Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=measles-mumps-and-rubella-mmr-90-P02250

  Measles is an infection caused by a virus. […] Mumps is also caused by a virus. […] Rubella (German measles) is an infection from a virus.

• #2 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=90&contentid=P02250

  Measles is an infection caused by a virus. […] Mumps is also caused by a virus. […] Rubella is an infection from a virus.

• #3 MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/mmr-vaccine/

  The MMR vaccine gives long-term protection against measles, mumps and rubella. […] The MMR vaccine protects against: measles, mumps, rubella (german measles). […] These 3 infections spread easily between people and can lead to serious problems including meningitis, blindness and hearing loss. […] If you’re pregnant, getting measles can cause premature birth, miscarriage or still birth. And getting rubella can cause serious problems for your baby such as damage to their sight and hearing. […] The MMR vaccine is not given if: you’re pregnant, you have a weakened immune system, either because of a health condition or because you are taking medicines that suppress the immune system, you’ve had a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to any ingredients in the vaccine, including gelatine or neomycin. […] Research has shown there is no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. […] Protection starts within 2 weeks of having the MMR vaccine. […] After 2 doses: around 99% of people will be protected against measles and rubella, around 88% of people will be protected against mumps.

• #4 4 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine | Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality | The National Academies Press

  https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/13164/chapter/6

  Measles is caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense nonsegmented RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus and the family Paramyxoviridae that encodes at least eight structural proteins (Gershon, 2010a). […] Serious complications of measles include pneumonia, postinfectious encephalitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), and death (Johnson et al., 1984; Miller, 1987; Strebel et al., 2008). […] Johnson and Goodpasture (1934) identified the causative agent of mumps in 1934, and in 1945 Habel and Enders successfully cultivated the virus in chick embryos (Enders, 1946; Habel, 1945). […] The first inactivated mumps vaccine was developed in 1946 and tested in humans in 1951 (Habel, 1946, 1951). […] The first live, attenuated vaccine was developed in the 1960s in the United States and former Soviet Union (Plotkin and Rubin, 2008; Weibel et al., 1967).

• #5 MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) Vaccine: Safety, Side Effects, Cost

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/infectious-diseases/mmr-vaccine-for-measles-mumps-and-rubella/

  The MMR vaccine is a powerful tool to prevent three highly contagious viral diseases: measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles). […] It is a live attenuated vaccine, meaning it contains living but weakened viruses that are not strong enough to cause disease. […] The MMR vaccine protects against a trio of illnesses that can cause severe and in some cases life-threatening complications. […] Measles is one of the worlds most contagious diseases. […] Possible complications include pneumonia, encephalitis (brain swelling), and even death. […] Mumps, known for painful swelling of the salivary glands, can result in hearing loss and infertility. […] Rubella, also called German measles, is generally mild in children but can lead to birth defects in babies if a pregnant person gets sick.

• #6 MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine – what you need to know: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007603.htm

  MMR vaccine can prevent measles, mumps, and rubella. […] MEASLES (M) causes fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes, commonly followed by a rash that covers the whole body. It can lead to seizures (often associated with fever), ear infections, diarrhea, and pneumonia. Rarely, measles can cause brain damage or death. […] MUMPS (M) causes fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, loss of appetite, and swollen and tender salivary glands under the ears. It can lead to deafness, swelling of the brain and/or spinal cord covering, painful swelling of the testicles or ovaries, and, very rarely, death. […] RUBELLA (R) causes fever, sore throat, rash, headache, and eye irritation. It can cause arthritis in up to half of teenage and adult women. If a woman gets rubella while she’s pregnant, she could have a miscarriage or the baby could be born with serious birth defects.

• #7 4 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine | Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality | The National Academies Press

  https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/13164/chapter/6

  Measles is caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense nonsegmented RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus and the family Paramyxoviridae that encodes at least eight structural proteins (Gershon, 2010a). […] Serious complications of measles include pneumonia, postinfectious encephalitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), and death (Johnson et al., 1984; Miller, 1987; Strebel et al., 2008). […] Johnson and Goodpasture (1934) identified the causative agent of mumps in 1934, and in 1945 Habel and Enders successfully cultivated the virus in chick embryos (Enders, 1946; Habel, 1945). […] The first inactivated mumps vaccine was developed in 1946 and tested in humans in 1951 (Habel, 1946, 1951). […] The first live, attenuated vaccine was developed in the 1960s in the United States and former Soviet Union (Plotkin and Rubin, 2008; Weibel et al., 1967).

• #8 4 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine | Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality | The National Academies Press

  https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/13164/chapter/6

  Measles is caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense nonsegmented RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus and the family Paramyxoviridae that encodes at least eight structural proteins (Gershon, 2010a). […] Serious complications of measles include pneumonia, postinfectious encephalitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), and death (Johnson et al., 1984; Miller, 1987; Strebel et al., 2008). […] Johnson and Goodpasture (1934) identified the causative agent of mumps in 1934, and in 1945 Habel and Enders successfully cultivated the virus in chick embryos (Enders, 1946; Habel, 1945). […] The first inactivated mumps vaccine was developed in 1946 and tested in humans in 1951 (Habel, 1946, 1951). […] The first live, attenuated vaccine was developed in the 1960s in the United States and former Soviet Union (Plotkin and Rubin, 2008; Weibel et al., 1967).

• #9 MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine – what you need to know: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007603.htm

  MMR vaccine can prevent measles, mumps, and rubella. […] MEASLES (M) causes fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes, commonly followed by a rash that covers the whole body. It can lead to seizures (often associated with fever), ear infections, diarrhea, and pneumonia. Rarely, measles can cause brain damage or death. […] MUMPS (M) causes fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, loss of appetite, and swollen and tender salivary glands under the ears. It can lead to deafness, swelling of the brain and/or spinal cord covering, painful swelling of the testicles or ovaries, and, very rarely, death. […] RUBELLA (R) causes fever, sore throat, rash, headache, and eye irritation. It can cause arthritis in up to half of teenage and adult women. If a woman gets rubella while she’s pregnant, she could have a miscarriage or the baby could be born with serious birth defects.

• #10 4 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine | Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality | The National Academies Press

  https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/13164/chapter/6

  The vaccine is currently licensed in the mono-, tri-, and tetravalent forms, although the monovalent, Mumpsvax (Merck and Co., Inc.), is no longer available in the United States. […] The first major advance in the study of rubella was in 1941 when Gregg discovered an association between maternal rubella infection and congenital cataracts (Gregg, 1941). […] The authors concluded that MMR vaccination does not increase the risk of type 1 diabetes in children. […] The authors concluded that MMR vaccination does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of MS onset in adults. […] The authors concluded that administration of MMR vaccine does not increase the risk of type 1 diabetes in children. […] The authors concluded that MMR vaccination does not increase the risk of type 1 diabetes in children.

• #11 MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine – what you need to know: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007603.htm

  MMR vaccine can prevent measles, mumps, and rubella. […] MEASLES (M) causes fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes, commonly followed by a rash that covers the whole body. It can lead to seizures (often associated with fever), ear infections, diarrhea, and pneumonia. Rarely, measles can cause brain damage or death. […] MUMPS (M) causes fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, loss of appetite, and swollen and tender salivary glands under the ears. It can lead to deafness, swelling of the brain and/or spinal cord covering, painful swelling of the testicles or ovaries, and, very rarely, death. […] RUBELLA (R) causes fever, sore throat, rash, headache, and eye irritation. It can cause arthritis in up to half of teenage and adult women. If a woman gets rubella while she’s pregnant, she could have a miscarriage or the baby could be born with serious birth defects.

