Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Ectopic Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9687-ectopic-pregnancy

  An ectopic pregnancy happens when a fertilized egg implants outside of your uterus, most commonly in your fallopian tube. This condition can lead to bleeding in the birth mother. An ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening condition that requires emergency treatment. […] Ectopic pregnancies can become life-threatening, especially if your fallopian tube breaks (ruptures). This is a ruptured ectopic pregnancy, and it can cause severe bleeding, infection and sometimes, death. This is a medical emergency. Healthcare providers must treat ectopic pregnancies quickly. […] The early symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy can be very similar to typical pregnancy symptoms. However, you may experience additional symptoms during an ectopic pregnancy, including: Vaginal bleeding. Pain in your lower abdomen, pelvis and lower back. Dizziness or weakness.

• #2 Ectopic pregnancy: Future fertility – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/ectopic-pregnancy-signs-treatment-and-future-fertility

  Ectopic pregnancies may be rare. However, when an ectopic pregnancy is discovered, it needs to be taken seriously. Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside of the uterus. It attaches to the fallopian tube 90% of the time. However, in other instances, it can attach to the ovary, cesarean section scar, cervix or even the abdomen. If attached to the abdomen, the danger of complications is significantly increased. […] An ectopic pregnancy doesn’t have specific symptoms and health care professionals can easily miss it if they fail to keep it in mind. Symptoms related to ectopic pregnancy do vary between showing no symptoms, especially during the very early stages, to severe lower abdominal pain with dizziness caused by massive internal bleeding. […] Commonly reported symptoms of ectopic pregnancies include vaginal spotting and vague lower abdominal or pelvic pain.

• #3 Ectopic pregnancy – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20372088

  You may not notice any symptoms at first. However, some women who have an ectopic pregnancy have the usual early signs or symptoms of pregnancy a missed period, breast tenderness and nausea. […] As the fertilized egg grows in the improper place, signs and symptoms become more noticeable. […] Often, the first warning signs of an ectopic pregnancy are light vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain. […] If blood leaks from the fallopian tube, you may feel shoulder pain or an urge to have a bowel movement. Your specific symptoms depend on where the blood collects and which nerves are irritated. […] If the fertilized egg continues to grow in the fallopian tube, it can cause the tube to rupture. Heavy bleeding inside the abdomen is likely. Symptoms of this life-threatening event include extreme lightheadedness, fainting and shock. […] Seek emergency medical help if you have any signs or symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy, including: Severe abdominal or pelvic pain accompanied by vaginal bleeding, Extreme lightheadedness or fainting, Shoulder pain.

• #4 Ectopic Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9687-ectopic-pregnancy

  An ectopic pregnancy happens when a fertilized egg implants outside of your uterus, most commonly in your fallopian tube. This condition can lead to bleeding in the birth mother. An ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening condition that requires emergency treatment. […] Ectopic pregnancies can become life-threatening, especially if your fallopian tube breaks (ruptures). This is a ruptured ectopic pregnancy, and it can cause severe bleeding, infection and sometimes, death. This is a medical emergency. Healthcare providers must treat ectopic pregnancies quickly. […] The early symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy can be very similar to typical pregnancy symptoms. However, you may experience additional symptoms during an ectopic pregnancy, including: Vaginal bleeding. Pain in your lower abdomen, pelvis and lower back. Dizziness or weakness.

• #5 Ectopic Pregnancy (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ectopic.html

  Ectopic pregnancy can be hard to diagnose because symptoms often are like those of a normal early pregnancy. These can include missed periods, breast tenderness, nausea, vomiting, tiredness, or frequent urination (peeing). […] Often, the first warning signs of an ectopic pregnancy are pain or vaginal bleeding. There might be pain in the pelvis, abdomen, or even the shoulder or neck (if blood from a ruptured ectopic pregnancy builds up and irritates certain nerves). The pain can range from mild and dull to severe and sharp. It might be felt on just one side of the pelvis or all over. […] These symptoms also might happen with an ectopic pregnancy: vaginal spotting, dizziness or fainting (caused by blood loss), low blood pressure (also caused by blood loss), lower back pain.

• #6 Ectopic Pregnancy: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

  https://www.fertilitytexas.com/ectopic-pregnancy/

  Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants and begins to grow outside the uterus’s main cavity. The most common location for an ectopic pregnancy is within the fallopian tubes, which is why it’s often called a tubal pregnancy. […] Symptoms of an Ectopic Pregnancy include light vaginal bleeding, abdominal, pelvic, and lower back pain, and weakness or dizziness. […] In more severe cases, an ectopic pregnancy can cause life-threatening symptoms that require immediate medical attention. Some signs include heavy vaginal bleeding, shoulder pain, nausea and vomiting, hypotension (low blood pressure), fainting, and painful urination or bowel movements. […] You may feel a sudden, sharp pain in your lower abdomen when a tube bursts. This is a serious emergency, so contact your healthcare provider or go to the emergency room immediately.

• #7 Does an ectopic pregnancy show positive on a pregnancy test? | Vinmec

  https://www.vinmec.com/eng/blog/ectopic-pregnancy-does-a-pregnancy-test-show-up-en

  Ectopic pregnancies do not develop in a fixed location but can implant in various areas, such as: […] If diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy, timely and proper treatment is crucial. This condition is an acute medical emergency; if left untreated, a ruptured gestational sac can cause massive bleeding, posing a life-threatening risk to the mother. […] Typically, ectopic pregnancies are detected between the 5th and 10th week of pregnancy, which corresponds to at least the 15th day of the menstrual cycle. If you experience symptoms such as vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, or a sudden drop in blood pressure, you should immediately go to the hospital for specialized tests to confirm whether you have an ectopic pregnancy. […] The signs of ectopic pregnancy are often subtle and difficult to detect. You may only discover it during routine prenatal checkups, or in severe cases, be hospitalized with intense abdominal pain and hemorrhagic shock when the ectopic pregnancy has ruptured.

• #8

  https://www.today.com/parents/what-ectopic-pregnancy-signs-symptoms-look-out-t152690

  Ectopic pregnancies often feel like a typical pregnancy in the beginning, with symptoms including mild cramping, breast tenderness and nausea. […] But if the cramping is severe and only happening on one side of the body, that could signal an ectopic pregnancy. […] Other symptoms include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain and low back pain. […] Most women are diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy early on, usually between six and 10 weeks. […] It’s very unusual for women to get past 12 to 14 weeks without knowing where the pregnancy is located, because most women will have had an ultrasound by then.

• #9 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=p02446

  Pregnant people with an ectopic pregnancy may have irregular bleeding and pelvic or belly (abdominal) pain. The pain is often just on one side. Symptoms often happen 6 to 8 weeks after the last normal menstrual period. If the ectopic pregnancy is not in the fallopian tube, symptoms may happen later. The classic symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy are: […] Symptoms most often appear 6 to 8 weeks after the last normal menstrual period. […] Don’t ignore symptoms of ectopic pregnancy. Call your healthcare provider if you have any bleeding or pain in pregnancy.

• #10

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/symptoms/

  Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy usually develop between the 4th and 12th weeks of pregnancy. […] You may have an ectopic pregnancy if you miss a period, have a positive pregnancy test, and have other signs of pregnancy. […] Vaginal bleeding tends to be a bit different to your regular period. It often starts and stops, and may be watery and dark brown in colour. […] You may experience tummy pain, typically low down on one side. It can develop suddenly or gradually, and may be persistent or come and go. […] Shoulder tip pain is an unusual pain felt where your shoulder ends and your arm begins. […] In a few cases, an ectopic pregnancy can grow large enough to split open the fallopian tube. This is known as a rupture. […] Signs of a rupture include a combination of: a sharp, sudden and intense pain in your tummy, feeling very dizzy or fainting, feeling sick.

• #11 70 Basic icons by Xicons.co

  https://ectopic.org.uk/ectopic-pregnancy-symptoms

  A missed or late period […] Vaginal bleeding […] Abdominal pain […] Shoulder tip pain […] Bladder or bowel problems […] Collapse. […] Ongoing bleeding that is sometimes red or brown/black and watery (like prune juice) should be investigated. The bleeding may be heavier or lighter than usual. Prolonged off/on light and sometimes heavy bleeding are quite often seen in ectopic pregnancy and should always prompt a pregnancy test and if positive should be urgently investigated with an Early Pregnancy Unit (EPU) referral. […] During pregnancy, it is not uncommon to experience a period-like ache in your lower tummy and back. However, the following should be investigated: One-sided pain in your tummy which may be persistent (which means it continues) or intermittent (which means it comes and goes). The pain may have begun suddenly or been gradual.

