Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378847

  Viral gastroenteritis is an intestinal infection that includes signs and symptoms such as watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea or vomiting, and sometimes fever. […] The most common way to develop viral gastroenteritis — often called stomach flu — is through contact with an infected person or by consuming contaminated food or water. […] You’re most likely to get viral gastroenteritis when you eat or drink contaminated food or water. […] Many viruses can cause gastroenteritis, including: Noroviruses. Both children and adults are affected by noroviruses, the most common cause of foodborne illness worldwide. […] In most cases, you pick up the virus from contaminated food or water. […] Rotavirus. Worldwide, this is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children, who are usually infected when they put their fingers or other objects contaminated with the virus into their mouths. […] Some shellfish, especially raw or undercooked oysters, also can make you sick. Contaminated drinking water is a cause of viral diarrhea. […] But in many cases the virus is passed when someone with a virus handles food you eat without washing his or her hands after using the toilet.

• #1 Stomach Flu: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12418-stomach-flu

  Stomach flu, viral gastroenteritis, is a viral infection in your digestive system. It causes gastrointestinal symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea. Its usually brief, but can be very contagious. […] Stomach flu is a viral infection that affects your stomach and intestines. The medical term is viral gastroenteritis. Gastro means stomach and enter means small intestine. Itis means inflammation, which is usually due to an infection. And viral means that a virus has caused the infection. […] Stomach flu causes gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal cramps and nausea. […] Many different viruses can infect your gastrointestinal system, causing gastroenteritis. […] The most common ones are: Norovirus. This is the leading cause of stomach flu in adults, estimated to account for 50% of cases worldwide. Its more resistant than others to temperature and disinfectants.

• #1 Viral Gastroenteritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518995/

  Viral gastroenteritis is a widespread infectious illness caused by various viruses, including rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus, characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration. […] Several different viruses, including rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus, account for most cases of acute viral gastroenteritis. Most are transmitted via the fecal-oral route, including contaminated food and water. […] Norovirus is the most common cause of epidemic diarrheal illness, accounting for 90% of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks and approximately 50% of cases worldwide. […] Other viral causes of acute viral gastroenteritis include adenovirus, sapovirus, and astrovirus. Each of these viruses can cause anywhere between 2% to 9% of viral gastroenteritis cases, with developing countries seeing a slightly higher burden of disease from the astrovirus group.

• #1

  https://continentalhospitals.com/diseases/viral-gastroenteritis/

  Viral gastroenteritis, commonly known as the stomach flu, is a highly contagious infection that affects the stomach and intestines. It is caused by various viruses, such as norovirus and rotavirus, and can lead to symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. […] The primary cause of viral gastroenteritis is infection with a virus, most commonly norovirus or rotavirus. These viruses can be transmitted through close contact with an infected person, consumption of contaminated food or water, or touching surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. […] Norovirus is often associated with outbreaks in settings such as schools, hospitals, cruise ships, and restaurants. It can spread rapidly in crowded environments and through the ingestion of contaminated food or water.

• #1 Viral Gastroenteritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518995/

  The most frequent cause of diarrheal disease worldwide is acute viral gastroenteritis. Men and women are affected equally. Norovirus is the most common viral cause. Norovirus accounts for 90% of epidemic diarrheal cases worldwide and approximately 50% of all viral gastroenteritis cases. […] Before routine vaccination, rotavirus was the most common cause of diarrheal illness in the pediatric population, with roughly 3.5 million cases yearly in the United States. Nearly all children possessed rotavirus antibodies by age 3. […] The clinical manifestations of viral gastroenteritis are due to the effects that the viruses, along with specific cytotoxins, have on the enterocytes of the intestine. […] The prognosis of viral gastroenteritis in most cases is excellent and self-limited. However, continued maintenance of oral hydration is essential, even if a patient does not seek medical care.

• #1 Stomach Flu: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12418-stomach-flu

  Rotavirus. Rotavirus is the leading cause of stomach flu in children worldwide. Most get it before age 3, which is why most adults are immune. Theres now a vaccine. […] Astrovirus. Astroviruses mostly affect children younger than 3. They commonly spread through daycare centers. But they can also spread through elder care homes. […] Adenovirus. Adenoviruses more often cause respiratory infections, but they can cause gastrointestinal infections if you accidentally ingest them. They infect all ages. […] Stomach flu usually spreads by the fecal-to-oral route. The virus lives in the poop and vomit of infected people. Microscopic traces of infected poop or vomit may linger on peoples hands or surfaces. These traces can transfer to food and water sources. You might ingest the virus through contaminated food or water, or by touching an infected person or surface and then touching your mouth.

• #1 Viral Gastroenteritis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176515-overview

  Acute gastroenteritis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. […] Etiologies include bacteria, viruses, parasites, toxins, and drugs. […] In the United States, viruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. […] The first is sporadic gastroenteritis in infants, which most frequently is caused by rotavirus. […] After rotavirus, the most important cause of acute infantile gastroenteritis probably is calicivirus infection. […] Astrovirus infection is associated with 2-9% of cases of infantile gastroenteritis worldwide, making it the third most frequent cause after rotavirus and calicivirus. […] Researchers have recognized for a long time that certain enteric adenoviruses are an important cause of infantile gastroenteritis. […] Most cases of epidemic viral gastroenteritis in adults and children are caused by the caliciviruses. […] Few studies have examined the causes of sporadic cases of adult viral gastroenteritis.

• #1 Stomach Flu: Signs, Symptoms, & Other Stomach Bug Facts

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/ss/slideshow-stomach-flu

  This may be what you call it when you feel sick to your stomach, but doctors call it gastroenteritis. Its usually caused by a virus, but its not the flu virus, so its not actually stomach flu. Bacteria and parasites also can cause it. […] A number of viruses can cause gastroenteritis. Rotavirus is the leading cause in infants and young children. It can affect adults, too, but their symptoms are milder. Norovirus is the most common cause in adults. Less common ones include adenovirus — which can take up to 10 days to cause symptoms — and astrovirus. Both of these affect children more often than adults. […] These microscopic living organisms are all around you — many are harmless, and some are even helpful. But others, like Salmonella and E. coli, can get into your food and cause stomach issues. […] Parasites are tiny creatures that live inside other animals. This kind of gastroenteritis doesnt happen often in the U.S. or other developed countries, but certain parasites called Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia can spread through water and cause infection.

• #1 Norovirus (Stomach Flu) Cases Are Surging: 3 Things to Know > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/norovirus-stomach-flu-cases-are-surging-3-things-to-know

  Infections typically happen when particles of the virus are transmitted through the fecal-oral route, meaning fecal matter that contains the virus somehow gets into a person’s mouth. […] A person who has been sick with norovirus sheds billions of virus particles in their stool or vomit. And it only takes an exposure of as few as 10 particles for an individual to develop an infection. […] The virus can contaminate food and drink as well, and causes 58% of foodborne illnesses in the U.S., according to the CDC. […] While a norovirus outbreak can occur anywhere, it is especially common in places where people are in close contact, such as schools and nursing homes. […] There is no medication that specifically treats norovirus—antibiotics treat bacterial diseases, such as bacterial pneumonia, and don’t help with viruses. […] Young children, older adults, and/or those who are immunocompromised face a higher risk for complications than others. Each year, there are 900 norovirus-related deaths, mostly among adults ages 65 years and older.

• #1 Norovirus

  https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/sdc/hhsa/programs/phs/community_epidemiology/dc/dc_norovirus.html

  Norovirus is a very contagious virus that causes vomiting and diarrhea. It is sometimes called the „stomach flu” or the „stomach bug.” […] In the United States, Norovirus is the most common infectious cause of vomiting and diarrhea. It is also the leading cause of foodborne illness. […] A person can get norovirus by accidentally getting tiny particles of poop or vomit in their mouth from a person infected with norovirus. Norovirus spreads very easily and quickly in different ways, including: Having direct contact with someone who has norovirus. This includes caring for them, sharing food or eating utensils with them, or eating food handled by them. […] There is no specific medicine to treat people with norovirus. […] Most people get better on their own within 1-3 days.