• #12 MMR Vaccine (Measles, Mumps & Rubella Vaccination)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/mmr-vaccine

  The MMR vaccine is highly effective at protecting you and your child against three serious viral infections: measles, mumps and rubella. […] The MMR vaccine can help prevent measles, mumps and rubella. These viral infections are all highly infectious conditions that can spread easily among people who arent vaccinated. […] The MMR vaccine is a weakened (attenuated) live virus. That means after you receive it, the viruses cause a harmless infection with few or no symptoms. Then, your body eliminates the viruses. Your immune system fights the infection that the weakened viruses cause, and your immunity to the viruses develops. […] The MMR vaccine reduces your risk of getting measles, mumps and rubella. These are all highly contagious viral infections that can cause serious, life-threatening health conditions.

• #13 MMR vaccine – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMR_vaccine

  The MMR vaccine is a vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles), abbreviated as MMR. […] The MMR vaccine is a mixture of live weakened viruses of the three diseases. […] There is no evidence of an association between MMR immunisation and autistic spectrum disorders. […] The MMR vaccine was developed by Maurice Hilleman. […] The component viral strains of MMR vaccine were developed by propagation in animal and human cells. […] The rubella component, Meruvax, was developed in 1967, through propagation using the human embryonic lung cell line WI-38. […] The term „MPR vaccine” is also used to refer to this vaccine, whereas „P” refers to parotitis which is caused by mumps. […] The number of reports on neurological disorders is very small, other than evidence for an association between a form of the MMR vaccine containing the Urabe mumps strain and rare adverse events of aseptic meningitis, a form of viral meningitis.

• #14 MMR Vaccine (Measles, Mumps & Rubella Vaccination)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/mmr-vaccine

  The MMR vaccine is highly effective at protecting you and your child against three serious viral infections: measles, mumps and rubella. […] The MMR vaccine can help prevent measles, mumps and rubella. These viral infections are all highly infectious conditions that can spread easily among people who arent vaccinated. […] The MMR vaccine is a weakened (attenuated) live virus. That means after you receive it, the viruses cause a harmless infection with few or no symptoms. Then, your body eliminates the viruses. Your immune system fights the infection that the weakened viruses cause, and your immunity to the viruses develops. […] The MMR vaccine reduces your risk of getting measles, mumps and rubella. These are all highly contagious viral infections that can cause serious, life-threatening health conditions.

• #15 Measles, mumps and rubella

  https://www.hse.ie/eng/health/immunisation/pubinfo/pcischedule/vpds/mmr/

  Measles, mumps and rubella (German measles) are highly infectious diseases caused by viruses. […] Measles, mumps and rubella (German measles) are spread by close contact with an infected person. […] Yes. The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps and rubella (German measles). It is a live vaccine which means it contains weakened forms of the measles, mumps and rubella viruses. […] The full course of MMR vaccine offers good protection against measles for 99% of people, against rubella (German measles) for 99% of people and against mumps for 88% of people. […] The vaccine works by stimulating the immune system to build up protection against these diseases. […] No. We know that vaccines dont cause autism. However, when things happen around the time vaccines are given we can think that there is a link between the two things.

• #16 The Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) Vaccine | Embryo Project Encyclopedia

  https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/measles-mumps-and-rubella-mmr-vaccine

  In 1971 Maurice Hillemanat at the Merck Institute of Therapeutic Research, a pharmaceutical company in West Point, Pennsylvania, created the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. […] The MMR vaccine has protected millions of people from contracting the potentially deadly diseases of measles, mumps, and rubella, as well as prevented the development congenital rubella syndrome in the fetuses. […] The MMR vaccine contains within it small amounts of attenuated (weakened) or inactive viruses, which are not infectious. […] The immune system continues to produces those antibodies, providing immunity from, or protection against, future infections from the same type of virus. […] The MMR vaccine gives the immune system an opportunity to build defenses against weaker measles, mumps, and rubella infections before it encounters the full-strength viruses.

• #17 Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR): The Diseases & Vaccines | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-details/measles-mumps-and-rubella-vaccines

  Measles, mumps and rubella are all viral infections that caused widespread illness in the past. […] Vaccines to prevent each disease were first developed in the 1960s and then combined to form the MMR vaccine in the 1970s. […] Measles is a disease that is caused by a virus. […] The measles vaccine is a live, „weakened” form of natural measles virus. […] The effectiveness of the measles vaccine has been dramatic. […] Decreases in the use of the MMR vaccine have led to increasingly larger measles outbreaks. […] The MMR vaccine contains vaccines that protect against three viral infections: measles, mumps and rubella. […] The mumps vaccine virus is „weakened” by a process called „cell culture adaptation.” […] Like the measles and mumps vaccines, the rubella vaccine is a live, „weakened” form of natural rubella virus. […] Because these diseases can cause harm or death and because the MMR vaccine does not cause serious permanent side effects, the benefits of the MMR vaccine outweigh its risks.

• #18 MMR vaccine – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMR_vaccine

  The MMR vaccine is a vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles), abbreviated as MMR. […] The MMR vaccine is a mixture of live weakened viruses of the three diseases. […] There is no evidence of an association between MMR immunisation and autistic spectrum disorders. […] The MMR vaccine was developed by Maurice Hilleman. […] The component viral strains of MMR vaccine were developed by propagation in animal and human cells. […] The rubella component, Meruvax, was developed in 1967, through propagation using the human embryonic lung cell line WI-38. […] The term „MPR vaccine” is also used to refer to this vaccine, whereas „P” refers to parotitis which is caused by mumps. […] The number of reports on neurological disorders is very small, other than evidence for an association between a form of the MMR vaccine containing the Urabe mumps strain and rare adverse events of aseptic meningitis, a form of viral meningitis.

• #19 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) | Washington State Department of Health

  https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/immunization/diseases-and-vaccines/measles-mumps-and-rubella-mmr

  Measles is a highly contagious disease caused by the measles virus. […] The best protection against measles is the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. MMR vaccine provides long-lasting protection against all strains of measles. […] The best way to protect from mumps is to get vaccinated with the MMR vaccine. Vaccination prevents most cases and complications from mumps. […] This is why MMR vaccination is the most effective way to prevent rubella infection. […] Getting two doses of the MMR vaccine is 97% effective at preventing measles and rubella, and 88% effective against mumps. Vaccinated people who do get sick from the disease have milder symptoms. […] The benefits and side effects of this vaccine outweigh the risk of getting measles, mumps, or rubella. […] Since the introduction of measles vaccine in 1963, measles cases have reduced by 99%.

• #20 4 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine | Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality | The National Academies Press

  https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/13164/chapter/6

  Measles is caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense nonsegmented RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus and the family Paramyxoviridae that encodes at least eight structural proteins (Gershon, 2010a). […] Serious complications of measles include pneumonia, postinfectious encephalitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), and death (Johnson et al., 1984; Miller, 1987; Strebel et al., 2008). […] Johnson and Goodpasture (1934) identified the causative agent of mumps in 1934, and in 1945 Habel and Enders successfully cultivated the virus in chick embryos (Enders, 1946; Habel, 1945). […] The first inactivated mumps vaccine was developed in 1946 and tested in humans in 1951 (Habel, 1946, 1951). […] The first live, attenuated vaccine was developed in the 1960s in the United States and former Soviet Union (Plotkin and Rubin, 2008; Weibel et al., 1967).

• #21 MMR vaccine – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMR_vaccine

  The MMR vaccine is a vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles), abbreviated as MMR. […] The MMR vaccine is a mixture of live weakened viruses of the three diseases. […] There is no evidence of an association between MMR immunisation and autistic spectrum disorders. […] The MMR vaccine was developed by Maurice Hilleman. […] The component viral strains of MMR vaccine were developed by propagation in animal and human cells. […] The rubella component, Meruvax, was developed in 1967, through propagation using the human embryonic lung cell line WI-38. […] The term „MPR vaccine” is also used to refer to this vaccine, whereas „P” refers to parotitis which is caused by mumps. […] The number of reports on neurological disorders is very small, other than evidence for an association between a form of the MMR vaccine containing the Urabe mumps strain and rare adverse events of aseptic meningitis, a form of viral meningitis.