• #12 Ectopic Pregnancy: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/pregnancy/ectopic-pregnancy-leaflet

  Ectopic pregnancy symptoms typically develop around the sixth week of pregnancy. This is about two weeks after a missed period if you have regular periods. However, symptoms may develop at any time between 4 and 10 weeks of pregnancy, and if your periods are irregular, then it may not be clearly related to a missed period. […] Ectopic pregnancy symptoms include one or more of the following: Pain on one side of the lower tummy (abdomen). It may develop sharply, or may slowly get worse over several days. It can become severe. […] Vaginal bleeding often occurs but not always. It is often different to the bleeding of a period. For example, the bleeding may be heavier or lighter than a normal period. The blood may look darker. However, you may think the bleeding is a late period. […] Other symptoms may occur such as diarrhoea, feeling faint, or pain on passing poo (a stool).

• #13

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/ectopicpregnancy/

  An ectopic pregnancy doesn’t always cause symptoms and may only be detected during a routine pregnancy scan. […] If you do have symptoms, they tend to develop between the 4th and 12th week of pregnancy. […] Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy usually develop between the 4th and 12th weeks of pregnancy. […] Some women don’t have any symptoms at first. They may not find out they have an ectopic pregnancy until an early scan shows the problem or they develop more serious symptoms later on. […] You may have an ectopic pregnancy if you miss a period, have a positive pregnancy test and/or have other signs of pregnancy, in addition to any of the symptoms listed below. […] Vaginal bleeding tends to a bit different to your regular period. It often starts and stops, and may be watery and dark brown in colour.

• #14 70 Basic icons by Xicons.co

  https://ectopic.org.uk/ectopic-pregnancy-symptoms

  A missed or late period […] Vaginal bleeding […] Abdominal pain […] Shoulder tip pain […] Bladder or bowel problems […] Collapse. […] Ongoing bleeding that is sometimes red or brown/black and watery (like prune juice) should be investigated. The bleeding may be heavier or lighter than usual. Prolonged off/on light and sometimes heavy bleeding are quite often seen in ectopic pregnancy and should always prompt a pregnancy test and if positive should be urgently investigated with an Early Pregnancy Unit (EPU) referral. […] During pregnancy, it is not uncommon to experience a period-like ache in your lower tummy and back. However, the following should be investigated: One-sided pain in your tummy which may be persistent (which means it continues) or intermittent (which means it comes and goes). The pain may have begun suddenly or been gradual.

• #15 Ectopic Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9687-ectopic-pregnancy

  If your fallopian tube ruptures, the pain and bleeding could be severe enough to cause additional symptoms. These can include: Fainting. Low blood pressure (hypotension). Shoulder pain. Rectal pressure or bowel problems. […] When a tube bursts, you may feel sudden, sharp lower abdominal pain. This is a medical emergency. You should contact your healthcare provider or go to the emergency room immediately. […] An ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency. Your uterus is the only organ that can hold a growing fetus. It can stretch and expand as the fetus grows. Your fallopian tubes aren’t as flexible. They can burst as the fertilized egg develops. If this happens, it can cause severe, life-threatening internal bleeding. This is dangerous. An ectopic pregnancy needs to be treated right away to avoid injury to your fallopian tube and other organs, internal bleeding and possibly, death.

• #16 Ectopic pregnancy | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/pregnancy-and-childbirth/losing-a-baby/ectopic-pregnancy/

  Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy might include: pain in your lower abdomen (tummy) this might come on quickly or gradually, and can be widespread or on one side only […] Symptoms are commonly experienced around the 6th to 7th week of pregnancy. But, they can appear anywhere between 4 and 12 weeks of pregnancy. […] The signs of an ectopic pregnancy can vary from person to person, and will depend on where the ectopic pregnancy is. […] If you may be pregnant and you have new severe pain in your abdomen (tummy) […] have new severe pain in the tip of your shoulder that is worse when laying down, and is not helped by painkillers […] have pain in your lower abdomen that can come on quickly or gradually, and can be widespread or on one side only […] have vaginal bleeding […] have an upset stomach and diarrhoea […] have pain when you have a bowel movement (poo) […] have a urinary tract infection […] have pain when you pee.

• #17 What Is an Ectopic Pregnancy? Here Are the Signs to Look For

  https://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/ectopic-pregnancy/

  Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy develop between weeks 4 and 12 of pregnancy (or about two to 10 weeks after fertilization). However, an ectopic pregnancy can be hard to diagnose since many signs including breast tenderness, nausea and fatigue are similar to common early pregnancy symptoms. […] You should contact your practitioner if you experience the following signs of ectopic pregnancy, especially if your symptoms persist or worsen: Abnormal light bleeding or brown spotting after a positive pregnancy test […] Sharp, crampy abdominal pain, usually in the lower abdomen. It often begins as a dull ache that progresses to spasms and cramps. The pain may be continuous or intermittent, and it may worsen when you move, strain your bowels, or cough. […] If the ectopic pregnancy goes unnoticed and a fallopian tube or other organ ruptures, you may experience: Heavier bleeding

• #18

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/symptoms/

  The symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy will usually develop after week 6 of pregnancy. […] Symptoms include: pain in your tummy, especially low down and on 1 side, bleeding from your vagina, pain when peeing or pooing, upset tummy or diarrhoea, a missed period or some pregnancy symptoms, such as sore breasts or morning sickness, constant pain at the tip of your shoulder that does not go away when you rest or take painkillers. […] In some cases of ectopic pregnancy there might not be any symptoms. […] You have any of these symptoms, particularly bleeding from your vagina or pain in your tummy. […] Shoulder pain can be a sign you have internal bleeding. […] These symptoms could be a sign that you have internal bleeding, or your fallopian tube has burst.

• #19 Ectopic pregnancy – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20372088

  You may not notice any symptoms at first. However, some women who have an ectopic pregnancy have the usual early signs or symptoms of pregnancy a missed period, breast tenderness and nausea. […] As the fertilized egg grows in the improper place, signs and symptoms become more noticeable. […] Often, the first warning signs of an ectopic pregnancy are light vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain. […] If blood leaks from the fallopian tube, you may feel shoulder pain or an urge to have a bowel movement. Your specific symptoms depend on where the blood collects and which nerves are irritated. […] If the fertilized egg continues to grow in the fallopian tube, it can cause the tube to rupture. Heavy bleeding inside the abdomen is likely. Symptoms of this life-threatening event include extreme lightheadedness, fainting and shock. […] Seek emergency medical help if you have any signs or symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy, including: Severe abdominal or pelvic pain accompanied by vaginal bleeding, Extreme lightheadedness or fainting, Shoulder pain.

• #20 Ectopic Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9687-ectopic-pregnancy

  If your fallopian tube ruptures, the pain and bleeding could be severe enough to cause additional symptoms. These can include: Fainting. Low blood pressure (hypotension). Shoulder pain. Rectal pressure or bowel problems. […] When a tube bursts, you may feel sudden, sharp lower abdominal pain. This is a medical emergency. You should contact your healthcare provider or go to the emergency room immediately. […] An ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency. Your uterus is the only organ that can hold a growing fetus. It can stretch and expand as the fetus grows. Your fallopian tubes aren’t as flexible. They can burst as the fertilized egg develops. If this happens, it can cause severe, life-threatening internal bleeding. This is dangerous. An ectopic pregnancy needs to be treated right away to avoid injury to your fallopian tube and other organs, internal bleeding and possibly, death.

• #21

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/symptoms/

  Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy usually develop between the 4th and 12th weeks of pregnancy. […] You may have an ectopic pregnancy if you miss a period, have a positive pregnancy test, and have other signs of pregnancy. […] Vaginal bleeding tends to be a bit different to your regular period. It often starts and stops, and may be watery and dark brown in colour. […] You may experience tummy pain, typically low down on one side. It can develop suddenly or gradually, and may be persistent or come and go. […] Shoulder tip pain is an unusual pain felt where your shoulder ends and your arm begins. […] In a few cases, an ectopic pregnancy can grow large enough to split open the fallopian tube. This is known as a rupture. […] Signs of a rupture include a combination of: a sharp, sudden and intense pain in your tummy, feeling very dizzy or fainting, feeling sick.

