Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cold urticaria prevalence, treatments, and risk of anaphylaxis

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/latest-research-summaries/the-journal-of-allergy-and-clinical-immunology-in/2021/cold-urticaria

  Cold urticaria is a subtype of chronic urticaria and is a rare skin disease involving hives, itching, or swelling triggered by cold water, food, or objects. […] Few data are available on cold urticaria, especially regarding its prevalence, treatment, and risk of anaphylaxis. […] Cold urticaria comprised 7.62% of cases of chronic urticaria. […] Using published prevalence estimates of chronic urticaria, it is estimated that cold urticaria is present in approximately 6 out of 10000 people worldwide at any given time. […] Anaphylaxis induced by cold triggers occurred in 21.49% of patients with cold urticaria. […] Given that anaphylaxis is not rare in patients with cold urticaria, prescribing epinephrine autoinjectors should be considered.

• #2 Cold urticaria

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/cold-urticaria

  Acquired cold urticaria is rare, affecting about 0.05% of the population. It is most often diagnosed in young and middle-aged adults, but it may present in children or the elderly. It is twice as common in women as in men. […] Cold urticaria usually lasts for some years. About 30% report resolution of symptoms within 5 to 10 years. A 20-year follow-up study of 41 patients diagnosed with cold urticaria showed it had resolved by 10 years in about a quarter of patients. Most affected individuals relied on lifestyle modifications to avoid flares.

• #3 Prevalence, Management, and Anaphylaxis Risk of Cold Urticaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34673287/

  Cold urticaria is a subtype of chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) associated with significant morbidity and a risk for anaphylaxis. Few studies have assessed the prevalence, management, and prevalence of associated anaphylaxis of cold urticaria. […] The pooled prevalence of cold urticaria among patients with CU and CIndU was 7.62% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.45% to 15.99%; I2 = 98%) and 26.10% (95% CI, 14.17% to 43.05%; I2 = 97%), respectively. […] The pooled prevalence of anaphylaxis among patients with cold urticaria was 21.49% (95% CI, 15.79% to 28.54%; I2 = 69%). […] Anaphylaxis is common, and an epinephrine autoinjector prescription may be considered.

• #4 [Epidemiology and clinical aspects of cold urticaria] – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8926165/

  To study the frequency and clinical aspects of cold urticaria in Central Europe, patient data from a university dermatology clinic and a private dermatology office between 1984-94 were analysed and the patients re-examined if possible. The incidence of cold urticaria was found to be 0.05%. Of the 56 patients with cold urticaria (31 women, 25 men), 49 had idiopathic cold urticaria. […] The good therapeutic response to antibiotics in this study underlines the need for a better elucidation of the cause of cold urticaria, in view of possible infectious causes.

• #5 Cold urticaria – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cold-urticaria

  Cold urticaria most frequently affects young adults. Males and females are affected with similar frequency in most studies, although one study reported that females were affected twice as often as males. Up to one-half of patients with cold urticaria are atopic, and one-fourth have other types of inducible urticaria, most commonly symptomatic dermographism and cholinergic urticaria. […] The incidence of cold urticaria was estimated to be 0.05 percent in Central Europe. The frequency of cold urticaria among physical urticaria subtypes varies between 5 and 34 percent, partly depending on the geographic region (ie, higher incidences are found in regions with colder climates, and lower rates are seen in regions with a warmer climate). […] Cold urticaria is a self-limited disorder in most patients. Remission, or at least improvement of symptoms, occurs in 50 percent of patients within five to six years. The mean time to resolution in one study was 5.6±3.5 years. Recurrence of cold urticaria after remission is rare. However, some patients have the disorder for many years, and there are lifelong forms of atypical cold urticaria (ie, familial atypical cold urticaria and familial delayed cold urticaria).

• #6 Epidemiology of cold urticaria, Centre de Preuves en Dermatologie

  https://reco.sfdermato.org/en/guidelines-cold-ulticaria/epidemiological-data

  Epidemiological data on cold urticaria in France are limited, but a few key points can be noted: […] Its prevalence is estimated to be around 0.05% in Central Europe [Mller, 1996]. Cold urticaria is thought to rank second in frequency among inducible urticarias (UCInd) after dermographism. […] Age and gender: It can occur at any age but is often diagnosed in young adults. Studies show a slightly higher prevalence in women than in men. […] Triggers: Cases often occur during exposure to cold, whether through swimming in cold water, cold air, or even consuming cold foods. […] There are several types of cold urticaria, including familial forms, but only the primary acquired form (the most common) is addressed in these recommendations.

