in the hand or arm, Weakness or inability to use certain muscles in the hand, arm, or shoulder. […] Some brachial plexus injuries can cause permanent weakness or disability if left untreated. Even if your symptoms seem minor, see your doctor if you have: Recurrent burners and stingers, Weakness in your hand or arm, Neck pain, Symptoms in both arms.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Injuries: Care and Treatment | Ausmed
    https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/brachial-plexus-injuries
    Often, a brachial plexus injury will occur when the nerves are stretched, compressed or torn. Signs and symptoms of brachial plexus injuries are mostly dependent on two factors: the severity of the injury and the location of the injury. […] The symptoms experienced from these less severe injuries may last from a few seconds or minutes to a few days. People will often complain of a burning sensation or electric shock feeling down their arm and may also experience numbness and weakness in the affected arm. […] A total avulsion brachial plexus injury when the brachial plexus roots are ripped away from the spinal cord. The individual may be left with a paralysed arm, a significant loss of function and sensation or severe pain. […] Congenital brachial palsy may present in babies as weakness of shoulder elevation and external rotation, absent biceps, absent internal rotation of the shoulder, absent elbow extension, triceps weakness, decreased wrist extension and thumb weakness.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Injury: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Types
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22822-brachial-plexus-injury
    Symptoms of a brachial plexus injury in newborns include: No movement in your newborns upper or lower arm or hand. Absent Moro reflex (startle response) on the affected side. They hold their arm against their body with their arm extended (straight) at their elbow. Decreased grip on the affected side. […] Nerves heal very slowly. Because of this, recovery from a brachial plexus injury takes time. You may not experience results or improvement for several months. […] Most people who have stretch injuries (neuropraxia) recover without surgery with a 90% to 100% return of nerve function.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus: Traumatic Nerve Injuries – Hughston Clinic
    https://hughston.com/wellness/brachial-plexus-traumatic-nerve-injuries-2/
    The brachial plexus are nerves that conduct signals to the shoulder, elbow, and hand muscles and provide feeling in the arm. If these nerves become injured you can lose function, sensation, and experience pain. Some injuries to the brachial plexus are minor and brief, while others are severe and can cause permanent disability. […] For most brachial plexus injuries, only one side is usually affected and depending on the severity and location, the signs and symptoms vary. For example, the minor damage caused by a burner or stinger can produce an electric shock or burning sensation shooting down the arm and numbness and weakness in the limb. The symptoms can last a few seconds or they can last for days. Traumatic brachial plexus injuries can present with partial or complete motor and sensory paralysis of the arm, shooting pains in the affected arm, and an inability to use all or selected muscles on the affected side. These injuries can be transient and slowly resolve over time or can persist for longer periods leading to permanent damage. If you experience a serious injury, such as an avulsion, you may become unable to use certain muscles in your shoulder, arm, or hand. You may experience severe pain or lose feeling and the ability to move the limb. Acute injuries to the brachial plexus often warrant close follow-up with a medical professional. […] You should seek medical advice and treatment if a brachial plexus injury is suspected, especially when symptoms persist without improvement. Additionally, you should see a doctor if you have recurrent burners and stingers, weakness in your hand or arm, or experience neck pain.
  • #2 Brachial plexus injury – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachial_plexus_injury
    Signs and symptoms may include a limp or paralyzed arm, lack of muscle control in the arm, hand, or wrist, and lack of feeling or sensation in the arm or hand. […] The most severe form of injury is nerve root avulsion, which usually accompanies high-velocity impacts that commonly occur during motor-vehicle collisions or bicycle accidents. […] The cardinal signs of brachial plexus injury then, are weakness in the arm, diminished reflexes, and corresponding sensory deficits. […] In some cases, these injuries can cause total and irreversible paralysis. […] The ability to bend the elbow (biceps function) by the third month of life is considered an indicator of probable recovery, with additional upward movement of the wrist, as well as straightening of thumb and fingers an even stronger indicator of excellent spontaneous improvement.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Injuries
    https://austinregionalclinic.staywellsolutionsonline.com/library/testsprocedures/Gastroenterology/134,34
    Brachial plexus injuries cut off all or part of the communication between the spinal cord and the arm, wrist, and hand. This may mean that you can’t move or feel parts of your arm or hand. […] Symptoms depend on where along the length of the brachial plexus the injuries happen and how severe they are. […] These are common symptoms of brachial plexus injuries: No feeling in the hand or arm, Pain in the arm or hand, Inability to control or move the arm, wrist, or hand, An arm that hangs limply. […] The severity of a brachial plexus injury varies. In some people, function and feeling returns to normal. Others may have lifelong disability because they can’t use or feel a part of the arm. […] For severe brachial plexus injuries, surgery may be needed right away to try to get function back. Without it, you might have a lasting disability and be unable to use your arm or hand.