• #22 70 Basic icons by Xicons.co

  https://ectopic.org.uk/ectopic-pregnancy-symptoms

  Shoulder tip pain tends to develop with other symptoms such as feeling unwell, abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding, faintness, abdominal bloating and fullness, or pain when opening your bowels (poo). […] If you are experiencing these signs of an ectopic pregnancy, with or without tip of the shoulder pain present, please seek medical emergency attention urgently. […] Ectopic pregnancy pain can be on one side of the tummy, or lower abdomen, or in the pelvic area. Experiencing these pains during early pregnancy may mean that you could be experiencing ectopic pregnancy. […] It can be difficult to know which symptoms are concerning. Are they symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy or normal pregnancy sensations? If you are at worried, you should seek medical advice. […] It is important to remember that normal pregnancy symptoms are common and that not everyone experiencing such symptoms will have an ectopic pregnancy. It could still be a viable, healthy pregnancy. However, it is important to be vigilant. If in doubt, seek medical attention and advice from healthcare professionals.

• #23 Ectopic Pregnancy: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/pregnancy/ectopic-pregnancy-leaflet

  Shoulder-tip pain may develop. This is due to some blood leaking into the abdomen and irritating the muscle used to breathe (the diaphragm). […] You may feel dizzy or faint. […] If the fallopian tube ruptures and causes internal bleeding, you may develop severe pain or 'collapse’. This is an emergency as the bleeding is heavy. […] Sometimes there are no warning symptoms (such as pain) before the tube ruptures. Therefore, collapse due to sudden heavy internal bleeding is occasionally the first sign of an ectopic pregnancy.

• #24 Ectopic Pregnancy: All Symptoms, Risks & Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/

  It is possible to have an ectopic pregnancy without experiencing any symptoms until rupture of the fallopian tube or close organs. After rupture, signs and symptoms may include: Severe stomach pain, Vaginal bleeding, Lightheadedness, sometimes followed by fainting, Shoulder pain, described as a strange pain that feels different to any pain that a person has otherwise experienced, located at the tip of the shoulder, where it joins the arm, caused by internal bleeding.

• #25 Ectopic Pregnancy – Rupture – Symptoms – Management – TeachMeObGyn

  https://teachmeobgyn.com/pregnancy/early/ectopic-pregnancy/

  The leading symptom of ectopic pregnancy is pain. Patients commonly present with lower abdominal/pelvic pain, with or without vaginal bleeding. There also can be a history of amenorrhoea. […] If the ectopic pregnancy has ruptured, the patient may also be haemodynamically unstable (pallor, increased capillary refill time, tachycardia, hypotension), with signs of peritonitis (abdominal rebound tenderness and guarding). Vaginal examination may reveal fullness in the pouch of Douglas. […] An untreated ectopic pregnancy can lead to fallopian tube rupture. The resulting blood loss can cause hypovolaemic shock, resulting in organ failure and death.

• #26 Quick Facts:Ectopic Pregnancy – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-women-s-health-issues/complications-of-pregnancy/ectopic-pregnancy

  If the sac holding the egg bursts, you may have: Intense, constant pain in your lower belly, Severe bleeding from your vagina (birth canal), Severe bleeding inside your belly (where it can’t be seen). […] Severe bleeding can cause fainting, sweating, or a light-headed feeling. Your blood pressure could become dangerously low (a condition called shock), and you could die.

• #27

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/

  An ectopic pregnancy doesn’t always cause symptoms and may only be detected during a routine pregnancy scan. […] If you do have symptoms, they tend to develop between the 4th and 12th week of pregnancy. […] Symptoms can include a combination of: a missed period and other signs of pregnancy, tummy pain low down on one side, vaginal bleeding or a brown watery discharge, pain in the tip of your shoulder, discomfort when peeing or pooing. […] But these symptoms aren’t necessarily a sign of a serious problem. They can sometimes be caused by other problems, such as a stomach bug.

• #28 Ectopic Pregnancy: Signs, Treatment and SupportCloseleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowCloseReconfirm cookies choice

  https://www.tommys.org/baby-loss-support/ectopic-pregnancy-information-support

  An ectopic pregnancy happens when a fertilised egg implants in the wrong place (usually the fallopian tube). […] Ectopic pregnancy is often a difficult and painful experience. […] Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy include pain in your lower stomach, vaginal bleeding, upset stomach and sudden diarrhoea, and pain when you poo or pee. […] Get emergency medical help if you have severe pain in your stomach, pain in the tip of your shoulder, or dizziness/fainting/collapse. […] It’s not always straightforward to diagnose an ectopic pregnancy as symptoms can vary a lot. There are some common symptoms you can look out for. They are most common around the 6th week of pregnancy but can appear anywhere between 4 and 12 weeks of pregnancy. […] Ectopic pregnancy can be life-threatening. This is because the growing baby can rupture the tube, causing internal bleeding.

• #29 Ectopic Pregnancy – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539860/

  Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube. Symptoms typically include lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy, particularly if intrauterine pregnancy has not been confirmed. […] Ectopic pregnancy often causes lower abdominal pain, typically on one side, along with vaginal bleeding. Symptoms like dizziness, fainting, shoulder pain, or severe pelvic pain may indicate a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. However, these signs can mimic other conditions, eg, early normal intrauterine pregnancy, miscarriage, ovarian cyst rupture, or appendicitis. […] The prognosis for ectopic pregnancy depends on early diagnosis and timely intervention. If identified and treated before rupture, either medically with methotrexate or surgically, the risk of severe complications is significantly reduced. However, delayed diagnosis can lead to tubal rupture, resulting in life-threatening hemorrhage and hemodynamic instability. In such cases, emergency surgical intervention is required, which may involve salpingectomy, potentially impacting future fertility.

• #30 Ectopic pregnancy – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/174

  Ectopic pregnancy typically presents 6 to 8 weeks after the last normal menstrual period, but can present earlier or later. […] Classical symptoms and signs of ectopic pregnancy are pain, vaginal bleeding, and amenorrhoea. Haemodynamic instability and cervical motion tenderness may indicate rupture or imminent rupture of an ectopic pregnancy. […] If an ectopic pregnancy ruptures, the woman may present in shock from blood loss and with unusual patterns of referred pain from intraperitoneal blood.

• #31 Ectopic Pregnancy Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2041923-clinical

  The classic clinical triad of ectopic pregnancy is pain, amenorrhea, and vaginal bleeding; unfortunately, only about 50% of patients present with all 3 symptoms. About 40-50% of patients with an ectopic pregnancy present with vaginal bleeding, 50% have a palpable adnexal mass, and 75% may have abdominal tenderness. In one case series of ectopic pregnancies, abdominal pain presented in 98.6% of patients, amenorrhea in 74.1% of them, and irregular vaginal bleeding in 56.4% of patients. […] In first-trimester symptomatic patients, pain as the presenting symptom is associated with an odds ratio of 1.42, and moderate to severe vaginal bleeding at presentation is associated with an odds ratio of 1.42 for ectopic pregnancy. […] Patients may present with other symptoms common to early pregnancy, including nausea, breast fullness, fatigue, low abdominal pain, heavy cramping, shoulder pain, and recent dyspareunia. Painful fetal movements (in the case of advanced abdominal pregnancy), dizziness or weakness, fever, flulike symptoms, vomiting, syncope, or cardiac arrest have also been reported. […] Approximately 20% of patients with ectopic pregnancies are hemodynamically compromised at initial presentation, which is highly suggestive of rupture. Fortunately, using modern diagnostic techniques, most ectopic pregnancies may be diagnosed before rupture.

• #32 Ectopic Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9687-ectopic-pregnancy

  Ectopic pregnancy is typically discovered early in pregnancy. Healthcare providers usually diagnose ectopic pregnancies in the first trimester (up to 12 weeks of pregnancy). However, most women discover they have an ectopic pregnancy around eight weeks of pregnancy. […] Healthcare providers treat ectopic pregnancies with medication or surgery. […] In some cases, your provider may suggest using a medication called methotrexate to stop the fertilized egg from growing, ending the pregnancy. […] Your provider will want to remove the ectopic pregnancy with surgery if your fallopian tube has ruptured or if you’re at risk of rupture. This is an emergency surgery and a life-saving treatment. […] Unfortunately, an ectopic pregnancy is fatal for the fetus and your pregnancy can’t continue. Once an egg implants outside your uterus, you can’t move it to your uterus. Prompt treatment for an ectopic pregnancy is important. If the egg has implanted in your fallopian tube and the tube bursts, there can be severe internal bleeding.

