Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Catarrh | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/lungs-and-airways/catarrh/

  Catarrh is usually caused by the immune system reacting to an infection or irritation. This causes the lining of your nose and throat to become swollen and produce mucus. […] This can be triggered by: a cold or other infections, hay fever or other types of allergic rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps. […] Its unclear what causes chronic catarrh, but its often the result of an allergy or infection. It may be linked to an: abnormality in the way mucus travels within the nose, increased sensitivity to mucus in the back of the nose and throat.

• #2 Catarrh

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/catarrh/

  Catarrh is your body’s natural reaction to things like infection. […] Causes of catarrh include: infections like cold, flu and sinusitis, pollution and cigarette smoke, allergic reactions to things like pollen, dust and animals, conditions that affect the nose, such as nasal polyps.

• #3 Catarrh: symptoms, causes and treatments – HSE.ie

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/catarrh/

  Catarrh usually occurs when the immune system reacts to an infection or irritation. This causes the lining of your nose and throat to become swollen and produce mucus. […] Triggers include: a cold or other infection, hay fever or other types of allergic rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps. […] It’s unclear what causes chronic catarrh, but it’s not thought to be the result of an allergy or infection. It might be from a problem in the way mucus travels through the nose. It could also be caused by a sensitivity to mucus in the back of the nose and throat.

• #4 Marvels of Mucus and Phlegm | NIH News in Health

  https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/marvels-mucus-phlegm

  Mucus is very important for filtering out materials that you breathe in through your nose, such as dust and allergens and microorganisms, says Dr. Andrew Lane, an ear, nose, and throat expert at Johns Hopkins University. Anything that you breathe in gets stuck in the mucus, like flypaper. […] An infection can make mucus thicker and stickier. Infections also lead to heat, swelling, and redness caused by the body’s protective response to injury or infection. Inflammation in the mucous membranes that line the nose and the rest of your airway. This can cause certain airway organs that produce and release substances into the body. Glands to make more mucus. That mucus can get thick with bacteria and cells that arrive to fight the infection. That can stimulate even more mucus production. […] Allergies can also cause your body to make extra mucus. When you have an allergy, your immune system overreacts to a harmless substance, like pollen, dust, or animal dander. Cells in your airway then release substances, like histamine.

• #4 Marvels of Mucus and Phlegm | NIH News in Health

  https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/marvels-mucus-phlegm

  Your body usually makes thicker mucus when you have a cold (caused by viruses) or sinus infection (caused by bacteria). […] Most mucus problems are temporary. But producing too much mucus contributes to some serious conditions. This includes cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder that causes mucus in the lungs to become thick and glue-like. Boucher and his colleagues are working to find new treatments for cystic fibrosis and related lung diseases.

• #5 Understanding Catarrh in Adults and Children

  https://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/catarrh

  Catarrh is when mucus accumulates in your nose, throat, or sinuses. […] It’s believed that catarrh happens when your body responds to things like an infection or an irritant. This reaction can cause swelling in your nose and sinuses, leading to an increase in the amount of mucus that’s made. […] While it’s unclear what causes chronic catarrh, it’s believed to occur due to an increased awareness of and sensitivity to symptoms affecting the nose and throat. […] Catarrh is most commonly associated with the following factors: Infections. The common cold, the flu, and sinus infections can all lead to catarrh. […] People who have allergies may also experience catarrh. Some common allergens include things like pollen, dust, and pet dander. […] Things in your environment such as changes in the weather or being around irritants like cigarette smoke, fumes, or pollution can cause catarrh.

• #5 Understanding Catarrh in Adults and Children

  https://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/catarrh

  People with GERD may find that they experience catarrh. […] Nasal polyps or other abnormalities in the structure of the nose or sinuses may lead to catarrh. […] The changes in hormones that occur during puberty, during pregnancy, or from using oral contraceptives can cause catarrh. […] Eating spicy foods can lead to an increase in mucus production, leading you to experience transient (temporary) catarrh. […] Catarrh happens when mucus builds up in your nose, sinuses, or throat. It can affect both adults and children. You may also see catarrh referred to as postnasal drip. […] Catarrh is associated with a variety of factors, such as infections, allergies, and irritants.

• #6 Mucus in Your Chest: See 8 Causes (and How to Remedy It)

  https://www.webmd.com/covid/mucus-in-chest-overview

  Mucus is a normal part of the lungs. But smoking and other issues can cause too much mucus to collect there. […] Your body makes about a liter (approximately 1 quart) of mucus a day. But too much of it, especially if it’s in somewhere like your lungs, can be annoying and possibly a sign of a health problem. […] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes several lung diseases that can make it harder to breathe, like chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic bronchitis causes inflammation of the bronchial tubes and more mucus, both of which make it harder for your lungs to work. COPD is generally caused by long-term exposure to things that irritate the lungs, such as cigarette smoke, but people with asthma can also get it. […] Smoking increases the amount of mucus in your airways. That’s because nicotine paralyzes cilia, tiny hairs that line your lungs. Cilia normally help move mucus out of your lungs, so if they can’t do their job, the mucus will build up and get thicker.

