Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Brain tumor – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brain-tumor/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350088

  Treatment for a brain tumor depends on whether the tumor is a brain cancer or if it’s not cancerous, also called a benign brain tumor. Treatment options also depend on the type, size, grade and location of the brain tumor. Options might include surgery, radiation therapy, radiosurgery, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. When considering your treatment options, your health care team also considers your overall health and your preferences. […] Treatment might not be needed right away. You might not need treatment right away if your brain tumor is small, isn’t cancerous and doesn’t cause symptoms. Small, benign brain tumors might not grow or might grow so slowly that they won’t ever cause problems. You might have brain MRI scans a few times a year to check for brain tumor growth. If the brain tumor grows more quickly than expected or if you develop symptoms, you might need treatment.

• #2 Non-cancerous (benign) brain tumours – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-cancerous-benign-brain-tumours/

  Non-cancerous brain tumours are usually treatable. […] Your treatment depends on the type of tumour it is, where it is in your brain and any symptoms you have. […] You may not need treatment straight away because non-cancerous tumours tend to grow slowly. You might just have regular check-ups and scans to monitor it. […] If treatment is needed, the main treatment is surgery to remove the tumour. […] This usually involves cutting out a small piece of skull so the surgeon can remove the tumour. The piece is then fixed back in place and the cut in your skin is closed with stitches. […] Some people may need other treatments, such as: radiotherapy (where radiation is used to kill the tumour cells), chemotherapy (where medicines are used to kill the tumour cells), treatment for any symptoms caused by the tumour (for example, medicines for nausea, seizures or pain).

• #2 Brain tumor – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brain-tumor/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350088

  The goal of surgery for a brain tumor is to remove all of the tumor cells. The tumor can’t always be removed completely. When it’s possible, the surgeon works to remove as much of the brain tumor as can be done safely. Brain tumor removal surgery can be used to treat brain cancers and benign brain tumors. […] Radiation therapy for brain tumors uses powerful energy beams to kill tumor cells. Radiation therapy can be used to treat brain cancers and benign brain tumors. […] Stereotactic radiosurgery for brain tumors is an intense form of radiation treatment. It aims beams of radiation from many angles at the brain tumor. Radiosurgery can be used to treat brain cancers and benign brain tumors. […] Chemotherapy can be used to treat brain cancers and benign brain tumors. […] Targeted therapy for brain tumors uses medicines that attack specific chemicals present within the tumor cells. Targeted therapy medicines are available for certain types of brain cancers and benign brain tumors.

• #2 Non-cancerous (benign) brain tumours – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-cancerous-benign-brain-tumours/

  Most non-cancerous brain tumours can be successfully treated, but it can take a while to recover from the effects of a tumour and any treatment you had. […] You may need treatment and support to help you recover, such as: exercises and help with movement from a physiotherapist, help with speech and communication problems from a speech and language therapist, changes to your home and advice about making everyday tasks easier from an occupational therapist, help with your mental health from a counsellor or psychologist.

• #3 Benign is Not “Fine”: Common Misconceptions About Noncancerous Brain Tumors

  https://braintumor.org/news/benign-is-not-fine-common-misconceptions-about-noncancerous-brain-tumors/

  A benign brain tumor involves abnormal growths in the brain that can disrupt essential functions. These tumors can press on critical areas, causing debilitating symptoms, long-term complications, and a significant decline in quality of life. Many patients struggle with symptoms that affect their physical abilities, cognition, emotions, and social interactions. […] For many patients, managing a benign brain tumor involves treatment, which may include surgery, radiation, and/or medication. While serious complications are rare, every patient’s journey is unique, and recovery can look different for everyone. […] For many with non-malignant brain tumors, a craniotomy is scheduled to remove as much of the tumor as possible. Brain surgery is a major procedure with varied risks and potential complications, depending on the tumor’s location.

• #3 Benign (Non-Cancerous) Brain Tumors | OncoLink

  https://www.oncolink.org/cancers/brain-tumors/benign-non-cancerous-brain-tumors

  Treatment for your benign brain tumor will depend on many factors such as the type of tumor, where it is, how big it is, your age, and if the tumor is causing symptoms. The most common treatments for benign brain tumors are surgery and radiation. Your provider will decide the best treatment for you. […] Surgery is the most common treatment for removing benign brain tumors. The goal is to remove as much of the tumor as possible without hurting any healthy brain tissue. In some cases, only part of the tumor can be safely removed. […] Radiation is commonly used if all of the tumor was removed with surgery or if it cannot be removed. Radiation can help shrink the tumor. Benign tumors do not usually come back after surgery, but if they do radiation can be used. […] If your tumor is small and isn’t causing symptoms your provider may suggest a watch-and-wait approach. If your provider sees that the tumor is getting bigger or you are having symptoms they may decide to treat it. Some tumors never need treatment.