• #33

• #34 Ectopic pregnancy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectopic_pregnancy

  Up to 10% of those with ectopic pregnancy have no symptoms, and one-third have no medical signs. In many cases the symptoms have low specificity, and can be similar to those of other genitourinary and gastrointestinal disorders, such as appendicitis, salpingitis, rupture of a corpus luteum cyst, miscarriage, ovarian torsion or urinary tract infection. Clinical presentation of ectopic pregnancy occurs at a mean of 7.2 weeks after the last normal menstrual period, with a range of four to eight weeks. Later presentations are more common in communities deprived of modern diagnostic ability.

• #35 Diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3213855/

  An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilised ovum implants outside the normal uterine cavity. It is a common cause of morbidity and occasionally of mortality in women of reproductive age. Its diagnosis can be difficult. Patients with an ectopic pregnancy commonly present with pain and vaginal bleeding between 6 and 10 weeks gestation. However, these are common symptoms in early pregnancy, with one third of women experiencing some pain and/or bleeding. The pain can be persistent and severe and is often unilateral. Shoulder tip pain, syncope and shock occur in up to 20% of women and abdominal tenderness in more than 75%. A ruptured ectopic pregnancy should be strongly suspected if a woman has a positive pregnancy test and presents with syncope and signs of shock including tachycardia, pallor and collapse. Unfortunately, atypical presentation is also relatively common. Ectopic pregnancy may mimic other gynaecological disorders and gastrointestinal or urinary tract disease, including appendicitis, salpingitis, ruptured corpus luteum or follicular cysts, threatened or inevitable spontaneous abortion, ovarian torsion and urinary tract infection. It remains difficult to diagnose an ectopic pregnancy from risk factors, history and examination alone. Clinicians should be suspicious of pregnancy in any such woman who presents with abdominal or pelvic symptoms and should always bear in mind the possibility of ectopic pregnancy in any woman of reproductive age who presents with any of the symptoms mentioned above.

• #36 Ectopic pregnancy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectopic_pregnancy

  Up to 10% of those with ectopic pregnancy have no symptoms, and one-third have no medical signs. In many cases the symptoms have low specificity, and can be similar to those of other genitourinary and gastrointestinal disorders, such as appendicitis, salpingitis, rupture of a corpus luteum cyst, miscarriage, ovarian torsion or urinary tract infection. Clinical presentation of ectopic pregnancy occurs at a mean of 7.2 weeks after the last normal menstrual period, with a range of four to eight weeks. Later presentations are more common in communities deprived of modern diagnostic ability.

• #37 Ectopic pregnancy | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/ectopic-pregnancy

  Ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that develops outside the uterus, usually in one of the fallopian tubes. […] Symptoms can include cramping, abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. […] The symptoms of ectopic pregnancy can include: the usual signs of pregnancy, such as amenorrhoea (missed period), morning sickness and breast tenderness, pain in the lower abdomen, pain in the lower back, cramps on one side of the pelvis, vaginal bleeding or spotting, sudden and severe pain in the lower abdomen (if the fallopian tube ruptures). […] A ruptured fallopian tube is a medical emergency needing immediate treatment. […] Most women who have had an ectopic pregnancy can become pregnant again, but they will need careful follow up, as their risk of ectopic pregnancy is higher. […] It is important to tell your doctor if your medical history includes any of the known risk factors. You should also see your doctor immediately if you have unusual pregnancy symptoms such as cramping, pain or vaginal bleeding.

• #38 Ectopic pregnancy | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/pregnancy-and-childbirth/losing-a-baby/ectopic-pregnancy/

  Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy might include: pain in your lower abdomen (tummy) this might come on quickly or gradually, and can be widespread or on one side only […] Symptoms are commonly experienced around the 6th to 7th week of pregnancy. But, they can appear anywhere between 4 and 12 weeks of pregnancy. […] The signs of an ectopic pregnancy can vary from person to person, and will depend on where the ectopic pregnancy is. […] If you may be pregnant and you have new severe pain in your abdomen (tummy) […] have new severe pain in the tip of your shoulder that is worse when laying down, and is not helped by painkillers […] have pain in your lower abdomen that can come on quickly or gradually, and can be widespread or on one side only […] have vaginal bleeding […] have an upset stomach and diarrhoea […] have pain when you have a bowel movement (poo) […] have a urinary tract infection […] have pain when you pee.

• #39 Ectopic pregnancy: Future fertility – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/ectopic-pregnancy-signs-treatment-and-future-fertility

  Ectopic pregnancies may be rare. However, when an ectopic pregnancy is discovered, it needs to be taken seriously. Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside of the uterus. It attaches to the fallopian tube 90% of the time. However, in other instances, it can attach to the ovary, cesarean section scar, cervix or even the abdomen. If attached to the abdomen, the danger of complications is significantly increased. […] An ectopic pregnancy doesn’t have specific symptoms and health care professionals can easily miss it if they fail to keep it in mind. Symptoms related to ectopic pregnancy do vary between showing no symptoms, especially during the very early stages, to severe lower abdominal pain with dizziness caused by massive internal bleeding. […] Commonly reported symptoms of ectopic pregnancies include vaginal spotting and vague lower abdominal or pelvic pain.

• #40 Ectopic Pregnancy – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/early-pregnancy-disorders/ectopic-pregnancy

  Ectopic pregnancy is attachment (implantation) of a fertilized egg in an abnormal location, such as a fallopian tube. […] Women with an ectopic pregnancy often have vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain starting in the first trimester. […] An ectopic pregnancy needs immediate medical care, because if an ectopic pregnancy continues to grow, it may rupture (burst open) the part of the body where it is implanted (such as a fallopian tube), causing severe bleeding that can be fatal to the pregnant woman. […] An ectopic pregnancy usually starts to develop, but growth is abnormal and development slows down or stops. Because tissues outside the uterus cannot provide the necessary blood supply and support, the fetus does not survive. […] As an ectopic pregnancy grows, it may rupture (burst open) the structure (part of the body) where it is implanted, such as a fallopian tube. The structure containing the ectopic pregnancy typically ruptures after about 6 to 16 weeks. When an ectopic pregnancy ruptures, bleeding may be severe and even threaten the life of the woman.

• #41 Ectopic pregnancy – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20372088

  You may not notice any symptoms at first. However, some women who have an ectopic pregnancy have the usual early signs or symptoms of pregnancy a missed period, breast tenderness and nausea. […] As the fertilized egg grows in the improper place, signs and symptoms become more noticeable. […] Often, the first warning signs of an ectopic pregnancy are light vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain. […] If blood leaks from the fallopian tube, you may feel shoulder pain or an urge to have a bowel movement. Your specific symptoms depend on where the blood collects and which nerves are irritated. […] If the fertilized egg continues to grow in the fallopian tube, it can cause the tube to rupture. Heavy bleeding inside the abdomen is likely. Symptoms of this life-threatening event include extreme lightheadedness, fainting and shock. […] Seek emergency medical help if you have any signs or symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy, including: Severe abdominal or pelvic pain accompanied by vaginal bleeding, Extreme lightheadedness or fainting, Shoulder pain.

• #42 Ectopic Pregnancy: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments – Dr Pankhuri Gautam

  https://www.drpankhurigautam.com/blog/ectopic-pregnancy-symptoms-causes-and-treatments/

  On average, the symptoms of ectopic pregnancy start reflecting in week 4 and become more prominent by week 6-9. […] Detecting the symptoms of ectopic pregnancy in the initial stages may not be possible. Women who have ectopic pregnancy are likely to experience the same symptoms as the early stages of pregnancy, like nausea, breast tenderness, and missed periods. […] The early signs of ectopic pregnancy include mild pelvic and abdominal pain accompanied by light vaginal bleeding. […] If the implantation happens in the fallopian tubes, the embryo will continue growing, leading to rupture. Thus, you may experience internal uterine bleeding around the abdomen. If you’re not paying attention to these symptoms, these can turn out to be life-threatening, thereby leading to fainting, shock and even light-headedness.