• #22 The Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) Vaccine | Embryo Project Encyclopedia

  https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/measles-mumps-and-rubella-mmr-vaccine

  The MMR vaccine has prevented deaths and defects caused by childhood diseases. […] Since its licensing in 1971, the MMR vaccine has prevented millions of cases of rubella in children as well as pregnant women, further preventing malformation in the fetuses of rubella-infected mothers due to congenital rubella syndrome. […] Thorough and repeated research has demonstrated that the MMR vaccine is not only safe for use, but also highly effective in preventing against potentially deadly diseases.

• #23 MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/mmr-vaccine/

  The MMR vaccine gives long-term protection against measles, mumps and rubella. […] The MMR vaccine protects against: measles, mumps, rubella (german measles). […] These 3 infections spread easily between people and can lead to serious problems including meningitis, blindness and hearing loss. […] If you’re pregnant, getting measles can cause premature birth, miscarriage or still birth. And getting rubella can cause serious problems for your baby such as damage to their sight and hearing. […] The MMR vaccine is not given if: you’re pregnant, you have a weakened immune system, either because of a health condition or because you are taking medicines that suppress the immune system, you’ve had a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to any ingredients in the vaccine, including gelatine or neomycin. […] Research has shown there is no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. […] Protection starts within 2 weeks of having the MMR vaccine. […] After 2 doses: around 99% of people will be protected against measles and rubella, around 88% of people will be protected against mumps.

• #24 MMR Vaccine (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella): MedlinePlus Drug InformationLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601176.html

  MMR vaccine can prevent measles, mumps, and rubella. […] Measles (M) causes fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes, commonly followed by a rash that covers the whole body. […] Mumps (M) causes fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, loss of appetite, and swollen and tender glands under the ears. […] Rubella (R) causes fever, sore throat, rash, headache, and eye irritation. […] Most people who are vaccinated with MMR will be protected for life. […] Vaccines and high rates of vaccination have made these diseases much less common in the United States.

• #25 MMR Vaccine (Measles, Mumps & Rubella Vaccination)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/mmr-vaccine

  The MMR vaccine can provide strong protection against measles, mumps and rubella and the complications caused by these diseases. […] One dose of the MMR vaccine is: 93% effective in preventing measles. 78% effective in preventing mumps. 97% effective in preventing rubella. […] Two doses of the MMR vaccine are: 97% effective in preventing measles. 88% effective in preventing mumps. […] The MMR vaccine has made measles, mumps and rubella much less common in the U.S. Most people who receive the MMR vaccine are protected for life against measles and rubella. While the vaccine is also effective at protecting against mumps, some people may lose immunity to the disease over time and may need an additional dose during a mumps outbreak.

• #26 MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/mmr-vaccine/

  The MMR vaccine gives long-term protection against measles, mumps and rubella. […] The MMR vaccine protects against: measles, mumps, rubella (german measles). […] These 3 infections spread easily between people and can lead to serious problems including meningitis, blindness and hearing loss. […] If you’re pregnant, getting measles can cause premature birth, miscarriage or still birth. And getting rubella can cause serious problems for your baby such as damage to their sight and hearing. […] The MMR vaccine is not given if: you’re pregnant, you have a weakened immune system, either because of a health condition or because you are taking medicines that suppress the immune system, you’ve had a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to any ingredients in the vaccine, including gelatine or neomycin. […] Research has shown there is no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. […] Protection starts within 2 weeks of having the MMR vaccine. […] After 2 doses: around 99% of people will be protected against measles and rubella, around 88% of people will be protected against mumps.

• #27 MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/mmr-vaccine/

  The MMR vaccine gives long-term protection against measles, mumps and rubella. […] The MMR vaccine protects against: measles, mumps, rubella (german measles). […] These 3 infections spread easily between people and can lead to serious problems including meningitis, blindness and hearing loss. […] If you’re pregnant, getting measles can cause premature birth, miscarriage or still birth. And getting rubella can cause serious problems for your baby such as damage to their sight and hearing. […] The MMR vaccine is not given if: you’re pregnant, you have a weakened immune system, either because of a health condition or because you are taking medicines that suppress the immune system, you’ve had a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to any ingredients in the vaccine, including gelatine or neomycin. […] Research has shown there is no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. […] Protection starts within 2 weeks of having the MMR vaccine. […] After 2 doses: around 99% of people will be protected against measles and rubella, around 88% of people will be protected against mumps.

• #28 MMR Vaccine (Measles, Mumps & Rubella Vaccination)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/mmr-vaccine

  The MMR vaccine can provide strong protection against measles, mumps and rubella and the complications caused by these diseases. […] One dose of the MMR vaccine is: 93% effective in preventing measles. 78% effective in preventing mumps. 97% effective in preventing rubella. […] Two doses of the MMR vaccine are: 97% effective in preventing measles. 88% effective in preventing mumps. […] The MMR vaccine has made measles, mumps and rubella much less common in the U.S. Most people who receive the MMR vaccine are protected for life against measles and rubella. While the vaccine is also effective at protecting against mumps, some people may lose immunity to the disease over time and may need an additional dose during a mumps outbreak.

• #29 MMR (Measles, Mumps and Rubella) Vaccine | OSF HealthCare

  https://www.osfhealthcare.org/treatments/mmr

  MMR vaccine can prevent measles, mumps, and rubella. […] Most people who are vaccinated with MMR will be protected for life. Vaccines and high rates of vaccination have made these diseases much less common in the United States. […] A third dose of MMR might be recommended for certain people in mumps outbreak situations. […] In people with serious immune system problems, this vaccine may cause an infection that may be life-threatening. People with serious immune system problems should not get MMR vaccine. […] As with any medicine, there is a very remote chance of a vaccine causing a severe allergic reaction, other serious injury, or death.

• #30 MMR Vaccine (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella): MedlinePlus Drug InformationLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601176.html

  MMR vaccine can prevent measles, mumps, and rubella. […] Measles (M) causes fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes, commonly followed by a rash that covers the whole body. […] Mumps (M) causes fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, loss of appetite, and swollen and tender glands under the ears. […] Rubella (R) causes fever, sore throat, rash, headache, and eye irritation. […] Most people who are vaccinated with MMR will be protected for life. […] Vaccines and high rates of vaccination have made these diseases much less common in the United States.

• #31 Measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine live (subcutaneous route, intramuscular route) – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/measles-mumps-and-rubella-virus-vaccine-live-subcutaneous-route-intramuscular-route/description/drg-20062140

  Measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine (live) is an active immunizing agent that is given to protect against infections caused by measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles). It works by causing your body to produce its own protection (antibodies) against the virus. […] Infection with measles can cause serious problems, including stomach problems, pneumonia, ear infections, sinus problems, convulsions (seizures), brain damage, and possibly death. The risk of serious complications and death is greater for adults and infants than for children and teenagers. […] Mumps is an infection that can cause serious problems, such as encephalitis and meningitis, which affect the brain. In addition, adolescent boys and men are very susceptible to a condition called orchitis, which causes pain and swelling in the testicles and scrotum and, in rare cases, sterility. Also, mumps infection can cause spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) in women during the first 3 months of pregnancy.

• #32 Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) – Public Health Wales

  https://phw.nhs.wales/topics/immunisation-and-vaccines/mmr/

  The MMR vaccine is a safe and highly effective combined vaccine that protects against measles, mumps and rubella. […] The MMR vaccine is a safe and effective combined vaccine that protects against measles, mumps and rubella (German measles). […] Measles, mumps and rubella are highly infectious diseases that can easily spread between people who are not vaccinated. […] Although these diseases are usually mild and don’t often cause long-term effects, some people can get serious complications. […] These complications can include meningitis, encephalitis (swelling of the brain) and hearing loss. […] Rubella (German measles) can lead to complications in pregnancy that affect the unborn baby and can cause miscarriage. […] People can die from these diseases. […] In the past, about one in 5000 people who caught measles died from the disease. […] Having two doses of the MMR vaccine is the best way to protect you and your child from measles, mumps and rubella.