  • #2 Brachial plexus injury – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350241
    To diagnose your condition, your healthcare professional checks your symptoms and does a physical exam. […] Serious brachial plexus injuries can cause extreme pain. The pain has been described as a debilitating, severe, crushing feeling or a constant burning. This pain goes away within three years for most people. […] Nerves that have only been stretched may heal on their own. […] Surgery is often the best option for serious nerve injuries. In the past, surgery was sometimes delayed to see if the nerves would heal on their own. However, new research shows that delaying surgery by more than 2 to 6 months could make the repair less successful. […] Nerve tissue grows slowly, so it can take many years before you see the final results of surgery. During recovery, you can do exercises to keep your joints flexible. Splints may be used to keep the hand from curling inward.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Injury | Symptoms Treatment & Causes | IFAR
    https://www.advancedreconstruction.com/distinguished-centers/brachial-plexus
    Damaged nerves can manifest in a number of different sensations and effects to the connected area of the body. Nerve pain is often described as a sharp, burning sensation. The worse the damage to the nerve is, the further the pain can radiate to adjacent areas of the body. Nerve damage can also create a weakness to the impacted area and subsequent body parts to which the nerve controls sensory and movement communication. In severe cases this can lead to a loss of mobility to fingers, hands, or the entire arm (paralysis). […] Watch for these signs of nerve damage and reach out to a medical professional if the pain becomes debilitating or you start to notice a weakening or loss of functioning in the hands, wrist or arms: Lessened or lost dexterity of the hand or individual fingers, Numbness or loss of sensation in the arm or hand, Loss of use of part or all of the arm, wrist, or hand, A jolting, shock sensation immediately after a fall or blunt force to the shoulder or neck, Persistent or worsening burning sensation that radiates from any part of the shoulder or arm, The arm is hanging limp, A burning pain that radiates from the shoulder, arm, or wrist.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Injury McMinnville – Pinnacle Orthopaedics
    https://www.pinnacleorthopaedic.com/conditions/brachial_plexus_injury/
    A brachial plexus injury affects the nerves responsible for communication between the spine and the arms, shoulders, and hand. Such an injury occurs when the nerves in this location are stretched or torn. This usually results when the shoulder is forced down and the neck stretches up as may happen when the arm is forced above the head. A brachial plexus injury commonly occurs during contact sports or a vehicular accident, but may also result from other traumatic injury, a difficult birth or a tumor. Usually only one arm is affected. Rarely, brachial plexus injury occurs because of inflammation unaccompanied by shoulder injury, a condition known as Parsonage-Turner syndrome or brachial plexitis. […] Depending on the severity of the brachial plexus injury, the symptoms may vary a great deal in intensity and duration. Patients with mild brachial plexus injuries have usually endured stretched nerves. These patients typically experience weakness, numbness, or a burning sensation in the arm that only lasts a short time, from several minutes to several days. If the nerves are torn or ruptured during the injury, however, much more severe symptoms occur and persist. These symptoms may include: Intense pain, Inability to use the fingers, Inability to use the arm, Complete lack of sensation in shoulder, arm and hand. […] The most serious brachial plexus injury is an avulsion, which occurs when the nerve root is disconnected from the spinal cord.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Neuropathy: Causes, Risk Factors, and Symptoms
    https://www.healthline.com/health/brachial-plexopathy
    BPN can cause numbness in your shoulder, arm, and hand. Severe cases can cause a complete loss of sensation. This numbness can cause additional complications related to recurring injury to the affected areas. You wont notice these complications if you have an inability to detect pain in those areas. […] Sometimes BPN can cause abnormal sensations such as tingling and burning on or near nerves related to the brachial plexus. These types of sensations generally occur in your arm and hand. […] A decreased ability to lift your wrist or extend it backward is a common way for BPN to manifest. Weakness in your hands may also indicate you have BPN. […] Horner syndrome is rare, but it can indicate BPN. Horners syndrome is caused by an interruption in the nerve signals that control parts of the face. Its usually caused by an injury to the nerves of the brachial plexus. The symptoms of Horners syndrome include: constriction of the pupil, which makes it very small, drooping eyelid, an inability to sweat in the affected area of the face. […] People with BPN can sometimes have partial or complete loss of sensation, and their range of motion can also be permanently limited. Nerve pain can be severe and last for a long time. Working with your doctor will help ensure you get the proper treatment.
