Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Fainting: Causes & First Aid Tips

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21699-fainting

  Fainting is a short-term loss of consciousness. It happens because of a sudden drop in blood flow to your brain. A fainting episode usually lasts a few seconds or minutes. Then, you wake up and return to normal. […] The most common reason for fainting is a sudden drop in blood pressure, which reduces blood flow and oxygen to your brain. There are many reasons why a drop in blood pressure could lead to a temporary loss of consciousness: […] Cardiac syncope: This type of syncope involves fainting because of a heart problem. Many heart conditions can affect how much oxygenated blood your heart can pump to your brain. This type makes up 15% of fainting incidents. […] Carotid sinus syncope: This type of syncope can happen when something pinches or constricts the carotid artery in your neck. The carotid artery is a blood vessel that supplies your brain. This type of fainting can occur when someone wears a very tight collar, stretches or turns their neck too much, or has a bone in their neck that’s pinching their artery.

• #2 Fainting: Causes, diagnosis, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182524

  Fainting, or syncope, is a sudden and temporary loss of consciousness. It usually happens when there is a slight decrease in the amount of oxygen reaching the brain. […] Possible causes include: poor circulation, the use of certain medications, low blood volume, for example, due to dehydration, emotional distress. […] Fainting is not usually serious, but sometimes, it can indicate an underlying medical issue. […] Different underlying conditions can cause a person to faint. […] Neurocardiogenic, or reflex, syncope happens when a temporary problem arises with the autonomous nervous system (ANS). […] In NMS, a drop in blood pressure slows the heartbeat and pulse rate. This temporarily affects the brain’s blood and oxygen supply. […] Around half of all cases of fainting are of this type.

• #3 Syncope – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442006/

  Syncope is caused by decreased cerebral blood flow leading to transient loss of consciousness and postural tone, associated with spontaneous recovery. […] Syncope is a symptom of an underlying disease process rather than a disease itself. […] Although syncope mimics a death-like experience eliciting extreme consternation among both patients and their families, most syncopal events have a benign cause. […] Benign causes of syncope reflect vasovagal (also known as neurocardiogenic), volume depletion, or medication-related etiologies. […] More ominous causes are related to dysrhythmia and valvular abnormalities such as ventricular tachycardia, atrioventricular (AV) block, or critical aortic stenosis. […] A history of left ventricular dysfunction (with concomitant degeneration of the conduction system leading toward a propensity for dysrhythmias) has been found to be the most ominous predictor of an adverse etiology of a syncopal event.

• #4 Syncope: epidemiology, etiology, and prognosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4258989/

  Syncope is a common medical problem, with a frequency between 15% and 39%. […] Among the causes of syncope, the mediated neural reflex, known as neurocardiogenic or vasovagal syncope, is the most frequent. The others are of cardiac origin, orthostatic hypotension, carotid sinus hypersensitivity, neurological and endocrinological causes and psychiatric disorders. […] The main causes of syncope are summarized in Table 1 and will be discussed below. […] The causes are structural heart diseases or conditions that result in decreased cardiac output such as aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, aortic dissection, cardiac tamponade, prosthetic valve thrombosis, cardiac tumors, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism etc. […] Orthostatic or postural hypotension (OH) presents as falls, dizziness, or syncope, resulting in functional impairment, with head injury, bone fractures and hospitalization.

• #5 Syncope – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442006/

  Syncope accounts for around 1 to 3.5% of visits to emergency department visits in the US. […] The brain needs a constant supply of glucose (through adequate cerebral blood flow) to function and any interruption to this even for few seconds can lead to loss of consciousness or syncope. […] Any disease process which decreases blood flow can cause syncope and near syncope. […] The most common cause of syncope is vasovagal and is self-limiting. […] Mental illness and substance abuse should be considered in syncope patients where the etiology of syncope remains unclear.

• #6 Fainting

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/fainting/

  Fainting is sudden brief loss of consciousness with falling down. […] Fainting is a brief loss of consciousness. Normal awareness returns in less than 1 minute if the person is allowed to lie down. […] Causes: in teens, 98% is simple fainting. Less than 1% have heart problems. In older adults, serious causes are much more common. […] Cause of Simple Fainting: decreased blood flow to the brain. […] Most fainting is harmless. There is a risk of a head or face injury from sudden falling. […] Cardiac syncope. Any fainting that happens during exercise needs a heart work-up. This cause is rare in children. […] Simple fainting doesn’t cause any long-term problems. […] Simple fainting is due to a sudden drop in blood flow to the brain. […] Fainting is common and happens in 15% of teens. […] Standing too long in one place is the most common cause of fainting. It’s caused by blood pooling in the legs. […] If you tend to faint, extra water and salt are key. […] Fainting is a frequent problem.

• #7 Syncope – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442006/

  Syncope is caused by decreased cerebral blood flow leading to transient loss of consciousness and postural tone, associated with spontaneous recovery. […] Syncope is a symptom of an underlying disease process rather than a disease itself. […] Although syncope mimics a death-like experience eliciting extreme consternation among both patients and their families, most syncopal events have a benign cause. […] Benign causes of syncope reflect vasovagal (also known as neurocardiogenic), volume depletion, or medication-related etiologies. […] More ominous causes are related to dysrhythmia and valvular abnormalities such as ventricular tachycardia, atrioventricular (AV) block, or critical aortic stenosis. […] A history of left ventricular dysfunction (with concomitant degeneration of the conduction system leading toward a propensity for dysrhythmias) has been found to be the most ominous predictor of an adverse etiology of a syncopal event.

• #8 Fainting: Causes & First Aid Tips

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21699-fainting

  Fainting is a short-term loss of consciousness. It happens because of a sudden drop in blood flow to your brain. A fainting episode usually lasts a few seconds or minutes. Then, you wake up and return to normal. […] The most common reason for fainting is a sudden drop in blood pressure, which reduces blood flow and oxygen to your brain. There are many reasons why a drop in blood pressure could lead to a temporary loss of consciousness: […] Cardiac syncope: This type of syncope involves fainting because of a heart problem. Many heart conditions can affect how much oxygenated blood your heart can pump to your brain. This type makes up 15% of fainting incidents. […] Carotid sinus syncope: This type of syncope can happen when something pinches or constricts the carotid artery in your neck. The carotid artery is a blood vessel that supplies your brain. This type of fainting can occur when someone wears a very tight collar, stretches or turns their neck too much, or has a bone in their neck that’s pinching their artery.

• #9 Fainting – Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/symptoms-of-heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/fainting

  Fainting (syncope) is a sudden, brief loss of consciousness during which the person falls to the ground or slumps in a chair followed by a return to consciousness. […] A person cannot lose consciousness unless brain function is generally disturbed. This disturbance usually occurs because overall blood flow to the brain is reduced. Sometimes, however, blood flow is adequate but the blood does not contain sufficient oxygen or glucose (blood sugar), which the brain needs to function. […] The most common causes of fainting are strong emotion (such as fear, pain, or sight of blood), coughing or straining to pass stool or urine, prolonged standing, standing up suddenly, pregnancy, use of certain medications, and idiopathic (meaning that the cause cannot be determined). […] Most of these causes involve decreased return of blood to the heart. Strong emotion (particularly that triggered by the sight of blood) or pain can activate the vagus nerve. Vagus nerve activation widens blood vessels, reducing the return of blood to the heart, and slows the heart rate.

• #10 Syncope – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442006/

  Syncope accounts for around 1 to 3.5% of visits to emergency department visits in the US. […] The brain needs a constant supply of glucose (through adequate cerebral blood flow) to function and any interruption to this even for few seconds can lead to loss of consciousness or syncope. […] Any disease process which decreases blood flow can cause syncope and near syncope. […] The most common cause of syncope is vasovagal and is self-limiting. […] Mental illness and substance abuse should be considered in syncope patients where the etiology of syncope remains unclear.

• #11 Syncope (medicine) – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncope_(medicine)

  „Causes range from non-serious to potentially fatal. There are three broad categories of causes: heart or blood vessel related; reflex, also known as neurally mediated; and orthostatic hypotension. Issues with the heart and blood vessels are the cause in about 10% and typically the most serious while neurally mediated is the most common. […] It is caused by a decrease in blood flow to the brain, typically from low blood pressure. […] Heart related causes may include an abnormal heart rhythm, problems with the heart valves or heart muscle and blockages of blood vessels from a pulmonary embolism or aortic dissection among others. […] Neurally mediated syncope occurs when blood vessels expand and heart rate decreases inappropriately. This may occur from either a triggering event such as exposure to blood, pain, strong feelings or a specific activity such as urination, vomiting, or coughing.

• #12 Syncope in adults: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and etiologies – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/syncope-in-adults-epidemiology-pathogenesis-and-etiologies

  Syncope is a clinical syndrome in which transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) is caused by a period of inadequate cerebral nutrient flow, most often due to an abrupt drop of systemic blood pressure below the capacity of cerebral autoregulation to maintain adequate cerebrovascular flow. […] True syncope has many possible causes (table 1), but is only one of the many potential causes of TLOC. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and etiologies of syncope will be reviewed here. […] Causes of syncope include reflex syncope, orthostatic (postural) hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, structural cardiac or cardiopulmonary disease, and cerebrovascular disease.

• #13 Fainting: Causes, diagnosis, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182524

  Fainting, or syncope, is a sudden and temporary loss of consciousness. It usually happens when there is a slight decrease in the amount of oxygen reaching the brain. […] Possible causes include: poor circulation, the use of certain medications, low blood volume, for example, due to dehydration, emotional distress. […] Fainting is not usually serious, but sometimes, it can indicate an underlying medical issue. […] Different underlying conditions can cause a person to faint. […] Neurocardiogenic, or reflex, syncope happens when a temporary problem arises with the autonomous nervous system (ANS). […] In NMS, a drop in blood pressure slows the heartbeat and pulse rate. This temporarily affects the brain’s blood and oxygen supply. […] Around half of all cases of fainting are of this type.

• #14 FAINTING OR SYNCOPE: ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW | Mya Care

  https://myacare.com/blog/fainting-or-syncope-all-you-need-to-know

  Fainting is a temporary loss of consciousness or sudden passing out caused by an abrupt drop in blood flow to the brain. The medical term for fainting is syncope. […] The most common cause of fainting is vasovagal syncope, known as the 'common faint.’ This type comprises 50% of all episodes. […] Several factors can trigger syncope, such as physical triggers: standing up too quickly, dehydration, prolonged standing, extreme heat or cold, and severe pain. […] Emotional stress: Strong emotions, such as fear, anxiety, or pain. […] Hyperventilation: Rapid, shallow breathing can cause a drop in blood pressure and lead to fainting. […] Medical conditions: Certain conditions that affect blood flow can increase the risk of syncope. Examples include anemia, low blood sugar, and heart disease, such as carotid artery disease.

• #15 Fainting: Causes, diagnosis, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182524

  Fainting, or syncope, is a sudden and temporary loss of consciousness. It usually happens when there is a slight decrease in the amount of oxygen reaching the brain. […] Possible causes include: poor circulation, the use of certain medications, low blood volume, for example, due to dehydration, emotional distress. […] Fainting is not usually serious, but sometimes, it can indicate an underlying medical issue. […] Different underlying conditions can cause a person to faint. […] Neurocardiogenic, or reflex, syncope happens when a temporary problem arises with the autonomous nervous system (ANS). […] In NMS, a drop in blood pressure slows the heartbeat and pulse rate. This temporarily affects the brain’s blood and oxygen supply. […] Around half of all cases of fainting are of this type.

• #16 Vasovagal syncope – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vasovagal-syncope/symptoms-causes/syc-20350527

  Vasovagal syncope occurs when the part of your nervous system that regulates heart rate and blood pressure overreacts to a trigger. Common triggers include: […] During a vasovagal syncope episode, your heart rate slows, and the blood vessels in your legs widen. This allows blood to pool in your legs, which lowers your blood pressure. The drop in blood pressure and slowed heart rate quickly reduce blood flow to your brain, and you faint. […] Vasovagal syncope can happen without a trigger.

• #17 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01818

  Syncope is commonly called fainting. In most children, its usually harmless. But in a few children, syncope is serious. Fainting may be due to a heart problem, or sometimes a neurological problem. […] The common reason behind each fainting episode is a temporary lack of oxygen-rich (red) blood getting to the brain. However, many different problems can cause a decrease in blood flow to the brain. Some causes of syncope include: […] Vasovagal syndrome (neurocardiogenic syncope). A sudden drop in blood pressure with or without a decrease in heart rate. It’s caused by a problem with overstimulating the nerves that have direct input on the heart and blood vessels. This is the most common cause of syncope and can follow periods of extreme emotion. It’s generally a benign condition. […] Heart rhythm problem (arrhythmia). A heart rate that is too slow, too fast, or too irregular to keep enough blood flow to the body, including the brain. This is a fairly rare cause of syncope, especially in children.