• #7

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=3920706&Journal_ID=417221&Issue_ID=3920671

  Cold urticaria is a relatively rare, yet very real allergy, accounting for approximately 1% to 3% of all urticaria cases in the United States, according to the National Organization for Rare Disorders. […] Cold urticaria can last anywhere from 4 to 9 years, but individuals usually have some improvement in symptoms within 5 years. […] Because cold urticaria frequently goes unrecognized, perform a thorough history, including past medical history (preexisting allergies) and recent events (ingestion of new foods or exposure to new environments). […] According to the National Organization for Rare Disorders, individuals may attempt desensitization by repeated exposures to cold, such as regularly taking cold showers.

• #8 Cold Induced Urticaria – WikiSM (Sports Medicine Wiki)

  https://wikism.org/Cold_Induced_Urticaria

  Overall, the epidemiology is poorly defined. […] One European study estimated the prevalence at 0.05% of the population. […] Prevalence is higher in Northern climates.

• #9 Cold urticaria in tropics: A clinico-epidemiological study from North India – Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology

  https://ijdvl.com/cold-urticaria-in-tropics-a-clinico-epidemiological-study-from-north-india/

  Cold urticaria (ColdU) is classified as a subtype of chronic inducible urticaria characterised by recurring pruritic wheals and/or angioedema upon exposure to cold stimuli. […] The aim of this study was to describe the clinico-epidemiological characteristics and treatment response in North Indian patients diagnosed with ColdU. […] Among the 1780 urticaria patients included in our study, only 15 cases of cold-induced urticaria were identified. […] ColdU is likely underdiagnosed in India, possibly dismissed as chronic spontaneous urticaria. […] This retrospective study provides valuable insights into the clinico-epidemiological characteristics and treatment response of north Indian patients with ColdU. […] The incidence of ColdU is estimated to be around 0.05% with higher rates observed in countries with colder climates.

• #9 Cold urticaria in tropics: A clinico-epidemiological study from North India – Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology

  https://ijdvl.com/cold-urticaria-in-tropics-a-clinico-epidemiological-study-from-north-india/

  While India is predominantly known for its tropical climate, ColdU is not an uncommon entity, particularly in Northern India, where cold weather persists for 34 months with temperatures dropping as low as 12C. […] This study aimed to describe clinico-epidemiological characteristics and treatment responses in our ColdU patients. […] Among these, 15 patients were identified as having ColdU, accounting for 2.6% of the chronic inducible urticaria cases and 0.8% of all chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) cases. […] The most commonly reported trigger was cold air exposure, followed by local contact with cold water, cold water immersion, and contact with cold surface. […] The ice cube provocation test showed positive results in 12 patients with localised wheals appearing within 520 minutes and lasting 14 hours. […] Management of ColdU involves measures to protect against cold exposure and the use of anti-histamines to alleviate symptoms. […] In conclusion, this retrospective study sheds light on the clinical characteristics, epidemiology, and treatment response of North Indian patients with ColdU.

• #10 Epidemiology of chronic inducible urticaria in Moscow – Fomina – Russian Journal of Allergy

  https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/1573

  Chronic inducible urticaria rates in Moscow are high, which increase as in global practice. […] The majority of studies have described that the peak incidence of CIndU is seen in young to middle-aged people (in the 2nd4th decade of life). […] Cold urticaria, on the other hand, is responsible for about 5%30% of all chronic urticarial cases while its incidence in the general population is only 0.05%; in countries with cold climates, these measures are even higher. […] We found that the most common type of CIndU in Moscow was dermographic urticaria, which correlates with the global incidence of this disease. Furthermore, cold urticaria is the second most common form of CIndU worldwide, whereas, in Moscow, this variety was the fourth most commonly diagnosed form of inducible urticaria. […] The findings of greater prevalence of CIndU in the female gender as well as the median age of onset in the 3rd4th decade of life observed in our study correlate with the existing epidemiological statistics on this disease. […] CIndU is highly prevalent in Moscow and continues to have a significant upward trend, which is consistent with the epidemiological data for the world.

