Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Scoliosis – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/scoliosis/

  Scoliosis can be classified by etiology: idiopathic, congenital or neuromuscular. Idiopathic scoliosis is the diagnosis when all other causes are excluded and comprises about 80 percent of all cases. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of scoliosis and is usually diagnosed during puberty. […] Congenital scoliosis results from embryological malformation of one or more vertebrae and may occur in any location of the spine. The vertebral abnormalities cause curvature and other deformities of the spine because one area of the spinal column lengthens at a slower rate than the rest. […] Neuromuscular scoliosis encompasses scoliosis that is secondary to neurological or muscular diseases. This includes scoliosis associated with cerebral palsy, spinal cord trauma, muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy and spina bifida. This type of scoliosis generally progresses more rapidly than idiopathic scoliosis and often requires surgical treatment.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/scoliosis/

  In around 8 in every 10 cases, the cause of scoliosis is unknown. This is called idiopathic scoliosis. […] Idiopathic scoliosis cannot be prevented and is not thought to be linked to things such as bad posture, exercise or diet. […] Your genes may make you more likely to get it though, as it sometimes runs in families. […] Less commonly, scoliosis may be caused by: the bones in the spine not forming properly in the womb this is called congenital scoliosis and is present from birth […] an underlying nerve or muscle condition, such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy this is called neuromuscular scoliosis […] wear and tear of the spine with age this is called degenerative scoliosis, which affects older adults.

• #3 What Causes Scoliosis?

  https://clear-institute.org/learning-about-scoliosis/what-causes-scoliosis/

  What causes scoliosis? […] Scoliosis has been around for thousands of years, among people of every culture and country. Yet for all the time we have studied scoliosis, its true causes remain elusive. […] Some types of scoliosis have a directly-identifiable cause. Neuromuscular scoliosis, for example, occurs when a disease such as muscular dystrophy or cerebral palsy causes the spine to develop a scoliosis. Congenital scoliosis arises due to a failure of the bones to form properly. Degenerative scoliosis happens in late adulthood due to degeneration of the spinal discs. Traumatic scoliosis can occur as a result of an accident or surgery. All of these types of scoliosis, however, comprise less than 20% of the diagnosed cases. The vast majority of scoliosis cases diagnosed (over 80%) are termed idiopathic.

• #4 What Causes Scoliosis?

  https://clear-institute.org/learning-about-scoliosis/what-causes-scoliosis/

  Idiopathic means, without known cause. It doesn’t mean there is no cause – simply that it is not readily apparent. […] We know that scoliosis is not directly caused by problems with the genes. It is possible for certain genes to predispose an individual to develop scoliosis, but there is no way to tell just by looking at the genes if a person will develop scoliosis or not. Rather, it appears to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors that influences the development of scoliosis. […] Environmental aspects that influence scoliosis appear to be ectomorphic body types (tall and slender), loss of the normal thoracic kyphosis (flatback syndrome), and abnormal loading of the bones (Heuter-Volkmanns Law). […] One interesting new theory suggests that scoliosis is caused by a sensorimotor re-integration disorder (improper communication between the brain and the muscles responsible for posture, balance, and coordination).

• #5 Scoliosis Causes: What Causes Scoliosis? [ANSWERED]

  https://www.scoliosisreductioncenter.com/blog/scoliosis-causes

  There are different types of scoliosis that can develop, with each type having either an unknown or known cause. […] The mystery behind the etiology of the conditions most common form, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is part of the reason scoliosis is often considered a mysterious condition. […] Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis accounts for 80 percent of known diagnosed cases, with no known single cause. […] An important distinction to understand is that just because a single source hasn’t been clearly identified, that doesn’t mean AIS couldn’t have multiple causes. […] In fact, AIS is generally considered to be multifactorial, meaning its onset could be attributed to multiple variables, or how certain variables interact, and these factors can differ from person to person. […] The causes for congenital scoliosis are clearly attributed to two main types of abnormal spinal development.

• #6 Scoliosis: Causes and Treatments

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/2/2/18

  Scoliosis is classified by its etiology: idiopathic, congenital, or neuromuscular. Among these, the former is the most common. […] Although the exact cause is often unknown, scoliosis is generally classified depending on its etiology: idiopathic, congenital, or neuromuscular. […] Idiopathic scoliosis can further be subdivided according to the age of onset as infantile (age 0–3), juvenile (age 4–9), or adolescent (age 10 up to skeletal maturity). […] Congenital scoliosis is due to embryological malformation; thus children are typically diagnosed at a very early age. […] Neuromuscular scoliosis is associated with secondary factors such as spinal cord trauma, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, or muscular dystrophy and can occur later in life. […] There is controversy regarding the causes of scoliosis, whether it is solely genetic or has specific contributing factors, such as exercising and the environment.

• #7 Scoliosis: Causes and Treatments

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/2/2/18

  Scoliosis is classified by its etiology: idiopathic, congenital, or neuromuscular. Among these, the former is the most common. […] Although the exact cause is often unknown, scoliosis is generally classified depending on its etiology: idiopathic, congenital, or neuromuscular. […] Idiopathic scoliosis can further be subdivided according to the age of onset as infantile (age 0–3), juvenile (age 4–9), or adolescent (age 10 up to skeletal maturity). […] Congenital scoliosis is due to embryological malformation; thus children are typically diagnosed at a very early age. […] Neuromuscular scoliosis is associated with secondary factors such as spinal cord trauma, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, or muscular dystrophy and can occur later in life. […] There is controversy regarding the causes of scoliosis, whether it is solely genetic or has specific contributing factors, such as exercising and the environment.

• #8 Scoliosis: Review of diagnosis and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2532872/

  Scoliosis is a spinal deformity consisting of lateral curvature and rotation of the vertebrae. The causes of scoliosis vary and are classified broadly as congenital, neuromuscular, syndrome-related, idiopathic and spinal curvature due to secondary reasons. […] The majority of scoliosis cases encountered by the general practitioner will be idiopathic. […] Congenital scoliosis is due to a vertebral abnormality causing the mechanical deviation of the normal spinal alignment. Scoliosis can be due to neurological conditions (eg, cerebral palsy or paralysis), muscular abnormalities (eg, Duchenne muscular dystrophy) or other syndromes (eg, Marfan syndrome and neurofibromatosis). […] The natural history relates to the etiology and age at presentation, and usually dictates the treatment. […] The risk of curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis and hence its treatment and prognosis is based on remaining spinal growth.

• #9 Scoliosis Symptoms, Test & Treatment | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/scoliosis

  Scoliosis is a sideways curve of the spine. […] In most people, the cause of scoliosis is unknown. […] For most children and teens, the cause of scoliosis is idiopathic. This means researchers and doctors do not know the cause. However, they think that a combination of factors plays a role in the development of the disease. […] In most cases, the cause of scoliosis is idiopathic (unknown). Researchers continue to study possible causes for idiopathic scoliosis and think that a combination of several factors may lead to the disorder. These include: Genes, Hormones, Changes in cell structure. […] For some children, scoliosis happens when another disease or disorder, or trauma causes the curving spine. These include: Congenital factors, which happen during the development of the spine when the baby is in the womb, leading to a curve in the spine. Genetic diseases, which happen when changes occur in one or more genes. Injury to the spine, usually from trauma to the spine or back. Neuromuscular diseases, which affect the nerves that send messages to muscles, leading to muscle weakness and loss. Tumor, which can cause physical changes to the spine.