• #3 Benign (Non-Cancerous) Brain Tumors | OncoLink

  https://www.oncolink.org/cancers/brain-tumors/benign-non-cancerous-brain-tumors

  You may need to work with physical, occupational, or speech therapy to resume function. You may also need to see specialists that help with other needs such as hearing and vision. […] Some benign brain tumors can come back after treatment, this is called recurrence. It is important to continue your follow-up care plan. Follow-up care can include imaging (MRI), blood work, and physical examinations. Be sure to talk to your provider about any new or worsening symptoms.

• #4 What women need to know about common benign brain tumors | Brain | Women’s Health | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/benign-brain-tumor/

  Benign brain tumors large and small require medical care. […] It’s important for women to realize that not cancerous does not mean no treatment needed. All known brain tumors should be evaluated by a neurosurgeon, and some may need to be removed. The recommended treatment will depend upon the patient’s symptoms, the size and location of the tumor, and the balance of risks vs. benefits of having surgery. […] If the tumor is small and not causing any symptoms or posing an immediate threat, we do not have to do surgery. We can monitor the tumor over time to ensure that it doesn’t grow or start to cause issues. This process is called active monitoring. It can continue for many years if the tumor remains stable in size and the patient does not develop new or worsening symptoms. […] Large tumors or those that are putting pressure on critical areas of the brain such as those that control motor function, speech, or vision will have to be surgically removed. Today, surgeons have smaller tools and more precise techniques than ever before, resulting in faster recovery times.

• #5 Non-Malignant Benign Brain Tumors | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/brain-tumor/types/benign

  If none or only a part of the tumor can be safely removed through surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be used. Often, the remaining benign tumor cells after surgery are monitored and treated via chemotherapy and radiation if further growth is noted on follow-up imaging. […] However, some cases do not necessarily require surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. For example, an older patient with a small brain tumor may simply be monitored with yearly MRIs to ensure it is not growing.

• #6 If a Brain Tumor is Not Cancerous, Why Do Anything About It? | Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center – Buffalo, NY

  https://www.roswellpark.org/cancertalk/201805/if-brain-tumor-not-cancerous-why-do-anything-about-it

  Most benign tumors are treated with surgery, focused radiation or a combination of the two. Increasingly, we’re finding that a combination is better than either one by itself. If a tumor is large, it’s hard to treat it with just radiation therapy. Surgery will help reduce the tumor’s size, says Dr. Fenstermaker. […] At the same time, it may not be safe to remove the entire tumor. It could be touching or encasing blood vessels or other critical structures, such as nerves, and trying to remove the entire tumor could damage those structures. What we’re doing is reducing the size of those tumors with surgery and then treating them with focused radiation, such as Gamma Knife radiotherapy, to control what’s left. […] If treatment is needed, it’s still important that patients seek treatment at a National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center like Roswell Park, even for benign tumors.

• #7 Non-Malignant Benign Brain Tumors | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/brain-tumor/types/benign

  If you are diagnosed with a benign brain tumor, your neurosurgeon will discuss your treatment options. These options depend on factors such as the tumor size, your age and health, and the extent of your symptoms. […] Some non-malignant brain tumors may need to be removed surgically. Even a non-cancerous mass growing inside the head can be dangerous, as there is only so much room inside the skull for anything other than the brain. A slow-growing tumor may eventually create significant pressure on the brain that can cause symptoms and become life-threatening. […] The goal of operating on benign brain tumors is to safely remove as much of the mass as possible. In cases where the tumor is located deep inside the brain or near sensitive structures, only part of the tumor may be safely removed. The remaining cells are managed through observation, chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

• #8 Benign Brain Tumors San Antonio | Chemotherapy New Braunfels

  https://www.texasneurospine.com/benign-brain-tumors-neuro-spine-surgeons-san-antonio-new-braunfels-tx/

  Tumor location, size, and type are considered when deciding the type of surgery to perform. Surgery to remove a lesion in the brain is called a craniotomy. This is open brain surgery, requiring removal of part of the skull bone to access the brain tissues. […] Minimally invasive brain surgery may also be an option depending on your particular circumstances. This is performed with an endoscope through the nose (endonasal), or through a tiny incision above the eye, in order to remove the brain tumor. The endoscope is a special lighted instrument that sends images back to a computer for the surgeon to view internal structures and use tiny instruments to remove the tumor. Your healthcare team will discuss all options with you prior to surgery.

