Materiały źródłowe

• #1 All about meningioma: What patients should know | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/5-meningioma-questions–answered.h00-159466368.html

  Meningiomas are a primary central nervous system tumor that make up 38% of all primary intracranial tumors. They are typically benign and often go undetected for many years. Even though these types of tumors grow slowly over time, they can become life-threatening. […] While some patients will not experience any symptoms, others might have: headaches, seizures, personality changes, weakness or numbness of the face or limbs, and/or vision changes. These meningioma symptoms depend on the tumors location. As meningiomas get closer to the nerve, the tumor can affect certain senses, including sight, hearing, taste or smell. […] Treatment will be needed if the tumor begins to grow or cause symptoms. For most healthy adults, surgery is the next step. A neurosurgeon will perform a craniotomy to safely remove the brain tumor. […] If a tumor comes back or if the tumor cannot be fully removed with surgery, patients may undergo radiation therapy to destroy tumor cells and stop them from growing. Chemotherapy is also used to treat meningiomas that come back after surgery and radiation.

• #2 Meningioma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560538/

  Meningioma is a known benign central nervous system tumor commonly arising from the meninges of the brain and spinal cord. […] Since most patients with meningioma are asymptomatic, the management is usually done with close observation and follow-up with serial imaging. However, symptomatic patients usually require surgery to lower the risk of recurrence and severity of the disease. […] The clinical manifestation is dependent on the location and the size of the meningioma. Therefore, some patients can be asymptomatic, while others might experience neurological deficits. […] The most common symptoms experienced in spinal meningiomas are pain and radiculopathy, followed by neurological deficits. The neurological deficits could be either upper motor or lower motor neuron symptoms depending on the location and the compression of the nerve roots.

• #3 Meningioma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma

  Symptoms depend on the location and occur as a result of the tumor pressing on nearby tissue. […] Many cases never produce symptoms. […] Occasionally seizures, dementia, trouble talking, vision problems, one sided weakness, or loss of bladder control may occur. […] Meningiomas often are considered benign tumors that can be removed by surgery, but most recurrent meningiomas correspond to histologic benign tumors. […] The metabolic phenotype of these benign recurrent meningiomas indicated an aggressive metabolism resembling that observed for atypical meningioma. […] The probability of a tumor recurring or growing after surgery may be estimated by comparing the tumor’s WHO (World Health Organization) grade and by the extent of surgery by the Simpson Criteria. […] Although usually benign a „petro-clival” menigioma is typically fatal without treatment due to its location.

• #4 Meningioma: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17858-meningioma

  Meningiomas tend to grow slowly and inward. Often, they’ll have grown quite large before they’re diagnosed. Even benign meningiomas can grow large enough to be life-threatening if they compress and affect nearby areas of your brain. […] Because meningiomas are typically slow-growing tumors, they may not cause noticeable symptoms until they grow large enough to push on important structures around them. The symptoms of meningioma can vary greatly depending on which part of your brain is affected by it. […] More common symptoms of brain meningiomas include: Headaches. Dizziness. Nausea and vomiting. Changes in your vision, such as double vision, blurriness or loss of vision. Hearing loss. Seizures. Behavioral or personality changes. Memory problems. Overactive or overresponsive reflexes (hyperreflexia). Muscle weakness in certain areas of your body. Paralysis in certain areas of your body.

• #5 Meningioma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/meningioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20355643

  Most meningiomas grow very slowly. They can grow over many years without causing symptoms. But sometimes, their effects on nearby brain tissue, nerves or vessels may cause serious disability. […] Symptoms of a meningioma most often begin slowly. They may be hard to notice at first. Symptoms may depend on where in the brain the meningioma is. Rarely, it can be in the spine. […] Symptoms may include: Changes in vision, such as seeing double or blurring. Headaches that are worse in the morning. Hearing loss or ringing in the ears. Memory loss. Loss of smell. Seizures. Weakness in the arms or legs. Trouble speaking. […] Most symptoms of a meningioma come on slowly. But sometimes a meningioma needs care right away. […] Often, because meningiomas do not cause any symptoms you notice, they are found only from imaging scans done for other reasons.

• #6 Meningioma Brain Tumor Diagnosis and Symptoms – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/neurosurgery/meningioma

  Meningioma symptoms may occur gradually, starting relatively minor. These subtle symptoms may persist for a long period of time before a meningioma diagnosis. Based on the location of the meningioma, symptoms may include: […] The symptoms of meningioma may occur gradually, starting relatively minor. These subtle symptoms may persist for a long period of time before a meningioma diagnosis. Based on the location of the meningioma, symptoms may include: headaches, blurred vision, seizures, numbness, weakness in arms or legs, speech difficulty, memory loss, hearing loss. […] A small meningioma likely won’t cause symptoms and may only be noticed during routine imaging exams. As a meningioma grows, signs of meningioma will likely increase. […] An untreated meningioma that continues to grow can cause a worsening of symptoms and eventually serious medical complications and life-threatening situations for those living with meningioma.

