Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Rheumatic Fever Nursing Care Management and Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/rheumatic-fever/

  Rheumatic fever is a systemic inflammatory condition that arises as a complication of untreated or inadequately managed streptococcal throat infections, particularly group A streptococcus. […] Nursing care for a child with rheumatic fever includes: […] Nursing assessments for a child with rheumatic fever are as follows: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are: […] The major nursing care planning goals for rheumatic fever are: […] Nursing interventions for a child with rheumatic fever include: […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation in a child with rheumatic fever includes:

• #2 Rheumatic Fever: Causes, Symptoms (Rash) & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16616-rheumatic-fever

  Rheumatic fever treatment first focuses on getting rid of the bacterial infection. Treatments then address inflammation inside your childs body. […] Treatment for rheumatic fever may include: […] Healthcare providers prescribe antibiotics to treat the underlying bacterial infection. Some antibiotics are one injection (shot). Others your child takes by mouth for a week or more. […] Your childs provider will likely recommend a medication to reduce inflammation throughout your childs body. This medication may also relieve symptoms such as joint pain. For severe symptoms, your childs provider may prescribe a stronger medication (corticosteroids). […] Rheumatic fever can affect people in different ways. Your childs provider may recommend other treatments based on how the condition affects them. In severe cases, your child may need heart surgery or joint treatments to treat serious complications. […] If your childs been diagnosed with rheumatic fever, their provider may prescribe a long-term antibiotic (monthly injections of penicillin). This can help prevent future bouts of strep throat and prevent recurrences of rheumatic fever.

• #3

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh3504

  Rheumatic fever is a disease that can harm the heart, joints, skin, and brain. It can occur after a child has had strep throat or scarlet fever that has not been treated. It does not spread to others. […] Your child may need to take medicine to reduce pain and swelling. If the heart valves are damaged, your child may need more treatment. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your child’s treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if your child is having problems. […] Make sure your child gets enough rest. […] Have your child take medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think your child is having a problem with a medicine. […] If the doctor prescribed antibiotics for your child, give them as directed. Do not stop using them just because your child feels better. Your child needs to take the full course of antibiotics.

• #4 Pediatric rheumatic fever – Children’s Health Primary Care

  https://www.childrens.com/specialties-services/conditions/rheumatic-fever

  Rheumatic fever isnt an infection itself. First, the child is infected by group A streptococcus bacteria, which is responsible for strep throat and scarlet fever. […] When a child isnt treated for a strep bacterial infection in time, the body can develop an inflammatory response where the bacteria will attack healthy tissue. The most serious concern is damage to the heart. Joints can also be inflamed. […] If children are treated promptly with antibiotics to wipe out the strep bacterial infection, they reduce their chance of rheumatic fever. […] Symptoms of rheumatic fever can occur throughout the body and include: Abdominal pain, Chest pain, Fever, Heart problems, Joint swelling and pain, Lumps on the skin, Nosebleed, Ring-shaped or snake-like skin rash on the trunk and upper part of the arms or legs, Shortness of breath. […] A group A streptococcus bacterial infection most likely strep that isnt treated properly causes rheumatic fever. Genetics may also play a role, making some children more susceptible to it.

• #5 Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/rheumatic-fever-and-rheumatic-heart-disease

  Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disorder caused by a Group A strep throat infection. It affects the connective tissue of the body, causing temporary, painful arthritis and other symptoms. […] In some cases, rheumatic fever causes long-term damage to the heart and its valves. This is called rheumatic heart disease. […] Carditis: inflammation of the heart muscle and heart tissue. Carditis can cause a rapid heart rate, fatigue, shortness of breath and exercise intolerance. This is the most serious of the symptoms and may have long-term effects on health. Carditis occurs in approximately 50 percent of those who have rheumatic fever. […] Penicillin, aspirin and other medicines are used to treat rheumatic fever. Children will also have to stay on a low dose of penicillin for years to reduce the risk of recurrence. It’s very important to prevent a recurrence because of the risk of more damage to the heart. […] Children and teens who have serious rheumatic heart disease will need to see a cardiologist regularly for the rest of their lives. The doctor will check heart function so that if problems develop, they can be addressed as quickly as possible.

