Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Brain Tumor Facts

  https://braintumor.org/brain-tumors/about-brain-tumors/brain-tumor-facts/

  Approximately 72% of all brain tumors are benign. […] An estimated 67,440 will be non-malignant (benign) in 2023. […] Non-malignant meningiomas are the most commonly occurring primary non-malignant brain tumors, accounting for 39.7% of all tumors and 55.4% of all non-malignant tumors. […] For patients with non-malignant brain tumors, the average five-year relative survival rate is 91.8%. […] The most common primary non-malignant brain tumor, meningioma, has an average five-year survival of 88.2% after diagnosis. […] The five-year relative survival rate for adults diagnosed with a primary brain tumor is 72.5%. […] The five-year relative survival rate for those ages 40+ years is 90.3% for non-malignant tumors. […] Non-malignant primary brain tumors occur more often in females (64.4%) than in males (35.6%).

• #2 Brain Tumor Facts

  https://braintumor.org/brain-tumors/about-brain-tumors/brain-tumor-facts/

  Approximately 72% of all brain tumors are benign. […] An estimated 67,440 will be non-malignant (benign) in 2023. […] Non-malignant meningiomas are the most commonly occurring primary non-malignant brain tumors, accounting for 39.7% of all tumors and 55.4% of all non-malignant tumors. […] For patients with non-malignant brain tumors, the average five-year relative survival rate is 91.8%. […] The most common primary non-malignant brain tumor, meningioma, has an average five-year survival of 88.2% after diagnosis. […] The five-year relative survival rate for adults diagnosed with a primary brain tumor is 72.5%. […] The five-year relative survival rate for those ages 40+ years is 90.3% for non-malignant tumors. […] Non-malignant primary brain tumors occur more often in females (64.4%) than in males (35.6%).

• #3 Benign is Not “Fine”: Common Misconceptions About Noncancerous Brain Tumors

  https://braintumor.org/news/benign-is-not-fine-common-misconceptions-about-noncancerous-brain-tumors/

  Each year, more than 67,000 Americans will be diagnosed with a benign (non-malignant) brain tumor. […] A benign brain tumor involves abnormal growths in the brain that can disrupt essential functions. These tumors can press on critical areas, causing debilitating symptoms, long-term complications, and a significant decline in quality of life. […] A common concern among those in the brain tumor community is that the general public does not understand the long-term ramifications of a benign brain tumor. […] Just because it was benign doesn’t mean it wasn’t bad, said Lisa G., who had subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. […] For many patients, managing a benign brain tumor involves treatment, which may include surgery, radiation, and/or medication. […] For many with non-malignant brain tumors, a craniotomy is scheduled to remove as much of the tumor as possible.

• #4 CBTRUS Fact Sheet 2024 – CBTRUS

  https://cbtrus.org/cbtrus-fact-sheet/

  The incidence rate of all primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors in the United States was 25.34 cases per 100,000 population, for a total count of 467,894 incident tumors; (6.89 per 100,000 for malignant tumors [126,807 cases] and 18.46 per 100,000 for non-malignant tumors [341,087 cases]). […] The rate was higher in females (28.77 per 100,000) than males (21.78 per 100,000). […] The incidence rate of childhood primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors in the United States was 5.61 cases per 100,000 population, for a total 5-year count of 16,905 cases with an annual average of 3,381. […] The incidence rate of adolescent primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors in the United States was 7.26 cases per 100,000 population for a total 5-year count of 7,871 cases with an annual average of 1,574.

• #5 CBTRUS Fact Sheet 2024 – CBTRUS

  https://cbtrus.org/cbtrus-fact-sheet/

  The incidence rate of all primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors in the United States was 25.34 cases per 100,000 population, for a total count of 467,894 incident tumors; (6.89 per 100,000 for malignant tumors [126,807 cases] and 18.46 per 100,000 for non-malignant tumors [341,087 cases]). […] The rate was higher in females (28.77 per 100,000) than males (21.78 per 100,000). […] The incidence rate of childhood primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors in the United States was 5.61 cases per 100,000 population, for a total 5-year count of 16,905 cases with an annual average of 3,381. […] The incidence rate of adolescent primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors in the United States was 7.26 cases per 100,000 population for a total 5-year count of 7,871 cases with an annual average of 1,574.

• #6 CBTRUS Fact Sheet 2024 – CBTRUS

  https://cbtrus.org/cbtrus-fact-sheet/

  The incidence rate of AYA primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors in the US was 12.07 cases per 100,000 population for a total 5-year total of 65,399 cases. […] The incidence rate of adult primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors in the United States was 46.14 cases per 100,000 population for a five-year total of 385,590 cases. […] The rate was higher for non-malignant tumors (34.55 per 100,000), for a total of 286,883, when compared to malignant tumors (11.59 per 100,000), for a total of 98,707. […] The five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis with a primary non-malignant brain or other CNS tumor (including lymphomas and leukemias, tumors of the pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity) was 92.0% in the United States (2004-2020). […] Non-malignant brain tumors only had significant increases in incidence from 2004-2009 and from 2009-2021. […] Meningioma had the highest overall prevalence (1/3 of all brain tumors) with 491,509 cases as of December 31, 2019, the majority of which were non-malignant (488,359 or 99%).

• #6 Brain Tumor Facts

  https://braintumor.org/brain-tumors/about-brain-tumors/brain-tumor-facts/

  Approximately 72% of all brain tumors are benign. […] An estimated 67,440 will be non-malignant (benign) in 2023. […] Non-malignant meningiomas are the most commonly occurring primary non-malignant brain tumors, accounting for 39.7% of all tumors and 55.4% of all non-malignant tumors. […] For patients with non-malignant brain tumors, the average five-year relative survival rate is 91.8%. […] The most common primary non-malignant brain tumor, meningioma, has an average five-year survival of 88.2% after diagnosis. […] The five-year relative survival rate for adults diagnosed with a primary brain tumor is 72.5%. […] The five-year relative survival rate for those ages 40+ years is 90.3% for non-malignant tumors. […] Non-malignant primary brain tumors occur more often in females (64.4%) than in males (35.6%).

• #7

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11060-020-03595-5

  There is large variability in reported incidence rates of primary brain/CNS tumors across the world, with mostly higher rates in higher-income countries. The aim was to compare malignant and benign brain/CNS tumor incidence between Zurich (Switzerland), a high-income country, and Georgia, a lower middle-income country. […] Age-adjusted incidence rates of brain/CNS tumors were considerably higher in Zurich compared to Georgia, both for benign and malignant tumors, which is in line with other studies reporting higher rates in high-income than in low- and middle-income countries. […] Primary benign and borderline brain/CNS tumors rarely invade adjacent tissue and do not metastasize to other parts of the body as the more aggressive malignant brain/CNS tumors do. This is one of the reasons why most cancer registries only collect information on malignant brain/CNS tumors. Still, benign brain/CNS tumors can cause serious health problems, mainly because of the anatomical location, which can cause damage by growing into and putting pressure on other parts of the brain, and therefore can be as deadly as malignant tumors.

• #8

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11060-020-03595-5

  There is large variability in reported incidence rates of primary brain/CNS tumors across the world, with mostly higher rates in higher-income countries. The aim was to compare malignant and benign brain/CNS tumor incidence between Zurich (Switzerland), a high-income country, and Georgia, a lower middle-income country. […] Age-adjusted incidence rates of brain/CNS tumors were considerably higher in Zurich compared to Georgia, both for benign and malignant tumors, which is in line with other studies reporting higher rates in high-income than in low- and middle-income countries. […] Primary benign and borderline brain/CNS tumors rarely invade adjacent tissue and do not metastasize to other parts of the body as the more aggressive malignant brain/CNS tumors do. This is one of the reasons why most cancer registries only collect information on malignant brain/CNS tumors. Still, benign brain/CNS tumors can cause serious health problems, mainly because of the anatomical location, which can cause damage by growing into and putting pressure on other parts of the brain, and therefore can be as deadly as malignant tumors.