  • #2 Brachial plexus injury – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachial_plexus_injury
    Most closed infra-clavicular injuries due to shoulder dislocation are managed non-operatively initially and data shows that most fail to recover sensory function but recover some motor function. […] For milder injuries involving buildup of scar tissue and for neurapraxia, the potential for improvement varies, but there is a fair prognosis for spontaneous recovery, with a 90-100% return of function.
  • #2 FAQs About Brachial Plexus Injuries: What You Need to Know – Southern California Brain & Spine Surgery
    https://socalbrainspine.com/blog/faqs-about-brachial-plexus-injuries-what-you-need-to-know/
    Brachial plexus injuries can occur due to various factors, including: […] Symptoms vary widely depending on the severity and location of the injury. Common symptoms include: […] Weakness or Numbness: Affected individuals may experience weakness in the shoulder, arm, or hand. […] Loss of Sensation: There may be numbness or a lack of feeling in parts of the arm or hand. […] Pain: Patients often report burning or shooting pain in the shoulder or arm. […] Loss of Movement: In severe cases, individuals may be unable to move their arm or hand at all. […] Recovery from a brachial plexus injury can be a lengthy process: […] Timeframe: Nerves regenerate slowly at approximately 1 mm per day. Therefore, significant recovery may take months or even years. […] Untreated brachial plexus injuries can lead to chronic pain and permanent disability. While some mild injuries may heal independently, seeking timely medical intervention is crucial for optimal outcomes.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Injury | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
    https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/brachial-plexus
    Patterns of muscle weakness or paralysis of the involved upper extremity depending on which nerves of the brachial plexus are involved. […] Decreased sensation (feeling) in the involved upper extremity. […] Pain. […] A mixed or incomplete recovery may occur if the nerves do not fully reattach at their original motor and sensory targets. […] Full recovery will occur only if sensory fibers reach their sensory end targets and motor fibers reach their muscle targets. […] The ability to bend the elbow (biceps function) by the one to three months of life is an indicator of probable recovery. […] Limitations may include incomplete range of motion with one or more movements, weak muscles, or decreased sensation (feeling) through the arm. […] A brachial plexus injury is a lifelong condition. Management often focuses on preventing or minimizing deficits and maximizing the child’s capabilities at home and in the community.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Injuries | MedlinePlus
    https://medlineplus.gov/brachialplexusinjuries.html
    The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that sends signals from the spine to the shoulder, arm, and hand. Damage to the brachial plexus can cause symptoms such as: A limp or paralyzed arm […] Lack of muscle control in the arm, hand, or wrist […] Lack of feeling or sensation in the arm or hand. Brachial plexus injuries can happen because of shoulder trauma, tumors, or inflammation. Sometimes they happen during childbirth when a baby’s shoulders become stuck during delivery and the nerves stretch or tear. Some brachial plexus injuries may heal without treatment. Many children who are injured during birth improve or recover by 3 to 4 months of age.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Injury: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment – Dr. Noah Volz, DC
    https://drnoahvolz.com/brachial-plexus-injury-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment/
    The sooner you start treatment for a brachial plexus injury, the better your chances of a full recovery. If you’re experiencing arm pain, numbness, or weakness, don’t wait to get it checked out. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent long-term problems and get you back to your normal activities faster.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Injuries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482305/
    Distinguishing between preganglionic and postganglionic BPI has substantial implications for treatment and prognosis. The chance of spontaneous recovery after preganglionic injury is low and therefore requires early surgical intervention. […] Obtaining a thorough history in a patient with possible BPI is necessary to identify the injury mechanism, associated fractures, and other concomitant trauma to the neck, shoulder, and chest cage. […] A detailed neurologic examination is warranted to ascertain the location of the lesion. […] The surgical timing for the treatment of BPI remains a topic of controversy. Urgent surgical exploration of the plexus is indicated if a root avulsion or laceration injury to the plexus is suspected or in cases of open injury, retained foreign body, or vascular injury requiring vessel repair. […] Most patients do have residual neurological deficits and the quality of life is poor.