• #6 Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/rheumatic-fever-and-rheumatic-heart-disease

  Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disorder caused by a Group A strep throat infection. It affects the connective tissue of the body, causing temporary, painful arthritis and other symptoms. […] In some cases, rheumatic fever causes long-term damage to the heart and its valves. This is called rheumatic heart disease. […] Carditis: inflammation of the heart muscle and heart tissue. Carditis can cause a rapid heart rate, fatigue, shortness of breath and exercise intolerance. This is the most serious of the symptoms and may have long-term effects on health. Carditis occurs in approximately 50 percent of those who have rheumatic fever. […] Penicillin, aspirin and other medicines are used to treat rheumatic fever. Children will also have to stay on a low dose of penicillin for years to reduce the risk of recurrence. It’s very important to prevent a recurrence because of the risk of more damage to the heart. […] Children and teens who have serious rheumatic heart disease will need to see a cardiologist regularly for the rest of their lives. The doctor will check heart function so that if problems develop, they can be addressed as quickly as possible.

• #7 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rheumatic Fever | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-rheumatic-fever

  Patient Education and Empowerment: Objective: Develop skills in patient education to empower individuals and their families with information about rheumatic fever, its management, and the importance of adherence to prescribed treatments and follow-up care. […] The desired outcomes focus on both the acute management of the current episode and the prevention of future occurrences, with a particular emphasis on protecting cardiac health and ensuring an improved quality of life for the individual affected by rheumatic fever. […] Regular and comprehensive assessments are crucial for identifying the extent of involvement, monitoring disease progression, and tailoring the nursing care plan to address the specific needs of the patient with rheumatic fever. […] Implementation strategies aim to address the underlying infection, manage symptoms, and promote overall health and well-being. Close collaboration with the healthcare team is essential for coordinating care and ensuring a comprehensive approach to the treatment of rheumatic fever. […] The best way to prevent rheumatic fever is to fully treat strep infections as they occur. Incomplete or no treatment can lead to rheumatic fever. […] Patient will need routine follow up with cardiology as symptoms of valve damage may not fully appear until later in life.

• #8 Rheumatic fever | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/rheumatic-fever-final/62527793

  Acute rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can affect the heart, joints, brain, and skin. It occurs as a complication of untreated strep throat infection. […] Nursing care focuses on reducing fever, monitoring the heart for damage, maintaining activity, and educating patients about prevention and management of the disease. […] Nursing assessment Subjective data: Important health information Functional health patterns Objective data: General Integumentary Cardiovascular Neurologic Musculoskeletal. […] Nursing interventions Reducing fever Administer penicillin therapy to eradicate the hemolytic streptococcus. Give salicylates or NSAIDS as prescribed to suppress the rheumatic activity controlling toxic manifestations to reduce fever and relieve joint pain. Assess for effectiveness of drug therapy.

• #9 Rheumatic fever in a developed country – is it still relevant? A retrospective, 25 years follow-up | Pediatric Rheumatology | Full Text

  https://ped-rheum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12969-022-00678-7

  Rheumatic fever (RF) is an inflammatory process triggered by group A beta hemolytic streptococcal (GAS) tonsillopharyngitis. Diagnosis depends on the presence of two major Jones criteria or one major and two minor criteria, with the abovementioned GAS infection being a prerequisite to diagnosis. The cardiac system is not the most often involved, but it is the most important in terms of morbidity and mortality. […] RF and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) pose a global health burden, with an estimated 470,000 new cases of acute RF per year, of which 60% lead to rheumatic heart disease. […] The long duration of hospitalization (mean 8.836.91 days) emphasizes the previously reported, substantial health and financial strain commencing in the acute phase of this disease. […] More than half the patients (57%) had a history of pharyngitis, of which 64% received inadequate or no antibiotic therapy, highlighting the importance of adherence to primary prophylaxis regimen.

• #10 Rheumatic Fever Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/rheumatic-fever-nursing-diagnosis/

  Monitor Vital Signs: Check temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, and blood pressure, Note any cardiac irregularities, Document the presence of murmurs, Monitor for signs of heart failure. […] Assess Joint Involvement: Document the location and severity of joint pain, Monitor joint swelling and redness, Assess range of motion, Note migration patterns of arthritis. […] Evaluate Cardiac Status: Auscultate heart sounds, Monitor for new murmurs, Assess activity tolerance, Check for signs of heart failure, Monitor ECG changes. […] Check for Neurological Symptoms: Assess for chorea, Monitor emotional changes, Document behavioral alterations, Evaluate muscle control. […] Monitor Treatment Response: Track antibiotic compliance, Assess inflammation markers, Monitor symptom improvement, Document side effects.