• #9 Incidence rates of the primary brain tumours in Georgia – a population-based study | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2377-14-29

  The dominance of non-malignant over malignant tumours was observed in both years. […] The most frequent tumours by reported histology after excluding unclassified tumours were non-malignant meningiomas (n=254, 43.7%), followed by tumours of sellar region (n=130, 22.4%). […] The overall ASR was higher among females (10.35 versus 9.48 per 100,000 person-years) than males, but the difference was not statistically significant. Standardized incidence rates for non-malignant tumours were 1.5 times higher in females as compared to males (3.59 vs 2.36; SRR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.19; 1.93), whereas for malignant tumours ASRs were 1.3 time higher in males than in females (1.92 vs 1.46 respectively; SRR=1.32, 95% CI: 0.95; 1.82).

• #10 Epidemiology of Brain and Other CNS Tumors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8613072/

  Brain and other CNS tumors, while rare, cause significant morbidity and mortality across all ages. This article summarizes the current state of the knowledge on the epidemiology of brain and other CNS tumors. […] For childhood and adolescent brain and other CNS tumors, high birth weight, non-chromosomal structural birth defects and higher socioeconomic position were shown to be risk factors. […] In children and adolescents, the majority of brain and other CNS tumors are malignant tumors (age-adjusted incidence of 3.55 per 100,000) while non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors are less common in this age group (age-adjusted incidence 2.60 per 100,000). […] There are two primary risk factors for brain and other CNS tumors in children, adolescents and adults that have been well validated: single gene inherited disorders (~4% of childhood cases) and ionizing radiation.

• #11 Epidemiology of Brain and Other CNS Tumors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8613072/

  Some of the newest environmental risk factors to be studied in relation to risk for childhood and adolescent brain and other CNS tumors are birth weight and non-chromosomal structural birth defects. […] Non-chromosomal structural birth defects are a strong and consistent risk factor for childhood cancers in general; these findings were most pronounced in young children, aged 5 years or younger with cancer. […] Brain and other CNS tumors are the 8th most common cancer in adults 40+. […] The majority of brain and other CNS tumors diagnosed in adults 20+ years old are non-malignant tumors (age-adjusted incidence of 22.38 per 100,000) while malignant brain and other CNS tumors are less common in this age group (age-adjusted incidence 8.5 per 100,000). […] Numerous environmental exposures have been evaluated as potential risk factors for brain and other CNS tumors in adults, but the only consistent risk factor that has been identified is exposure to high-dose ionizing radiation.

• #12 Brain Tumor Facts

  https://braintumor.org/brain-tumors/about-brain-tumors/brain-tumor-facts/

  Approximately 72% of all brain tumors are benign. […] An estimated 67,440 will be non-malignant (benign) in 2023. […] Non-malignant meningiomas are the most commonly occurring primary non-malignant brain tumors, accounting for 39.7% of all tumors and 55.4% of all non-malignant tumors. […] For patients with non-malignant brain tumors, the average five-year relative survival rate is 91.8%. […] The most common primary non-malignant brain tumor, meningioma, has an average five-year survival of 88.2% after diagnosis. […] The five-year relative survival rate for adults diagnosed with a primary brain tumor is 72.5%. […] The five-year relative survival rate for those ages 40+ years is 90.3% for non-malignant tumors. […] Non-malignant primary brain tumors occur more often in females (64.4%) than in males (35.6%).

• #13

  https://braintumourresearch.org/pages/types-of-brain-tumours-meningioma?srsltid=AfmBOoq9RRLtEOvid0s_GxBw6_3HFeCmgknfsHkedH2Uejg7wovRNtin

  Meningioma is the most common form of adult primary brain tumour, that develops in the meninges the membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Meningiomas account for approximately 30-37% of all adult central nervous system tumours. Most are low-grade (non-cancerous) primary brain tumours. […] The incidence of meningioma increases with age and there is a notable increase after the age of 65. […] Meningioma are nearly twice as common in females than in males, rising to being three times more common in females between the ages of 35 and 54 years. […] Approximately 80-90% meningiomas are grade 1 and slow-growing, but some are more aggressive, which is why medical teams ideally want to take a biopsy (a small sample taking during a surgical operation) of each tumour. […] Grade 1 is the least aggressive and slowest growing form of meningioma, therefore carrying the longest prognosis. This form may never grow back after a successful surgical operation that is able to remove all, or most, of the tumour. Some meningioma may never grow any bigger and will not need to be treated at all, so the first line of response from your medical team may be to simply keep the tumour under close surveillance (for example by offering you a scan every 6 or 12 months), but not to treat until it poses a threat due to its size, position or a worsening of your symptoms.

• #14

  https://braintumourresearch.org/pages/types-of-brain-tumours-meningioma?srsltid=AfmBOoq9RRLtEOvid0s_GxBw6_3HFeCmgknfsHkedH2Uejg7wovRNtin

  Meningioma is the most common form of adult primary brain tumour, that develops in the meninges the membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Meningiomas account for approximately 30-37% of all adult central nervous system tumours. Most are low-grade (non-cancerous) primary brain tumours. […] The incidence of meningioma increases with age and there is a notable increase after the age of 65. […] Meningioma are nearly twice as common in females than in males, rising to being three times more common in females between the ages of 35 and 54 years. […] Approximately 80-90% meningiomas are grade 1 and slow-growing, but some are more aggressive, which is why medical teams ideally want to take a biopsy (a small sample taking during a surgical operation) of each tumour. […] Grade 1 is the least aggressive and slowest growing form of meningioma, therefore carrying the longest prognosis. This form may never grow back after a successful surgical operation that is able to remove all, or most, of the tumour. Some meningioma may never grow any bigger and will not need to be treated at all, so the first line of response from your medical team may be to simply keep the tumour under close surveillance (for example by offering you a scan every 6 or 12 months), but not to treat until it poses a threat due to its size, position or a worsening of your symptoms.

• #15 Types of Benign Brain Tumors, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/brain-tumor/types-of-benign-brain-tumors

  Brain tumors can be cancerous or benign. Benign tumors do not spread to other body parts, but they can cause serious problems if they press on healthy brain tissue. Some can become cancerous. […] More than 100 types of tumors that can develop in your brain or spinal cord have been identified. About half of tumors that develop in these areas are benign. […] Roughly 1 in 6,800 people in the United States are diagnosed with a primary brain tumor each year. […] Mengiomas make up about 10-15% of all brain tumors and are the most common type of benign brain tumor. […] Pituitary adenomas are generally highly treatable and often don’t affect lifespan. […] Schwannomas are often benign tumors that develop in the cells that protect and support nerve cells. […] Craniopharyngiomas are usually benign and develop in your pituitary gland.

• #16 Types of Benign Brain Tumors, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/brain-tumor/types-of-benign-brain-tumors

  Brain tumors can be cancerous or benign. Benign tumors do not spread to other body parts, but they can cause serious problems if they press on healthy brain tissue. Some can become cancerous. […] More than 100 types of tumors that can develop in your brain or spinal cord have been identified. About half of tumors that develop in these areas are benign. […] Roughly 1 in 6,800 people in the United States are diagnosed with a primary brain tumor each year. […] Mengiomas make up about 10-15% of all brain tumors and are the most common type of benign brain tumor. […] Pituitary adenomas are generally highly treatable and often don’t affect lifespan. […] Schwannomas are often benign tumors that develop in the cells that protect and support nerve cells. […] Craniopharyngiomas are usually benign and develop in your pituitary gland.

• #17 Types of Benign Brain Tumors, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/brain-tumor/types-of-benign-brain-tumors

  Brain tumors can be cancerous or benign. Benign tumors do not spread to other body parts, but they can cause serious problems if they press on healthy brain tissue. Some can become cancerous. […] More than 100 types of tumors that can develop in your brain or spinal cord have been identified. About half of tumors that develop in these areas are benign. […] Roughly 1 in 6,800 people in the United States are diagnosed with a primary brain tumor each year. […] Mengiomas make up about 10-15% of all brain tumors and are the most common type of benign brain tumor. […] Pituitary adenomas are generally highly treatable and often don’t affect lifespan. […] Schwannomas are often benign tumors that develop in the cells that protect and support nerve cells. […] Craniopharyngiomas are usually benign and develop in your pituitary gland.