• #7 Meningioma Symptoms: A Neurosurgeon Explains What to Look For

  https://www.hackensackmeridianhealth.org/en/healthu/2023/12/01/meningioma-symptoms-a-neurosurgeon-explains-what-to-look-for

  Making up about 40% of all primary brain tumors in the United States, meningiomas usually dont show any signs, especially when they’re just starting. […] Because there aren’t always clear signs, it can be hard to find meningiomas until they get bigger or press on nearby parts of the brain, causing problems. […] While not everyone with a meningioma experiences symptoms, some people do. Understanding the symptoms of meningioma is crucial, considering they can affect various parts of the brain. […] When meningioma symptoms do occur, they may include: Headaches, Hearing loss, Loss of smell, Numbness, Seizures, Visual disturbances, Weakness. […] Remember that the symptoms of meningiomas are diverse, depending on the tumor’s location and its impact on surrounding structures. […] The key lies in early detection, appropriate treatment, and vigilant monitoring. […] Anytime you have new symptoms affecting your central nervous system, get to a doctor as soon as possible. […] Symptoms can overlap with other conditions, making it crucial to consult a health care professional for accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.

• #8 Meningioma | Brain and spinal cord tumours | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/brain-tumours/types/meningioma

  Symptoms of meningioma depend on where the tumour is in the brain. Some meningiomas do not cause any symptoms. They might be picked up when you have a brain scan for something else. […] If you have symptoms these might include: fits (seizures), weakness in your arms or legs, loss of eyesight, hearing loss. […] Your treatment depends on whether the meningioma is low grade (slow growing) or high grade (fast growing). It also depends on where the tumour is. […] For a low grade meningioma, your doctor might monitor you with regular MRI scans. This is called active monitoring. You then have treatment if there are signs that the tumour is growing. […] For a grade 1 meningioma, you might have an MRI scan every year, for up to 5 years. You then have an MRI scan every 2 years. For a grade 2 meningioma, you might have an MRI scan every 6 to 12 months. After 5 years, you have an MRI scan every 2 years. For a grade 3 meningioma, you might have an MRI scan every 3 to 6 months. After 2 years, you have an MRI scan every 6 to 12 months.

• #9 Meningiomas – Neurologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/intracranial-and-spinal-tumors/meningiomas

  Symptoms of meningiomas depend on which part of the brain is compressed and thus on the tumors location. […] Ultimately, signs of increased intracranial pressure. […] Symptoms vary greatly depending on the location of the tumor.

• #10 Diagnosing Meningioma | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/meningioma/diagnosis

  Meningiomas are tumors that develop in the meninges, the three layers of connective tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord. The majority of meningiomas are benign, meaning they dont contain cancer cells and grow slowly. But some tumors are atypical, meaning the cells act more aggressively and grow more quickly. Very rarely, meningiomas are malignant, meaning they contain cancer. […] Depending on their location, these tumors can cause various symptoms. Symptoms are caused by pressure on critical nerves, areas of the brain, and the brainstem, which connects the brain to the spinal cord. Meningiomas of the brain or skull base can cause headache, weakness on one side of the body, seizures, vision changes, memory loss, or problems with balance and walking. Spinal meningiomas can cause weakness, numbness, and pain in the arms or legs.

• #11 Meningioma: Diagnosis and Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/rare-brain-spine-tumor/tumors/meningioma

  Symptoms related to a meningioma depend on the tumors location. Here are some possible symptoms that can occur: […] Vision changes […] Loss of hearing or smell […] Confusion […] Seizures […] Headaches that are worse in the morning. […] The likely outcome of the disease or chance of recovery is called prognosis. Prognosis is based on tumor grade, location, tumor type, extent of tumor spread, genetic findings, the patients age, and tumor remaining after surgery (if surgery is possible). […] The relative five-year survival rate for high-grade meningioma is 63.5 percent. However, many factors can affect prognosis. These include the tumor grade and molecular type, the persons age and health when diagnosed, and how they respond to treatment.

• #12 Meningioma: Signs, Symptoms, and Complications

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/meningioma-signs-symptoms-and-complications-5199404

  Most meningiomas are a benign, slow-growing brain tumor that forms in the outer layer of the brain and spine. Meningiomas are the most common type of non-cancerous brain tumor. Often, a meningioma is present without any obvious symptoms, which can make it difficult to identify and diagnose. Since the tumor is slow-growing, symptoms tend to develop over a long period of time. Depending on the size and location of the tumor and which part of the brain or spine is affected, symptoms will vary. While the tumor is non-cancerous, as it grows, symptoms may become more severe or debilitating, and in some cases, can be life-threatening. […] Meningioma symptoms vary depending on the size and location of the tumor. Since meningiomas are slow-growing, symptoms often build up over time. This can make early symptoms easy to overlook or ignore. Many people never feel any symptoms. As the tumor grows, it can press into the soft tissue of the brain, eventually growing into the brain tissue. As the tumor applies more pressure to the brain, neurological symptoms may appear. Symptoms may include: Headaches: This is the most common symptom of a meningioma. Most people say the headache is a dull, occasionally throbbing pain. Most of the time, you can only feel them in the front of your head, on both the left and right sides. However, the side of the tumor often feels a little worse. These headaches are worse in the morning, as the patient wakes up, and improve gradually over the course of the day. Loss of smell: Meningiomas in the front of the brain can press on the nerves that send and receive odor information. Changes in vision: Partial or total vision loss, often occurring in a single eye, can be a sign that a tumor is pressing on the optic nerve. You may also notice your vision is becoming blurry, or you start seeing double. Hearing loss: You may experience hearing loss if the tumor affects the nerve responsible for hearing. Changes in thoughts or personality: Large meningiomas may affect cognitive function, changing the way people think or react to certain situations. For instance, some people become more easily irritated or lose interest in a hobby or other favorite activities. Memory loss and trouble focusing can also be symptoms. Seizures: About 20% to 50% of people who have a meningioma will experience a seizure. Some people experience less obvious seizures, which only affect their vision or speech for a few seconds. Others may pass out, stiffen up, or experience uncontrollable muscle jerks.