• #1 Stomach flu is actually viral gastroenteritis | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/stomach-flu-is-actually-viral-gastroenteritis

  What we commonly refer to as stomach flu is more accurately known as viral gastroenteritis. Its different from the actual flu, which is a respiratory illness that affects the throat, nose and lungs. Unlike the flu, which is caused by the influenza virus, stomach flu typically arises from infection with a different set of viruses. They target the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the stomach and the large and small intestines. […] The two most common causes of viral gastroenteritis are rotaviruses and noroviruses. Rotavirus disease is most often seen in infants and young children. Older children and adults can also become infected, but their symptoms tend to be less severe. Noroviruses, which are the most common cause of stomach flu in adults, can affect children as well. […] Both rotaviruses and noroviruses are highly contagious. They spread through direct contact with contaminated food, drink, dishes, utensils and surfaces, and through close contact with an infected individual. Both of the viruses are shed in a contaminated persons stool. If that person fails to thoroughly wash their hands after a bowel movement, they can spread the live virus to everything that they touch.

• #1 Gastroenteritis > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/gastroenteritis

  Gastroenteritis, or inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, is an acute condition that can cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In the United States, about 1 out of every 6 people get gastroenteritis from eating contaminated food every year. Viral gastroenteritis is the most common cause of diarrhea worldwide. […] The condition is most commonly caused by viruses, but it may also be caused by bacteria, parasites, medication, and exposure to chemicals. […] The viruses that cause gastroenteritis spread via whats known as fecal-oral transmission. The feces and vomit of a person who has gastroenteritis can be contaminated with the virus that causes the condition. […] Viruses that cause gastroenteritis include: Norovirus, Rotavirus, Astrovirus, Adenovirus. […] People usually come in contact with bacteria that cause gastroenteritis by consuming raw or undercooked food or unpasteurized foods or beverages.

• #1 Gastroenteritis in Children – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/gastrointestinal-disorders-in-children/gastroenteritis-in-children

  Gastroenteritis is usually caused by a viral, bacterial, or parasitic infection. […] Most gastroenteritis is caused by viruses (most common cause). […] Viruses are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the United States. […] The two most common are Norovirus (most common in the United States) and Rotavirus (most common worldwide). […] Children usually contract viral gastroenteritis from other children who have had it or who have been exposed to it. […] Fecal-oral transmission is the usual way that viral gastroenteritis spreads. […] Norovirus has become the most common cause of gastroenteritis in all age groups, including children, in the United States since the introduction of rotavirus vaccines. […] Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe, dehydrating diarrhea among infants and children worldwide.

• #1 Gastroenteritis: Symptoms, Type, Causes & Treatments | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/gastroenteritis/

  Viral gastroenteritis is highly contagious, leading to outbreaks in schools, hospitals, prisons and other places where large numbers of people are in close proximity. […] It has been suggested that swallowing airborne viral particles after someone has vomited may also be a possible route of transmission for some viruses. […] Gastroenteritis can also be caused by infection with intestinal parasites. The two most commonly implicated are giardia and cryptosporidium. […] Some cases of gastroenteritis are not caused by the bacteria themselves, but by toxins that they release. The harmful byproducts of certain types of bacteria can contaminate food, causing food poisoning when ingested. […] While uncommon, in susceptible people gastroenteritis can be an adverse effect of certain medications. […] Gastroenteritis can also be triggered by the ingestion of heavy metals such as lead, mercury and arsenic. […] Most cases of gastroenteritis clear within a few days to a week.

• #1 Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu) Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis-stomach-flu

  Viral gastroenteritis is an infection of the stomach and intestine caused by a virus. The infection can lead to diarrhea and vomiting. It is sometimes called the „stomach flu.” […] Gastroenteritis can affect one person or a group of people who all ate the same food or drank the same water. The germs may get into your system in many ways: […] Many types of viruses can cause gastroenteritis. The most common viruses are: […] Norovirus (Norwalk-like virus) is common among school-age children. It may also cause outbreaks in hospitals and on cruise ships. […] Rotavirus is the leading cause of gastroenteritis in children. It can also infect adults who are exposed to children with the virus and people living in nursing homes. […] COVID-19 may cause stomach flu symptoms, even when breathing problems are not present. […] People with the highest risk for a severe infection include young children, older adults, and people who have a suppressed immune system.

• #1 What Is Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu)? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/gastroenteritis/guide/

  Most cases of parasitic gastroenteritis are caused by giardia and cryptosporidium. […] Ingesting certain drugs or chemical toxins, such as metals or plant substances, can lead to gastroenteritis, although this is rare. […] Gastroenteritis is a contagious illness and is commonly spread by: […] Viruses are often passed through the fecal-oral route. […] Gastroenteritis can affect anyone, but certain people may be at an increased risk, including: […] Kids immune systems havent fully developed, which puts them at risk for catching viruses. […] As you age, your immune system becomes less effective. […] Being in close quarters with others can increase your risk of gastroenteritis. […] Some chronic illnesses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), can compromise your immune system and make you more susceptible to developing gastroenteritis.

• #1 Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu)

  https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/zh-Hant/viral-gastroenteritis-stomach-flu-zh-hant?language=en

  For most people, viral gastroenteritis is not a serious illness. […] Viral gastroenteritis can be a serious illness in people who are unable to drink enough fluids to replace what they lose through vomiting or diarrhea. […] People with immune system problems are at risk for dehydration because they may get more severe symptoms, including more vomiting and diarrhea.

• #1 Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu): MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000252.htm

  Viral gastroenteritis is an infection of the stomach and intestine caused by a virus. The infection can lead to diarrhea and vomiting. It is sometimes called the „stomach flu.” […] Many types of viruses can cause gastroenteritis. The most common viruses are: Norovirus (Norwalk-like virus) is common among school-age children. It may also cause outbreaks in hospitals and on cruise ships. Rotavirus is the leading cause of gastroenteritis in children. It can also infect adults who are exposed to children with the virus and people living in nursing homes. […] Gastroenteritis can affect one person or a group of people who all ate the same food or drank the same water. The germs may get into your system in many ways: Directly from food or water, By way of objects such as plates and eating utensils, Passed from person to person by way of close contact. […] COVID-19 may cause stomach flu symptoms, even when breathing problems are not present.

• #1 Stomach Flu (Gastroenteritis) Symptoms & Causes | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/types-of-care/urgent-care/urgent-care-services/stomach-flu

  Viruses are the most common cause of the stomach flu. In adults, the norovirus tends to be the cause of stomach flu. In children, the rotavirus is the most common virus responsible for the stomach flu. These specific viruses typically infect the lining of the small intestines. Other ways you can contract the stomach virus are through bacteria, toxins, and parasites. […] The loose and watery stools, which is the most common symptom of stomach flu is caused by the breaking down of gut cells, which causes malabsorption. The virus can also disrupt the reabsorption of water, thereby producing the watery loose stools. […] There are multiple factors that lead to becoming infected with the stomach flu (gastroenteritis). The two main factors are food and water contamination and coming in contact with an infected person.

• #1 Stomach Flu, Food Poisoning or Influenza: Which One Do You Have? | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/healthbeat/healthy-tips/stomach-flu-food-poisoning-or-influenza-which-one-do-you-have

  Stomach flu (viral gastroenteritis) happens when your stomach and intestines become inflamed. The inflammation is caused by your immune systems response to a viral infection. Some of the most common viruses associated with stomach flu are rotavirus and norovirus, says Dr. Delgado. The viruses can be found in the vomit or diarrhea of infected people. People who are infected can spread the virus to things they touch, especially if they dont wash their hands after using the bathroom or changing a diaper. Food handlers with the infection can spread it to others through food and drinks. […] Stomach flu lasts about 48 hours, but severe cases can last more than two weeks. […] Symptoms of stomach flu often begin about one to two days after the virus gets into your body. […] Compared to food poisoning, stomach flu tends to present with more nausea and vomiting, but less diarrhea. […] Flu primarily affects your nose, throat and lungs while stomach flu affects your stomach and intestines.

• #1 Symptoms & Causes of Viral Gastroenteritis (“Stomach Flu”) – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/viral-gastroenteritis/symptoms-causes

  What kinds of viruses cause viral gastroenteritis? […] Many different viruses can cause viral gastroenteritis. The most common causes of viral gastroenteritis include norovirus. Norovirus is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis. […] Do flu viruses cause viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu)? […] Although some people call viral gastroenteritis stomach flu, influenza (flu) viruses do not cause viral gastroenteritis. […] Are viruses the only cause of gastroenteritis? […] No. While viruses cause viral gastroenteritis, bacteria, parasites, and chemicals may cause other kinds of gastroenteritis.