• #18 Types of Benign Brain Tumors, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/brain-tumor/types-of-benign-brain-tumors

  Hemangioblastomas start in the cells that line the blood vessels in your brain or spinal cord. […] Chordomas tend to grow slowly without a known cause and usually develop in people in their 40s-60s in the bone at the base of the skull. […] Gangliocytomas frequently cause epilepsy in children and are often surgically treatable. […] Glomus jugulares are usually benign and located in a part of the skull called the jugular foramen. […] Pineocytomas are usually benign and arise from the pineal gland, usually in adults. […] Ependymomas can be benign or cancerous. […] Pituicytomas are extremely rare and slow-growing benign tumors that develop on your pituitary gland. […] Chondromas are benign tumors that develop in cartilage. […] Choroid plexus tumors are benign and most common in young adults.

• #19 Survival for brain and spinal cord tumours | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/brain-tumours/survival

  Vestibular schwannoma is the most common type of non cancerous (benign) nerve sheath tumour. […] For benign nerve sheath tumours: 99 out of 100 (99%) people survive their tumour for 5 years or more. […] Most pituitary tumours are non cancerous (benign). Benign pituitary gland tumours are also called pituitary adenomas. […] For all pituitary gland tumours: more than 95 out of 100 people (more than 95%) survive their brain tumour for 5 years or more. […] Haemangioblastomas are rare slow growing tumours. […] For haemangiomas: 95 out of 100 people (95%) survive their tumour for 5 years or more. […] Craniopharyngiomas are tumours that grow near the base of the brain. These tumours do not usually spread and have a good prognosis. […] For craniopharyngiomas: around 85 out of 100 people (around 85%) survive their tumour for 5 years or more.

• #20 Types of Benign Brain Tumors, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/brain-tumor/types-of-benign-brain-tumors

  Hemangioblastomas start in the cells that line the blood vessels in your brain or spinal cord. […] Chordomas tend to grow slowly without a known cause and usually develop in people in their 40s-60s in the bone at the base of the skull. […] Gangliocytomas frequently cause epilepsy in children and are often surgically treatable. […] Glomus jugulares are usually benign and located in a part of the skull called the jugular foramen. […] Pineocytomas are usually benign and arise from the pineal gland, usually in adults. […] Ependymomas can be benign or cancerous. […] Pituicytomas are extremely rare and slow-growing benign tumors that develop on your pituitary gland. […] Chondromas are benign tumors that develop in cartilage. […] Choroid plexus tumors are benign and most common in young adults.

• #21 Types of Benign Brain Tumors, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/brain-tumor/types-of-benign-brain-tumors

  Hemangioblastomas start in the cells that line the blood vessels in your brain or spinal cord. […] Chordomas tend to grow slowly without a known cause and usually develop in people in their 40s-60s in the bone at the base of the skull. […] Gangliocytomas frequently cause epilepsy in children and are often surgically treatable. […] Glomus jugulares are usually benign and located in a part of the skull called the jugular foramen. […] Pineocytomas are usually benign and arise from the pineal gland, usually in adults. […] Ependymomas can be benign or cancerous. […] Pituicytomas are extremely rare and slow-growing benign tumors that develop on your pituitary gland. […] Chondromas are benign tumors that develop in cartilage. […] Choroid plexus tumors are benign and most common in young adults.

• #22

  https://www.cancervic.org.au/cancer-information/statistics/brain-and-central-nervous-system.html

  In 2022, 859 Victorians were diagnosed with benign brain and CNS tumours. Of these, there were 336 males and 523 females, representing 39.1% and 60.9% of the total Victorian non-malignant brain and CNS cancer diagnoses, respectively. Currently, benign brain and CNS cancer is diagnosed at a rate of 7.6 per 100,000 males and 10.6 per 100,000 females. The median age at diagnosis of benign brain and CNS cancer is 58 years in males and 59 in females. […] Figure 3a shows that for males between 1982 to 2015 the incidence of benign brain and CNS cancer increased by an average of 2.7% per year, and between 2015 to 2022 incidence increased by an average of 6.6% per year. […] For females between 1982 to 1987 the incidence of benign brain and CNS cancer increased by an average of 15.3% per year, between 1987 to 2016 incidence increased by an average of 2.3% per year, and between 2016 to 2022 incidence stabilised. […] Figure 7 shows the change in 5-year survival for brain and CNS cancer and the 5-year survival trend for all cancers over the same time period. It demonstrates that five-year relative survival has increased for benign brain and CNS cancer between 1982-1986 and 2017-2021 from 89% to 95%.

• #23 CBTRUS Fact Sheet 2024 – CBTRUS

  https://cbtrus.org/cbtrus-fact-sheet/

  The incidence rate of AYA primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors in the US was 12.07 cases per 100,000 population for a total 5-year total of 65,399 cases. […] The incidence rate of adult primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors in the United States was 46.14 cases per 100,000 population for a five-year total of 385,590 cases. […] The rate was higher for non-malignant tumors (34.55 per 100,000), for a total of 286,883, when compared to malignant tumors (11.59 per 100,000), for a total of 98,707. […] The five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis with a primary non-malignant brain or other CNS tumor (including lymphomas and leukemias, tumors of the pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity) was 92.0% in the United States (2004-2020). […] Non-malignant brain tumors only had significant increases in incidence from 2004-2009 and from 2009-2021. […] Meningioma had the highest overall prevalence (1/3 of all brain tumors) with 491,509 cases as of December 31, 2019, the majority of which were non-malignant (488,359 or 99%).

• #24 CBTRUS Fact Sheet 2024 – CBTRUS

  https://cbtrus.org/cbtrus-fact-sheet/

  The incidence rate of AYA primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors in the US was 12.07 cases per 100,000 population for a total 5-year total of 65,399 cases. […] The incidence rate of adult primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors in the United States was 46.14 cases per 100,000 population for a five-year total of 385,590 cases. […] The rate was higher for non-malignant tumors (34.55 per 100,000), for a total of 286,883, when compared to malignant tumors (11.59 per 100,000), for a total of 98,707. […] The five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis with a primary non-malignant brain or other CNS tumor (including lymphomas and leukemias, tumors of the pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity) was 92.0% in the United States (2004-2020). […] Non-malignant brain tumors only had significant increases in incidence from 2004-2009 and from 2009-2021. […] Meningioma had the highest overall prevalence (1/3 of all brain tumors) with 491,509 cases as of December 31, 2019, the majority of which were non-malignant (488,359 or 99%).

• #25 Meningioma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/meningioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20355643

  Risk factors for a meningioma include: Radiation treatment. Radiation therapy that involves the head may increase the risk of a meningioma. […] Meningiomas are more common in women. This might mean that female hormones may play a role. Some studies also have suggested a link between breast cancer and meningioma risk related to the role of hormones. Some research suggests that the use of oral birth control and hormone replacement therapy could raise the risk of meningioma growth. […] A high body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for many types of cancers. Several large studies have found that meningiomas happen more often in obese people. But the link between obesity and meningiomas is not clear.

• #26 Meningioma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/meningioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20355643

  Risk factors for a meningioma include: Radiation treatment. Radiation therapy that involves the head may increase the risk of a meningioma. […] Meningiomas are more common in women. This might mean that female hormones may play a role. Some studies also have suggested a link between breast cancer and meningioma risk related to the role of hormones. Some research suggests that the use of oral birth control and hormone replacement therapy could raise the risk of meningioma growth. […] A high body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for many types of cancers. Several large studies have found that meningiomas happen more often in obese people. But the link between obesity and meningiomas is not clear.

• #27 Meningioma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/meningioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20355643

  Risk factors for a meningioma include: Radiation treatment. Radiation therapy that involves the head may increase the risk of a meningioma. […] Meningiomas are more common in women. This might mean that female hormones may play a role. Some studies also have suggested a link between breast cancer and meningioma risk related to the role of hormones. Some research suggests that the use of oral birth control and hormone replacement therapy could raise the risk of meningioma growth. […] A high body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for many types of cancers. Several large studies have found that meningiomas happen more often in obese people. But the link between obesity and meningiomas is not clear.