• #13 Clinical Trials Recurrent Meningioma Treatment | Ivy Brain Tumor Center

  https://www.ivybraintumorcenter.org/brain-tumor-care/brain-tumor-types/meningiomas/

  Meningioma Symptoms […] People with meningioma may experience the following symptoms: […] New onset or change in pattern of headaches […] Headaches that gradually become more frequent and more severe […] New onset of seizures […] Gradual loss of sensation or movement in an arm or a leg […] Difficulty with balance […] Difficulty speaking […] Personality or behavior changes […] Confusion […] Unexplained nausea or vomiting […] Blurred vision, double vision, or loss of peripheral vision […] Hearing problems. […] Routine MRI imaging shows no signs of tumor progression.

• #14 Meningioma | The Brain Tumour Charity

  https://www.thebraintumourcharity.org/brain-tumour-diagnosis-treatment/types-of-brain-tumour-adult/meningioma/

  Meningioma symptoms usually begin gradually, as they gently push and compress brain tissue, rather than invading it. […] That being said, meningioma symptoms could include: […] Headaches […] Change in vision, like partial loss of vision or double vision […] Cognitive difficulties like memory loss […] Hearing loss or ringing in the ears […] Loss of smell […] Seizures (epilepsy) […] Feeling weak in your limbs. […] These tumours can often be present in the brain without causing any symptoms for many years. […] Grade 1 meningiomas are the most common and may not cause symptoms for many years after diagnosis. […] These are slow growing, but may be more likely to come back after treatment, possibly as a higher grade. […] These are very rare and faster growing, with a higher chance of recurring after treatment.

• #15 Meningioma | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/m/meningioma.html

  A meningioma can still cause neurological problems because of its location. As these tumors grow, they can compress the brain and spinal cord. This leads to serious symptoms. […] These tumors usually grow slowly. You may not have any symptoms until the tumor has become large. The tumor can cause different symptoms, depending on where it’s growing. These are possible symptoms: Vision or hearing loss, or ringing in the ears, Seizures, Trouble thinking clearly, Trouble walking, Loss of smell, Weakness in an arm or leg, Headache, Nausea, Change in personality or behavior. […] Symptoms depend on where the tumor is. They can include headache, nausea, vision or hearing loss, seizures, trouble thinking, loss of coordination, or weakness in an arm or leg.

• #16 Meningiomas > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/meningiomas

  Symptoms may include impaired ability to talk, muscle weakness, or impaired sight […] The location of a brain tumor, along with its size, usually determines its symptoms. […] For example, a meningioma that is putting pressure on the region of the brain controlling speech will affect the persons ability to talk. Similarly, a meningioma near the „motor” part of the brain can cause weakness, while one pushing on the visual cortex can interfere with sight. […] All brain tumors can cause headaches and most can lead to abnormal electrical activity in the brain, or seizures. Still, many meningioma grow so slowly that symptoms occur gradually and may be subtle. Some patients with tumors never notice symptoms of any kind. […] Meningiomas that cause neurological problems for a patient require treatment, usually surgery.

• #16 Meningiomas > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/meningiomas

  If a tumor causes symptoms, is large, or shows growth during close monitoring over time, surgery is usually the best treatment option. […] For most patients, especially those with Grade 1 meningioma, successful surgery will remove the tumor completely. […] While surgery is typically the end of treatment for benign meningiomas, patients continue to have scans performed regularly to be sure that the tumor does not come back. […] As discussed above, Grade 2 and Grade 3 meningiomas require surgery and radiation will often be given afterwards.

• #17 How to live with a meningioma: experiences, symptoms, and challenges reported by patients

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7415257/

  We aimed to explore gaps in the care of meningioma patients that could improve quality of care by better understanding symptoms experienced by patients at various stages of treatment, and afterwards. […] Moreover, we found that a substantial proportion of patients continued to report symptoms long after treatment, with fatigue being the most common compared to before treatment (38.2% vs. 57.7%, P .001). […] Patients with meningiomas exhibit symptoms that continue well after treatment with fatigue and cognitive impairments as the most bothersome. […] Pretreatment symptoms of meningiomas may persist long after treatment. […] Fatigue and cognitive decline may lower quality of life long after meningioma treatment. […] The significant impairments in quality of life that both the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors may portend is being increasingly recognized.

