Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Testicular Torsion: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2036003-overview

  Testicular torsion is defined as a twisting of the spermatic cord structures, followed by venous congestion, loss of arterial inflow, and subsequent ischemia of the ipsilateral testis. This is considered a urologic emergency; it necessitates expeditious diagnosis and treatment to preserve testicular vitality. The testicular salvage rate decreases significantly if treatment is delayed by more than six hours from symptom onset. […] Prompt surgical treatment is crucial to preventing ischemic injury to the testis and possible testicular loss. Manual detorsion may be attempted during the initial examination, but even if manual detorsion is successful, surgical exploration and testicular fixation should be performed prior to the patient being discharged from the hospital. […] Testicular torsion remains a frequent cause for malpractice litigation. Most cases being litigated had an atypical presentation; the most common misdiagnosis was epididymitis, and most patients were noted to be older.

• #2 Testicular torsion – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_torsion

  Testicular torsion occurs when the spermatic cord (from which the testicle is suspended) twists, cutting off the blood supply to the testicle. The most common symptom in children is sudden, severe testicular pain. The testicle may be higher than usual in the scrotum and vomiting may occur. In newborns, pain is often absent and instead the scrotum may become discolored or the testicle may disappear from its usual place. […] Treatment is by physically untwisting the testicle, if possible, followed by surgery. Pain can be treated with opioids. Outcome depends on time to correction. If successfully treated within six hours of onset, it is often good. However, if delayed for 12 or more hours the testicle is typically not salvageable. About 40% of people require removal of the testicle. […] Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency that requires immediate intervention to restore the flow of blood to the testicle. If treated either manually or surgically within six hours, there is a high chance (approximately 90%) of saving the testicle. At 12 hours the rate decreases to 50%; at 24 hours it drops to 10%, and after 24 hours the ability to save the testicle approaches 0, although salvage of the testicle has been reported beyond 24 hours. About 40% of cases result in loss of the testicle.

• #3 03.03 Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Testicular Torsion | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/03-03-nursing-care-and-pathophysiology-for-testicular-torsion

  Testicular torsion is when the spermatic cord is twisted and leads to loss of blood supply to the following testicle and if untreated, can lead to loss of the affected testicle. […] This results in vascular engorgement, ischemia, and scrotal swelling. […] Good prognosis with early detection and prompt treatment. […] Without treatment, leads to infarction of testis due to lack of blood supply. […] The assessment findings in these patients is pretty straightforward. So they will present with excruciating pain in the affected testis or iliac fossa. […] After surgery, we need to make sure we focus on pain control, make sure they can void, and use ice to help with edema. […] We will be teaching our patients about the importance of prompt intervention to restore circulation to the testis as soon as possible.

• #4 Testicular torsion – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/506

  Testicular torsion is a urologic emergency. […] A high index of suspicion is important to ensure timely diagnosis and management. […] A history and physical exam consistent with testicular torsion mandates an immediate surgical consult for scrotal exploration, without delay for additional diagnostic tests. […] Usually affects young males but may affect males of any age.

• #5 Testicular Torsion: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2036003-overview

  The likelihood that a torsed testis will remain viable is inversely related to the time elapsed between symptom onset and detorsion. A published series including 1140 patients found the risk of undergoing orchiectomy to be 5%, 20%, 40%, 16%, and 90% at 0-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-24, longer than 24, and longer than 48 hours after symptom onset, respectively. […] Several risk factors are associated with needing orchiectomy rather than orchiopexy. In one retrospective review of data collected from the Pediatric Health Information System database, risk factors for undergoing orchiectomy included age 1 to 9 years, Black race, and lack of private insurance.

• #6 Nursing Care Plan For Testicular Tortion – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-testicular-tortion/

  Testicular torsion is a urological emergency characterized by the twisting of the spermatic cord, leading to compromised blood flow to the testicle. This condition requires urgent intervention to prevent irreversible damage to the testicular tissue. A nursing care plan for testicular torsion is essential to guide healthcare professionals in the timely assessment, intervention, and ongoing care of individuals presenting with this critical condition. […] The care plan focuses on prompt recognition of testicular torsion symptoms, immediate intervention to restore blood flow, and comprehensive nursing management to address the physical and emotional needs of the patient. Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial to preserving testicular function and minimizing long-term complications. […] The nursing assessment for testicular torsion is focused on recognizing key clinical indicators to guide immediate intervention. Rapid communication with the healthcare team and prompt diagnostic confirmation are essential in providing timely and effective care for individuals at risk of testicular torsion.

• #7 Nursing Care Plan for Testicular Torsion | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-testicular-torsion

  Upon completion of this nursing care plan for Testicular Torsion, nursing students will be able to: […] Provide comprehensive understanding and effective nursing management for patients with testicular torsion, focusing on rapid response, pain management, and post-operative care. […] This plan emphasizes the urgency of the condition and the critical role of nursing care in both preoperative and post-operative settings. […] Prompt recognition and response to symptoms of testicular torsion. […] Successful restoration of blood flow to the affected testicle, ideally within 6 hours of symptom onset. […] Effective pain management. […] Prevention of complications, such as testicular loss or fertility issues. […] Patient and family education about recognizing signs and symptoms of testicular torsion.

• #8 Practice makes perfect: testicular torsion: nurses working in emergency care often have to manage patients with undifferentiated and previously undiagnosed conditions. This month, Emergency Nurse continues to look at how emergency nurses across the UK hav

  https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA178082796&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=13545752&p=AONE&sw=w

  Testicular torsion is a urological and surgical emergency that emergency nurse practitioners (ENPs) can diagnose when assessing patients with testicular pain. It should be the first diagnosis considered when males of any age present to emergency departments (EDs) with a history of sudden onset of unilateral testicular pain (Ma and Cline 2004). […] Recognition of this condition by either triage nurses or ENPs can help in the immediate management of patients and improve long-term prognosis. Emergency departments can also establish direct referral pathways for this condition so that, once it is recognised, patients can be dealt with speedily. […] Patients who present with torsion have had sudden onset of unilateral testicular pain, nausea and vomiting, and there may be testicular swelling, as well as erythema and oedema to the scrotum. The skin of the scrotum is taut and without its usual rugae, the cremasteric reflex (Box 1) can be absent, and Prehn’s sign (Box 2) is negative (Eaton et al 2005, Miller 1999).

• #9 Acute Scrotum Pain (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568680/

  Nursing Management […] – Pain relief […] – Antibiotics for acute epididymitis […] – Keep patient NPO if testicular torsion […] – IV fluids if patient going for surgery […] – Wound check […] – Urine output […] – Manage anxiety […] […] […] The definitive treatment of testicular torsion is surgical exploration and detorsion, usually followed by orchiopexy to prevent recurrent torsion. Manual detorsion can and often should be attempted at the bedside although its success rate is widely variable and has been reported to range from 25% to 80%. […] […] […] Suspected testicular torsion is a time-dependent surgical emergency and consultation should be not delayed. […] […] […] The prognosis of acute scrotal pain depends on the cause. In patients with epididymitis, pain improves within several days of treatment, but the induration may last weeks or months. […] […] […] For patients with a diagnosis of testicular torsion, the diagnosis depends on early diagnosis and treatment. If the treatment is delayed by 12-24 hours, the risk of losing testis and infertility is high.