• #11 Cold Urticaria – الجمعية السعودية لأمراض وجراحة الجلد

  http://ssdds.org/en/5176/

  About 0.05% of the population develops cold-induced urticaria over time. Though often diagnosed in people of young and middle-age, it may also manifest in children and the elderly. It is twice as common in females as in males. […] Cold urticaria is a condition that arises as a result of exposure to low temperatures. […] The diagnosis of cold urticaria may be established with the application of an ice cube to the skin of the forearm for a duration of 1 to 5 minutes. If the patient has cold urticaria, it is expected that a clearly discernible red and swollen rash would develop within a few minutes in the region that has been subjected to the cold-stimulation test.

• #12 Cold urticaria – WikEM

  https://wikem.org/wiki/Cold_urticaria

  Epidemiology […] M=F […] Most common in young adults (20-30 y/o) […] 50% of patients improve within 5 years […] […] […] Cold urticaria

• #13 Cold Urticaria: A Case Report and Review of the Literature | MDedge

  https://mdedge.com/cutis/article/67289/urticaria/cold-urticaria-case-report-and-review-literature

  Cold urticaria represents a form of physical urticaria. The disorder is uncommon, and patients with the condition are at risk for systemic reactions and thus must be identified, counseled, and treated accordingly. […] The prevalence of cold urticaria is not well defined. Cold urticaria is most commonly noted in young adults, with only 11% of cases noted in children under 10 years of age. […] Most forms of cold urticaria are idiopathic; however, some forms can be secondary to underlying conditions such as malignancies, vasculitides, and infectious diseases. […] Mounting evidence indicates that a possible autoimmune mechanism underlies the idiopathic form of this disorder in many patients. […] Diagnosis of cold urticaria primarily is made by evaluating the patient’s clinical history; the diagnosis may be confirmed by applying a cold stimulus, most commonly an ice cube wrapped in plastic and applied to the volar aspect of the patient’s forearm. […] Regardless, it should be recognized that all patients with cold urticaria are at risk for hypotensive reactions.

• #14 Temperature Thresholds in Assessment of the Clinical Course of Acquired Cold Contact Urticaria: A Prospective Observational One-year Study | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica

  https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-1918

  Cold contact urticaria is the second most common subtype of physical urticaria. […] To confirm the diagnosis cold stimulation standardized tests are mandatory. […] Acquired cold urticaria (ACU) is a physical urticaria characterized by wheals and/or angioedema developing in response to exposure to cold air, liquids or solids. […] It is the fourth most common type of urticaria after chronic spontaneous, dermographic and cholinergic urticaria, and women are affected twice as often as men. […] Diagnosis is made via provocation testing. Ice-cube or cold pack provocation tests are the traditional standardized methods, although when such tests are negative in cases of clinically high suspicion, the cautious submersion of one hand in cold water may be indicated. […] The management of patients with ACU is based on avoiding triggering factors, combined with treating symptoms with non-sedating anti-H1.

• #14 Temperature Thresholds in Assessment of the Clinical Course of Acquired Cold Contact Urticaria: A Prospective Observational One-year Study | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica

  https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-1918

  Clinical assessment of the therapeutic response in terms of signs and symptoms of ACU was originally carried out with the Acquired Cold Urticaria Severity Index (ACUSI). […] The primary objective of the current study is to describe the advantage of determining the stimulation time and temperature thresholds in the assessment of the clinical course of typical ACU. […] Based on the results of the current study we suggest that continuous treatment with anti-H1 has a better outcome than on-demand treatment. […] The results of the current study are similar to those of the previous studies, but with the inclusion of a specific continuous 1-year treatment. […] A complete response was obtained in 13 out of 19 patients. […] An algorithm for the management and treatment of patients with ACU is proposed, emphasizing the interest in monitoring efficacy measures using TempTest in the management of the disease.

• #15 Cold Urticaria. Characterizing the population from an urticaria outpatient clinic | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://actasdermo.org/es-cold-urticaria-characterizing-population-from-articulo-S1578219021001827

  Cold Urticaria (ColdU) is a type of chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) where recurrent pruritic wheals and/or angioedema occur after exposure to cold stimulus. […] ColdU often develops in young adults, and women show a slightly higher prevalence. […] ColdU can be classified as acquired or familial. […] Diagnosis of ColdU is based on clinical history and verified by cold stimulation tests (CST). […] Treatment consists of cold avoidance and management with antihistamines. […] ColdU is an heterogenous disease that can present as a life-threatening event. Cold provocation tests and threshold assessment can be an important tool in the management of the disease and identifying severity groups. […] This study was limited by its retrospective nature, yet we present a diversified population that correlates with other studies.

