Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Epidemiology, Biology, Treatment, and Prevention of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6307658/

  Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a highly heterogeneous disease. It presents in a variety of ways and may or may not progress to invasive cancer, which poses challenges for both diagnosis and treatment. […] Approximately 50000 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are diagnosed in the United States each year. The term DCIS encompasses a highly heterogeneous group of lesions that differ in their clinical presentation, histologic and biologic features, and outcome. […] The ECOG-ACRIN DCIS 4112 study aims to identify women with DCIS who may be managed less aggressively without sacrificing excellent outcomes. This study investigates the use of preoperative breast MRI and its impact on surgical treatment decisions. […] Understanding the mechanisms of escape in DCIS, which might be immune-mediated, may lead to more options for prevention.

• #2 Reframing DCIS as an Opportunity for Cancer Prevention – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/issues/march-10-2024/reframing-dcis-as-an-opportunity-for-cancer-prevention/

  Ductal carcinoma in situ, or DCIS, represents an early and preinvasive stage of the disease. It is often referred to as stage 0 breast cancer, and, in 2023, it is estimated that more than 55,000 women in the United States were diagnosed with this disease. […] The vast majority of DCIS cases are hormone-driven and are not likely regulated by the immune system. […] What if DCIS is a gateway for prevention and allows us to determine whose DCIS can be made to go away with a course of endocrine treatments that reduce the risk of getting a cancer in either breast? […] It is incumbent upon us to investigate and provide more personalized treatment options for our patients. […] Thankfully, the landscape of treatment for DCIS is evolving. […] We know that women who are diagnosed with DCIS are likely at an increased risk over their lifetime of developing an invasive breast cancer. Thus, an intervention to reduce that risk, especially one with few side effects, may allow us to prevent the development of any invasive disease, potentially sparing women from unnecessary, irreversible treatment.

• #3 Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dcis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371889

  Ductal carcinoma in situ is a very early form of breast cancer. In ductal carcinoma in situ, the cancer cells are confined inside a milk duct in the breast. The cancer cells haven’t spread into the breast tissue. […] DCIS has a low risk of spreading and becoming life-threatening. However, it does require an evaluation and a consideration of treatment options. […] Making changes in your daily life may help lower your risk of ductal carcinoma in situ. This early form of breast cancer also is called DCIS. To lower your risk of breast cancer, try to: […] Talk with your doctor or other healthcare professional about when to begin breast cancer screening. Ask about the benefits and risks of screening. Together, you can decide what breast cancer screening tests are right for you. […] You may choose to become familiar with your breasts by occasionally inspecting them during a breast self-exam for breast awareness. If you find a new change, lumps or other unusual signs in your breasts, tell a healthcare professional right away.

• #4 Ductal carcinoma in situ: to treat or not to treat, that is the question | British Journal of Cancer

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-019-0478-6

  Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) now represents 20-25% of all breast cancers consequent upon detection by population-based breast cancer screening programmes. […] However, most DCIS lesions remain indolent. […] To counter overtreatment and to transform clinical practice, a global, comprehensive and multidisciplinary collaboration is required. […] Further research is needed to gain new insights for improved diagnosis and management of DCIS, and this is integrated in the PRECISION (PREvent ductal Carcinoma In Situ Invasive Overtreatment Now) initiative. […] This international effort will seek to determine which DCISs require treatment and prevent the consequences of overtreatment on the lives of many women affected by DCIS. […] Regrettably, current therapeutic approaches result in overtreatment of some women with DCIS.

• #5 Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Treatment in Delhi, India | Symptoms & Causes

  https://www.blkmaxhospital.com/our-specialities/breast-cancer/conditions-treatments/ductal-carcinoma-in-situ

  By following these preventive measures, individuals can take proactive steps towards reducing their risk of developing ductal carcinoma in situ and other forms of breast cancer. […] One of the most effective ways to prevent and detect ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) early is through regular screenings. By scheduling routine mammograms, usually starting at age 40 or earlier for those with a family history of breast cancer, women increase their chances of catching DCIS in its early stages. […] Making certain lifestyle changes can also contribute to the prevention of DCIS. Here are some steps individuals can take: […] Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, including DCIS. By maintaining a healthy weight through proper diet and exercise, individuals can reduce their risk.

• #6 Patient education – Breast Cancer – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/breast-cancer/patient-education

  Ductal carcinoma in situ (also known as intraductal carcinoma) is the most common type of non-invasive breast cancer. DCIS means that the cancer cells are inside the ducts but have not spread through the walls of the ducts into the surrounding breast tissue. […] About 1 out of 5 new breast cancer cases will be DCIS. Nearly all women diagnosed at this early stage of breast cancer can be cured. A mammogram is often the best way to find DCIS early. […] Women at increased risk (for example, family history, genetic tendency, past breast cancer) should talk with their doctors about the benefits and limitations of starting mammography screening earlier, having additional tests (for example, breast ultrasound or MRI) or having more frequent exams. […] The High Risk Program at the UF Breast Center not only identifies women at a higher risk level but also provides individualized preventive care to reduce that risk. The program, led by UF medical oncologist Dr. Karen Daily, aims to ensure early detection and prevention. […] Individualized risk assessment and creation of a unique plan, which may include: Digital mammography, Breast MRI, Genetic counseling and testing, Chemoprevention, Lifestyle modification, Risk-reducing surgery and reconstruction.

• #7 Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17869-ductal-carcinoma-in-situ-dcis

  Many of the risk factors for DCIS arent preventable. Still, you can improve your chance of curing DCIS by catching it early. Most women should start receiving yearly mammograms at age 40. […] Talk to your provider about how often you should get a mammogram based on your risk factors.