• #10 Practice makes perfect: testicular torsion: nurses working in emergency care often have to manage patients with undifferentiated and previously undiagnosed conditions. This month, Emergency Nurse continues to look at how emergency nurses across the UK hav

  https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA178082796&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=13545752&p=AONE&sw=w

  Testicular torsion is a urological and surgical emergency that emergency nurse practitioners (ENPs) can diagnose when assessing patients with testicular pain. It should be the first diagnosis considered when males of any age present to emergency departments (EDs) with a history of sudden onset of unilateral testicular pain (Ma and Cline 2004). […] Recognition of this condition by either triage nurses or ENPs can help in the immediate management of patients and improve long-term prognosis. Emergency departments can also establish direct referral pathways for this condition so that, once it is recognised, patients can be dealt with speedily. […] Patients who present with torsion have had sudden onset of unilateral testicular pain, nausea and vomiting, and there may be testicular swelling, as well as erythema and oedema to the scrotum. The skin of the scrotum is taut and without its usual rugae, the cremasteric reflex (Box 1) can be absent, and Prehn’s sign (Box 2) is negative (Eaton et al 2005, Miller 1999).

• #11 Testicular torsion – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_torsion

  Testicular torsion occurs when the spermatic cord (from which the testicle is suspended) twists, cutting off the blood supply to the testicle. The most common symptom in children is sudden, severe testicular pain. The testicle may be higher than usual in the scrotum and vomiting may occur. In newborns, pain is often absent and instead the scrotum may become discolored or the testicle may disappear from its usual place. […] Treatment is by physically untwisting the testicle, if possible, followed by surgery. Pain can be treated with opioids. Outcome depends on time to correction. If successfully treated within six hours of onset, it is often good. However, if delayed for 12 or more hours the testicle is typically not salvageable. About 40% of people require removal of the testicle. […] Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency that requires immediate intervention to restore the flow of blood to the testicle. If treated either manually or surgically within six hours, there is a high chance (approximately 90%) of saving the testicle. At 12 hours the rate decreases to 50%; at 24 hours it drops to 10%, and after 24 hours the ability to save the testicle approaches 0, although salvage of the testicle has been reported beyond 24 hours. About 40% of cases result in loss of the testicle.

• #12 Testicular Torsion: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2036003-overview

  Testicular torsion is defined as a twisting of the spermatic cord structures, followed by venous congestion, loss of arterial inflow, and subsequent ischemia of the ipsilateral testis. This is considered a urologic emergency; it necessitates expeditious diagnosis and treatment to preserve testicular vitality. The testicular salvage rate decreases significantly if treatment is delayed by more than six hours from symptom onset. […] Prompt surgical treatment is crucial to preventing ischemic injury to the testis and possible testicular loss. Manual detorsion may be attempted during the initial examination, but even if manual detorsion is successful, surgical exploration and testicular fixation should be performed prior to the patient being discharged from the hospital. […] Testicular torsion remains a frequent cause for malpractice litigation. Most cases being litigated had an atypical presentation; the most common misdiagnosis was epididymitis, and most patients were noted to be older.

• #13 Testicular Torsion | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/t/testicular-torsion

  Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency. The only treatment for testicular torsion is surgery. During the surgery, the surgeon untwists the spermatic cord to return blood flow to the testicle. They stitch the testicle in place to prevent any twisting in the future. […] Newborns with scrotal swelling should see their pediatrician or come to the Emergency Department. […] Older children or adults who develop testicular pain not caused by recent injury should go to the Emergency Department right away. […] In the Emergency Department, an ultrasound is usually ordered to help see if any blood is flowing to the testicle. If there is no blood flow found, the Urology team will recommend surgery to untwist and secure the testicle. […] Following surgery, care instructions would include: Resume a normal diet. Wear supportive undergarments to minimize discomfort. Keep the wound clean. It is OK to shower or sponge bathe the area, but avoid soaking the wound (tub bath or swimming) for five days. Apply antibiotic ointment to the wound (Neosporin, Polysporin), three to four times a day for one week. To control pain: Children less than 3 years old alternate Tylenol and Motrin/Ibuprofen every four hours for two days and then continue as needed. Children older than 3 years old may be given a prescription for a narcotic pain medicine. Restrict activity for one week, which includes sports, riding toys or bicycles, and contact activities.

• #14 Testicular torsion – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-torsion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378274

  Your doctor will ask you questions to verify whether your signs and symptoms are caused by testicular torsion or something else. […] Doctors often diagnose testicular torsion with a physical exam of the scrotum, testicles, abdomen and groin. […] If you’ve had pain for several hours and your physical exam suggests testicular torsion, you might be taken directly to surgery without any additional testing. Delaying surgery might result in loss of the testicle. […] Surgery is required to correct testicular torsion. […] The sooner the testicle is untwisted, the greater the chance it can be saved. After six hours from the start of pain, the chances of needing testicle removal are greatly increased. If treatment is delayed more than 12 hours from the start of pain, there is at least a 75 percent chance of needing testicle removal.

• #15 Testicular Torsion: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/1215/p835.html

  Testicular torsion is a twisting of the spermatic cord and its contents and is a surgical emergency affecting 3.8 per 100,000 males younger than 18 years annually. […] Prompt recognition and treatment are necessary for testicular salvage, and torsion must be excluded in all patients who present with acute scrotum. […] Immediate surgical exploration is indicated and should not be postponed to perform imaging studies. […] Delay in treatment may be associated with decreased fertility, or may necessitate orchiectomy. […] A good working knowledge of testicular and scrotal anatomy and development is important when assessing a patient who presents with a scrotal condition, because time from presentation to treatment is crucial in preserving organ function. […] Prompt restoration of blood flow to the ischemic testicle is critical in cases of testicular torsion, and prompt referral to a urologist is recommended.

• #16 Nursing Care Plan for Testicular Torsion | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-testicular-torsion

  Emergency Response: Promptly prepare the patient for potential surgical intervention. […] Rationale: Immediate surgery is often required to save the testicle. […] Pain Management: Administer prescribed analgesics and provide non-pharmacological pain relief methods. […] Rationale: To reduce severe pain and anxiety associated with testicular torsion. […] Pre-Operative Care: Provide education about the surgical procedure and what to expect. […] Rationale: To reduce anxiety and ensure informed consent. […] Post-Operative Care: Monitor for signs of infection, assess wound healing, and manage pain. […] Rationale: To promote recovery and prevent complications. […] Patient Education: Educate the patient and family about the importance of recognizing symptoms and seeking immediate care for future episodes.