• #1 Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu): Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/gastroenteritis

  Gastroenteritis is when your stomach and intestines are irritated and inflamed. This can cause belly pain, cramping, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The cause is typically inflammation triggered by your immune system’s response to a viral or bacterial infection. However, infections caused by fungi or parasites or irritation from chemicals can also lead to gastroenteritis. […] The most common cause of gastroenteritis is a virus. The main types are norovirus and rotavirus. […] When caused by an infection most often a virus gastroenteritis is contagious. […] Norovirus is very contagious, which means it spreads easily and quickly. […] Both adults and kids get rotavirus, but kids are more likely to have serious symptoms, such as severe dehydration. […] Bacteria such as Escherichia coli and salmonella can also trigger the stomach flu. But this isn’t as common as cases that are caused by a virus. […] Parasites can also cause gastroenteritis, but it’s not common. […] Gastroenteritis is not contagious, but the infections that cause it are. […] Most cases of viral gastroenteritis will be over in a few days, but you may be sick for up to 2 weeks with some viruses, such as adenovirus.

• #1 Overview of Gastroenteritis – Gastrointestinal Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/gastroenteritis/overview-of-gastroenteritis

  Infectious gastroenteritis may be caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites. […] Viruses are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the United States, and most viral gastroenteritis is caused by Norovirus and Rotavirus. […] Most other viral gastroenteritis infections are caused by astrovirus or enteric adenovirus. […] In patients with immunocompromise, additional viruses (eg, cytomegalovirus, enterovirus) can cause gastroenteritis. […] Bacterial gastroenteritis is less common than viral. […] The bacteria most commonly implicated are Campylobacter, Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli (especially serotype O157:H7), Salmonella, Shigella, and Staphylococci, causing staphylococcal food poisoning. […] Bacterial gastroenteritis is caused by several mechanisms. […] Enterotoxins are produced by certain species (eg, Vibrio cholerae, enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli) that adhere to intestinal mucosa without invading.

• #1 Gastroenteritis: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/gastroenteritis

  Gastroenteritis often happens when you get an infection in your gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Bacteria and viruses can cause food poisoning and stomach flu infections. Chemicals can also cause gastroenteritis. […] Infectious gastroenteritis is caused by an infection in your gastrointestinal tract, like a: Viral infection. […] Viral infections cause viral gastroenteritis, which is the most common type overall. Viruses cause 60% of all gastroenteritis cases. Norovirus alone accounts for 50% of all viral gastroenteritis cases. […] Viral gastroenteritis sometimes goes by the nickname, stomach flu, although this isn’t a medical term. […] Infectious diseases or toxic chemicals can trigger acute gastroenteritis. […] Chemicals can injure and inflame the lining of your stomach and intestines. Some chemicals do this even in small amounts. Others, like alcohol and certain medications, can cause gastroenteritis in larger doses.

• #1 Stomach Flu (Viral Gastroenteritis): How Long It Lasts

  https://www.health.com/condition/digestive-health/how-long-does-stomach-flu-last-an-expert-weighs-in

  Many viruses cause gastroenteritis, commonly known as stomach flu. […] The stomach flu, medically known as viral gastroenteritis, may last two days to up to two weeks, depending on what stomach virus you have. […] The stomach flu, or viral gastroenteritis, is a type of intestinal infection that presents with mostly GI symptoms. It may be caused by a number of viruses but not influenza viruses as the term „stomach flu” suggests. […] Viral gastroenteritis is also a self-limiting disease. In other words, you will likely recover on your own without treatment. […] The timeline for viral gastroenteritis symptoms depends on what virus causes your symptoms: Astrovirus typically resolves within two to three days. Enteric adenoviruses can take up to two weeks to resolve. Norovirus generally clears up within a couple of days. Rotavirus can last anywhere from three to eight days. Sapovirus usually lasts a few days. […] The stomach flu is not a flu-related illness; influenza viruses do not cause viral gastroenteritis.

• #1 Viral Gastroenteritis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/viral-gastroenteritis.html

  Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation, swelling, and irritation of the inside lining of your gastrointestinal tract. A virus causes this illness. It can infect your stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. […] Several viruses can cause gastroenteritis. Viruses can be found in the vomit and the diarrhea of infected people. It can live for a long time outside the body. […] Viral gastroenteritis is sometimes called stomach flu. But the seasonal flu (influenza) virus does not cause it. […] Some of the common viruses that cause gastroenteritis include: Rotavirus, Norovirus, Adenovirus. […] Many other viruses can also cause viral gastroenteritis. […] Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the inside lining of your gastrointestinal tract. It can be caused by rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, and other viruses.

• #1 The Difference: Stomach Flu vs. Food Poisoning | Banner Health

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/teach-me/stomach-flu-or-food-poisoning-how-to-tell-the-difference

  Norovirus is one of the top causes of both stomach flu and food poisoning in the U.S. […] Stomach flu is mainly caused by viruses like norovirus, rotavirus or adenovirus, though bacteria can also cause it. These germs spread through contaminated food, water, surfaces or close contact with someone who is sick. […] Viral gastroenteritis is usually spread through the fecal-oral route, such as unwashed hands after using the bathroom or changing a baby’s diaper, Dr. Hinz said. […] Food poisoning occurs from eating food or drinking water contaminated with harmful bacteria, viruses, toxins or parasites. […] More than 250 foodborne diseases can cause food poisoning, with bacteria like E. coli, salmonella and campylobacter being the most common, Dr. Hinz said. […] Stomach flu is contagious and usually caused by viruses, while food poisoning is caused by something you eat or drink.

• #1 What Is Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu)? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/gastroenteritis/guide/

  Gastroenteritis usually comes on suddenly and sticks around for just a short time. […] Gastroenteritis will usually run its course and go away on its own. […] Theres no specific medical treatment for viral gastroenteritis. […] If you have a bacterial or parasitic infection, your doctor might prescribe antibiotics. […] Gastroenteritis can cause a wide range of symptoms, from mild stomach upset to severe vomiting and diarrhea. […] Signs of dehydration may include: […] Severe dehydration can lead to organ damage, shock, a coma, or even death. […] Norovirus is estimated to cause between 19 and 21 million cases of viral gastroenteritis each year in the United States. […] Worldwide, severe gastroenteritis is believed to cause over one million deaths each year. […] Although gastroenteritis is sometimes referred to as the stomach flu, its not a form of influenza. […] The flu viruses do not cause gastroenteritis, and a flu vaccine wont protect against it.

• #1 Acute viral gastroenteritis in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-viral-gastroenteritis-in-adults

  Acute viral gastroenteritis is a common cause of illness resulting in visits to the emergency department and outpatient clinics in the United States. […] In addition, acute viral gastroenteritis causes outbreaks in certain closed communities, such as nursing homes, schools, and cruise ships. […] Restaurant and catered meals are another common source of outbreaks.

• #1 Norovirus (Stomach Flu) Cases Are Surging: 3 Things to Know > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/norovirus-stomach-flu-cases-are-surging-3-things-to-know

  Norovirus, the most common cause of viral stomach flu, is on the rise in the United States. Norovirus infections cause acute gastroenteritis—a stomach bug with cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, and other symptoms. […] No one can say for sure why norovirus is spiking even higher now. But there are many subtypes of the virus, and one possible reason could be that a strain called GII.17—which was once uncommon here, so fewer people have a strong immunity to it—has become increasingly dominant in the U.S. In recent months, seven out of 10 norovirus outbreaks in this country are linked to this strain. […] Norovirus classically increases in the winter months for many reasons, but the major one is that everyone is congregating indoors, especially with the holidays. […] Norovirus is a stomach flu that is highly contagious even after symptoms subside. Although norovirus is also called the stomach flu, it’s not related to influenza, and the flu shot won’t prevent an infection or lessen the symptoms if you get it. It’s a virus that causes inflammation of the stomach and/or intestines, leading to acute gastroenteritis that comes on suddenly.