• #11 Rheumatic Fever Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/rheumatic-fever-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for Decreased Cardiac Output related to inflammatory process affecting heart valves as evidenced by tachycardia, heart murmurs, and decreased exercise tolerance. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor vital signs and cardiac rhythm Rationale: Identifies early signs of cardiac dysfunction, Assess for signs of heart failure Rationale: Enables early intervention for cardiac complications, Implement activity restrictions Rationale: Reduces cardiac workload. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will maintain stable cardiac output, The patient will demonstrate improved exercise tolerance, The patient will remain free from heart failure symptoms. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Acute Pain related to joint inflammation as evidenced by verbal reports of pain, joint swelling, and limited mobility.

• #12 Rheumatic Fever Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/rheumatic-fever-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Administer anti-inflammatory medications Rationale: Reduces inflammation and pain, Apply heat/cold therapy Rationale: Provides comfort and reduces inflammation, Position affected joints properly Rationale: Minimizes stress on joints. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will report decreased pain levels, The patient will demonstrate improved joint mobility, The patient will use pain management techniques effectively. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Hyperthermia related to inflammatory response as evidenced by elevated temperature and increased metabolic rate. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor temperature regularly Rationale: Tracks fever progression, Implement cooling measures Rationale: Helps reduce body temperature, Encourage adequate hydration Rationale: Prevents dehydration.

• #13 Rheumatic Fever Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/rheumatic-fever-nursing-diagnosis/

  Desired Outcomes: The patient will maintain a normal temperature, The patient will demonstrate adequate hydration, The patient will report improved comfort. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Activity Intolerance related to joint pain and cardiac involvement as evidenced by fatigue and decreased exercise capacity. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Plan activities with rest periods Rationale: Prevents overexertion, Assist with ADLs as needed Rationale: Conserves energy, Monitor activity response Rationale: Prevents complications. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will demonstrate improved activity tolerance, The patient will maintain a balance between rest and activity, The patient will perform ADLs independently. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for Infection related to susceptibility to recurrent streptococcal infection as evidenced by history of rheumatic fever.

• #14 Rheumatic Fever Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/rheumatic-fever-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Administer prophylactic antibiotics Rationale: Prevents recurrence, Monitor for signs of infection Rationale: Enables early intervention, Teach infection prevention Rationale: Reduces risk of reinfection. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will remain free from streptococcal infection, The patient will demonstrate an understanding of prevention measures, The patient will comply with prophylactic treatment.

• #15 4 Acute Rheumatic Fever Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/acute-rheumatic-fever-nursing-care-plans/

  Rheumatic Fever Nursing Care Plans and Nursing Diagnosis […] This article discusses nursing care plans and management for patients with acute rheumatic fever, a serious inflammatory condition that affects the heart, joints, and other organs. Learn about the essential components of nursing care for this condition, nursing diagnosis, nursing goals, and nursing interventions, and how nurses can provide effective care for patients with acute rheumatic fever. […] Nursing care planning goals for a child with acute rheumatic fever include reducing pain, conserving energy, promoting activity tolerance, and providing education about the disease, treatment, and preventive measures needed to avoid recurrence and possible complications. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with acute rheumatic fever: […] Educate patients and families on adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis and recognizing symptoms.

• #16 Rheumatic Fever Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/rheumatic-fever-nursing-diagnosis/

  Rheumatic fever is a serious inflammatory disease that can develop after an infection with Streptococcus bacteria (strep throat). This nursing diagnosis focuses on identifying and treating symptoms, preventing complications, and managing long-term cardiac effects. […] Rheumatic fever presents with distinctive signs and symptoms that nurses must recognize for proper diagnosis and treatment. […] The following outcomes indicate successful management of rheumatic fever: The patient will remain free from cardiac complications, The patient will demonstrate improved joint mobility, The patient will maintain a normal temperature, The patient will show no signs of chorea, The patient will comply with long-term antibiotic prophylaxis, The patient will verbalize understanding of the disease process, The patient will maintain adequate activity tolerance.