• #6 Mucus in Your Chest: See 8 Causes (and How to Remedy It)

  https://www.webmd.com/covid/mucus-in-chest-overview

  Cystic fibrosis is an inherited condition from a faulty protein in the body that causes it to make thick, sticky mucus in the lungs and other organs. The mucus can cause blockages, infections, and damage to affected organs, like the lungs, as people age. […] Mucus is actually good for your body. It keeps your airways clear, filters out dust, and helps prevent infection. But too much mucus can be a sign of a health problem, like acid reflux, asthma, a cold, allergies, or an infection. Heavy smoking also produces mucus.

• #7 Catarrh: Definition, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/catarrh

  Catarrh, or postnasal drip, is the medical term for a buildup of mucus in the back of the nose, throat, or sinuses. […] Often, catarrh is the result of an intermittent or temporary illness, such as an allergy or cold. […] There are many potential causes of postnasal drip. They include: changes in weather conditions, eating spicy foods, hay fever, or allergic rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis, viruses, such as the common cold, sinus infection, nasal polyps, gastroesophageal reflux (GER), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hormone changes during pregnancy, certain medications. […] In children, having something stuck in the nose is a common cause of catarrh. […] The term catarrh refers to a buildup of mucus, usually in the back of the throat, nose, or sinuses. […] There are many potential causes of catarrh. In most cases, this symptom will go away once a person has recovered from the illness that was causing it. However, catarrh can sometimes be chronic, meaning that it may persist for months or years.

• #8 Runny nose

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/runny-nose/basics/causes/sym-20050640

  Anything that irritates the inside of the nose can cause a runny nose. Infections such as colds, flu or sinusitis and allergies often cause runny and stuffy noses. Some people have noses that run all the time without a known reason. This is called nonallergic rhinitis or vasomotor rhinitis. […] Causes of a runny nose include: Acute sinusitis, Allergies Injury, such as from a blunt trauma or burn, Chronic sinusitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Common cold, Decongestant nasal spray overuse, Deviated septum, Dry or cold air, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (a condition that causes inflammation of the blood vessels), Hormonal changes, Influenza (flu), Object in the nose, Medicines, such as those used to treat high blood pressure, erectile dysfunction, depression, seizures and other conditions, Nasal polyps, Nonallergic rhinitis, Pregnancy, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Tobacco smoke. […] Causes shown here are commonly associated with this symptom. Work with your doctor or other health care professional for an accurate diagnosis.

• #9 What Causes Excess Mucus?

  https://www.robitussin.com/cough-cold-center/what-causes-excess-mucus/

  When you’re sick, your body’s normal mucus production shifts into a new gear, and an infection can make that mucus thicker and stickier. Infections can also lead to swelling in the mucus membranes that line your nose and airway, which may lead to the production of more mucus. […] Apart from being sick with a virus or infection, allergens are a very common cause of excess mucus. The immune system overreacts to substances like dust or pet dander, causing your body to release histamines, which can make you sneeze. […] In addition to there being multiple reasons for an excess of mucus, there are also two different types of nasal secretion. If you’re fighting a pollen allergy or eating spicy food, the mucus produced by your nose will be thinner and more watery. If you’re fighting a virus or infection caused by bacteria, the mucus will be thicker.

• #10 Ear Catarrh: blockages and decongestion | Amplifon UK

  https://www.amplifon.com/uk/ear-diseases-and-disorders/other-hearing-problems/ear-catarrh

  Catarrh is usually caused by the immune system reacting to an infection or irritation, which causes the lining of your nose and throat to become swollen and produce mucus. This can be triggered by: […] The main causes of catarrh in the ear are the same as the ones seen above, but in particular: […] The infectious agents that are most commonly involved in the process are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. The infection and the consequent formation of mucus in the middle ear is determined by the spread and development of the germs which, during an inflammation of the upper airways (nose and throat), through the Eustachian tube, reach the chest of the eardrum. […] Causes of chronic catarrh are still uncertain, but it is possible that the catarrh may be due more to an abnormality of the feeling in the lining of the back of the nose and the throat.