• #8 Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dcis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371889

  Ductal carcinoma in situ is a very early form of breast cancer. In ductal carcinoma in situ, the cancer cells are confined inside a milk duct in the breast. The cancer cells haven’t spread into the breast tissue. […] DCIS has a low risk of spreading and becoming life-threatening. However, it does require an evaluation and a consideration of treatment options. […] Making changes in your daily life may help lower your risk of ductal carcinoma in situ. This early form of breast cancer also is called DCIS. To lower your risk of breast cancer, try to: […] Talk with your doctor or other healthcare professional about when to begin breast cancer screening. Ask about the benefits and risks of screening. Together, you can decide what breast cancer screening tests are right for you. […] You may choose to become familiar with your breasts by occasionally inspecting them during a breast self-exam for breast awareness. If you find a new change, lumps or other unusual signs in your breasts, tell a healthcare professional right away.

• #9 Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/ductal-carcinoma-in-situ-dcis

  Making changes in your daily life may help lower your risk of ductal carcinoma in situ. This early form of breast cancer also is called DCIS. To lower your risk of breast cancer, try to: […] Talk with your doctor or other healthcare professional about when to begin breast cancer screening. Ask about the benefits and risks of screening. Together, you can decide what breast cancer screening tests are right for you. […] You may choose to become familiar with your breasts by occasionally inspecting them during a breast self-exam for breast awareness. If you find a new change, lumps or other unusual signs in your breasts, tell a healthcare professional right away. […] If you choose to drink alcohol, limit the amount you drink to no more than one drink a day. For breast cancer prevention, there is no safe amount of alcohol. So if you’re very concerned about your breast cancer risk, you may choose to not drink alcohol.

• #10 Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dcis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371889

  Ductal carcinoma in situ is a very early form of breast cancer. In ductal carcinoma in situ, the cancer cells are confined inside a milk duct in the breast. The cancer cells haven’t spread into the breast tissue. […] DCIS has a low risk of spreading and becoming life-threatening. However, it does require an evaluation and a consideration of treatment options. […] Making changes in your daily life may help lower your risk of ductal carcinoma in situ. This early form of breast cancer also is called DCIS. To lower your risk of breast cancer, try to: […] Talk with your doctor or other healthcare professional about when to begin breast cancer screening. Ask about the benefits and risks of screening. Together, you can decide what breast cancer screening tests are right for you. […] You may choose to become familiar with your breasts by occasionally inspecting them during a breast self-exam for breast awareness. If you find a new change, lumps or other unusual signs in your breasts, tell a healthcare professional right away.

• #11 Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/ductal-carcinoma-in-situ-dcis

  Making changes in your daily life may help lower your risk of ductal carcinoma in situ. This early form of breast cancer also is called DCIS. To lower your risk of breast cancer, try to: […] Talk with your doctor or other healthcare professional about when to begin breast cancer screening. Ask about the benefits and risks of screening. Together, you can decide what breast cancer screening tests are right for you. […] You may choose to become familiar with your breasts by occasionally inspecting them during a breast self-exam for breast awareness. If you find a new change, lumps or other unusual signs in your breasts, tell a healthcare professional right away. […] If you choose to drink alcohol, limit the amount you drink to no more than one drink a day. For breast cancer prevention, there is no safe amount of alcohol. So if you’re very concerned about your breast cancer risk, you may choose to not drink alcohol.

• #12 Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Treatment in Delhi, India | Symptoms & Causes

  https://www.blkmaxhospital.com/our-specialities/breast-cancer/conditions-treatments/ductal-carcinoma-in-situ

  By following these preventive measures, individuals can take proactive steps towards reducing their risk of developing ductal carcinoma in situ and other forms of breast cancer. […] One of the most effective ways to prevent and detect ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) early is through regular screenings. By scheduling routine mammograms, usually starting at age 40 or earlier for those with a family history of breast cancer, women increase their chances of catching DCIS in its early stages. […] Making certain lifestyle changes can also contribute to the prevention of DCIS. Here are some steps individuals can take: […] Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, including DCIS. By maintaining a healthy weight through proper diet and exercise, individuals can reduce their risk.

• #13 Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) and Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) Breast Cancer

  https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/ductal-carcinoma-invasive-in-situ

  Ductal Carcinoma Prevention […] Some risk factors for breast cancer, such as your family history, cant be changed. But there are lifestyle choices you can make to help lower your risk of getting breast cancer. These include: […] Limiting or avoiding alcohol […] Maintaining a healthy weight […] Staying active aim for 150 minutes a week of cardio (such as walking, biking, or running) and strength training at least twice a week […] Quitting smoking […] Eating a healthy diet (such as the Mediterranean diet) […] Breastfeeding after having a baby […] Discussing your family history with your doctor and, if recommended, having genetic testing […] Limiting hormone replacement therapy after menopause (This is different from hormone therapy used after breast cancer.)

• #14 Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/ductal-carcinoma-in-situ-dcis

  Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise on most days of the week. If you haven’t been active lately, ask your healthcare professional whether exercising is OK and start slowly. […] Combination hormone therapy may increase the risk of breast cancer. Talk with a healthcare professional about the benefits and risks of hormone therapy. […] If your weight is healthy, work to maintain that weight. If you need to lose weight, ask a healthcare professional about healthy ways to lower your weight. Eat fewer calories and slowly increase the amount you exercise.