• #17 Rheumatic Fever Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/rheumatic-fever-nursing-diagnosis/

  Rheumatic fever is a serious inflammatory disease that can develop after an infection with Streptococcus bacteria (strep throat). This nursing diagnosis focuses on identifying and treating symptoms, preventing complications, and managing long-term cardiac effects. […] Rheumatic fever presents with distinctive signs and symptoms that nurses must recognize for proper diagnosis and treatment. […] The following outcomes indicate successful management of rheumatic fever: The patient will remain free from cardiac complications, The patient will demonstrate improved joint mobility, The patient will maintain a normal temperature, The patient will show no signs of chorea, The patient will comply with long-term antibiotic prophylaxis, The patient will verbalize understanding of the disease process, The patient will maintain adequate activity tolerance.

• #18 Acute Rheumatic Fever Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/333103-treatment

  Treatment strategies for acute rheumatic fever (ARF) can be divided into the following: […] The primary goal of treating an ARF attack is to eradicate streptococcal organisms and bacterial antigens from the pharyngeal region. […] Aspirin is recommended for all patients with arthritis or mild carditis. […] Corticosteroids should be reserved for the treatment of moderate to severe carditis. […] Mild heart failure usually responds to rest and corticosteroid therapy. […] Sydenham chorea requires long-term antimicrobial prophylaxis, even if no other manifestations of rheumatic fever evolve. […] Prevention of ARF has been successful in developed societies. […] The principles of treatment include the following: […] In underdeveloped countries, prophylaxis should be continued as follows:

• #19 Rheumatic Fever Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/medical-surgical-nursing-pathophysiology-296/immune-disorders-1464/rheumatic-fever-interventions_1867

  The goals of rheumatic fever interventions include treating the Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS), preventing permanent cardiac damage, relieving symptoms, and preventing the recurrence of rheumatic fever. […] Antibiotics are given to treat the streptococcal infection. Treatment with oral penicillin or amoxicillin for 10 days is recommended. Educate the patient/family on the importance of completing the full course of antibiotics. […] Because children who have had acute RF are susceptible to recurrence, prophylactic antibiotic treatment is initiated. Patients without carditis often require prophylaxis until age 20 or for a minimum of 5 years, while those with rheumatic carditis/disease may require life-long prophylaxis. It is important to remember that the duration of long-term prophylaxis varies depending on whether the child has cardiac involvement.

• #20 Rheumatic Fever Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/medical-surgical-nursing-pathophysiology-296/immune-disorders-1464/rheumatic-fever-interventions_1867

  A priority treatment goal is the relief of joint pain. Position painful joints for comfort and in proper alignment. Additionally, heat packs, salicylates, or NSAIDs may be administered. […] Preventing cardiac complications includes frequent assessment of vital signs and monitoring for increasing signs of cardiac distress. Be sure to promote rest to reduce cardiac workload and seek medical attention if symptoms such as excessive fatigue, dizziness, palpitations, unexplained weight gain, or exertional dyspnea develop. […] Because signs and symptoms of RF can be disturbing to both parent and child, providing education is important to the plan of care. Emphasize that the symptoms of chorea are transitory and that, eventually, the movement problems will disappear.

• #21 4 Acute Rheumatic Fever Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/acute-rheumatic-fever-nursing-care-plans/

  Children with acute rheumatic fever can experience weakness and decreased tolerance to activity due to inflammation and damage to the heart valves, which can result in reduced cardiac output and decreased exercise tolerance. […] Instruct the child to resume activity gradually once asymptomatic at rest and indicators of acute inflammation have resolved. […] Children with Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) are at an increased risk for infection due to their weakened immune system. […] Teach the children and family members good proper hand hygiene.

• #22 Rheumatic Fever Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/medical-surgical-nursing-pathophysiology-296/immune-disorders-1464/rheumatic-fever-interventions_1867

  A priority treatment goal is the relief of joint pain. Position painful joints for comfort and in proper alignment. Additionally, heat packs, salicylates, or NSAIDs may be administered. […] Preventing cardiac complications includes frequent assessment of vital signs and monitoring for increasing signs of cardiac distress. Be sure to promote rest to reduce cardiac workload and seek medical attention if symptoms such as excessive fatigue, dizziness, palpitations, unexplained weight gain, or exertional dyspnea develop. […] Because signs and symptoms of RF can be disturbing to both parent and child, providing education is important to the plan of care. Emphasize that the symptoms of chorea are transitory and that, eventually, the movement problems will disappear.