• #28 Non-cancerous Brain Tumors Linked to Frequent Dental X-rays < Yale School of Public Health

  https://ysph.yale.edu/news-article/non-cancerous-brain-tumors-linked-to-frequent-dental-x-rays-1/

  People who received frequent dental X-rays in the past have an increased risk of developing a meningioma, the most common and potentially debilitating type of non-cancerous brain tumor, a new study led by the Yale School of Public Health has found. […] The study found that individuals receiving bitewing exams (which use X-ray film held in place by a tab between the teeth) on a yearly or more frequent basis were approximately 50 percent more likely to develop a meningioma than their peers in the control group. […] The researchers also found a link between meningioma risk and the panoramic dental exam (which uses an X-ray outside of the mouth to develop a single image of all of the teeth). Individuals younger than 10 years old who received this exam in the past had a nearly five times greater risk of developing meningioma, while those who received it on a yearly or more frequent basis were up to three times more likely to develop a tumor.

• #29 CBTRUS Fact Sheet 2024 – CBTRUS

  https://cbtrus.org/cbtrus-fact-sheet/

  The incidence rate of AYA primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors in the US was 12.07 cases per 100,000 population for a total 5-year total of 65,399 cases. […] The incidence rate of adult primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors in the United States was 46.14 cases per 100,000 population for a five-year total of 385,590 cases. […] The rate was higher for non-malignant tumors (34.55 per 100,000), for a total of 286,883, when compared to malignant tumors (11.59 per 100,000), for a total of 98,707. […] The five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis with a primary non-malignant brain or other CNS tumor (including lymphomas and leukemias, tumors of the pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity) was 92.0% in the United States (2004-2020). […] Non-malignant brain tumors only had significant increases in incidence from 2004-2009 and from 2009-2021. […] Meningioma had the highest overall prevalence (1/3 of all brain tumors) with 491,509 cases as of December 31, 2019, the majority of which were non-malignant (488,359 or 99%).

• #30 Brain Tumor Facts

  https://braintumor.org/brain-tumors/about-brain-tumors/brain-tumor-facts/

  Approximately 72% of all brain tumors are benign. […] An estimated 67,440 will be non-malignant (benign) in 2023. […] Non-malignant meningiomas are the most commonly occurring primary non-malignant brain tumors, accounting for 39.7% of all tumors and 55.4% of all non-malignant tumors. […] For patients with non-malignant brain tumors, the average five-year relative survival rate is 91.8%. […] The most common primary non-malignant brain tumor, meningioma, has an average five-year survival of 88.2% after diagnosis. […] The five-year relative survival rate for adults diagnosed with a primary brain tumor is 72.5%. […] The five-year relative survival rate for those ages 40+ years is 90.3% for non-malignant tumors. […] Non-malignant primary brain tumors occur more often in females (64.4%) than in males (35.6%).

• #31 Brain Tumor Facts

  https://braintumor.org/brain-tumors/about-brain-tumors/brain-tumor-facts/

  Approximately 72% of all brain tumors are benign. […] An estimated 67,440 will be non-malignant (benign) in 2023. […] Non-malignant meningiomas are the most commonly occurring primary non-malignant brain tumors, accounting for 39.7% of all tumors and 55.4% of all non-malignant tumors. […] For patients with non-malignant brain tumors, the average five-year relative survival rate is 91.8%. […] The most common primary non-malignant brain tumor, meningioma, has an average five-year survival of 88.2% after diagnosis. […] The five-year relative survival rate for adults diagnosed with a primary brain tumor is 72.5%. […] The five-year relative survival rate for those ages 40+ years is 90.3% for non-malignant tumors. […] Non-malignant primary brain tumors occur more often in females (64.4%) than in males (35.6%).

• #32 Brain Tumor Facts

  https://braintumor.org/brain-tumors/about-brain-tumors/brain-tumor-facts/

  Approximately 72% of all brain tumors are benign. […] An estimated 67,440 will be non-malignant (benign) in 2023. […] Non-malignant meningiomas are the most commonly occurring primary non-malignant brain tumors, accounting for 39.7% of all tumors and 55.4% of all non-malignant tumors. […] For patients with non-malignant brain tumors, the average five-year relative survival rate is 91.8%. […] The most common primary non-malignant brain tumor, meningioma, has an average five-year survival of 88.2% after diagnosis. […] The five-year relative survival rate for adults diagnosed with a primary brain tumor is 72.5%. […] The five-year relative survival rate for those ages 40+ years is 90.3% for non-malignant tumors. […] Non-malignant primary brain tumors occur more often in females (64.4%) than in males (35.6%).

• #33 Survival for brain and spinal cord tumours | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/brain-tumours/survival

  Survival is different for adults and children with brain and spinal cord tumours. This page is for adults with cancerous (malignant) and non cancerous (benign) brain tumours. […] Ependymomas can be cancerous (malignant) or not cancerous (benign). […] For benign ependymomas: around 95 out of 100 people (around 95%) survive their brain tumour for 5 years or more. […] Meningiomas can start in the brain or the spinal cord. Most meningiomas start in the brain (cranial meningiomas). Doctors group meningiomas into groups based on how quickly they are likely to grow (the grade). Most meningiomas are grade 1 or grade 2. These are non cancerous (benign) tumours. […] almost 70 out of 100 people (almost 70%) with a grade 1 or grade 2 brain meningioma survive their cancer for 10 years or more. […] The following statistics are for brain tumours that are usually non cancerous (benign):

• #34 Survival for brain and spinal cord tumours | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/brain-tumours/survival

  Survival is different for adults and children with brain and spinal cord tumours. This page is for adults with cancerous (malignant) and non cancerous (benign) brain tumours. […] Ependymomas can be cancerous (malignant) or not cancerous (benign). […] For benign ependymomas: around 95 out of 100 people (around 95%) survive their brain tumour for 5 years or more. […] Meningiomas can start in the brain or the spinal cord. Most meningiomas start in the brain (cranial meningiomas). Doctors group meningiomas into groups based on how quickly they are likely to grow (the grade). Most meningiomas are grade 1 or grade 2. These are non cancerous (benign) tumours. […] almost 70 out of 100 people (almost 70%) with a grade 1 or grade 2 brain meningioma survive their cancer for 10 years or more. […] The following statistics are for brain tumours that are usually non cancerous (benign):

• #35 Survival for brain and spinal cord tumours | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/brain-tumours/survival

  Vestibular schwannoma is the most common type of non cancerous (benign) nerve sheath tumour. […] For benign nerve sheath tumours: 99 out of 100 (99%) people survive their tumour for 5 years or more. […] Most pituitary tumours are non cancerous (benign). Benign pituitary gland tumours are also called pituitary adenomas. […] For all pituitary gland tumours: more than 95 out of 100 people (more than 95%) survive their brain tumour for 5 years or more. […] Haemangioblastomas are rare slow growing tumours. […] For haemangiomas: 95 out of 100 people (95%) survive their tumour for 5 years or more. […] Craniopharyngiomas are tumours that grow near the base of the brain. These tumours do not usually spread and have a good prognosis. […] For craniopharyngiomas: around 85 out of 100 people (around 85%) survive their tumour for 5 years or more.

• #36 Survival for brain and spinal cord tumours | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/brain-tumours/survival

  Vestibular schwannoma is the most common type of non cancerous (benign) nerve sheath tumour. […] For benign nerve sheath tumours: 99 out of 100 (99%) people survive their tumour for 5 years or more. […] Most pituitary tumours are non cancerous (benign). Benign pituitary gland tumours are also called pituitary adenomas. […] For all pituitary gland tumours: more than 95 out of 100 people (more than 95%) survive their brain tumour for 5 years or more. […] Haemangioblastomas are rare slow growing tumours. […] For haemangiomas: 95 out of 100 people (95%) survive their tumour for 5 years or more. […] Craniopharyngiomas are tumours that grow near the base of the brain. These tumours do not usually spread and have a good prognosis. […] For craniopharyngiomas: around 85 out of 100 people (around 85%) survive their tumour for 5 years or more.

• #37 Survival for brain and spinal cord tumours | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/brain-tumours/survival

  Vestibular schwannoma is the most common type of non cancerous (benign) nerve sheath tumour. […] For benign nerve sheath tumours: 99 out of 100 (99%) people survive their tumour for 5 years or more. […] Most pituitary tumours are non cancerous (benign). Benign pituitary gland tumours are also called pituitary adenomas. […] For all pituitary gland tumours: more than 95 out of 100 people (more than 95%) survive their brain tumour for 5 years or more. […] Haemangioblastomas are rare slow growing tumours. […] For haemangiomas: 95 out of 100 people (95%) survive their tumour for 5 years or more. […] Craniopharyngiomas are tumours that grow near the base of the brain. These tumours do not usually spread and have a good prognosis. […] For craniopharyngiomas: around 85 out of 100 people (around 85%) survive their tumour for 5 years or more.