• #18 How to live with a meningioma: experiences, symptoms, and challenges reported by patients

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7415257/

  Patients with meningiomas report difficulties with physical, social, and emotional function, considerable neurocognitive impairments, particularly with memory, attention, and executive function that may significantly impair daily living. […] The most common symptoms at the time of diagnosis were headache (60.5%), fatigue (38.2%), trouble with vision (32.9%), cognitive impairment (27.1%), behavioral changes (22.1%), and motor weakness (20.6%). […] Persistent symptoms even after treatment remain substantial in patients with meningiomas. […] In fact, the prevalence of prediagnosis symptoms remained relatively the same after treatment. […] There was increased reporting of subjective cognitive deficits including memory, higher level thinking, etc. (42.3% posttreatment vs. 27.1% pretreatment) and fatigue after treatment compared to before (57.7% vs. 38.2%).

• #19 Patient education: Meningioma (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/meningioma-beyond-the-basics/print

  Meningiomas can cause hearing loss if the tumor is close to the nerve that controls hearing. […] People with large meningiomas may have subtle or even dramatic changes in their personality or thinking. The person may appear forgetful, have trouble paying attention, or seem to be a different person, often with increased irritability or with less interest or engagement in past activities or hobbies. […] A meningioma can cause weakness, numbness, or altered sensation in the arms, legs, or both, depending upon the location of the tumor. […] Meningiomas in a specific region of the brain can cause difficulty with balance or cause problems with coordination such as clumsiness. […] As a meningioma grows, its increasing size can increase the pressure inside the skull. This can lead to persistent headaches and eventually to nausea and vomiting. […] Meningiomas located at the base of the brain in the frontal region can cause pressure on the nerves that transmit odor signals from the nose to the brain.

• #20 All about meningioma: What patients should know | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/5-meningioma-questions–answered.h00-159466368.html

  Meningiomas are a primary central nervous system tumor that make up 38% of all primary intracranial tumors. They are typically benign and often go undetected for many years. Even though these types of tumors grow slowly over time, they can become life-threatening. […] While some patients will not experience any symptoms, others might have: headaches, seizures, personality changes, weakness or numbness of the face or limbs, and/or vision changes. These meningioma symptoms depend on the tumors location. As meningiomas get closer to the nerve, the tumor can affect certain senses, including sight, hearing, taste or smell. […] Treatment will be needed if the tumor begins to grow or cause symptoms. For most healthy adults, surgery is the next step. A neurosurgeon will perform a craniotomy to safely remove the brain tumor. […] If a tumor comes back or if the tumor cannot be fully removed with surgery, patients may undergo radiation therapy to destroy tumor cells and stop them from growing. Chemotherapy is also used to treat meningiomas that come back after surgery and radiation.

• #21 Meningioma | Brain Tumor Center | Stanford Medicine

  https://med.stanford.edu/brain-tumor/conditions/meningioma.html

  Depending on the tumors location, a specific nerve or area of the brain may be affected. Some examples of location-specific symptoms include: Leg weakness from a parasagittal meningioma (motor cortex in the frontal lobe), Loss of smell from an olfactory groove meningioma (olfactory nerve), Facial pain from a posterior fossa meningioma (trigeminal nerve), Vision problems from a suprasellar meningioma (optic nerve).

• #21 Meningioma | Brain Tumor Center | Stanford Medicine

  https://med.stanford.edu/brain-tumor/conditions/meningioma.html

  Meningiomas cause symptoms by compressing nearby nerves, blood vessels, or brain tissue. […] Some people with meningioma do not experience any symptoms. Depending on its location, a tumor may grow quite large before it causes symptoms. […] A meningioma forms on the membranes outside the brain and spinal cord, but it can cause CNS irritation and dysfunction, as well as a rise in intracranial pressure (pressure within the skull) when it: Pushes on or compresses nearby brain tissue and nerves, Causes swelling of neighboring tissues, Blocks CSF flow and causes an accumulation of CSF within the skull, Obstructs blood flow in intracranial blood vessels. […] In response, people may experience the following: Headaches, Seizures, Personality changes, Nausea and vomiting, Increased irritability, Problems with concentration, memory, and attention, Decreased interest in activities.

• #22 Parasagittal meningiomas: Symptoms, causes, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/parasagittal-meningioma

  Most parasagittal meningiomas tend to be slow-growing and noncancerous. Still, treatment is necessary as they can cause serious health problems, such as seizures or problems with coordination. […] Symptoms of parasagittal meningiomas can vary depending on the tumors size, location, and effect on nearby brain tissue. […] When symptoms do occur, they can include: persistent headaches, seizures, visual disturbances, limb weakness or numbness, changes in behavior or personality, speech difficulties, problems with coordination. […] Research indicated that they most commonly experienced motor deficits. This means a person has trouble moving body parts the way they want. […] When a parasagittal meningioma pushes on the motor cortex or other areas of the brain, it can disrupt normal function and cause issues with moving certain body parts, such as the limbs or facial muscles.