• #18 Fainting: Causes, Types, and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/fainting

  Fainting, or the temporary loss of consciousness, can occur if your brain isnt getting enough oxygen. Fainting may be triggered by a number of factors, including dehydration, low blood sugar, standing up too quickly, or certain medications. […] Fainting can be triggered by a number of factors, including: fear or other emotional trauma, severe pain, a sudden drop in blood pressure, low blood sugar due to diabetes, hyperventilation, dehydration, standing in one position for too long, standing up too quickly, physical exertion in hot temperatures, coughing too hard, straining during a bowel movement, consuming drugs or alcohol, seizures. […] Medications that can cause your blood pressure to drop also increase your chance of fainting. These include certain medications used to treat high blood pressure, allergies, depression, anxiety. […] Youre also more likely to faint if you have any of these conditions: diabetes, heart disease, atherosclerosis, an irregular heartbeat, or arrhythmia, anxiety or panic attacks, chronic lung disease, such as emphysema. […] In many cases, the cause of fainting is unclear.

• #19 Reflex syncope – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex_syncope

  Reflex syncope occurs in response to a trigger due to dysfunction of the heart rate and blood pressure regulating mechanism. When heart rate slows or blood pressure drops, the resulting lack of blood to the brain causes fainting. […] Typical triggers include: Prolonged standing, Emotional stress, Pain, The sight of blood, Fear of needles, Time varying magnetic field (i.e. transcranial magnetic stimulation). […] Situational syncope is often triggered by urination, swallowing, or coughing. […] Carotid sinus syncope is due to pressure on the carotid sinus in the neck. […] The underlying mechanism involves the nervous system slowing the heart rate and dilating blood vessels, resulting in low blood pressure and thus not enough blood flow to the brain.

• #20 Vasovagal Syncope | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vasovagal-syncope.html

  Vasovagal syncope is a condition that leads to fainting in some people. It’s also called neurocardiogenic syncope or reflex syncope. It’s the most common cause of fainting. […] Several triggers can cause vasovagal syncope. To help reduce the risk of fainting, you can stay away from some of these triggers, such as: Standing for long periods, Excess heat, Intense emotion, such as fear, Intense pain, The sight of blood or a needle, Prolonged exercise, Dehydration, Skipping meals. […] Vasovagal syncope is generally not dangerous. Of course, fainting can lead to injuries from falling. Or it can be dangerous if it happens at certain times, like while driving. Most people with rare episodes of vasovagal syncope can drive safely. […] Vasovagal syncope is the most common cause of fainting. It happens when the blood vessels open too wide or the heartbeat slows, causing a temporary lack of blood flow to the brain.

• #21 Fainting (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/fainting.html

  Fainting is a temporary loss of consciousness. It happens when there isn’t enough blood going to the brain because of a drop in blood pressure. […] Blood pressure can drop from dehydration, a quick change in position, standing or sitting still for a long period, or a sudden fear of something (such as the sight of blood). […] Getting too hot or being in a crowded, poorly ventilated setting are common causes of fainting. Sometimes just standing for a very long time or getting up too fast after sitting or lying down can cause someone to faint. […] Emotions like fright, pain, anxiety, or shock can cause blood pressure to drop. This is the reason why people faint when something frightens or horrifies them, like the sight of blood. […] Conditions such as heart problems, anemia, low blood sugar, or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) can cause fainting. […] During pregnancy, the body undergoes a lot of changes, including changes in the circulatory system. These may cause a woman to faint. And as the uterus grows, it can press on and partially block blood flow through large blood vessels, which can decrease blood supply to the brain.

• #22 Fainting (Syncope): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/fainting/article.htm

  Fainting causes a decrease in blood flow to the brain because The heart fails to pump the blood. The blood vessels don’t have enough tone to maintain blood pressure to deliver the blood to the brain. There is not enough blood or fluid within the blood vessels. A combination of reasons one, two, or all three. […] Vasovagal syncope is one of the most common causes of fainting. In this situation, the balance between the chemicals adrenaline and acetylcholine is disrupted. […] Pain can stimulate the vagus nerve and is a common cause of fainting (vasovagal syncope). Other noxious stimuli can do the same thing, including situational stressors. […] Fainting is related to pregnancy. Likely explanations include compression of the inferior vena cava (the large vein that returns blood to the heart) by the enlarging uterus and by orthostatic hypotension.

• #23 Causes of Fainting: Reasons for Passing Out

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/causes-of-fainting-1298399

  Alcohol misuse and substance abuse can cause people to pass out. […] Some medications can increase the risk of passing out, whether taken alone or when interacting with other drugs and supplements. […] Orthostatic hypotension (a drop in blood pressure when you stand up) can cause you to pass out suddenly. […] Some people pass out when they see blood, which is caused by a vasovagal response. […] Episodes of syncope are common in pregnant people, due to both hormonal changes affecting blood vessels and physical changes including the blood volume in the body. […] Fainting is a sudden loss of consciousness from a lack of blood flow to the brain. It can be caused by many things, including dehydration, shock, too much alcohol, and even anxiety.

• #24 Vasovagal Syncope | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vasovagal-syncope.html

  Vasovagal syncope is a condition that leads to fainting in some people. It’s also called neurocardiogenic syncope or reflex syncope. It’s the most common cause of fainting. […] Several triggers can cause vasovagal syncope. To help reduce the risk of fainting, you can stay away from some of these triggers, such as: Standing for long periods, Excess heat, Intense emotion, such as fear, Intense pain, The sight of blood or a needle, Prolonged exercise, Dehydration, Skipping meals. […] Vasovagal syncope is generally not dangerous. Of course, fainting can lead to injuries from falling. Or it can be dangerous if it happens at certain times, like while driving. Most people with rare episodes of vasovagal syncope can drive safely. […] Vasovagal syncope is the most common cause of fainting. It happens when the blood vessels open too wide or the heartbeat slows, causing a temporary lack of blood flow to the brain.

• #25 Common causes of syncope (fainting) | GoHealth Urgent Care

  https://www.gohealthuc.com/library/common-causes-of-syncope-fainting

  Researchers think micturition syncope happens because the combination of standing up plus relaxing the bladder muscles leads to a sudden drop in blood pressure, resulting in loss of consciousness. […] Being well-hydrated and sitting while urinating can decrease the risk of this form of syncope. […] Vasovagal syncope is the most common cause of syncope. It typically happens when the body overreacts to stress or fear, which causes a sudden drop in blood pressure. Common triggers of vasovagal syncope in the medical setting include the sight of blood or needles. […] Patients will often have presyncopal symptoms, including nausea, warmth, sweating, dizziness, blurred vision, or turning pale. Laying the patient flat or having them put their head between their knees can improve blood flow to the brain and prevent a loss of consciousness. […] Vasovagal syncope can often be prevented by adequate hydration, and by laying patients with a history of vasovagal syncope flat during procedures like blood draws or injections.

• #26 Vasovagal Syncope | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vasovagal-syncope.html

  Vasovagal syncope is a condition that leads to fainting in some people. It’s also called neurocardiogenic syncope or reflex syncope. It’s the most common cause of fainting. […] Several triggers can cause vasovagal syncope. To help reduce the risk of fainting, you can stay away from some of these triggers, such as: Standing for long periods, Excess heat, Intense emotion, such as fear, Intense pain, The sight of blood or a needle, Prolonged exercise, Dehydration, Skipping meals. […] Vasovagal syncope is generally not dangerous. Of course, fainting can lead to injuries from falling. Or it can be dangerous if it happens at certain times, like while driving. Most people with rare episodes of vasovagal syncope can drive safely. […] Vasovagal syncope is the most common cause of fainting. It happens when the blood vessels open too wide or the heartbeat slows, causing a temporary lack of blood flow to the brain.

• #27 Vasovagal Syncope | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vasovagal-syncope.html

  Vasovagal syncope is a condition that leads to fainting in some people. It’s also called neurocardiogenic syncope or reflex syncope. It’s the most common cause of fainting. […] Several triggers can cause vasovagal syncope. To help reduce the risk of fainting, you can stay away from some of these triggers, such as: Standing for long periods, Excess heat, Intense emotion, such as fear, Intense pain, The sight of blood or a needle, Prolonged exercise, Dehydration, Skipping meals. […] Vasovagal syncope is generally not dangerous. Of course, fainting can lead to injuries from falling. Or it can be dangerous if it happens at certain times, like while driving. Most people with rare episodes of vasovagal syncope can drive safely. […] Vasovagal syncope is the most common cause of fainting. It happens when the blood vessels open too wide or the heartbeat slows, causing a temporary lack of blood flow to the brain.

• #28 Syncope: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17536-syncope

  Syncope, or passing out, happens when you don’t have enough blood flowing to your brain. There are many causes for this, depending on the type of syncope. […] Vasovagal syncope happens when you have a sudden drop in blood pressure, which causes a drop in blood flow to your brain. It often occurs after standing for a while or under emotional distress. […] Situational syncope happens only during certain situations that affect your nervous system and lead to syncope. […] Postural syncope happens when your blood pressure drops suddenly due to a quick change in position, such as standing up after lying down. […] Cardiac syncope can occur if you have a heart or blood vessel condition that affects blood flow to your brain. […] Neurologic syncope can happen when you have a neurological condition such as a seizure, stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). […] The cause of syncope is unknown in about 33% of people who have it.

• #29 Fainting: What It Feels Like and What Causes It

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/understanding-fainting-basics

  Health conditions that affect the nervous system. These conditions include: […] Heart or blood vessel problems that interfere with blood flow to the brain. These may include heart block (a problem with the electrical impulses that control your heart muscle), problems with the sinus node (a specialized area of your heart that helps it beat), heart arrhythmia (irregular heart rhythm), a blood clot in the lungs, an abnormally narrowed aortic heart valve, or certain other problems with the structure of your heart. […] Conditions that may cause unusual patterns of stimulation to particular nerves. These include micturition syncope (fainting during or after urination), glossopharyngeal neuralgia (fainting due to inflammation and pain in a particular nerve to the mouth), cough syncope (fainting after intense coughing), and stretch syncope (fainting that occurs when stretching the neck and arms).

• #30 Common causes of syncope (fainting) | GoHealth Urgent Care

  https://www.gohealthuc.com/library/common-causes-of-syncope-fainting

  Cardiac arrhythmias happen when the electrical impulses that control the heart’s rate or rhythm are disrupted. Arrhythmias can cause the heart to beat too slow, too fast, or in an abnormal rhythm. […] Cardiac arrhythmias are one of the most dangerous causes of syncope. When the heart is in an abnormal rate or rhythm, it’s not able to provide adequate blood supply to the brain. Arrhythmias typically cause sudden loss of consciousness without any warning symptoms like dizziness, nausea, blurred vision or sweating. […] An EKG is the most common test performed to detect cardiac arrhythmias. Some arrhythmias are treated with medication; others are treated with defibrillation or cardioversion, which shocks the heart back into a normal rhythm. […] Micturition syncope is a phenomenon that causes people to faint during or shortly after urinating. It’s more common in older men, and in patients who have just woken up from a deep sleep. It’s also more likely to happen in patients who are dehydrated, intoxicated, hungry, or taking blood pressure-lowering medications.

• #31 Fainting: Causes & First Aid Tips

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21699-fainting

  Vasovagal syncope: This can occur when a person experiences a stressful event. Examples include the sight of blood, emotional stress, physical trauma, emotional trauma or pain. The stressful event stimulates a bodily reflex called the vasovagal reaction. Your heart slows down and pumps less blood, so your blood pressure drops. Then, your brain doesn’t get enough oxygenated blood, and you faint. Certain bodily movements or functions also can naturally cause a drop in blood pressure that may lead to fainting spells. Examples include when a person pees, poops, coughs or stretches. […] You may faint because of: Certain medications that treat high blood pressure, such as diuretics (water pills), calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Other examples include nitrates for heart disease, antipsychotics for mental health disorders, antihistamines for allergies and opioids for pain.

• #32 Fainting: Causes & First Aid Tips

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21699-fainting

  Vasovagal syncope: This can occur when a person experiences a stressful event. Examples include the sight of blood, emotional stress, physical trauma, emotional trauma or pain. The stressful event stimulates a bodily reflex called the vasovagal reaction. Your heart slows down and pumps less blood, so your blood pressure drops. Then, your brain doesn’t get enough oxygenated blood, and you faint. Certain bodily movements or functions also can naturally cause a drop in blood pressure that may lead to fainting spells. Examples include when a person pees, poops, coughs or stretches. […] You may faint because of: Certain medications that treat high blood pressure, such as diuretics (water pills), calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Other examples include nitrates for heart disease, antipsychotics for mental health disorders, antihistamines for allergies and opioids for pain.