• #15 Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) and Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) Breast Cancer

  https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/ductal-carcinoma-invasive-in-situ

  Ductal Carcinoma Prevention […] Some risk factors for breast cancer, such as your family history, cant be changed. But there are lifestyle choices you can make to help lower your risk of getting breast cancer. These include: […] Limiting or avoiding alcohol […] Maintaining a healthy weight […] Staying active aim for 150 minutes a week of cardio (such as walking, biking, or running) and strength training at least twice a week […] Quitting smoking […] Eating a healthy diet (such as the Mediterranean diet) […] Breastfeeding after having a baby […] Discussing your family history with your doctor and, if recommended, having genetic testing […] Limiting hormone replacement therapy after menopause (This is different from hormone therapy used after breast cancer.)

• #16 Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/ductal-carcinoma-in-situ-dcis

  Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise on most days of the week. If you haven’t been active lately, ask your healthcare professional whether exercising is OK and start slowly. […] Combination hormone therapy may increase the risk of breast cancer. Talk with a healthcare professional about the benefits and risks of hormone therapy. […] If your weight is healthy, work to maintain that weight. If you need to lose weight, ask a healthcare professional about healthy ways to lower your weight. Eat fewer calories and slowly increase the amount you exercise.

• #17 Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS): What to Know About | Banner

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/services/cancer/cancer-type/breast-cancer/symptoms-and-types/dcis

  Early detection is important because DCIS could develop into invasive breast cancer if it isnt treated. By catching DCIS early, health care providers can treat it and prevent it from spreading. […] You cant completely prevent DCIS, but you can take these steps to reduce your risk of developing breast cancer and catch it early: […] Maintain a healthy weight, since obesity has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. Eat healthy meals rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts and seeds. […] Limit alcohol. Drinking alcohol in any amount can increase the risk of breast cancer. […] Stay physically active to lower your overall cancer risk and improve your health. […] Breastfeed, if possible. Breastfeeding may reduce your risk of breast cancer. […] If you have a family history of breast cancer, consider genetic counseling to understand your risk. Genetic testing can help identify genetic mutations that may increase your odds of breast cancer.

• #18 Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dcis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371889

  If you choose to drink alcohol, limit the amount you drink to no more than one drink a day. For breast cancer prevention, there is no safe amount of alcohol. So if you’re very concerned about your breast cancer risk, you may choose to not drink alcohol. […] Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise on most days of the week. If you haven’t been active lately, ask your healthcare professional whether exercising is OK and start slowly. […] Combination hormone therapy may increase the risk of breast cancer. Talk with a healthcare professional about the benefits and risks of hormone therapy. […] If your weight is healthy, work to maintain that weight. If you need to lose weight, ask a healthcare professional about healthy ways to lower your weight. Eat fewer calories and slowly increase the amount you exercise.

• #19 Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/ductal-carcinoma-in-situ-dcis

  Making changes in your daily life may help lower your risk of ductal carcinoma in situ. This early form of breast cancer also is called DCIS. To lower your risk of breast cancer, try to: […] Talk with your doctor or other healthcare professional about when to begin breast cancer screening. Ask about the benefits and risks of screening. Together, you can decide what breast cancer screening tests are right for you. […] You may choose to become familiar with your breasts by occasionally inspecting them during a breast self-exam for breast awareness. If you find a new change, lumps or other unusual signs in your breasts, tell a healthcare professional right away. […] If you choose to drink alcohol, limit the amount you drink to no more than one drink a day. For breast cancer prevention, there is no safe amount of alcohol. So if you’re very concerned about your breast cancer risk, you may choose to not drink alcohol.

• #20 Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Treatment in Delhi, India | Symptoms & Causes

  https://www.blkmaxhospital.com/our-specialities/breast-cancer/conditions-treatments/ductal-carcinoma-in-situ

  Limit alcohol consumption: Studies have shown that excessive alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. To lower the risk, it is advisable to limit alcohol intake or avoid it altogether. […] Stay physically active: Engaging in regular physical activity not only helps maintain a healthy weight but also reduces the risk of breast cancer. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. […] For individuals with a family history of breast cancer or known genetic mutations, genetic counseling can be beneficial. Genetic counselors can assess an individual’s risk factors and provide guidance on preventive measures. They may recommend additional screenings or even genetic testing to identify specific gene mutations associated with an increased risk of DCIS.

• #21 Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) and Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) Breast Cancer

  https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/ductal-carcinoma-invasive-in-situ

  Ductal Carcinoma Prevention […] Some risk factors for breast cancer, such as your family history, cant be changed. But there are lifestyle choices you can make to help lower your risk of getting breast cancer. These include: […] Limiting or avoiding alcohol […] Maintaining a healthy weight […] Staying active aim for 150 minutes a week of cardio (such as walking, biking, or running) and strength training at least twice a week […] Quitting smoking […] Eating a healthy diet (such as the Mediterranean diet) […] Breastfeeding after having a baby […] Discussing your family history with your doctor and, if recommended, having genetic testing […] Limiting hormone replacement therapy after menopause (This is different from hormone therapy used after breast cancer.)

• #22 Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS): What to Know About | Banner

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/services/cancer/cancer-type/breast-cancer/symptoms-and-types/dcis

  Early detection is important because DCIS could develop into invasive breast cancer if it isnt treated. By catching DCIS early, health care providers can treat it and prevent it from spreading. […] You cant completely prevent DCIS, but you can take these steps to reduce your risk of developing breast cancer and catch it early: […] Maintain a healthy weight, since obesity has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. Eat healthy meals rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts and seeds. […] Limit alcohol. Drinking alcohol in any amount can increase the risk of breast cancer. […] Stay physically active to lower your overall cancer risk and improve your health. […] Breastfeed, if possible. Breastfeeding may reduce your risk of breast cancer. […] If you have a family history of breast cancer, consider genetic counseling to understand your risk. Genetic testing can help identify genetic mutations that may increase your odds of breast cancer.