  • #2 Brachial plexus injury – Hancock Health
    https://www.hancockhealth.org/mayo-health-library/brachial-plexus-injury/
    Symptoms of a brachial plexus injury can differ depending on how serious the injury is and where its located. Usually only one arm is affected. […] Symptoms of serious injuries can include: Weakness or not being able to use certain muscles in the hand, arm or shoulder. Loss of feeling in the arm, including the shoulder and hand. Intense pain. […] Brachial plexus injuries can cause lasting weakness or disability. Even if yours seems minor, you may need medical care. […] Many mild brachial plexus injuries heal over time with few to no issues. But some injuries can cause short-term or lasting problems, such as: Stiff joints. If you have hand or arm paralysis, the joints can get stiff. This can make it hard to move, even if you are able to use your hand or arm again. […] Permanent disability. How well you recover from a serious brachial plexus injury depends on many things, such as your age and the type, location and seriousness of the injury. Even with surgery, some people have muscle weakness or paralysis that lasts for the rest of their lives. […] Serious brachial plexus injuries can cause extreme pain. The pain has been described as a debilitating, severe, crushing feeling or a constant burning. This pain goes away within three years for most people.
  • #2 The Long-Term Damage Caused by Brachial Plexus Injuries – Eichen Crutchlow Zaslow LLP
    https://www.njadvocates.com/2023/04/24/the-long-term-damage-caused-by-brachial-plexus-injuries/
    There are many causes of a brachial plexus injury including birth trauma, car accidents, sports accidents, falls, medical malpractice during surgeries, and even radiation therapy. Many victims of this injury go on to experience long term effects such as weakness, loss of motion, numbness, tingling, chronic pain, shoulder blade deformity and even paralysis. Severe brachial plexus injuries are usually a result of traumatic birth injuries or high impact injuries such as those suffered in bad automobile accidents, and can cause long term conditions such as paralysis, numbness, deformity and chronic pain. Brachial plexus can be treated without complication or lingering symptoms, but in some cases, victims of this injury are left with life-long conditions that significantly affect their daily lives. Permanent conditions and symptoms of brachial plexus injuries includes: Weakness and Paralysis. Brachial plexus injuries can severely damage nerves leading to loss of function. Pain and Paresthesia. Nerve damage may result in pain that may never fully go away. It can also cause tingling and “electric shock” sensations. With any sort of nerve damage, permanent numbness can be a long term condition. Muscle Atrophy. When the nerves are injured, they can take several years to heal. Stiff Joints. Even if the injury fully heals, stiffness may remain in the joints. Serious brachial plexus injury can cause disfigurement, including arm length discrepancy, uneven shoulders and shoulder blade (scapular) winging. Permanent disability. Depending on many factors, including the type of brachial plexus injury, one’s age, and how severe the injury was, the rate and quality of recovery may vary. […] All of these conditions can affect the child long term and are caused by a traumatic birth or birth injury. It is caused when the infant’s head and brachial plexus are stretched too far upon leaving the birth canal.
  • #2 Brachial plexus injury in newborns: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock
    https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001395.htm
    Symptoms can be seen right away or soon after birth. They may include: […] No movement in the newborn’s upper or lower arm or hand […] Absent Moro reflex on the affected side […] Arm extended (straight) at elbow and held against body […] Decreased grip on the affected side (depending on the site of injury). […] Most babies will fully recover within 3 to 4 months. Those who do not recover during this time have a poor outlook for full recovery. In these cases, there may have been a separation of the nerve root from the spinal cord (avulsion). […] Complications include: […] Permanent, partial, or total loss of function of the affected nerves, causing paralysis of the arm or arm weakness.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus | Texas Children’s
    https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/conditions/brachial-plexus
    The brachial plexus is a group of nerves that run from the lower neck through the shoulder and upper arm area. These nerves control movement and sensation in the shoulder, arm, forearm and hand. […] Brachial plexus injury occurs when the nerves around the neck and shoulder area are harmed. This damage can make it impossible to move or feel the shoulder, arm, forearm or hand. […] Symptoms of an injury during childbirth can be seen immediately or soon after birth, and may include: Newborn is not moving the shoulder, arm, forearm, or hand. The baby shows no signs of the Moro reflex: this is when the baby arches its back, extends the arms and legs and cries when exposed to loud noise or sudden movement. Arm bent at elbow and held against body. Decreased grip on the affected side. […] Symptoms in children and adolescents may include: A limp or paralyzed arm. Lack of muscle control in the arm, hand or wrist. Lack of feeling or sensation in the arm or hand.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Injury | Children’s Hospital Colorado
    https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/
    Babies and children with a brachial plexus injury may have: […] Limited or no motion of the fingers, wrist, elbow or shoulder […] Arm bent at the elbow and held against the body […] Tightness […] Decrease in feeling in the shoulder, arm or hand. […] Every child born with a brachial plexus injury is different. Some injuries are mild and some are severe. As your child gets older, their shoulder, arm and hand may look and move differently from a typical child if the injury is not treated correctly. Some of these differences are more noticeable than others. The arm may be shorter and smaller and may not move as well as the arm that was not injured.