• #17 Nursing Care Plan For Testicular Tortion – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-testicular-tortion/

  Nursing diagnoses for testicular torsion guide the development of a comprehensive care plan, addressing the physical, emotional, and psychosocial aspects of the patients experience. Individualized care, ongoing assessment, and collaboration with the healthcare team contribute to optimizing outcomes for individuals diagnosed with testicular torsion. […] Nursing interventions for testicular torsion are focused on swift recognition, immediate intervention, and comprehensive care to optimize outcomes for the patient. Through a combination of physical care, emotional support, and education, healthcare providers play a crucial role in addressing the urgent nature of testicular torsion and supporting individuals through the diagnosis and treatment process. […] In conclusion, the nursing care plan for testicular torsion is designed to address the urgent and delicate nature of this medical emergency. Through a multidisciplinary approach involving prompt assessment, timely intervention, and effective communication, healthcare professionals can significantly impact the outcomes for patients experiencing testicular torsion.

• #18 Acute Scrotum Pain (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568680/

  Nursing Management […] – Pain relief […] – Antibiotics for acute epididymitis […] – Keep patient NPO if testicular torsion […] – IV fluids if patient going for surgery […] – Wound check […] – Urine output […] – Manage anxiety […] […] […] The definitive treatment of testicular torsion is surgical exploration and detorsion, usually followed by orchiopexy to prevent recurrent torsion. Manual detorsion can and often should be attempted at the bedside although its success rate is widely variable and has been reported to range from 25% to 80%. […] […] […] Suspected testicular torsion is a time-dependent surgical emergency and consultation should be not delayed. […] […] […] The prognosis of acute scrotal pain depends on the cause. In patients with epididymitis, pain improves within several days of treatment, but the induration may last weeks or months. […] […] […] For patients with a diagnosis of testicular torsion, the diagnosis depends on early diagnosis and treatment. If the treatment is delayed by 12-24 hours, the risk of losing testis and infertility is high.

• #19 Non-Traumatic Scrotal/Testicular Pain Clinical Pathway — Emergency Department | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/clinical-pathway/scrotal-testicular-pain-non-traumatic-clinical-pathway

  PEM Attending Examines Child […] For High Probability Testicular Torsion: […] Notify Urology of Child with High Probability of Testicular Torsion […] Order US Scrotum Hi Prob with Doppler […] Keep child NPO […] Pain control.

• #20 Testicular Torsion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448199/

  Testicular torsion is a true urologic emergency, and early identification is critical to prevent the need for testicular amputation. […] This activity will highlight the role of the interprofessional team in recognizing and treating testicular torsion. […] Testicular torsion is a time-dependent diagnosis, a true urologic emergency, and early evaluation can assist in urologic intervention to prevent testicular loss. […] Surgery is the only treatment. […] The typical window of opportunity for surgical intervention and testicular salvage is 6 hours from the onset of pain. […] Therefore, early urologic surgery consultation upon presentation may be critical even in the absence of confirmatory testing. […] The nurse should ensure that the patient is administered no food or drink by mouth and have the patient prepared to go for urgent surgery.

• #21 Nursing Care Plan for Testicular Torsion | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-testicular-torsion

  Emergency Response: Promptly prepare the patient for potential surgical intervention. […] Rationale: Immediate surgery is often required to save the testicle. […] Pain Management: Administer prescribed analgesics and provide non-pharmacological pain relief methods. […] Rationale: To reduce severe pain and anxiety associated with testicular torsion. […] Pre-Operative Care: Provide education about the surgical procedure and what to expect. […] Rationale: To reduce anxiety and ensure informed consent. […] Post-Operative Care: Monitor for signs of infection, assess wound healing, and manage pain. […] Rationale: To promote recovery and prevent complications. […] Patient Education: Educate the patient and family about the importance of recognizing symptoms and seeking immediate care for future episodes.

• #22 Testicular Torsion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448199/

  More importantly, the nurse should avoid giving any pain medications until the patient has been seen by the urologist- or the pain medication will mask the symptoms and delay the diagnosis. […] Only through a systemic approach to diagnosis and treatment, is the salvage of the testis possible. […] The outcomes of testicular torsion depend on when the patient presents to the ED and how quickly the diagnosis is made and treatment is undertaken. […] Delays in diagnosis and treatment always lead to testicular atrophy. […] About 20% to 40% of cases of testicular torsion result in an orchiectomy. […] The risk of losing a testis is much higher among African Americans and younger males. […] For those who present within the first 6 hours of symptoms, the salvage rate is nearly 100%, but this number quickly drops to less than 50% if the delay in seeking help is more than 12 to 24 hours. […] Early urology involvement is crucial to avoid testicular loss.

• #23 Testicular Torsion: Important information for young people and parents – Mid and South Essex Integrated Care System

  https://www.midandsouthessex.ics.nhs.uk/news/testicular-torsion-important-information-for-young-people-and-parents/

  As a doctor, I’ve seen firsthand how delayed treatment of testicular torsion can lead to preventable surgeries and loss of testicles in young males. This condition requires immediate medical attention, but too often, embarrassment or lack of awareness leads to dangerous delays in seeking help. […] If you (or your son) experience sudden, severe pain in the testicle area – don’t wait, don’t hesitate. Go straight to A&E or call 999. Quick action could prevent lifelong consequences. […] Testicular torsion is a medical emergency. The longer the blood supply is cut off, the greater the risk of permanent damage: […] Go to A&E immediately – don’t wait to see if it gets better. If possible please go straight to Broomfield or Southend Hospital A&E department. […] Don’t give pain relief before seeing a doctor, as this might mask symptoms.

• #24 Testicular Torsion Medication: Analgesics, Antiemetics, Antianxiety Agents

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2036003-medication

  Analgesic and antianxiety medications are valuable adjuncts in the treatment of testicular torsion. Pain control is essential to quality patient care. It ensures patient comfort, promotes pulmonary toilet, and enables physical therapy regimens. Antiemetics can be used to counter the nausea and vomiting that may accompany testicular torsion. […] Anti-inflammatory agents as adjunctive therapy for testicular torsion have been studied in the rat model. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (eg, sildenafil) and statins have been shown to decrease inflammatory markers and to increase blood flow to the testicles. These adjuncts are still in the research stage and are not clinically available for this use. […] A number of other approaches (particularly, antioxidants) have been proposed or tried in animal models, with varying reports of efficacy, as a means of reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury after testicular torsion. Those have included the following: Morphine, Propofol, Melatonin, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Erythropoietin, Calcium channel blockers, Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (eg, bosentan), Phytotherapeutics (eg, Gingko biloba extract).

• #25 Nursing Care Plan for Testicular Torsion | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-testicular-torsion

  Emergency Response: Promptly prepare the patient for potential surgical intervention. […] Rationale: Immediate surgery is often required to save the testicle. […] Pain Management: Administer prescribed analgesics and provide non-pharmacological pain relief methods. […] Rationale: To reduce severe pain and anxiety associated with testicular torsion. […] Pre-Operative Care: Provide education about the surgical procedure and what to expect. […] Rationale: To reduce anxiety and ensure informed consent. […] Post-Operative Care: Monitor for signs of infection, assess wound healing, and manage pain. […] Rationale: To promote recovery and prevent complications. […] Patient Education: Educate the patient and family about the importance of recognizing symptoms and seeking immediate care for future episodes.