• #33 Reflex syncope – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex_syncope

  Reflex syncope occurs in response to a trigger due to dysfunction of the heart rate and blood pressure regulating mechanism. When heart rate slows or blood pressure drops, the resulting lack of blood to the brain causes fainting. […] Typical triggers include: Prolonged standing, Emotional stress, Pain, The sight of blood, Fear of needles, Time varying magnetic field (i.e. transcranial magnetic stimulation). […] Situational syncope is often triggered by urination, swallowing, or coughing. […] Carotid sinus syncope is due to pressure on the carotid sinus in the neck. […] The underlying mechanism involves the nervous system slowing the heart rate and dilating blood vessels, resulting in low blood pressure and thus not enough blood flow to the brain.

• #34 Fainting: Causes & First Aid Tips

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21699-fainting

  Vasovagal syncope: This can occur when a person experiences a stressful event. Examples include the sight of blood, emotional stress, physical trauma, emotional trauma or pain. The stressful event stimulates a bodily reflex called the vasovagal reaction. Your heart slows down and pumps less blood, so your blood pressure drops. Then, your brain doesn’t get enough oxygenated blood, and you faint. Certain bodily movements or functions also can naturally cause a drop in blood pressure that may lead to fainting spells. Examples include when a person pees, poops, coughs or stretches. […] You may faint because of: Certain medications that treat high blood pressure, such as diuretics (water pills), calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Other examples include nitrates for heart disease, antipsychotics for mental health disorders, antihistamines for allergies and opioids for pain.

• #35 Fainting: Causes & First Aid Tips

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21699-fainting

  Fainting is a short-term loss of consciousness. It happens because of a sudden drop in blood flow to your brain. A fainting episode usually lasts a few seconds or minutes. Then, you wake up and return to normal. […] The most common reason for fainting is a sudden drop in blood pressure, which reduces blood flow and oxygen to your brain. There are many reasons why a drop in blood pressure could lead to a temporary loss of consciousness: […] Cardiac syncope: This type of syncope involves fainting because of a heart problem. Many heart conditions can affect how much oxygenated blood your heart can pump to your brain. This type makes up 15% of fainting incidents. […] Carotid sinus syncope: This type of syncope can happen when something pinches or constricts the carotid artery in your neck. The carotid artery is a blood vessel that supplies your brain. This type of fainting can occur when someone wears a very tight collar, stretches or turns their neck too much, or has a bone in their neck that’s pinching their artery.

• #36 Syncope: epidemiology, etiology, and prognosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4258989/

  It is an extrinsic sinus node disease that is characterized by pre-syncope or syncope exacerbated by the carotid sinus reflex response. […] Neurological causes are cerebrovascular disease, autonomic dysfunction and subclavian steal syndrome. […] There are endocrinological causes that can be presented as orthostatic hypotension to cause autonomic dysfunction or hypovolemia. […] The pathophysiology, approach, prognosis and treatment depend on the cause of syncope, and mandatory their identification, since their annual mortality can reach between 18 and 33% if cardiac cause, and between 0 and 12% if the non-cardiac cause. […] Thus, prognosis is determined by the underlying etiology specifically the presence and severity of cardiac disease. And it is imperative to identify its cause and risk stratification for positive impact in reducing morbidity and mortality.

• #37 Fainting: Symptoms, Causes & Preventative Measures – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/fainting

  Cardiac syncope occurs due to a problem with the heart, which affects its ability to pump enough blood to the brain. […] A carotid sinus syncope can occur if something pinches or presses upon these blood vessels. […] Vasovagal syncope is a neurally mediated syncope triggered by a stressful event. It occurs when the nervous system overreacts and blood pressure drops. […] Dehydration (lack of enough fluids), excessive sweating, and overheating can lead to fainting spells. […] Orthostatic hypotension is a type of postural low blood pressure that occurs when one moves too quickly from sitting or lying to standing. […] People with diabetes who take insulin and other diabetes medications can develop hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). […] Other causes of fainting may include an underlying health condition such as anemia, seizure disorders, head injury, heart attack, or stroke.

• #38 Syncope: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17536-syncope

  Syncope, or passing out, happens when you don’t have enough blood flowing to your brain. There are many causes for this, depending on the type of syncope. […] Vasovagal syncope happens when you have a sudden drop in blood pressure, which causes a drop in blood flow to your brain. It often occurs after standing for a while or under emotional distress. […] Situational syncope happens only during certain situations that affect your nervous system and lead to syncope. […] Postural syncope happens when your blood pressure drops suddenly due to a quick change in position, such as standing up after lying down. […] Cardiac syncope can occur if you have a heart or blood vessel condition that affects blood flow to your brain. […] Neurologic syncope can happen when you have a neurological condition such as a seizure, stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). […] The cause of syncope is unknown in about 33% of people who have it.

• #39 What happens to your body when you faint? | HealthPartners Blog

  https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/what-happens-to-your-body-when-you-faint/

  Fainting is a sudden, temporary loss of consciousness. […] So, what causes fainting? A drop in blood flow to the brain. […] The medical term for fainting is syncope (pronounced SING-kuh-pee). And usually, a fainting episode isn’t a sign of a serious underlying condition. Instead, fainting is often caused by: The vasovagal reflex (vasovagal syncope), which causes your heart rate to slow and the blood vessels to widen. This reflex can be triggered by many things, including stress, pain, fear, coughing, holding your breath and urinating. The vasovagal reflex accounts for most fainting episodes. […] Orthostatic hypotension, or a sudden drop in blood pressure when you change position. This can happen if you stand up too fast, get dehydrated, or take certain medicines, such as ones for high blood pressure.

• #40 What is syncope (passing out), and what are the causes

  https://virtualheadachespecialist.com/syncope-episode-syncope-definition-and-syncope-causes/

  If youve ever had an episode of syncope (passing out, or fainting), you know how scary it can be for you, as well as everyone around you. […] The most common syncope causes are from either a drop in blood pressure while in the standing position (orthostatic hypotension, orthostatic intolerance, postural hypotension, postural syncope), or from a vasovagal syncope response (neurocardiogenic syncope, reflex syncope), or from the heart not pumping enough blood to the brain from an arrhythmia (heart temporarily beating too fast or too low), or a weak heart muscle (such as in congestive heart failure). […] Syncope is rarely ever of a true neurologic cause. […] Orthostatic hypotension, or orthostatic syncope, occurs from low blood pressure which happens when someone stands up from a lying or sitting position. Orthostatic hypotension is the most common type of syncope.

• #41 Fainting and it’s causes – Bay Biosciences

  https://baybiosciences.com/fainting-and-its-causes/

  In NMS, a drop in blood pressure slows the heartbeat and pulse rate. This temporarily affects the brains blood and oxygen supply. […] A patient with orthostatic hypotension might faint after standing up too quickly. […] Gravity pulls blood into the legs, bringing down blood pressure elsewhere in the body. The nervous system usually reacts to this by increasing the heartbeat and narrowing the blood vessels. This stabilizes blood pressure, but it can reduce blood and oxygen supply to the brain, resulting in fainting. […] An underlying heart problem may reduce blood and oxygen supply to the brain. […] If a person faints and may have one of these conditions, they should seek medical attention. […] Fainting is a common event that can occur for many reasons, ranging from being in a crowded space to having a health condition, such as heart failure. It happens when too little oxygen reaches the brain. […] In most cases, fainting is not a cause for concern. However, if it stems from an underlying condition, a person may need treatment to address the problem.

• #42 What happens to your body when you faint? | HealthPartners Blog

  https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/what-happens-to-your-body-when-you-faint/

  Fainting is a sudden, temporary loss of consciousness. […] So, what causes fainting? A drop in blood flow to the brain. […] The medical term for fainting is syncope (pronounced SING-kuh-pee). And usually, a fainting episode isn’t a sign of a serious underlying condition. Instead, fainting is often caused by: The vasovagal reflex (vasovagal syncope), which causes your heart rate to slow and the blood vessels to widen. This reflex can be triggered by many things, including stress, pain, fear, coughing, holding your breath and urinating. The vasovagal reflex accounts for most fainting episodes. […] Orthostatic hypotension, or a sudden drop in blood pressure when you change position. This can happen if you stand up too fast, get dehydrated, or take certain medicines, such as ones for high blood pressure.

• #43 Syncope: epidemiology, etiology, and prognosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4258989/

  Syncope is a common medical problem, with a frequency between 15% and 39%. […] Among the causes of syncope, the mediated neural reflex, known as neurocardiogenic or vasovagal syncope, is the most frequent. The others are of cardiac origin, orthostatic hypotension, carotid sinus hypersensitivity, neurological and endocrinological causes and psychiatric disorders. […] The main causes of syncope are summarized in Table 1 and will be discussed below. […] The causes are structural heart diseases or conditions that result in decreased cardiac output such as aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, aortic dissection, cardiac tamponade, prosthetic valve thrombosis, cardiac tumors, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism etc. […] Orthostatic or postural hypotension (OH) presents as falls, dizziness, or syncope, resulting in functional impairment, with head injury, bone fractures and hospitalization.

• #44 Fainting | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/fainting

  Common causes of fainting include heat, pain, distress, the sight of blood, anxiety and hyperventilating. […] Frequent fainting spells need to be medically investigated to check for underlying causes. […] A temporary drop in blood pressure can be caused by different factors, including prolonged standing, extreme heat, emotional distress, severe pain, the sight of blood, the sight of a hypodermic needle, and other events that a person may find distressing. […] Hypotension can be caused by a variety of factors including heart disease and abnormal heart rhythms, some infections, dehydration, and medications for high blood pressure or certain heart conditions. […] Frequent fainting spells or sensations of light-headedness need to be medically investigated to check for underlying causes. […] Causes of orthostatic hypotension include nervous system diseases, such as neuropathy, prolonged bed rest, dehydration, irregular heartbeat (heart arrhythmia), and changes in blood pressure medication.

• #45 Common causes of syncope (fainting) | GoHealth Urgent Care

  https://www.gohealthuc.com/library/common-causes-of-syncope-fainting

  Syncope (fainting) is a common condition that approximately 20% of the U.S. population will experience in their lifetime. Anyone who has a syncopal episode should seek prompt medical attention to rule out dangerous causes of this condition. […] Here are some of the most common causes of syncopal episodes. […] Hypotension (low blood pressure) is defined as a blood pressure of 90/60 or less. When the blood pressure is too low, the vascular system can’t overcome gravity to supply oxygenated blood to the brain. This can cause a patient to collapse and lose consciousness. When the patient is lying flat, the vascular system no longer has to combat gravity, so blood flow is restored to the brain, and the patient regains consciousness. […] Hypotension can be caused by dehydration, sepsis, blood loss, certain medications, and underlying cardiovascular conditions. I.V. fluids are often used to reverse hypotension and raise blood pressure. In cases of severe blood loss, a blood transfusion is often necessary.

• #46 Table: Some Causes of Syncope-Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/multimedia/table/some-causes-of-syncope

  Pericardial tamponade or constriction […] Vasovagal (neurocardiogenic) […] Anaphylaxis […] Orthostatic hypotension […] Autonomic dysfunction […] Deconditioning caused by prolonged bed rest […] Anemia […] Endocrine disorders (eg, adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism) […] Cerebrovascular […] Migraine […] Hyperventilation […] Hypoglycemia […] Psychiatric disorders.

• #47 Syncope Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/811669-differential

  Consider and diagnose life-threatening etiologies of syncope. […] Educate patients adequately about the etiology of the syncope and preventive measures to avoid recurrence. […] Vasomotor/vascular conditions to consider in patients with suspected syncope include dehydration, diabetic neuropathy, diuresis, drug-induced orthostasis, dysautonomia, ectopic pregnancy, hemorrhage, hypotension, hypovolemia, multisystem atrophy, peripheral polyneuropathy, postural hypotension, subclavian steal, vasodepressor/vasovagal response, and vasomotor insufficiency. […] Cardiac conditions to consider in patients with suspected syncope include bradydysrhythmias, cardiac myxoma, cardiac outflow obstruction, dysrhythmias, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, primary pulmonary hypertension, prolonged QT syndrome, sick sinus syndrome, sinoatrial block, sinus pause, tachydysrhythmias, and tricuspid stenosis.

• #48 When should you worry about fainting? – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/when-should-you-worry-about-fainting

  Sometimes fainting is caused by stimulation of the vagus nerve, which can briefly lower both heart rate and blood pressure. The condition is called vasovagal syncope (SIN-cope-ee). […] You may lose consciousness for just a moment if your blood pressure drops when you stand, a condition called orthostatic hypotension. Gravity temporarily pulls blood down into the veins of your legs and feet. This reduces the amount of blood that returns to the heart and which thereafter can be pumped to your brain. Medications, especially blood pressure drugs, often cause orthostatic hypotension. So can dehydration, thyroid disorders, and neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease.