• #23 Meningioma

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/neuroscience/neurosurgery/conditions-treated/meningioma/

  Parasagittal/falx meningioma: Grow between the dura fold which runs between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. Those affected may have personality changes, headache, vision problems, difficulty with reasoning and memory skills, and weakness or numbness in the limbs. […] Posterior fossa meningioma: Grow on the underside of the brain near the brainstem and cerebellum. These tumors can cause hearing loss. They can also cause trigeminal neuralgia, a condition resulting in extreme facial pain and sometimes facial spasms. […] Spinal meningioma: Located in the thoracic spine (where the spine connects to the ribs), these cause back pain which worsens at night, and numbness or paralysis of the legs.

• #23 Meningioma

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/neuroscience/neurosurgery/conditions-treated/meningioma/

  Meningiomas grow very slowly over time, and many patients dont notice symptoms for years. […] You should seek immediate medical care if you suspect you have a meningioma, as these tumors can cause disability. Seek emergency care if you have a sudden onset of seizures, rapid changes in vision or memory, or headaches worsening over time. […] Signs of a meningioma develop slowly over time, because the tumor grows so slowly, and symptoms are barely noticeable until the tumor is quite large. Some people do not notice symptoms at all, and only discover they have a meningioma when receiving a brain scan for some other condition. […] Across all types of meningiomas, general symptoms include: Frequent headaches, worsening over time; Personality changes or behavior more noticeable over time; Problems with vision, sense of smell, and hearing; Memory loss; Nausea and vomiting; Confusion; Persistent sleepiness; Weakness or numbness in the limbs; Seizures.

• #24 Symptoms of Meningioma | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/meningioma/natural-history/symptoms

  Meningiomas are typically benign and slow-growing tumors of the meninges, which is a protective layer around the brain and spinal cord. Despite the slow-growing nature of these tumors, compression of vital brain tissue can cause a variety of symptoms and neurological deficits. […] In contrast, small meningiomas located in more sensitive areas and producing edema (brain swelling) may cause many symptoms. […] Meningiomas most often cause symptoms by pressing on nearby structures. Given that different parts of the brain and spinal cord are responsible for different functions, meningiomas can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their location. […] For example, a meningioma compressing the part of the brain that is responsible for producing speech, called Brocas area, may result in a loss of fluency and cadence in verbal speech. Moreover, a meningioma compressing parts of the frontal lobe, which is the part of the brain that contributes to our individual personality, may cause a patient to have a personality change, become aggressive, or exhibit a lack of inhibition.

• #25 Understanding Olfactory Groove Meningioma Tumors: Signs & Treatments

  https://www.ctbta.org/news/blog/understanding-olfactory-groove-meningioma-tumors-signs-and-treatments

  Olfactory groove meningioma tumors grow in a unique spot in the brain, which means the signs and symptoms can be a bit different than other brain tumors. […] You might experience blurry vision or even temporary loss of sight. This happens because the tumor is near the optic nerve, the nerve that sends visual information from your eyes to your brain. […] As the tumor grows larger, it can press on other parts of the brain and lead to more noticeable symptoms. These can include headaches that won’t go away or get worse over time. You may also experience dizziness or balance issues which can make everyday activities feel awkward or unsafe. […] Sometimes, cognitive changes show up. This means you might find it challenging to focus or remember things. It’s as if your brain is foggy, and you can’t think as clearly as you normally do. […] Nausea and vomiting can occur as well, especially in the morning. These aren’t symptoms you should ignore, as they can indicate increased pressure inside the skull, a condition that requires immediate attention.

• #26 Suprasellar Meningioma – Treatment & Symptoms | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/neurosurgery/services/meningiomas/types/suprasellar

  When her vision didn’t return after an ophthalmology exam, Josephine Dambuleff, 62, saw several doctors before a neurologist ordered an MRI. That’s when she found out that the impaired vision she experienced turned out not to be caused by eye drops, but to a ping-pong ball-sized grade 1 meningioma. […] Suprasellar meningiomas tend to affect middle-aged men and women, account for about 10 percent of all meningiomas, and occur near the pituitary gland and optic nerves at the skull base. These slow-growing tumors can cause severe visual impairment in one or both eyes if they press directly on the optic nerves. You can lose your vision altogether as the tumor grows. These tumors grow over months or years and can cause pituitary hormone dysfunction. Other symptoms include changes in behavior, facial numbness, headaches, loss of sense of smell, memory loss, and seizures.

• #27 Symptoms of Meningioma | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/meningioma/natural-history/symptoms

  Symptoms may include problems with coordination, swallowing, walking, hearing, and nausea. They can also cause blurry vision and headaches. […] Symptoms of these tumors may include worsening of balance, loss of muscle tone in various parts of the body, pain in the upper neck or back of the head, sensory changes, and dysfunction of several cranial nerves. […] Olfactory groove meningiomas, found near the nerves that are responsible for the sense of smell, can result in changes or loss of a patients ability to smell. These tumors typically reach a giant size and lead to personality changes due to compressing the frontal lobes. […] Cerebellar meningiomas cause changes in balance and lack of coordination of movements. […] Suprasellar meningiomas often cause issues with the pituitary gland, and therefore lead to changes in hormones. They can also result in headaches, seizures, and vision changes (due to their vicinity to the eye nerves). […] Meningiomas are typically benign, slow-growing tumors that affect the protective covering of the brain, called the meninges. Because the meninges cover the entire surface of the brain, a variety of symptoms may occur.