• #38 Survival for brain and spinal cord tumours | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/brain-tumours/survival

  Vestibular schwannoma is the most common type of non cancerous (benign) nerve sheath tumour. […] For benign nerve sheath tumours: 99 out of 100 (99%) people survive their tumour for 5 years or more. […] Most pituitary tumours are non cancerous (benign). Benign pituitary gland tumours are also called pituitary adenomas. […] For all pituitary gland tumours: more than 95 out of 100 people (more than 95%) survive their brain tumour for 5 years or more. […] Haemangioblastomas are rare slow growing tumours. […] For haemangiomas: 95 out of 100 people (95%) survive their tumour for 5 years or more. […] Craniopharyngiomas are tumours that grow near the base of the brain. These tumours do not usually spread and have a good prognosis. […] For craniopharyngiomas: around 85 out of 100 people (around 85%) survive their tumour for 5 years or more.

• #39 Relative survival of patients with non-malignant central nervous system tumours: a descriptive study by the Austrian Brain Tumour Registry | British Journal of Cancer

  https://www.nature.com/articles/bjc2013714

  Unlike malignant primary central nervous system (CNS) tumours outcome data on non-malignant CNS tumours are scarce. […] For patients diagnosed from 1996 to 2002 5-year relative survival of only 85.0% has been reported. […] Overall 5-year relative survival was 96.1% (95% CI 95.1-97.1%), being significantly lower in tumours of borderline (90.2%, 87.2-92.7%) than benign behaviour (97.4%, 96.3-98.3%). […] The overall excess mortality in patients with non-malignant CNS tumours is 5.5%, indicating a significant improvement in survival over the last decade. […] Non-malignant CNS tumours differ from their systemic counterparts with regard to their exclusive location within the CNS rendering them close to eloquent areas. […] Nevertheless, in contrast to malignant CNS tumours, non-malignant tumours are not consistently reported through cancer registries, thus the population-based experience with these tumours is still limited.

• #40 Relative survival of patients with non-malignant central nervous system tumours: a descriptive study by the Austrian Brain Tumour Registry | British Journal of Cancer

  https://www.nature.com/articles/bjc2013714

  Following an initiative of the Central Brain Tumour Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) the registration of non-malignant CNS tumours has become legally mandatory in the United States in 2004. […] Yet, with regard to the outcome of these patients population-based data are even scarcer. […] Compared with baseline data from the Eurocare project (5-year RSR from non-malignant brain tumours of only 85.0% based on patients diagnosed from 1996 to 2002) […] the herein observed rates might be biased towards optimistic survival, as patients with poor preoperative performance scores were likely to be not included. […] Although a considerable fraction of tumours (41.3%) had imprecisely defined topography codes […] cRSR demonstrated impaired survival for tumours of the cerebral meninges, optic nerve, craniopharyngeal duct, brain stem, cerebellum, and ventricles. […] In summary, we present relative survival rates of patients with non-malignant CNS tumours in a large contemporary patient cohort.

• #41 Home – Brain Tumour Registry

  https://braintumourregistry.ca/

  The goal of the Brain Tumour Registry of Canada is to make every brain tumour count, collecting and presenting comprehensive data on the incidence, prevalence, and survival rates for all primary malignant and non-malignant brain tumours. […] The Brain Tumour Registry will permit the standardized collection of epidemiological data concerning benign and malignant brain tumours across Canada. This critical advance will provide a firm foundation for brain tumour research, facilitate the allocation of government funding to support patients and families and lead to improved access to better therapies for these diseases.

• #42 :: BTRT :: Brain Tumor Research and Treatment

  https://btrt.org/DOIx.php?id=10.14791/btrt.2017.5.1.16

  This report aims to provide accurate nationwide epidemiologic data on primary brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the Republic of Korea. […] The Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) started in 1980, and they collected malignant tumors only, excluding benign and borderline tumors. In order to collect benign and borderline brain tumors, the KCCR modified their registration guideline in corporation with the Brain Tumors Registration Committee of the Korean Brain Tumor Society in 2004, and started to register non-malignant brain tumors from year 2005. […] The overall incidence according to biological behavior is shown in Fig. 1. Tumors classified as benign, uncertain, and malignant tumors accounted for 73.2%, 8.8%, and 18.0% of all primary CNS tumors, respectively. […] The incidences of all histological types increased in 2013 compared to 2010, however, most of this increase was due to benign tumors, including tumors of the cranial nerves, meninges, and sellar. […] Updated incidence of brain tumors will help to assess disease burden, facilitate etiologic studies, and establish cancer prevention and control strategies.

• #43 Relative survival of patients with non-malignant central nervous system tumours: a descriptive study by the Austrian Brain Tumour Registry | British Journal of Cancer

  https://www.nature.com/articles/bjc2013714

  Unlike malignant primary central nervous system (CNS) tumours outcome data on non-malignant CNS tumours are scarce. […] For patients diagnosed from 1996 to 2002 5-year relative survival of only 85.0% has been reported. […] Overall 5-year relative survival was 96.1% (95% CI 95.1-97.1%), being significantly lower in tumours of borderline (90.2%, 87.2-92.7%) than benign behaviour (97.4%, 96.3-98.3%). […] The overall excess mortality in patients with non-malignant CNS tumours is 5.5%, indicating a significant improvement in survival over the last decade. […] Non-malignant CNS tumours differ from their systemic counterparts with regard to their exclusive location within the CNS rendering them close to eloquent areas. […] Nevertheless, in contrast to malignant CNS tumours, non-malignant tumours are not consistently reported through cancer registries, thus the population-based experience with these tumours is still limited.

• #44 Why I let a brain tumor go untouched for 10 years – The Washington Post

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/why-i-let-a-brain-tumor-go-untouched-for-10-years/2016/02/01/28b02d48-a5b6-11e5-ad3f-991ce3374e23_story.html

  Watching my little brain tumor grow slowly over the past 10 years has been an extraordinary exercise in courage, patience, gratitude and faith. […] Fortunately, my tumor is a benign and generally slow-growing type called an acoustic neuroma. […] Also called “expectant management,” “active surveillance” and “watchful waiting,” this involves closely monitoring an ailment but withholding treatment unless symptoms appear or progress. […] It involves regular checkups — which could mean blood tests, biopsies or imaging scans, all involving some physical, emotional and financial stress. […] Over a decade of watchful waiting, I’ve had 10 MRIs. […] I tried to remain calm over the years as I watched my tumor’s creeping growth, at a rate of about one millimeter — the size of a grain of sugar — a year.

• #45 Haemangioblastoma | Brain (and spinal cord) tumours | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/brain-tumours/types/haemangioblastoma

  Haemangioblastomas are rare non cancerous (benign) brain tumours. They start in the cells that line the blood vessels in the brain, spinal cord and brain stem. They usually grow slowly over some years. […] Haemangioblastomas are rare tumours. They are a type of tumour called haemangiomas. Around 1 out of every 100 brain tumours (around 1%) diagnosed are haemangiomas. Around 12,300 people are diagnosed with a brain tumour in the UK each year. This includes tumours in other parts of the central nervous system as well. […] You might not need treatment straight away if you have a very small haemangioblastoma which isn’t growing. And if you dont have symptoms. If this is the case, your doctors may recommend monitoring the tumour with regular MRI scans. This is called watchful waiting or active surveillance.

• #46 Why I let a brain tumor go untouched for 10 years – The Washington Post

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/why-i-let-a-brain-tumor-go-untouched-for-10-years/2016/02/01/28b02d48-a5b6-11e5-ad3f-991ce3374e23_story.html

  Watching my little brain tumor grow slowly over the past 10 years has been an extraordinary exercise in courage, patience, gratitude and faith. […] Fortunately, my tumor is a benign and generally slow-growing type called an acoustic neuroma. […] Also called “expectant management,” “active surveillance” and “watchful waiting,” this involves closely monitoring an ailment but withholding treatment unless symptoms appear or progress. […] It involves regular checkups — which could mean blood tests, biopsies or imaging scans, all involving some physical, emotional and financial stress. […] Over a decade of watchful waiting, I’ve had 10 MRIs. […] I tried to remain calm over the years as I watched my tumor’s creeping growth, at a rate of about one millimeter — the size of a grain of sugar — a year.