• #23 Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) Treatment | Susan G. Komen®

  https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/treatment/by-diagnosis/dcis/

  DCIS is treated to try to prevent the development of invasive breast cancer. […] Without treatment, the abnormal cells could progress to invasive breast cancer over time. […] Almost all cases are treated because DCIS might progress to invasive breast cancer. […] Surgery is recommended as the first step to treat DCIS. […] After surgery, some people will have radiation therapy, and some may take hormone therapy. […] The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends women who are treated with a lumpectomy for hormone receptor-positive DCIS consider taking hormone therapy (tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor) for 5 years. […] In women treated with a lumpectomy and radiation therapy for DCIS, studies have shown hormone therapy can lower the risk of DCIS recurrence and invasive breast cancer.

• #24 Prevention of invasive breast cancer in women with ductal carcinoma in situ: an update of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project experience – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11498833/

  The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) conducted two sequential randomized clinical trials to aid in resolving uncertainty about the treatment of women with small, localized, mammographically detected ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). […] The findings in this report continue to demonstrate through 12 years of follow-up that radiation after lumpectomy reduces the incidence rate of all IBTRs by 58%. […] They also demonstrate that the administration of TAM after lumpectomy and radiation therapy results in a significant decrease in the rate of all breast cancer events, particularly in invasive cancer. […] Thus, if it is accepted from the P-1 findings that women at increased risk for invasive cancer are candidates for an intervention such as TAM, then it would seem that women with a history of DCIS should also be considered for such therapy in addition to radiation therapy. […] It does suggest, however, that, in the treatment of DCIS, the appropriate use of current and better therapeutic agents that become available could diminish the significance of breast cancer as a public health problem.

• #25 Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) Treatment | Susan G. Komen®

  https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/treatment/by-diagnosis/dcis/

  DCIS is treated to try to prevent the development of invasive breast cancer. […] Without treatment, the abnormal cells could progress to invasive breast cancer over time. […] Almost all cases are treated because DCIS might progress to invasive breast cancer. […] Surgery is recommended as the first step to treat DCIS. […] After surgery, some people will have radiation therapy, and some may take hormone therapy. […] The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends women who are treated with a lumpectomy for hormone receptor-positive DCIS consider taking hormone therapy (tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor) for 5 years. […] In women treated with a lumpectomy and radiation therapy for DCIS, studies have shown hormone therapy can lower the risk of DCIS recurrence and invasive breast cancer.

• #26 Adjuvant Tamoxifen May Reduce Recurrence Risk for Patients with ‘Good-risk’ DCIS Who Forgo Radiation | News Releases | AACR

  https://www.aacr.org/about-the-aacr/newsroom/news-releases/adjuvant-tamoxifen-may-reduce-recurrence-risk-for-patients-with-good-risk-dcis-who-forgo-radiation/

  For patients with good-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) who underwent breast-conserving surgery and did not receive radiotherapy, tamoxifen significantly decreased the risk of recurrence in the same breast, according to results presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS), held December 10-13, 2024. […] Current guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) advise that patients who undergo breast-conserving surgery after a diagnosis of hormone receptor-positive DCIS consider tamoxifen after surgery, whether or not they concurrently receive radiotherapy. […] The estimated 15-year risk of ipsilateral recurrence was 11.4% for patients treated with tamoxifen and 19% for patients who did not receive tamoxifen, a statistically significant difference. […] When adjusted for DCIS size, patients who received tamoxifen were 44% less likely to experience an ipsilateral recurrence than patients who did not receive tamoxifen.

• #27 Estrogen blocker drug following surgery may reduce the risk of DCIS recurrence – UNC Lineberger

  https://unclineberger.org/news/estrogen-blocker-drug-following-surgery-may-reduce-the-risk-of-dcis-recurrence/

  Breast-conserving surgery paired with the estrogen-blocking drug tamoxifen reduced the chances of low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a non-invasive breast cancer, from recurring in the same breast, according to findings drawn from two large consortium clinical trials. […] In this analysis of 878 participants who formed a subset of those enrolled in either the NRG/RTOG 9804 or the ECOG-ACRIN E5194 clinical trials and did not receive radiation, the researchers found that post-surgical DCIS patients with a good risk who received tamoxifen were 44% less likely to have any recurrence of cancer in their treated breast compared to those who didn’t receive tamoxifen. […] This study confirms the ability of post-surgical tamoxifen to reduce an invasive recurrence in the absence of radiotherapy.

• #28 Adjuvant Tamoxifen May Reduce Recurrence Risk for Patients with ‘Good-risk’ DCIS Who Forgo Radiation | News Releases | AACR

  https://www.aacr.org/about-the-aacr/newsroom/news-releases/adjuvant-tamoxifen-may-reduce-recurrence-risk-for-patients-with-good-risk-dcis-who-forgo-radiation/

  For patients with good-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) who underwent breast-conserving surgery and did not receive radiotherapy, tamoxifen significantly decreased the risk of recurrence in the same breast, according to results presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS), held December 10-13, 2024. […] Current guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) advise that patients who undergo breast-conserving surgery after a diagnosis of hormone receptor-positive DCIS consider tamoxifen after surgery, whether or not they concurrently receive radiotherapy. […] The estimated 15-year risk of ipsilateral recurrence was 11.4% for patients treated with tamoxifen and 19% for patients who did not receive tamoxifen, a statistically significant difference. […] When adjusted for DCIS size, patients who received tamoxifen were 44% less likely to experience an ipsilateral recurrence than patients who did not receive tamoxifen.