• #26 Testicular Torsion: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/1215/p835.html

  There is typically a four- to eight-hour window before significant ischemic damage occurs, manifested by morphologic changes in testicular histopathology and deleterious effects on spermatogenesis. […] Manual detorsion should be attempted if surgery is not an immediate option or while preparations for surgical exploration are being made, but should not supersede or delay surgical intervention. […] Preoperatively, patients should be counseled on the potential need for orchiectomy as part of the surgical informed consent. […] Orchiectomy is performed if the affected testicle appears grossly necrotic or nonviable. […] Orchidopexy should be performed regardless of the viability of the affected testicle.

• #27 Nursing Care Plan for Testicular Torsion | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-testicular-torsion

  Rationale: Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent testicular loss. […] Monitor effectiveness of pain management strategies. […] Evaluate for timely surgical intervention and post-operative recovery. […] Assess patient and family understanding of the condition and its implications. […] Monitor for complications such as infection or loss of testicular function.

• #28 Testicular torsion surgery – Overview | Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.guysandstthomas.nhs.uk/health-information/testicular-torsion-surgery

  If you have sudden, severe testicle pain, it could be caused by testicular torsion. This is an emergency and needs treatment urgently. Not getting urgent treatment might lead to testicle damage or loss of the testicle. […] The doctor will talk to you about the surgery, and any possible risks. You will then be asked to sign a consent form. Please make sure that you have discussed any concerns and asked any questions you have. […] Your blood pressure, pulse and the wound will be checked regularly by the nursing team. […] You can get out of bed a few hours after your surgery, please ask the nursing staff if you need help with this. […] Make sure that you are clear about what the doctor explains to you. If you are in any doubt, ask the doctor or nurse caring for you to explain further.

• #29 03.03 Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Testicular Torsion | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/03-03-nursing-care-and-pathophysiology-for-testicular-torsion

  Testicular torsion is when the spermatic cord is twisted and leads to loss of blood supply to the following testicle and if untreated, can lead to loss of the affected testicle. […] This results in vascular engorgement, ischemia, and scrotal swelling. […] Good prognosis with early detection and prompt treatment. […] Without treatment, leads to infarction of testis due to lack of blood supply. […] The assessment findings in these patients is pretty straightforward. So they will present with excruciating pain in the affected testis or iliac fossa. […] After surgery, we need to make sure we focus on pain control, make sure they can void, and use ice to help with edema. […] We will be teaching our patients about the importance of prompt intervention to restore circulation to the testis as soon as possible.

• #30 Testicular Torsion | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/t/testicular-torsion

  Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency. The only treatment for testicular torsion is surgery. During the surgery, the surgeon untwists the spermatic cord to return blood flow to the testicle. They stitch the testicle in place to prevent any twisting in the future. […] Newborns with scrotal swelling should see their pediatrician or come to the Emergency Department. […] Older children or adults who develop testicular pain not caused by recent injury should go to the Emergency Department right away. […] In the Emergency Department, an ultrasound is usually ordered to help see if any blood is flowing to the testicle. If there is no blood flow found, the Urology team will recommend surgery to untwist and secure the testicle. […] Following surgery, care instructions would include: Resume a normal diet. Wear supportive undergarments to minimize discomfort. Keep the wound clean. It is OK to shower or sponge bathe the area, but avoid soaking the wound (tub bath or swimming) for five days. Apply antibiotic ointment to the wound (Neosporin, Polysporin), three to four times a day for one week. To control pain: Children less than 3 years old alternate Tylenol and Motrin/Ibuprofen every four hours for two days and then continue as needed. Children older than 3 years old may be given a prescription for a narcotic pain medicine. Restrict activity for one week, which includes sports, riding toys or bicycles, and contact activities.

• #31 Testicular torsion surgery – Overview | Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.guysandstthomas.nhs.uk/health-information/testicular-torsion-surgery

  You might feel sleepy (drowsy) for 1 to 2 days as the anaesthetic wears off. You should rest and not make any important decisions, sign any legal documents or operate machinery for at least 24 hours after your operation. […] You might be given a scrotal support (jockstrap). Try to wear this, or tight briefs or cycling shorts, for the week after surgery to support the area and reduce the risk of bruising after surgery.

• #32 Testicular Torsion (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/torsion.html

  Testicular torsion almost always requires surgery to correct. In rare cases, the doctor might be able to untwist the spermatic cord by pushing on the scrotum, but most guys will still need surgery to attach both testicles to the scrotum to prevent torsion from happening again. […] Usually, surgery for a testicular torsion doesn’t require a stay in the hospital. […] Guys need to skip strenuous activities (like sports) and sex or sexual stimulation (like masturbation) for a few weeks after testicular torsion surgery. Talk to your doctor about when it will be safe to go back to your normal activities.

• #33 Nursing Care Plan for Testicular Torsion | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-testicular-torsion

  Upon completion of this nursing care plan for Testicular Torsion, nursing students will be able to: […] Provide comprehensive understanding and effective nursing management for patients with testicular torsion, focusing on rapid response, pain management, and post-operative care. […] This plan emphasizes the urgency of the condition and the critical role of nursing care in both preoperative and post-operative settings. […] Prompt recognition and response to symptoms of testicular torsion. […] Successful restoration of blood flow to the affected testicle, ideally within 6 hours of symptom onset. […] Effective pain management. […] Prevention of complications, such as testicular loss or fertility issues. […] Patient and family education about recognizing signs and symptoms of testicular torsion.

• #34 Nursing Care Plan For Testicular Tortion – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-testicular-tortion/

  Nursing diagnoses for testicular torsion guide the development of a comprehensive care plan, addressing the physical, emotional, and psychosocial aspects of the patients experience. Individualized care, ongoing assessment, and collaboration with the healthcare team contribute to optimizing outcomes for individuals diagnosed with testicular torsion. […] Nursing interventions for testicular torsion are focused on swift recognition, immediate intervention, and comprehensive care to optimize outcomes for the patient. Through a combination of physical care, emotional support, and education, healthcare providers play a crucial role in addressing the urgent nature of testicular torsion and supporting individuals through the diagnosis and treatment process. […] In conclusion, the nursing care plan for testicular torsion is designed to address the urgent and delicate nature of this medical emergency. Through a multidisciplinary approach involving prompt assessment, timely intervention, and effective communication, healthcare professionals can significantly impact the outcomes for patients experiencing testicular torsion.

• #35 Understanding Testicular Torsion

  https://lakecountyin.gov/departments/health/nursing-clinic/diseases-and-conditions/reproductive/understanding-testicular-torsion

  Providing information about the condition, treatment options, and preventive measures can help alleviate concerns and improve understanding. […] Testicular torsion is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention to prevent long-term damage and preserve testicular function. Understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options is crucial for effective management. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of testicular torsion, seek emergency medical care to address the condition promptly and improve outcomes. Early intervention and appropriate care can help ensure the best possible recovery and preserve overall well-being.