• #47 Pulsenotes | Brain tumours

  https://app.pulsenotes.com/surgery/neurosurgery/notes/brain-tumours

  Overall, surveillance imaging schedules, surgical intervention and use of adjuvant radiotherapy depends on the grade of meningioma (among other factors), which correlates to a risk of recurrence. A typical surveillance schedule with an MRI of the brain for a grade 1 meningioma might be at 3-6 months after initial scan, then annually for 3-5 years, then 2-3 yearly thereafter as long as there is no significant change. […] The prognosis is generally favourable as the majority of meningiomas are benign. The overall 5-year survival rate is over 87%. However, this drops to 42% with malignant meningiomas.

• #48 Non-Malignant Benign Brain Tumors | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/brain-tumor/types/benign

  If you are diagnosed with a benign brain tumor, your neurosurgeon will discuss your treatment options. These options depend on factors such as the tumor size, your age and health, and the extent of your symptoms. […] Some non-malignant brain tumors may need to be removed surgically. Even a non-cancerous mass growing inside the head can be dangerous, as there is only so much room inside the skull for anything other than the brain. A slow-growing tumor may eventually create significant pressure on the brain that can cause symptoms and become life-threatening. […] While some non-cancerous tumors go away entirely after being treated, some can recur or even become cancerous. This is why its crucial that you work with your physician/surgeon and speak to them about any new or worsening symptoms you may experience. […] Undergoing follow-up care, including imaging (MRI), blood work, and physical examinations, also helps catch a recurrence early should it arise.

• #49 Active monitoring or Watch and Wait | The Brain Tumour Charity

  https://www.thebraintumourcharity.org/brain-tumour-diagnosis-treatment/treating-brain-tumours/adult-treatments/watch-and-wait/

  Brain tumours that are typically slow growing and unlikely to spread may cause no symptoms, or only a few symptoms, for many years. In this case, a Watch and Wait or active monitoring approach may be used, rather than give treatments that can cause considerable side-effects. […] The most common types of brain tumours to receive a Watch and Wait approach are newly diagnosed low grade gliomas (grade 1 or 2 astrocytomas, grade 2 oligodendrogliomas) and grade 1 meningiomas. […] Active monitoring is also sometimes used after initial treatment, such as biopsy or debulking surgery, where part of the tumour is removed, before giving other treatments that could cause worse side-effects. […] Depending on your tumour and age, this could take many years, or not happen at all. […] People whove been put on active monitoring have told us about what they have found to help. These include: learn more about your tumour and the support thats available it can make you feel more in control. […] If you are not happy being on watch and wait, you are entitled to ask for a second opinion, just to be sure.

• #50 BTEC Conference 2024: Mainz – Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium

  https://sites.usc.edu/braintumorcause/btec-2024-the-evolving-epidemiology-of-brain-tumor-survivorship/

  Brain tumors (malignant and benign/non-malignant) affect approximately 25 persons per 100,000 people in the United States annually. […] It is estimated that there were 1,323,121 people living with a central nervous system tumor as of the end of 2019. […] The burden of these tumors is particularly large on children, adolescents and young adults where brain tumors are among the top causes of cancer and sources of cancer death. […] With improvements in treatment for several types of brain tumors, the proportion of this population that are long term survivors is increasing. […] The Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium (BTEC) was initiated in 2003 to facilitate interactions among brain tumor epidemiologists and clinicians. […] Our 2024 meeting will focus on brain tumor survivorship across the age spectrum, in addition to our usual topics including improvements in predicting brain tumor risk and survival.

• #51 Brain Tumor Epidemiology: Consensus from the Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium (BTEC)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2861559/

  Epidemiologists in the Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium (BTEC) have prioritized areas for further research. […] A major priority based on available evidence and technologies includes expanding research in genetics and molecular epidemiology of brain tumors. […] BTEC has taken an active role in promoting understudied groups such as pediatric brain tumors, the etiology of rare glioma subtypes, such as oligodendroglioma, and meningioma, which not uncommon, has only recently been systematically registered in the US. […] The incidence of both primary malignant and non-malignant brain tumors in the US is ~14.8/100,000/year, with white males having the highest rate. […] Males also generally have higher rates of primary malignant brain tumors while females have higher rates of non-malignant tumors, primarily meningiomas.

• #52 Brain Tumor Epidemiology: Consensus from the Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium (BTEC)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2861559/

  Epidemiologists in the Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium (BTEC) have prioritized areas for further research. […] A major priority based on available evidence and technologies includes expanding research in genetics and molecular epidemiology of brain tumors. […] BTEC has taken an active role in promoting understudied groups such as pediatric brain tumors, the etiology of rare glioma subtypes, such as oligodendroglioma, and meningioma, which not uncommon, has only recently been systematically registered in the US. […] The incidence of both primary malignant and non-malignant brain tumors in the US is ~14.8/100,000/year, with white males having the highest rate. […] Males also generally have higher rates of primary malignant brain tumors while females have higher rates of non-malignant tumors, primarily meningiomas.

• #53 Brain Tumor Epidemiology: Consensus from the Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium (BTEC)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2861559/

  A second priority for the group was to enhance collaborative science with data that already exist by pooling datasets from completed studies that examined similar research questions. […] A third priority area identified at the meeting was the inclusion of a research agenda related to non-malignant brain tumors (e.g. meningioma) which make up a good proportion of all brain tumors. […] To date very few epidemiological studies have been completed on this tumor; the majority coming from the Tinea capitis cohorts in Israel.

• #54 Brain Tumor Epidemiology: Consensus from the Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium (BTEC)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2861559/

  A second priority for the group was to enhance collaborative science with data that already exist by pooling datasets from completed studies that examined similar research questions. […] A third priority area identified at the meeting was the inclusion of a research agenda related to non-malignant brain tumors (e.g. meningioma) which make up a good proportion of all brain tumors. […] To date very few epidemiological studies have been completed on this tumor; the majority coming from the Tinea capitis cohorts in Israel.

• #55 :: BTRT :: Brain Tumor Research and Treatment

  https://btrt.org/DOIx.php?id=10.14791/btrt.2017.5.1.16

  This report aims to provide accurate nationwide epidemiologic data on primary brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the Republic of Korea. […] The Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) started in 1980, and they collected malignant tumors only, excluding benign and borderline tumors. In order to collect benign and borderline brain tumors, the KCCR modified their registration guideline in corporation with the Brain Tumors Registration Committee of the Korean Brain Tumor Society in 2004, and started to register non-malignant brain tumors from year 2005. […] The overall incidence according to biological behavior is shown in Fig. 1. Tumors classified as benign, uncertain, and malignant tumors accounted for 73.2%, 8.8%, and 18.0% of all primary CNS tumors, respectively. […] The incidences of all histological types increased in 2013 compared to 2010, however, most of this increase was due to benign tumors, including tumors of the cranial nerves, meninges, and sellar. […] Updated incidence of brain tumors will help to assess disease burden, facilitate etiologic studies, and establish cancer prevention and control strategies.

• #56

  https://journals.lww.com/annals-of-medicine-and-surgery/fulltext/2025/05000/exploring_neonatal_brain_tumors__a_narrative.38.aspx

  NBTs have an incidence rate of 0.51% in neonates. […] However, some variations may occur due to differences in diagnostic procedures between countries and a lack of pediatric data in some regions. […] An interaction between genetic, environmental, and demographic factors modulates their prevalence. […] Researchers have recognized multiple risk factors, such as ionizing radiation exposure, genetic abnormalities, birth defects, prenatal growth indicators, advanced parental age, and maternal consumption of N-nitroso compounds. […] Newborn survival rates are often lower than those reported in older age groups since neonates frequently get less aggressive therapies. […] The incidence of different subtypes was heterogeneous within different series and related to racial and regional factors. […] Understanding these multiple epidemiological determinants is crucial for improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment modalities for newborns.