• #10 Scoliosis Causes: What Causes Scoliosis? [ANSWERED]

  https://www.scoliosisreductioncenter.com/blog/scoliosis-causes

  There are different types of scoliosis that can develop, with each type having either an unknown or known cause. […] The mystery behind the etiology of the conditions most common form, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is part of the reason scoliosis is often considered a mysterious condition. […] Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis accounts for 80 percent of known diagnosed cases, with no known single cause. […] An important distinction to understand is that just because a single source hasn’t been clearly identified, that doesn’t mean AIS couldn’t have multiple causes. […] In fact, AIS is generally considered to be multifactorial, meaning its onset could be attributed to multiple variables, or how certain variables interact, and these factors can differ from person to person. […] The causes for congenital scoliosis are clearly attributed to two main types of abnormal spinal development.

• #11 Scoliosis: Review of diagnosis and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2532872/

  There is a genetic component to this condition with siblings (seven times more frequently) and children (three times) of patients with scoliosis having a higher incidence. […] Idiopathic scoliosis is, in some ways, a diagnosis of exclusion. However, idiopathic scoliosis is by far the most common type of spinal deformity with a prevalence of one to three per 100 (curves of greater than 10) in an equal proportion of boys and girls. […] The treatment of scoliosis is based on the type of scoliosis, the magnitude of the curve, the number of years of growth remaining and the patients opinion about the shape of their back.

• #12 Scoliosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoliosis

  The cause of most cases is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. […] An estimated 65% of scoliosis cases are idiopathic (cause unknown), about 15% are congenital, and about 10% are secondary to a neuromuscular disease. […] About 38% of variance in scoliosis risk is due to genetic factors, and 62% is due to the environment. […] The specific genes that contribute to development of scoliosis have not been conclusively identified. […] Several candidate gene studies have found associations between idiopathic scoliosis and genes mediating bone formation, bone metabolism, and connective tissue structure. […] Secondary scoliosis due to neuropathic and myopathic conditions can lead to a loss of muscular support for the spinal column so that the spinal column is pulled in abnormal directions.

• #13 Scoliosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoliosis

  The cause of most cases is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. […] An estimated 65% of scoliosis cases are idiopathic (cause unknown), about 15% are congenital, and about 10% are secondary to a neuromuscular disease. […] About 38% of variance in scoliosis risk is due to genetic factors, and 62% is due to the environment. […] The specific genes that contribute to development of scoliosis have not been conclusively identified. […] Several candidate gene studies have found associations between idiopathic scoliosis and genes mediating bone formation, bone metabolism, and connective tissue structure. […] Secondary scoliosis due to neuropathic and myopathic conditions can lead to a loss of muscular support for the spinal column so that the spinal column is pulled in abnormal directions.

• #14 Scoliosis: Causes and Treatments

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/2/2/18

  According to a study done by Zhuang et al., it was concluded that patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) had an alteration in five bone growth-related proteins. […] In addition, from linkage analysis, mutations in the gene loci of MAPK7 and allele marker DS 1034 on chromosome 19p13.3 were shown to contribute to AIS. […] A genome-wide association study (GWAS) which analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phenotypes, as well as copy number variants (CNV), specifically looked at AIS. […] Additionally, Mao et al., evaluated DNA methylation levels and observed an inverse relationship between cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) promotor and expression of the COMP gene. […] Raggio suggested that the autosomal recessive chromosome, 12p.13.3 heavily influences AIS.

• #15 Scoliosis: Causes and Treatments

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/2/2/18

  According to a study done by Zhuang et al., it was concluded that patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) had an alteration in five bone growth-related proteins. […] In addition, from linkage analysis, mutations in the gene loci of MAPK7 and allele marker DS 1034 on chromosome 19p13.3 were shown to contribute to AIS. […] A genome-wide association study (GWAS) which analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phenotypes, as well as copy number variants (CNV), specifically looked at AIS. […] Additionally, Mao et al., evaluated DNA methylation levels and observed an inverse relationship between cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) promotor and expression of the COMP gene. […] Raggio suggested that the autosomal recessive chromosome, 12p.13.3 heavily influences AIS.

• #16 Scoliosis: Causes and Treatments

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/2/2/18

  Gender is strongly linked with scoliosis prevalence, with much higher rates among females. […] The ratio of spinal curves of 30 degrees or higher between females to males is 10:1. […] A region on the X-chromosome, which plays a role in scoliosis, has recently been identified. […] Although the exact causative relationship between exercising and scoliosis remains unclear, specific research was conducted to assess this. […] In addition to exercising, other secondary factors have been investigated as possibly contributing to scoliosis. […] There has also been some linkage of vertebral malformations with the consumption of alcohol, maternal insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and anticonvulsant medications during fetal development.

• #17 8 Ways Scoliosis Affects the Body | Dr. Jason Lowenstein

  https://jasonlowensteinmd.com/8-ways-scoliosis-can-affect-the-body/

  Scoliosis can arise from a variety of causesmost of which are unknown (or idiopathic). […] However, some researchers now believe that low levels of certain female hormonesparticularly progesteronemay actually cause scoliosis. […] Scoliosis can interfere with your ability to take full, deep breaths. […] Scoliosis can affect the body in unusual ways. […] In individuals with scoliosis, an S-shaped curve appears where it should notsnaking from the left to the right side of the torso (or vice versa). […] Compression of the stomach and intestines due to scoliosis can result in the following digestive issues: […] Scoliosis prevents the recirculation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to your brain. […] As the Cobb angle increases, the impact on non-skeletal organs also increases.

• #18 Scoliosis: Causes and Treatments

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/2/2/18

  Gender is strongly linked with scoliosis prevalence, with much higher rates among females. […] The ratio of spinal curves of 30 degrees or higher between females to males is 10:1. […] A region on the X-chromosome, which plays a role in scoliosis, has recently been identified. […] Although the exact causative relationship between exercising and scoliosis remains unclear, specific research was conducted to assess this. […] In addition to exercising, other secondary factors have been investigated as possibly contributing to scoliosis. […] There has also been some linkage of vertebral malformations with the consumption of alcohol, maternal insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and anticonvulsant medications during fetal development.

• #19 What Causes Scoliosis?

  https://clear-institute.org/learning-about-scoliosis/what-causes-scoliosis/

  Idiopathic means, without known cause. It doesn’t mean there is no cause – simply that it is not readily apparent. […] We know that scoliosis is not directly caused by problems with the genes. It is possible for certain genes to predispose an individual to develop scoliosis, but there is no way to tell just by looking at the genes if a person will develop scoliosis or not. Rather, it appears to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors that influences the development of scoliosis. […] Environmental aspects that influence scoliosis appear to be ectomorphic body types (tall and slender), loss of the normal thoracic kyphosis (flatback syndrome), and abnormal loading of the bones (Heuter-Volkmanns Law). […] One interesting new theory suggests that scoliosis is caused by a sensorimotor re-integration disorder (improper communication between the brain and the muscles responsible for posture, balance, and coordination).