• #23 Acute Rheumatic Fever Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/333103-treatment

  Treatment strategies for acute rheumatic fever (ARF) can be divided into the following: […] The primary goal of treating an ARF attack is to eradicate streptococcal organisms and bacterial antigens from the pharyngeal region. […] Aspirin is recommended for all patients with arthritis or mild carditis. […] Corticosteroids should be reserved for the treatment of moderate to severe carditis. […] Mild heart failure usually responds to rest and corticosteroid therapy. […] Sydenham chorea requires long-term antimicrobial prophylaxis, even if no other manifestations of rheumatic fever evolve. […] Prevention of ARF has been successful in developed societies. […] The principles of treatment include the following: […] In underdeveloped countries, prophylaxis should be continued as follows:

• #24 Rheumatic fever | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/rheumatic-fever-final/62527793

  Maintaining adequate cardiac output Assess for signs and symptoms of ARF Auscultate the heart sounds every 4 hours document the presence of murmur or pericardial effusion Monitor for development of chronic rheumatic endocarditis which may include valvular disease and heart failure. […] Maintaining activity Maintains bed rest for duration of fever or if signs of active carditis is present Provide ROM exercise program Provide diversional activities that prevent exertion. […] Patient education and health maintenance Counsel about need for good nutrition, Counsel on hygiene practices (hand washing) Counsel about importance of adequate rest Instruct patient to seek treatment immediately should sore throat or fever occur Support patient in long term antibiotic therapy to prevent relapse Instruct patient with valvular disease to use prophylaxis penicillin therapy before certain procedures and surgery Patient with previous history of ARF should be taught about the disease process, possible sequelae and continues need for prophylactic therapy. Teach about monthly injections of penicillin.

• #25 4 Acute Rheumatic Fever Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/acute-rheumatic-fever-nursing-care-plans/

  Children with acute rheumatic fever can experience weakness and decreased tolerance to activity due to inflammation and damage to the heart valves, which can result in reduced cardiac output and decreased exercise tolerance. […] Instruct the child to resume activity gradually once asymptomatic at rest and indicators of acute inflammation have resolved. […] Children with Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) are at an increased risk for infection due to their weakened immune system. […] Teach the children and family members good proper hand hygiene.

• #26 Rheumatic fever – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rheumatic-fever/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354594

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your rheumatic fever-related health concerns […] Rheumatic fever care at Mayo Clinic […] A healthcare provider might recommend bed rest for someone with rheumatic fever. There may be activity restrictions until symptoms improve. […] It’s important to have regular health checkups after having rheumatic fever. Heart damage from rheumatic fever might not show up for many years even decades. Always tell your healthcare provider about any history of rheumatic fever.

• #27 Rheumatic Fever Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/medical-surgical-nursing-pathophysiology-296/immune-disorders-1464/rheumatic-fever-interventions_1867

  A priority treatment goal is the relief of joint pain. Position painful joints for comfort and in proper alignment. Additionally, heat packs, salicylates, or NSAIDs may be administered. […] Preventing cardiac complications includes frequent assessment of vital signs and monitoring for increasing signs of cardiac distress. Be sure to promote rest to reduce cardiac workload and seek medical attention if symptoms such as excessive fatigue, dizziness, palpitations, unexplained weight gain, or exertional dyspnea develop. […] Because signs and symptoms of RF can be disturbing to both parent and child, providing education is important to the plan of care. Emphasize that the symptoms of chorea are transitory and that, eventually, the movement problems will disappear.