• #1 Gastroenteritis | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/gastroenteritis/

  Gastroenteritis is a very common condition that causes diarrhoea and vomiting. Its usually caused by a bacterial or viral tummy bug. […] Most cases in children are caused by a virus called rotavirus. Cases in adults are usually caused by norovirus (the winter vomiting bug) or bacterial food poisoning. […] The bugs that cause gastroenteritis can spread very easily from person to person. You can catch the infection if small particles of vomit or poo from an infected person get into your mouth, such as through: close contact with someone with gastroenteritis they may breathe out small particles of vomit. […] Young children can have the rotavirus vaccination when theyre 2 to 3 months old, which can reduce their risk of developing gastroenteritis.

• #1 Stomach Flu Symptoms and Treatment | Austin Gastroenterology

  https://www.austingastro.com/patient-education/viral-gastroenteritis/

  Viral gastroenteritis, better known as the stomach flu, is the leading cause of severe diarrhea. The condition causes inflammation of the lining of the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Viral gastroenteritis is extremely common and highly contagious. […] Viruses that cause gastroenteritis may be found in contaminated food or drinking water or in the stool and vomit of people who are infected. […] There are several viruses that cause the stomach flu. Rotavirus is most common among infants and young children, while the norovirus is most common in adults. Norovirus is usually responsible for large outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis, such as those you hear about on cruise ships. […] Viruses that cause gastroenteritis are found in the stool and vomit of people who are infected as well as in contaminated food or drinking water. The virus is spread if you do not wash your hands thoroughly after using the bathroom or changing the diaper of an infected infant. The virus can also become airborne through vomit. […] Symptoms typically appear within 4 to 48 hours after exposure to the virus.

• #2 Symptoms & Causes of Viral Gastroenteritis (“Stomach Flu”) – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/viral-gastroenteritis/symptoms-causes

  What kinds of viruses cause viral gastroenteritis? […] Many different viruses can cause viral gastroenteritis. The most common causes of viral gastroenteritis include norovirus. Norovirus is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis. […] Do flu viruses cause viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu)? […] Although some people call viral gastroenteritis stomach flu, influenza (flu) viruses do not cause viral gastroenteritis. […] Are viruses the only cause of gastroenteritis? […] No. While viruses cause viral gastroenteritis, bacteria, parasites, and chemicals may cause other kinds of gastroenteritis.

• #2 Viral Gastroenteritis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/viral-gastroenteritis.html

  Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation, swelling, and irritation of the inside lining of your gastrointestinal tract. A virus causes this illness. It can infect your stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. […] Several viruses can cause gastroenteritis. Viruses can be found in the vomit and the diarrhea of infected people. It can live for a long time outside the body. […] Viral gastroenteritis is sometimes called stomach flu. But the seasonal flu (influenza) virus does not cause it. […] Some of the common viruses that cause gastroenteritis include: Rotavirus, Norovirus, Adenovirus. […] Many other viruses can also cause viral gastroenteritis. […] Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the inside lining of your gastrointestinal tract. It can be caused by rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, and other viruses.

• #2 Viral Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/viral-gastroenteritis

  Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation and irritation of your intestines caused by one of a number of viruses, most commonly norovirus or rotavirus. This illness is also known as the stomach flu. […] Viral gastroenteritis is caused by a number of different viruses. Its easy for these viruses to spread in group situations. Some of the ways the virus is transmitted include: eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water, being in close contact with someone who has the virus, sharing utensils or other items with someone who has the virus, touching contaminated surfaces, not washing hands properly, especially food handlers. […] Several different types of viruses can cause viral gastroenteritis. The most common include: norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus. […] Norovirus is the leading cause of gastroenteritis in the United States and worldwide. […] Rotavirus commonly affects infants and young children. […] The adenovirus affects people of all ages. It can cause several types of illness, including gastroenteritis. […] Astrovirus is another virus that commonly causes gastroenteritis in children.

• #2 Viral Gastroenteritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518995/

  Viral gastroenteritis is a widespread infectious illness caused by various viruses, including rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus, characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration. […] Several different viruses, including rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus, account for most cases of acute viral gastroenteritis. Most are transmitted via the fecal-oral route, including contaminated food and water. […] Norovirus is the most common cause of epidemic diarrheal illness, accounting for 90% of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks and approximately 50% of cases worldwide. […] Other viral causes of acute viral gastroenteritis include adenovirus, sapovirus, and astrovirus. Each of these viruses can cause anywhere between 2% to 9% of viral gastroenteritis cases, with developing countries seeing a slightly higher burden of disease from the astrovirus group.

• #2 Stomach flu (gastroenteritis) symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/310481

  Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu) is a highly contagious intestinal infection that causes watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, and vomiting. It is usually due to a norovirus or rotavirus and transmits via contact with others or contaminated food or drink. […] Different viruses can cause stomach flu, including: Norovirus: This is the most contagious form. Rotavirus: This virus peaks between December and April. Adenovirus: Infection with this virus can present with a wide range of symptoms. Astrovirus: This mostly affects weaker immune systems. […] Symptoms generally appear following contact with someone who has the infection. They can also occur after eating or drinking contaminated food or water. […] Norovirus is the most common form of stomach flu. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), every year in the U.S., it causes 1921 million illnesses, around 109,000 hospitalizations, and 900 deaths of adults over 65 years of age. […] It is the most common cause of foodborne disease outbreaks in the U.S., causing 58% of cases.

• #2 Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu) Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis-stomach-flu

  Viral gastroenteritis is an infection of the stomach and intestine caused by a virus. The infection can lead to diarrhea and vomiting. It is sometimes called the „stomach flu.” […] Gastroenteritis can affect one person or a group of people who all ate the same food or drank the same water. The germs may get into your system in many ways: […] Many types of viruses can cause gastroenteritis. The most common viruses are: […] Norovirus (Norwalk-like virus) is common among school-age children. It may also cause outbreaks in hospitals and on cruise ships. […] Rotavirus is the leading cause of gastroenteritis in children. It can also infect adults who are exposed to children with the virus and people living in nursing homes. […] COVID-19 may cause stomach flu symptoms, even when breathing problems are not present. […] People with the highest risk for a severe infection include young children, older adults, and people who have a suppressed immune system.

• #2 Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu): MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000252.htm

  Viral gastroenteritis is an infection of the stomach and intestine caused by a virus. The infection can lead to diarrhea and vomiting. It is sometimes called the „stomach flu.” […] Many types of viruses can cause gastroenteritis. The most common viruses are: Norovirus (Norwalk-like virus) is common among school-age children. It may also cause outbreaks in hospitals and on cruise ships. Rotavirus is the leading cause of gastroenteritis in children. It can also infect adults who are exposed to children with the virus and people living in nursing homes. […] Gastroenteritis can affect one person or a group of people who all ate the same food or drank the same water. The germs may get into your system in many ways: Directly from food or water, By way of objects such as plates and eating utensils, Passed from person to person by way of close contact. […] COVID-19 may cause stomach flu symptoms, even when breathing problems are not present.

• #2 Stomach Flu: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12418-stomach-flu

  Rotavirus. Rotavirus is the leading cause of stomach flu in children worldwide. Most get it before age 3, which is why most adults are immune. Theres now a vaccine. […] Astrovirus. Astroviruses mostly affect children younger than 3. They commonly spread through daycare centers. But they can also spread through elder care homes. […] Adenovirus. Adenoviruses more often cause respiratory infections, but they can cause gastrointestinal infections if you accidentally ingest them. They infect all ages. […] Stomach flu usually spreads by the fecal-to-oral route. The virus lives in the poop and vomit of infected people. Microscopic traces of infected poop or vomit may linger on peoples hands or surfaces. These traces can transfer to food and water sources. You might ingest the virus through contaminated food or water, or by touching an infected person or surface and then touching your mouth.

• #2 Stomach Flu: Signs, Symptoms, & Other Stomach Bug Facts

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/ss/slideshow-stomach-flu

  This may be what you call it when you feel sick to your stomach, but doctors call it gastroenteritis. Its usually caused by a virus, but its not the flu virus, so its not actually stomach flu. Bacteria and parasites also can cause it. […] A number of viruses can cause gastroenteritis. Rotavirus is the leading cause in infants and young children. It can affect adults, too, but their symptoms are milder. Norovirus is the most common cause in adults. Less common ones include adenovirus — which can take up to 10 days to cause symptoms — and astrovirus. Both of these affect children more often than adults. […] These microscopic living organisms are all around you — many are harmless, and some are even helpful. But others, like Salmonella and E. coli, can get into your food and cause stomach issues. […] Parasites are tiny creatures that live inside other animals. This kind of gastroenteritis doesnt happen often in the U.S. or other developed countries, but certain parasites called Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia can spread through water and cause infection.