• #28 Foramen Magnum Meningioma – Treatment & Symptoms | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/neurosurgery/services/meningiomas/types/foramen-magnum

  People with this type of meningioma can experience a slow progression of symptoms over the course of two years or more before we diagnose the condition. […] These symptoms can include worsening of balance, involuntary twitching, involuntary tremors related to the lower cranial nerves, loss of muscle tone in the tongue, legs, arms, and hands, pain in the upper neck, back of the head, and/or behind the eyes, and sensation changes to the arms or legs. […] As the progression worsens, you may experience loss bladder or bowel control.

• #29 Olfactory Groove and Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas Diagnosis & Treatment – NYC | Columbia Neurosurgery in New York City

  https://www.neurosurgery.columbia.edu/patient-care/conditions/olfactory-groove-and-sphenoid-wing-meningiomas

  Meningiomas may arise from any location where meninges exist (eg, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, middle ear, mediastinum) and are generally thought to be slow-growing and benign. […] Olfactory groove meningiomas often cause a loss of the sense of smell. If they grow large enough, they can also compress the nerves to the eyes, causing visual symptoms as well. […] Sphenoid meningiomas (meningiomas growing on the optic nerve behind the eyes) can cause visual problems, including loss of patches within your field of vision, or even blindness. In addition, they can cause loss of sensation in the face, or facial numbness. […] Symptoms are caused by compression of brain or spinal cord. The tumor has a predilection for certain regions and produces symptoms and signs specific to the tumors location. The clinical course of a meningioma characteristically spans a period of years. […] Rarely does the patient report loss of sense of smell as a symptom, although it is usually documented on examination. However, if olfaction is still present the patient should be warned about the loss of this function, since acute loss may be quite bothersome.

• #30 Meningioma Symptoms | Side Effects Of Meningioma

  https://www.valleygammaknife.com/meningioma-treatment-symptoms/

  Intraventricular meningioma – This type of tumor forms within the brain’s ventricles, which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Symptoms include the build-up of CSF, hydrocephalus, headaches and impaired mental function. […] Olfactory groove meningioma – This type of tumor occurs in the area between the nerves of the nose and brain. Symptoms include loss of sense of smell and vision problems. […] Posterior fossa meningioma – This type of tumor occurs at the back of the brain. Symptoms include facial numbness or paralysis, hearing difficulty, problems with balance and coordination. […] Sphenoid meningioma – This type of tumor develops behind the sphenoid bone of the skull, in the area behind the eyes. Symptoms include facial numbness or paralysis, vision difficulties and seizures. […] Spinal meningioma – This type of tumor can form anywhere along the spinal cord. Symptoms include back pain and unexplained limb pain due to compression of nerves. […] Because a meningioma can occur anywhere along the CNS, the potential symptoms are highly variable.

• #31 Meningioma | UCSF Brain Tumor Center

  https://braintumorcenter.ucsf.edu/condition/meningioma

  Symptoms of meningioma vary greatly depending on the size and location of the tumor. Most meningiomas are slow-growing and may not cause symptoms initially. Symptoms commonly arise when the tumor is large enough to apply pressure on surrounding brain tissue, which can interfere with normal brain functions. Symptoms of meningioma may include the following: […] Specific symptoms may relate to the location of the tumor, and the neighboring brain tissue that is being compressed. For example, intraventricular meningioma may block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which increases pressure in the brain and can cause headaches. […] Sphenoid ridge meningioma may grow large enough to cause vision problems, or compress nearby cranial nerves, which may result in facial numbness. […] Olfactory groove meningioma can result in loss of smell if the olfactory nerves are compressed; vision problems may even occur if the tumor is large enough to compress the optic nerves, which transmit information from the eyes to the brain.

• #32 Meningioma: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17858-meningioma

  The most common symptoms of spinal meningiomas include: Pain at the location of the tumor. Radiculopathy. Neurological issues, such as weakness, poor muscle tone (hypotonia) and decreased or absent reflex responses (hyporeflexia). […] If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s important to tell your healthcare provider as soon as possible. […] Meningiomas can come back after treatment (recur). The recurrence rate of meningioma is associated with the extent of surgical removal. Complete surgical removal is associated with lower recurrence rates.

• #33 Spinal Meningioma Tumor Symptoms and Surgical Treatment | UPMC

  https://www.upmc.com/services/neurosurgery/spine/conditions/tumors-lesions/meningioma

  Meningiomas may put pressure on parts of the spine, causing symptoms such as pain, loss of sensation or motor function, and partial paralysis. […] Symptoms of meningiomas are caused by pressure from the growing tumor on the surrounding tissue. Because these tumors can occur in a variety of places, symptoms vary, and tend to become more severe as the tumor grows in size. […] Symptoms may include: Loss of sensation or weakness in the arms and legs, Episodes of partial paralysis, Pain.