• #57 Brain Tumor Epidemiology: Consensus from the Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium (BTEC)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2861559/

  Data from several national cancer registries support differences in the epidemiology of brain tumors in children versus adults. […] The annual global age-standardized incidence of primary malignant brain tumors is ~3.7 per 100,000 for males and 2.6 per 100,000 for females. […] Approximately 20,500 individuals (11,170 males and 9,330 females) were diagnosed with primary malignant brain tumors in 2007 in the US. […] In summary, progress in diagnostic technologies and ascertainment, particularly for non-malignant brain tumors, may account for much of the modest increase in incidence. […] The influence of gender on brain tumor incidence rates is quite consistent over time and geographic area, with a preponderance of glioma among males and meningioma among females. […] There is consensus among brain tumor epidemiologists that variations in study designs, population characteristics, information sources, measurement, and classification have limited the ability to make conclusive associations of specific types of adult brain tumors with individual risk factors.

• #58 Relative survival of patients with non-malignant central nervous system tumours: a descriptive study by the Austrian Brain Tumour Registry | British Journal of Cancer

  https://www.nature.com/articles/bjc2013714

  Unlike malignant primary central nervous system (CNS) tumours outcome data on non-malignant CNS tumours are scarce. […] For patients diagnosed from 1996 to 2002 5-year relative survival of only 85.0% has been reported. […] Overall 5-year relative survival was 96.1% (95% CI 95.1-97.1%), being significantly lower in tumours of borderline (90.2%, 87.2-92.7%) than benign behaviour (97.4%, 96.3-98.3%). […] The overall excess mortality in patients with non-malignant CNS tumours is 5.5%, indicating a significant improvement in survival over the last decade. […] Non-malignant CNS tumours differ from their systemic counterparts with regard to their exclusive location within the CNS rendering them close to eloquent areas. […] Nevertheless, in contrast to malignant CNS tumours, non-malignant tumours are not consistently reported through cancer registries, thus the population-based experience with these tumours is still limited.

• #59

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11060-020-03595-5

  There is large variability in reported incidence rates of primary brain/CNS tumors across the world, with mostly higher rates in higher-income countries. The aim was to compare malignant and benign brain/CNS tumor incidence between Zurich (Switzerland), a high-income country, and Georgia, a lower middle-income country. […] Age-adjusted incidence rates of brain/CNS tumors were considerably higher in Zurich compared to Georgia, both for benign and malignant tumors, which is in line with other studies reporting higher rates in high-income than in low- and middle-income countries. […] Primary benign and borderline brain/CNS tumors rarely invade adjacent tissue and do not metastasize to other parts of the body as the more aggressive malignant brain/CNS tumors do. This is one of the reasons why most cancer registries only collect information on malignant brain/CNS tumors. Still, benign brain/CNS tumors can cause serious health problems, mainly because of the anatomical location, which can cause damage by growing into and putting pressure on other parts of the brain, and therefore can be as deadly as malignant tumors.

• #60 Current epidemiological trends and surveillance issues in brain tumors

  https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br/index.php/acervo/buscador.html?task=detalhes&id=W2123748842

  The absence of an overall increase in incidence rates for all primary brain tumors since the 1950s argues against a recently introduced environmental tumorigen impacting these tumors. […] Further studies are needed to understand those tumor types with rates that do appear to be increasing among adults; specifically lymphomas, nerve sheath tumors, pituitary tumors and ependymomas. […] Patterns of incidence by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and seasonal and regional variation would assist in directing relevant new research questions. […] Filling in the gap of information on patterns for prevalent, second primaries and metastatic tumors may be useful in understanding the public perception regarding brain tumor rates and would be a valuable addition to healthcare planning tools.

• #61 Home – Brain Tumour Registry

  https://braintumourregistry.ca/

  The goal of the Brain Tumour Registry of Canada is to make every brain tumour count, collecting and presenting comprehensive data on the incidence, prevalence, and survival rates for all primary malignant and non-malignant brain tumours. […] The Brain Tumour Registry will permit the standardized collection of epidemiological data concerning benign and malignant brain tumours across Canada. This critical advance will provide a firm foundation for brain tumour research, facilitate the allocation of government funding to support patients and families and lead to improved access to better therapies for these diseases.

• #62 BTEC Conference 2024: Mainz – Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium

  https://sites.usc.edu/braintumorcause/btec-2024-the-evolving-epidemiology-of-brain-tumor-survivorship/

  Brain tumors (malignant and benign/non-malignant) affect approximately 25 persons per 100,000 people in the United States annually. […] It is estimated that there were 1,323,121 people living with a central nervous system tumor as of the end of 2019. […] The burden of these tumors is particularly large on children, adolescents and young adults where brain tumors are among the top causes of cancer and sources of cancer death. […] With improvements in treatment for several types of brain tumors, the proportion of this population that are long term survivors is increasing. […] The Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium (BTEC) was initiated in 2003 to facilitate interactions among brain tumor epidemiologists and clinicians. […] Our 2024 meeting will focus on brain tumor survivorship across the age spectrum, in addition to our usual topics including improvements in predicting brain tumor risk and survival.

• #63 BTEC Conference 2024: Mainz – Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium

  https://sites.usc.edu/braintumorcause/btec-2024-the-evolving-epidemiology-of-brain-tumor-survivorship/

  Brain tumors (malignant and benign/non-malignant) affect approximately 25 persons per 100,000 people in the United States annually. […] It is estimated that there were 1,323,121 people living with a central nervous system tumor as of the end of 2019. […] The burden of these tumors is particularly large on children, adolescents and young adults where brain tumors are among the top causes of cancer and sources of cancer death. […] With improvements in treatment for several types of brain tumors, the proportion of this population that are long term survivors is increasing. […] The Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium (BTEC) was initiated in 2003 to facilitate interactions among brain tumor epidemiologists and clinicians. […] Our 2024 meeting will focus on brain tumor survivorship across the age spectrum, in addition to our usual topics including improvements in predicting brain tumor risk and survival.

• #64 Brain Tumor Epidemiology: Consensus from the Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium (BTEC)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2861559/

  Epidemiologists in the Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium (BTEC) have prioritized areas for further research. […] A major priority based on available evidence and technologies includes expanding research in genetics and molecular epidemiology of brain tumors. […] BTEC has taken an active role in promoting understudied groups such as pediatric brain tumors, the etiology of rare glioma subtypes, such as oligodendroglioma, and meningioma, which not uncommon, has only recently been systematically registered in the US. […] The incidence of both primary malignant and non-malignant brain tumors in the US is ~14.8/100,000/year, with white males having the highest rate. […] Males also generally have higher rates of primary malignant brain tumors while females have higher rates of non-malignant tumors, primarily meningiomas.

• #65 :: BTRT :: Brain Tumor Research and Treatment

  https://btrt.org/DOIx.php?id=10.14791/btrt.2017.5.1.16

  This report aims to provide accurate nationwide epidemiologic data on primary brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the Republic of Korea. […] The Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) started in 1980, and they collected malignant tumors only, excluding benign and borderline tumors. In order to collect benign and borderline brain tumors, the KCCR modified their registration guideline in corporation with the Brain Tumors Registration Committee of the Korean Brain Tumor Society in 2004, and started to register non-malignant brain tumors from year 2005. […] The overall incidence according to biological behavior is shown in Fig. 1. Tumors classified as benign, uncertain, and malignant tumors accounted for 73.2%, 8.8%, and 18.0% of all primary CNS tumors, respectively. […] The incidences of all histological types increased in 2013 compared to 2010, however, most of this increase was due to benign tumors, including tumors of the cranial nerves, meninges, and sellar. […] Updated incidence of brain tumors will help to assess disease burden, facilitate etiologic studies, and establish cancer prevention and control strategies.

• #66 BTEC Conference 2024: Mainz – Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium

  https://sites.usc.edu/braintumorcause/btec-2024-the-evolving-epidemiology-of-brain-tumor-survivorship/

  Brain tumors (malignant and benign/non-malignant) affect approximately 25 persons per 100,000 people in the United States annually. […] It is estimated that there were 1,323,121 people living with a central nervous system tumor as of the end of 2019. […] The burden of these tumors is particularly large on children, adolescents and young adults where brain tumors are among the top causes of cancer and sources of cancer death. […] With improvements in treatment for several types of brain tumors, the proportion of this population that are long term survivors is increasing. […] The Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium (BTEC) was initiated in 2003 to facilitate interactions among brain tumor epidemiologists and clinicians. […] Our 2024 meeting will focus on brain tumor survivorship across the age spectrum, in addition to our usual topics including improvements in predicting brain tumor risk and survival.