• #29 Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) and Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) Breast Cancer

  https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/ductal-carcinoma-invasive-in-situ

  Hormone therapy is considered an additional (adjuvant) treatment to be given after surgery or radiation. The drug tamoxifen can be taken for up to 5 years to reduce your risk of having invasive breast cancer, whether you are premenopausal or postmenopausal. If you’re postmenopausal, you may also be offered hormone therapy with medicines called aromatase inhibitors. These drugs reduce the amount of estrogen your body produces and can be taken for up to 5 years.

• #30

  http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/books/breast/management/systemic-management-introduction

  The role of adjuvant aromatase inhibitors is not clearly established. A randomized study of adjuvant tamoxifen versus anastrozole in women with DCIS treated with lumpectomy showed that anastrozole offers a similar degree of benefit and similar number of side effects as tamoxifen, although the side effect profile differed.

• #31 Ductal Carcinoma In Situ | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/117651/all/Ductal_Carcinoma_In_Situ?q=Weakness

  Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a heterogeneous group of premalignant lesions that have the presence of neoplastic, clonal proliferation of noninvasive epithelial cells confined to ducts and lobules. […] Screening may result in overdiagnosis with little or no reduction in the incidence of advanced cancers. […] Risk reduction: Limit alcohol intake to 1 drink per day, exercise, maintain a healthy diet, and weight control. […] Calcium (1,000 mg) plus vitamin D (1,000 IU) may lower risk of DCIS. […] Hormonal risk reduction agents recommended in certain high-risk women 35 years old; tamoxifen for premenopausal women and raloxifene for postmenopausal women. […] Anastrozole (an aromatase inhibitor) may significantly decrease incidence of DCIS in postmenopausal women.

• #32 Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Treatment in Delhi, India | Symptoms & Causes

  https://www.blkmaxhospital.com/our-specialities/breast-cancer/conditions-treatments/ductal-carcinoma-in-situ

  Limit alcohol consumption: Studies have shown that excessive alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. To lower the risk, it is advisable to limit alcohol intake or avoid it altogether. […] Stay physically active: Engaging in regular physical activity not only helps maintain a healthy weight but also reduces the risk of breast cancer. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. […] For individuals with a family history of breast cancer or known genetic mutations, genetic counseling can be beneficial. Genetic counselors can assess an individual’s risk factors and provide guidance on preventive measures. They may recommend additional screenings or even genetic testing to identify specific gene mutations associated with an increased risk of DCIS.

• #33 Patient education – Breast Cancer – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/breast-cancer/patient-education

  Ductal carcinoma in situ (also known as intraductal carcinoma) is the most common type of non-invasive breast cancer. DCIS means that the cancer cells are inside the ducts but have not spread through the walls of the ducts into the surrounding breast tissue. […] About 1 out of 5 new breast cancer cases will be DCIS. Nearly all women diagnosed at this early stage of breast cancer can be cured. A mammogram is often the best way to find DCIS early. […] Women at increased risk (for example, family history, genetic tendency, past breast cancer) should talk with their doctors about the benefits and limitations of starting mammography screening earlier, having additional tests (for example, breast ultrasound or MRI) or having more frequent exams. […] The High Risk Program at the UF Breast Center not only identifies women at a higher risk level but also provides individualized preventive care to reduce that risk. The program, led by UF medical oncologist Dr. Karen Daily, aims to ensure early detection and prevention. […] Individualized risk assessment and creation of a unique plan, which may include: Digital mammography, Breast MRI, Genetic counseling and testing, Chemoprevention, Lifestyle modification, Risk-reducing surgery and reconstruction.

• #34 Patient education – Breast Cancer – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/breast-cancer/patient-education

  Ductal carcinoma in situ (also known as intraductal carcinoma) is the most common type of non-invasive breast cancer. DCIS means that the cancer cells are inside the ducts but have not spread through the walls of the ducts into the surrounding breast tissue. […] About 1 out of 5 new breast cancer cases will be DCIS. Nearly all women diagnosed at this early stage of breast cancer can be cured. A mammogram is often the best way to find DCIS early. […] Women at increased risk (for example, family history, genetic tendency, past breast cancer) should talk with their doctors about the benefits and limitations of starting mammography screening earlier, having additional tests (for example, breast ultrasound or MRI) or having more frequent exams. […] The High Risk Program at the UF Breast Center not only identifies women at a higher risk level but also provides individualized preventive care to reduce that risk. The program, led by UF medical oncologist Dr. Karen Daily, aims to ensure early detection and prevention. […] Individualized risk assessment and creation of a unique plan, which may include: Digital mammography, Breast MRI, Genetic counseling and testing, Chemoprevention, Lifestyle modification, Risk-reducing surgery and reconstruction.

• #35 Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS): What to Know About | Banner

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/services/cancer/cancer-type/breast-cancer/symptoms-and-types/dcis

  Talk with your health care provider about when you should begin regular breast cancer screening and how often you should be tested. […] If you believe that you might have an elevated risk of developing breast cancer, consider a consultation at the High-Risk Breast Cancer Clinic to discuss intensive screening options and strategies to reduce your cancer risk.