• #2 Overview of Gastroenteritis – Gastrointestinal Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/gastroenteritis/overview-of-gastroenteritis

  Infectious gastroenteritis may be caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites. […] Viruses are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the United States, and most viral gastroenteritis is caused by Norovirus and Rotavirus. […] Most other viral gastroenteritis infections are caused by astrovirus or enteric adenovirus. […] In patients with immunocompromise, additional viruses (eg, cytomegalovirus, enterovirus) can cause gastroenteritis. […] Bacterial gastroenteritis is less common than viral. […] The bacteria most commonly implicated are Campylobacter, Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli (especially serotype O157:H7), Salmonella, Shigella, and Staphylococci, causing staphylococcal food poisoning. […] Bacterial gastroenteritis is caused by several mechanisms. […] Enterotoxins are produced by certain species (eg, Vibrio cholerae, enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli) that adhere to intestinal mucosa without invading.

• #2 About Norovirus | Norovirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/about/index.html

  Norovirus is the leading cause of vomiting and diarrhea, and foodborne illness in the United States. […] Norovirus is a very contagious virus that causes vomiting and diarrhea. […] Norovirus causes acute gastroenteritis, an inflammation of the stomach or intestines. […] Infection with one type of norovirus may not protect you against other types. […] If eaten raw, oysters and other filter-feeding shellfish can contain viruses and bacteria that can cause illness or death. […] Norovirus spreads very easily and quickly in different ways. […] You can get norovirus by having direct contact with someone with norovirus, eating food or drinking liquids that are contaminated with norovirus, or touching contaminated objects or surfaces. […] There is no specific medicine to treat people with norovirus illness. […] Antibiotic drugs will not help treat norovirus infections because they fight bacteria, not viruses.

• #2 Stomach flu is actually viral gastroenteritis | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/stomach-flu-is-actually-viral-gastroenteritis

  What we commonly refer to as stomach flu is more accurately known as viral gastroenteritis. Its different from the actual flu, which is a respiratory illness that affects the throat, nose and lungs. Unlike the flu, which is caused by the influenza virus, stomach flu typically arises from infection with a different set of viruses. They target the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the stomach and the large and small intestines. […] The two most common causes of viral gastroenteritis are rotaviruses and noroviruses. Rotavirus disease is most often seen in infants and young children. Older children and adults can also become infected, but their symptoms tend to be less severe. Noroviruses, which are the most common cause of stomach flu in adults, can affect children as well. […] Both rotaviruses and noroviruses are highly contagious. They spread through direct contact with contaminated food, drink, dishes, utensils and surfaces, and through close contact with an infected individual. Both of the viruses are shed in a contaminated persons stool. If that person fails to thoroughly wash their hands after a bowel movement, they can spread the live virus to everything that they touch.

• #2 Norovirus Fact Sheet – MN Dept. of HealthMinnesota Department of HealthMinnesota Department of healthprintsearchsharefacebookinstagramlinkedintwitteryoutube

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/norovirus/noro.html

  Noroviruses are a group of viruses (previously known as Norwalk-like viruses) that can cause gastroenteritis, an inflammation of the stomach and intestines. […] This infection is often mistakenly referred to as the “stomach flu”. Norovirus is not related to the flu (influenza), which is a common respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus. […] Noroviruses are very contagious. They are found in the stool (feces) or vomit of infected people. From there, noroviruses are transferred to food, water, or surfaces by the hands of infected people who have not washed adequately after using the bathroom. […] People become infected with norovirus by: Eating food or drinking liquids contaminated by an infected person. Eating uncooked shellfish that has been harvested from contaminated waters. Touching contaminated surfaces or objects and then touching their mouth or eating without washing their hands first.

• #2 Norovirus (Stomach Flu) Cases Are Surging: 3 Things to Know > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/norovirus-stomach-flu-cases-are-surging-3-things-to-know

  Infections typically happen when particles of the virus are transmitted through the fecal-oral route, meaning fecal matter that contains the virus somehow gets into a person’s mouth. […] A person who has been sick with norovirus sheds billions of virus particles in their stool or vomit. And it only takes an exposure of as few as 10 particles for an individual to develop an infection. […] The virus can contaminate food and drink as well, and causes 58% of foodborne illnesses in the U.S., according to the CDC. […] While a norovirus outbreak can occur anywhere, it is especially common in places where people are in close contact, such as schools and nursing homes. […] There is no medication that specifically treats norovirus—antibiotics treat bacterial diseases, such as bacterial pneumonia, and don’t help with viruses. […] Young children, older adults, and/or those who are immunocompromised face a higher risk for complications than others. Each year, there are 900 norovirus-related deaths, mostly among adults ages 65 years and older.

• #2 Viral Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu) Symptoms & Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/

  Viral gastroenteritis can be caused by a number of different types of viruses, including rotavirus, norovirus, and adenovirus. The viruses can be transmitted directly from one person to another or spread through contaminated food and water. […] Viral gastroenteritis can be caused by many different viruses, including: Norovirus, Rotavirus, Astrovirus, Adenovirus, Sapovirus. […] The viruses can be transmitted easily from one person to another through close contact, for example by touching a person with stomach flu and then touching one’s mouth, or sharing food, cutlery, or towels with the person. Another route of transmission is touching a contaminated surface or object, such as a doorknob, counter, or changing table, and then touching one’s mouth. Infection can also occur through the consumption of contaminated food and drinks, such as in the case of unhygienic food preparation, e.g., a cook not washing their hands after going to the toilet, or inadequately-treated drinking water.

• #2 What Is Stomach Flu or Viral Gastroenteritis? | Rose Wellness

  https://rosewellness.com/what-is-stomach-flu-viral-gastroenteritis/

  Adenovirus can affect individuals of any age. This viral infection typically spreads through the air (coughing or sneezing), contact with a contaminated object, or contact with an individual with the virus. The most common symptoms of adenovirus include runny nose, coughing, sore throat, pink eye, fever, and vomiting. […] Astrovirus commonly affects children. The virus spreads through close contact, food, or touching a contaminated surface. The most common symptoms of astrovirus are diarrhea, mild dehydration, stomach pain, and headache. […] Viral gastroenteritis is highly contagious. There are several different ways the virus can be spread, including close contact with an individual with the virus, coming in contact with a contaminated surface and touching your mouth, and eating or drinking contaminated foods.

• #2 Gastroenteritis in Children – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/gastrointestinal-disorders-in-children/gastroenteritis-in-children

  Gastroenteritis is usually caused by a viral, bacterial, or parasitic infection. […] Most gastroenteritis is caused by viruses (most common cause). […] Viruses are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the United States. […] The two most common are Norovirus (most common in the United States) and Rotavirus (most common worldwide). […] Children usually contract viral gastroenteritis from other children who have had it or who have been exposed to it. […] Fecal-oral transmission is the usual way that viral gastroenteritis spreads. […] Norovirus has become the most common cause of gastroenteritis in all age groups, including children, in the United States since the introduction of rotavirus vaccines. […] Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe, dehydrating diarrhea among infants and children worldwide.

• #2 Gastroenteritis | Better Health ChannelExternal LinkExternal LinkExternal LinkExternal LinkExternal LinkExternal LinkExternal Link

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/gastroenteritis

  Infectious gastroenteritis is caused by viruses, bacteria or parasites. In each case, infection occurs when the agent is ingested, usually by eating or drinking. […] Viral gastroenteritis – infection is caused by person-to-person contact such as touching contaminated hands, faeces or vomit, or by drinking contaminated water or food.