• #20 Know The Main Causes Of Scoliosis

  https://www.hudsonvalleyscoliosis.com/articles/main-causes-of-scoliosis/

  Asynchronous growth is an intriguing concept in scoliosis research. It involves the relative growth rates of the spinal cord and the bony column (vertebral bodies) in the spine. When the spinal cord does not grow at the same rate as the surrounding bones, it creates a condition where the cord is too short for the spine. This leads to a fascinating biomechanical effect. […] This asynchronous growth can be observed in approximately 30% of patients with scoliosis. Traditional treatments like exercises, bracing, and even surgery are often insufficient to correct this issue, as they don’t address the underlying spinal cord shortening. However, some innovative approaches aim to release and stretch the spinal cord to bring the spine back into alignment. […] In conclusion, the main causes of scoliosis are multifaceted. While genetics provide a foundation for scoliosis predisposition, it’s the interplay with environmental factors that determines whether an individual develops the condition. Epigenetic factors, such as swimming in heated pools, maternal age, and sunlight exposure, can trigger or exacerbate scoliosis in genetically susceptible individuals.

• #21 How Scoliosis Is Caused – Types, Causes, and ICD 10 Codes

  https://scoliosiscarecenters.com/how-scoliosis-is-caused/

  Idiopathic scoliosis is the classical we dont know category:; the cause remains yet undiagnosed and so it is simply called idiopathic. […] Unfortunately, most do not and their case is eternally referred to as idiopathic. […] What is interesting about MOST cases of scoliosis that end up remaining in the idiopathic category, is that they clearly lack any obvious neuromuscular or structural asymmetry at their root. […] The condition known as tethered cord syndrome. […] Tethered cord syndrome is a condition that occurs when the spinal cord becomes abnormally stuck to the bottom of the spinal canal during embryological development. […] As the patient grows during their childhood, their spinal cord (which is stuck) begins to pull on the spine (because it is stuck or tethered) which causes the spine to coil down, causing a scoliosis that worsens with growth.

• #22 How Scoliosis Is Caused – Types, Causes, and ICD 10 Codes

  https://scoliosiscarecenters.com/how-scoliosis-is-caused/

  Simply put, the bones of the spine are growing faster than the nerves can, which causes increased tension in the spinal cord, which then pulls down on the spine, ultimately causing scoliosis. […] This unequal growth, also known as uncoupled neuroosseous development creates tension along the spine, causing it to coil down into a scoliotic shape. […] It does not matter what type of scoliosis a patient has. Whether it be congenital, neuromuscular, syndromic, or idiopathic, every case of scoliosis DOES have an underlying cause just WAITING to be discovered and diagnosed.

• #23 Know The Main Causes Of Scoliosis

  https://www.hudsonvalleyscoliosis.com/articles/main-causes-of-scoliosis/

  Asynchronous growth is an intriguing concept in scoliosis research. It involves the relative growth rates of the spinal cord and the bony column (vertebral bodies) in the spine. When the spinal cord does not grow at the same rate as the surrounding bones, it creates a condition where the cord is too short for the spine. This leads to a fascinating biomechanical effect. […] This asynchronous growth can be observed in approximately 30% of patients with scoliosis. Traditional treatments like exercises, bracing, and even surgery are often insufficient to correct this issue, as they don’t address the underlying spinal cord shortening. However, some innovative approaches aim to release and stretch the spinal cord to bring the spine back into alignment. […] In conclusion, the main causes of scoliosis are multifaceted. While genetics provide a foundation for scoliosis predisposition, it’s the interplay with environmental factors that determines whether an individual develops the condition. Epigenetic factors, such as swimming in heated pools, maternal age, and sunlight exposure, can trigger or exacerbate scoliosis in genetically susceptible individuals.

• #24 Scoliosis: Causes and Treatments

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/2/2/18

  According to a study done by Zhuang et al., it was concluded that patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) had an alteration in five bone growth-related proteins. […] In addition, from linkage analysis, mutations in the gene loci of MAPK7 and allele marker DS 1034 on chromosome 19p13.3 were shown to contribute to AIS. […] A genome-wide association study (GWAS) which analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phenotypes, as well as copy number variants (CNV), specifically looked at AIS. […] Additionally, Mao et al., evaluated DNA methylation levels and observed an inverse relationship between cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) promotor and expression of the COMP gene. […] Raggio suggested that the autosomal recessive chromosome, 12p.13.3 heavily influences AIS.

• #25 Know The Main Causes Of Scoliosis

  https://www.hudsonvalleyscoliosis.com/articles/main-causes-of-scoliosis/

  To highlight the variability in scoliosis risk, consider a case where one family had eight children. Six of the children had profound scoliosis, while the remaining two had no signs of scoliosis at all. This stark contrast illustrates that genetic predisposition is not the sole determinant of scoliosis development. It remains a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. […] Epigenetics refers to the influence of the environment on genetic predispositions. While genetics sets the stage, various environmental factors can trigger or exacerbate scoliosis in genetically susceptible individuals. Researchers have identified 47 different epigenetic factors that can contribute to the development or progression of scoliosis. […] These epigenetic factors underline the complexity of scoliosis causation, demonstrating that the condition results from a combination of genetic and environmental influences.

• #26 What Causes Scoliosis?

  https://clear-institute.org/learning-about-scoliosis/what-causes-scoliosis/

  Idiopathic means, without known cause. It doesn’t mean there is no cause – simply that it is not readily apparent. […] We know that scoliosis is not directly caused by problems with the genes. It is possible for certain genes to predispose an individual to develop scoliosis, but there is no way to tell just by looking at the genes if a person will develop scoliosis or not. Rather, it appears to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors that influences the development of scoliosis. […] Environmental aspects that influence scoliosis appear to be ectomorphic body types (tall and slender), loss of the normal thoracic kyphosis (flatback syndrome), and abnormal loading of the bones (Heuter-Volkmanns Law). […] One interesting new theory suggests that scoliosis is caused by a sensorimotor re-integration disorder (improper communication between the brain and the muscles responsible for posture, balance, and coordination).

• #27 Scoliosis: Causes and Treatments

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/2/2/18

  Gender is strongly linked with scoliosis prevalence, with much higher rates among females. […] The ratio of spinal curves of 30 degrees or higher between females to males is 10:1. […] A region on the X-chromosome, which plays a role in scoliosis, has recently been identified. […] Although the exact causative relationship between exercising and scoliosis remains unclear, specific research was conducted to assess this. […] In addition to exercising, other secondary factors have been investigated as possibly contributing to scoliosis. […] There has also been some linkage of vertebral malformations with the consumption of alcohol, maternal insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and anticonvulsant medications during fetal development.

• #28 Scoliosis: Review of diagnosis and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2532872/

  Scoliosis is a spinal deformity consisting of lateral curvature and rotation of the vertebrae. The causes of scoliosis vary and are classified broadly as congenital, neuromuscular, syndrome-related, idiopathic and spinal curvature due to secondary reasons. […] The majority of scoliosis cases encountered by the general practitioner will be idiopathic. […] Congenital scoliosis is due to a vertebral abnormality causing the mechanical deviation of the normal spinal alignment. Scoliosis can be due to neurological conditions (eg, cerebral palsy or paralysis), muscular abnormalities (eg, Duchenne muscular dystrophy) or other syndromes (eg, Marfan syndrome and neurofibromatosis). […] The natural history relates to the etiology and age at presentation, and usually dictates the treatment. […] The risk of curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis and hence its treatment and prognosis is based on remaining spinal growth.