• #36 Ductal carcinoma in situ: to treat or not to treat, that is the question | British Journal of Cancer

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-019-0478-6

  Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) now represents 20-25% of all breast cancers consequent upon detection by population-based breast cancer screening programmes. […] However, most DCIS lesions remain indolent. […] To counter overtreatment and to transform clinical practice, a global, comprehensive and multidisciplinary collaboration is required. […] Further research is needed to gain new insights for improved diagnosis and management of DCIS, and this is integrated in the PRECISION (PREvent ductal Carcinoma In Situ Invasive Overtreatment Now) initiative. […] This international effort will seek to determine which DCISs require treatment and prevent the consequences of overtreatment on the lives of many women affected by DCIS. […] Regrettably, current therapeutic approaches result in overtreatment of some women with DCIS.

• #37 Ductal carcinoma in situ: to treat or not to treat, that is the question | British Journal of Cancer

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-019-0478-6

  The PRECISION initiative ultimately aims to develop novel tests that promote informed and shared decision-making between patients and clinicians, without compromising the excellent outcomes for DCIS management that are presently achieved. […] Current perceptions of the risk-framing dialogue between clinicians and women diagnosed with DCIS are currently resulting in the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of DCIS. […] The need to reframe perceptions of risk and to avoid overtreatment is urgent, as overtreatment leads to physical and emotional harm for patients and to unnecessary costs for society.

• #38 Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): 7 things to know | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/ductal-carcinoma-in-situ–dcis—7-things-to-know.h00-159616278.html

  DCIS is the same thing as stage 0 breast cancer. […] The standard of care for DCIS is to do surgery first. […] Typically, you shouldnt need chemotherapy after a DCIS diagnosis, since surgery alone is usually enough to render someone cancer-free. […] We have a cancer prevention center here that can help you identify ways to reduce your risk, including lifestyle and screening protocols. […] This clinical trial which stands for Comparing an Operation to Monitoring, With or Without Endocrine Therapy is looking at whether patients with low-risk DCIS can delay or avoid surgery altogether with medication or endocrine therapy, plus closer observation.

• #39 Study Reveals Short Term Safety of Active Monitoring for DCIS | Duke Health

  https://corporate.dukehealth.org/news/study-reveals-short-term-safety-active-monitoring-dcis

  DURHAM, N.C. The first study comparing surgery to active monitoring as treatment for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) finds women who carefully monitor the precancerous cells are no more likely to develop breast cancer after two years than women who undergo surgery to remove them. […] The early results of the Comparing an Operation to Monitoring with or without Endocrine Therapy (COMET) study suggest women and their doctors may consider active monitoring as a safe, less-aggressive alternative for treating low-risk DCIS. […] Active monitoring is an alternative to surgery and radiation that involves performing mammograms routinely to check for early changes. […] Many women wonder Do I really need to do this to myself? when theyre faced with surgery and possibly radiation to remove DCIS, Hwang said. These early results from our study give us reassurance that active monitoring is safe in the short term and that the cancers that are diagnosed during active monitoring are detected at an early stage.

• #40 UCSF Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Trial → DCIS: RECAST Trial Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Re-Evaluating Conditions for Active Surveillance Suitability as Treatment

  https://clinicaltrials.ucsf.edu/trial/NCT06075953

  The goal of this trial is to see if active surveillance monitoring and hormonal therapy in patients diagnosed with ductal cell carcinoma in situ (DCIS), an early stage of breast cancer, can be an effective management of the disease. […] The main question this study aims to answer is: to determine whether novel endocrine therapy increases the fraction of patients who will be suitable for long-term active surveillance. […] The current management of most patients with DCIS involves surgical intervention with or without radiation, similar to more aggressive breast cancers. These treatments can come with some significant health effects.

• #41 Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) and Microinvasive DCIS: Role of Surgery in Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/9/1324

  Ductal carcinoma in situ is a group of diversified premalignant breast lesions, representing a nonmandatory precursor of invasive BC. With the widespread application of population-based BC screening programs and digitalised imaging, the incidence of DCIS has progressively increased and now accounts for 20 to 25% of newly diagnosed breast cancers. Mammography for BC screening detects around 35% of DCIS in asymptomatic women. According to the American Cancer Society, over 50,000 cases of female breast ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed in 2022 have been predicted in the United States. Because of the complexity and polyhedrality of DCIS lesions in terms of their biological and pathological features, uncertainty exists regarding how and which DCIS lesions will develop into invasive cancer, and several models have been proposed to explain this progression. However, at present, all out-of-trial patients diagnosed with breast DCIS are initially treated with surgery, followed by adjuvant treatments, including radiotherapy or hormone therapy, if needed. Considering that patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ have a reported excellent 10-year overall survival (80–90%), a high rate of overtreated patients could benefit from less aggressive treatments. Albeit a specific subgroup of patients who could be appropriately treated with excision alone is yet to be identified, the risk of overtreatment is the primary concern since a proportion of DCIS never progresses to invasive BC. Nowadays, there is a growing impulse to unburden the management of ductal carcinoma in situ, including a possible nonoperative approach for low-grade and intermediate-grade DCIS (low-risk DCIS). Indeed, several clinical trials are looking at the decision-making process of low-risk DCIS patients with active surveillance instead of traditional treatment, such as Comparison of Operative versus Monitoring and Endocrine Therapy (COMET), the United States, which is planned to complete accrual by July 2023, (LORIS) United Kingdom, (LORD) Europe, and (LORETTA) Japan.