• #2 Gastroenteritis (stomach flu) | Gouvernement du Québec

  https://www.quebec.ca/en/health/health-issues/flu-cold-and-gastroenteritis/gastroenteritis

  Gastroenteritis, also referred to as „stomach flu,” is inflammation of the stomach and intestinal lining, which causes diarrhea and vomiting. […] It can be caused by a virus, a bacteria or a parasite. Norovirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in adults. In children, rotavirus is more often involved. These viruses circulate mainly in the fall and winter. […] Gastroenteritis is a contagious illness. An infected person can transmit the illness as long they have symptoms and up to 2 weeks after they have disappeared. […] Gastroenteritis can be transmitted: Through consumption of contaminated water or food; Through direct contact with a contaminated person, for example by kissing or shaking hands, if the person’s hands are contaminated with microbes from stools; Through indirect contact with contaminated people or objects; Through breathing droplets spewed into the air, by vomit for instance. […] Rotavirus is the main virus responsible for gastroenteritis in children. Giving young children vaccination against this virus is the best way to protect them against gastroenteritis.

• #2 What Is Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu)? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/gastroenteritis/guide/

  Most cases of parasitic gastroenteritis are caused by giardia and cryptosporidium. […] Ingesting certain drugs or chemical toxins, such as metals or plant substances, can lead to gastroenteritis, although this is rare. […] Gastroenteritis is a contagious illness and is commonly spread by: […] Viruses are often passed through the fecal-oral route. […] Gastroenteritis can affect anyone, but certain people may be at an increased risk, including: […] Kids immune systems havent fully developed, which puts them at risk for catching viruses. […] As you age, your immune system becomes less effective. […] Being in close quarters with others can increase your risk of gastroenteritis. […] Some chronic illnesses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), can compromise your immune system and make you more susceptible to developing gastroenteritis.

• #2 Viral Gastroenteritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518995/

  The most frequent cause of diarrheal disease worldwide is acute viral gastroenteritis. Men and women are affected equally. Norovirus is the most common viral cause. Norovirus accounts for 90% of epidemic diarrheal cases worldwide and approximately 50% of all viral gastroenteritis cases. […] Before routine vaccination, rotavirus was the most common cause of diarrheal illness in the pediatric population, with roughly 3.5 million cases yearly in the United States. Nearly all children possessed rotavirus antibodies by age 3. […] The clinical manifestations of viral gastroenteritis are due to the effects that the viruses, along with specific cytotoxins, have on the enterocytes of the intestine. […] The prognosis of viral gastroenteritis in most cases is excellent and self-limited. However, continued maintenance of oral hydration is essential, even if a patient does not seek medical care.

• #2 Viral Gastroenteritis – Orlando Gastroenterology

  https://orlandogastroenterology.com/viral-gastroenteritis/

  Diagnosis is based on the symptoms and a physical examination. Currently only rotavirus can be rapidly detected in a stool test. […] Viral gastroenteritis has no specific treatment; antibiotics are not effective against viruses. Treatment focuses on reducing the symptoms and preventing dehydration. […] Infants, young children, the elderly, and people with weak immune systems have a higher risk of developing dehydration due to vomiting and diarrhea. […] Avoid viral gastroenteritis by washing hands thoroughly after using the bathroom or changing diapers, disinfecting contaminated surfaces, and avoiding foods or liquids that might be contaminated.

• #2 Gastroenteritis: Symptoms, Type, Causes & Treatments | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/gastroenteritis/

  Viral gastroenteritis is highly contagious, leading to outbreaks in schools, hospitals, prisons and other places where large numbers of people are in close proximity. […] It has been suggested that swallowing airborne viral particles after someone has vomited may also be a possible route of transmission for some viruses. […] Gastroenteritis can also be caused by infection with intestinal parasites. The two most commonly implicated are giardia and cryptosporidium. […] Some cases of gastroenteritis are not caused by the bacteria themselves, but by toxins that they release. The harmful byproducts of certain types of bacteria can contaminate food, causing food poisoning when ingested. […] While uncommon, in susceptible people gastroenteritis can be an adverse effect of certain medications. […] Gastroenteritis can also be triggered by the ingestion of heavy metals such as lead, mercury and arsenic. […] Most cases of gastroenteritis clear within a few days to a week.

• #2 Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu) – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/viral-gastroenteritis-stomach-flu

  Viral gastroenteritis is present when a virus causes an infection of the stomach and intestine. The infection can lead to diarrhea and vomiting. It is sometimes called the „stomach flu.” […] Many types of viruses can cause gastroenteritis. The most common viruses are: Norovirus (Norwalk-like virus) is common among school-age children. It may also cause outbreaks in hospitals and on cruise ships. Rotavirus is the leading cause of gastroenteritis in children. It can also infect adults who are exposed to children with the virus and people living in nursing homes. […] Gastroenteritis can affect one person or a group of people who all ate the same food or drank the same water. The germs may get into your system in many ways: Directly from food or water, By way of objects such as plates and eating utensils, Passed from person to person by way of close contact. […] COVID-19 may cause stomach flu symptoms, even when breathing problems are not present.

• #2 Viral Gastroenteritis – Orlando Gastroenterology

  https://orlandogastroenterology.com/viral-gastroenteritis/

  Viral gastroenteritis is an intestinal infection caused by several different viruses. Highly contagious, viral gastroenteritis is the second most common illness in the United States. It causes millions of cases of diarrhea each year. […] The viruses that cause viral gastroenteritis damage the cells in the lining of the small intestine. As a result, fluids leak from the cells into the intestine and produce watery diarrhea. Four types of viruses cause most viral gastroenteritis. […] Viral gastroenteritis is often mistakenly called “stomach flu,” but it is not caused by the influenza virus and it does not infect the stomach. Also, viral gastroenteritis is not caused by bacteria or parasites. […] Viral gastroenteritis is highly contagious. The viruses are commonly transmitted by people with unwashed hands. People can get the viruses through close contact with infected individuals by sharing their food, drink, or eating utensils, or by eating food or drinking beverages that are contaminated with the virus.

• #2 Stomach Flu, Food Poisoning or Influenza: Which One Do You Have? | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/healthbeat/healthy-tips/stomach-flu-food-poisoning-or-influenza-which-one-do-you-have

  Stomach flu (viral gastroenteritis) happens when your stomach and intestines become inflamed. The inflammation is caused by your immune systems response to a viral infection. Some of the most common viruses associated with stomach flu are rotavirus and norovirus, says Dr. Delgado. The viruses can be found in the vomit or diarrhea of infected people. People who are infected can spread the virus to things they touch, especially if they dont wash their hands after using the bathroom or changing a diaper. Food handlers with the infection can spread it to others through food and drinks. […] Stomach flu lasts about 48 hours, but severe cases can last more than two weeks. […] Symptoms of stomach flu often begin about one to two days after the virus gets into your body. […] Compared to food poisoning, stomach flu tends to present with more nausea and vomiting, but less diarrhea. […] Flu primarily affects your nose, throat and lungs while stomach flu affects your stomach and intestines.

• #2 Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu): Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/gastroenteritis

  Gastroenteritis is when your stomach and intestines are irritated and inflamed. This can cause belly pain, cramping, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The cause is typically inflammation triggered by your immune system’s response to a viral or bacterial infection. However, infections caused by fungi or parasites or irritation from chemicals can also lead to gastroenteritis. […] The most common cause of gastroenteritis is a virus. The main types are norovirus and rotavirus. […] When caused by an infection most often a virus gastroenteritis is contagious. […] Norovirus is very contagious, which means it spreads easily and quickly. […] Both adults and kids get rotavirus, but kids are more likely to have serious symptoms, such as severe dehydration. […] Bacteria such as Escherichia coli and salmonella can also trigger the stomach flu. But this isn’t as common as cases that are caused by a virus. […] Parasites can also cause gastroenteritis, but it’s not common. […] Gastroenteritis is not contagious, but the infections that cause it are. […] Most cases of viral gastroenteritis will be over in a few days, but you may be sick for up to 2 weeks with some viruses, such as adenovirus.

• #2 Stomach Flu Virus Symptoms, Contagious, Treatment, Recovery

  https://www.medicinenet.com/gastroenteritis_stomach_flu/article.htm

  Bacterial causes of gastroenteritis that occur worldwide are Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter Aeromonas, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains of bacteria. […] Parasites such as Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba infections can cause gastroenteritis, and occasionally, other parasites have outbreaks such as the Cyclospora outbreak that occurred from 2012 to 2013 in the U.S. […] The large majority of causes (viral and bacterial) of gastroenteritis are contagious, usually through food or water contamination. […] Most viral and bacterial causes of stomach flu can be transferred to other people by direct and indirect contact, usually by the fecal-oral route. […] Gastroenteritis (stomach flu) is a common, worldwide disease and almost everyone suffers from it a few times in their life because it is almost impossible to avoid contact with some of the viral and bacterial causes.