• #11 Phlegm in Throat: 11 Common Causes (& How to Treat) – Tua Saúde

  https://www.tuasaude.com/en/phlegm-in-throat/

  Phlegm in throat throat can also build-up with respiratory inflammation or infections, like tonsillitis, pharyngitis, or sinusitis, or even with GERD. […] Sinusitis is an inflammation of the nasal cavities, which are found around the nose and eyes. It is caused by allergies, as well as viral, fungal or bacterial infections, and results in the accumulation of phlegm in the throat. […] The presence of phlegm in the throat can also be caused by a tonsil infection from Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. […] Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa that can lead to accumulation of phlegm in the throat. […] Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharynx, which is located at the back of the throat. It can be caused by a viral infection, like adenovirus, rhinovirus or influenza, or a bacterial infection, like Streptococcus pyogenes.

• #11 Phlegm in Throat: 11 Common Causes (& How to Treat) – Tua Saúde

  https://www.tuasaude.com/en/phlegm-in-throat/

  Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) is the backflow of stomach content into the esophagus and mouth. This backflow of acid can irritate the tissues can cause pain, a bad taste in the mouth, an itchy throat and the sensation of phlegm in the throat. […] Exposure to irritating substances, like cigarette smoke and pollution, can irritate the throat and cause chronic inflammation. This can lead to an increase production and accumulation of phlegm in the throat. […] Some lung problems, like bronchitis, asthma or pneumonia, can increase mucus production in the lungs, and also cause nasal congestion and coughing up clear, yellow, gray or bloody phlegm.

• #12 Have a Stuffy and Runny Nose? Here’s What Causes It and How to Treat It – ENT

  https://healthmatters.nyp.org/have-a-stuffy-and-runny-nose-heres-what-causes-it-and-how-to-treat-it/

  Also, some people are prone to chronic sinusitis, which can cause thick or discolored mucus to form and cause stuffiness. […] Thick and discolored (yellow or green) mucus usually represents an infection, but contrary to popular belief, the color of mucus does not indicate that you need antibiotics. […] Viral infections of the nose and sinuses can also cause similar nasal discharge to occur.

• #13 What is catarrh and how to get rid of it | SUDAFED®

  https://www.sudafed.co.uk/what-catarrh-and-how-get-rid-it

  Catarrh is a build-up of mucus in an airway or cavity in your body, such as the sinuses, nose and throat. Its often temporary and can be caused by a cold, infection, nasal polyps, hay fever and other allergies. […] The causes of post nasal drip are similar to those of catarrh. These include allergies, a viral infection (such as a cold or flu) and sinus infections. Certain foods, cold temperatures, weather changes and dry air can also trigger it. […] The main catarrh causes are triggered by your immune system reacting to an infection or irritant. This can lead to the lining of your nose and throat swelling up and producing excess mucus that drips down the back of your throat. […] Common triggers and causes of post nasal drip and catarrh can include: The common cold, flu and other viral infections. Hay fever and allergies to dust, pet dander and other common allergens. Sinus infection or sinusitis. Non-allergic rhinitis. Nasal polyps.

• #13 What is catarrh and how to get rid of it | SUDAFED®

  https://www.sudafed.co.uk/what-catarrh-and-how-get-rid-it

  There are also other potential causes of post nasal drip and catarrh that arent related to infections or allergies. These may include hormone changes during puberty, pregnancy or from using oral contraceptives. Environmental factors such as weather changes, being surrounded by smoke, fumes, smog and pollution. Problems with nasal structure such as a deviated septum, which can cause problems with mucus drainage. Certain spicy foods that increase mucus production. […] The exact causes of chronic catarrh arent clear. Medical experts dont believe theyre related to allergies or infection, instead it could be due to an increased sensitivity to mucus or if it travels abnormally within the nose. […] Research has linked eating some foods with excess or thick mucus which may cause catarrh and post nasal drip. Spicy foods in particular could increase mucus production and lead to symptoms of catarrh. Eating foods that youre allergic to could be one reason for producing more mucus than usual.

• #14 Postnasal Drip: Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23082-postnasal-drip

  Postnasal drip has many causes, including allergies, infections, pregnancy, medications and GERD. […] One of the most frequent causes of postnasal drip is allergies, which is often called allergic postnasal drip. […] Another cause is a deviated septum. […] Other postnasal drip causes may include: Colds and flu, Bacterial infections, Sinus infections (sinusitis), Cold temperatures, changing weather and dryness in the air, Bright lights, Spicy foods, Pregnancy, Certain medicines, such as birth control pills and high blood pressure (hypertension) medications, Age, Chronic acid reflux (GERD). […] Treatment for postnasal drip caused by GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) may include: Avoiding foods and drinks for at least three hours before bedtime, Keeping your head elevated six inches to eight inches above your body at bedtime, Losing any excess weight, Cutting out caffeine and alcohol, Taking antacids such as TUMS or acid blockers such as Pepcid AC.