• #33 Measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine live (subcutaneous route, intramuscular route) – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/measles-mumps-and-rubella-virus-vaccine-live-subcutaneous-route-intramuscular-route/description/drg-20062140

  Measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine (live) is an active immunizing agent that is given to protect against infections caused by measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles). It works by causing your body to produce its own protection (antibodies) against the virus. […] Infection with measles can cause serious problems, including stomach problems, pneumonia, ear infections, sinus problems, convulsions (seizures), brain damage, and possibly death. The risk of serious complications and death is greater for adults and infants than for children and teenagers. […] Mumps is an infection that can cause serious problems, such as encephalitis and meningitis, which affect the brain. In addition, adolescent boys and men are very susceptible to a condition called orchitis, which causes pain and swelling in the testicles and scrotum and, in rare cases, sterility. Also, mumps infection can cause spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) in women during the first 3 months of pregnancy.

• #34 Measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine live (subcutaneous route, intramuscular route) – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/measles-mumps-and-rubella-virus-vaccine-live-subcutaneous-route-intramuscular-route/description/drg-20062140

  Rubella (also known as German measles) is a serious infection that causes miscarriages, stillbirths, or birth defects in unborn babies when pregnant women get the disease. […] This vaccine may not protect everyone who receives it. This vaccine will not treat symptoms of measles, mumps, and rubella infection if you already have the disease.

• #35 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3334858/

  For example, maternal exposure to rubella during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy results in CRS in 85% of developing embryos/fetuses. Conversely, by the 20th gestational week, the risk of congenital defects is minimal. […] The possibility of transmitting a live, attenuated virus to the fetus during pregnancy and the concomitant consequences of that virus on the developing fetus is a theoretical (but never demonstrated) concern in vaccinating pregnant or soon-to-be pregnant women with the MMR vaccine. […] The theoretical risk for fetal complications arising from MMR vaccination is 1.6%. […] The registry consisted of 321 pregnant women (full-term). Among these women, there was no evidence of MMR-induced congenital defects. […] With the absence of observed risk, the CDC does not recommend termination of pregnancy if inadvertent vaccination occurs.

• #36 MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/mmr-vaccine/

  The MMR vaccine gives long-term protection against measles, mumps and rubella. […] The MMR vaccine protects against: measles, mumps, rubella (german measles). […] These 3 infections spread easily between people and can lead to serious problems including meningitis, blindness and hearing loss. […] If you’re pregnant, getting measles can cause premature birth, miscarriage or still birth. And getting rubella can cause serious problems for your baby such as damage to their sight and hearing. […] The MMR vaccine is not given if: you’re pregnant, you have a weakened immune system, either because of a health condition or because you are taking medicines that suppress the immune system, you’ve had a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to any ingredients in the vaccine, including gelatine or neomycin. […] Research has shown there is no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. […] Protection starts within 2 weeks of having the MMR vaccine. […] After 2 doses: around 99% of people will be protected against measles and rubella, around 88% of people will be protected against mumps.

• #37 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3334858/

  Measles, mumps, and rubella are viral diseases that may adversely affect non-immune pregnant women and their fetuses/neonates. Prevention of these diseases and their complications can be achieved through measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination prior to pregnancy. […] The vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy because it contains live, attenuated viruses that pose a theoretical risk to the fetus. However, accidental receipt of MMR vaccination is not known to cause maternal/fetal complications. […] MMR immunization is recommended to non-immune obstetric patients upon completion or termination of pregnancy. […] Measles exposure during pregnancy may cause adverse maternal and fetal effects. […] In a CDC study, 58 pregnant women with active measles infection were followed to assess measles-induced maternal and fetal effects.

• #38 MMR (Measles, Mumps and Rubella) Vaccine | OSF HealthCare

  https://www.osfhealthcare.org/treatments/mmr

  MMR vaccine can prevent measles, mumps, and rubella. […] Most people who are vaccinated with MMR will be protected for life. Vaccines and high rates of vaccination have made these diseases much less common in the United States. […] A third dose of MMR might be recommended for certain people in mumps outbreak situations. […] In people with serious immune system problems, this vaccine may cause an infection that may be life-threatening. People with serious immune system problems should not get MMR vaccine. […] As with any medicine, there is a very remote chance of a vaccine causing a severe allergic reaction, other serious injury, or death.

• #39 MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/mmr-vaccine/

  The MMR vaccine gives long-term protection against measles, mumps and rubella. […] The MMR vaccine protects against: measles, mumps, rubella (german measles). […] These 3 infections spread easily between people and can lead to serious problems including meningitis, blindness and hearing loss. […] If you’re pregnant, getting measles can cause premature birth, miscarriage or still birth. And getting rubella can cause serious problems for your baby such as damage to their sight and hearing. […] The MMR vaccine is not given if: you’re pregnant, you have a weakened immune system, either because of a health condition or because you are taking medicines that suppress the immune system, you’ve had a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to any ingredients in the vaccine, including gelatine or neomycin. […] Research has shown there is no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. […] Protection starts within 2 weeks of having the MMR vaccine. […] After 2 doses: around 99% of people will be protected against measles and rubella, around 88% of people will be protected against mumps.

• #40 MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/mmr-vaccine/

  The MMR vaccine gives long-term protection against measles, mumps and rubella. […] The MMR vaccine protects against: measles, mumps, rubella (german measles). […] These 3 infections spread easily between people and can lead to serious problems including meningitis, blindness and hearing loss. […] If you’re pregnant, getting measles can cause premature birth, miscarriage or still birth. And getting rubella can cause serious problems for your baby such as damage to their sight and hearing. […] The MMR vaccine is not given if: you’re pregnant, you have a weakened immune system, either because of a health condition or because you are taking medicines that suppress the immune system, you’ve had a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to any ingredients in the vaccine, including gelatine or neomycin. […] Research has shown there is no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. […] Protection starts within 2 weeks of having the MMR vaccine. […] After 2 doses: around 99% of people will be protected against measles and rubella, around 88% of people will be protected against mumps.

• #41 Measles, mumps, rubella, varicella (chickenpox) – immunisation | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/measles-mumps-rubella-varicella-chickenpox-immunisation

  Immunisation against measles, mumps and rubella can be provided with the MMR combination vaccine. […] Immunisation with MMRV vaccine at 18 months gives very young children early protection against measles, mumps, rubella and chickenpox. […] MMR and MMRV vaccination is not recommended for everyone. A person with an impaired immune system should not be vaccinated. […] Some of the possible causes of impaired immunity include: infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or the presence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) from an HIV infection, taking certain medications, such as high-dose corticosteroids, receiving immunosuppressive treatment, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, having some types of cancer, such as Hodgkin’s disease or leukaemia, having an immune deficiency with extremely low levels of antibodies (hypogammaglobulinaemia, multiple myeloma or chronic lymphoblastic leukaemia).

• #42 Measles, mumps, rubella, varicella (chickenpox) – immunisation | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/measles-mumps-rubella-varicella-chickenpox-immunisation

  You should not be given the MMR vaccine if you are already pregnant. Pregnancy should also be avoided for 28 days after the vaccination. […] The combined MMR and MMRV vaccines are effective and safe, but all medications can have unwanted side effects. […] Uncommon or rare side effects of the MMR and MMRV vaccines include: fever causing seizure (febrile convulsions) occurs in about one out of 3,000 young children vaccinated, temporary pain and stiffness in the joints this is rare in young children, but more common in people immunised during their teenage years or as adult women, temporary low platelet count, causing bleeding or bruising may occur after the first dose of MMR vaccine in about one out of 20,000 to 30,000 vaccinations.