• #16 Epidemiology of urticaria including physical urticaria and angioedema in Korea

  https://www.kjim.org/journal/view.php?number=170063

  The prevalence of all-type urticaria over the 5 years was 4.5% with a peak in individuals, especially females, aged 30 to 59 years. […] The annual prevalence of all-type urticaria, dermographism, and angioedema increased over the 5 years. […] The prevalence of cold and heat urticaria over 5 years was 0.019%, and it was 1.2-fold higher in female than in male patients. […] The annual prevalence of cold and heat urticaria gradually decreased from 0.023% in 2010 to 0.016% in 2014. […] The annual prevalence of angioedema increased from 0.021% to 0.033% over the 5 years. […] The prevalence of chronic or recurrent urticaria over 5 years was 0.38%. […] The annual prevalence of chronic or recurrent urticaria increased from 0.33% to 0.44% over the 5 years. […] This study presents the epidemiology of clinical urticaria based on diagnosis (ICD-10 codes) by physicians in real world of Korea. Clinical urticaria is very common, and its prevalence is increasing. […] Although the prevalence estimation is still exploratory and diagnosis of urticaria based on ICD-10 codes need to be validated, this epidemiological study may help clinicians to manage and educate patients with urticaria in addition to providing data for future research endeavors.

• #17 Yes, You Really Can Be „Allergic” to the Cold

  https://practicingclinicians.com/the-exchange/yes-you-really-can-be-allergic-to-the-cold-

  Cold-induced urticaria is a subtype of chronic inducible urticaria that affects approximately 0.05% of the global population. […] The selected articles included a total of 1135 patients with cold urticaria. […] Among patients with chronic urticaria in general, the prevalence of cold urticaria (both as its own disease state or co-existing with another type of chronic urticaria) was found to be approximately 8% to 26%. […] The study reports that the most common trigger of cold urticaria was exposure to cold water (63% to 92%), followed by cold air or weather (58% to 82%). […] In studies evaluating symptom control in response to treatment, most patients (67%) responded to H1-antihistamines alone. […] Among the meta-analyses, approximately 14% of adult patients had resolution of cold urticaria at 5 years, and 43% had resolution of the condition at 10 years.

• #17 Yes, You Really Can Be „Allergic” to the Cold

  https://practicingclinicians.com/the-exchange/yes-you-really-can-be-allergic-to-the-cold-

  When evaluating for cases of anaphylaxis due to cold urticaria, the number of patients (both adult and pediatric) experiencing anaphylaxis ranged broadly from 0% to 34%. […] Thus, it is important for providers to be aware of its presentation, recommended management options, and the overall lack of response to oral corticosteroids.

• #18 Review of cold-induced urticaria characteristics, diagnosis and management in a Western Canadian allergy practice | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology | Full Text

  https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-018-0310-5

  Cold-induced urticaria is a significant condition, especially among young females. Despite the morbidity of this disease, studies that fully characterize the disease are limited. […] Cold-induced urticaria is the second most common type of chronic inducible urticaria and has been reported as early as 1866. It is a relatively rare disorder with a reported prevalence of 0.05% as per one study in Europe, with a higher prevalence in northern climates. […] Despite its relative predominance throughout those with inducible urticarias, very few studies have fully characterized the disease by analyzing associated physical urticarias, prevalence of possible triggers, association with secondary allergic diagnoses and family history. […] We observed in this study that there was a large association between cold-induced urticaria and secondary allergic diseases. About half of the patients with cold-induced urticaria also had another diagnosis of an allergic disease.

• #18 Review of cold-induced urticaria characteristics, diagnosis and management in a Western Canadian allergy practice | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology | Full Text

  https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-018-0310-5

  In this study, three (6%) of the patients with cold-induced urticaria were felt to have a provoking factor (including infections or insect stings) for their cold-induced urticaria based on clinical history. […] Newly released consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cold-induced urticaria were recently published in 2016. It is recommended that diagnosis should be made with the aid of provocation tests in order to obtain a definitive diagnosis. […] Although rare, in those with a family history of cold induced urticaria, a diagnosis of CAPS and other familial disorders should be entertained. […] The mainstay of treatment consists of cold avoidance techniques with non-sedating antihistamines being the most common pharmacotherapy employed. Other agents, including omalizumab and cyclosporine, are also available for those who do not respond to initial management.