• #49 Syncope Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/811669-differential

  Metabolic/endocrine conditions to consider in patients with suspected syncope include hypothyroidism, hypoxemia, and pheochromocytoma. […] Central nervous system conditions to consider in patients with suspected syncope include hyperventilation syndrome, hydrocephalus, migraine headache, narcolepsy, panic attacks, and seizure disorder.

• #50 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01818

  Structural heart disease (muscle or valve defects). There may be problems with the heart muscle or one or more of the heart valves. This may cause a decrease of blood flow to the body, including the brain. Inflammation of the heart muscle, known as myocarditis, can also cause fainting. The heart muscle becomes weak and is not able to pump as well as normal. The body again reacts to decreased blood flow to the brain by fainting. […] Orthostatic hypotension. This is a drop in blood pressure that occurs when a person has been standing for a while, or changes from a sitting to a standing position. Blood pools in the legs, preventing a normal amount of blood from being pumped to the brain. This brief drop in blood flow to the brain causes a person to faint. This more commonly occurs in older adults. […] Most syncope in children is harmless. In a small number of children, serious heart problems may be the cause of syncope. Sudden death can occur.

• #51 What Causes Fainting (Syncope)? Definition, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/what_causes_fainting_syncope/article_em.htm

  Fainting (syncope, passing out) is a temporary loss of consciousness that occurs when there is inadequate blood flow to the brain. Many conditions can cause fainting, including sudden cardiac death, reflex syncope, serious cardiovascular conditions (cardiac syncope), orthostatic hypotension (low blood pressure when standing), and postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS). […] The most common causes of fainting include: Reflex syncope (also called neurally mediated syncope, vasovagal syncope, vasodepressor syncope, the common faint) […] Serious cardiovascular conditions (cardiac syncope), which may be caused by: Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) and abnormal heart rhythm […] Orthostatic hypotension (low blood pressure when standing) […] Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) (increased heart rate when standing).

• #52

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/heart-vascular/conditions/syncope

  If you faint frequently, and it’s not caused by dehydration or a sudden change from lying down to standing or vice versa, you may need to be tested for cardiac syncope. […] Common causes of cardiac syncope include arrhythmia, aortic dissection, and aortic valve disease. […] Neurologic syncope is much less common than other types of syncope. […] Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a condition that causes your heart to beat faster when you go from sitting or lying down to standing up. […] If we determine your syncopal episode is likely a one-time event, we’ll reassure you right away. […] Depending on what caused your syncope, your treatment plan personalized for you may include dietary changes, practical adjustments, care follow-up, and medication to treat an underlying disorder that is causing you to faint.

• #53 Fainting: Causes & First Aid Tips

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21699-fainting

  Fainting is a short-term loss of consciousness. It happens because of a sudden drop in blood flow to your brain. A fainting episode usually lasts a few seconds or minutes. Then, you wake up and return to normal. […] The most common reason for fainting is a sudden drop in blood pressure, which reduces blood flow and oxygen to your brain. There are many reasons why a drop in blood pressure could lead to a temporary loss of consciousness: […] Cardiac syncope: This type of syncope involves fainting because of a heart problem. Many heart conditions can affect how much oxygenated blood your heart can pump to your brain. This type makes up 15% of fainting incidents. […] Carotid sinus syncope: This type of syncope can happen when something pinches or constricts the carotid artery in your neck. The carotid artery is a blood vessel that supplies your brain. This type of fainting can occur when someone wears a very tight collar, stretches or turns their neck too much, or has a bone in their neck that’s pinching their artery.

• #54 Syncope (medicine) – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncope_(medicine)

  „Causes range from non-serious to potentially fatal. There are three broad categories of causes: heart or blood vessel related; reflex, also known as neurally mediated; and orthostatic hypotension. Issues with the heart and blood vessels are the cause in about 10% and typically the most serious while neurally mediated is the most common. […] It is caused by a decrease in blood flow to the brain, typically from low blood pressure. […] Heart related causes may include an abnormal heart rhythm, problems with the heart valves or heart muscle and blockages of blood vessels from a pulmonary embolism or aortic dissection among others. […] Neurally mediated syncope occurs when blood vessels expand and heart rate decreases inappropriately. This may occur from either a triggering event such as exposure to blood, pain, strong feelings or a specific activity such as urination, vomiting, or coughing.

• #55 Syncope (Fainting) | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/symptoms-diagnosis–monitoring-of-arrhythmia/syncope-fainting

  Syncope is also called fainting or passing out. […] It most often occurs when blood pressure is too low and the heart doesn’t pump enough oxygen to the brain. It can be harmless or a symptom of an underlying medical condition. […] Syncope is a symptom that can have several causes, ranging from harmless to life-threatening conditions. Many non-life-threatening factors, such as strong emotions, heavy sweating, exhaustion or the pooling of blood in the legs due to sudden changes in body position, can trigger syncope. […] However, several serious heart conditions, such as bradycardia, tachycardia or blood flow obstruction, can also cause syncope. […] Cardiac (cardiovascular) syncope is caused by various heart conditions, such as bradycardia, tachycardia or certain types of low blood pressure. It can indicate an increased risk of sudden cardiac death.

• #56 Causes of Fainting: Reasons for Passing Out

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/fainting-5409213

  Fainting (syncope) is a sudden loss of consciousness from a lack of blood flow to the brain. […] The cause of fainting can be as simple (and temporary) as anxiety that causes hyperventilation (breathing too fast) or heat illness from working hard in the sun. But fainting can also be a symptom of a sudden and lethal heart condition. […] Serious heart conditions that can cause syncope include: Abnormal heart rhythms and heart rates, An aortic dissection (tear) in an artery that carries blood away from the heart, Aortic stenosis (valve blockage). […] If the heart beats too fast or too slow, it can’t keep the blood pressure up as high as it needs to be. Blood drains from the brain and leads to fainting. During a heart attack, the heart muscle can become too weak to maintain blood pressure.

• #57 What Causes Fainting (Syncope) Spells?

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/fainting/article_em.htm

  Fainting, which medical professionals call syncope (pronounced SIN-ko-pea), is a temporary loss of consciousness. Fainting is caused by a temporary loss of the brain’s blood supply and can be a sign of a more serious condition. […] The most common causes of fainting are vasovagal (a sudden drop in heart rate and blood pressure) and cardiac conditions. In a large number of cases of fainting the cause is unknown. […] Fainting (syncope) has many different causes. […] Causes of vasovagal syncope include the following: Environmental factors: Most commonly in a hot, crowded setting; Emotional factors: Stress or the sight or threat of injury; Physical factors: Standing too long; Illness: Fatigue, dehydration, or other illnesses. […] Cardiac causes of fainting are generally life-threatening and include the following: Cardiac rhythm abnormality (arrhythmia): Electrical problems of the heart impair its pumping ability. This causes a decrease in blood flow.

• #58 Table: Some Causes of Syncope-Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/multimedia/table/some-causes-of-syncope

  Some Causes of Syncope […] Cardiac outflow or inflow obstruction […] Valvular disease: Aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, prosthetic valve dehiscence or thrombosis […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy […] Cardiac tumors or thrombi […] Pulmonary embolism, amniotic fluid embolism, or, rarely, air embolism […] Cardiac arrhythmia […] Bradyarrhythmias (eg, due to sinus node dysfunction, high-grade atrioventricular block, medications) […] Tachyarrhythmias, either supraventricular or ventricular (eg, due to ischemia, heart failure, myocardial disease, medications, electrolyte abnormalities, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, preexcitation) […] Ventricular dysfunction […] Acute myocardial infarction, myocarditis, systolic or diastolic dysfunction, cardiomyopathy

• #59 Table: Some Causes of Syncope-Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/multimedia/table/some-causes-of-syncope

  Some Causes of Syncope […] Cardiac outflow or inflow obstruction […] Valvular disease: Aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, prosthetic valve dehiscence or thrombosis […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy […] Cardiac tumors or thrombi […] Pulmonary embolism, amniotic fluid embolism, or, rarely, air embolism […] Cardiac arrhythmia […] Bradyarrhythmias (eg, due to sinus node dysfunction, high-grade atrioventricular block, medications) […] Tachyarrhythmias, either supraventricular or ventricular (eg, due to ischemia, heart failure, myocardial disease, medications, electrolyte abnormalities, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, preexcitation) […] Ventricular dysfunction […] Acute myocardial infarction, myocarditis, systolic or diastolic dysfunction, cardiomyopathy

• #60 Table: Some Causes of Syncope-Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/multimedia/table/some-causes-of-syncope

  Some Causes of Syncope […] Cardiac outflow or inflow obstruction […] Valvular disease: Aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, prosthetic valve dehiscence or thrombosis […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy […] Cardiac tumors or thrombi […] Pulmonary embolism, amniotic fluid embolism, or, rarely, air embolism […] Cardiac arrhythmia […] Bradyarrhythmias (eg, due to sinus node dysfunction, high-grade atrioventricular block, medications) […] Tachyarrhythmias, either supraventricular or ventricular (eg, due to ischemia, heart failure, myocardial disease, medications, electrolyte abnormalities, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, preexcitation) […] Ventricular dysfunction […] Acute myocardial infarction, myocarditis, systolic or diastolic dysfunction, cardiomyopathy

• #61 Syncope (Fainting) | UpBeat.org – powered by the Heart Rhythm Society

  https://upbeat.org/early-warning-signs/syncope

  Cardiovascular syncope is usually sudden. There may be no warning signs that an individual is about to faint. […] Fainting is the primary symptom – and may be the only warning sign – of Long QT Syndrome (LQTS), an inherited electrical disorder of the heart. LQTS is believed to be a common cause of sudden and unexplained death in children and young adults. […] The most dangerous but rare type of fainting is caused by an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) or by structural damage to the heart. […] People with underlying heart disease are at higher risk for cardiovascular syncope, although this may be the initial symptom suggesting such a problem. […] The risk of cardiovascular syncope increases with age. Those at greatest risk are people who have any of the following conditions: Coronary artery disease (clogged blood vessels to the heart), Chest pain caused by angina (lower blood supply to the heart), Prior heart attack (myocardial infarction), Ventricular dysfunction (weakness in the heart’s pumping chambers), Cardiomyopathy (structural problems with the heart’s muscles), An abnormal electrocardiogram (a common test to check for abnormal heart rhythms), Recurrent episodes of fainting that come on suddenly and without warning, Fainting during exertional activity or exercise, Some congenital heart defects or syndromes (like William’s syndrome), Channellopathies (defects of the electrical system of the heart) like Long QT syndrome and Brugada Syndrome. […] Syncope is a symptom that can be caused by many different factors. When it comes to treatment, there is no „one size fits all” approach, making an accurate diagnosis very important. Treatment should address the underlying cause of syncope.

• #62 Table: Some Causes of Syncope-Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/multimedia/table/some-causes-of-syncope

  Some Causes of Syncope […] Cardiac outflow or inflow obstruction […] Valvular disease: Aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, prosthetic valve dehiscence or thrombosis […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy […] Cardiac tumors or thrombi […] Pulmonary embolism, amniotic fluid embolism, or, rarely, air embolism […] Cardiac arrhythmia […] Bradyarrhythmias (eg, due to sinus node dysfunction, high-grade atrioventricular block, medications) […] Tachyarrhythmias, either supraventricular or ventricular (eg, due to ischemia, heart failure, myocardial disease, medications, electrolyte abnormalities, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, preexcitation) […] Ventricular dysfunction […] Acute myocardial infarction, myocarditis, systolic or diastolic dysfunction, cardiomyopathy

• #63 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01818

  Structural heart disease (muscle or valve defects). There may be problems with the heart muscle or one or more of the heart valves. This may cause a decrease of blood flow to the body, including the brain. Inflammation of the heart muscle, known as myocarditis, can also cause fainting. The heart muscle becomes weak and is not able to pump as well as normal. The body again reacts to decreased blood flow to the brain by fainting. […] Orthostatic hypotension. This is a drop in blood pressure that occurs when a person has been standing for a while, or changes from a sitting to a standing position. Blood pools in the legs, preventing a normal amount of blood from being pumped to the brain. This brief drop in blood flow to the brain causes a person to faint. This more commonly occurs in older adults. […] Most syncope in children is harmless. In a small number of children, serious heart problems may be the cause of syncope. Sudden death can occur.

• #64 Causes of Fainting: Reasons for Passing Out

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/fainting-5409213

  Fainting (syncope) is a sudden loss of consciousness from a lack of blood flow to the brain. […] The cause of fainting can be as simple (and temporary) as anxiety that causes hyperventilation (breathing too fast) or heat illness from working hard in the sun. But fainting can also be a symptom of a sudden and lethal heart condition. […] Serious heart conditions that can cause syncope include: Abnormal heart rhythms and heart rates, An aortic dissection (tear) in an artery that carries blood away from the heart, Aortic stenosis (valve blockage). […] If the heart beats too fast or too slow, it can’t keep the blood pressure up as high as it needs to be. Blood drains from the brain and leads to fainting. During a heart attack, the heart muscle can become too weak to maintain blood pressure.