• #28 Rheumatic fever | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/rheumatic-fever-final/62527793

  Maintaining adequate cardiac output Assess for signs and symptoms of ARF Auscultate the heart sounds every 4 hours document the presence of murmur or pericardial effusion Monitor for development of chronic rheumatic endocarditis which may include valvular disease and heart failure. […] Maintaining activity Maintains bed rest for duration of fever or if signs of active carditis is present Provide ROM exercise program Provide diversional activities that prevent exertion. […] Patient education and health maintenance Counsel about need for good nutrition, Counsel on hygiene practices (hand washing) Counsel about importance of adequate rest Instruct patient to seek treatment immediately should sore throat or fever occur Support patient in long term antibiotic therapy to prevent relapse Instruct patient with valvular disease to use prophylaxis penicillin therapy before certain procedures and surgery Patient with previous history of ARF should be taught about the disease process, possible sequelae and continues need for prophylactic therapy. Teach about monthly injections of penicillin.

• #29 Rheumatic Fever: Causes, Symptoms (Rash) & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16616-rheumatic-fever

  Rheumatic fever treatment first focuses on getting rid of the bacterial infection. Treatments then address inflammation inside your childs body. […] Treatment for rheumatic fever may include: […] Healthcare providers prescribe antibiotics to treat the underlying bacterial infection. Some antibiotics are one injection (shot). Others your child takes by mouth for a week or more. […] Your childs provider will likely recommend a medication to reduce inflammation throughout your childs body. This medication may also relieve symptoms such as joint pain. For severe symptoms, your childs provider may prescribe a stronger medication (corticosteroids). […] Rheumatic fever can affect people in different ways. Your childs provider may recommend other treatments based on how the condition affects them. In severe cases, your child may need heart surgery or joint treatments to treat serious complications. […] If your childs been diagnosed with rheumatic fever, their provider may prescribe a long-term antibiotic (monthly injections of penicillin). This can help prevent future bouts of strep throat and prevent recurrences of rheumatic fever.

• #30 Clinical Guidance for Acute Rheumatic Fever | Group A Strep | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/hcp/clinical-guidance/acute-rheumatic-fever.html

  Acute rheumatic fever is a delayed sequela of some group A streptococcal infections. […] Treatment involves antibiotics, which help prevent recurrent episodes. […] Patients with acute rheumatic fever should start on therapy for the management of acute rheumatic fever. […] Therapy for acute rheumatic fever includes salicylates and anti-inflammatory medicines to relieve inflammation and decrease fever. […] These patients should also be started on antibiotics to eliminate any residual group A strep bacteria. […] Secondary prevention of rheumatic fever requires antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce the likelihood of recurrent attacks. […] Long-term prophylaxis duration should be individually tailored but is usually indicated at least until age 21 years.

• #31 Acute Rheumatic Fever Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/333103-treatment

  Treatment strategies for acute rheumatic fever (ARF) can be divided into the following: […] The primary goal of treating an ARF attack is to eradicate streptococcal organisms and bacterial antigens from the pharyngeal region. […] Aspirin is recommended for all patients with arthritis or mild carditis. […] Corticosteroids should be reserved for the treatment of moderate to severe carditis. […] Mild heart failure usually responds to rest and corticosteroid therapy. […] Sydenham chorea requires long-term antimicrobial prophylaxis, even if no other manifestations of rheumatic fever evolve. […] Prevention of ARF has been successful in developed societies. […] The principles of treatment include the following: […] In underdeveloped countries, prophylaxis should be continued as follows:

• #32 AHA Guidelines on Prevention of Rheumatic Fever and Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/0201/p346.html

  Continuous antimicrobial prophylaxis provides the most effective protection from recurrences of rheumatic fever. Because the risk of recurrence depends on many factors, physicians should determine the appropriate duration of prophylaxis on a case-by-case basis while also considering the presence of rheumatic heart disease. Patients who have had rheumatic carditis, with or without valvular disease, are at high risk of recurrences and are likely to have increasingly severe cardiac involvement with each episode. These patients should receive long-term antibiotic prophylaxis well into adulthood, and perhaps for life.

• #33 Rheumatic fever in a developed country – is it still relevant? A retrospective, 25 years follow-up | Pediatric Rheumatology | Full Text

  https://ped-rheum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12969-022-00678-7

  In our study, the incidence of carditis decreased throughout the study period in parallel to the general decrease in the incidence of RF. However, the proportion of carditis cases among patients with RF remained unchanged. All patients were recommended continued penicillin prophylaxis. […] RF recurred in 32 patients (8.7% within the first 2 years and 13.9% by 5 years). The rate of recurrence increased steadily to 21.2% at 9 years, highlighting the importance of continued long-term prophylaxis. […] The findings emphasize that ARF and RHD remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality, with relapses continuing after 9 years, highlighting the need for prolonged prophylaxis.