• #29 What Causes Scoliosis?

  https://clear-institute.org/learning-about-scoliosis/what-causes-scoliosis/

  What causes scoliosis? […] Scoliosis has been around for thousands of years, among people of every culture and country. Yet for all the time we have studied scoliosis, its true causes remain elusive. […] Some types of scoliosis have a directly-identifiable cause. Neuromuscular scoliosis, for example, occurs when a disease such as muscular dystrophy or cerebral palsy causes the spine to develop a scoliosis. Congenital scoliosis arises due to a failure of the bones to form properly. Degenerative scoliosis happens in late adulthood due to degeneration of the spinal discs. Traumatic scoliosis can occur as a result of an accident or surgery. All of these types of scoliosis, however, comprise less than 20% of the diagnosed cases. The vast majority of scoliosis cases diagnosed (over 80%) are termed idiopathic.

• #30 Scoliosis – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/scoliosis/

  Scoliosis can be classified by etiology: idiopathic, congenital or neuromuscular. Idiopathic scoliosis is the diagnosis when all other causes are excluded and comprises about 80 percent of all cases. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of scoliosis and is usually diagnosed during puberty. […] Congenital scoliosis results from embryological malformation of one or more vertebrae and may occur in any location of the spine. The vertebral abnormalities cause curvature and other deformities of the spine because one area of the spinal column lengthens at a slower rate than the rest. […] Neuromuscular scoliosis encompasses scoliosis that is secondary to neurological or muscular diseases. This includes scoliosis associated with cerebral palsy, spinal cord trauma, muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy and spina bifida. This type of scoliosis generally progresses more rapidly than idiopathic scoliosis and often requires surgical treatment.

• #31 Pediatric Scoliosis Causes and Diagnoses | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/orthopaedics/pediatric-scoliosis/causes-and-diagnoses

  In more than 80 percent of cases, the cause of scoliosis is idiopathic, or unknown. […] When scoliosis is congenital, or present at birth, it can be caused by: Failure of the vertebrae to form normally, Absence of vertebrae, Partially formed vertebrae, Lack of separation of the vertebrae. […] Other causes of scoliosis may include: Hereditary conditions that run in families, Differences in leg lengths, Injury, Infection, Tumors. […] Scoliosis is a type of spinal deformity and is not a result of poor posture.

• #32 Scoliosis – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/scoliosis/

  Scoliosis can be classified by etiology: idiopathic, congenital or neuromuscular. Idiopathic scoliosis is the diagnosis when all other causes are excluded and comprises about 80 percent of all cases. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of scoliosis and is usually diagnosed during puberty. […] Congenital scoliosis results from embryological malformation of one or more vertebrae and may occur in any location of the spine. The vertebral abnormalities cause curvature and other deformities of the spine because one area of the spinal column lengthens at a slower rate than the rest. […] Neuromuscular scoliosis encompasses scoliosis that is secondary to neurological or muscular diseases. This includes scoliosis associated with cerebral palsy, spinal cord trauma, muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy and spina bifida. This type of scoliosis generally progresses more rapidly than idiopathic scoliosis and often requires surgical treatment.

• #33 Scoliosis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001241.htm

  Scoliosis is an abnormal curving of the spine. […] Most of the time, the cause of scoliosis is unknown. This is called idiopathic scoliosis. It is the most common type. […] Other types of scoliosis are: Congenital scoliosis: This type of scoliosis is present at birth. It occurs when the baby’s ribs or spine bones do not form properly. […] Neuromuscular scoliosis: This type is caused by a nervous system problem that affects the muscles. Problems can include cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, spina bifida, and polio. […] Treatment depends on many things: The cause of scoliosis. […] The more severe the curving, the more likely it will get worse after the child stops growing. […] Congenital scoliosis is difficult to treat and usually requires many surgeries.

• #34 Congenital scoliosis | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/congenital-scoliosis

  Congenital scoliosis is a spinal deformity in which a sideways curvature of the spine is caused by a defect present at birth. […] In congenital scoliosis, the following may occur during the baby’s development in the womb: The bones (vertebrae) in the spine may not form normally, one or more bones in the spine may be absent, bones may partially form, bones may not be separated as they should be. […] The term congenital scoliosis is a misleading one. It implies that there is always spinal curvature at birth, when in fact only bone malformations are present at birth in all patients with congenital scoliosis. Scoliosis may not develop until later. […] Children with congenital scoliosis sometimes have other health issues too, such as stomach, kidney, heart, nerve or bladder problems. This is because at the time the spine was developing in utero, other organs may also have experienced disrupted development.

• #35 Scoliosis – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/scoliosis/

  Scoliosis can be classified by etiology: idiopathic, congenital or neuromuscular. Idiopathic scoliosis is the diagnosis when all other causes are excluded and comprises about 80 percent of all cases. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of scoliosis and is usually diagnosed during puberty. […] Congenital scoliosis results from embryological malformation of one or more vertebrae and may occur in any location of the spine. The vertebral abnormalities cause curvature and other deformities of the spine because one area of the spinal column lengthens at a slower rate than the rest. […] Neuromuscular scoliosis encompasses scoliosis that is secondary to neurological or muscular diseases. This includes scoliosis associated with cerebral palsy, spinal cord trauma, muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy and spina bifida. This type of scoliosis generally progresses more rapidly than idiopathic scoliosis and often requires surgical treatment.

• #36 Scoliosis: Treatment, symptoms, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/190940

  Scoliosis can appear at any age, but it often presents between the ages of 10 and 12 years or during a persons teens. While scoliosis is rare in infants, infantile scoliosis can affect people before the age of 3 years. […] In most cases, there is no known cause of scoliosis. Doctors call this idiopathic scoliosis. In other cases, scoliosis may have an association with cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or spina bifida. Alternatively, it may be a birth abnormality. […] Below are some of the possible causes of scoliosis: […] Neuromuscular conditions: These conditions affect the nerves and muscles. They include cerebral palsy, poliomyelitis, and muscular dystrophy. […] Congenital scoliosis: Congenital means that the condition was present at birth. Scoliosis is rare at birth, but it can occur if the bones in the spine develop abnormally when the fetus is growing.

• #37 Scoliosis – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/scoliosis/

  Scoliosis can be classified by etiology: idiopathic, congenital or neuromuscular. Idiopathic scoliosis is the diagnosis when all other causes are excluded and comprises about 80 percent of all cases. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of scoliosis and is usually diagnosed during puberty. […] Congenital scoliosis results from embryological malformation of one or more vertebrae and may occur in any location of the spine. The vertebral abnormalities cause curvature and other deformities of the spine because one area of the spinal column lengthens at a slower rate than the rest. […] Neuromuscular scoliosis encompasses scoliosis that is secondary to neurological or muscular diseases. This includes scoliosis associated with cerebral palsy, spinal cord trauma, muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy and spina bifida. This type of scoliosis generally progresses more rapidly than idiopathic scoliosis and often requires surgical treatment.