• #65 Fainting (Syncope): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/fainting/article.htm

  Low blood pressure (orthostatic hypotension) Blood vessels need to maintain their tone so that the body can withstand the effects of gravity with changes in position. […] Anemia (low red blood cell count), whether it occurs acutely from bleeding or gradually for a variety of reasons, can cause fainting because there aren’t enough red blood cells to deliver oxygen to the brain. […] Dehydration, or lack of water in the body can similarly cause fainting or syncope. […] In young people, especially athletes, fainting or syncope can occur because of abnormal thickening of parts of the heart muscle (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). […] Abnormalities with the heart valves can also cause fainting or syncope. […] Structural problems with the heart can cause fainting or syncope, either because there is a problem with the ability of the heart to adequately pump blood or because of valve problems.

• #66 Syncope: epidemiology, etiology, and prognosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4258989/

  Syncope is a common medical problem, with a frequency between 15% and 39%. […] Among the causes of syncope, the mediated neural reflex, known as neurocardiogenic or vasovagal syncope, is the most frequent. The others are of cardiac origin, orthostatic hypotension, carotid sinus hypersensitivity, neurological and endocrinological causes and psychiatric disorders. […] The main causes of syncope are summarized in Table 1 and will be discussed below. […] The causes are structural heart diseases or conditions that result in decreased cardiac output such as aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, aortic dissection, cardiac tamponade, prosthetic valve thrombosis, cardiac tumors, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism etc. […] Orthostatic or postural hypotension (OH) presents as falls, dizziness, or syncope, resulting in functional impairment, with head injury, bone fractures and hospitalization.

• #67 What Causes Fainting (Syncope) Spells?

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/fainting/article_em.htm

  Cardiac obstruction: Blood flow can be obstructed within the blood vessels in the chest. […] Heart failure: The heart’s pumping ability is impaired. This lowers the force with which blood circulates through the body and may decrease blood flow in the brain. […] Neurologic syncope: This syncope can be due to a neurologic condition or event listed below. […] Psychogenic syncope: Hyperventilation from an anxiety disorder can cause fainting. Rarely, people pretend to faint to minimize stress or for some recognized gain. The diagnosis of psychogenic syncope should only be considered after all other causes have been excluded. […] The treatment of fainting depends on the diagnosis. […] The treatment for cardiac syncope is very specific to the underlying illness. […] Because of the high risk of death from cardiac syncope, people who experience it and their family members must understand the disease and its treatment (especially controlling the condition through diet and medications).

• #68 Causes of Fainting: Reasons for Passing Out

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/fainting-5409213

  Fainting (syncope) is a sudden loss of consciousness from a lack of blood flow to the brain. […] The cause of fainting can be as simple (and temporary) as anxiety that causes hyperventilation (breathing too fast) or heat illness from working hard in the sun. But fainting can also be a symptom of a sudden and lethal heart condition. […] Serious heart conditions that can cause syncope include: Abnormal heart rhythms and heart rates, An aortic dissection (tear) in an artery that carries blood away from the heart, Aortic stenosis (valve blockage). […] If the heart beats too fast or too slow, it can’t keep the blood pressure up as high as it needs to be. Blood drains from the brain and leads to fainting. During a heart attack, the heart muscle can become too weak to maintain blood pressure.

• #69 Syncope: epidemiology, etiology, and prognosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4258989/

  Syncope is a common medical problem, with a frequency between 15% and 39%. […] Among the causes of syncope, the mediated neural reflex, known as neurocardiogenic or vasovagal syncope, is the most frequent. The others are of cardiac origin, orthostatic hypotension, carotid sinus hypersensitivity, neurological and endocrinological causes and psychiatric disorders. […] The main causes of syncope are summarized in Table 1 and will be discussed below. […] The causes are structural heart diseases or conditions that result in decreased cardiac output such as aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, aortic dissection, cardiac tamponade, prosthetic valve thrombosis, cardiac tumors, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism etc. […] Orthostatic or postural hypotension (OH) presents as falls, dizziness, or syncope, resulting in functional impairment, with head injury, bone fractures and hospitalization.

• #70 Causes | SCAI – Seconds Count

  https://www.secondscount.org/condition/syncope/causes

  Most arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms) in children dont typically result in syncope. […] Syncope due to myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) or dilated cardiomyopathy occurs when the heart muscle becomes weakened and isnt able to pump as well as it normally does. […] While rare, a tumor or tumor-like mass in the heart may block blood flow into or out of the heart, leading to fainting.

• #71 Syncope: epidemiology, etiology, and prognosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4258989/

  Syncope is a common medical problem, with a frequency between 15% and 39%. […] Among the causes of syncope, the mediated neural reflex, known as neurocardiogenic or vasovagal syncope, is the most frequent. The others are of cardiac origin, orthostatic hypotension, carotid sinus hypersensitivity, neurological and endocrinological causes and psychiatric disorders. […] The main causes of syncope are summarized in Table 1 and will be discussed below. […] The causes are structural heart diseases or conditions that result in decreased cardiac output such as aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, aortic dissection, cardiac tamponade, prosthetic valve thrombosis, cardiac tumors, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism etc. […] Orthostatic or postural hypotension (OH) presents as falls, dizziness, or syncope, resulting in functional impairment, with head injury, bone fractures and hospitalization.

• #72 Syncope: epidemiology, etiology, and prognosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4258989/

  Syncope is a common medical problem, with a frequency between 15% and 39%. […] Among the causes of syncope, the mediated neural reflex, known as neurocardiogenic or vasovagal syncope, is the most frequent. The others are of cardiac origin, orthostatic hypotension, carotid sinus hypersensitivity, neurological and endocrinological causes and psychiatric disorders. […] The main causes of syncope are summarized in Table 1 and will be discussed below. […] The causes are structural heart diseases or conditions that result in decreased cardiac output such as aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, aortic dissection, cardiac tamponade, prosthetic valve thrombosis, cardiac tumors, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism etc. […] Orthostatic or postural hypotension (OH) presents as falls, dizziness, or syncope, resulting in functional impairment, with head injury, bone fractures and hospitalization.

• #73 Fainting – Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/symptoms-of-heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/fainting

  Hormonal changes in early pregnancy sometimes lead to fainting. […] Less common but more serious causes include heart valve disorders (most commonly, involving the aortic valve), a heart rate that is too fast or too slow, blockage of an artery to the lungs by a blood clot (pulmonary embolism), and heart attack or other heart muscle disorders. […] Although most strokes do not cause fainting, a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) that involves certain blood vessels at the base of the brain (posterior circulation stroke) can cause fainting.

• #74 Syncope (Fainting) | UpBeat.org – powered by the Heart Rhythm Society

  https://upbeat.org/early-warning-signs/syncope

  Cardiovascular syncope is usually sudden. There may be no warning signs that an individual is about to faint. […] Fainting is the primary symptom – and may be the only warning sign – of Long QT Syndrome (LQTS), an inherited electrical disorder of the heart. LQTS is believed to be a common cause of sudden and unexplained death in children and young adults. […] The most dangerous but rare type of fainting is caused by an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) or by structural damage to the heart. […] People with underlying heart disease are at higher risk for cardiovascular syncope, although this may be the initial symptom suggesting such a problem. […] The risk of cardiovascular syncope increases with age. Those at greatest risk are people who have any of the following conditions: Coronary artery disease (clogged blood vessels to the heart), Chest pain caused by angina (lower blood supply to the heart), Prior heart attack (myocardial infarction), Ventricular dysfunction (weakness in the heart’s pumping chambers), Cardiomyopathy (structural problems with the heart’s muscles), An abnormal electrocardiogram (a common test to check for abnormal heart rhythms), Recurrent episodes of fainting that come on suddenly and without warning, Fainting during exertional activity or exercise, Some congenital heart defects or syndromes (like William’s syndrome), Channellopathies (defects of the electrical system of the heart) like Long QT syndrome and Brugada Syndrome. […] Syncope is a symptom that can be caused by many different factors. When it comes to treatment, there is no „one size fits all” approach, making an accurate diagnosis very important. Treatment should address the underlying cause of syncope.

• #75 Fainting

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/fainting/

  Fainting is sudden brief loss of consciousness with falling down. […] Fainting is a brief loss of consciousness. Normal awareness returns in less than 1 minute if the person is allowed to lie down. […] Causes: in teens, 98% is simple fainting. Less than 1% have heart problems. In older adults, serious causes are much more common. […] Cause of Simple Fainting: decreased blood flow to the brain. […] Most fainting is harmless. There is a risk of a head or face injury from sudden falling. […] Cardiac syncope. Any fainting that happens during exercise needs a heart work-up. This cause is rare in children. […] Simple fainting doesn’t cause any long-term problems. […] Simple fainting is due to a sudden drop in blood flow to the brain. […] Fainting is common and happens in 15% of teens. […] Standing too long in one place is the most common cause of fainting. It’s caused by blood pooling in the legs. […] If you tend to faint, extra water and salt are key. […] Fainting is a frequent problem.

• #76 What Causes Fainting (Syncope) Spells?

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/fainting/article_em.htm

  The prognosis of a person who has fainted depends greatly on the underlying cause, age of patient and available treatments. Cardiac syncope carries the highest chance of sudden death especially in the elderly. Fainting that is not associated with cardiac or neurologic disease, however, presents a more limited risk although it is higher than in the general population.

• #77 Syncope: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17536-syncope

  Syncope, or passing out, happens when you don’t have enough blood flowing to your brain. There are many causes for this, depending on the type of syncope. […] Vasovagal syncope happens when you have a sudden drop in blood pressure, which causes a drop in blood flow to your brain. It often occurs after standing for a while or under emotional distress. […] Situational syncope happens only during certain situations that affect your nervous system and lead to syncope. […] Postural syncope happens when your blood pressure drops suddenly due to a quick change in position, such as standing up after lying down. […] Cardiac syncope can occur if you have a heart or blood vessel condition that affects blood flow to your brain. […] Neurologic syncope can happen when you have a neurological condition such as a seizure, stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). […] The cause of syncope is unknown in about 33% of people who have it.

• #78 Syncope: epidemiology, etiology, and prognosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4258989/

  It is an extrinsic sinus node disease that is characterized by pre-syncope or syncope exacerbated by the carotid sinus reflex response. […] Neurological causes are cerebrovascular disease, autonomic dysfunction and subclavian steal syndrome. […] There are endocrinological causes that can be presented as orthostatic hypotension to cause autonomic dysfunction or hypovolemia. […] The pathophysiology, approach, prognosis and treatment depend on the cause of syncope, and mandatory their identification, since their annual mortality can reach between 18 and 33% if cardiac cause, and between 0 and 12% if the non-cardiac cause. […] Thus, prognosis is determined by the underlying etiology specifically the presence and severity of cardiac disease. And it is imperative to identify its cause and risk stratification for positive impact in reducing morbidity and mortality.

• #79

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/heart-vascular/conditions/syncope

  Syncope is usually nothing to get worried about, but it can be a sign of a more serious condition. […] A syncopal episode can be triggered by something easily correctable, such as forgetting to eat or drink, or it can be a sign of a more serious heart condition. […] A syncopal episode is often caused by something that’s easily treatable, like dehydration. Sometimes syncope is caused by a life-threatening condition, like a dangerous, irregular heart rhythm. […] Common causes of syncope include dehydration or low blood sugar from going without food for a long time, intense pain, being under the influence of drugs or alcohol, hard coughing, abrupt change in physical posture, emotional response to a traumatic or sometimes even extremely happy event, cardiovascular conditions such as arrhythmia, heart valve disease, blood clots, and neurological disorders such as migraine headaches, seizures, stroke or ministroke, Parkinson’s disease or other nervous system disorders.

• #80 When should you worry about fainting? – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/when-should-you-worry-about-fainting

  Fainting usually is caused by a temporary drop in blood pressure. During that brief drop, the brain does not get the blood flow that it needs and you lose consciousness. One serious cause of this drop in blood pressure is bleeding, such as in the stomach or intestines, or from a rupture of the body’s main artery, the aorta. […] Several different heart problems also can temporarily lower blood pressure. One is heart block, in which the heart beats too slowly to pump enough blood. A very fast or irregular heart rhythm can cause the heart to pump blood less efficiently. Abnormalities of a heart valve, particularly a stiffening of the aortic valve, also can cause a temporary loss in pressure. […] Another serious cause of a sudden loss of consciousness is a seizure, which is an abnormality of the brain, not related to blood pressure.