• #36 Testicular Torsion (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/torsion.html

  After surgery, your son will need to avoid strenuous activities for a few weeks, and if he’s sexually active, he’ll need to avoid all sexual activity. Talk to the doctor about when it will be safe for your son to return to his normal activities. […] Boys need to know that genital pain is serious. Ignoring pain or simply hoping it goes away can lead to severe damage to the testicle and even its removal. […] Even if pain in the scrotum that goes away, your son still needs to tell you or a doctor and get checked out. A torsion that goes away makes him more likely to have another one. Doctors can greatly reduce the risk of another torsion by securing the testicles to the scrotum.

• #37 Testicular torsion – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-torsion/symptoms-causes/syc-20378270

  Testicular torsion usually requires emergency surgery. If treated quickly, the testicle can usually be saved. But when blood flow has been cut off for too long, a testicle might become so badly damaged that it has to be removed. […] Seek emergency care for sudden or severe testicle pain. Prompt treatment can prevent severe damage or loss of your testicle if you have testicular torsion. […] You also need to seek prompt medical help if you’ve had sudden testicle pain that goes away without treatment. This can occur when a testicle twists and then untwists on its own (intermittent torsion and detorsion). Surgery is frequently needed to prevent the problem from happening again. […] Testicular torsion occurs when the testicle rotates on the spermatic cord, which brings blood to the testicle from the abdomen. If the testicle rotates several times, blood flow to it can be entirely blocked, causing damage more quickly.

• #38 Testicular Torsion | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/1115/p1739.html

  Each year, testicular torsion affects one in 4,000 males younger than 25 years. Early diagnosis and definitive management are the keys to avoid testicular loss. All prepubertal and young adult males with acute scrotal pain should be considered to have testicular torsion until proven otherwise. […] Diagnosis of testicular torsion is based on the finding of decreased or absent blood flow on the ipsilateral side. Treatment involves rapid restoration of blood flow to the affected testis. The optimal time frame is less than six hours after the onset of symptoms. […] Manual detorsion provides quick and noninvasive treatment. Return of blood flow should be documented, and subsequent elective orchiopexy is recommended. […] Once the diagnosis of testicular torsion is confirmed, the rapid restoration of blood flow to the testis is critical. Manual detorsion can provide quick and noninvasive treatment.

• #39 Testicular Torsion | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/1115/p1739.html

  Attempts at manual detorsion should not delay surgical consultation. Only surgical exploration can provide a definitive resolution if torsion is present, and, as noted above, any patient with a history and physical examination results suspicious for torsion should have surgery immediately. […] The most significant complication of testicular torsion is loss of the testis, which may lead to impaired fertility. Common causes of testicular loss after torsion are delay in seeking medical attention, incorrect initial diagnosis, and delay in treatment at the referral hospital.

• #40 Acute Scrotum Pain (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568680/

  Nursing Management […] – Pain relief […] – Antibiotics for acute epididymitis […] – Keep patient NPO if testicular torsion […] – IV fluids if patient going for surgery […] – Wound check […] – Urine output […] – Manage anxiety […] […] […] The definitive treatment of testicular torsion is surgical exploration and detorsion, usually followed by orchiopexy to prevent recurrent torsion. Manual detorsion can and often should be attempted at the bedside although its success rate is widely variable and has been reported to range from 25% to 80%. […] […] […] Suspected testicular torsion is a time-dependent surgical emergency and consultation should be not delayed. […] […] […] The prognosis of acute scrotal pain depends on the cause. In patients with epididymitis, pain improves within several days of treatment, but the induration may last weeks or months. […] […] […] For patients with a diagnosis of testicular torsion, the diagnosis depends on early diagnosis and treatment. If the treatment is delayed by 12-24 hours, the risk of losing testis and infertility is high.

• #41 Testicular torsion – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_torsion

  With prompt diagnosis and treatment, the testicle can often be saved. Typically, when a torsion takes place, the surface of the testicle has rotated towards the midline of the body. Non-surgical correction can sometimes be accomplished by manually rotating the testicle in the opposite direction (i.e., outward, towards the thigh); if this is initially unsuccessful, a forced manual rotation in the other direction may correct the problem. […] When salvage of the testicle is accomplished, long-term testicular damage is common. Testicular size is often diminished, and injury to the unaffected testicle is common. The effect of a torsion event on long-term fertility is not fully understood.

• #42

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10396-023-01374-z

  Testicular torsion is a urological emergency caused by the loss of testicular tissue due to ischemic damage. Rapid diagnosis and urgent treatment play a crucial role in the management of testicular torsion. Manual detorsion can be performed at the bedside, thereby reducing the duration of ischemia. […] The following findings are considered indications for manual detorsion: direction of testicular torsion, i.e., inner or outer direction (ultrasonographic accuracy of 70%), and the degree of spermatic cord twist. […] The success of manual detorsion is determined based on the symptoms and sonographic findings. Subsequent surgical exploration is recommended in all cases, regardless of the success of manual detorsion. […] Manual detorsion is performed by pediatric surgeons or urologists after diagnosing testicular torsion using ultrasonography. The affected testis is rotated outward (medial to lateral) or inward (lateral to medial) during the procedure based on the ultrasonographic direction of testicular rotation and the symptoms observed in each case.

• #43 Testicular Torsion – Diagnosis and Treatment : Emergency Care BC

  https://emergencycarebc.ca/clinical_resource/clinical-summary/testicular-torsion-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Testicular torsion occurs when the spermatic cord, which provides blood flow to the testicle, becomes twisted and leading to potential ischemia and venous obstruction. […] Considered a surgical urologic emergency and requires prompt treatment to prevent permanent damage to the testicle, and after eight hours of ischemia it is believed the testis can suffer irreversible damage including infertility in the future, even with one normal testis. […] Surgical consultation with urology should not be delayed, but manual detorsion can be attempted in the emergency department, as restoration of blood flow is critical. […] If the testis is successfully manually detorsed, surgical fixation to prevent future occurrences is recommended. […] Urgent surgical intervention to detorse and fixate the testis is warranted in any case of testicular torsion, so urological referral should be made for any suspected case.

• #44 Testicular torsion – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-torsion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378274

  Your doctor will ask you questions to verify whether your signs and symptoms are caused by testicular torsion or something else. […] Doctors often diagnose testicular torsion with a physical exam of the scrotum, testicles, abdomen and groin. […] If you’ve had pain for several hours and your physical exam suggests testicular torsion, you might be taken directly to surgery without any additional testing. Delaying surgery might result in loss of the testicle. […] Surgery is required to correct testicular torsion. […] The sooner the testicle is untwisted, the greater the chance it can be saved. After six hours from the start of pain, the chances of needing testicle removal are greatly increased. If treatment is delayed more than 12 hours from the start of pain, there is at least a 75 percent chance of needing testicle removal.