• #38 What Causes Scoliosis | Scoliosis Care | Tampa, FL

  https://scoliosiscare.com/what-causes-scoliosis-a-comprehensive-guide/

  Scoliosis is a condition that affects millions of children and adults worldwide, often raising questions and concerns about its cause. […] To understand what causes scoliosis, its important to explore its different types. Each type has unique causes and characteristics. […] Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common form of scoliosis, accounting for about 80% of cases. Idiopathic means that the cause is unknown. […] While the exact cause remains unclear, research suggests a combination of genetic and environmental factors may play a role. […] Congenital scoliosis develops due to vertebral anomalies, such as missing or improperly formed vertebrae. These abnormalities occur during fetal development. […] The weakened or imbalanced muscles supporting the spine can lead to curvature over time.

• #39 Scoliosis: Treatment, symptoms, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/190940

  Specific genes: Researchers believe that at least one gene plays a role in the development of scoliosis. […] Leg length: If one leg is longer than the other, an individual may develop scoliosis. […] Syndromic scoliosis: Scoliosis can develop as part of a medical condition, including neurofibromatosis or Marfans syndrome. […] Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis can cause secondary scoliosis due to bone degeneration. […] Other causes: Poor posture, carrying backpacks or satchels, connective tissue disorders, and some injuries can cause spinal curvature.

• #40 Scoliosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/back-pain/causes-scoliosis

  Scoliosis is a sideways curve in your backbone (spine). […] Most types of scoliosis don’t have a clear cause. […] In nonstructural scoliosis, the spine works normally but looks curved. This happens for a number of reasons, such as having one leg that’s longer than the other, muscle spasms, and inflammations like appendicitis. […] In structural scoliosis, the curve of the spine is rigid and can’t be reversed. […] Causes include: Cerebral palsy, Muscular dystrophy, Birth defects, Infections, Tumors, Genetic conditions like Marfan syndrome and Down syndrome. […] About 30% of people with scoliosis also have a family member with it. But no one gene has been found for idiopathic scoliosis. Researchers think that a variety of genes might affect whether you get it and how severe it is.

• #41 Unusual Causes of Scoliosis – Scoliosis and Spine Associates

  https://www.scoliosisassociates.com/conditions/unusual-causes-of-scoliosis/

  There are many causes of scoliosis. There are too many to list and to fully discuss here. […] Patients with Marfan’s syndrome often have highly progressive curvatures that require surgical intervention. […] This condition is also a condition of connective tissue in which the gene for elastin is abnormal. This results in severe ligamentous laxity in these individuals who often develop spinal deformities. […] Spinal deformity manifested as scoliosis or kyphosis may occur as a result of erosion of the bones of the spinal column (dystrophic type) or without specific involvement of the spine. […] A number of developmental growth abnormalities can occur such as achondroplasia, the most common dwarfism, which is the result of a genetic mutation. There are a number of other dwarfing conditions that are less common, but may also be associated with scoliosis or kyphosis. […] There are numerous causes of scoliosis and kyphosis all with their own unique features.

• #42 Unusual Causes of Scoliosis – Scoliosis and Spine Associates

  https://www.scoliosisassociates.com/conditions/unusual-causes-of-scoliosis/

  There are many causes of scoliosis. There are too many to list and to fully discuss here. […] Patients with Marfan’s syndrome often have highly progressive curvatures that require surgical intervention. […] This condition is also a condition of connective tissue in which the gene for elastin is abnormal. This results in severe ligamentous laxity in these individuals who often develop spinal deformities. […] Spinal deformity manifested as scoliosis or kyphosis may occur as a result of erosion of the bones of the spinal column (dystrophic type) or without specific involvement of the spine. […] A number of developmental growth abnormalities can occur such as achondroplasia, the most common dwarfism, which is the result of a genetic mutation. There are a number of other dwarfing conditions that are less common, but may also be associated with scoliosis or kyphosis. […] There are numerous causes of scoliosis and kyphosis all with their own unique features.

• #43 Unusual Causes of Scoliosis – Scoliosis and Spine Associates

  https://www.scoliosisassociates.com/conditions/unusual-causes-of-scoliosis/

  There are many causes of scoliosis. There are too many to list and to fully discuss here. […] Patients with Marfan’s syndrome often have highly progressive curvatures that require surgical intervention. […] This condition is also a condition of connective tissue in which the gene for elastin is abnormal. This results in severe ligamentous laxity in these individuals who often develop spinal deformities. […] Spinal deformity manifested as scoliosis or kyphosis may occur as a result of erosion of the bones of the spinal column (dystrophic type) or without specific involvement of the spine. […] A number of developmental growth abnormalities can occur such as achondroplasia, the most common dwarfism, which is the result of a genetic mutation. There are a number of other dwarfing conditions that are less common, but may also be associated with scoliosis or kyphosis. […] There are numerous causes of scoliosis and kyphosis all with their own unique features.

• #44 Unusual Causes of Scoliosis – Scoliosis and Spine Associates

  https://www.scoliosisassociates.com/conditions/unusual-causes-of-scoliosis/

  There are many causes of scoliosis. There are too many to list and to fully discuss here. […] Patients with Marfan’s syndrome often have highly progressive curvatures that require surgical intervention. […] This condition is also a condition of connective tissue in which the gene for elastin is abnormal. This results in severe ligamentous laxity in these individuals who often develop spinal deformities. […] Spinal deformity manifested as scoliosis or kyphosis may occur as a result of erosion of the bones of the spinal column (dystrophic type) or without specific involvement of the spine. […] A number of developmental growth abnormalities can occur such as achondroplasia, the most common dwarfism, which is the result of a genetic mutation. There are a number of other dwarfing conditions that are less common, but may also be associated with scoliosis or kyphosis. […] There are numerous causes of scoliosis and kyphosis all with their own unique features.

• #45 What Causes Scoliosis in Adults and Treatment Options

  https://www.healthline.com/health/scoliosis/what-causes-scoliosis-in-adults

  Scoliosis in adults is most often caused by degeneration of the spinal discs and connective tissue. […] However, its possible for scoliosis to develop in adults with no history of the condition. Typically, this is caused by spinal degeneration. […] The other primary cause of scoliosis in adults is degeneration of the soft tissues, such as the disc and ligaments. This can lead to spine curvature and is called degenerative scoliosis. […] Some people, such as people who work jobs that put a high strain on their bodies, are at a greater risk for spinal degeneration and scoliosis. Smokers also have a higher risk of scoliosis. […] Currently, the exact cause of childhood scoliosis and childhood scoliosis that persists into adulthood is unknown.

• #46 Scoliosis Causes: What Causes Scoliosis? [ANSWERED]

  https://www.scoliosisreductioncenter.com/blog/scoliosis-causes

  The cause of congenital scoliosis is abnormal spinal development. […] The cause of neuromuscular scoliosis is the underlying neuromuscular condition that causes the development of scoliosis as a related complication. […] The cause of degenerative scoliosis is degenerative changes experienced by the spine that impair its ability to maintain a healthy alignment. […] In this form of scoliosis (adult idiopathic scoliosis), while the initial cause of its onset is unknown, as it is in AIS when the condition initially develops, we do know that adult idiopathic scoliosis is an extension of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. […] Traumatic scoliosis is caused by a significant trauma experienced by the spine. […] The truth is in the conditions most common form, AIS, its development is thought to be the result of multiple factors, and not one specific source, like a gene.