• #15 7 causes of mucus in throat | HealthShots

  https://www.healthshots.com/preventive-care/self-care/causes-of-mucus/

  Respiratory infections, such as the common cold, influenza, bronchitis, and pneumonia, are among the most prevalent causes of excess mucus. When the body detects the presence of pathogens like viruses or bacteria in the respiratory tract, it responds by increasing mucus production to trap and expel these invaders. […] Allergic reactions to airborne particles like pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or mold can trigger an inflammatory response in the nasal passages and sinuses. This inflammation stimulates the mucous membranes to produce more mucus as part of the body’s attempt to flush out the allergens. […] Postnasal drip occurs when excess mucus accumulates in the back of the throat and nasal passages, often due to conditions like allergies, sinusitis, or rhinitis. This excess mucus can irritate the throat, leading to coughing, throat clearing, and a lump in the throat.

• #15 7 causes of mucus in throat | HealthShots

  https://www.healthshots.com/preventive-care/self-care/causes-of-mucus/

  Smoking, including cigarettes, cigars, or vaping, can irritate the respiratory tract and impair its natural defense mechanism. The chemicals in tobacco smoke irritate the mucous membranes, causing them to produce more mucus as a protective response. Chronic smoking can increase the susceptibility to respiratory infections. […] GERD is a digestive disorder characterised by the reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn and chest pain. In some cases, this reflux can reach the upper respiratory tract, irritating the mucous membranes and triggering excessive mucus production. Chronic GERD-related inflammation may contribute to conditions like laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), where mucus production in the throat is heightened. […] Adequate hydration is essential for maintaining the proper viscosity of mucus. When the body is dehydrated, mucus can become thicker and stickier, making it more difficult to expel pathogens and irritants. Additionally, dehydration can impair the function of mucous membranes, reducing their ability to produce an adequate amount of mucus. […] When exposed to dry and cold weather, the lining of the nose becomes irritated and inflamed and produces more mucus.

• #16 Phlegm: Causes and How To Get Rid of It

  https://www.health.com/phlegm-7496034

  Phlegm, or sputum, is a slimy, slippery substance found in your throat and lungs. It helps keep your respiratory system healthy: Phlegm helps trap bacteria and other harmful particles so they do not enter your body. […] A higher-than-normal amount of phlegm can build up in your nose, throat, and lungs when you are sick. This build-up may cause coughing and discomfort. Bloody, brown, white, yellow, or green phlegm may be a sign of an underlying condition or infection. […] You typically do not notice phlegm until your body starts to produce too much of it due to an infection. Your airway glands create thicker and stickier mucus to help fight off harmful germs. […] Allergies are another cause of excess phlegm. Allergens cause your immune system to overreact and produce histamine, which increases phlegm production.

• #17 Nonallergic rhinitis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonallergic-rhinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351229

  The exact cause of nonallergic rhinitis is unknown. […] But experts do know that nonallergic rhinitis happens when blood vessels in the nose expand. These blood vessels fill the tissue that lines the inside of the nose. Many things could cause this. For instance, the nerve endings in the nose might react to triggers too easily. […] But any cause brings on the same result: swelling inside the nose, congestion or lots of mucus. […] Triggers of nonallergic rhinitis can include: […] Irritants in the air. These include dust, smog and cigarette smoke. Strong odors such as perfumes also can cause the symptoms to start. So can chemical fumes, including fumes some workers might get exposed to at their jobs. […] Weather. Changes in temperature or humidity can trigger swelling in the lining of the nose. This can cause a runny or stuffy nose.

• #17 Nonallergic rhinitis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonallergic-rhinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351229

  Infections. Illnesses caused by a virus often cause nonallergic rhinitis. These include a cold or the flu. […] Foods and drinks. Nonallergic rhinitis can happen when you eat. Hot or spicy foods are the main triggers. Drinking alcohol also can cause the tissue that lines the inside of the nose to swell. This can lead to a stuffy nose. […] Some medicines. These include aspirin and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others). High blood pressure medicines such as beta blockers also can cause symptoms. […] Hormone changes. These can be due to pregnancy, periods or birth control use. Hormone problems that may trigger nonallergic rhinitis include a condition that happens when the thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormone. This is called hypothyroidism. […] Issues linked with sleep. Lying on your back while you sleep can trigger nonallergic rhinitis. Acid reflux that happens overnight also can be a trigger.

• #18 Post-nasal drip: symptoms, causes and treatment – myDr.com.au

  https://mydr.com.au/respiratory-health/post-nasal-drip/

  Causes of post-nasal drip include several conditions. Rhinitis (inflammation of lining of the inside of your nose) is one of the most common causes of post-nasal drip. Rhinitis is often due to allergies (allergic rhinitis, also called hay fever) but can be caused by other things such as the common cold, hormonal changes and certain medicines. […] Sinusitis also commonly causes post-nasal drip and/or a runny nose (or blocked nose), as well as facial pain/pressure, cough and a loss of smell. Acute sinusitis is inflammation of the sinuses (cavities within the facial bones that surround your nose) usually due to a viral or bacterial infection. Chronic rhinosinusitis is when there is ongoing inflammation of the lining of the nose and sinuses, with symptoms lasting longer than 12 weeks. […] Post-nasal drip can also be caused by changes in temperature and humidity, which can affect the amount or thickness of mucus in the nose and throat. Cold weather can sometimes increase mucus production, and heating in winter can result in thickened mucus.