• #9 Brain Tumor Treatment

  https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/thera-brain

  Doctors use a variety of therapies to treat brain tumors. Treatment depends on tumor size, type, growth rate, brain location, and your general health. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted biological agents, or a combination thereof. Surgery (if safe) is generally the first treatment recommendation. This will rapidly reduce pressure in the brain. This website focuses on radiation therapy for brain tumors. […] If your tumor is radiosensitive, your doctor may prescribe radiation therapy. Conventional radiation therapy aims external beams of x-rays, gamma rays or protons at the tumor to kill cancer cells and shrink brain tumors. Patients usually receive treatment over a period of several weeks. Your doctor may use whole brain radiation therapy if you have multiple tumors or tumors that cannot be easily targeted.

• #9 Brain Tumor Treatment

  https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/thera-brain

  Doctors often prescribe surgery for primary brain tumors. A surgeon removes all or part of the tumor without causing severe damage to surrounding tissues. Surgery may also reduce pressure within the skull (called intracranial pressure) and ease symptoms when the tumor cannot be removed. […] Your treatment may use oral or intravenous (IV) chemotherapy. Combined chemotherapy and radiation (concurrent therapy) has become the standard of care for primary malignant brain tumors. Chemotherapy may slow down or kill rapidly dividing cancer cells. Doctors may use it before, during, or after surgery and/or radiotherapy to help destroy tumor cells and prevent them from returning. Your doctor may also prescribe radiosensitizers. These drugs may make radiation therapy more effective.

• #10

  https://braintumourresearch.org/blogs/types-of-brain-tumour/radiotherapy-for-brain-tumours?srsltid=AfmBOorsYWdMVO1QbaGZXxAhAtUNpaYB7h7q6VNjoSbaBJQjhCAyzoxk

  Radiotherapy can cure some types of small, benign or very slow-growing (low-grade) brain tumours. […] Radiotherapy is used: Instead of surgery when an operation is not possible. […] After surgery in order to kill as many cancerous cells as possible, which may not have been able to be removed during the operation. […] Yes, radiotherapy is usually successful at shrinking brain tumours. This is one of the main aims of the treatment because by shrinking the tumour, the pressure inside the skull is reduced and hence symptoms may improve. […] Sometimes, chemotherapy drugs are given either before, at the same time or after radiotherapy in order to enhance the chances of radiotherapy being successful. […] The advantage of this treatment is that is can be more closely targeted at a brain tumour than standard radiotherapy and surrounding healthy tissue can be spared, hence reducing the side effects of the treatment.

• #11 Brain tumours

  https://www.cancervic.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/brain_tumour/treatment_for_brain_spinal_cor.html

  Treatments offered for a brain or spinal cord tumour will depend on: […] For a benign tumour, surgery may be the only treatment. […] Medicines, such as steroids or anticonvulsants, may reduce symptoms or manage seizures. […] A needle biopsy is still often possible and can help to guide treatment options. Your doctor will talk to you about what treatments you can have and ways to manage symptoms. […] Radiation therapy uses a controlled dose of radiation to kill or damage tumour cells in the area being treated. […] For gliomas, radiation therapy is usually given after surgery, and sometimes with chemotherapy (chemoradiation). […] Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a specialised type of radiation therapy, not a type of surgery, and no cuts are made in the skull. […] A stereotactic radiosurgery machine may also be used to deliver a longer course of radiation, particularly for benign brain tumours.

• #11 Brain tumours

  https://www.cancervic.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/brain_tumour/treatment_for_brain_spinal_cor.html

  Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells. […] You may have chemotherapy after surgery or radiation therapy, or at the same time as radiation therapy (chemoradiation). […] Targeted therapy is a drug therapy that targets specific features of cancer cells to stop the cancer growing or spreading. […] A range of new targeted therapy drugs are being developed to match the molecular profile of each persons cancer cells. […] Palliative treatment helps to improve quality of life by managing the symptoms when a brain tumour is no longer curable.

• #12 Brain Tumors – CyberKnife

  https://cyberknife.com/brain-tumors/

  When it comes to the delicate and complex tissues and structures of the brain, precision matters. The CyberKnife System gives you a proven, non-surgical option for treating your brain tumor that may help minimize to minimize the risk of potential side effects that can impact short- and long-term quality of life. Delivering stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatments with unrivaled, sub-millimeter accuracy, the CyberKnife provides excellent clinical outcomes in treating a wide range of brain tumors — in fewer visits. […] Non-surgical and non-invasive […] Treatments may be completed in as little as 1-5 sessions within 1-2 weeks […] CyberKnife radiosurgery is even used to treat complicated neurosurgical cases, while maximally sparing healthy brain tissues involved in important functions such as motor control, touching, hearing and vision.