• #47 What Can Cause Scoliosis? Are You Born With It? Bad Posture?

  https://www.scoliosisreductioncenter.com/blog/what-can-cause-scoliosis

  Congenital scoliosis is a rare form that affects approximately 1 in 10,000. Infants are born with congenital scoliosis as it develops in utero due to a malformation in the vertebrae (bones of the spine). […] In cases of congenital scoliosis, yes, you can be born with it, but with other forms, it can develop over time, or be caused by a spinal trauma or injury. […] Degenerative scoliosis most commonly affects people over the age of 40 and can develop slowly over time as the spine experiences degenerative changes. […] In traumatic scoliosis, causation is the result of a trauma experienced by the spine. Injuries from falls, car accidents, and/or spinal fractures related to other spinal conditions can also be the cause. […] Many people assume that scoliosis can be caused by bad posture, but bad posture has not been identified as a potential cause.

• #48 Adult Degenerative Scoliosis – Seattle, WA -Spine Surgery

  https://spinesurgeonsseattle.com/spinal-conditions/adult-degenerative-scoliosis/

  Scoliosis generally develops during childhood, but it also can occur in adults. […] Adult degenerative scoliosis develops during adulthood due to degenerative changes, and it is typically seen in the lower back (lumbar spine). […] Adult degenerative scoliosis is caused by the combination of aging and wear & tear on the structures of the spine. […] In older patients, mostly women, it is often associated with osteoporosis. […] Osteoarthritis can also play a role in the development of adult degenerative scoliosis.

• #49 Adult Degenerative Scoliosis – Seattle, WA -Spine Surgery

  https://spinesurgeonsseattle.com/spinal-conditions/adult-degenerative-scoliosis/

  Scoliosis generally develops during childhood, but it also can occur in adults. […] Adult degenerative scoliosis develops during adulthood due to degenerative changes, and it is typically seen in the lower back (lumbar spine). […] Adult degenerative scoliosis is caused by the combination of aging and wear & tear on the structures of the spine. […] In older patients, mostly women, it is often associated with osteoporosis. […] Osteoarthritis can also play a role in the development of adult degenerative scoliosis.

• #50 What Causes Scoliosis in Adults and Treatment Options

  https://www.healthline.com/health/scoliosis/what-causes-scoliosis-in-adults

  Scoliosis in adults is most often caused by degeneration of the spinal discs and connective tissue. […] However, its possible for scoliosis to develop in adults with no history of the condition. Typically, this is caused by spinal degeneration. […] The other primary cause of scoliosis in adults is degeneration of the soft tissues, such as the disc and ligaments. This can lead to spine curvature and is called degenerative scoliosis. […] Some people, such as people who work jobs that put a high strain on their bodies, are at a greater risk for spinal degeneration and scoliosis. Smokers also have a higher risk of scoliosis. […] Currently, the exact cause of childhood scoliosis and childhood scoliosis that persists into adulthood is unknown.

• #51 What Causes Scoliosis in Adults and Treatment Options

  https://www.healthline.com/health/scoliosis/what-causes-scoliosis-in-adults

  Scoliosis in adults is most often caused by degeneration of the spinal discs and connective tissue. […] However, its possible for scoliosis to develop in adults with no history of the condition. Typically, this is caused by spinal degeneration. […] The other primary cause of scoliosis in adults is degeneration of the soft tissues, such as the disc and ligaments. This can lead to spine curvature and is called degenerative scoliosis. […] Some people, such as people who work jobs that put a high strain on their bodies, are at a greater risk for spinal degeneration and scoliosis. Smokers also have a higher risk of scoliosis. […] Currently, the exact cause of childhood scoliosis and childhood scoliosis that persists into adulthood is unknown.

• #52 Scoliosis Causes: What Causes Scoliosis? [ANSWERED]

  https://www.scoliosisreductioncenter.com/blog/scoliosis-causes

  The cause of congenital scoliosis is abnormal spinal development. […] The cause of neuromuscular scoliosis is the underlying neuromuscular condition that causes the development of scoliosis as a related complication. […] The cause of degenerative scoliosis is degenerative changes experienced by the spine that impair its ability to maintain a healthy alignment. […] In this form of scoliosis (adult idiopathic scoliosis), while the initial cause of its onset is unknown, as it is in AIS when the condition initially develops, we do know that adult idiopathic scoliosis is an extension of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. […] Traumatic scoliosis is caused by a significant trauma experienced by the spine. […] The truth is in the conditions most common form, AIS, its development is thought to be the result of multiple factors, and not one specific source, like a gene.

• #53 Scoliosis: Treatment, symptoms, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/190940

  Specific genes: Researchers believe that at least one gene plays a role in the development of scoliosis. […] Leg length: If one leg is longer than the other, an individual may develop scoliosis. […] Syndromic scoliosis: Scoliosis can develop as part of a medical condition, including neurofibromatosis or Marfans syndrome. […] Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis can cause secondary scoliosis due to bone degeneration. […] Other causes: Poor posture, carrying backpacks or satchels, connective tissue disorders, and some injuries can cause spinal curvature.

• #54 Causes of Scoliosis | Square ONE Health

  https://squareonehealth.com/causes-of-scoliosis/

  Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common cause of structural scoliosis and accounts for up to 80% of all cases. […] Non-structural scoliosis is a type of scoliosis where the spine is “functionally” curved, as the spine will appear to straighten out when the patient is lying down. […] Scoliosis can occur when one leg is shorter than the other. […] Researchers haven’t found a definitive answer to this question. […] Yes, physical trauma can cause scoliosis. […] The most common injury resulting from a car accident that can cause scoliosis is a spinal fracture, which occurs when one or more vertebral bones are fractured.

• #55 Scoliosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scoliosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350716

  Scoliosis is a side-to-side curve of the spine. It’s most often diagnosed after age 10 or in the early teen years. Experts don’t know the cause of most childhood scoliosis. […] Experts don’t know what causes the most common type of scoliosis. But the condition can run in families. The following may cause some types of scoliosis: Certain conditions of the muscles and nerves that let the body move, called neuromuscular conditions. Conditions include cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy. Birth conditions that affect how the bones of the spine form. Surgery on the chest wall as a baby or surgery to remove bone over the back of the spine. Spinal cord conditions. […] Risk factors for getting the most common type of scoliosis include: Being age 10 or older. Symptoms most often begin in the early teen years. Being assigned female at birth. Both sexes get mild scoliosis at about the same rate. But people assigned female at birth have a higher risk of the curve getting worse and needing treatment. Having a family history. Scoliosis can run in families. But most children with scoliosis don’t have a family history of the condition.

• #56 Scoliosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/back-pain/causes-scoliosis

  Scoliosis is a sideways curve in your backbone (spine). […] Most types of scoliosis don’t have a clear cause. […] In nonstructural scoliosis, the spine works normally but looks curved. This happens for a number of reasons, such as having one leg that’s longer than the other, muscle spasms, and inflammations like appendicitis. […] In structural scoliosis, the curve of the spine is rigid and can’t be reversed. […] Causes include: Cerebral palsy, Muscular dystrophy, Birth defects, Infections, Tumors, Genetic conditions like Marfan syndrome and Down syndrome. […] About 30% of people with scoliosis also have a family member with it. But no one gene has been found for idiopathic scoliosis. Researchers think that a variety of genes might affect whether you get it and how severe it is.