• #19

  https://med.uth.edu/orl/2020/01/09/post-nasal-drip/

  Causes of post-nasal drip can include: […] Bacterial infections […] Allergies […] Gastroesophageal reflux […] Various drugs (including birth control pills and high blood pressure medications) and irregular nose cartilage can also produce increased mucus. […] Thick secretions in winter often result from dryness in heated spaces. They can also come from sinus or nose infections and allergies, especially to foods such as dairy products. If thin secretions become thick, and turn green or yellow, it is possible that a bacterial sinus infection is developing.

• #20 WHAT IS CHRONIC CATARRH AND HOW TO GET RID OF IT 

  https://lungnsleepclinic.com/chronic-catarrh-symptoms/

  The main cause of chronic catarrh is not known, however some of the known causes are listed below. This can be triggered by: […] Sinus infection: Chronic sinusitis can result from a sinus infection or inflammation of the sinus lining. […] Catarrh generally comes from factors like allergies (such as pollen, and dust mites), irritants (such as smoke, and pollution), sinus infections, or non-allergic triggers. […] Different people can have different signs of chronic catarrh. In some cases, it might get better or go away on its own, but most of the time, it needs to be managed and treated to make the symptoms go away. […] Chronic catarrh can happen if you have signs like stuffy nose, too much mucus production, postnasal drip, and pain that goes along with it for a long time (usually more than 8 weeks).

• #21 Catarrh

  https://www.entuk.org/patients/conditions/37/catarrh/

  Catarrh doesnt seem to be caused by allergies. It is not due to anything unusual about the way mucus is transported inside the nose. It is possible that catarrh could be more due to an issue with the feeling in the lining of the back of the nose and the throat. […] There is a lot of uncertainty around chronic catarrh. This ranges from what it is to what causes it, which makes it difficult for doctors to manage.

• #22 Catarrh: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/diseases/catarrh/

  Chronic sinusitis, an inflammation of the sinuses, is another common cause of catarrh. When the sinuses are inflamed, mucus drainage is impaired, leading to its accumulation and subsequent catarrh. […] Exposure to environmental irritants such as smoke, pollution, or strong odours can irritate the respiratory tract and cause catarrh. Changes in weather or humidity levels can also contribute to the condition. […] Catarrh is caused by inflammation of the mucous membranes, often due to infections, allergies, or irritants like smoke and pollution.

• #23 Chronic Rhinorrhea (Runny Nose) – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/services/ear-nose-throat/conditions/chronic-rhinorrhea.html

  Non-allergic rhinitis: Mucus can result from a nasal reaction to an irritant like smoke or pollution, or the body’s reaction to other stimuli like cold weather or hot food. […] Large/swollen turbinates: The bones along the inside the nose (turbinates) can swell due to allergies or infections and result in nasal obstruction. […] Nasal polyps: Grape-like growths in the lining of the nose. […] Nasal cysts or tumors: Rarely, obstruction is from benign or malignant tumors, or cysts, more commonly seen when the symptoms affect only one side of the nose. […] Deviated nasal septum: The right and left sides of the nose are separated by a wall made of bone and cartilage called the nasal septum. At times, the septum can lean more to one side, causing obstruction on that side. This deformity can be present at birth or a result of trauma to the nose later in life.

• #24 What Is Postnasal Drip: Sore Throat From Sinus Drainage

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/postnasal-drip

  What Causes Postnasal Drip? The excess mucus that triggers it has many possible causes, including: […] Allergies, also called allergic postnasal drip […] Sinus infection or sinusitis, which is an inflammation of the sinuses […] Certain medications, including some for birth control and blood pressure […] Deviated septum, which is the crooked placement of the wall that separates your two nostrils, or some other problem with the structure of the nose that affects the sinuses […] Fumes from chemicals, perfumes, cleaning products, smoke, or other irritants. […] Sometimes the problem isn’t that you’re producing too much mucus, but that it’s not being cleared away. Swallowing problems can cause a buildup of liquids in the throat, which can feel like postnasal drip. These problems can sometimes occur because of a blockage or conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, also known as GERD.