• #13 Benign adult brain tumors: an evidence-based medicine review – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17033148/

  Benign adult brain tumors can be managed conservatively or using surgery, radiation, or medicines. […] The safety of meningioma surgery in the elderly varies with institution, radiosurgery is a reliable alternative to surgery in small to medium-sized meningiomas, and the efficacy of drugs in therapy of meningiomas recurring after surgery is difficult to interpret due to a lack of uniform criteria in the studies. […] Radiosurgery is effective in nonfunctional pituitary adenomas recurring after surgery, while phototherapy is a newer treatment modality with potential benefits in pituitary adenomas that fail surgery or radiation. […] Vestibular schwannomas can be conservatively managed, but there are no reliable predictors of growth, so serial imaging is important. […] Radiosurgery has proven to be a reliable alternative to surgery for small to medium-sized vestibular schwannomas, but followup has been relatively short in most studies to date. […] While randomized clinical trials comparing conservative management, surgery, radiation, and medical management of benign adult benign tumors are unlikely to occur, there is some level 3 evidence that can assist in their treatment.

• #14 7 Innovative Brain Tumor Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/brain-tumor/brain-tumor-treatment.html

  Surgery usually is the first treatment for brain tumors. Even when complete removal is not possible surgery may be able to: […] Help reduce the tumors size […] Relieve symptoms […] Help doctors decide what other treatments are needed. […] Radiation therapy may be able to stop or slow the growth of brain tumors that cannot be removed with surgery. It may be used: […] Alone […] With chemotherapy to help the radiation work better or lessen effect on normal parts of the brain […] With targeted therapies to destroy remaining cancer cells. […] New radiation therapy techniques and remarkable skill allow MD Anderson doctors to target brain tumors more precisely, delivering the maximum amount of radiation with the least damage to healthy cells. […] MD Anderson uses the most advanced radiation treatment methods, including: […] Gamma Knife radiosurgery, which is not really surgery. It delivers a pinpoint dose of radiation from hundreds of angles. […] Focused radiation therapy, which is aimed directly at the tumor and immediately surrounding area […] Whole-brain radiation therapy, which may be needed if you have two or more brain tumors in different locations […] Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), which shapes the radiation beam to the shape of the brain tumor and lessens exposure to the rest of the brain […] Proton therapy.

• #15 Benign brain tumour treatment | The London Clinic

  https://www.thelondonclinic.co.uk/services/treatments/benign-brain-tumour-treatment

  One of the most advanced radiosurgery techniques is done with a CyberKnife. This is a state of the art system of stereotactic radiosurgery for both malignant and benign brain tumours. […] CyberKnife radiosurgery uses a complex image guidance system to precisely focus the beam of radiation onto the site of benign brain tumours, creating a beam as narrow as 5 mm or as wide as 60 mm. CyberKnife radiosurgery is accurate to within half a centimetre, ensuring that the radiation destroys the benign brain tumour cells without damaging the surrounding cells.

• #16 Brain tumor – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_tumor

  Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy are integral parts of the therapeutic standard for malignant tumors. […] The goal of radiation therapy is to kill tumor cells while leaving normal brain tissue unharmed. […] In standard external beam radiation therapy, multiple treatments of standard-dose „fractions” of radiation are applied to the brain. […] Radiosurgery is a treatment method that uses computerized calculations to focus radiation at the site of the tumor while minimizing the radiation dose to the surrounding brain. […] Chemotherapy may improve overall survival in patients with the most malignant primary brain tumors, it does so in only about 20 percent of patients. […] A shunt may be used to relieve symptoms caused by intracranial pressure, by reducing the build-up of fluid (hydrocephalus) caused by the blockage of the free flow of cerebrospinal fluid. […] Cerebral edema secondary to brain tumors is managed by corticosteroids.

• #17 Benign Brain Tumors in Adults » Radiation Oncology » College of Medicine » University of Florida

  https://radonc.med.ufl.edu/patient-care/information-for-patients/sites-of-treatment/brain-tumors-and-other-tumors-of-the-central-nervous-system/benign-brain-tumors-in-adults/

  Many benign brain tumors occur in adults. […] Because of their benign histologic nature there is sometimes a tendency to undertreat them because of the fear of long-time side-effects, particularly the effects of radiation therapy. […] For tumors in more critical areas, or if documented progression takes place, surgery is a very successful treatment if a complete resection can be performed; in this case, the patient needs no further treatment. […] It has been shown that these patients benefit from radiation therapy, either radiosurgery or more conventional, fractionated radiation therapy. […] Many lesions, however, particularly those in the base of the brain or around the optic nerves, are not resectable without major risks. […] Because these tumors are benign, very focal irradiation is appropriate; as in meningiomas, modern techniques that spare normal tissue are optimal. […] Treatment is preferably radiosurgery, although surgery may be preferred for schwannomas larger than 3 cm. […] Fractionated radiation therapy has also been used.