• #43 Recognizing an Ectopic Pregnancy | Cool Springs Obstetrics & Gynecology

  https://coolspringsobgyn.com/how-to-recognize-an-ectopic-pregnancy/

  Pregnancy is a remarkable and transformative time in a woman’s life, but it can also bring unexpected challenges and uncertainties. […] Ectopic pregnancies most commonly occur within the first few weeks following conception and are usually detected between 5 to 10 weeks of gestation. […] Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy usually develop between the 4th and 12th weeks of pregnancy. They can present in many ways, varying from woman to woman. […] In the early stages of an ectopic pregnancy, you may experience symptoms similar to those of a normal pregnancy, such as missed periods, breast tenderness, and nausea. […] As the ectopic pregnancy progresses, especially if a fallopian tube ruptures, you may notice warning signs that differentiate it from a typical pregnancy. […] Other common signs that ectopic pregnancy is advancing or a fallopian tube has ruptured might include: Abdominal pain or cramping typically felt low down on one side, sharp, sudden, and intense pain in the stomach, unusual vaginal bleeding or spotting, shoulder pain, dizziness or fainting, an urge to have a bowel movement, pain when urinating or having a bowel movement.

• #44 Diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3213855/

  An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilised ovum implants outside the normal uterine cavity. It is a common cause of morbidity and occasionally of mortality in women of reproductive age. Its diagnosis can be difficult. Patients with an ectopic pregnancy commonly present with pain and vaginal bleeding between 6 and 10 weeks gestation. However, these are common symptoms in early pregnancy, with one third of women experiencing some pain and/or bleeding. The pain can be persistent and severe and is often unilateral. Shoulder tip pain, syncope and shock occur in up to 20% of women and abdominal tenderness in more than 75%. A ruptured ectopic pregnancy should be strongly suspected if a woman has a positive pregnancy test and presents with syncope and signs of shock including tachycardia, pallor and collapse. Unfortunately, atypical presentation is also relatively common. Ectopic pregnancy may mimic other gynaecological disorders and gastrointestinal or urinary tract disease, including appendicitis, salpingitis, ruptured corpus luteum or follicular cysts, threatened or inevitable spontaneous abortion, ovarian torsion and urinary tract infection. It remains difficult to diagnose an ectopic pregnancy from risk factors, history and examination alone. Clinicians should be suspicious of pregnancy in any such woman who presents with abdominal or pelvic symptoms and should always bear in mind the possibility of ectopic pregnancy in any woman of reproductive age who presents with any of the symptoms mentioned above.

• #45 Ectopic Pregnancy – Gynecology and Obstetrics – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/early-pregnancy-disorders/ectopic-pregnancy

  Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening condition for a pregnant woman; such pregnancies cannot be carried to term and eventually rupture or involute. Early symptoms and signs include pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding. Hemorrhagic shock can occur with rupture. […] Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy vary and may be absent until rupture occurs. Most patients have pelvic pain (which can be dull, sharp, or crampy), vaginal bleeding, or both. […] Rupture may be heralded by sudden, severe pain, followed by syncope or by symptoms and signs of hemorrhagic shock or peritonitis. Rapid hemorrhage is more likely in ruptured cornual pregnancies. […] Ectopic pregnancy is suspected in any female patient of reproductive age with pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, or unexplained syncope or hemorrhagic shock, regardless of menstrual, contraceptive, and sexual history. […] A ruptured ectopic pregnancy is a surgical emergency because it causes maternal hemorrhage and risk of death; prompt diagnosis is essential. […] Ectopic pregnancy is fatal to the fetus, but if treatment occurs before rupture, maternal death is rare.

• #46 Ectopic pregnancy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectopic_pregnancy

  Up to 10% of those with ectopic pregnancy have no symptoms, and one-third have no medical signs. In many cases the symptoms have low specificity, and can be similar to those of other genitourinary and gastrointestinal disorders, such as appendicitis, salpingitis, rupture of a corpus luteum cyst, miscarriage, ovarian torsion or urinary tract infection. Clinical presentation of ectopic pregnancy occurs at a mean of 7.2 weeks after the last normal menstrual period, with a range of four to eight weeks. Later presentations are more common in communities deprived of modern diagnostic ability.

• #47 Ectopic pregnancy: Future fertility – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/ectopic-pregnancy-signs-treatment-and-future-fertility

  Ectopic pregnancies may be rare. However, when an ectopic pregnancy is discovered, it needs to be taken seriously. Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside of the uterus. It attaches to the fallopian tube 90% of the time. However, in other instances, it can attach to the ovary, cesarean section scar, cervix or even the abdomen. If attached to the abdomen, the danger of complications is significantly increased. […] An ectopic pregnancy doesn’t have specific symptoms and health care professionals can easily miss it if they fail to keep it in mind. Symptoms related to ectopic pregnancy do vary between showing no symptoms, especially during the very early stages, to severe lower abdominal pain with dizziness caused by massive internal bleeding. […] Commonly reported symptoms of ectopic pregnancies include vaginal spotting and vague lower abdominal or pelvic pain.

• #48 Ectopic Pregnancy | American Pregnancy Association

  https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/pregnancy-complications/ectopic-pregnancy/

  Ectopic pregnancies are diagnosed by your physician, who will probably first perform a pelvic exam to locate pain, tenderness, or a mass in the abdomen. Your physician will also use an ultrasound to determine whether the uterus contains a developing fetus. The measurement of hCG levels is also important. An hCG level that is lower than expected is one reason to suspect an ectopic pregnancy. […] Although you may experience typical signs and symptoms of pregnancy, and a pregnancy test result may be positive, an ectopic pregnancy can’t continue as normal. The following symptoms may be used to help recognize a potential ectopic pregnancy: Sharp or stabbing pain that may come and go and vary in intensity. (The pain may be in the pelvis, abdomen, or even the shoulder and neck due to blood from a ruptured ectopic pregnancy pooling under the diaphragm). Vaginal bleeding, heavier or lighter than your normal period. Gastrointestinal symptoms. Weakness, dizziness, or fainting. […] It is important to contact your doctor immediately if you are experiencing sharp pain that lasts more than a few minutes or if you have bleeding.

• #49 Ectopic Pregnancy – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/early-pregnancy-disorders/ectopic-pregnancy

  Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy vary and may not occur until the structure containing the ectopic pregnancy ruptures. Most women have vaginal bleeding or spotting and/or lower abdominal pain, which may be dull, sharp, or crampy. […] If the part of the female anatomy where the ectopic pregnancy is located ruptures, the woman usually feels sudden, severe, constant pain in the lower abdomen. […] These symptoms may indicate that so much blood has been lost that blood pressure is dangerously low (shock). […] Because a ruptured ectopic pregnancy can be life-threatening for a pregnant woman, prompt diagnosis is essential. […] If a pregnancy test is positive or, rarely, if the test is negative but symptoms still suggest ectopic pregnancy, ultrasonography is done using a device inserted into the vagina (called transvaginal ultrasonography).

• #50 ECTOPIC PREGNANCY – a patient’s guide – Family Doctor

  https://www.familydoctor.co.nz/categories/pregnancy-and-birth/ectopic-pregnancy-a-patients-guide/

  The symptoms of ectopic pregnancy are identical to those of early miscarriage, and unfortunately, the signs (i.e. the doctor’s findings on examination) are also usually non-specific. […] The ultrasound may reveal a pregnancy developing normally in the uterus or an obvious ectopic pregnancy. […] Unfortunately, the ultrasound results are often unhelpful, with neither a normal nor ectopic pregnancy being seen. […] The most important short-term risks of salpingostomy and methotrexate are two-fold: that the ectopic pregnancy persists and that it ruptures.

• #51 Ectopic Pregnancy: All Symptoms, Risks & Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/

  The symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy include vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain and absence of menstruation. However, some people experience symptoms that are similar to those found in gastroenteritis, also known as stomach flu, and miscarriage. […] If symptoms of ectopic pregnancy occur, they typically appear early on in the pregnancy, sometimes before a person realizes they are pregnant. […] The most common early signs and symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy include: Lower stomach pain. Ectopic pregnancy pain is often located on one side of the body. Vaginal bleeding, which may be dark, watery and heavier, lighter or more prolonged than a normal period. Pregnancy symptoms such as a missed menstrual period, breast tenderness, frequent urination or nausea. […] However, it is possible to have an ectopic pregnancy without any of the above symptoms.