• #81

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/advocate-heart-institute/conditions/syncope

  Syncope, commonly known as fainting, happens if you have a sudden, temporary drop in blood pressure or heart rate. […] Many factors, such as strong emotions, heavy sweating, exhaustion or pooling of blood in the legs can trigger syncope. […] A syncopal episode is often caused by something thats easily treatable, like dehydration. Sometimes syncope is caused by a life-threatening condition, like a dangerous, irregular heart rhythm. Common causes of syncope include: […] Cardiac syncope is more common in men and those over age 60. […] Common causes of cardiac syncope include: […] Vasovagal syncope causes you to faint when you see blood or experience other emotional distress. […] Neurologic syncope is much less common than other types of syncope. It can happen when you have a neurological condition such as a seizure, stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), also known as a ministroke.

• #82 Syncope (Fainting)

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/heart-and-vascular-care/diseases-conditions/syncope-fainting-/

  […] […] Vasovagal syncope. The most common type of syncope. Occurs when you faint because your body overreacts to certain triggers, such as the sight of blood, extreme emotional distress, dehydration, anxiety, pain, hunger, etc. […] Postural syncope (postural hypotension). This type of syncope occurs due to an abrupt change in body position (for example, lying down to standing). […] Cardiac syncope. This type of syncope is caused by a heart or blood vessel condition, such as heart arrhythmias, congenital heart disease, heart valve disease, aortic stenosis, or heart failure. […] Neurologic syncope. This type of syncope is caused by a neurological condition such as seizure and stroke or transient ischemic attack. Migraines are a less common condition.

• #83 Syncope Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/811669-differential

  Consider and diagnose life-threatening etiologies of syncope. […] Educate patients adequately about the etiology of the syncope and preventive measures to avoid recurrence. […] Vasomotor/vascular conditions to consider in patients with suspected syncope include dehydration, diabetic neuropathy, diuresis, drug-induced orthostasis, dysautonomia, ectopic pregnancy, hemorrhage, hypotension, hypovolemia, multisystem atrophy, peripheral polyneuropathy, postural hypotension, subclavian steal, vasodepressor/vasovagal response, and vasomotor insufficiency. […] Cardiac conditions to consider in patients with suspected syncope include bradydysrhythmias, cardiac myxoma, cardiac outflow obstruction, dysrhythmias, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, primary pulmonary hypertension, prolonged QT syndrome, sick sinus syndrome, sinoatrial block, sinus pause, tachydysrhythmias, and tricuspid stenosis.

• #84 Syncope (fainting) – myDr.com.au

  https://mydr.com.au/heart-stroke/syncope-fainting/

  Syncope is a sudden, temporary loss of consciousness, also known as fainting or passing out, which is caused by a reduction in the blood flow to the brain. […] Syncope can be due to a number of different causes. The most common cause is vasovagal syncope (also known as neurally mediated syncope), where in response to a certain stimulus there is a simultaneous drop in heart rate and dilatation (widening) of blood vessels. This causes pooling of blood in the legs, leading to a lack of blood flow to the brain. […] Other less common causes of syncope include: arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms); orthostatic hypotension (a drop in blood pressure when standing), which may in turn be due to a number of causes; structural heart disease; and cerebrovascular diseases (conditions caused by problems with the blood vessels in the brain). […] Treatment for syncope depends on the underlying cause. […] If the syncope is due to another condition such as underlying heart disease specific treatment for that condition will be arranged.

• #85 Syncope Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/811669-differential

  Metabolic/endocrine conditions to consider in patients with suspected syncope include hypothyroidism, hypoxemia, and pheochromocytoma. […] Central nervous system conditions to consider in patients with suspected syncope include hyperventilation syndrome, hydrocephalus, migraine headache, narcolepsy, panic attacks, and seizure disorder.

• #86 What is syncope (passing out), and what are the causes

  https://virtualheadachespecialist.com/syncope-episode-syncope-definition-and-syncope-causes/

  The loss of consciousness associated with a syncopal episode typically lasts a few seconds to 30 seconds, up to about a minute or so. […] This is your classic vasovagal response where there is a sudden decrease in heart rate followed by an abrupt drop in blood pressure leading to syncope and collapse (passing out, or fainting). […] The diagnosis of seizure is best made by the company it keeps (associated symptoms with the syncopal event). […] This correlates to dysautonomia, also known as autonomic neuropathy. […] The result is often a disconnect between blood pressure and heart rate where they are not working in synchronicity together, leading to symptoms such as syncope. […] If this is the cause, it is typically associated with other neurological symptoms, particularly of the posterior circulation.

• #87 Syncope: epidemiology, etiology, and prognosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4258989/

  It is an extrinsic sinus node disease that is characterized by pre-syncope or syncope exacerbated by the carotid sinus reflex response. […] Neurological causes are cerebrovascular disease, autonomic dysfunction and subclavian steal syndrome. […] There are endocrinological causes that can be presented as orthostatic hypotension to cause autonomic dysfunction or hypovolemia. […] The pathophysiology, approach, prognosis and treatment depend on the cause of syncope, and mandatory their identification, since their annual mortality can reach between 18 and 33% if cardiac cause, and between 0 and 12% if the non-cardiac cause. […] Thus, prognosis is determined by the underlying etiology specifically the presence and severity of cardiac disease. And it is imperative to identify its cause and risk stratification for positive impact in reducing morbidity and mortality.

• #88 Syncope Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/811669-differential

  Metabolic/endocrine conditions to consider in patients with suspected syncope include hypothyroidism, hypoxemia, and pheochromocytoma. […] Central nervous system conditions to consider in patients with suspected syncope include hyperventilation syndrome, hydrocephalus, migraine headache, narcolepsy, panic attacks, and seizure disorder.

• #89 Fainting: Causes & First Aid Tips

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21699-fainting

  Vasovagal syncope: This can occur when a person experiences a stressful event. Examples include the sight of blood, emotional stress, physical trauma, emotional trauma or pain. The stressful event stimulates a bodily reflex called the vasovagal reaction. Your heart slows down and pumps less blood, so your blood pressure drops. Then, your brain doesn’t get enough oxygenated blood, and you faint. Certain bodily movements or functions also can naturally cause a drop in blood pressure that may lead to fainting spells. Examples include when a person pees, poops, coughs or stretches. […] You may faint because of: Certain medications that treat high blood pressure, such as diuretics (water pills), calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Other examples include nitrates for heart disease, antipsychotics for mental health disorders, antihistamines for allergies and opioids for pain.

• #90 Fainting: Symptoms, Causes & Preventative Measures – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/fainting

  Cardiac syncope occurs due to a problem with the heart, which affects its ability to pump enough blood to the brain. […] A carotid sinus syncope can occur if something pinches or presses upon these blood vessels. […] Vasovagal syncope is a neurally mediated syncope triggered by a stressful event. It occurs when the nervous system overreacts and blood pressure drops. […] Dehydration (lack of enough fluids), excessive sweating, and overheating can lead to fainting spells. […] Orthostatic hypotension is a type of postural low blood pressure that occurs when one moves too quickly from sitting or lying to standing. […] People with diabetes who take insulin and other diabetes medications can develop hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). […] Other causes of fainting may include an underlying health condition such as anemia, seizure disorders, head injury, heart attack, or stroke.

• #91 Syncope Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/811669-differential

  Metabolic/endocrine conditions to consider in patients with suspected syncope include hypothyroidism, hypoxemia, and pheochromocytoma. […] Central nervous system conditions to consider in patients with suspected syncope include hyperventilation syndrome, hydrocephalus, migraine headache, narcolepsy, panic attacks, and seizure disorder.

• #92 Table: Some Causes of Syncope-Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/multimedia/table/some-causes-of-syncope

  Pericardial tamponade or constriction […] Vasovagal (neurocardiogenic) […] Anaphylaxis […] Orthostatic hypotension […] Autonomic dysfunction […] Deconditioning caused by prolonged bed rest […] Anemia […] Endocrine disorders (eg, adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism) […] Cerebrovascular […] Migraine […] Hyperventilation […] Hypoglycemia […] Psychiatric disorders.

• #93 Syncope Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/811669-differential

  Metabolic/endocrine conditions to consider in patients with suspected syncope include hypothyroidism, hypoxemia, and pheochromocytoma. […] Central nervous system conditions to consider in patients with suspected syncope include hyperventilation syndrome, hydrocephalus, migraine headache, narcolepsy, panic attacks, and seizure disorder.

• #94 Fainting (Syncope): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/fainting/article.htm

  Low blood pressure (orthostatic hypotension) Blood vessels need to maintain their tone so that the body can withstand the effects of gravity with changes in position. […] Anemia (low red blood cell count), whether it occurs acutely from bleeding or gradually for a variety of reasons, can cause fainting because there aren’t enough red blood cells to deliver oxygen to the brain. […] Dehydration, or lack of water in the body can similarly cause fainting or syncope. […] In young people, especially athletes, fainting or syncope can occur because of abnormal thickening of parts of the heart muscle (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). […] Abnormalities with the heart valves can also cause fainting or syncope. […] Structural problems with the heart can cause fainting or syncope, either because there is a problem with the ability of the heart to adequately pump blood or because of valve problems.

• #95 Fainting: Causes & First Aid Tips

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21699-fainting

  Vasovagal syncope: This can occur when a person experiences a stressful event. Examples include the sight of blood, emotional stress, physical trauma, emotional trauma or pain. The stressful event stimulates a bodily reflex called the vasovagal reaction. Your heart slows down and pumps less blood, so your blood pressure drops. Then, your brain doesn’t get enough oxygenated blood, and you faint. Certain bodily movements or functions also can naturally cause a drop in blood pressure that may lead to fainting spells. Examples include when a person pees, poops, coughs or stretches. […] You may faint because of: Certain medications that treat high blood pressure, such as diuretics (water pills), calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Other examples include nitrates for heart disease, antipsychotics for mental health disorders, antihistamines for allergies and opioids for pain.

• #96 6 Common Causes of Fainting and Dizziness: NY Neurology Associates: Neurologists

  https://www.nyneurologists.com/blog/6-common-causes-of-fainting-and-dizziness

  Individuals with heart problems can cause a reduced supply of blood to the brain. In this instance, the fainting is a symptom of the underlying heart condition. Individuals with known cardiac issues are most likely to have heart-related fainting. Fainting spells that happen repeatedly or that have a sudden onset should be checked in order to rule out a heart condition. […] Strokes occur when a blockage prevents adequate blood flow from reaching the brain. This can result in a loss of consciousness due to the reduced blood flow. […] When blood sugar drops too low, the body cannot function properly, which can result in fainting.

• #97 Fainting (Syncope): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/fainting/article.htm

  Low blood pressure (orthostatic hypotension) Blood vessels need to maintain their tone so that the body can withstand the effects of gravity with changes in position. […] Anemia (low red blood cell count), whether it occurs acutely from bleeding or gradually for a variety of reasons, can cause fainting because there aren’t enough red blood cells to deliver oxygen to the brain. […] Dehydration, or lack of water in the body can similarly cause fainting or syncope. […] In young people, especially athletes, fainting or syncope can occur because of abnormal thickening of parts of the heart muscle (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). […] Abnormalities with the heart valves can also cause fainting or syncope. […] Structural problems with the heart can cause fainting or syncope, either because there is a problem with the ability of the heart to adequately pump blood or because of valve problems.

• #98

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/head-neck-nervous-system/Pages/Dizziness-and-Fainting-Spells.aspx

  Passing out or fainting also known by the medical term syncope is common among young people, especially teenagers. […] Most often, fainting happens in otherwise healthy children when there is a temporary drop in the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the brain (blood pressure). […] Dehydration is the most common cause of fainting in children. Not drinking enough fluids also reduces blood volume and lowers blood pressure. […] In some cases, fainting can be a sign of an underlying health problem or condition, such as: Iron-deficiency. Anemia, when there’s insufficient iron in the blood to deliver enough oxygen to brain, can cause of fainting in rapidly growing teens especially girls who get heavy periods. […] Fainting that happens during exercise always needs medical follow-up. […] Most children and teens who faint recover quickly and without any lasting harm.

• #99 Fainting: Causes & First Aid Tips

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21699-fainting

  Vasovagal syncope: This can occur when a person experiences a stressful event. Examples include the sight of blood, emotional stress, physical trauma, emotional trauma or pain. The stressful event stimulates a bodily reflex called the vasovagal reaction. Your heart slows down and pumps less blood, so your blood pressure drops. Then, your brain doesn’t get enough oxygenated blood, and you faint. Certain bodily movements or functions also can naturally cause a drop in blood pressure that may lead to fainting spells. Examples include when a person pees, poops, coughs or stretches. […] You may faint because of: Certain medications that treat high blood pressure, such as diuretics (water pills), calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Other examples include nitrates for heart disease, antipsychotics for mental health disorders, antihistamines for allergies and opioids for pain.