• #42 Breast Cancer Prevention – Parsemus Foundation

  https://www.parsemus.org/humanhealth/breast-cancer-prevention/

  Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is cells from the milk ducts that have become cancerous but have not spread. […] Doctors have questioned the current aggressive treatment options, and intraductal evaluation and treatment options may be better options. […] Since only a portion of DCIS cases progress to invasive breast cancer, treatment plans need to be tailored to the individual by carefully evaluating risks on a case-by-case basis. […] More research on less invasive, intraductal approaches will help provide additional options for those diagnosed with DCIS. […] The Parsemus Foundation advocates for non-invasive and simple approaches to complex health issues, and supports the intraductal approach for preventing, evaluating and treating breast cancer. […] Increasing evidence suggests that evaluating and even treating DCIS through the breast ducts can be an effective nonsurgical alternative.

• #43 Breast Cancer Prevention – Parsemus Foundation

  https://www.parsemus.org/humanhealth/breast-cancer-prevention/

  Intraductal lavage involves flushing the mammary ducts and collecting the fluid for analysis of the cells. […] Mammary ductoscopy (threading a tiny endoscope into the breast ducts) is a noninvasive method that can help to visualize and sample lesions. […] Intraductal infusion is a method to put therapeutic agents directly into the duct system, where most breast cancers originate. […] If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with DCIS, review the references here to learn more about the risks and benefits of different treatment options. […] Be sure to ask your physician about molecular profiling (to determine if you are in a low-risk group) and intraductal approaches that might help you avoid more aggressive treatment options.

• #44 DCIS Cryoablation Study | Helen Rey Breast Cancer Research Foundation

  https://helenreybreastcancerfoundation.com/dcis-cryoablation-study

  Nearly every invasive breast cancer begins its life as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), which is commonly called pre-invasive breast cancer or non-invasive breast cancer. If not for the risk of invasive cancer and its potential to metastasize, surgical removal of DCIS would be completely unnecessary. Cryoablation or tumor freezing is a minimally invasive office procedure that has the potential to replace surgery as an invasive cancer prevention option for women with small areas of DCIS. […] In this study, eligible women will undergo cryoablation of DCIS instead of surgery. […] The need for radiation and/or anti-cancer medications will be determined by your personal oncologist. All study participants are expected to continue annual mammograms. […] This study will enroll up to 30 patients.

• #45 DCIS Cryoablation Study | Helen Rey Breast Cancer Research Foundation

  https://helenreybreastcancerfoundation.com/dcis-cryoablation-study

  DCIS spanning 2 cm or less based on its radiographic appearance by mammography and/or breast contrast-enhanced MRI. […] No prior history of DCIS or invasive breast cancer in the same breast. […] No history of surgical biopsy and/or lumpectomy for diagnosis/treatment in the same breast. […] Non-pregnant, non-lactating, and no history of pregnancy within the preceding 6 months. […] No history of breast radiation in the same breast. […] Cryoablation must be performed by Dr. Holmes. […] Follow-up medication and radiation to be individualized and determined by treating physician(s).

• #46 Epidemiology, Biology, Treatment, and Prevention of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6307658/

  Vaccination may be most effective in DCIS and atypical ductal hyperplasia before tumor cells are genetically unstable and rapidly dividing. […] The main limitation of current prevention studies is that outcomes may be rare, and time to events can be prolonged; thus it may take many years for definitive conclusions to be drawn from these studies. […] Challenges identified during our group discussion included the heterogeneity in DCIS samples, which raises many issues related to the use of limited core biopsy samples and the need for fresh tissue to continue studying the underlying biology of progression of DCIS. Further, prevention trials have many challenges including historically low accrual, need for long-term treatment and follow-up, and well-studied but not lucrative drugs leading to high clinical trial costs. […] It is hoped that the lessons learned in DCIS research will inform an overall framework of how to rationally address the issues posed by cancer screening and early detection, not only for breast cancer but for other screen-detected cancers.

• #47 Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS)—Stage 0 Breast Cancer Symptoms, Prognosis, and Treatment

  https://www.health.com/condition/breast-cancer/dcis-breast-cancer

  Patients diagnosed with DCIS may one day get a vaccine to help reduce their risk of developing invasive breast cancer in the future. […] More clinical trials are underway, but researchers have been hoping that a vaccine may be able to stimulate the immune system and keep early DCIS from progressing beyond the milk duct. If trials are successful, experts said it could eventually be an alternative to surgery and radiation for some patients.

• #48 Reframing DCIS as an Opportunity for Cancer Prevention – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/issues/march-10-2024/reframing-dcis-as-an-opportunity-for-cancer-prevention/

  Ductal carcinoma in situ, or DCIS, represents an early and preinvasive stage of the disease. It is often referred to as stage 0 breast cancer, and, in 2023, it is estimated that more than 55,000 women in the United States were diagnosed with this disease. […] The vast majority of DCIS cases are hormone-driven and are not likely regulated by the immune system. […] What if DCIS is a gateway for prevention and allows us to determine whose DCIS can be made to go away with a course of endocrine treatments that reduce the risk of getting a cancer in either breast? […] It is incumbent upon us to investigate and provide more personalized treatment options for our patients. […] Thankfully, the landscape of treatment for DCIS is evolving. […] We know that women who are diagnosed with DCIS are likely at an increased risk over their lifetime of developing an invasive breast cancer. Thus, an intervention to reduce that risk, especially one with few side effects, may allow us to prevent the development of any invasive disease, potentially sparing women from unnecessary, irreversible treatment.