• #52 Ectopic Pregnancy – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/early-pregnancy-disorders/ectopic-pregnancy

  Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy vary and may not occur until the structure containing the ectopic pregnancy ruptures. Most women have vaginal bleeding or spotting and/or lower abdominal pain, which may be dull, sharp, or crampy. […] If the part of the female anatomy where the ectopic pregnancy is located ruptures, the woman usually feels sudden, severe, constant pain in the lower abdomen. […] These symptoms may indicate that so much blood has been lost that blood pressure is dangerously low (shock). […] Because a ruptured ectopic pregnancy can be life-threatening for a pregnant woman, prompt diagnosis is essential. […] If a pregnancy test is positive or, rarely, if the test is negative but symptoms still suggest ectopic pregnancy, ultrasonography is done using a device inserted into the vagina (called transvaginal ultrasonography).

• #53 7 things to know about ectopic pregnancy

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/7-things-to-know-about-ectopic-pregnancy/2022/05

  Ectopic pregnancy can be diagnosed very early in pregnancy, but they still make up less than 2% of all pregnancies. For patients with symptoms that are worrisome to their clinician, testing can be done to try to figure out the pregnancy location early. Similarly, for patients with significant risk factors, especially a prior ectopic pregnancy, the clinician will usually do early testing (blood tests of pregnancy hormone quantities and an ultrasound exam) to evaluate the pregnancy location. […] With a few unusual types of ectopic pregnancy, specifically a cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (implanted in the cesarean scar) and an abdominal pregnancy (the pregnancy is implanted within the abdomen, usually on the bowel), the pregnancy can theoretically continue to the point in which the pregnancy can reach a point of viability. However, the risks and the potential morbidity and mortality to the mother are very significant; hence, every major medical organization recommends treatment to remove the ectopic pregnancy.

• #54 Ectopic Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9687-ectopic-pregnancy

  An ectopic pregnancy happens when a fertilized egg implants outside of your uterus, most commonly in your fallopian tube. This condition can lead to bleeding in the birth mother. An ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening condition that requires emergency treatment. […] Ectopic pregnancies can become life-threatening, especially if your fallopian tube breaks (ruptures). This is a ruptured ectopic pregnancy, and it can cause severe bleeding, infection and sometimes, death. This is a medical emergency. Healthcare providers must treat ectopic pregnancies quickly. […] The early symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy can be very similar to typical pregnancy symptoms. However, you may experience additional symptoms during an ectopic pregnancy, including: Vaginal bleeding. Pain in your lower abdomen, pelvis and lower back. Dizziness or weakness.

• #55 Ectopic pregnancy – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372093

  A pelvic exam can help your doctor identify areas of pain, tenderness, or a mass in the fallopian tube or ovary. […] However, emergency medical help is needed if you develop these warning signs or symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy: Severe abdominal or pelvic pain accompanied by vaginal bleeding, Extreme lightheadedness, Fainting. […] If you’ve had an ectopic pregnancy, your risk of having another one is increased. […] Early blood tests are recommended for all women who’ve had an ectopic pregnancy. Blood tests and ultrasound testing can alert your doctor if another ectopic pregnancy is developing.

• #56 Ectopic Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/ectopic-pregnancy

  At first, an ectopic pregnancy may feel like a typical pregnancy with some of the same signs, such as a missed menstrual period, tender breasts, or an upset stomach. Other signs may include: […] As an ectopic pregnancy grows, more serious symptoms may develop, especially if a fallopian tube ruptures. Symptoms may include the following: […] A ruptured fallopian tube can cause life-threatening internal bleeding. If you have sudden, severe pain; shoulder pain; or weakness, you should go to an emergency room.

• #57 Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosis: How to Recognize Early Signs

  https://www.webmd.com/baby/pregnancy-ectopic-pregnancy

  At first, you may not have any symptoms of an early ectopic pregnancy. They may seem very similar to those of a normal pregnancy. You might miss your period and have discomfort in your belly and tenderness in your breasts. […] Only about half of women with an ectopic pregnancy will have all three of the main signs: a missed period, vaginal bleeding, and belly pain. […] Early signs of an ectopic pregnancy include: Upset stomach and vomiting, Sharp belly cramps, Pain on one side of your body, Dizziness or weakness, Pain in your shoulder, neck, or rectum. […] An ectopic pregnancy can cause your fallopian tube to burst, or rupture. Emergency symptoms include major pain, with or without severe bleeding. Call your doctor right away if you have heavy vaginal bleeding with lightheadedness, fainting, or shoulder pain, or if you have severe belly pain, especially on one side. […] Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy usually develop fairly early in the pregnancy: between the 4th and 12th weeks.

• #58 Open Search

  https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/ectopic-pregnancy/how-do-i-know-if-i-have-ectopic-pregnancy

  Ectopic pregnancy symptoms often include pain and bleeding. Only a doctor can tell you for sure if you have an ectopic pregnancy. […] The sooner you get treated for an ectopic pregnancy, the better. So if you think you have an ectopic pregnancy, or if you have lots of low belly pain (especially on one side) or abnormal vaginal bleeding, call your nurse or doctor right away. […] Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy include: severe lower belly pain, especially on one side, vaginal bleeding or spotting, shoulder pain, feeling very weak, dizzy, or fainting. […] If you have severe pain or bleeding, go to the emergency room right away. If you have any other symptoms of ectopic pregnancy, contact your doctor or nurse as soon as you can. The earlier an ectopic pregnancy is found and treated, the safer you’ll be.

• #59 Ectopic Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9687-ectopic-pregnancy

  If your fallopian tube ruptures, the pain and bleeding could be severe enough to cause additional symptoms. These can include: Fainting. Low blood pressure (hypotension). Shoulder pain. Rectal pressure or bowel problems. […] When a tube bursts, you may feel sudden, sharp lower abdominal pain. This is a medical emergency. You should contact your healthcare provider or go to the emergency room immediately. […] An ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency. Your uterus is the only organ that can hold a growing fetus. It can stretch and expand as the fetus grows. Your fallopian tubes aren’t as flexible. They can burst as the fertilized egg develops. If this happens, it can cause severe, life-threatening internal bleeding. This is dangerous. An ectopic pregnancy needs to be treated right away to avoid injury to your fallopian tube and other organs, internal bleeding and possibly, death.

• #60 Ectopic Pregnancy – Rupture – Symptoms – Management – TeachMeObGyn

  https://teachmeobgyn.com/pregnancy/early/ectopic-pregnancy/

  The leading symptom of ectopic pregnancy is pain. Patients commonly present with lower abdominal/pelvic pain, with or without vaginal bleeding. There also can be a history of amenorrhoea. […] If the ectopic pregnancy has ruptured, the patient may also be haemodynamically unstable (pallor, increased capillary refill time, tachycardia, hypotension), with signs of peritonitis (abdominal rebound tenderness and guarding). Vaginal examination may reveal fullness in the pouch of Douglas. […] An untreated ectopic pregnancy can lead to fallopian tube rupture. The resulting blood loss can cause hypovolaemic shock, resulting in organ failure and death.

• #61 Ectopic Pregnancy – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/early-pregnancy-disorders/ectopic-pregnancy

  Ectopic pregnancy is attachment (implantation) of a fertilized egg in an abnormal location, such as a fallopian tube. […] Women with an ectopic pregnancy often have vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain starting in the first trimester. […] An ectopic pregnancy needs immediate medical care, because if an ectopic pregnancy continues to grow, it may rupture (burst open) the part of the body where it is implanted (such as a fallopian tube), causing severe bleeding that can be fatal to the pregnant woman. […] An ectopic pregnancy usually starts to develop, but growth is abnormal and development slows down or stops. Because tissues outside the uterus cannot provide the necessary blood supply and support, the fetus does not survive. […] As an ectopic pregnancy grows, it may rupture (burst open) the structure (part of the body) where it is implanted, such as a fallopian tube. The structure containing the ectopic pregnancy typically ruptures after about 6 to 16 weeks. When an ectopic pregnancy ruptures, bleeding may be severe and even threaten the life of the woman.