• #18 What are non-surgical options for brain tumors? – Brainlab.org

  https://www.brainlab.org/get-educated/brain-tumors/explore-brain-tumor-treatment/what-are-non-surgical-options-for-brain-tumors/

  While brain surgery is the most common treatment for brain tumors, there are other options for treatment: […] Steroids given to a patient for use before, during or after surgery are called corticosteroids, and can help to reduce brain swelling and the buildup of fluids around a tumor. […] Chemotherapy may be used to treat the tumor, but is more known for treating malignant or higher-grade tumors. […] Radiation is a common cancer treatment for brain tumors. High doses of radiation are administered to the tumor to stop or slow its growth. […] Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) is similar to radiation, however, radiation cannot tell the difference between tumor cells and healthy cells. […] Proton Therapy uses hydrogen nuclei or protons that are accelerated by a cyclotron and directed at the tumor through beam shaping blocks.

• #19 Brain Cancer Treatment | Proton Therapy for Brain Tumors

  https://www.floridaproton.org/cancers-treated/brain-cancer

  While some brain tumors, particularly benign tumors, may be treated with surgery alone, most tumors are not cured with surgery alone and require a combined approach of surgery to remove as much tumor as can be safely achieved, followed by radiation therapy to eradicate the remaining cancer cells. […] When radiation is indicated, proton therapy can be an effective treatment with fewer side effects. […] In cases where radiation is indicated to treat a brain tumor, proton therapy may often be the ideal treatment option. […] Because high doses of radiation can damage normal tissue, image-based radiation planning is used to deliver high doses of proton radiation to the tumor with the lowest possible dose to the nearby normal tissues. […] With proton therapy, highly precise beams of protons eliminate the exit doses characteristic of traditional radiation treatments, so the protons target only the site of the brain tumor, sparing other parts of the brain.

• #20 7 Innovative Brain Tumor Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/brain-tumor/brain-tumor-treatment.html

  Proton therapy delivers high radiation doses directly to the brain tumor site, with no damage to nearby healthy tissue. It may be used to treat tumors in very sensitive areas, including in the skull base and along the spine. […] Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is performed by implanting a laser catheter into the tumor and heating it to temperatures high enough to kill the tumor. […] The treatment is minimally invasive, often requiring little more than a 2-millimeter incision in the scalp, and takes just a few minutes to perform. Most patients can go home the day after treatment and can quickly return to normal activities. […] LITT is currently being used to treat patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors, but can also help patients who do not respond to stereotactic radiosurgery or have radiation necrosis (tissue death caused by radiation treatment).

• #21 Brain tumours – how common, symptoms, treatment and causes | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/brain-cancer

  A brain tumour is a lump of abnormal cells growing in your brain. […] Treatment may include surgery, radiation or medicines aiming to either remove the tumour completely, slow its growth or relieve symptoms. […] If you are diagnosed with a brain tumour, your doctor will discuss your treatment options with you. Depending on the type of tumour you have, treatment might aim to remove the tumour completely, slow its growth or relieve symptoms by shrinking the tumour. […] The main treatments for brain tumours are: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, medicines to control symptoms. […] Surgery for brain tumours aims to remove as much of the tumour as possible, ideally the entire tumour, while minimising damage to healthy parts of the brain. […] Radiotherapy (radiation therapy) involves treatment with x-rays to destroy the brain cancer or slow its growth.

• #22 Meningioma: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17858-meningioma

  Palliative care focuses on improving how you feel during treatment by managing symptoms and supporting you and your family. […] Chemotherapy is one of several cancer treatments that use drugs against various types of cancer. Although the use of chemotherapy is rare in treating meningiomas, healthcare providers generally recommend chemotherapy for people who develop recurrent or progressive meningiomas that no longer respond to surgery or radiation therapy.

• #23 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Treating-Brain-Tumors.aspx

  Surgery is often used to remove benign brain tumors, and they do not often grow back once they have been removed. […] Radiotherapy or chemotherapy can be used even if the tumor is not cancerous, for instance in cases where the brain tumor cannot be fully removed through surgery. The growth rate of the abnormal cells can be controlled through the use of radio- and chemotherapy. […] Surgery can also be used to give chemotherapy directly to the tumor site through implants in the brain. The implants are placed where the tumor has been removed, and they gradually release medication over several weeks. […] Radiotherapy can be used before or after surgery to apply radiation to cancerous cells through an external machine. It can be used to make other treatments (like chemotherapy and surgery) more effective. […] Chemotherapy stops cancerous cells from growing and spreading. It can cure tumors completely, make other treatments more effective (like radiotherapy and surgery), reduce the chances of the tumor returning, or work as a palliative measure to relieve symptoms.