• #19 Cold Urticaria: A Rare Manifestation of Lymphoma | Soyyigit | Journal of Medical Cases

  https://www.journalmc.org/index.php/JMC/article/view/1803/1406

  Cold urticaria (CU) accounts for approximately 3% of all cases of chronic urticaria. CU is very rare and generally benign. The disease may be classified into acquired and familial disorders. The acquired types are further categorized as primary acquired, secondary acquired, and atypical acquired. Secondary acquired cold urticaria (ACU) occurs most frequently with primary and secondary cryoglobulinemia, e.g. secondary to chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphosarcoma, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, hepatitis C virus infection and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. The specific association of CU and marginal zone B-cell lymphoma has not been reported. Therefore, we want to present a patient with CU which was diagnosed as marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. […] The exact incidence of the CU is unknown, but of all the cases, over 90% are classified as idiopathic. Although ACU is usually considered benign, several concerns should be addressed in patients with these disorders. The incidence of secondary ACU associated with cryoglobulinemia is low. Approximately 3-4% of all cryoglobulinemias are associated with ACU.

• #20

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40521-024-00366-9

  ColdU, a subset of chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU), has an estimated annual incidence of 0.05% in Europe. […] The prevalence of ColdUT in ColdU studies shows significant variability (59100%), indicating potential differences across various populations and settings. […] The definition of ColdA lacks consensus. In the COLD-CE study, ColdA was diagnosed in 37% (151/412) of patients with ColdUT. […] A systematic review and meta-analysis identified a 21% prevalence of ColdA, defined as a systemic reaction involving two organ systems and/or hypotension triggered by cold exposure among ColdU cases. […] Comparative studies of ColdA prevalence in ColdUT versus ColdUA are limited. Two studies revealed a higher incidence of ColdA in ColdUT patients. […] The COLD-CE study highlighted that only a minority of ColdA patients received adrenaline during their anaphylaxis episode or were prescribed an AAI.

• #20

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40521-024-00366-9

  This large international study identified clinical risk factors for cold-induced anaphylaxis and provided critical insights for disease management. […] Findings of this international study revealed low adrenaline (epinephrine) prescription rates in cold urticaria patients and highlighted the insufficient treatment of cold-induced anaphylaxis.

• #21 Cold urticaria: Quinn’s experience | Anaphylaxis UK | Anaphylaxis UK

  https://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/patients/media-centre/case-studies/cold-urticaria-quinns-experience/

  Cold urticaria is a skin reaction to cold stimulus. The reaction can be minor (hives) or severe (anaphylaxis), with the worst reactions occurring on whole body exposure, for example, cold water swimming. […] Cold-induced urticaria is a rare condition. People who experience cold urticaria will develop hives when their skin is chilled by cold water, cold rain or cold weather. If you believe you may have cold urticaria you may be at risk of cold anaphylaxis, so it is important to speak with your GP and ask to be referred to an NHS allergy clinic. […] His NHS appointment came through a few months later and he went to visit the local allergy team. His condition is so rare, staff came into the room to see his reaction to the ice cube test (the common method for diagnosing cold urticaria). He was given blood tests to rule out anything underlying, which came back negative.

• #22 Cold urticaria – ECARF

  https://www.ecarf.org/en/coldurticaria/

  Cold urticaria can become dangerous in rare cases, such as when hives appear all over the body after jumping into cold water. Magerl says that hives covering such a large area can be hard on the circulation. Significant amounts of fluids can seep from the blood into the skin. This can lead to a drop in blood pressure and eventually shock and loss of consciousness. Patients should be made aware of this possibility. […] Doctors generally use a provocation test to confirm a diagnosis of cold urticaria. This is done by placing a plastic bag filled with ice cubes against the skin and testing the reaction to the cold stimulus. At Charit, the non-standardised ice cube test has been replaced by an electronic measuring system. The testing device, developed at Allergie-Centrum, can measure the exact threshold temperature at which the hives are triggered. This information can be very useful for patients.

• #23 Anaphylaxis in atypical cold urticaria: case report and review of literature | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-018-0578-6

  Cold-induced urticaria (CU) is a physical urticaria characterized by the appearance of wheals after exposure to cold. It represents one third of all cases of physical urticaria. The most well-known form of CU is the typical one (TCU), characterized by the appearance of wheals only in cold stimulated areas and confirmed by a positive response to the specific cold stimulation test (CST). In the atypical form (ACU) on the other hand, hives appear even in areas not directly exposed to the cold and the standard CST is negative so its diagnosis relies largely on patients clinical history. ACU comprises about 20% of all acquired CU, both in adults and in children, but data regarding this sub-type of CU are currently scarce and conflicting, especially in pediatric population. […] Atypical cold urticaria should be suspected in all cases of anaphylaxis related to cold exposure (i.e. contact with water) with a negative cold stimulation test.