• #2 Gastroenteritis in Children – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/gastrointestinal-disorders-in-children/gastroenteritis-in-children

  Gastroenteritis caused by parasites (such as Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium parvum) is usually acquired by drinking contaminated water or by fecal-oral transmission. […] Gastroenteritis may result from ingesting chemical toxins. […] Many medications cause diarrhea. […] Gastroenteritis resulting from a viral or bacterial infection can also cause fever.

• #2 Gastroenteritis | MUSC Health | Charleston SC

  https://muschealth.org/medical-services/ddc/patients/digestive-diseases/stomach-and-duodenum/gastroenteritis

  Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract in both the stomach and the small intestine. The most common form of gastroenteritis is viral. […] Many different viruses can cause gastroenteritis, but the most common viruses are rotavirus and norovirus. […] This type of virus can affect people of any age and is highly contagious. Most active between the months of November and April, the norovirus is spread through contaminated surfaces, water or food, as well as other infected individuals. […] Besides viral, there are two other variations of gastroenteritis: bacterial and parasitic. […] Although viruses cause most infections of the gastrointestinal system, bacterial infections are also quite common. Bacterial gastroenteritis tends to develop as the result of poor hygiene. […] In the case of parasitic gastroenteritis, the two most common causes are from Giardia and Cryptosporidium.

• #2 Gastroenteritis | Stomach flu | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html

  Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines. The main symptoms include vomiting and diarrhea. It is usually not serious in healthy people, but it can sometimes lead to dehydration or cause severe symptoms. […] There can be many different causes of gastroenteritis: Viruses, Bacteria, Parasites, Chemicals, Reactions to certain medicines and food. […] Viral gastroenteritis is the most common type. It can be caused by many different viruses, including noroviruses and rotaviruses. Some people call viral gastroenteritis the „stomach flu.” But this name is not medically correct. It is not caused by flu viruses. The flu is a respiratory infection that affects your nose, throat and lungs. […] When gastroenteritis is caused by consuming foods or drinks contaminated with viruses, bacteria, parasites, or chemicals, this is called food poisoning. […] The viruses, bacteria, and parasites that cause gastroenteritis can also spread from person to person. You could be infected when you touch something that has the germs on it and then touch your eyes, mouth, or nose.

• #2 What Is Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu)? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/gastroenteritis/guide/

  Gastroenteritis usually comes on suddenly and sticks around for just a short time. […] Gastroenteritis will usually run its course and go away on its own. […] Theres no specific medical treatment for viral gastroenteritis. […] If you have a bacterial or parasitic infection, your doctor might prescribe antibiotics. […] Gastroenteritis can cause a wide range of symptoms, from mild stomach upset to severe vomiting and diarrhea. […] Signs of dehydration may include: […] Severe dehydration can lead to organ damage, shock, a coma, or even death. […] Norovirus is estimated to cause between 19 and 21 million cases of viral gastroenteritis each year in the United States. […] Worldwide, severe gastroenteritis is believed to cause over one million deaths each year. […] Although gastroenteritis is sometimes referred to as the stomach flu, its not a form of influenza. […] The flu viruses do not cause gastroenteritis, and a flu vaccine wont protect against it.

• #2 Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.mountelizabeth.com.sg/health-plus/article/all-about-gastroenteritis-health-plus

  Gastroenteritis is a viral infection which causes inflammation in your stomach and intestines. […] Gastroenteritis is a contagious viral infection, usually caused by rotavirus or norovirus. Norovirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, accounting for 685 million cases a year. […] The viruses that cause gastroenteritis are often transmitted through: Person to person contact, Water or food that is contaminated, Failure to keep surfaces clean, Poor hand-washing techniques, Being in cramped or close quarters with infected people. […] Contrary to popular belief, gastroenteritis is not the same as food poisoning. Gastroenteritis is the inflammation of the stomach or the intestine. However, if the gastroenteritis is caused by contaminated food, it is then labelled as food poisoning.

• #2 Viral Gastroenteritis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176515-overview

  Acute gastroenteritis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. […] Etiologies include bacteria, viruses, parasites, toxins, and drugs. […] In the United States, viruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. […] The first is sporadic gastroenteritis in infants, which most frequently is caused by rotavirus. […] After rotavirus, the most important cause of acute infantile gastroenteritis probably is calicivirus infection. […] Astrovirus infection is associated with 2-9% of cases of infantile gastroenteritis worldwide, making it the third most frequent cause after rotavirus and calicivirus. […] Researchers have recognized for a long time that certain enteric adenoviruses are an important cause of infantile gastroenteritis. […] Most cases of epidemic viral gastroenteritis in adults and children are caused by the caliciviruses. […] Few studies have examined the causes of sporadic cases of adult viral gastroenteritis.

• #2 Stomach Flu & Diarrhea: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments | IMODIUM®

  https://www.imodium.com/what-causes-diarrhea/stomach-flu

  The unpleasant illness that we generally call the stomach flu is an intestinal infection called gastroenteritis. Stomach flu is a common condition where the stomach and intestines are irritated and inflamed by viral or bacterial toxins. […] The most common causes of stomach flu are: […] Viruses […] Norovirus in adults […] Rotavirus in children […] Drinking contaminated water (traveler’s diarrhea) […] Bacterial food poisoning, caused by the 4 most common germs: […] Salmonella […] Staphylococcus aureus (commonly known as staph) […] Campylobacter […] Clostridium perfingens. […] Norovirus is estimated to cause around 19 to 21 million cases of gastroenteritis in the U.S. annually with most outbreaks happening from November to April. […] Rotavirus is a contagious stomach virus that causes severe diarrhea in infants and young children. […] Some adults may have a higher risk of getting rotavirus, including those who are older, those who care for children with rotavirus, or those with compromised immune systems.

• #2 Norovirus (Stomach Flu) Cases Are Surging: 3 Things to Know > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/norovirus-stomach-flu-cases-are-surging-3-things-to-know

  Norovirus, the most common cause of viral stomach flu, is on the rise in the United States. Norovirus infections cause acute gastroenteritis—a stomach bug with cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, and other symptoms. […] No one can say for sure why norovirus is spiking even higher now. But there are many subtypes of the virus, and one possible reason could be that a strain called GII.17—which was once uncommon here, so fewer people have a strong immunity to it—has become increasingly dominant in the U.S. In recent months, seven out of 10 norovirus outbreaks in this country are linked to this strain. […] Norovirus classically increases in the winter months for many reasons, but the major one is that everyone is congregating indoors, especially with the holidays. […] Norovirus is a stomach flu that is highly contagious even after symptoms subside. Although norovirus is also called the stomach flu, it’s not related to influenza, and the flu shot won’t prevent an infection or lessen the symptoms if you get it. It’s a virus that causes inflammation of the stomach and/or intestines, leading to acute gastroenteritis that comes on suddenly.

• #2 Food poisoning | Communicable Diseases Agency

  https://www.cda.gov.sg/professionals/diseases/food-poisoning

  Gastroenteritis refers to the inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often caused by infections from bacteria, parasites, or viruses. Some bacteria cause the symptoms of gastroenteritis by releasing toxins. When the infection is caused by a virus, it is known as viral gastroenteritis, commonly referred to as the „stomach flu”. […] Antimicrobial agents are of no value in the management of viral gastroenteritis. […] Immunisation: Vaccinate with the rotavirus vaccine to protect young children from rotavirus, which is one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis in children.

• #2 Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu)

  https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/zh-Hant/viral-gastroenteritis-stomach-flu-zh-hant?language=en

  Viral gastroenteritis, often called „stomach flu,” is an infection that causes inflammation of the stomach and intestines. […] Viral gastroenteritis is an infection of the stomach and intestines, caused by a virus. […] Viral gastroenteritis means the inflammation is caused by infection from a virus. It often causes vomiting (throwing up), diarrhea or both. […] Viruses that cause viral gastroenteritis include rotaviruses, adenoviruses, caliciviruses, astroviruses and noroviruses. […] Viral gastroenteritis is often called „stomach flu,” but it is not caused by the influenza virus. […] Viral gastroenteritis can spread through the following methods: sharing food, water or eating utensils such as forks and knives with someone who has the virus. […] People of all ages and backgrounds can get viral gastroenteritis.