• #100 Fainting: What It Feels Like and What Causes It

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/understanding-fainting-basics

  Certain medications. They include anti-seizure medications, antidepressants, blood pressure drugs, muscle relaxants, nitroglycerin, pain relievers, and sleeping pills. […] Fainting during pregnancy. This happens because of hormone changes and a lack of blood and oxygen to your brain. You may feel faint if you stand up too quickly or lie on your back. […] Fainting, or syncope, is a temporary loss of consciousness caused by a lowered blood flow to the brain. Various conditions can trigger fainting, ranging from mild to serious. These include heart irregularities, low blood sugar, anemia, and nervous system issues that affect blood pressure regulation.

• #101 Fainting: Causes, Treatment, & Diagnosis- K Health

  https://khealth.com/learn/symptom/fainting/

  Situations that can cause this include: alcohol or drugs, anxiety, dehydration, emotional stress, fear, hunger, hyperventilation, pain, prolonged standing, heat exposure. […] While syncope is sometimes caused by an underlying medical issue, that’s not always the case. […] There are many factors that can lead to fainting, even in otherwise healthy individuals. […] These include: dehydration, vasovagal attack, anxiety, postural hypotension, heart problems, hyperventilation, neurological conditions, blood sugar, drugs or alcohol, certain medications. […] Fainting is caused by a sudden drop in blood pressure, which decreases the blood flow to the brain. […] It could be caused by a pre-existing medical issue, or any number of factors such as anxiety, dehydration, drug or alcohol use, heart conditions, hyperventilation, low blood sugar levels, some neurological conditions, and prescribed medications.

• #102 Fainting: Causes & First Aid Tips

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21699-fainting

  Vasovagal syncope: This can occur when a person experiences a stressful event. Examples include the sight of blood, emotional stress, physical trauma, emotional trauma or pain. The stressful event stimulates a bodily reflex called the vasovagal reaction. Your heart slows down and pumps less blood, so your blood pressure drops. Then, your brain doesn’t get enough oxygenated blood, and you faint. Certain bodily movements or functions also can naturally cause a drop in blood pressure that may lead to fainting spells. Examples include when a person pees, poops, coughs or stretches. […] You may faint because of: Certain medications that treat high blood pressure, such as diuretics (water pills), calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Other examples include nitrates for heart disease, antipsychotics for mental health disorders, antihistamines for allergies and opioids for pain.

• #103 Fainting: Causes & First Aid Tips

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21699-fainting

  Vasovagal syncope: This can occur when a person experiences a stressful event. Examples include the sight of blood, emotional stress, physical trauma, emotional trauma or pain. The stressful event stimulates a bodily reflex called the vasovagal reaction. Your heart slows down and pumps less blood, so your blood pressure drops. Then, your brain doesn’t get enough oxygenated blood, and you faint. Certain bodily movements or functions also can naturally cause a drop in blood pressure that may lead to fainting spells. Examples include when a person pees, poops, coughs or stretches. […] You may faint because of: Certain medications that treat high blood pressure, such as diuretics (water pills), calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Other examples include nitrates for heart disease, antipsychotics for mental health disorders, antihistamines for allergies and opioids for pain.

• #104 Fainting: Causes & First Aid Tips

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21699-fainting

  Vasovagal syncope: This can occur when a person experiences a stressful event. Examples include the sight of blood, emotional stress, physical trauma, emotional trauma or pain. The stressful event stimulates a bodily reflex called the vasovagal reaction. Your heart slows down and pumps less blood, so your blood pressure drops. Then, your brain doesn’t get enough oxygenated blood, and you faint. Certain bodily movements or functions also can naturally cause a drop in blood pressure that may lead to fainting spells. Examples include when a person pees, poops, coughs or stretches. […] You may faint because of: Certain medications that treat high blood pressure, such as diuretics (water pills), calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Other examples include nitrates for heart disease, antipsychotics for mental health disorders, antihistamines for allergies and opioids for pain.

• #105 Fainting: Causes & First Aid Tips

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21699-fainting

  Vasovagal syncope: This can occur when a person experiences a stressful event. Examples include the sight of blood, emotional stress, physical trauma, emotional trauma or pain. The stressful event stimulates a bodily reflex called the vasovagal reaction. Your heart slows down and pumps less blood, so your blood pressure drops. Then, your brain doesn’t get enough oxygenated blood, and you faint. Certain bodily movements or functions also can naturally cause a drop in blood pressure that may lead to fainting spells. Examples include when a person pees, poops, coughs or stretches. […] You may faint because of: Certain medications that treat high blood pressure, such as diuretics (water pills), calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Other examples include nitrates for heart disease, antipsychotics for mental health disorders, antihistamines for allergies and opioids for pain.

• #106 Fainting: Causes & First Aid Tips

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21699-fainting

  Vasovagal syncope: This can occur when a person experiences a stressful event. Examples include the sight of blood, emotional stress, physical trauma, emotional trauma or pain. The stressful event stimulates a bodily reflex called the vasovagal reaction. Your heart slows down and pumps less blood, so your blood pressure drops. Then, your brain doesn’t get enough oxygenated blood, and you faint. Certain bodily movements or functions also can naturally cause a drop in blood pressure that may lead to fainting spells. Examples include when a person pees, poops, coughs or stretches. […] You may faint because of: Certain medications that treat high blood pressure, such as diuretics (water pills), calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Other examples include nitrates for heart disease, antipsychotics for mental health disorders, antihistamines for allergies and opioids for pain.

• #107 Fainting: What It Feels Like and What Causes It

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/understanding-fainting-basics

  Certain medications. They include anti-seizure medications, antidepressants, blood pressure drugs, muscle relaxants, nitroglycerin, pain relievers, and sleeping pills. […] Fainting during pregnancy. This happens because of hormone changes and a lack of blood and oxygen to your brain. You may feel faint if you stand up too quickly or lie on your back. […] Fainting, or syncope, is a temporary loss of consciousness caused by a lowered blood flow to the brain. Various conditions can trigger fainting, ranging from mild to serious. These include heart irregularities, low blood sugar, anemia, and nervous system issues that affect blood pressure regulation.

• #108 Causes of Fainting: Reasons for Passing Out

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/causes-of-fainting-1298399

  Alcohol misuse and substance abuse can cause people to pass out. […] Some medications can increase the risk of passing out, whether taken alone or when interacting with other drugs and supplements. […] Orthostatic hypotension (a drop in blood pressure when you stand up) can cause you to pass out suddenly. […] Some people pass out when they see blood, which is caused by a vasovagal response. […] Episodes of syncope are common in pregnant people, due to both hormonal changes affecting blood vessels and physical changes including the blood volume in the body. […] Fainting is a sudden loss of consciousness from a lack of blood flow to the brain. It can be caused by many things, including dehydration, shock, too much alcohol, and even anxiety.

• #109 Fainting

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/fainting/

  Fainting is when you pass out for a short time. […] There are many reasons why someone might faint. […] Causes include: standing up too quickly this could be a sign of low blood pressure, not eating or drinking enough, being too hot, being very upset, angry or in severe pain, heart problems, taking drugs or drinking too much alcohol. […] Its probably nothing serious, but its important to get checked by a GP to find out what might have caused it.

• #110 Causes of Fainting (Syncope) | American Geriatrics Society | HealthInAging.org

  https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/fainting-syncope/causes

  Fainting often happens when your brain has a short-lived decrease in blood flow. […] Fainting can be a symptom of one or more possibly serious health problems. Some causes are harmless, and others can cause death. […] In older adults, the most common causes of fainting are: […] This means a quick drop in blood pressure. […] Fainting can be caused by carotid sinus syndrome. […] Fainting related to heart problems can be serious. It can be caused by: […] Conditions of the brain or nervous system, including strokes or narrowing of the blood vessels in the brain. […] Drug side effects and how they interact with each other can cause fainting.

• #111 Fainting: Causes, Types, and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/fainting

  Fainting, or the temporary loss of consciousness, can occur if your brain isnt getting enough oxygen. Fainting may be triggered by a number of factors, including dehydration, low blood sugar, standing up too quickly, or certain medications. […] Fainting can be triggered by a number of factors, including: fear or other emotional trauma, severe pain, a sudden drop in blood pressure, low blood sugar due to diabetes, hyperventilation, dehydration, standing in one position for too long, standing up too quickly, physical exertion in hot temperatures, coughing too hard, straining during a bowel movement, consuming drugs or alcohol, seizures. […] Medications that can cause your blood pressure to drop also increase your chance of fainting. These include certain medications used to treat high blood pressure, allergies, depression, anxiety. […] Youre also more likely to faint if you have any of these conditions: diabetes, heart disease, atherosclerosis, an irregular heartbeat, or arrhythmia, anxiety or panic attacks, chronic lung disease, such as emphysema. […] In many cases, the cause of fainting is unclear.

• #112 Fainting

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/fainting/

  Fainting is when you pass out for a short time. […] There are many reasons why someone might faint. […] Causes include: standing up too quickly this could be a sign of low blood pressure, not eating or drinking enough, being too hot, being very upset, angry or in severe pain, heart problems, taking drugs or drinking too much alcohol. […] Its probably nothing serious, but its important to get checked by a GP to find out what might have caused it.

• #113 Fainting: What It Feels Like and What Causes It

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/understanding-fainting-basics

  Certain medications. They include anti-seizure medications, antidepressants, blood pressure drugs, muscle relaxants, nitroglycerin, pain relievers, and sleeping pills. […] Fainting during pregnancy. This happens because of hormone changes and a lack of blood and oxygen to your brain. You may feel faint if you stand up too quickly or lie on your back. […] Fainting, or syncope, is a temporary loss of consciousness caused by a lowered blood flow to the brain. Various conditions can trigger fainting, ranging from mild to serious. These include heart irregularities, low blood sugar, anemia, and nervous system issues that affect blood pressure regulation.

• #114 Fainting (Syncope): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/fainting/article.htm

  Fainting causes a decrease in blood flow to the brain because The heart fails to pump the blood. The blood vessels don’t have enough tone to maintain blood pressure to deliver the blood to the brain. There is not enough blood or fluid within the blood vessels. A combination of reasons one, two, or all three. […] Vasovagal syncope is one of the most common causes of fainting. In this situation, the balance between the chemicals adrenaline and acetylcholine is disrupted. […] Pain can stimulate the vagus nerve and is a common cause of fainting (vasovagal syncope). Other noxious stimuli can do the same thing, including situational stressors. […] Fainting is related to pregnancy. Likely explanations include compression of the inferior vena cava (the large vein that returns blood to the heart) by the enlarging uterus and by orthostatic hypotension.

• #115 Syncope (Fainting) | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/symptoms-diagnosis–monitoring-of-arrhythmia/syncope-fainting

  Syncope is also called fainting or passing out. […] It most often occurs when blood pressure is too low and the heart doesn’t pump enough oxygen to the brain. It can be harmless or a symptom of an underlying medical condition. […] Syncope is a symptom that can have several causes, ranging from harmless to life-threatening conditions. Many non-life-threatening factors, such as strong emotions, heavy sweating, exhaustion or the pooling of blood in the legs due to sudden changes in body position, can trigger syncope. […] However, several serious heart conditions, such as bradycardia, tachycardia or blood flow obstruction, can also cause syncope. […] Cardiac (cardiovascular) syncope is caused by various heart conditions, such as bradycardia, tachycardia or certain types of low blood pressure. It can indicate an increased risk of sudden cardiac death.

• #116

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=not245139&

  Heat syncope occurs when a person faints suddenly and loses consciousness because of low blood pressure. Heat causes the blood vessels to expand (dilate), so body fluid moves into the legs by gravity, which causes low blood pressure and may result in fainting. […] Heat syncope can be caused by blood pooling in the legs if a person has been standing still for a long time in a hot environment. It can also be caused by vigorous physical activity for 2 or more hours before the fainting happens. […] A person’s risk of developing heat syncope increases when the person has not adjusted (acclimated) to a hot environment. Being dehydrated may also increase the risk for heat syncope. […] Heat syncope is sometimes a symptom of a nervous system, metabolic, or cardiovascular problem that needs further medical evaluation.

• #117 Syncope Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/811669-differential

  Metabolic/endocrine conditions to consider in patients with suspected syncope include hypothyroidism, hypoxemia, and pheochromocytoma. […] Central nervous system conditions to consider in patients with suspected syncope include hyperventilation syndrome, hydrocephalus, migraine headache, narcolepsy, panic attacks, and seizure disorder.

• #118 Fainting | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/fainting

  Common causes of fainting include heat, pain, distress, the sight of blood, anxiety and hyperventilating. […] Frequent fainting spells need to be medically investigated to check for underlying causes. […] A temporary drop in blood pressure can be caused by different factors, including prolonged standing, extreme heat, emotional distress, severe pain, the sight of blood, the sight of a hypodermic needle, and other events that a person may find distressing. […] Hypotension can be caused by a variety of factors including heart disease and abnormal heart rhythms, some infections, dehydration, and medications for high blood pressure or certain heart conditions. […] Frequent fainting spells or sensations of light-headedness need to be medically investigated to check for underlying causes. […] Causes of orthostatic hypotension include nervous system diseases, such as neuropathy, prolonged bed rest, dehydration, irregular heartbeat (heart arrhythmia), and changes in blood pressure medication.