• #24 What Are Brain Tumours And Why Do We Need More Research?

  https://www.worldwidecancerresearch.org/information-and-impact/cancer-myths-and-questions/what-are-brain-tumours-and-why-do-we-need-more-research/

  Brain tumours can sometimes be called benign (non-cancerous), or malignant, which can mean they are cancerous. Benign brain tumours grow very slowly and are usually easier to treat and less likely to spread or come back after treatment. […] Very low-grade tumours can sometimes be treated with surgery alone. Higher-grade tumours require a mix of surgery, and chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. […] Carmustine implants are also a new type of specialised chemotherapy treatment that can sometimes be used to treat glioblastoma multiforme in adults. With this form of chemotherapy, a dissolvable implant which contains the anticancer drug is placed onto the tumour during surgery. […] Doctors might also try other forms of treatment if the cancer has spread to the brain from elsewhere in the body. These might include targeted therapies, which exploit specific faults in the tumour cells to kill them, or immunotherapies, which help our immune system more effectively target the tumour. Use of these treatments very much depends on the type and location of the original (primary) cancer.

• #25 7 Innovative Brain Tumor Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/brain-tumor/brain-tumor-treatment.html

  MD Anderson offers the most up-to-date and advanced chemotherapy options for brain tumors. These drugs may be taken orally or by injection. They may be given alone or with other treatments. […] Chemotherapy often is not as effective for brain cancer as some other types of cancer. This is because of the blood-brain barrier, small blood vessels in the brain and spinal cord that protect the brain from harmful substances. They also may act as a shield against chemotherapy drugs. […] These new drugs target the specific gene changes that cause cancer. MD Anderson is at the forefront of discovering these agents. Many of our brain tumor clinical trials include analysis of the molecular profiles of patients’ tumors. […] Brain tumors are treated in our Brain and Spine Center and our Proton Therapy Center. […] MD Anderson patients have access to clinical trials offering promising new treatments that cannot be found anywhere else.

• #26 Brain and Spine Tumors: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/cancer/types-treatments/brain-tumors/treatment

  Our team of neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, radiation oncologists, neuropathologists and other specialists will meet to discuss your case and suggest the most effective options to manage your tumor. These may include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. […] Surgery is typically an important part of your brain and spine tumor treatment. […] Minimally invasive neurosurgery is associated with shorter recovery times and fewer complications than traditional surgery. […] For non-cancerous brain and spine tumors, radiation therapy may also be used to slow or halt growth or to treat recurring tumors. […] Chemotherapy is a type of treatment in which medication is delivered through your bloodstream to destroy and prevent the growth, spread or recurrence of cancer. […] Targeted therapy uses medicine to either target cells that help brain and spine tumors grow. […] Immunotherapy is an innovative medical treatment that harnesses the power of a patients own immune system against disease.

• #27 Neurosurgeon’s goal: Finding a meningioma treatment that doesn’t require surgery | MUSC Hollings Cancer Center

  https://hollingscancercenter.musc.edu/news/archive/2024/03/26/neurosurgeons-goal-finding-a-meningioma-treatment-that-doesnt-require-surgery

  Immunotherapy refers to treatments that shut down or block these signals, unmasking the cancer, or that re-engineer immune cells to boost their effectiveness. […] The main idea is to figure out exactly what methods the brain tumor cells use to avoid detection by our bodys normal immune system and to hopefully develop clinical trials to reverse that, he said. […] Unlike medications for tumors within the brain, which must be engineered so that they can cross the blood-brain barrier, any medications for meningioma wouldnt need to cross this barrier and could be more easily delivered.

• #27 Neurosurgeon’s goal: Finding a meningioma treatment that doesn’t require surgery | MUSC Hollings Cancer Center

  https://hollingscancercenter.musc.edu/news/archive/2024/03/26/neurosurgeons-goal-finding-a-meningioma-treatment-that-doesnt-require-surgery

  Ben Strickland, M.D., specializes in operating on skull base tumors but would like to find a non-surgical option for his patients. […] His approach mainly focuses on understanding the tumor immune microenvironment with emphasis on how the tumor is able to avoid immune cell detection and clearance. […] There are no medical or chemotherapy treatments for meningioma. […] There arent any chemotherapy or targeted therapy options for meningioma, and few labs are studying this tumor, Strickland said. […] Surgery is a prime treatment for this tumor, but it comes with risks this is, after all, brain surgery. […] For that reason, Strickland seeks an immunotherapy treatment that could target meningioma, whether benign or high-grade. […] If we could live in a world where we had targeted therapy for these tumors to empower the immune system so it could recognize the tumor, and we could avoid surgery altogether, thats even better, he said.