• #67 Current epidemiological trends and surveillance issues in brain tumors

  https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br/index.php/acervo/buscador.html?task=detalhes&id=W2123748842

  The absence of an overall increase in incidence rates for all primary brain tumors since the 1950s argues against a recently introduced environmental tumorigen impacting these tumors. […] Further studies are needed to understand those tumor types with rates that do appear to be increasing among adults; specifically lymphomas, nerve sheath tumors, pituitary tumors and ependymomas. […] Patterns of incidence by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and seasonal and regional variation would assist in directing relevant new research questions. […] Filling in the gap of information on patterns for prevalent, second primaries and metastatic tumors may be useful in understanding the public perception regarding brain tumor rates and would be a valuable addition to healthcare planning tools.

• #68 Benign is Not “Fine”: Common Misconceptions About Noncancerous Brain Tumors

  https://braintumor.org/news/benign-is-not-fine-common-misconceptions-about-noncancerous-brain-tumors/

  Each year, more than 67,000 Americans will be diagnosed with a benign (non-malignant) brain tumor. […] A benign brain tumor involves abnormal growths in the brain that can disrupt essential functions. These tumors can press on critical areas, causing debilitating symptoms, long-term complications, and a significant decline in quality of life. […] A common concern among those in the brain tumor community is that the general public does not understand the long-term ramifications of a benign brain tumor. […] Just because it was benign doesn’t mean it wasn’t bad, said Lisa G., who had subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. […] For many patients, managing a benign brain tumor involves treatment, which may include surgery, radiation, and/or medication. […] For many with non-malignant brain tumors, a craniotomy is scheduled to remove as much of the tumor as possible.

• #69 Benign is Not “Fine”: Common Misconceptions About Noncancerous Brain Tumors

  https://braintumor.org/news/benign-is-not-fine-common-misconceptions-about-noncancerous-brain-tumors/

  Each year, more than 67,000 Americans will be diagnosed with a benign (non-malignant) brain tumor. […] A benign brain tumor involves abnormal growths in the brain that can disrupt essential functions. These tumors can press on critical areas, causing debilitating symptoms, long-term complications, and a significant decline in quality of life. […] A common concern among those in the brain tumor community is that the general public does not understand the long-term ramifications of a benign brain tumor. […] Just because it was benign doesn’t mean it wasn’t bad, said Lisa G., who had subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. […] For many patients, managing a benign brain tumor involves treatment, which may include surgery, radiation, and/or medication. […] For many with non-malignant brain tumors, a craniotomy is scheduled to remove as much of the tumor as possible.

• #70 Benign is Not “Fine”: Common Misconceptions About Noncancerous Brain Tumors

  https://braintumor.org/news/benign-is-not-fine-common-misconceptions-about-noncancerous-brain-tumors/

  A benign brain tumor can have a profound impact on mental health. […] Living with a benign brain tumor can change relationships in unexpected ways. […] Benign brain tumors can significantly impact cognition and speech, depending on their location and size. […] In some cases, a benign brain tumor can make it challenging to keep a patient’s job they held before their diagnosis or maintain steady employment. […] Fatigue, which is common among people living with brain tumors, is a persistent sense of exhaustion that doesn’t go away with rest. […] Many patients report that the word benign minimizes their experience. Benign brain tumors can come with significant challenges that affect every aspect of a person’s life.

• #71

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11060-020-03595-5

  There is large variability in reported incidence rates of primary brain/CNS tumors across the world, with mostly higher rates in higher-income countries. The aim was to compare malignant and benign brain/CNS tumor incidence between Zurich (Switzerland), a high-income country, and Georgia, a lower middle-income country. […] Age-adjusted incidence rates of brain/CNS tumors were considerably higher in Zurich compared to Georgia, both for benign and malignant tumors, which is in line with other studies reporting higher rates in high-income than in low- and middle-income countries. […] Primary benign and borderline brain/CNS tumors rarely invade adjacent tissue and do not metastasize to other parts of the body as the more aggressive malignant brain/CNS tumors do. This is one of the reasons why most cancer registries only collect information on malignant brain/CNS tumors. Still, benign brain/CNS tumors can cause serious health problems, mainly because of the anatomical location, which can cause damage by growing into and putting pressure on other parts of the brain, and therefore can be as deadly as malignant tumors.

• #72 BTEC Conference 2024: Mainz – Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium

  https://sites.usc.edu/braintumorcause/btec-2024-the-evolving-epidemiology-of-brain-tumor-survivorship/

  Brain tumors (malignant and benign/non-malignant) affect approximately 25 persons per 100,000 people in the United States annually. […] It is estimated that there were 1,323,121 people living with a central nervous system tumor as of the end of 2019. […] The burden of these tumors is particularly large on children, adolescents and young adults where brain tumors are among the top causes of cancer and sources of cancer death. […] With improvements in treatment for several types of brain tumors, the proportion of this population that are long term survivors is increasing. […] The Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium (BTEC) was initiated in 2003 to facilitate interactions among brain tumor epidemiologists and clinicians. […] Our 2024 meeting will focus on brain tumor survivorship across the age spectrum, in addition to our usual topics including improvements in predicting brain tumor risk and survival.

• #73

  https://www.cancervic.org.au/cancer-information/statistics/brain-and-central-nervous-system.html

  In 2022, 859 Victorians were diagnosed with benign brain and CNS tumours. Of these, there were 336 males and 523 females, representing 39.1% and 60.9% of the total Victorian non-malignant brain and CNS cancer diagnoses, respectively. Currently, benign brain and CNS cancer is diagnosed at a rate of 7.6 per 100,000 males and 10.6 per 100,000 females. The median age at diagnosis of benign brain and CNS cancer is 58 years in males and 59 in females. […] Figure 3a shows that for males between 1982 to 2015 the incidence of benign brain and CNS cancer increased by an average of 2.7% per year, and between 2015 to 2022 incidence increased by an average of 6.6% per year. […] For females between 1982 to 1987 the incidence of benign brain and CNS cancer increased by an average of 15.3% per year, between 1987 to 2016 incidence increased by an average of 2.3% per year, and between 2016 to 2022 incidence stabilised. […] Figure 7 shows the change in 5-year survival for brain and CNS cancer and the 5-year survival trend for all cancers over the same time period. It demonstrates that five-year relative survival has increased for benign brain and CNS cancer between 1982-1986 and 2017-2021 from 89% to 95%.

• #74 Primary Brain Tumors in Adults: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0201/p211.html

  Nonmalignant tumors of the meninges (meningiomas) and tumors of the pituitary gland are often included. […] When they are included, they account for 50% of primary brain tumors. […] Treatment decisions are individualized by an experienced multidisciplinary team consisting of medical oncology, radiation oncology, and neurosurgery. […] Treatment may require only surveillance but commonly includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination, and enrollment in clinical trials should be offered as an option for some high-grade tumors. […] The preferred treatment for primary brain tumors is the maximal safe surgical removal of the tumor followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. […] Although extent of resection is a prognostic variable, the extent of safe tumor resection is dependent on tumor location, patient performance status, and, most importantly, patient age.

• #75 Primary Brain Tumors in Adults: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0201/p211.html

  Nonmalignant tumors of the meninges (meningiomas) and tumors of the pituitary gland are often included. […] When they are included, they account for 50% of primary brain tumors. […] Treatment decisions are individualized by an experienced multidisciplinary team consisting of medical oncology, radiation oncology, and neurosurgery. […] Treatment may require only surveillance but commonly includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination, and enrollment in clinical trials should be offered as an option for some high-grade tumors. […] The preferred treatment for primary brain tumors is the maximal safe surgical removal of the tumor followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. […] Although extent of resection is a prognostic variable, the extent of safe tumor resection is dependent on tumor location, patient performance status, and, most importantly, patient age.

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