• #49 Reframing DCIS as an Opportunity for Cancer Prevention – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/issues/march-10-2024/reframing-dcis-as-an-opportunity-for-cancer-prevention/

  Our research findings suggest that DCIS is better thought of as a window of opportunity for prevention rather than as a potentially aggressive disease. […] Telling a woman she has breast cancer is a life-altering diagnosis. To potentially, albeit unknowingly, use those words to describe DCIS and send her down the path of potentially morbid procedures is life-altering as well. It would likely be helpful to women with DCIS to take the word cancer out of the diagnosis, since DCIS, by itself, is not life-threatening. […] Now is the time to find a better path forward for all women with DCIS and to start thinking about the diagnosis as a window of opportunity for prevention.

• #50 Ductal carcinoma in situ: to treat or not to treat, that is the question | British Journal of Cancer

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-019-0478-6

  Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) now represents 20-25% of all breast cancers consequent upon detection by population-based breast cancer screening programmes. […] However, most DCIS lesions remain indolent. […] To counter overtreatment and to transform clinical practice, a global, comprehensive and multidisciplinary collaboration is required. […] Further research is needed to gain new insights for improved diagnosis and management of DCIS, and this is integrated in the PRECISION (PREvent ductal Carcinoma In Situ Invasive Overtreatment Now) initiative. […] This international effort will seek to determine which DCISs require treatment and prevent the consequences of overtreatment on the lives of many women affected by DCIS. […] Regrettably, current therapeutic approaches result in overtreatment of some women with DCIS.

• #51 Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) Research Updates 2020 | BCRF

  https://www.bcrf.org/blog/dcis-stage-0-breast-cancer-research-updates-sabcs-2020/

  Further uncovering the molecular features of DCIS and its surrounding microenvironment is critical both to understand what drives it to become invasive breast cancer and to have indicators of that likelihood. Distinctive biomarkers could become an invaluable tool for clinicians to gauge the risk of DCIS progression to invasive breast cancer and enable them to make more informed decisions about managing individual cases. […] Their observations underscore the complexity of DCIS and the need for more personalized treatment approaches. Multiple other studies were discussed that similarly aim to unravel the biology of DCIS and its surrounding microenvironment, with the majority of work pinpointing genetic and molecular characteristics of DCIS that are correlated with tumor progression.

• #52 Reframing DCIS as an Opportunity for Cancer Prevention – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/issues/march-10-2024/reframing-dcis-as-an-opportunity-for-cancer-prevention/

  Our research findings suggest that DCIS is better thought of as a window of opportunity for prevention rather than as a potentially aggressive disease. […] Telling a woman she has breast cancer is a life-altering diagnosis. To potentially, albeit unknowingly, use those words to describe DCIS and send her down the path of potentially morbid procedures is life-altering as well. It would likely be helpful to women with DCIS to take the word cancer out of the diagnosis, since DCIS, by itself, is not life-threatening. […] Now is the time to find a better path forward for all women with DCIS and to start thinking about the diagnosis as a window of opportunity for prevention.

• #53 Risk of Breast Cancer Death is Low After DCIS Diagnosis – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2015/dcis-low-risk

  Ductal carcinoma in situ, or DCIS, is a noninvasive condition in which abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct. […] A new study suggests that women who are diagnosed with abnormal cells in the lining of a breast duct—a noninvasive condition called ductal carcinoma in situ, or DCIS—generally have a low risk of dying from breast cancer. […] In addition, treating these lesions may help prevent a recurrence in the breast but does not appear to decrease the already-low risk of dying from the disease, even after 20 years of follow-up. […] The finding of greatest clinical importance, the study authors noted, was the observation that preventing the development of invasive breast cancer in women diagnosed with DCIS did not reduce the chances of dying from breast cancer. […] This suggests that what you do locally to treat DCIS may not affect the risk of dying, which is the most important outcome.

• #54 Risk of Breast Cancer Death is Low After DCIS Diagnosis – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2015/dcis-low-risk

  The finding, Drs. Esserman and Yau concluded, suggests that our current approach of surgical removal and radiation therapy may not suffice for the rare cases that lead to breast cancer mortality and thus new approaches are needed. […] Dr. Kramer agreed that new approaches to managing DCIS are needed and said the new results help set the stage for this work. […] We are starting to build the evidence to justify these kinds of studies in DCIS, Dr. Kramer said.

• #55 Treatments for ductal carcinoma in situ | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/treatment/ductal-carcinoma-in-situ-dcis

  The goal of treatment for DCIS is to prevent the cancer from becoming invasive breast cancer. […] Hormone therapy may be offered after BCS for hormone receptor positive DCIS. It can lower the risk of DCIS recurring, or of invasive cancer in that breast and the other breast. […] Hormone therapy may be offered after a mastectomy to lower the risk of cancer in the other breast.

• #56 Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) Program | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/treatment/breast-oncology/programs/ductal-carcinoma-in-situ

  Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the earliest form of breast cancer where the abnormal cells are confined within the milk duct of the breast. […] DCIS is not life-threatening and prognosis is excellent, but having DCIS can increase the risk of developing an invasive breast cancer in the future. […] Understanding which patients with DCIS are at low risk for developing invasive breast cancer and which patients are at high risk is an important goal of the DCIS program. […] It is generally safe for patients to take the time they need to evaluate all of their options and decide if and when surgery or other treatment is right for them. […] All of the treatment options for DCIS are associated with excellent survival rates, including: […] Endocrine (hormonal) therapy: Some DCIS cells are sensitive to estrogen, meaning they use estrogen to grow. This is called estrogen receptor (ER)-positive DCIS. If you have ER-positive DCIS, medication (in pill form) to block estrogen may be recommended to reduce the risk of recurrence in that breast after surgery and to decrease the risk of developing a breast cancer in the other breast.

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