• #43 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3334858/

  For example, maternal exposure to rubella during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy results in CRS in 85% of developing embryos/fetuses. Conversely, by the 20th gestational week, the risk of congenital defects is minimal. […] The possibility of transmitting a live, attenuated virus to the fetus during pregnancy and the concomitant consequences of that virus on the developing fetus is a theoretical (but never demonstrated) concern in vaccinating pregnant or soon-to-be pregnant women with the MMR vaccine. […] The theoretical risk for fetal complications arising from MMR vaccination is 1.6%. […] The registry consisted of 321 pregnant women (full-term). Among these women, there was no evidence of MMR-induced congenital defects. […] With the absence of observed risk, the CDC does not recommend termination of pregnancy if inadvertent vaccination occurs.

• #44 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3334858/

  For example, maternal exposure to rubella during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy results in CRS in 85% of developing embryos/fetuses. Conversely, by the 20th gestational week, the risk of congenital defects is minimal. […] The possibility of transmitting a live, attenuated virus to the fetus during pregnancy and the concomitant consequences of that virus on the developing fetus is a theoretical (but never demonstrated) concern in vaccinating pregnant or soon-to-be pregnant women with the MMR vaccine. […] The theoretical risk for fetal complications arising from MMR vaccination is 1.6%. […] The registry consisted of 321 pregnant women (full-term). Among these women, there was no evidence of MMR-induced congenital defects. […] With the absence of observed risk, the CDC does not recommend termination of pregnancy if inadvertent vaccination occurs.

• #45 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3334858/

  For example, maternal exposure to rubella during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy results in CRS in 85% of developing embryos/fetuses. Conversely, by the 20th gestational week, the risk of congenital defects is minimal. […] The possibility of transmitting a live, attenuated virus to the fetus during pregnancy and the concomitant consequences of that virus on the developing fetus is a theoretical (but never demonstrated) concern in vaccinating pregnant or soon-to-be pregnant women with the MMR vaccine. […] The theoretical risk for fetal complications arising from MMR vaccination is 1.6%. […] The registry consisted of 321 pregnant women (full-term). Among these women, there was no evidence of MMR-induced congenital defects. […] With the absence of observed risk, the CDC does not recommend termination of pregnancy if inadvertent vaccination occurs.

• #46 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3334858/

  For example, maternal exposure to rubella during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy results in CRS in 85% of developing embryos/fetuses. Conversely, by the 20th gestational week, the risk of congenital defects is minimal. […] The possibility of transmitting a live, attenuated virus to the fetus during pregnancy and the concomitant consequences of that virus on the developing fetus is a theoretical (but never demonstrated) concern in vaccinating pregnant or soon-to-be pregnant women with the MMR vaccine. […] The theoretical risk for fetal complications arising from MMR vaccination is 1.6%. […] The registry consisted of 321 pregnant women (full-term). Among these women, there was no evidence of MMR-induced congenital defects. […] With the absence of observed risk, the CDC does not recommend termination of pregnancy if inadvertent vaccination occurs.

• #47 Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine Safety | Vaccine Safety | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/mmr.html

  You can protect against measles, mumps, and rubella with vaccination. […] Due to high vaccination rates, outbreaks of measles, mumps, and rubella in the U.S. are not as common as they were before the vaccine began being used. […] Vaccines, like any medicine, can have side effects. Most people who get MMR vaccine do not have any serious problems with it. Getting MMR vaccine is much safer than getting measles, mumps, or rubella. […] Because signs of autism may appear around the same time children receive the MMR vaccine, some parents may worry that the vaccine causes autism. Vaccine safety experts, including experts at CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), agree that MMR vaccine is not responsible for recent increases in the number of children with autism. […] Many carefully performed scientific studies have found no link between MMR vaccine and autism. […] Measles outbreaks can occur in communities with a high number of unvaccinated people. Maintaining high overall MMR vaccination rates is needed to continue to limit the spread of measles.

• #48 Measles, mumps, rubella, varicella (chickenpox) – immunisation | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/measles-mumps-rubella-varicella-chickenpox-immunisation

  You should not be given the MMR vaccine if you are already pregnant. Pregnancy should also be avoided for 28 days after the vaccination. […] The combined MMR and MMRV vaccines are effective and safe, but all medications can have unwanted side effects. […] Uncommon or rare side effects of the MMR and MMRV vaccines include: fever causing seizure (febrile convulsions) occurs in about one out of 3,000 young children vaccinated, temporary pain and stiffness in the joints this is rare in young children, but more common in people immunised during their teenage years or as adult women, temporary low platelet count, causing bleeding or bruising may occur after the first dose of MMR vaccine in about one out of 20,000 to 30,000 vaccinations.

• #49 Measles, mumps, rubella, varicella (chickenpox) – immunisation | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/measles-mumps-rubella-varicella-chickenpox-immunisation

  You should not be given the MMR vaccine if you are already pregnant. Pregnancy should also be avoided for 28 days after the vaccination. […] The combined MMR and MMRV vaccines are effective and safe, but all medications can have unwanted side effects. […] Uncommon or rare side effects of the MMR and MMRV vaccines include: fever causing seizure (febrile convulsions) occurs in about one out of 3,000 young children vaccinated, temporary pain and stiffness in the joints this is rare in young children, but more common in people immunised during their teenage years or as adult women, temporary low platelet count, causing bleeding or bruising may occur after the first dose of MMR vaccine in about one out of 20,000 to 30,000 vaccinations.

• #50 Measles, mumps, rubella, varicella (chickenpox) – immunisation | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/measles-mumps-rubella-varicella-chickenpox-immunisation

  You should not be given the MMR vaccine if you are already pregnant. Pregnancy should also be avoided for 28 days after the vaccination. […] The combined MMR and MMRV vaccines are effective and safe, but all medications can have unwanted side effects. […] Uncommon or rare side effects of the MMR and MMRV vaccines include: fever causing seizure (febrile convulsions) occurs in about one out of 3,000 young children vaccinated, temporary pain and stiffness in the joints this is rare in young children, but more common in people immunised during their teenage years or as adult women, temporary low platelet count, causing bleeding or bruising may occur after the first dose of MMR vaccine in about one out of 20,000 to 30,000 vaccinations.

• #51 MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine – what you need to know: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007603.htm

  Most people who are vaccinated with MMR will be protected for life. Vaccines and high rates of vaccination have made these diseases much less common in the United States. […] A third dose of MMR might be recommended for certain people in mumps outbreak situations. […] More serious reactions happen rarely. These can include seizures (often associated with fever) or temporary low platelet count that can cause unusual bleeding or bruising. […] In people with serious immune system problems, this vaccine may cause an infection that may be life-threatening. People with serious immune system problems should not get MMR vaccine. […] As with any medicine, there is a very remote chance of a vaccine causing a severe allergic reaction, other serious injury, or death.

• #52 Measles, Mumps and Rubella – Clark County Health Department

  https://clarkhd.org/immunizations/measles-mumps-and-rubella/

  Getting MMR vaccine is much safer than getting measles, mumps or rubella. […] Most people who get MMR vaccine do not have any serious problems with it. […] Severe problems (very rare) include serious allergic reaction (less than 1 out of a million doses). […] Several other severe problems have been reported after a child gets MMR vaccine, including: Deafness, long-term seizures, coma, or lowered consciousness, permanent brain damage. […] These are so rare that it is hard to tell whether they are caused by the vaccine.

• #53 Measles, Mumps and Rubella – Clark County Health Department

  https://clarkhd.org/immunizations/measles-mumps-and-rubella/

  Getting MMR vaccine is much safer than getting measles, mumps or rubella. […] Most people who get MMR vaccine do not have any serious problems with it. […] Severe problems (very rare) include serious allergic reaction (less than 1 out of a million doses). […] Several other severe problems have been reported after a child gets MMR vaccine, including: Deafness, long-term seizures, coma, or lowered consciousness, permanent brain damage. […] These are so rare that it is hard to tell whether they are caused by the vaccine.