• #34

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/aurora-spine-services/spinal-meningioma

  Symptoms generally dont occur unless your tumor has begun to press on your spinal cord. Spinal meningioma symptoms may include: […] Difficulty walking or maintaining balance […] Weakness […] Pain at the tumor site […] Loss of bowel or bladder control […] Loss of sensation, vision, hearing, smell and taste […] Neurological problems, including changes in personality.

• #35 Meningioma Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1156552-clinical

  Vascular: This presentation, although rare, should be considered. Meningiomas of the skull base may narrow and even occlude important cerebral arteries, possibly presenting either as transient ischemic attack (TIA)like episodes or as stroke. […] Spinal meningiomas may give rise to a Brown-Sequard syndrome (ie, contralateral decreased pain sensation, ipsilateral weakness, decrease in position sense), sphincteric weakness and, ultimately, complete quadriparesis or paraparesis. […] Progression to anaplastic meningioma has been associated with involvement of chromosomal site 17q.

• #35 Meningioma Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1156552-clinical

  Meningiomas produce their symptoms by several mechanisms. They may cause symptoms by irritating the underlying cortex, compressing the brain or the cranial nerves, producing hyperostosis and/or invading the overlying soft tissues, or inducing vascular injuries to the brain. The signs and symptoms secondary to meningiomas may appear or become exacerbated during pregnancy but usually abate or improve in the postpartum period. […] Irritation: By irritating the underlying cortex, meningiomas can cause seizures. New-onset seizures in adults justify neuroimaging (eg, MRI) to exclude the possibility of an intracranial neoplasm. […] Compression: Localized or nonspecific headaches are common. Compression of the underlying brain can give rise to focal or more generalized cerebral dysfunction, as evinced by focal weakness, dysphasia, apathy, and/or somnolence.

• #36 Meningioma | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/meningioma

  The symptoms of a meningioma can be triggered by various means including: Compression – the tumour may be large enough to squash the underlying brain tissue. Headaches are a common symptom, Irritation – the nerves of the brain may be irritated and disrupted by the tumour’s presence, particularly if the tumour is located over the cortex (uppermost layer of the brain). Seizures are a common symptom of cortex irritation, Invasion – the tumour may invade brain tissue. Symptoms depend on which parts of the brain are affected, Injuries to blood vessels – the tumour may disrupt blood flow to various parts of the brain by injuring or blocking the blood vessels.

• #37 Meningioma in adults | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/brain-tumour/meningioma

  Meningiomas usually grow slowly. They may not cause any obvious symptoms and are often found during tests for something else. Tumours that do not cause symptoms may not need any treatment. […] As a tumour grows, it can press on nearby areas of the brain. This can cause symptoms because it stops that part of the brain from working normally. Some symptoms can also happen because the tumour causes a build-up of pressure inside the skull. This is called raised intracranial pressure. […] Symptoms can depend on the size and position of the tumour. They also depend on how slowly or quickly it grows. Symptoms may develop suddenly, or slowly over months or years. […] Symptoms may include: headaches, problems with balance, weakness in an arm or leg, change in your eyesight, changes in speech or swallowing, changes in personality, being confused, seizures (fits), sickness (vomiting).

• #38 Symptoms of Meningioma | Neurological Surgery

  https://neurosurgery.weillcornell.org/condition/meningioma/symptoms-meningioma

  Meningiomas dont always cause any symptoms at all many are discovered incidentally, during an MRI or CT scan done for another reason (such as after an injury or accident). […] When a meningioma does cause symptoms, the location of the tumor affects what those symptoms are. Since the symptoms usually become apparent when the meningioma presses against the brain, nerves, and blood vessels below it, the symptoms can vary depending on what brain structures are being compressed. Depending on its location, a meningioma may cause: […] Most people with headaches and nausea do not have brain tumors, of course, but anyone with neurological symptoms like those listed above should be evaluated by a physician. Suspected or confirmed brain tumors should be referred to a neurosurgeon for evaluation.

• #39 Meningioma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/meningioma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355648

  A meningioma can be hard to diagnose because the tumor is often slow growing. Symptoms of a meningioma also may be subtle and thought to be other health conditions or signs of aging. […] If the meningioma causes symptoms or shows signs that it’s growing, your healthcare professional may suggest surgery. […] If your healthcare provider finds that the meningioma is growing and needs to be treated, you have several treatment choices.

• #40 Meningioma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560538/

  The recurrence rate of meningioma at ten years can reach 20%. High recurrence rates have been reported in higher-grade meningiomas. In grade 3, the recurrence rate is about 50% to 94%. Whereas in grades 1 and 2, the recurrence rate is 7% to 25% and 29% to 52%, respectively. […] The 5-year progression-free survival for grade 1 is 95.7%, for grade 2 is 81.8%, and for grade 3 is 46.7%, while the 10-year progression-free survival for grade 1 is 90.4.7%, and for grade 2 is 69.4%. […] Recurrence is associated with the histological grade; grade 1 has a 4.9%, grade 2 has 18.4%, and grade 3 has a 27.3% incidence of recurrence.