• #119 Fainting: Symptoms, Causes & Preventative Measures – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/fainting

  Certain medications can cause fainting as a side effect. […] Certain lifestyle factors can lead to fainting, such as skipping meals, not drinking enough water, physical exhaustion, hyperventilating, standing up quickly, or using alcohol, marijuana, or illegal drugs. […] The most common cause of syncope or fainting is a sudden drop in blood pressure, which decreases blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain.

• #120 Fainting and Vaccines | Vaccine Safety | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/about/fainting.html

  Fainting, also called syncope, is a temporary loss of consciousness caused by a decreased blood flow to the brain. Sometimes people faint after vaccination. […] Fainting can happen after many types of vaccinations. […] Fainting after getting a vaccine is most commonly reported after three vaccines given to adolescents: HPV, MCV4, and Tdap. Because the ingredients of these three vaccines are different, yet fainting is seen with all of them, scientists think that fainting is due to the vaccination process and not to the vaccines themselves. However, there is not yet a definite answer about whether an ingredient of the vaccines is responsible for the fainting or if adolescents are simply more likely than children or adults to experience fainting. […] Reports from VAERS shows that fainting after vaccinations is common in adolescents. One study of VAERS reports found that 62% of syncope reports were among adolescents 11 to 18 years old. However, because syncope may not always be reported, VAERS data cannot be used to determine how often fainting happens after vaccination.

• #121 Fainting (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/fainting.html

  Fainting is a temporary loss of consciousness. It happens when there isn’t enough blood going to the brain because of a drop in blood pressure. […] Blood pressure can drop from dehydration, a quick change in position, standing or sitting still for a long period, or a sudden fear of something (such as the sight of blood). […] Getting too hot or being in a crowded, poorly ventilated setting are common causes of fainting. Sometimes just standing for a very long time or getting up too fast after sitting or lying down can cause someone to faint. […] Emotions like fright, pain, anxiety, or shock can cause blood pressure to drop. This is the reason why people faint when something frightens or horrifies them, like the sight of blood. […] Conditions such as heart problems, anemia, low blood sugar, or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) can cause fainting. […] During pregnancy, the body undergoes a lot of changes, including changes in the circulatory system. These may cause a woman to faint. And as the uterus grows, it can press on and partially block blood flow through large blood vessels, which can decrease blood supply to the brain.

• #122 Causes of Fainting: Reasons for Passing Out

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/causes-of-fainting-1298399

  Alcohol misuse and substance abuse can cause people to pass out. […] Some medications can increase the risk of passing out, whether taken alone or when interacting with other drugs and supplements. […] Orthostatic hypotension (a drop in blood pressure when you stand up) can cause you to pass out suddenly. […] Some people pass out when they see blood, which is caused by a vasovagal response. […] Episodes of syncope are common in pregnant people, due to both hormonal changes affecting blood vessels and physical changes including the blood volume in the body. […] Fainting is a sudden loss of consciousness from a lack of blood flow to the brain. It can be caused by many things, including dehydration, shock, too much alcohol, and even anxiety.

• #123 Syncope: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17536-syncope

  Syncope, or passing out, happens when you don’t have enough blood flowing to your brain. There are many causes for this, depending on the type of syncope. […] Vasovagal syncope happens when you have a sudden drop in blood pressure, which causes a drop in blood flow to your brain. It often occurs after standing for a while or under emotional distress. […] Situational syncope happens only during certain situations that affect your nervous system and lead to syncope. […] Postural syncope happens when your blood pressure drops suddenly due to a quick change in position, such as standing up after lying down. […] Cardiac syncope can occur if you have a heart or blood vessel condition that affects blood flow to your brain. […] Neurologic syncope can happen when you have a neurological condition such as a seizure, stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). […] The cause of syncope is unknown in about 33% of people who have it.

• #124 Fainting (Syncope): Definition, Symptoms, Causes & Possible Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/symptoms-and-conditions/fainting

  Nearly half the time, the precise cause of the fainting episode is never identified. […] Fainting may occur due to the following: Anxiety, fear or panic, Dehydration, Excessive or violent coughing, Hunger or hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), Hyperventilation, Low blood pressure, Medication side effects, Orthostatic hypotension (drops in blood pressure from standing too quickly), Pregnancy, Straining during bowel movements, Urination. […] In some cases, fainting or loss of consciousness may be a symptom of a serious or life-threatening condition that should be immediately evaluated in an emergency setting. These include: Anemia, Aortic dissection, Brain hemorrhage, Brain tumor, Cardiac disease: arrhythmia, valve dysfunction, Diabetic ketoacidosis (life-threatening complication of diabetes), Ectopic pregnancy, Head injury, Myocardial infarction (heart attack), Seizures, Severe blood loss, Shock, Stroke.

• #125 Why did I faint for no reason? – The Colony ER Hospital

  https://thecolonyer.com/why-did-i-faint-for-no-reason/

  Fainting is the loss of consciousness due to the short-term, sudden drop in blood flow to the brain. The medical term is syncope, but passing out is more commonly used. […] Realistically, you would never pass out for no reason. Something is going on internally in the body that causes this action to occur where the blood flow and oxygen level to the brain experience a sudden change. […] Up to 40% of cases have an unknown reason. […] Heart condition. […] Stress. […] Standing in one place for too long. […] Straining during a bowel movement. […] Medication dosage. […] Dehydration. […] Overheating. […] Seizures or Strokes. […] Diabetes a sudden drop in blood sugar. […] Vasovagal Syncope: This involves the vagus nerve and fainting triggered by emotional trauma, stress, the sight of blood, or standing too long. […] Carotid Sinus Syncope: This occurs when the carotid artery is disrupted, like wearing a too-tight collar. […] Situational Syncope: This happens when straining while completing something, like coughing, urinating, bowel movements, or gastrointestinal problems.

• #126 Syncope: epidemiology, etiology, and prognosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4258989/

  It is an extrinsic sinus node disease that is characterized by pre-syncope or syncope exacerbated by the carotid sinus reflex response. […] Neurological causes are cerebrovascular disease, autonomic dysfunction and subclavian steal syndrome. […] There are endocrinological causes that can be presented as orthostatic hypotension to cause autonomic dysfunction or hypovolemia. […] The pathophysiology, approach, prognosis and treatment depend on the cause of syncope, and mandatory their identification, since their annual mortality can reach between 18 and 33% if cardiac cause, and between 0 and 12% if the non-cardiac cause. […] Thus, prognosis is determined by the underlying etiology specifically the presence and severity of cardiac disease. And it is imperative to identify its cause and risk stratification for positive impact in reducing morbidity and mortality.

• #127 Syncope (Fainting) | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/symptoms-diagnosis–monitoring-of-arrhythmia/syncope-fainting

  Other disorders can cause syncope. It can also be caused by some medications. […] Some types of syncope that suggest a serious disorder are those: Occurring during exercise or exertion, Associated with palpitations or irregularities of the heart, Associated with family history of recurrent syncope, heart disease at a young age or sudden death. […] Patients of any age may need medication to help control or improve syncope.

• #128 Syncope (Fainting) | UpBeat.org – powered by the Heart Rhythm Society

  https://upbeat.org/early-warning-signs/syncope

  Cardiovascular syncope is usually sudden. There may be no warning signs that an individual is about to faint. […] Fainting is the primary symptom – and may be the only warning sign – of Long QT Syndrome (LQTS), an inherited electrical disorder of the heart. LQTS is believed to be a common cause of sudden and unexplained death in children and young adults. […] The most dangerous but rare type of fainting is caused by an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) or by structural damage to the heart. […] People with underlying heart disease are at higher risk for cardiovascular syncope, although this may be the initial symptom suggesting such a problem. […] The risk of cardiovascular syncope increases with age. Those at greatest risk are people who have any of the following conditions: Coronary artery disease (clogged blood vessels to the heart), Chest pain caused by angina (lower blood supply to the heart), Prior heart attack (myocardial infarction), Ventricular dysfunction (weakness in the heart’s pumping chambers), Cardiomyopathy (structural problems with the heart’s muscles), An abnormal electrocardiogram (a common test to check for abnormal heart rhythms), Recurrent episodes of fainting that come on suddenly and without warning, Fainting during exertional activity or exercise, Some congenital heart defects or syndromes (like William’s syndrome), Channellopathies (defects of the electrical system of the heart) like Long QT syndrome and Brugada Syndrome. […] Syncope is a symptom that can be caused by many different factors. When it comes to treatment, there is no „one size fits all” approach, making an accurate diagnosis very important. Treatment should address the underlying cause of syncope.

• #129 Vasovagal Syncope | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/vasovagal-syncope.html

  Vasovagal syncope is a condition that leads to fainting in some people. It’s also called neurocardiogenic syncope or reflex syncope. It’s the most common cause of fainting. […] Several triggers can cause vasovagal syncope. To help reduce the risk of fainting, you can stay away from some of these triggers, such as: Standing for long periods, Excess heat, Intense emotion, such as fear, Intense pain, The sight of blood or a needle, Prolonged exercise, Dehydration, Skipping meals. […] Vasovagal syncope is generally not dangerous. Of course, fainting can lead to injuries from falling. Or it can be dangerous if it happens at certain times, like while driving. Most people with rare episodes of vasovagal syncope can drive safely. […] Vasovagal syncope is the most common cause of fainting. It happens when the blood vessels open too wide or the heartbeat slows, causing a temporary lack of blood flow to the brain.

• #130 Syncope: epidemiology, etiology, and prognosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4258989/

  Syncope is a common medical problem, with a frequency between 15% and 39%. […] Among the causes of syncope, the mediated neural reflex, known as neurocardiogenic or vasovagal syncope, is the most frequent. The others are of cardiac origin, orthostatic hypotension, carotid sinus hypersensitivity, neurological and endocrinological causes and psychiatric disorders. […] The main causes of syncope are summarized in Table 1 and will be discussed below. […] The causes are structural heart diseases or conditions that result in decreased cardiac output such as aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, aortic dissection, cardiac tamponade, prosthetic valve thrombosis, cardiac tumors, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism etc. […] Orthostatic or postural hypotension (OH) presents as falls, dizziness, or syncope, resulting in functional impairment, with head injury, bone fractures and hospitalization.

• #131 Syncope: epidemiology, etiology, and prognosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4258989/

  It is an extrinsic sinus node disease that is characterized by pre-syncope or syncope exacerbated by the carotid sinus reflex response. […] Neurological causes are cerebrovascular disease, autonomic dysfunction and subclavian steal syndrome. […] There are endocrinological causes that can be presented as orthostatic hypotension to cause autonomic dysfunction or hypovolemia. […] The pathophysiology, approach, prognosis and treatment depend on the cause of syncope, and mandatory their identification, since their annual mortality can reach between 18 and 33% if cardiac cause, and between 0 and 12% if the non-cardiac cause. […] Thus, prognosis is determined by the underlying etiology specifically the presence and severity of cardiac disease. And it is imperative to identify its cause and risk stratification for positive impact in reducing morbidity and mortality.

• #132 Syncope (Fainting)

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/heart-and-vascular-care/diseases-conditions/syncope-fainting-/

  Syncope is a symptom that can be due to several causes. Many non-life-threatening factors, such as overheating, dehydration, heavy sweating, exhaustion or the pooling of blood in the legs due to sudden changes in body position, can trigger syncope. However, certain conditions, traits or habits may also raise your risk for syncope. These conditions are known as risk factors and include: […] Other conditions that contribute to syncope: Coronary artery disease, Heart arrhythmias. […] Your treatment options will depend on what is causing your syncope and the results of your evaluation and testing. The goal of treatment is to keep you from having episodes of syncope. Treatment options include lifestyle changes. […] For those dehydrated, it may beneficial to increase their salt and water intake. For those without any medical condition, your doctor will provide certain guidelines to follow. For those with a medical condition, your doctor will start you with antiarrhythmic medications that will help control your hearts rhythm. If condition is more serious, your doctor will suggest more drastic options such as: Pacemaker implantation, Ablation therapy, Cardioversion, Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).

• #133 Syncope – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442006/

  Syncope accounts for around 1 to 3.5% of visits to emergency department visits in the US. […] The brain needs a constant supply of glucose (through adequate cerebral blood flow) to function and any interruption to this even for few seconds can lead to loss of consciousness or syncope. […] Any disease process which decreases blood flow can cause syncope and near syncope. […] The most common cause of syncope is vasovagal and is self-limiting. […] Mental illness and substance abuse should be considered in syncope patients where the etiology of syncope remains unclear.

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