• #54 MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine – what you need to know: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007603.htm

  Most people who are vaccinated with MMR will be protected for life. Vaccines and high rates of vaccination have made these diseases much less common in the United States. […] A third dose of MMR might be recommended for certain people in mumps outbreak situations. […] More serious reactions happen rarely. These can include seizures (often associated with fever) or temporary low platelet count that can cause unusual bleeding or bruising. […] In people with serious immune system problems, this vaccine may cause an infection that may be life-threatening. People with serious immune system problems should not get MMR vaccine. […] As with any medicine, there is a very remote chance of a vaccine causing a severe allergic reaction, other serious injury, or death.

• #55 Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine Safety | Vaccine Safety | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/mmr.html

  You can protect against measles, mumps, and rubella with vaccination. […] Due to high vaccination rates, outbreaks of measles, mumps, and rubella in the U.S. are not as common as they were before the vaccine began being used. […] Vaccines, like any medicine, can have side effects. Most people who get MMR vaccine do not have any serious problems with it. Getting MMR vaccine is much safer than getting measles, mumps, or rubella. […] Because signs of autism may appear around the same time children receive the MMR vaccine, some parents may worry that the vaccine causes autism. Vaccine safety experts, including experts at CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), agree that MMR vaccine is not responsible for recent increases in the number of children with autism. […] Many carefully performed scientific studies have found no link between MMR vaccine and autism. […] Measles outbreaks can occur in communities with a high number of unvaccinated people. Maintaining high overall MMR vaccination rates is needed to continue to limit the spread of measles.

• #56 MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/mmr-vaccine/

  The MMR vaccine gives long-term protection against measles, mumps and rubella. […] The MMR vaccine protects against: measles, mumps, rubella (german measles). […] These 3 infections spread easily between people and can lead to serious problems including meningitis, blindness and hearing loss. […] If you’re pregnant, getting measles can cause premature birth, miscarriage or still birth. And getting rubella can cause serious problems for your baby such as damage to their sight and hearing. […] The MMR vaccine is not given if: you’re pregnant, you have a weakened immune system, either because of a health condition or because you are taking medicines that suppress the immune system, you’ve had a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to any ingredients in the vaccine, including gelatine or neomycin. […] Research has shown there is no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. […] Protection starts within 2 weeks of having the MMR vaccine. […] After 2 doses: around 99% of people will be protected against measles and rubella, around 88% of people will be protected against mumps.

• #57 MMR vaccine and autism – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism

  Claims of a link between the MMR vaccine and autism have been extensively investigated and found to be false. […] The fraudulent research paper, authored by Andrew Wakefield and published in The Lancet, falsely claimed the vaccine was linked to colitis and autism spectrum disorders. […] Following the initial claims in 1998, multiple large epidemiological studies were undertaken. […] Reviews of the evidence by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Institute of Medicine of the US National Academy of Sciences, the UK National Health Service, and the Cochrane Library all found no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. […] The scientific consensus is that there is no link between the MMR vaccine and autism and that the vaccine’s benefits greatly outweigh its potential risks.

• #58 MMR vaccine and autism – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism

  Claims of a link between the MMR vaccine and autism have been extensively investigated and found to be false. […] The fraudulent research paper, authored by Andrew Wakefield and published in The Lancet, falsely claimed the vaccine was linked to colitis and autism spectrum disorders. […] Following the initial claims in 1998, multiple large epidemiological studies were undertaken. […] Reviews of the evidence by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Institute of Medicine of the US National Academy of Sciences, the UK National Health Service, and the Cochrane Library all found no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. […] The scientific consensus is that there is no link between the MMR vaccine and autism and that the vaccine’s benefits greatly outweigh its potential risks.

• #59 The Truth About the MMR Vaccine

  https://www.healthline.com/health/mmr-vaccine

  The MMR vaccine, introduced in the United States in 1971, helps prevent the measles, the mumps, and rubella (German measles). This vaccine was a huge development in the battle to prevent these dangerous diseases. […] However, the MMR vaccine is no stranger to controversy. In 1998, a study published in The Lancet linked the vaccine to serious health risks in children, including autism and inflammatory bowel disease. […] But in 2010, the journal retracted that study, citing unethical practices and incorrect information. Since then, many research studies have looked for a connection between the MMR vaccine and these conditions. No connection has been found. […] The Western Journal of Medicine reported in 2001 that the number of autism diagnoses has been rising since 1979. However, the study didn’t find an increase in autism cases after the introduction of the MMR vaccine. Instead, the researchers found that the growing number of autism cases was most likely due to changes in how doctors diagnose autism.

• #60 MMR vaccine and autism – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism

  The number of reported cases of autism increased dramatically in the 1990s and early 2000s. This increase is largely attributable to changes in diagnostic practices; it is not known how much, if any, growth came from real changes in autism’s prevalence, and no causal connection to the MMR vaccine has been demonstrated. […] A 2004 review article concluded, „The evidence now is convincing that the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine does not cause autism or any particular subtypes of autistic spectrum disorder.” […] A 2006 review of the literature regarding vaccines and autism found „[t]he bulk of the evidence suggests no causal relationship between the MMR vaccine and autism.” […] A 2014 meta-analysis involving more than 1.25 million children found „vaccinations are not associated with the development of autism or autism spectrum disorder.” […] In March 2019, a large-scale study conducted by Statens Serum Institut following over 650,000 children for over 10 years found no link between the vaccine and autism, even among children with autistic siblings.

• #61 MMR vaccine and autism – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism

  The number of reported cases of autism increased dramatically in the 1990s and early 2000s. This increase is largely attributable to changes in diagnostic practices; it is not known how much, if any, growth came from real changes in autism’s prevalence, and no causal connection to the MMR vaccine has been demonstrated. […] A 2004 review article concluded, „The evidence now is convincing that the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine does not cause autism or any particular subtypes of autistic spectrum disorder.” […] A 2006 review of the literature regarding vaccines and autism found „[t]he bulk of the evidence suggests no causal relationship between the MMR vaccine and autism.” […] A 2014 meta-analysis involving more than 1.25 million children found „vaccinations are not associated with the development of autism or autism spectrum disorder.” […] In March 2019, a large-scale study conducted by Statens Serum Institut following over 650,000 children for over 10 years found no link between the vaccine and autism, even among children with autistic siblings.

• #62 MMR vaccine and autism – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism

  Claims of a link between the MMR vaccine and autism have been extensively investigated and found to be false. […] The fraudulent research paper, authored by Andrew Wakefield and published in The Lancet, falsely claimed the vaccine was linked to colitis and autism spectrum disorders. […] Following the initial claims in 1998, multiple large epidemiological studies were undertaken. […] Reviews of the evidence by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Institute of Medicine of the US National Academy of Sciences, the UK National Health Service, and the Cochrane Library all found no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. […] The scientific consensus is that there is no link between the MMR vaccine and autism and that the vaccine’s benefits greatly outweigh its potential risks.

• #63 MMR Vaccine (Measles, Mumps & Rubella Vaccination)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/mmr-vaccine

  The MMR vaccine is highly effective at protecting you and your child against three serious viral infections: measles, mumps and rubella. […] The MMR vaccine can help prevent measles, mumps and rubella. These viral infections are all highly infectious conditions that can spread easily among people who arent vaccinated. […] The MMR vaccine is a weakened (attenuated) live virus. That means after you receive it, the viruses cause a harmless infection with few or no symptoms. Then, your body eliminates the viruses. Your immune system fights the infection that the weakened viruses cause, and your immunity to the viruses develops. […] The MMR vaccine reduces your risk of getting measles, mumps and rubella. These are all highly contagious viral infections that can cause serious, life-threatening health conditions.