• #34 Rheumatic fever – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rheumatic-fever/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354594

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your rheumatic fever-related health concerns […] Rheumatic fever care at Mayo Clinic […] A healthcare provider might recommend bed rest for someone with rheumatic fever. There may be activity restrictions until symptoms improve. […] It’s important to have regular health checkups after having rheumatic fever. Heart damage from rheumatic fever might not show up for many years even decades. Always tell your healthcare provider about any history of rheumatic fever.

• #35 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rheumatic Fever | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-rheumatic-fever

  Patient Education and Empowerment: Objective: Develop skills in patient education to empower individuals and their families with information about rheumatic fever, its management, and the importance of adherence to prescribed treatments and follow-up care. […] The desired outcomes focus on both the acute management of the current episode and the prevention of future occurrences, with a particular emphasis on protecting cardiac health and ensuring an improved quality of life for the individual affected by rheumatic fever. […] Regular and comprehensive assessments are crucial for identifying the extent of involvement, monitoring disease progression, and tailoring the nursing care plan to address the specific needs of the patient with rheumatic fever. […] Implementation strategies aim to address the underlying infection, manage symptoms, and promote overall health and well-being. Close collaboration with the healthcare team is essential for coordinating care and ensuring a comprehensive approach to the treatment of rheumatic fever. […] The best way to prevent rheumatic fever is to fully treat strep infections as they occur. Incomplete or no treatment can lead to rheumatic fever. […] Patient will need routine follow up with cardiology as symptoms of valve damage may not fully appear until later in life.

• #36 Acute Rheumatic Fever Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/333103-treatment

  Valve replacement should be considered in patients with active carditis, especially those with cases that are refractory to medical care or require high doses of vasodilators and diuretics. […] All patients should be restricted to bed rest and monitored closely for carditis. […] Group A streptococci (GAS) are the most common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis and treatment with antimicrobial therapy not only prevents acute rheumatic fever but also rapidly reduces infectiousness and transmission of GAS to close contacts. […] Annual immunization against influenza is recommended for all patients with acute rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease. […] Periodic monitoring at 3- to 4-month intervals is critical to evaluate for progress with the resumption of physical activity, resolution of the constitutional symptoms, and freedom from adverse effects from medications.

• #37 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rheumatic Fever | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-rheumatic-fever

  Understanding Rheumatic Fever: Objective: Develop a comprehensive understanding of rheumatic fever, including its pathophysiology, etiology, and risk factors, to provide effective and informed nursing care. […] Identification of Signs and Symptoms: Objective: Learn to recognize the signs and symptoms of rheumatic fever, including those affecting the heart, joints, skin, and other organ systems, for early detection and intervention. […] Preventive Measures and Antibiotic Prophylaxis: Objective: Gain knowledge about preventive measures, including antibiotic prophylaxis, to reduce the risk of recurrent episodes and complications associated with rheumatic fever. […] Multidisciplinary Collaboration: Objective: Understand the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration with healthcare providers, including cardiologists, rheumatologists, and infectious disease specialists, to ensure comprehensive care for individuals with rheumatic fever.

• #38 Nursing Care Plan For Rheumatic Fever – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-rheumatic-fever/

  Rheumatic fever is a rare, yet potentially serious inflammatory condition that can affect various parts of the body, primarily the heart, joints, skin, and central nervous system. […] Nursing care for patients with rheumatic fever is essential to manage the condition, alleviate symptoms, prevent complications, and promote recovery. […] Nurses play a central role in providing support to individuals with rheumatic fever, including administering prescribed medications, educating patients about the importance of antibiotic prophylaxis, and monitoring for signs of cardiac involvement. […] Effective communication and patient-centered care are vital to address the specific needs and concerns of each patient. […] The care plan also recognizes the importance of collaboration with other healthcare professionals, including cardiologists, infectious disease specialists, and physical therapists.