• #25 Mucus in Throat: Causes and Treatments- K Health

  https://khealth.com/learn/mucus/mucus-in-throat/

  An overproduction of mucus is brought on by a wide range of illnesses, including bacterial infections, viral infections, allergies, and lung diseases. […] Acid reflux irritates the throat and causes excess production of mucus in the throat and nasal passages resulting in a sensation of postnasal drip, as your esophagus tries to clear out the acid. […] When you have an allergic reaction to a food or something in the environment like dust, pollen, or dander, your immune system kicks into overdrive to produce mucus that will help expel the irritant. […] Bacterial and viral infections such as influenza, bronchitis, and pneumonia can cause your airways to produce extra mucus. […] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a broad term for a host of lung diseases that can make it harder to breathe.

• #25 Mucus in Throat: Causes and Treatments- K Health

  https://khealth.com/learn/mucus/mucus-in-throat/

  When your body becomes dehydrated, mucus may thicken and tiny hairs called cilia, lining many internal organs, have a hard time pushing the mucus through your body, causing it to feel stuck and difficult for you to cough it up. […] A dry environment can be caused by air conditioning, central heating, or an extremely dry climate, leading to dehydration. […] Caffeine, found in coffee, black tea, and energy drinks, can lead to dehydration, which can contribute to the thickening of mucus produced by the cells in nasal and respiratory passages. […] Tobacco smoke can irritate the lungs and cause a range of symptoms including chest pain, wheezing, and coughing.

• #26 Catarrh | NICS Well

  https://www.nicswell.co.uk/conditions-and-treatments/catarrh

  Catarrh is usually caused by the immune system reacting to an infection or irritation, which causes the lining of your nose and throat to become swollen and produce mucus. […] It’s unclear what causes chronic catarrh, but it’s not thought to be the result of an allergy or infection. […] It may be related to an abnormality in the way mucus travels within the nose or an increased sensitivity to mucus in the back of the nose and throat.

• #27 Catarrh – ENT Consultant – ENT Surgery – London – Essex

  https://www.bajaj.org.uk/catarrh

  Catarrh is a condition that is very common but yet very difficult to describe well. […] We dont know what causes people to experience chronic catarrh. Research suggests that it is not related to allergy, nor is it due to any abnormality of the way mucus is transported within the nose. […] It is possible that the catarrh may be due more to an abnormality of the feeling in the lining of the back of the nose and the throat. This may explain why so many patients find it difficult to spit out the mucus that they are sensing at the back of the throat.

• #28 Catarrh | ENT Condition | OneWelbeck

  https://onewelbeck.com/conditions/catarrh/

  Most people will experience catarrh as a symptom of the common cold, which alleviates quite quickly, but others can suffer from it more persistently and for several years at a time. […] Chronic catarrh can feel like constantly having a cold without any of the other usual symptoms. […] While it’s commonly associated with allergies or infections, recent research suggests that the underlying causes may be more complex. […] Here’s a breakdown of the potential factors contributing to catarrh: […] Research indicates that catarrh might be linked to abnormalities in the nerves that sense the presence of mucus in the back of the nose and throat. This could lead to a perception of excess mucus, even when there’s only a normal amount. […] Chronic inflammation in the nasal passages can contribute to catarrh. This inflammation can lead to increased mucus production and a feeling of congestion.

• #28 Catarrh | ENT Condition | OneWelbeck

  https://onewelbeck.com/conditions/catarrh/

  Unfortunately, there is no definitive cure for catarrh. However, many cases can be effectively managed with appropriate treatment and lifestyle modifications. […] You can reduce the likelihood of developing catarrh by practicing good hygiene, staying up-to-date with vaccinations, managing allergies, strengthening your immune system, avoiding irritants, staying hydrated, and using a humidifier.

• #28 Catarrh | ENT Condition | OneWelbeck

  https://onewelbeck.com/conditions/catarrh/

  Exposure to irritants like pollutants, allergens, or certain medications can trigger or exacerbate chronic inflammation. […] Emotional factors can play a role in catarrh. Anxiety and stress can lead to increased tension in the facial muscles, which can affect nasal breathing and contribute to a feeling of congestion. […] In some cases, acid reflux can irritate the back of the throat and nasal passages, leading to symptoms similar to catarrh. […] It’s important to note that these are just a few potential causes of catarrh, and the specific factors contributing to the condition may vary from person to person. […] Unfortunately, there is no cure for chronic catarrh. Some sufferers find partial relief from their symptoms by using saline nasal rinses, which can be purchased over the counter or made at home.

• #29 Chronic Rhinitis | Nasal Treatment | North Dallas ENT

  https://northdallasent.com/chronic-rhinitis/

  Chronic rhinitis has many possible causes and is categorized into three areas including: […] Other causes of chronic rhinitis may include nasal obstructions, such as a deviated septum, a nasal polyp, or a foreign body (particularly in children), which can lead to congestion. […] Vasomotor rhinitis is associated with changes in the central nervous systems control of the blood vessels in the nose. This overactive nerve in the nose stimulates the lining of the nose to become congested, runny, and have postnasal drip.