• #64 Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine Safety | Vaccine Safety | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/mmr.html

  You can protect against measles, mumps, and rubella with vaccination. […] Due to high vaccination rates, outbreaks of measles, mumps, and rubella in the U.S. are not as common as they were before the vaccine began being used. […] Vaccines, like any medicine, can have side effects. Most people who get MMR vaccine do not have any serious problems with it. Getting MMR vaccine is much safer than getting measles, mumps, or rubella. […] Because signs of autism may appear around the same time children receive the MMR vaccine, some parents may worry that the vaccine causes autism. Vaccine safety experts, including experts at CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), agree that MMR vaccine is not responsible for recent increases in the number of children with autism. […] Many carefully performed scientific studies have found no link between MMR vaccine and autism. […] Measles outbreaks can occur in communities with a high number of unvaccinated people. Maintaining high overall MMR vaccination rates is needed to continue to limit the spread of measles.

• #65 Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine Safety | Vaccine Safety | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/mmr.html

  You can protect against measles, mumps, and rubella with vaccination. […] Due to high vaccination rates, outbreaks of measles, mumps, and rubella in the U.S. are not as common as they were before the vaccine began being used. […] Vaccines, like any medicine, can have side effects. Most people who get MMR vaccine do not have any serious problems with it. Getting MMR vaccine is much safer than getting measles, mumps, or rubella. […] Because signs of autism may appear around the same time children receive the MMR vaccine, some parents may worry that the vaccine causes autism. Vaccine safety experts, including experts at CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), agree that MMR vaccine is not responsible for recent increases in the number of children with autism. […] Many carefully performed scientific studies have found no link between MMR vaccine and autism. […] Measles outbreaks can occur in communities with a high number of unvaccinated people. Maintaining high overall MMR vaccination rates is needed to continue to limit the spread of measles.

• #66 Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine Safety | Vaccine Safety | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/mmr.html

  You can protect against measles, mumps, and rubella with vaccination. […] Due to high vaccination rates, outbreaks of measles, mumps, and rubella in the U.S. are not as common as they were before the vaccine began being used. […] Vaccines, like any medicine, can have side effects. Most people who get MMR vaccine do not have any serious problems with it. Getting MMR vaccine is much safer than getting measles, mumps, or rubella. […] Because signs of autism may appear around the same time children receive the MMR vaccine, some parents may worry that the vaccine causes autism. Vaccine safety experts, including experts at CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), agree that MMR vaccine is not responsible for recent increases in the number of children with autism. […] Many carefully performed scientific studies have found no link between MMR vaccine and autism. […] Measles outbreaks can occur in communities with a high number of unvaccinated people. Maintaining high overall MMR vaccination rates is needed to continue to limit the spread of measles.

• #67 Measles vaccines: Canadian immunization guide – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-12-measles-vaccine.html

  The efficacy of a single dose of measles-containing vaccine given at 12 or 15 months of age is estimated to be 85% to 95%. With a second dose, efficacy in children approaches 100%. However, measles outbreaks have occurred in populations with high immunization coverage rates. Due to the high infectivity of measles at least 95% of the population needs to be immunized for herd immunity.

• #68 How dangerous is a measles outbreak? – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/forefront/pediatrics-articles/2025/march/measles-is-still-a-very-dangerous-disease

  Measles is an infection caused by a virus that primarily affects unvaccinated children non-immunized adults. […] More than 97% of people who receive two doses of the MMR vaccine develop immunity to measles. […] The only way to prevent measles is with the MMR vaccine. […] Fortunately, for most people, measles is not life-threatening but the problem is that you can’t predict who will become seriously ill. […] However, if everyone is vaccinated, no one will die. […] Before the vaccine, there were up to 500 U.S. deaths each year from measles, and now it’s completely preventable.

• #69 MMR (Measles Mumps Rubella) vaccine | Caring for kids

  https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/immunization/measles_mumps_rubella_vaccine

  The MMR vaccine protects children against measles, mumps, and rubella. These are dangerous, even deadly diseases. […] Before the vaccine was approved in 1963, almost everyone got measles by the age of 18. In Canada, there were about 300,000 cases of measles every year. After the vaccine, that number fell to less than 20 cases a year. […] Vaccination can protect your child. […] Older children and adults born before 1970 and who have not been vaccinated or have not had these infections should also be vaccinated. […] This vaccine is very safe and effective. […] Because it is a live (weakened) virus vaccine, it cannot be given to pregnant women or to people who have weakened immune systems.

• #70 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) | Washington State Department of Health

  https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/immunization/diseases-and-vaccines/measles-mumps-and-rubella-mmr

  Measles is a highly contagious disease caused by the measles virus. […] The best protection against measles is the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. MMR vaccine provides long-lasting protection against all strains of measles. […] The best way to protect from mumps is to get vaccinated with the MMR vaccine. Vaccination prevents most cases and complications from mumps. […] This is why MMR vaccination is the most effective way to prevent rubella infection. […] Getting two doses of the MMR vaccine is 97% effective at preventing measles and rubella, and 88% effective against mumps. Vaccinated people who do get sick from the disease have milder symptoms. […] The benefits and side effects of this vaccine outweigh the risk of getting measles, mumps, or rubella. […] Since the introduction of measles vaccine in 1963, measles cases have reduced by 99%.

• #71 Should You Get a Measles Vaccine Booster? > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/should-you-get-a-measles-vaccine-booster

  These days, most people are vaccinated against measles, a highly contagious, life-threatening respiratory virus, when they are children. […] In 96% of this year’s cases, people who were infected were either unvaccinated or their vaccination status was unknown. […] The vaccine is the most important tool for preventing a measles infection, the advisory states. […] Measles can lead to a weakened immune system and a heightened risk of infection from other viruses and bacteria, Dr. Roberts says. […] The measles vaccine is a tremendous success story and speaks to the power of vaccination in eliminating such a contagious disease, Dr. Roberts says. […] No vaccine is 100% effective against measles, but two MMR shots are 97% effective. […] The MMR vaccine is also safe, according to the CDC, which notes that most people have no side effects.

• #72 MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/mmr-vaccine/

  The MMR vaccine gives long-term protection against measles, mumps and rubella. […] The MMR vaccine protects against: measles, mumps, rubella (german measles). […] These 3 infections spread easily between people and can lead to serious problems including meningitis, blindness and hearing loss. […] If you’re pregnant, getting measles can cause premature birth, miscarriage or still birth. And getting rubella can cause serious problems for your baby such as damage to their sight and hearing. […] The MMR vaccine is not given if: you’re pregnant, you have a weakened immune system, either because of a health condition or because you are taking medicines that suppress the immune system, you’ve had a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to any ingredients in the vaccine, including gelatine or neomycin. […] Research has shown there is no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. […] Protection starts within 2 weeks of having the MMR vaccine. […] After 2 doses: around 99% of people will be protected against measles and rubella, around 88% of people will be protected against mumps.

• #73 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3334858/

  Measles, mumps, and rubella are viral diseases that may adversely affect non-immune pregnant women and their fetuses/neonates. Prevention of these diseases and their complications can be achieved through measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination prior to pregnancy. […] The vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy because it contains live, attenuated viruses that pose a theoretical risk to the fetus. However, accidental receipt of MMR vaccination is not known to cause maternal/fetal complications. […] MMR immunization is recommended to non-immune obstetric patients upon completion or termination of pregnancy. […] Measles exposure during pregnancy may cause adverse maternal and fetal effects. […] In a CDC study, 58 pregnant women with active measles infection were followed to assess measles-induced maternal and fetal effects.

• #74 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3334858/

  The most common fetal/neonatal effect observed was premature delivery (13 of 58). In addition, five pregnancies resulted in spontaneous abortion. Measles has not been proven to cause birth defects. […] Unlike measles, pregnancy does not appear to affect mumps severity, but if exposure occurs during the first trimester, the patient has a higher risk of spontaneous abortion. […] There are no associated congenital malformations in children whose mothers were exposed to mumps at any time during pregnancy. […] Although acquired rubella infection is generally mild, transplacental passage of the virus to the embryo/fetus during maternal viremia (five to seven days after exposure) can cause devastating consequences (i.e., CRS). […] The frequency and severity of CRS decreases as gestation progresses.