• #45 Testicular Torsion: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15382-testicular-torsion

  Testicular torsion requires immediate treatment to prevent permanent damage to your testicle. […] Testicular torsion is a very serious medical emergency. If you have sudden, intense pain in one of your testicles, call a healthcare provider or go to an emergency room (ER) right away. […] Testicular torsion requires surgery (orchiopexy). During an orchiopexy, a surgeon will untwist your testicle, which restores blood flow to the area. […] If you dont get surgery within six hours, a surgeon will likely need to remove your affected testicle. […] Testicular torsion needs immediate treatment to prevent permanent damage to your testicle.

• #46 Testicular Torsion | Men’s Health

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/testicular-torsion

  Our pediatric and adult urology teams deliver complete care for testicular torsion. […] Testicular torsion is a medical emergency. It happens when a testicle twists inside your scrotum, cutting off its blood supply. […] That’s why it’s so important to seek medical care to restore blood flow. Physicians can save most testicles when they treat testicular torsion within the first six hours. […] If you experience sudden or intense testicular pain on one side, seek emergency care immediately. Treatment within six hours of your symptoms starting can prevent lasting damage to your testicle. […] Our urologists (urinary tract and male reproductive system specialists) fix testicular torsion with surgery (orchiopexy). […] During testicular torsion surgery, we untwist your testicle to restore blood flow. We then attach your affected testicle to your scrotum to prevent it from twisting again. […] If you delay getting treatment, your urologist may need to surgically remove your affected testicle (orchidectomy).

• #47 Testicular torsion – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-torsion/symptoms-causes/syc-20378270

  Testicular torsion can cause the following complications: Damage to or death of the testicle. When testicular torsion is not treated for several hours, blocked blood flow can cause permanent damage to the testicle. If the testicle is badly damaged, it has to be surgically removed. […] Having testicles that can rotate in the scrotum is a trait inherited by some males. If you have this trait, the only way to prevent testicular torsion is surgery to attach both testicles to the inside of the scrotum.

• #48 Testicular Torsion – Signs – Emergency Management – TeachMeSurgery

  https://teachmesurgery.com/urology/genital-tract/testicular-torsion/

  Despite expedient scrotal exploration, de-torsion, and orchidopexy, the affected testis may later undergo atrophy. […] Testicular salvage rates are 90-100% if surgery performed within 6hrs of onset of pain, and this decreases to 50% if symptoms are present for more than 12 hours. […] Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency. […] Suspected cases warrant urgent surgical exploration. […] Confirmed cases intra-operatively will require bilateral orchidopexy.

• #49 Nursing Care Plan For Testicular Tortion – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-testicular-tortion/

  Nursing diagnoses for testicular torsion guide the development of a comprehensive care plan, addressing the physical, emotional, and psychosocial aspects of the patients experience. Individualized care, ongoing assessment, and collaboration with the healthcare team contribute to optimizing outcomes for individuals diagnosed with testicular torsion. […] Nursing interventions for testicular torsion are focused on swift recognition, immediate intervention, and comprehensive care to optimize outcomes for the patient. Through a combination of physical care, emotional support, and education, healthcare providers play a crucial role in addressing the urgent nature of testicular torsion and supporting individuals through the diagnosis and treatment process. […] In conclusion, the nursing care plan for testicular torsion is designed to address the urgent and delicate nature of this medical emergency. Through a multidisciplinary approach involving prompt assessment, timely intervention, and effective communication, healthcare professionals can significantly impact the outcomes for patients experiencing testicular torsion.

• #50 Testicular Torsion – General Student Support

  https://allnurses.com/testicular-torsion-t348508/

  I’m doing a C-MAP on testicular torsion and am coming up short on nursing diagnosis. […] The main thing that is said is about the pain, so obviously pain will be my number 1 priority, but I still need to come up with 2 more. […] I think you are definitely on track with these nursing diagnoses, particularly Acute Pain and Disturbed Body Image. […] I was thinking risk for infection because of surgery, and activity intolerance due the surgery too. […] Impaired tissue perfusion r/t impaired blood flow to the testicle, maybe risk for injury r/t narcotic pain meds. […] While going through reading my case study again I realized that it says since the pt came in within 6 hrs, his testicle has a good chance of being saved. […] Our teacher said for us to look at the physiological aspects as well as psychosocial, that’s why I keep coming back to the disturbed body image. […] Could I do something like „Risk for Disturbed Body Image r/t possible removal of testicle” […] Even if the testicle can be saved, the patient might still have concerns about his body image, future fertility, even his masculinity due to this issue.

• #51 03.03 Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Testicular Torsion | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/03-03-nursing-care-and-pathophysiology-for-testicular-torsion

  One of the nursing concepts is an alteration in comfort as the patient has excruciating pain with testicular torsion. […] There is alteration in perfusion and tissue and skin integrity as well due to the twisting of the spermatic cord, which impairs blood flow to the associated testis. […] Prompt intervention is critical to restore blood flow and save the testis, whether that is with manual reduction or surgical management. […] Patient education is important so the patient understands that they should seek treatment immediately.

• #52 03.03 Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Testicular Torsion | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/03-03-nursing-care-and-pathophysiology-for-testicular-torsion

  One of the nursing concepts is an alteration in comfort as the patient has excruciating pain with testicular torsion. […] There is alteration in perfusion and tissue and skin integrity as well due to the twisting of the spermatic cord, which impairs blood flow to the associated testis. […] Prompt intervention is critical to restore blood flow and save the testis, whether that is with manual reduction or surgical management. […] Patient education is important so the patient understands that they should seek treatment immediately.

• #53 Testicular Torsion | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/t/testicular-torsion

  Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency. The only treatment for testicular torsion is surgery. During the surgery, the surgeon untwists the spermatic cord to return blood flow to the testicle. They stitch the testicle in place to prevent any twisting in the future. […] Newborns with scrotal swelling should see their pediatrician or come to the Emergency Department. […] Older children or adults who develop testicular pain not caused by recent injury should go to the Emergency Department right away. […] In the Emergency Department, an ultrasound is usually ordered to help see if any blood is flowing to the testicle. If there is no blood flow found, the Urology team will recommend surgery to untwist and secure the testicle. […] Following surgery, care instructions would include: Resume a normal diet. Wear supportive undergarments to minimize discomfort. Keep the wound clean. It is OK to shower or sponge bathe the area, but avoid soaking the wound (tub bath or swimming) for five days. Apply antibiotic ointment to the wound (Neosporin, Polysporin), three to four times a day for one week. To control pain: Children less than 3 years old alternate Tylenol and Motrin/Ibuprofen every four hours for two days and then continue as needed. Children older than 3 years old may be given a prescription for a narcotic pain medicine. Restrict activity for one week, which includes sports, riding toys or bicycles, and contact activities.