  • #2 What is Brachial Plexus Injury? | Barrow Neurological InstituteSecond Opinion IconSecond Opinion IconSpine Surgery
    https://www.barrowneuro.org/condition/brachial-plexus-injury/
    Symptoms of a brachial plexus injury may include: Numbness, weakness, or paralysis of an arm […] Burning or shock-like pain down an arm […] Weakness in the hand, arm, or shoulder muscles. […] These symptoms are shared with other conditions, so their presence alone does not mean you have a brachial plexus injury. Contact a medical professional if you are experiencing any symptoms.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Surgery > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine
    https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/brachial-plexus-surgery
    Symptoms include loss of sensation, weakness or paralysis or pain in arm or hand. […] Though its possible to injure your brachial plexus without even knowing you did so, the consequences can include temporary numbness to your arm, pain, loss of sensation or even paralysis. […] A brachial plexus injury usually affects only one side of the body. The severity of injury can depend on a number of factors, including the force of the injury and how many nerves are injured. Since nerves have different functions, which ones are injured also matters. […] In general, symptoms may include: Loss of sensation, A change in your ability to move one of your shoulders, arms or hands, Weakness or paralysis in the arm or hand, Pain in the neck, arm or hand, A feeling like an electric shock going down one arm.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Injury | UNCH
    https://unch.nl/en/nerve-disorders/brachial-plexus-injury
    Brachial Plexus Injury is a rare but severe nerve injury. An injury can occur at different levels of this plexus and this will affect the symptoms that you have. The most common brachial plexus injury is from traction, or stretching. Symptoms may include: […] Pain (burning, crushing or like electric shocks) in hand/arm/shoulder […] Weakness in shoulder/arm/hand […] Loss of sensation or change of feeling in arm/hand. You may find your symptoms are worse in cold weather or when you are stressed or worried.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Assessment and Common Injuries
    https://patient.info/doctor/brachial-plexus-assessment-and-common-injuries
    Klumpke’s palsy – Horner’s syndrome is present, ie meiosis, ptosis, anhydrosis. […] Nerve damage causes a multifaceted clinical picture consisting of sensorimotor disturbances (pain, muscle atrophy, muscle weakness, secondary deformities). Brachial plexus injury may result in severe and chronic impairments for both adults and children. Therefore early treatment and extensive rehabilitation are required. […] Progressive contractures. […] Deafferentation pain; this occurs when the nerve roots are avulsed in preganglionic lesions. […] Bony deformities. […] Scoliosis. […] Posterior shoulder dislocation. […] Agnosia of the affected limb.
  • #2 Brachial plexus injury: Clinical case, anatomy, symptoms | Kenhub
    https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/upper-and-lower-brachial-plexus-injury
    The classic presentation, known as Klumpke-Dejerine palsy, is the claw hand. […] In the case of the patient presented here, he did not show all the signs of either complete upper or lower brachial injury because not all of the spinal nerve roots were affected by the injury (C7 and possibly C6 were spared).