• #75 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3334858/

  The most common fetal/neonatal effect observed was premature delivery (13 of 58). In addition, five pregnancies resulted in spontaneous abortion. Measles has not been proven to cause birth defects. […] Unlike measles, pregnancy does not appear to affect mumps severity, but if exposure occurs during the first trimester, the patient has a higher risk of spontaneous abortion. […] There are no associated congenital malformations in children whose mothers were exposed to mumps at any time during pregnancy. […] Although acquired rubella infection is generally mild, transplacental passage of the virus to the embryo/fetus during maternal viremia (five to seven days after exposure) can cause devastating consequences (i.e., CRS). […] The frequency and severity of CRS decreases as gestation progresses.

• #76 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3334858/

  For example, maternal exposure to rubella during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy results in CRS in 85% of developing embryos/fetuses. Conversely, by the 20th gestational week, the risk of congenital defects is minimal. […] The possibility of transmitting a live, attenuated virus to the fetus during pregnancy and the concomitant consequences of that virus on the developing fetus is a theoretical (but never demonstrated) concern in vaccinating pregnant or soon-to-be pregnant women with the MMR vaccine. […] The theoretical risk for fetal complications arising from MMR vaccination is 1.6%. […] The registry consisted of 321 pregnant women (full-term). Among these women, there was no evidence of MMR-induced congenital defects. […] With the absence of observed risk, the CDC does not recommend termination of pregnancy if inadvertent vaccination occurs.

• #77 MMR Vaccine (Measles, Mumps & Rubella Vaccination)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/mmr-vaccine

  The MMR vaccine is highly effective at protecting you and your child against three serious viral infections: measles, mumps and rubella. […] The MMR vaccine can help prevent measles, mumps and rubella. These viral infections are all highly infectious conditions that can spread easily among people who arent vaccinated. […] The MMR vaccine is a weakened (attenuated) live virus. That means after you receive it, the viruses cause a harmless infection with few or no symptoms. Then, your body eliminates the viruses. Your immune system fights the infection that the weakened viruses cause, and your immunity to the viruses develops. […] The MMR vaccine reduces your risk of getting measles, mumps and rubella. These are all highly contagious viral infections that can cause serious, life-threatening health conditions.

• #78 Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) Vaccine | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/measles-rubeola/mmr-vaccine

  The MMR vaccine (measles-mumps-rubella) is a combined vaccine that helps protect against three highly infectious viral illnesses: […] The MMR vaccine is an important shield against three highly contagious viruses that can lead to serious health problems and even death. […] The MMR vaccine has been available since 1971 and has been proven to be both safe and effective. […] There is no evidence that the MMR vaccine is a cause of autism in children. […] The MMR vaccine has been proven to be effective with just two doses and provides lifelong protection. […] The MMR vaccine booster is an additional dose given to people who may not have developed full immunity after the initial two-dose series. […] Receiving the MMR vaccine after exposure is safe and may help prevent the development of the virus. […] Yes, the MMR vaccine is a weakened, live virus. […] The MMR vaccine provides long-lasting immunity, typically for life, after the recommended two doses. […] The MMR vaccine typically requires just two doses and provides lifelong protection.

• #79 Measles, Mumps and Rubella – Clark County Health Department

  https://clarkhd.org/immunizations/measles-mumps-and-rubella/

  Getting MMR vaccine is much safer than getting measles, mumps or rubella. […] Most people who get MMR vaccine do not have any serious problems with it. […] Severe problems (very rare) include serious allergic reaction (less than 1 out of a million doses). […] Several other severe problems have been reported after a child gets MMR vaccine, including: Deafness, long-term seizures, coma, or lowered consciousness, permanent brain damage. […] These are so rare that it is hard to tell whether they are caused by the vaccine.

• #80 Measles, Mumps and Rubella – Clark County Health Department

  https://clarkhd.org/immunizations/measles-mumps-and-rubella/

  Getting MMR vaccine is much safer than getting measles, mumps or rubella. […] Most people who get MMR vaccine do not have any serious problems with it. […] Severe problems (very rare) include serious allergic reaction (less than 1 out of a million doses). […] Several other severe problems have been reported after a child gets MMR vaccine, including: Deafness, long-term seizures, coma, or lowered consciousness, permanent brain damage. […] These are so rare that it is hard to tell whether they are caused by the vaccine.

• #81 Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine Safety | Vaccine Safety | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/mmr.html

  You can protect against measles, mumps, and rubella with vaccination. […] Due to high vaccination rates, outbreaks of measles, mumps, and rubella in the U.S. are not as common as they were before the vaccine began being used. […] Vaccines, like any medicine, can have side effects. Most people who get MMR vaccine do not have any serious problems with it. Getting MMR vaccine is much safer than getting measles, mumps, or rubella. […] Because signs of autism may appear around the same time children receive the MMR vaccine, some parents may worry that the vaccine causes autism. Vaccine safety experts, including experts at CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), agree that MMR vaccine is not responsible for recent increases in the number of children with autism. […] Many carefully performed scientific studies have found no link between MMR vaccine and autism. […] Measles outbreaks can occur in communities with a high number of unvaccinated people. Maintaining high overall MMR vaccination rates is needed to continue to limit the spread of measles.

• #82 Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine Safety | Vaccine Safety | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/mmr.html

  You can protect against measles, mumps, and rubella with vaccination. […] Due to high vaccination rates, outbreaks of measles, mumps, and rubella in the U.S. are not as common as they were before the vaccine began being used. […] Vaccines, like any medicine, can have side effects. Most people who get MMR vaccine do not have any serious problems with it. Getting MMR vaccine is much safer than getting measles, mumps, or rubella. […] Because signs of autism may appear around the same time children receive the MMR vaccine, some parents may worry that the vaccine causes autism. Vaccine safety experts, including experts at CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), agree that MMR vaccine is not responsible for recent increases in the number of children with autism. […] Many carefully performed scientific studies have found no link between MMR vaccine and autism. […] Measles outbreaks can occur in communities with a high number of unvaccinated people. Maintaining high overall MMR vaccination rates is needed to continue to limit the spread of measles.

• #83 MMR vaccine and autism – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism

  Claims of a link between the MMR vaccine and autism have been extensively investigated and found to be false. […] The fraudulent research paper, authored by Andrew Wakefield and published in The Lancet, falsely claimed the vaccine was linked to colitis and autism spectrum disorders. […] Following the initial claims in 1998, multiple large epidemiological studies were undertaken. […] Reviews of the evidence by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Institute of Medicine of the US National Academy of Sciences, the UK National Health Service, and the Cochrane Library all found no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. […] The scientific consensus is that there is no link between the MMR vaccine and autism and that the vaccine’s benefits greatly outweigh its potential risks.

• #84 Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine Safety | Vaccine Safety | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/mmr.html

  You can protect against measles, mumps, and rubella with vaccination. […] Due to high vaccination rates, outbreaks of measles, mumps, and rubella in the U.S. are not as common as they were before the vaccine began being used. […] Vaccines, like any medicine, can have side effects. Most people who get MMR vaccine do not have any serious problems with it. Getting MMR vaccine is much safer than getting measles, mumps, or rubella. […] Because signs of autism may appear around the same time children receive the MMR vaccine, some parents may worry that the vaccine causes autism. Vaccine safety experts, including experts at CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), agree that MMR vaccine is not responsible for recent increases in the number of children with autism. […] Many carefully performed scientific studies have found no link between MMR vaccine and autism. […] Measles outbreaks can occur in communities with a high number of unvaccinated people. Maintaining high overall MMR vaccination rates is needed to continue to limit the spread of measles.

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