• #54 Testicular Torsion – General Student Support

  https://allnurses.com/testicular-torsion-t348508/

  I’m doing a C-MAP on testicular torsion and am coming up short on nursing diagnosis. […] The main thing that is said is about the pain, so obviously pain will be my number 1 priority, but I still need to come up with 2 more. […] I think you are definitely on track with these nursing diagnoses, particularly Acute Pain and Disturbed Body Image. […] I was thinking risk for infection because of surgery, and activity intolerance due the surgery too. […] Impaired tissue perfusion r/t impaired blood flow to the testicle, maybe risk for injury r/t narcotic pain meds. […] While going through reading my case study again I realized that it says since the pt came in within 6 hrs, his testicle has a good chance of being saved. […] Our teacher said for us to look at the physiological aspects as well as psychosocial, that’s why I keep coming back to the disturbed body image. […] Could I do something like „Risk for Disturbed Body Image r/t possible removal of testicle” […] Even if the testicle can be saved, the patient might still have concerns about his body image, future fertility, even his masculinity due to this issue.

• #55 Testicular Torsion – General Student Support

  https://allnurses.com/testicular-torsion-t348508/

  I’m doing a C-MAP on testicular torsion and am coming up short on nursing diagnosis. […] The main thing that is said is about the pain, so obviously pain will be my number 1 priority, but I still need to come up with 2 more. […] I think you are definitely on track with these nursing diagnoses, particularly Acute Pain and Disturbed Body Image. […] I was thinking risk for infection because of surgery, and activity intolerance due the surgery too. […] Impaired tissue perfusion r/t impaired blood flow to the testicle, maybe risk for injury r/t narcotic pain meds. […] While going through reading my case study again I realized that it says since the pt came in within 6 hrs, his testicle has a good chance of being saved. […] Our teacher said for us to look at the physiological aspects as well as psychosocial, that’s why I keep coming back to the disturbed body image. […] Could I do something like „Risk for Disturbed Body Image r/t possible removal of testicle” […] Even if the testicle can be saved, the patient might still have concerns about his body image, future fertility, even his masculinity due to this issue.

• #56 Understanding Testicular Torsion

  https://lakecountyin.gov/departments/health/nursing-clinic/diseases-and-conditions/reproductive/understanding-testicular-torsion

  Providing information about the condition, treatment options, and preventive measures can help alleviate concerns and improve understanding. […] Testicular torsion is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention to prevent long-term damage and preserve testicular function. Understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options is crucial for effective management. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of testicular torsion, seek emergency medical care to address the condition promptly and improve outcomes. Early intervention and appropriate care can help ensure the best possible recovery and preserve overall well-being.

• #57

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abl3307

  Testicular torsion happens when a testicle twists on the spermatic cord. This cuts off the blood supply to the testicle. This is an emergency that often requires immediate surgery. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you do not get better as expected.

• #58 Testicular Torsion | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/t/testicular-torsion

  Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency. The only treatment for testicular torsion is surgery. During the surgery, the surgeon untwists the spermatic cord to return blood flow to the testicle. They stitch the testicle in place to prevent any twisting in the future. […] Newborns with scrotal swelling should see their pediatrician or come to the Emergency Department. […] Older children or adults who develop testicular pain not caused by recent injury should go to the Emergency Department right away. […] In the Emergency Department, an ultrasound is usually ordered to help see if any blood is flowing to the testicle. If there is no blood flow found, the Urology team will recommend surgery to untwist and secure the testicle. […] Following surgery, care instructions would include: Resume a normal diet. Wear supportive undergarments to minimize discomfort. Keep the wound clean. It is OK to shower or sponge bathe the area, but avoid soaking the wound (tub bath or swimming) for five days. Apply antibiotic ointment to the wound (Neosporin, Polysporin), three to four times a day for one week. To control pain: Children less than 3 years old alternate Tylenol and Motrin/Ibuprofen every four hours for two days and then continue as needed. Children older than 3 years old may be given a prescription for a narcotic pain medicine. Restrict activity for one week, which includes sports, riding toys or bicycles, and contact activities.

• #59 Testicular Torsion (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/torsion.html

  Testicular torsion almost always requires surgery to correct. In rare cases, the doctor might be able to untwist the spermatic cord by pushing on the scrotum, but most guys will still need surgery to attach both testicles to the scrotum to prevent torsion from happening again. […] Usually, surgery for a testicular torsion doesn’t require a stay in the hospital. […] Guys need to skip strenuous activities (like sports) and sex or sexual stimulation (like masturbation) for a few weeks after testicular torsion surgery. Talk to your doctor about when it will be safe to go back to your normal activities.

• #60 Testicular Torsion Care | Dayton Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrensdayton.org/testicular-torsion

  Testicular torsion needs immediate surgery to fix. If it goes on too long, it can result in harsh damage to the testicle and even its removal. Testicular torsion is a medical emergency. […] If your son has sudden pain in his private parts, get him to a hospital emergency room as soon as you can. Because surgery might be needed, your son shouldnt eat or drink before seeing a doctor. […] Testicular torsion almost always needs surgery to fix. In rare cases, the doctor might be able to untwist the spermatic cord by pushing on the scrotum, but most of the time surgery will still be needed to attach both testicles to the scrotum to stop torsion from occurring in the future. […] After surgery, your son will need to stay away from exhausting activities for a few weeks, and if he’s sexually active, he’ll need to stay away from all sexual activity. Talk to the doctor about when it will be safe for your son to return to his normal activities. […] Even if your son has pain in his scrotum that goes away, he still needs to tell you or a doctor and get checked out. A torsion that goes away makes him more likely to have another one in the future. Doctors can greatly lessen the risk of another torsion by securing the testicles to the scrotum.

• #61 Testicular Pain: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.testicular-pain-care-instructions.abl3307

  Testicular torsion happens when a testicle twists on the spermatic cord. This cuts off the blood supply to the testicle. This is an emergency that often requires immediate surgery. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have severe or increasing pain. You notice a change in how your testicles look or are positioned in your scrotum. You notice new or worse swelling in your scrotum.

• #62 Managing Testicular Torsion – Symptoms & Treatment | Carle.org

  https://carle.org/conditions/pediatric-conditions/testicular-torsion

  Immediate surgery must be done to prevent permanent damage to or loss of the testicle. […] After surgery, bed rest and wearing scrotal support or a jock strap (for swelling or discomfort) may be needed. […] DO get medical help right away if you have sudden severe pain or swelling in the testicles or if your symptoms come back after surgery. The testicle can twist again. […] DONT ignore a painful testicle, delay getting medical advice, or be embarrassed! This condition is a medical emergency and needs surgery quickly, within several hours, or the testicle may die. The surgeon will take your condition seriously. […] DONT miss follow-up appointments with the urologist (specialist in urinary problems) after surgery.

• #63

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/genitourinary-tract/Pages/Testicular-Torsion.aspx

  After untwisting, the testicle is secured in the proper position. […] If the torsion has caused too much damage, the testicle may need to be removed. […] Most torsions don’t improve on their own. […] Waiting for the testicle to untwist increases the risk of losing a testicle. […] When one side has torsion, the other testicle is at higher risk for torsion. […] Talk to your son about the risks of keeping severe scrotal pain a secret. […] Encourage him to tell you or an adult if they are having sudden, severe scrotal pain. This is the best way to prevent loss of a testicle.