• #39 Nursing Care Plan For Rheumatic Fever – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-rheumatic-fever/

  Effective teamwork and communication are essential for providing comprehensive care for individuals with rheumatic fever. […] Ultimately, the goal of this care plan is to offer holistic and patient-centered care, promoting the well-being and recovery of individuals with rheumatic fever. […] Nursing care is integral in managing the condition, preventing complications, and optimizing the quality of life for patients with this complex and potentially life-altering condition. […] Nurses play a critical role in assessing and managing rheumatic fever, particularly in terms of symptom control, patient education, and monitoring for cardiac involvement. […] Effective care for patients with rheumatic fever involves symptom management, prevention of complications, and adherence to prescribed antibiotics.

• #40 Nursing practices to optimise rheumatic fever prevention in a high-risk country: An integrative review – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38549261/

  New Zealand is one of the last high-income countries in the world experiencing significant rates of rheumatic fever. Nurses play a crucial role in rheumatic fever prevention; however, little is understood as to how nurses can best achieve this. […] To explore nursing practices that optimise rheumatic fever prevention. […] While nursing knowledge and ways to improve injection adherence are essential, being culturally receptive and developing therapeutic relationships are equally important. Without strong and trusting relationships, it is difficult to deliver care required for prevention success. […] When working with vulnerable populations it is important to be culturally receptive in all interactions with patients and their families. […] Nurses are often frontline primary care providers who, when skilled with the right tools, can help reduce the prevalence of this disease.

• #41 Rheumatic Fever Nursing Care Management and Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/rheumatic-fever/

  Rheumatic fever is a systemic inflammatory condition that arises as a complication of untreated or inadequately managed streptococcal throat infections, particularly group A streptococcus. […] Nursing care for a child with rheumatic fever includes: […] Nursing assessments for a child with rheumatic fever are as follows: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are: […] The major nursing care planning goals for rheumatic fever are: […] Nursing interventions for a child with rheumatic fever include: […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation in a child with rheumatic fever includes:

• #42 Rheumatic Fever Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/maternal-and-child-nursing-notes/rheumatic-fever-nursing-care-plan-management/

  Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop as a complication of inadequately treated strep throat or scarlet fever. […] Nursing care of a child with rheumatic fever include: […] Nursing assessment for a child with rheumatic fever are as follows: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are: […] Nursing interventions for a child with rheumatic fever include: […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation in a child with rheumatic fever includes:

• #43 Nursing Care Plan For Rheumatic Fever – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-rheumatic-fever/

  Nursing care for patients with rheumatic fever is crucial to prevent complications and improve long-term outcomes. […] By providing education, medication management, and emotional support, nursing staff can significantly contribute to the patients well-being and the prevention of recurrent infections and complications. […] The collaboration between healthcare providers, the dedication of nursing staff, and the active involvement of patients and their families are critical for managing rheumatic fever effectively.

• #44 Nursing Care Plan For Rheumatic Fever – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-rheumatic-fever/

  Effective teamwork and communication are essential for providing comprehensive care for individuals with rheumatic fever. […] Ultimately, the goal of this care plan is to offer holistic and patient-centered care, promoting the well-being and recovery of individuals with rheumatic fever. […] Nursing care is integral in managing the condition, preventing complications, and optimizing the quality of life for patients with this complex and potentially life-altering condition. […] Nurses play a critical role in assessing and managing rheumatic fever, particularly in terms of symptom control, patient education, and monitoring for cardiac involvement. […] Effective care for patients with rheumatic fever involves symptom management, prevention of complications, and adherence to prescribed antibiotics.

• #45 Nursing Care Plan For Rheumatic Fever – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-rheumatic-fever/

  Nursing care for patients with rheumatic fever is crucial to prevent complications and improve long-term outcomes. […] By providing education, medication management, and emotional support, nursing staff can significantly contribute to the patients well-being and the prevention of recurrent infections and complications. […] The collaboration between healthcare providers, the dedication of nursing staff, and the active involvement of patients and their families are critical for managing rheumatic fever effectively.

• #46 Nursing Care Plan For Rheumatic Fever – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-rheumatic-fever/

  Nursing care for patients with rheumatic fever is crucial to prevent complications and improve long-term outcomes. […] By providing education, medication management, and emotional support, nursing staff can significantly contribute to the patients well-being and the prevention of recurrent infections and complications. […] The collaboration between healthcare providers, the dedication of nursing staff, and the active involvement of patients and their families are critical for managing rheumatic fever effectively.

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