• #57 Scoliosis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/scoliosis

  Scoliosis is an abnormal sideways curving of the spine. […] Most of the time, the cause of scoliosis is unknown (idiopathic). Scoliosis can also be associated with congenital birth defects that cause a developing baby’s spine to not form properly. Neuromuscular conditions are a third cause of scoliosis. […] Scoliosis is often categorized into 2 types: Nonstructural (functional) scoliosis. A normal spine that appears curved. Possible causes include having legs that are different lengths, or having a temporary injury or infection of the spine. The curve will go away when the underlying problem is resolved. Structural scoliosis. A fixed curve in the spine: Structural scoliosis may be due to idiopathic, congenital, or neuromuscular causes. […] In most cases, the cause of scoliosis is unknown (idiopathic). Because scoliosis often runs in families, researchers think that genetic factors may play a role. However, severity often varies widely among family members who have the condition, suggesting that other factors must be present.

• #58 Scoliosis: Treatment, symptoms, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/190940

  Specific genes: Researchers believe that at least one gene plays a role in the development of scoliosis. […] Leg length: If one leg is longer than the other, an individual may develop scoliosis. […] Syndromic scoliosis: Scoliosis can develop as part of a medical condition, including neurofibromatosis or Marfans syndrome. […] Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis can cause secondary scoliosis due to bone degeneration. […] Other causes: Poor posture, carrying backpacks or satchels, connective tissue disorders, and some injuries can cause spinal curvature.

• #59 Scoliosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/back-pain/causes-scoliosis

  Scoliosis is a sideways curve in your backbone (spine). […] Most types of scoliosis don’t have a clear cause. […] In nonstructural scoliosis, the spine works normally but looks curved. This happens for a number of reasons, such as having one leg that’s longer than the other, muscle spasms, and inflammations like appendicitis. […] In structural scoliosis, the curve of the spine is rigid and can’t be reversed. […] Causes include: Cerebral palsy, Muscular dystrophy, Birth defects, Infections, Tumors, Genetic conditions like Marfan syndrome and Down syndrome. […] About 30% of people with scoliosis also have a family member with it. But no one gene has been found for idiopathic scoliosis. Researchers think that a variety of genes might affect whether you get it and how severe it is.

• #60 Scoliosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/back-pain/causes-scoliosis

  Scoliosis is a sideways curve in your backbone (spine). […] Most types of scoliosis don’t have a clear cause. […] In nonstructural scoliosis, the spine works normally but looks curved. This happens for a number of reasons, such as having one leg that’s longer than the other, muscle spasms, and inflammations like appendicitis. […] In structural scoliosis, the curve of the spine is rigid and can’t be reversed. […] Causes include: Cerebral palsy, Muscular dystrophy, Birth defects, Infections, Tumors, Genetic conditions like Marfan syndrome and Down syndrome. […] About 30% of people with scoliosis also have a family member with it. But no one gene has been found for idiopathic scoliosis. Researchers think that a variety of genes might affect whether you get it and how severe it is.

• #61 Scoliosis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/scoliosis

  Scoliosis is an abnormal sideways curving of the spine. […] Most of the time, the cause of scoliosis is unknown (idiopathic). Scoliosis can also be associated with congenital birth defects that cause a developing baby’s spine to not form properly. Neuromuscular conditions are a third cause of scoliosis. […] Scoliosis is often categorized into 2 types: Nonstructural (functional) scoliosis. A normal spine that appears curved. Possible causes include having legs that are different lengths, or having a temporary injury or infection of the spine. The curve will go away when the underlying problem is resolved. Structural scoliosis. A fixed curve in the spine: Structural scoliosis may be due to idiopathic, congenital, or neuromuscular causes. […] In most cases, the cause of scoliosis is unknown (idiopathic). Because scoliosis often runs in families, researchers think that genetic factors may play a role. However, severity often varies widely among family members who have the condition, suggesting that other factors must be present.

• #62 Scoliosis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/scoliosis

  Scoliosis is an abnormal sideways curving of the spine. […] Most of the time, the cause of scoliosis is unknown (idiopathic). Scoliosis can also be associated with congenital birth defects that cause a developing baby’s spine to not form properly. Neuromuscular conditions are a third cause of scoliosis. […] Scoliosis is often categorized into 2 types: Nonstructural (functional) scoliosis. A normal spine that appears curved. Possible causes include having legs that are different lengths, or having a temporary injury or infection of the spine. The curve will go away when the underlying problem is resolved. Structural scoliosis. A fixed curve in the spine: Structural scoliosis may be due to idiopathic, congenital, or neuromuscular causes. […] In most cases, the cause of scoliosis is unknown (idiopathic). Because scoliosis often runs in families, researchers think that genetic factors may play a role. However, severity often varies widely among family members who have the condition, suggesting that other factors must be present.

• #63

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/scoliosis/

  In around 8 in every 10 cases, the cause of scoliosis is unknown. This is called idiopathic scoliosis. […] Idiopathic scoliosis cannot be prevented and is not thought to be linked to things such as bad posture, exercise or diet. […] Your genes may make you more likely to get it though, as it sometimes runs in families. […] Less commonly, scoliosis may be caused by: the bones in the spine not forming properly in the womb this is called congenital scoliosis and is present from birth […] an underlying nerve or muscle condition, such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy this is called neuromuscular scoliosis […] wear and tear of the spine with age this is called degenerative scoliosis, which affects older adults.

• #64 Idiopathic Scoliosis – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/idiopathic-scoliosis-in-children-and-adolescents/

  Scoliosis is a condition that causes the spine to curve sideways. There are several different types of scoliosis that affect children and adolescents. By far, the most common type is „idiopathic,” which means the exact cause is not known. […] Although doctors do not know the exact cause of idiopathic scoliosis, they do know that it is not related to specific behaviors or activities like carrying a heavy backpack or having poor posture. […] Research shows that, in some cases, genetics plays a role in the development of scoliosis. Approximately 30% of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis have a family history of the condition.

• #65 Scoliosis – symptoms and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/scoliosis

  Scoliosis is the term for the sideways curvature of your spine. […] Most of the time, the cause of scoliosis is unknown. Most cases of scoliosis develop in otherwise healthy children. […] Scoliosis can be congenital, meaning it is present at birth. It can also be caused by problems with the nerves and muscles, such as: cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, spina bifida. […] We do know that scoliosis is not caused by: a heavy school bag, poor posture, a soft mattress. […] Scoliosis tends to run in families. […] Scoliosis can’t be prevented because the cause is often unknown.

• #66 What Can Cause Scoliosis? Are You Born With It? Bad Posture?

  https://www.scoliosisreductioncenter.com/blog/what-can-cause-scoliosis

  As scoliosis involves structural abnormalities within the vertebrae of the spine, chronic bad posture, although not good for overall spinal health and biomechanics, does not have the power to cause a structural change within the spine itself. […] In the vast majority of cases (80 percent), cause is unknown and conditions are classified as idiopathic. […] When it comes to the 20 percent of scoliosis types with known causes, we are talking about degenerative, neuromuscular, congenital, and traumatic scoliosis. […] In neuromuscular scoliosis, we know its cause is related to a larger neuromuscular condition that complicates the treatment process because the underlying cause is neuromuscular, and this has to be the guiding force of treatment plans. […] In cases of congenital scoliosis, infants are born with the condition as it develops in utero, and we know that this type is caused by malformations within the spine itself, such as misshapen vertebrae, or vertebrae that fail to form into separate bones and become fused together. […] In traumatic scoliosis, causation is the result of a trauma experienced by the spine.