• #28 Brain Tumor: Symptoms, Signs & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6149-brain-cancer-brain-tumor

  Other treatments that help with symptoms caused by brain tumors include: […] Drugs such as mannitol and corticosteroids: These medications can help reduce pressure within your skull. They reduce swelling around the tumor. […] Palliative care: This is a specialized form of care that provides symptom relief, comfort and support to people living with serious illnesses. It also provides support to caregivers and those impacted by a loved one’s condition.

• #28 Brain Tumor: Symptoms, Signs & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6149-brain-cancer-brain-tumor

  Benign (noncancerous) brain tumors can usually be successfully removed with surgery and don’t usually grow back. It often depends on if your neurosurgeon can safely remove all of the tumor. […] Healthcare providers often use a combination of therapies to treat a tumor. Your treatment options might include: […] Brain surgery (craniotomy): When possible, neurosurgeons remove the tumor. They work very carefully, sometimes performing surgery when you’re awake (you won’t feel pain), to minimize damage to functional areas of your brain. […] Radiation therapy: High doses of X-rays destroy brain tumor cells or shrink the tumor in this type of treatment. […] Watchful waiting/active surveillance: If you have a brain tumor that’s very small and isn’t causing symptoms, your healthcare provider may recommend closely monitoring the tumor for signs of growth with regular testing.

• #29

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/braintumour,benign/

  Conventional chemotherapy is occasionally used to shrink non-cancerous brain tumours or kill any cells left behind after surgery. […] Radiotherapy involves using controlled doses of high-energy radiation, usually X-rays, to kill the tumour cells. […] You may also be given medication to help treat some of your symptoms before or after surgery, including anticonvulsants to prevent epileptic fits (seziures), steroids to reduce swelling around the tumour, which can relieve some of your symptoms and make surgery easier, painkillers to treat headaches, and anti-emetics to prevent vomiting.

• #29

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/braintumour,benign/

  Benign (non-cancerous) brain tumours can usually be successfully removed with surgery and do not usually grow back. […] If there’s some left, it can either be monitored with scans or treated with radiotherapy. […] Rarely, some slow-growing non-cancerous tumours grow back after treatment and can change into malignant brain tumour (brain cancer) which are fast-growing and likely to spread. […] You’ll usually have follow-up appointments after finishing your treatment to monitor your condition and look for signs of the tumour recurring. […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-cancerous brain tumours. The aim is to remove as much of the tumour as safely as possible, without damaging the surrounding brain tissue. […] If it is not possible to remove the entire tumour, you may need further treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

• #30 Brain Tumors in Children: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment at Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/brain-tumors

  A benign tumor does not contain cancer cells and usually, once removed, does not recur. […] Treatment may include (alone or in combination): […] Surgery is usually the first step in the treatment of brain tumors. The goal is to remove as much of the tumor as possible while maintaining neurological function. […] Chemotherapy […] Radiation therapy […] Steroids (to treat and prevent swelling especially in the brain) […] Anti-seizure medication (to treat and prevent seizures associated with intracranial pressure) […] Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (Also called a VP shunt.). A VP shunt may be placed in the head to drain excess fluid from inside the brain to the abdomen. A VP shunt helps control the pressure inside the brain. […] Supportive care (for the side effects of the tumor or treatment) […] Rehabilitation (to regain lost motor skills and muscle strength; speech, physical, and occupational therapists may be involved in the healthcare team) […] Continuous follow-up care (to manage disease, detect recurrence of the tumor and to manage late effects of treatment)

• #31 Brain Tumor Treatment | VMFH

  https://www.vmfh.org/our-services/cancer-care/cancers-we-treat/brain-cancer-diagnosis-treatment

  This is a new technology that allows for intraoperative radiation treatment. […] Treatment for a brain tumor is determined based on the type, size and location of the tumor, as well as the patient’s overall health. […] Surgery is frequently performed to remove all or as much of the tumor as possible. […] Advances in radiation therapy, chemotherapy and medications can also contribute to effective treatment and the control of symptoms. […] We treat any and all types of brain and spine tumors and cancers, including metastatic disease. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams aimed at the tumor site to kill cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy traditionally refers to drugs that damage the ability of cells to divide, usually by damaging their DNA. […] Targeted therapy refers to drugs that are designed to specifically block a target signal in the cell. […] Immunotherapy refers to drugs that are designed to unblock the immune system from attacking the tumor. […] Tumor treating fields are a device worn on the head that consists of four pads placed on the scalp. […] The device works by making it difficult for tumor cells to divide properly.