• #62 Ectopic Pregnancy | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0215/p1080.html

  Ectopic pregnancy occurs at a rate of 19.7 cases per 1,000 pregnancies in North America and is a leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester. […] An ectopic pregnancy should be suspected if transvaginal ultrasonography shows no intrauterine gestational sac when the -hCG level is higher than 1,500 mlU per mL (1,500 IU per L). […] A ruptured ectopic pregnancy is a true medical emergency. It is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester and accounts for 10 to 15 percent of all maternal deaths. […] Historically, the hallmark of ectopic pregnancy has been abdominal pain with spotting, usually occurring six to eight weeks after the last normal menstrual period. This remains the most common presentation of tubal pregnancy in symptomatic patients. Other presentations depend on the location of the ectopic pregnancy. Less commonly, ectopic pregnancy presents with pain radiating to the shoulder, vaginal bleeding, syncope and/or hypovolemic shock.

• #63 Ectopic Pregnancy – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539860/

  Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube. Symptoms typically include lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy, particularly if intrauterine pregnancy has not been confirmed. […] Ectopic pregnancy often causes lower abdominal pain, typically on one side, along with vaginal bleeding. Symptoms like dizziness, fainting, shoulder pain, or severe pelvic pain may indicate a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. However, these signs can mimic other conditions, eg, early normal intrauterine pregnancy, miscarriage, ovarian cyst rupture, or appendicitis. […] The prognosis for ectopic pregnancy depends on early diagnosis and timely intervention. If identified and treated before rupture, either medically with methotrexate or surgically, the risk of severe complications is significantly reduced. However, delayed diagnosis can lead to tubal rupture, resulting in life-threatening hemorrhage and hemodynamic instability. In such cases, emergency surgical intervention is required, which may involve salpingectomy, potentially impacting future fertility.

• #64 Ectopic pregnancy – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372093

  A pelvic exam can help your doctor identify areas of pain, tenderness, or a mass in the fallopian tube or ovary. […] However, emergency medical help is needed if you develop these warning signs or symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy: Severe abdominal or pelvic pain accompanied by vaginal bleeding, Extreme lightheadedness, Fainting. […] If you’ve had an ectopic pregnancy, your risk of having another one is increased. […] Early blood tests are recommended for all women who’ve had an ectopic pregnancy. Blood tests and ultrasound testing can alert your doctor if another ectopic pregnancy is developing.

• #65 Life After an Ectopic Pregnancy: Darin Swainston, MD, FACOG: OB/GYNs

  https://www.lasvegasgynsurgery.com/blog/life-after-an-ectopic-pregnancy

  When caught early, before the fallopian tube rupture, your provider uses special medication called methotrexate to end the pregnancy. […] Emergency surgery is required when the ectopic pregnancy progresses and your fallopian tube ruptures. […] You will also experience some abdominal soreness, swelling, and vaginal spotting or bleeding. […] Many women experience feelings of guilt, anger, fear, and sadness. […] Some women fear their future fertility after an ectopic pregnancy. This is understandable since having an ectopic pregnancy once increases your risk (10%) for future ectopic pregnancy. […] The good news is that most women who have ectopic pregnancies go on to have full-term, healthy pregnancies in the future even after having surgery to remove a fallopian tube.

• #66 What is Ectopic Pregnancy? | Ectopic Pregnancy Symptoms | How do I know if I have had an Ectopic Pregnancy? | Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment – Sexual Health Victoria

  https://shvic.org.au/for-you/pregnancy/ectopic-pregnancy

  An ectopic pregnancy cannot continue as the embryo will not develop and it is unsafe for the pregnant person. Treatment for ectopic pregnancy depends on the location of the pregnancy in the body and the stage (length) of pregnancy. […] Most people who have had an ectopic pregnancy can become pregnant again, but will need careful monitoring, as their risk of ectopic pregnancy is higher.

• #67 Ectopic pregnancy

  https://www.babycenter.com/pregnancy/health-and-safety/ectopic-pregnancy_229

  Yes. While having an ectopic pregnancy does put you at higher risk of having another one, chances are you’ll have a normal intrauterine pregnancy next time. The earlier you end an ectopic pregnancy, the less damage you’ll have in the affected tube and the greater chance of a future successful pregnancy. Even if you do lose one of your tubes, you can still get pregnant without fertility treatment as long as your other tube is normal. […] However, if your first ectopic pregnancy was the result of tube damage from an infection or tubal ligation reversal, there’s a greater chance that the other tube is damaged as well. This may reduce your chances of conceiving and increase your chances of another ectopic pregnancy. Most providers won’t discourage you from trying, though, and will monitor you closely if you do become pregnant.

• #68 Ectopic Pregnancy – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539860/

  Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube. Symptoms typically include lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy, particularly if intrauterine pregnancy has not been confirmed. […] Ectopic pregnancy often causes lower abdominal pain, typically on one side, along with vaginal bleeding. Symptoms like dizziness, fainting, shoulder pain, or severe pelvic pain may indicate a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. However, these signs can mimic other conditions, eg, early normal intrauterine pregnancy, miscarriage, ovarian cyst rupture, or appendicitis. […] The prognosis for ectopic pregnancy depends on early diagnosis and timely intervention. If identified and treated before rupture, either medically with methotrexate or surgically, the risk of severe complications is significantly reduced. However, delayed diagnosis can lead to tubal rupture, resulting in life-threatening hemorrhage and hemodynamic instability. In such cases, emergency surgical intervention is required, which may involve salpingectomy, potentially impacting future fertility.

• #69 Ectopic Pregnancy – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/early-pregnancy-disorders/ectopic-pregnancy

  Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy vary and may not occur until the structure containing the ectopic pregnancy ruptures. Most women have vaginal bleeding or spotting and/or lower abdominal pain, which may be dull, sharp, or crampy. […] If the part of the female anatomy where the ectopic pregnancy is located ruptures, the woman usually feels sudden, severe, constant pain in the lower abdomen. […] These symptoms may indicate that so much blood has been lost that blood pressure is dangerously low (shock). […] Because a ruptured ectopic pregnancy can be life-threatening for a pregnant woman, prompt diagnosis is essential. […] If a pregnancy test is positive or, rarely, if the test is negative but symptoms still suggest ectopic pregnancy, ultrasonography is done using a device inserted into the vagina (called transvaginal ultrasonography).

• #70 Ectopic Pregnancy | American Pregnancy Association

  https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/pregnancy-complications/ectopic-pregnancy/

  Ectopic pregnancies are diagnosed by your physician, who will probably first perform a pelvic exam to locate pain, tenderness, or a mass in the abdomen. Your physician will also use an ultrasound to determine whether the uterus contains a developing fetus. The measurement of hCG levels is also important. An hCG level that is lower than expected is one reason to suspect an ectopic pregnancy. […] Although you may experience typical signs and symptoms of pregnancy, and a pregnancy test result may be positive, an ectopic pregnancy can’t continue as normal. The following symptoms may be used to help recognize a potential ectopic pregnancy: Sharp or stabbing pain that may come and go and vary in intensity. (The pain may be in the pelvis, abdomen, or even the shoulder and neck due to blood from a ruptured ectopic pregnancy pooling under the diaphragm). Vaginal bleeding, heavier or lighter than your normal period. Gastrointestinal symptoms. Weakness, dizziness, or fainting. […] It is important to contact your doctor immediately if you are experiencing sharp pain that lasts more than a few minutes or if you have bleeding.

• #71 Ectopic Pregnancy | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0215/p1080.html

  Ectopic pregnancy occurs at a rate of 19.7 cases per 1,000 pregnancies in North America and is a leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester. […] An ectopic pregnancy should be suspected if transvaginal ultrasonography shows no intrauterine gestational sac when the -hCG level is higher than 1,500 mlU per mL (1,500 IU per L). […] A ruptured ectopic pregnancy is a true medical emergency. It is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester and accounts for 10 to 15 percent of all maternal deaths. […] Historically, the hallmark of ectopic pregnancy has been abdominal pain with spotting, usually occurring six to eight weeks after the last normal menstrual period. This remains the most common presentation of tubal pregnancy in symptomatic patients. Other presentations depend on the location of the ectopic pregnancy. Less commonly, ectopic pregnancy presents with pain radiating to the shoulder, vaginal bleeding, syncope and/or hypovolemic shock.