• #67 Scoliosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scoliosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350716

  Scoliosis is a side-to-side curve of the spine. It’s most often diagnosed after age 10 or in the early teen years. Experts don’t know the cause of most childhood scoliosis. […] Experts don’t know what causes the most common type of scoliosis. But the condition can run in families. The following may cause some types of scoliosis: Certain conditions of the muscles and nerves that let the body move, called neuromuscular conditions. Conditions include cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy. Birth conditions that affect how the bones of the spine form. Surgery on the chest wall as a baby or surgery to remove bone over the back of the spine. Spinal cord conditions. […] Risk factors for getting the most common type of scoliosis include: Being age 10 or older. Symptoms most often begin in the early teen years. Being assigned female at birth. Both sexes get mild scoliosis at about the same rate. But people assigned female at birth have a higher risk of the curve getting worse and needing treatment. Having a family history. Scoliosis can run in families. But most children with scoliosis don’t have a family history of the condition.

• #68 Scoliosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scoliosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350716

  Scoliosis is a side-to-side curve of the spine. It’s most often diagnosed after age 10 or in the early teen years. Experts don’t know the cause of most childhood scoliosis. […] Experts don’t know what causes the most common type of scoliosis. But the condition can run in families. The following may cause some types of scoliosis: Certain conditions of the muscles and nerves that let the body move, called neuromuscular conditions. Conditions include cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy. Birth conditions that affect how the bones of the spine form. Surgery on the chest wall as a baby or surgery to remove bone over the back of the spine. Spinal cord conditions. […] Risk factors for getting the most common type of scoliosis include: Being age 10 or older. Symptoms most often begin in the early teen years. Being assigned female at birth. Both sexes get mild scoliosis at about the same rate. But people assigned female at birth have a higher risk of the curve getting worse and needing treatment. Having a family history. Scoliosis can run in families. But most children with scoliosis don’t have a family history of the condition.

• #69 Common Risk Factors for Scoliosis: John Regan, MD: Orthopedic Spine Surgeon

  https://www.spinegroupbeverlyhills.com/blog/common-risk-factors-for-scoliosis

  Scoliosis impacts six to nine million Americans, but thankfully, scoliosis is easily diagnosed and treated. […] Risk factors for developing idiopathic adolescent scoliosis (the most common type of scoliosis that accounts for 80% of all cases) include: […] Scoliosis can run in families, but most children with scoliosis don’t have a relative with the condition. That being said, having a parent or sibling with scoliosis increases a persons chances of having scoliosis too. […] Risk factors for congenital scoliosis include maternal environmental factors or things that a pregnant woman experienced or was exposed to during pregnancy. […] Research indicates that 19% of mothers who had a baby born with congenital scoliosis had at least one of the following environmental factors: hyperthermia while pregnant, twin gestation, insulin-dependent diabetes. Alcohol usage and smoking were also listed as risk factors in the study.

• #70 Common Risk Factors for Scoliosis: John Regan, MD: Orthopedic Spine Surgeon

  https://www.spinegroupbeverlyhills.com/blog/common-risk-factors-for-scoliosis

  Scoliosis impacts six to nine million Americans, but thankfully, scoliosis is easily diagnosed and treated. […] Risk factors for developing idiopathic adolescent scoliosis (the most common type of scoliosis that accounts for 80% of all cases) include: […] Scoliosis can run in families, but most children with scoliosis don’t have a relative with the condition. That being said, having a parent or sibling with scoliosis increases a persons chances of having scoliosis too. […] Risk factors for congenital scoliosis include maternal environmental factors or things that a pregnant woman experienced or was exposed to during pregnancy. […] Research indicates that 19% of mothers who had a baby born with congenital scoliosis had at least one of the following environmental factors: hyperthermia while pregnant, twin gestation, insulin-dependent diabetes. Alcohol usage and smoking were also listed as risk factors in the study.

• #71 Scoliosis: What It Is, Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15837-scoliosis

  Scoliosis is an abnormal side-to-side curvature of your spine. […] Most often, though, healthcare providers can’t identify a specific cause (idiopathic scoliosis). […] The cause of scoliosis varies depending on the type but may include: vertebrae malformation during embryonic development, a genetic change, a spine injury, a tumor on your spine, a condition that affects your nerves or muscles. […] You’re more likely to develop scoliosis if someone in your biological family has the condition. But not all cases of scoliosis are genetic. […] Without treatment, severe cases of scoliosis can lead to long-lasting pain, physical deformity, organ damage, nerve damage, arthritis, spinal fluid leakage, and difficulty breathing.

• #72 8 Ways Scoliosis Affects the Body | Dr. Jason Lowenstein

  https://jasonlowensteinmd.com/8-ways-scoliosis-can-affect-the-body/

  Scoliosis can arise from a variety of causesmost of which are unknown (or idiopathic). […] However, some researchers now believe that low levels of certain female hormonesparticularly progesteronemay actually cause scoliosis. […] Scoliosis can interfere with your ability to take full, deep breaths. […] Scoliosis can affect the body in unusual ways. […] In individuals with scoliosis, an S-shaped curve appears where it should notsnaking from the left to the right side of the torso (or vice versa). […] Compression of the stomach and intestines due to scoliosis can result in the following digestive issues: […] Scoliosis prevents the recirculation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to your brain. […] As the Cobb angle increases, the impact on non-skeletal organs also increases.

• #73 8 Ways Scoliosis Affects the Body | Dr. Jason Lowenstein

  https://jasonlowensteinmd.com/8-ways-scoliosis-can-affect-the-body/

  Scoliosis can arise from a variety of causesmost of which are unknown (or idiopathic). […] However, some researchers now believe that low levels of certain female hormonesparticularly progesteronemay actually cause scoliosis. […] Scoliosis can interfere with your ability to take full, deep breaths. […] Scoliosis can affect the body in unusual ways. […] In individuals with scoliosis, an S-shaped curve appears where it should notsnaking from the left to the right side of the torso (or vice versa). […] Compression of the stomach and intestines due to scoliosis can result in the following digestive issues: […] Scoliosis prevents the recirculation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to your brain. […] As the Cobb angle increases, the impact on non-skeletal organs also increases.

• #74 8 Ways Scoliosis Affects the Body | Dr. Jason Lowenstein

  https://jasonlowensteinmd.com/8-ways-scoliosis-can-affect-the-body/

  Scoliosis can arise from a variety of causesmost of which are unknown (or idiopathic). […] However, some researchers now believe that low levels of certain female hormonesparticularly progesteronemay actually cause scoliosis. […] Scoliosis can interfere with your ability to take full, deep breaths. […] Scoliosis can affect the body in unusual ways. […] In individuals with scoliosis, an S-shaped curve appears where it should notsnaking from the left to the right side of the torso (or vice versa). […] Compression of the stomach and intestines due to scoliosis can result in the following digestive issues: […] Scoliosis prevents the recirculation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to your brain. […] As the Cobb angle increases, the impact on non-skeletal organs also increases.

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