• #23 Anaphylaxis in atypical cold urticaria: case report and review of literature | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-018-0578-6

  The systemic form of ACU is rare, but it should be promptly recognized because it is usually characterized by more severe reactions than TCU. Unlikely, its diagnosis is often challenging because of the lack of specific diagnostic tests and because it can be precipitated by many different sources, kinds and degrees of cold. […] It is by now recognized that in TCU, generalized exposure to the cold (for example, falling into cold water) can cause severe systemic symptoms, including hypotension.

• #24 Urticaria – Kaplan AP (Updated 2019)

  https://www.worldallergy.org/component/content/article/urticaria-kaplan-ap-updated-2019?catid=16&Itemid=101

  Idiopathic cold urticaria is characterized by the rapid onset of pruritus, erythema, and swelling after exposure to a cold stimulus. The location of the swelling is confined to those parts of the body that have been exposed. […] When suspected, an ice-cube test can be performed in which an ice cube is placed on the subject’s forearm for 4-5 minutes. A positive reaction leads to formation of a hive in the shape of the ice cube within 10 minutes after the stimulus is removed. The time course of this reaction (i.e., cold challenge followed by hive formation as the area returns to body temperature) demonstrates that a two-step reaction has occurred in which exposure to cold is a prerequisite, but hive formation actually occurs as the temperature increases. […] One proposal to explain this phenomenon is that patients have an IgE autoantibody to a cold-induced skin antigen.

• #25 ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS WITH COLD URTICARIA IN THE CONTEXT OF TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL FORMS. · 研飞ivySCI

  https://www.ivysci.com/articles/3566008__ANALYSIS_OF_PATIENTS_WITH_COLD_URTICARIA_IN_THE_CONTEXT_OF_TYPICAL_AND_ATYPICAL_FORMS

  BACKGROUND: Cold urticaria is characterized by hives and/or angioedema and/or systemic reactions in response to a cold stimulus. […] AIM: To analyze a cohort of patients with isolated cold urticaria and the characteristics of patients with typical and atypical cold urticaria. […] RESULTS: The predominance of female gender, young age of disease onset, high prevalence of angioedema, high incidence of cold anaphylaxis, and atopy are noted in patients with cold urticaria. […] CONCLUSION: Cold anaphylaxis is a significant problem, especially in countries with cold climates. There are a number of factors that distinguish typical cold urticaria from atypical cold urticaria. Further research is needed on cold urticaria and the associated factors.

• #26 Cold Urticaria. Characterizing the population from an urticaria outpatient clinic | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://www.actasdermo.org/es-cold-urticaria-characterizing-population-from-articulo-S1578219021001827

  The assessment of CTT and CsTT in patients with ColdU is recommended and widely used allowing physicians to better advise patients in trigger avoidance, monitor efficacy and adjust dosage of antihistamines. […] Cold avoidance and 2nd generation H1-antihistamines (1st and 2nd line) are the standard treatment.

• #27 Am I Experiencing Cold Urticaria (Hives)? | Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America

  https://community.aafa.org/db/ask-the-allergist/record/am-i-experiencing-cold-urticaria-hives

  Your history is very consistent with cold-induced hives. This condition involves itchy hives with or without swelling of the skin. The underlying cause is unknown. Typically, young adults are affected. This occurs in 0.05% of individuals and is seen more commonly in colder climates. This condition can resolve in up to 50% of patients. […] An allergist can perform testing to confirm the diagnosis, but the history is enough in most cases. Avoiding exposure to cold is the best prevention of reactions. This can be difficult at times. High-risk activities include swimming (e.g. cool or cold pools or lakes) and having cold drinks or foods. […] In summary, your history is very typical for cold urticaria.

• #28 Cold urticaria what we know and what we do not know

  https://bilastina.com/en/cold-urticaria-what-we-know-and-what-we-do-not-know/

  Cold urticaria is a subtype of chronic inducible urticaria, characterized by wheals and/or angioedema that occur after cold exposure. […] Recent studies and guidelines have progressed its understanding and management. […] Questions unanswered include cold urticaria epidemiology, underlying pathomechanisms, clinical heterogeneity, and treatment outcomes. […] An international multicenter observational prospective study COLD-CE is being conducted to globally improve the understanding of cold urticaria and cold anaphylaxis, with their pathophysiology representing a research priority.

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