• #30 Consult Doctors Online, Anytime. – Catarrh symptoms, causes & treament

  https://www.thomsonclinic.com/health-blog/catarrh-symptoms-causes-treament

  Catarrh is usually caused by the immune system reacting to an infection or irritation, which causes the lining of your nose and throat to become swollen and produce mucus. […] The cause of chronic catarrh is still unclear, but it’s not thought to be the result of an allergy or infection. […] It may be related to an abnormality in the way mucus travels within the nose or increased sensitivity to mucus in the back of the nose and throat.

• #31 Catarrh and its Causes, Symptoms and Treatment – Earth’s Lab

  https://www.earthslab.com/health-and-medicine/catarrh/

  Mucus is a natural product of the body and protects against infection by trapping germs. […] Catarrh is more common in smokers and those working in dusty atmospheres. Excessive alcohol and constant emotional stress also contribute to chronic catarrh by affecting the lining that secretes the mucus, causing overproduction. […] If the mucus is very heavy, persistent and yellow or green it is reasonable to have an antibiotic. […] In auricular therapy mucus is held to be a byproduct of a weak digestion, so the treatment aims to strengthen the function of both the digestive system and the lungs.

• #32 Mucus hypersecretion in asthma: causes and effects

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2709596/

  Autopsy studies in Germany in the 1880s first identified widespread airway mucus plugging as a central cause of death from asthma. […] The role of mucus hypersecretion in airway hyperresponsiveness relative to closure from other causes and airway narrowing remains to be fully defined. […] The resemblance between allergic asthma and parasitic worm (helminth) infestation of the lungs has been frequently noted. […] The role of mucin hypersecretion in death from asthma has long been recognized, but its contributions to symptoms, signs, and pathophysiology in less severe asthma are subjects of ongoing investigation.

• #33 Post nasal drip: Causes, symptoms and treatments | Northwell Health

  https://www.northwell.edu/news/insights/post-nasal-drip-causes-symptoms-treatments

  Post-nasal drip causes […] In these cases, several different conditions may be to blame, including allergies, colds, flu, sinus infections, fumes, smoke, dust, very cold air, or even chronic acid reflux. […] Age is a factor as well. The mucosa atrophies as we age, which can cause thicker mucus that is more bothersome, says Dr. Bruni. Also, the mucociliary clearance, which is how mucus and irritants are moved out the airways, slows as we age. That can lead to mucus sitting around longer, causing more inflammation and complaints.

• #34 CHRONIC CATARRH: ITS SYMPTOMS, CAUSES AND EFFECTS.; A FEW PRACTICAL REMARKS BY DR. LIGHTHILL, Author of

  https://www.nytimes.com/1865/03/03/archives/chronic-catarrh-its-symptoms-causes-and-effects-a-few-practical.html

  In fact, whatever debilitates the system or vitiates the constitution, favors the development of catarrh. Its great prevalence in this country is owing to the sudden and frequent changes of the weather and temperature, to the extensive travel by rail where persons are confined in dusty, badly-ventilated, over-crowded and overheated cars. […] Catarrh has been considered an incurable disease, and on the strength of that supposition, has been neglected by both the profession and the public. […] By the established success of the treatment as instituted and perfected by him, he has proved beyond dispute the curability of catarrh, if properly treated.

• #35 Overproduction of Mucus And What To Do | SmartVest

  https://smartvest.com/blog/overproduction-of-mucus/

  Genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis can cause thick, sticky mucus to gather in the lungs. […] Poor airway clearance can make mucus thicker and more challenging to clear, leading to a buildup in the lungs. […] Persistent mucus overproduction can indicate chronic conditions like bronchiectasis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Identifying these early can improve treatment outcomes. […] Treat chronic conditions that may contribute to mucus overproduction, including allergies.

• #36 Catarrh (Postnasal Drip): Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, Prevention

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/ear-nose-and-throat/catarrh

  Catarrh, or postnasal drip, involves mucus buildup in nasal or throat passages. […] This article explains what catarrh is, its causes and symptoms, home remedies and medical treatments, and how doctors treat it. […] Sometimes, mucus can build up in the back of the throat, sinuses, and back of the nose. This is catarrh or what doctors commonly refer to as postnasal drip. […] Catarrh is often temporary but can also last for months or years. This is called chronic catarrh. […] The treatment that works best depends on the cause of your catarrh. […] Medical treatment for catarrh depends on the cause, including: […] You and a doctor may determine a possible cause of catarrh from one of two categories. […] If you have thin and transparent secretions, this may be due to: […] On the other hand, if you have thick secretions, this may be due to: […] If you notice thin secretions that become thick and green or yellow, this indicates that you may have a bacterial sinus infection.