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Assessment and Common Injuries
    https://patient.info/doctor/brachial-plexus-assessment-and-common-injuries
    Severe brachial plexus injuries cause dramatic consequences on the motor and sensory functions of the upper limb. […] Milder injuries of the brachial plexus can occur, with transient symptoms and with a full recovery. […] Symptoms are often associated with: Broken clavicle. […] Swelling around the shoulder. […] Neck and shoulder pain. […] Paraesthesiae and weakness in the arm. […] Horner’s syndrome, which indicates complete lesion in the lower plexus, ie C5-C7. […] Many cases are temporary, with full function recovering within one week. However, permanent injury is not uncommon. […] Erb’s palsy (C5-C6 injury) – the arm is characteristically held adducted and internally rotated with the forearm pronated, hand and wrist flexed (’waiter’s tip’ position). The infant is unable to move the arm or shoulder.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Injury: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments
    https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/brachial-plexus-injuries
    Symptoms of a brachial plexus injury can vary from person to person, depending on the severity and location of the injury. […] Most often, brachial plexus injuries affect only one arm. […] It can cause symptoms like: The feeling of an electric shock or burning sensation shooting down your arm. Numbness and weakness in your arm. […] Traumatic brachial plexus injury symptoms include: Weakness or inability to use muscles in your hand, arm, or shoulder. Lack of movement or feeling in the arm, including the shoulder and hand. Severe pain. […] Brachial plexus injuries can cause permanent weakness or disability. […] Even if your injury appears to be minor, see a doctor right away if you have: Recurring burners and stingers. Weakness in your hand or arm. Weakness in any part of the arm after an injury. Paralysis of the upper arm or shoulder. Neck pain. Any of the above symptoms in both arms. […] Treatment for brachial plexus injuries received within six months after the initial injury have high success rates.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Injuries – Symptoms, Causes, Prevention | Shoulder Pain Treatment
    https://bangaloreshoulderinstitute.com/brachial-plexus-injuries/
    Brachial plexus injury may lead to permanent weakness or disability. Even if it may appear minor, consult your doctor if you have: 1. Persistent stingers or burners. 2. Prolonged arm or hand weakness. 3. Neck pain. 4. Symptoms in both arms. […] The symptoms vary depending on the severity of the injury. Less severe injury occurs when there is minor damage that occurs during contact sports when the brachial plexus nerves get stretched or compressed. The symptoms seen are a feeling like an electric shock or a burning sensation shooting down the affected arm, or there may be numbness and weakness in the arm. These symptoms usually last only a few seconds or minutes, but in some people, the symptoms may linger for days or longer. In case of more severe injury, the symptoms result from injuries that seriously injure or even tear or rupture the nerves. The most serious brachial plexus injury occurs when the nerve root is torn from the spinal cord. Symptoms seen are: Weakness or inability to use certain muscles in the hand, arm, or shoulder. There can be a complete lack of movement and feeling in the arm, including the shoulder and hand. There can be severe pain. […] If such cases are left untreated, it can lead to severe chronic pain, muscle atrophy, numbness, and even permanent disability.
  • #2 Brachial Plexus Surgery > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine
    https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/brachial-plexus-surgery
    Even if your symptoms seem minor, its important to talk to your doctor. If you wait too long and find you need surgery, the delay could make a difference in your recovery. […] Severe injuries to the brachial plexus may require surgery, as they wont heal on their own. If surgery is required, it should occur within six months of your injury. The longer you go without a nerve stimulating a particular muscle, the less chance there is that the muscle will ever function normally again. […] Recovery from this type of surgery depends on the severity of injuryif many nerves are injured, fewer nerves will be available to harvest and transplant and the outcome may not be perfect. We usually cant get the patient completely back to normal, but we would like to get some reasonable function of the hand, the elbow and shoulder.
  • #3
    https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury
    Brachial plexus injury Last Updated on July 25, 2024 Overview The brachial plexus is the group of nerves that sends signals from the spinal cord to the shoulder, arm and hand. A brachial plexus injury happens when these nerves are stretched, squeezed together, or in the most serious cases, ripped apart or torn away from the spinal cord. […] Symptoms of a brachial plexus injury can differ depending on how serious the injury is and where it’s located. Usually only one arm is affected. […] Minor damage often happens during contact sports, such as football or wrestling, when the brachial plexus nerves get stretched or squeezed together. These are called stingers or burners. Some of the symptoms are: A feeling like an electric shock or a burning sensation shooting down the arm. Numbness and weakness in the arm. These symptoms usually last only a few seconds or minutes, but in some people the symptoms may last for days or longer.

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