• #32 Brain Tumor Treatment

  https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/thera-brain

• #33 Benign Brain Tumor FAQs | UVA Health

  https://uvahealth.com/services/benign-brain-tumor/faqs

  A benign brain tumor is a non-cancerous mass of slow-growing cells in and around the brain. The good news: These tumors usually dont spread to other parts of the body. And most of the time, theyre curable. […] Maybe not. For some people, the best option is wait and watch to keep an eye on the tumors growth. Some people find out they have a benign brain tumor when undergoing imaging tests for another problem, such as a head injury. […] Most benign brain tumors can be cured with surgery. But some are in hard-to-reach areas. Or they may be intertwined with nerves, blood vessels, and other healthy tissue.

• #34 Brain Tumor Facts

  https://braintumor.org/brain-tumors/about-brain-tumors/brain-tumor-facts/

  Approximately 72% of all brain tumors are benign […] For patients with non-malignant brain tumors, the average five-year relative survival rate is 91.8% […] The most common primary non-malignant brain tumor, meningioma, has an average five-year survival of 88.2% after diagnosis […] For adults ages 20+ years, age-specific incidence rates for primary brain tumors are highest among those age 85+ […] The five-year relative survival rate for those ages 40+ years is 21% for malignant tumors and 90.3% for non-malignant tumors […] For many tumor types, surgery and radiation remain the standard of care, and national guidelines suggest that clinical trials remain the best place to care for patients […] Only a few treatments have ever been approved for the more than 100 types of brain tumors. None of these extend survival more than two years on average, or are considered to be curative.

• #35 If a Brain Tumor is Not Cancerous, Why Do Anything About It? | Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center – Buffalo, NY

  https://www.roswellpark.org/cancertalk/201805/if-brain-tumor-not-cancerous-why-do-anything-about-it

  Also, as a patient, it’s important that you have exposure to a range of treatment options. These include surgery, radiation therapy and, in some cases, chemotherapy all things that are offered at a comprehensive cancer center like Roswell Park. […] Most patients see an improvement in their symptoms shortly after treatment of their benign tumors. „The vast majority of people who have their brain tumors removed function better after treatment than before,” says Dr. Fenstermaker. „There are risks to vital neurologic functions that can’t be reduced to zero, but the modern treatment of brain tumors is a great advance, and it greatly benefits most patients.”

• #36 Benign Brain Tumors- Identificaiton, Types, Treatment – Colorado Springs Neurological Associates

  https://www.csneuro.com/benign-brain-tumors/

  A benign brain tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue in which cells grow and multiply. A benign brain tumor isn’t cancerous, meaning that it won’t spread to other parts of the body and typically doesn’t invade nearby tissue. […] Treatment for benign brain tumor typically involves a neurosurgeon removing the tumor and radiation therapy. However, treatment plans are unique to the patient, their age, and the size and location of the tumor. […] Brain tumors, whether benign or malignant, are usually treated with surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy;, alone or in various combinations. […] Treatment decisions are always made on a case-by-case basis and depend on a number of factors. There are risks and side effects associated with each type of therapy. […] Our fellowship-trained and board-certified physicians look forward to working alongside you and your family to develop a customized treatment plan. […] At Colorado Spring Neurological Associates, we offer a wide range of treatment options and procedures to ensure patients have agency in the decision-making process.

• #37 Types of Brain Tumors & Treatment Options | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/neurosurgery/services/brain-tumors

  Mount Sinai offers state-of-the-art, comprehensive treatment of all types of brain tumors. We take an interdisciplinary approach, working with team members from the departments of neurosurgery, neurology, radiation oncology, and rehabilitation medicine to ensure the highest quality care. We strive to improve your quality of life and extend your survival rate. […] Our program gives you access to doctors and staff from many different departments, from initial diagnosis through treatment and follow-up. We work together with these departments and services: […] Neuro-oncology is the department that specializes in both neurology and cancer (oncology). These doctors are responsible for the evaluation and management of patients with brain tumors and the neurological complications of cancer. They use chemotherapy, biological response modifiers and immunotherapy, as well as novel drugs to treat brain tumor patients.

• #38 What women need to know about common benign brain tumors | Brain | Women’s Health | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/benign-brain-tumor/

  If a benign tumor is in a part of the brain that is surgically inaccessible, we can treat it with focused radiation, such as Gamma Knife or CyberKnife. Similarly, if removing the tumor would do more harm than leaving it in, we might remove part of it and treat the remainder with radiation. […] Women who are diagnosed with benign brain tumors should discuss all of their options with a doctor before deciding on treatment. While today’s surgical techniques offer minimal incisions and quick recovery, not all patients will need surgery. However, all women with benign brain tumors require care from a neurosurgeon with specific expertise in these conditions.

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