• #3 Gastroenteritis | Stomach flu | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html

  Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines. The main symptoms include vomiting and diarrhea. It is usually not serious in healthy people, but it can sometimes lead to dehydration or cause severe symptoms. […] There can be many different causes of gastroenteritis: Viruses, Bacteria, Parasites, Chemicals, Reactions to certain medicines and food. […] Viral gastroenteritis is the most common type. It can be caused by many different viruses, including noroviruses and rotaviruses. Some people call viral gastroenteritis the „stomach flu.” But this name is not medically correct. It is not caused by flu viruses. The flu is a respiratory infection that affects your nose, throat and lungs. […] When gastroenteritis is caused by consuming foods or drinks contaminated with viruses, bacteria, parasites, or chemicals, this is called food poisoning. […] The viruses, bacteria, and parasites that cause gastroenteritis can also spread from person to person. You could be infected when you touch something that has the germs on it and then touch your eyes, mouth, or nose.

• #3 Viral Gastroenteritis – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=viral-gastroenteritis-134-208

  Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation, swelling, and irritation of the inside lining of your gastrointestinal tract. A virus causes this illness. It can infect your stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. […] Several viruses can cause gastroenteritis. […] Some of the common viruses that cause gastroenteritis include: Rotavirus, Norovirus, and Adenovirus. […] Many other viruses can also cause viral gastroenteritis. […] It can be caused by rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, and other viruses.

• #3 Stomach Flu Virus Symptoms, Contagious, Treatment, Recovery

  https://www.medicinenet.com/gastroenteritis_stomach_flu/article.htm

  Gastroenteritis is a nonspecific term for various inflammatory problems in the gastrointestinal tract with the most common symptoms and signs being diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pains. Gastroenteritis is often referred to as the „stomach flu,” but it is not related to the influenza virus. […] Infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses are the most frequent causes of gastroenteritis in the U.S. and worldwide. Infections cause diarrhea and other symptoms by causing inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tissue. […] The most prevalent cause of gastroenteritis in the U.S. and the world is Norovirus. It causes about 50%-70% of viral gastroenteritis cases, while Rotavirus, Astrovirus, Adenovirus, and Sapovirus strains cause most of the other viral gastroenteritis infections.

• #3 About Norovirus | Norovirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/about/index.html

  Norovirus is the leading cause of vomiting and diarrhea, and foodborne illness in the United States. […] Norovirus is a very contagious virus that causes vomiting and diarrhea. […] Norovirus causes acute gastroenteritis, an inflammation of the stomach or intestines. […] Infection with one type of norovirus may not protect you against other types. […] If eaten raw, oysters and other filter-feeding shellfish can contain viruses and bacteria that can cause illness or death. […] Norovirus spreads very easily and quickly in different ways. […] You can get norovirus by having direct contact with someone with norovirus, eating food or drinking liquids that are contaminated with norovirus, or touching contaminated objects or surfaces. […] There is no specific medicine to treat people with norovirus illness. […] Antibiotic drugs will not help treat norovirus infections because they fight bacteria, not viruses.

• #3 Stomach Flu: Signs, Symptoms, & Other Stomach Bug Facts

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/ss/slideshow-stomach-flu

  This may be what you call it when you feel sick to your stomach, but doctors call it gastroenteritis. Its usually caused by a virus, but its not the flu virus, so its not actually stomach flu. Bacteria and parasites also can cause it. […] A number of viruses can cause gastroenteritis. Rotavirus is the leading cause in infants and young children. It can affect adults, too, but their symptoms are milder. Norovirus is the most common cause in adults. Less common ones include adenovirus — which can take up to 10 days to cause symptoms — and astrovirus. Both of these affect children more often than adults. […] These microscopic living organisms are all around you — many are harmless, and some are even helpful. But others, like Salmonella and E. coli, can get into your food and cause stomach issues. […] Parasites are tiny creatures that live inside other animals. This kind of gastroenteritis doesnt happen often in the U.S. or other developed countries, but certain parasites called Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia can spread through water and cause infection.

• #3 Stomach Flu – Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/hospitals-near-me/gurugram-hospital/speciality/gi-surgery/disease/stomach-flu

  Rotavirus is a common cause of stomach flu in infants and young children but can also affect adults. It is highly contagious and is spread through contact with contaminated surfaces, objects, or faecal matter. […] Adenovirus is a common cause of stomach flu in children but can also affect adults. It is spread through contact with contaminated surfaces, objects, or faecal matter, or by coming into direct contact with an infected person. […] Astrovirus is a less common cause of stomach flu and is most often seen in children. It is spread through contact with contaminated food or water, or by coming into direct contact with an infected person. […] Sapovirus is a less common cause of stomach flu and is most often seen in children. It is spread through contact with contaminated food or water, or by coming into direct contact with an infected person. […] Stomach flu is caused by a virus, most commonly norovirus or rotavirus.

• #3 Stomach Flu Symptoms and Treatment | Austin Gastroenterology

  https://www.austingastro.com/patient-education/viral-gastroenteritis/

  Viral gastroenteritis, better known as the stomach flu, is the leading cause of severe diarrhea. The condition causes inflammation of the lining of the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Viral gastroenteritis is extremely common and highly contagious. […] Viruses that cause gastroenteritis may be found in contaminated food or drinking water or in the stool and vomit of people who are infected. […] There are several viruses that cause the stomach flu. Rotavirus is most common among infants and young children, while the norovirus is most common in adults. Norovirus is usually responsible for large outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis, such as those you hear about on cruise ships. […] Viruses that cause gastroenteritis are found in the stool and vomit of people who are infected as well as in contaminated food or drinking water. The virus is spread if you do not wash your hands thoroughly after using the bathroom or changing the diaper of an infected infant. The virus can also become airborne through vomit. […] Symptoms typically appear within 4 to 48 hours after exposure to the virus.

• #3 Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu)

  https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/zh-Hant/viral-gastroenteritis-stomach-flu-zh-hant?language=en

  For most people, viral gastroenteritis is not a serious illness. […] Viral gastroenteritis can be a serious illness in people who are unable to drink enough fluids to replace what they lose through vomiting or diarrhea. […] People with immune system problems are at risk for dehydration because they may get more severe symptoms, including more vomiting and diarrhea.

• #3 The Difference: Stomach Flu vs. Food Poisoning | Banner Health

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/teach-me/stomach-flu-or-food-poisoning-how-to-tell-the-difference

  Norovirus is one of the top causes of both stomach flu and food poisoning in the U.S. […] Stomach flu is mainly caused by viruses like norovirus, rotavirus or adenovirus, though bacteria can also cause it. These germs spread through contaminated food, water, surfaces or close contact with someone who is sick. […] Viral gastroenteritis is usually spread through the fecal-oral route, such as unwashed hands after using the bathroom or changing a baby’s diaper, Dr. Hinz said. […] Food poisoning occurs from eating food or drinking water contaminated with harmful bacteria, viruses, toxins or parasites. […] More than 250 foodborne diseases can cause food poisoning, with bacteria like E. coli, salmonella and campylobacter being the most common, Dr. Hinz said. […] Stomach flu is contagious and usually caused by viruses, while food poisoning is caused by something you eat or drink.

• #4 Norovirus (Stomach Flu) Cases Are Surging: 3 Things to Know > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/norovirus-stomach-flu-cases-are-surging-3-things-to-know

  Norovirus, the most common cause of viral stomach flu, is on the rise in the United States. Norovirus infections cause acute gastroenteritis—a stomach bug with cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, and other symptoms. […] No one can say for sure why norovirus is spiking even higher now. But there are many subtypes of the virus, and one possible reason could be that a strain called GII.17—which was once uncommon here, so fewer people have a strong immunity to it—has become increasingly dominant in the U.S. In recent months, seven out of 10 norovirus outbreaks in this country are linked to this strain. […] Norovirus classically increases in the winter months for many reasons, but the major one is that everyone is congregating indoors, especially with the holidays. […] Norovirus is a stomach flu that is highly contagious even after symptoms subside. Although norovirus is also called the stomach flu, it’s not related to influenza, and the flu shot won’t prevent an infection or lessen the symptoms if you get it. It’s a virus that causes inflammation of the stomach and/or intestines, leading to acute gastroenteritis that comes on suddenly.

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