• #37 Chronic Cough: Practice Essentials, Mechanism of Cough, Causes of Chronic Cough

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1048560-overview

  The etiologies of chronic cough are numerous and may include pathology from the nose and nasopharynx to the distal bronchial tree. Obvious causes such as smoking and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use can be easily ascertained from the history. After this, the challenge for the clinician lies in how to efficiently and systematically evaluate the patient without an overly exhaustive workup. Further compounding this is the fact that oftentimes more than one condition is simultaneously present. […] Prospective studies have shown that 3 conditions account for the etiologic cause of chronic cough in 92-100% of immunocompetent, nonsmoking patients with normal chest radiograph findings. In order of frequency, they are as follows: Upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), previously referred to as postnasal drip syndrome (PNDS), Asthma, Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). These 3 conditions make up what is called the pathogenic triad of chronic cough.

• #37 Chronic Cough: Practice Essentials, Mechanism of Cough, Causes of Chronic Cough

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1048560-overview

  A fourth etiology that deserves mention is nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (NAEB), which is relatively common, easy to diagnose and treat, and should be considered early on in the diagnostic evaluation. […] Another way to categorize the etiologies is to draw a distinction between cough due to eosinophilic airway diseases (asthma and NAEB) and noneosinophilic chronic cough. Eosinophilic airway diseases have airway inflammation due to eosinophils, which can be diagnosed by raised induced sputum eosinophil counts and increased exhaled nitric oxide levels. They are also associated with good steroid responsiveness. […] The physician who focuses on diagnosing and treating these conditions can be very successful at treating chronic cough. […] NAEB has been implicated as an etiology of chronic cough in 13-33% of patients. It is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the bronchial tree as well as the absence of variable airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness. This disease is highly responsive to inhaled corticosteroids.

• #38 Phlegm Cheat Sheet: Recognizing Normal and Concerning Colors and Consistencies

  https://www.unitypoint.org/news-and-articles/phlegm-cheat-sheet-recognizing-normal-and-concerning-colors-and-consistencies

  Phlegm, the ooey gooey gook living in your upper respiratory system, gives helpful clues about whats going on with your health. […] Dr. Lindsay says both acute and chronic conditions produce phlegm. Some common acute conditions include: Upper respiratory infection, Bronchitis, Pneumonia, Sinus infection, Environmental irritants. […] Some chronic conditions that cause the body to produce more phlegm include: Allergies, Sinusitis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Asthma and related conditions that fall under the umbrella of inflammatory lung diseases. […] Another common condition that can be acute or chronic, where people cough and bring up phlegm, is gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), says Dr. Lindsay. […] For chronic conditions that cause phlegm, Dr. Lindsay says a telltale sign of poorly controlled, or exacerbated, asthma is when a person coughs up hard, sticky chunks of phlegm. […] The big thing to pay attention to is if you dont normally cough up a lot of phlegm then all of a sudden you are thats concerning and something you should talk to your pulmonologist or primary care doctor about, he says.

• #39 Phlegm and mucus | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/symptoms-tests-treatments/symptoms/phlegm

  Phlegm is the specific name for the mucus that you cough up from your lungs. Your healthcare professional might call it sputum. Phlegm protects your airways and lungs. […] Coughing up phlegm doesn’t always mean you have a lung condition. There are other common causes including: colds, viruses, infections, allergies, air pollution, catarrh a build-up of mucus in your nose and sinuses, smoking. […] But some people with lung conditions, like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, or lung cancer find they produce more phlegm. […] Coughing up more phlegm than usual could be a sign of inflammation in your airways or a flare-up of your lung condition. […] If you have a lung condition, it’s important to understand how to prevent, treat and manage excess phlegm as this will help you manage your lung condition well.

• #40 Understanding Mucus in Your Lungs | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/blog/lungs-mucus

  Mucus in the lungs is known as phlegm or sputum. It is a common symptom in chronic lung diseases such as COPD (including chronic bronchitis and emphysema), cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, NTM lung disease or asthma. […] More than just an unpleasant nuisance, mucus that collects in your airways can make breathing more difficult and increase your risk of infection, which can further damage your lungs. […] Many people living with COPD, especially those who smoke and may not have yet been diagnosed with COPD, develop progressively more cough and mucus and initially discount it as normal, smokers cough, says Irina Petrache, MD, Chief of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine at National Jewish Health. […] Coughing up mucus is not normal, and it should raise the alarm that something is wrong. […] If you are experiencing excess mucus production, there are steps you can take to help prevent and clear the mucus in your lungs. […] Smoking produces thicker mucus and increases the amount of mucus in the airways. […] Your healthcare provider may recommend medication.

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