• #41

  https://braintumourresearch.org/pages/types-of-brain-tumours-meningioma?srsltid=AfmBOorvXF8fiEsAhHf50RTjyeNVfHP9Ue83jXfyHfM3DOdZLgPrFNVs

  Signs and symptoms of a meningioma may be quite subtle at first, only growing gradually and depending on where in the brain or (in rare instances) the spine the tumour is situated. […] Symptoms are primarily caused by the meningioma growing to a size that puts pressure on parts of the brain or spine nerves and blood vessels. This is especially true if the tumour is growing inwards rather than spreading close to the skull.

• #42 How to live with a meningioma: experiences, symptoms, and challenges reported by patients

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7415257/

  Amongst all respondents 5-years out from their treatment, a substantial proportion of patients continued to report having headaches (38.7%), weakness (23.2%), behavioral changes (25.9%), and cognitive impairment (39.0%). […] These findings suggest that despite surgical cure, patients with meningiomas continue to have long-term effects from their initial tumor and may benefit from tailored neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric support in addition to physical rehabilitation.

• #43 Meningioma Symptoms: Early Warning Signs to Watch For

  https://www.drugwatch.com/drugs/depo-provera/meningioma/symptoms/

  Chronic fatigue is a common issue for patients treated for meningioma. This condition can linger long after treatment. Research suggests chronic fatigue is linked to patients struggles with thinking and the brains ongoing efforts to heal from the damage caused by the meningioma. […] If you experience sudden seizures, you should seek emergency care immediately. Otherwise, you should see a doctor if you have persistent or worsening headaches, changes in vision, hearing loss, unexplained memory issues or weakness in your arms or legs.

• #44 Meningioma (Meninges Tumor): Signs and Symptoms

  https://www.health.com/meningioma-symptoms-8746221

  You should contact your healthcare provider for any signs or symptoms of a meningioma. See your healthcare team if you experience decreased muscle strength or difficulty moving, vision changes or headaches, or personality changes. […] You might be more likely to experience symptoms if the tumor is bigger. Your symptoms would depend on the meningioma’s location in the brain and may include dizziness, headaches, pain, or seizures.

• #45 Recognizing Meningioma Symptoms: A Guide for Long-Term Depo-Provera Users – Morris James LLP

  https://www.morrisjames.com/p/102jvjj/recognizing-meningioma-symptoms-a-guide-for-long-term-depo-provera-users/

  If you’ve used Depo-Provera for over a year, its critical to understand its potential health risks, including the link to meningiomas. These brain tumors, while often non-cancerous, can cause significant symptoms and lead to serious complications if left untreated. […] For those who have relied on Depo-Provera as a contraceptive, its essential to recognize the symptoms of meningiomas and take action if they arise. […] Persistent headaches that worsen over time […] Vision problems such as blurred vision, double vision, or vision loss […] Memory difficulties or confusion, often accompanied by trouble concentrating […] Seizures, even in individuals without a history of epilepsy […] Weakness or numbness in limbs […] These symptoms can vary based on the tumors size and location, but they often disrupt daily life and require prompt medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to improving your quality of life and preventing further complications.

• #46 Early Warning Symptoms of Meningioma

  https://www.shapirolegalgroup.com/early-warning-symptoms-of-meningioma.html

  The signs of meningioma often emerge gradually and can masquerade as everyday health issues. In fact, some people may not notice any symptoms at all. Some of the earliest warning signs may include: Persistent headaches […] If you notice any of the above symptoms after taking Depo-Provera, seek medical attention as soon as possible. Your doctor will run tests to diagnose your condition and help develop a treatment plan to address the tumor. […] Seek emergency care if experiencing sudden seizures or abrupt changes in vision or memory function. Schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider if you notice persistent headaches that intensify over time, gradual vision changes, or any combination of these symptoms.

• #47 New Jersey Meningioma Treatment, Surgery, Symptoms & Diagnosis

  https://www.igeaneuro.com/brain-meningioma.php

  Not every meningioma displays symptoms. […] Others have progressive symptoms that worsen as the tumor grows and may vary based on the tumors’ location. These symptoms may include: Blurred or double vision, Chronic headaches that progressively worsen, Memory loss or cognitive difficulties, Loss of hearing, Recurring seizures, Weakness in limbs and extremities.

• #48 Meningiomas Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatments Neurosurgery

  https://www.precisionhealth.com.au/healthcare-services/advanced-neurosurgery-spinal-surgery/conditions-treated/brain-tumours/meningiomas/

  Meningiomas may cause one or more of the following symptoms: headaches, seizures (epileptic fits), personality or mood changes, progressive weakness, numbness, or speech disturbance, confusion or drowsiness, hearing loss, nausea and/or vomiting, visual disturbance, loss of smell, unsteadiness. […] Atypical meningiomas are more aggressive than benign meningiomas. […] The prognosis for benign meningiomas is generally very good, particularly where they can be completely removed surgically.

• #49 Meningioma: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatment | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/skull-base-tumors/meningioma

  Theres no specific tumor size that means you need surgery for a meningioma. Some small meningiomas cause symptoms and require removal. However, larger meningiomas are more likely to require surgery. […] Your neurosurgeon will likely recommend imaging every one to three years after meningioma treatment. These tests help us detect meningiomas quickly if they grow back.

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