• #64 What parents need to know about testicular torsion – CHOC – Children’s health hub

  https://health.choc.org/what-parents-need-to-know-about-testicular-torsion/

  It’s important that parents talk to children about the importance of letting you know if they have genital pain – even if it may be a bit embarrassing. It’s also important that parents teach children the proper names of body parts so they may clearly communicate where they may have pain. […] Children need to know that genital pain is serious. Ignoring pain or simply hoping it goes away can lead to severe damage to the testicle and even its removal.

• #65 Testicular torsion: Signs, causes and what to do – Children’s Health

  https://www.childrens.com/health-wellness/testicular-torsion-signs-causes-what-to-do

  Testicular torsion is a medical emergency which requires immediate surgery (called an orchiopexy with detorsion) to restore blood flow to the testicles. […] Time is critical, says Dr. Schlomer. Six hours is not much time to get to the hospital, have the necessary diagnostic tests and get into surgery. […] Delayed diagnosis and treatment can lead to testicular loss, which has lasting physical and psychological impacts. […] While testicular torsion cannot be prevented, being aware of this emergency condition can help prevent permanent damage. […] Parents should talk to their sons about any pain they may experience in their belly, groin or genitals. […] Teach your sons that any pain is serious and should not be ignored, says Dr. Schlomer.

• #66 Straightening out the testicular torsion care pathway | Children’s NationalSearchLink to: The brain’s fluid-filled spaces during growthLink to: Breast milk helps white matter in preemiesScroll to top

  https://innovationdistrict.childrensnational.org/straightening-testicular-torsion-care-pathway/

  A new collaborative accelerated care pathway for testicular torsion assessment and treatment may save critical time between diagnosis and intervention. […] To increase the likelihood of successfully salvaging the twisted testicle and spermatic cord, surgical intervention – which involves restoring blood flow to the testis – should ideally occur within six hours from the onset of pain. […] Now, when a patient presents in the emergency department with the symptoms of testicular torsion, there is a straightforward path mapped out for the physician. […] Analysis of the streamlined care pathway, which emphasizes communication that the condition is a true emergency, has improved time from ED to OR within target ranges. […] The hope is that more general knowledge of testicular torsion will allow parents, primary care doctors and emergency department staff to expedite diagnosis when a child complains of scrotal pain or has visible discoloration, further reducing the time from onset of pain to successful intervention.

• #67 Nursing Care Plan for Testicular Torsion | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-testicular-torsion

  Upon completion of this nursing care plan for Testicular Torsion, nursing students will be able to: […] Provide comprehensive understanding and effective nursing management for patients with testicular torsion, focusing on rapid response, pain management, and post-operative care. […] This plan emphasizes the urgency of the condition and the critical role of nursing care in both preoperative and post-operative settings. […] Prompt recognition and response to symptoms of testicular torsion. […] Successful restoration of blood flow to the affected testicle, ideally within 6 hours of symptom onset. […] Effective pain management. […] Prevention of complications, such as testicular loss or fertility issues. […] Patient and family education about recognizing signs and symptoms of testicular torsion.

• #68 Practice makes perfect: testicular torsion: nurses working in emergency care often have to manage patients with undifferentiated and previously undiagnosed conditions. This month, Emergency Nurse continues to look at how emergency nurses across the UK hav

  https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA178082796&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=13545752&p=AONE&sw=w

  Testicular torsion is a urological and surgical emergency that emergency nurse practitioners (ENPs) can diagnose when assessing patients with testicular pain. It should be the first diagnosis considered when males of any age present to emergency departments (EDs) with a history of sudden onset of unilateral testicular pain (Ma and Cline 2004). […] Recognition of this condition by either triage nurses or ENPs can help in the immediate management of patients and improve long-term prognosis. Emergency departments can also establish direct referral pathways for this condition so that, once it is recognised, patients can be dealt with speedily. […] Patients who present with torsion have had sudden onset of unilateral testicular pain, nausea and vomiting, and there may be testicular swelling, as well as erythema and oedema to the scrotum. The skin of the scrotum is taut and without its usual rugae, the cremasteric reflex (Box 1) can be absent, and Prehn’s sign (Box 2) is negative (Eaton et al 2005, Miller 1999).

• #69

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=3850274&Journal_ID=646631&Issue_ID=3849703

  Testicular torsion is a urological emergency affecting 3.8 per 100,000 males younger than 18 years. […] The standard of care for a patient with testicular pain to rule out testicular torsion is a Doppler ultrasound scan and an emergent urology consult. […] Immediate attention to this urological emergency will decrease risks to testicular viability.

• #70 Testicular Torsion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448199/

  Testicular torsion is a true urologic emergency, and early identification is critical to prevent the need for testicular amputation. […] This activity will highlight the role of the interprofessional team in recognizing and treating testicular torsion. […] Testicular torsion is a time-dependent diagnosis, a true urologic emergency, and early evaluation can assist in urologic intervention to prevent testicular loss. […] Surgery is the only treatment. […] The typical window of opportunity for surgical intervention and testicular salvage is 6 hours from the onset of pain. […] Therefore, early urologic surgery consultation upon presentation may be critical even in the absence of confirmatory testing. […] The nurse should ensure that the patient is administered no food or drink by mouth and have the patient prepared to go for urgent surgery.

• #71 Testicular Torsion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448199/

  More importantly, the nurse should avoid giving any pain medications until the patient has been seen by the urologist- or the pain medication will mask the symptoms and delay the diagnosis. […] Only through a systemic approach to diagnosis and treatment, is the salvage of the testis possible. […] The outcomes of testicular torsion depend on when the patient presents to the ED and how quickly the diagnosis is made and treatment is undertaken. […] Delays in diagnosis and treatment always lead to testicular atrophy. […] About 20% to 40% of cases of testicular torsion result in an orchiectomy. […] The risk of losing a testis is much higher among African Americans and younger males. […] For those who present within the first 6 hours of symptoms, the salvage rate is nearly 100%, but this number quickly drops to less than 50% if the delay in seeking help is more than 12 to 24 hours. […] Early urology involvement is crucial to avoid testicular loss.

• #72 Atypical Presentation of Testicular Torsion: Time is of the Essence – Advances in Pediatric Urology | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/advances/article/pediatric-urology/atypical-presentation-of-testicular-torsion-time-is-of-the-essence

  The surgical procedure for ATT is performed through a single incision at the midline of the scrotum. If the testicle has died, unfortunately we have to remove it, says Dr. Carpenter. If the testicle is still viable, we untwist it, allow the blood flow to return. […] For providers, this means that treatment-related parameters including time to initial clinical evaluation in the ED, imaging and diagnosis, and start of surgery all represent modifiable targets with promise to improve rates of testicular salvage. […] Our goal with this study is to help bring awareness of the nontraditional presentations of torsion and to maintain a high level of suspicion so that we can treat these patients quickly and successfully.

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