• #72 Diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3213855/

  Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy has improved significantly due to advances in ultrasound technology, rapid and sensitive serum hormone assays, the development of early pregnancy units and an increased awareness and understanding of the associated risk factors. Despite this, around half of the women with an eventual diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy are not diagnosed at their first presentation. Early diagnosis reduces the risk of tubal rupture and allows more conservative medical treatments to be employed. Currently, diagnosis in unruptured ectopic pregnancy is achieved using a combination of transvaginal ultrasonography and measurement of serum beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations. […] Ectopic pregnancy may be managed surgically, medically or expectantly. Surgical management is imperative in the clinical scenario of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. A laparoscopic approach is preferable to an open approach in a patient who is haemodynamically stable. Medical treatment is useful for patients with an unruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy who are haemodynamically stable and have minimal symptoms and a low volume of free intraperitoneal fluid on ultrasound scan. Methotrexate is the most widely used and successful medical therapy for ectopic pregnancy and is generally administered in a single-dose protocol. Some ectopic pregnancies resolve spontaneously through either regression or tubal abortion, without causing harm to the patient. Expectant management is a conservative strategy consisting of observation and assessment of whether the ectopic pregnancy is continuing to resolve spontaneously and successfully without intervention.

• #73 Ectopic Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9687-ectopic-pregnancy

  Ectopic pregnancy is typically discovered early in pregnancy. Healthcare providers usually diagnose ectopic pregnancies in the first trimester (up to 12 weeks of pregnancy). However, most women discover they have an ectopic pregnancy around eight weeks of pregnancy. […] Healthcare providers treat ectopic pregnancies with medication or surgery. […] In some cases, your provider may suggest using a medication called methotrexate to stop the fertilized egg from growing, ending the pregnancy. […] Your provider will want to remove the ectopic pregnancy with surgery if your fallopian tube has ruptured or if you’re at risk of rupture. This is an emergency surgery and a life-saving treatment. […] Unfortunately, an ectopic pregnancy is fatal for the fetus and your pregnancy can’t continue. Once an egg implants outside your uterus, you can’t move it to your uterus. Prompt treatment for an ectopic pregnancy is important. If the egg has implanted in your fallopian tube and the tube bursts, there can be severe internal bleeding.

• #74 Ectopic Pregnancy – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/early-pregnancy-disorders/ectopic-pregnancy

  If hCG levels do not increase as expected or if they decrease, an ectopic pregnancy (or miscarriage) is likely. […] An ectopic pregnancy must be treated as soon as possible to save the life of the pregnant woman. […] Small ectopic pregnancies that have not ruptured may be treated with one dose of the medication methotrexate, given by injection. […] The ectopic pregnancy is removed surgically if doctors suspect the ectopic pregnancy has ruptured or if treatment with methotrexate cannot be given.

• #75 Diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3213855/

  Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy has improved significantly due to advances in ultrasound technology, rapid and sensitive serum hormone assays, the development of early pregnancy units and an increased awareness and understanding of the associated risk factors. Despite this, around half of the women with an eventual diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy are not diagnosed at their first presentation. Early diagnosis reduces the risk of tubal rupture and allows more conservative medical treatments to be employed. Currently, diagnosis in unruptured ectopic pregnancy is achieved using a combination of transvaginal ultrasonography and measurement of serum beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations. […] Ectopic pregnancy may be managed surgically, medically or expectantly. Surgical management is imperative in the clinical scenario of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. A laparoscopic approach is preferable to an open approach in a patient who is haemodynamically stable. Medical treatment is useful for patients with an unruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy who are haemodynamically stable and have minimal symptoms and a low volume of free intraperitoneal fluid on ultrasound scan. Methotrexate is the most widely used and successful medical therapy for ectopic pregnancy and is generally administered in a single-dose protocol. Some ectopic pregnancies resolve spontaneously through either regression or tubal abortion, without causing harm to the patient. Expectant management is a conservative strategy consisting of observation and assessment of whether the ectopic pregnancy is continuing to resolve spontaneously and successfully without intervention.

• #76 Ectopic pregnancy

  https://www.babycenter.com/pregnancy/health-and-safety/ectopic-pregnancy_229

  Treatment depends on whether the diagnosis is conclusive, the size of the embryo, and whether you’re experiencing pain, internal bleeding, or other concerning symptoms. Treatment will involve medication or surgery. […] If the pregnancy is clearly ectopic and early, and the embryo is still relatively small, your provider may give you the drug methotrexate. This medication is injected into a muscle and reaches the embryo through your bloodstream. It shrinks the pregnancy tissue and the tiny embryo is reabsorbed into your body over time. […] If you’re in stable condition and the embryo is small enough, it can usually be removed through laparoscopic surgery, a low-risk, minimally invasive procedure that requires only small incisions. Often your provider can remove the embryo or remaining tissue while preserving your tube.

• #77 Ectopic pregnancy: Future fertility – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/ectopic-pregnancy-signs-treatment-and-future-fertility

  Visit your health care professional even sooner if you experience abnormal bleeding or pain with a positive pregnancy test, as these could be early signs of an impending rupture. […] Ectopic pregnancy is diagnosed when the gestational sac with a live fetal pole or yolk sac is found outside an empty uterine cavity. […] Treatment of ectopic pregnancy depends on the gestational age, symptoms and location of the gestational sac. Advanced ectopic pregnancy usually presents with rupture, pain or severe bleeding, and in these situations, surgical treatments are often indicated for surgical removal of the pregnancy and control of bleeding to protect the mother. […] If ectopic pregnancy is diagnosed early and before the onset of symptoms, a medication can be used to stop the growth of the pregnancy and allow the body to absorb it without removing the fallopian tubes.

• #78 Signs of an ectopic pregnancy: Symptoms to look for | HealthPartners Blog

  https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/ectopic-pregnancy/

  Ectopic pregnancies can be diagnosed very early, especially if your doctor feels it’s a high-risk pregnancy and you’d benefit from early testing. […] Ectopic pregnancy treatment depends on multiple factors, including whether or not the fallopian tube has ruptured, and the treatment options will include medication or surgery. […] If an ectopic pregnancy hasnt ruptured the fallopian tube, your doctor may prescribe methotrexate. […] If an ectopic pregnancy causes a fallopian tube rupture, it requires immediate surgery. […] After ectopic pregnancy treatment, it may take some time for you to feel like you’re back to normal. You can expect fatigue for a few weeks after treatment from both medication and surgery. […] You can’t prevent an ectopic pregnancy, but you can catch it early.

• #79 Ectopic pregnancy – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372093

  A pelvic exam can help your doctor identify areas of pain, tenderness, or a mass in the fallopian tube or ovary. […] However, emergency medical help is needed if you develop these warning signs or symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy: Severe abdominal or pelvic pain accompanied by vaginal bleeding, Extreme lightheadedness, Fainting. […] If you’ve had an ectopic pregnancy, your risk of having another one is increased. […] Early blood tests are recommended for all women who’ve had an ectopic pregnancy. Blood tests and ultrasound testing can alert your doctor if another ectopic pregnancy is developing.

• #80 Ectopic pregnancy | The Royal Women’s Hospital

  https://www.thewomens.org.au/health-information/pregnancy-and-birth/pregnancy-problems/early-pregnancy-problems/ectopic-pregnancy

  Surgery is recommended if the doctor believes you are bleeding internally or that you are likely to bleed internally. […] If the doctors think that your risk of internal bleeding is very low, you may have the option of using medicine to stop the pregnancy growing. […] If it seems likely that your ectopic pregnancy is miscarrying, the doctor may suggest that you wait and see. […] If you have already had an ectopic pregnancy you have an increased risk of having another one in the future. […] It is recommended that anyone who has had an ectopic pregnancy has an early ultrasound examination, at around five and a half to six weeks in all future pregnancies to check that the pregnancy is in the right place.

• #81 Ectopic pregnancy: Future fertility – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/ectopic-pregnancy-signs-treatment-and-future-fertility

  Most women who experience ectopic pregnancy and treatment will achieve a successful pregnancy in the future, even if they’ve lost one fallopian tube as part of the therapy. There is a 10% risk of recurrence, which is why it’s important to work with your health care team when planning for a future pregnancy. Also, early documentation of an intrauterine gestational sac is of paramount importance.

• #82 Life After an Ectopic Pregnancy: Darin Swainston, MD, FACOG: OB/GYNs

  https://www.lasvegasgynsurgery.com/blog/life-after-an-ectopic-pregnancy

  When caught early, before the fallopian tube rupture, your provider uses special medication called methotrexate to end the pregnancy. […] Emergency surgery is required when the ectopic pregnancy progresses and your fallopian tube ruptures. […] You will also experience some abdominal soreness, swelling, and vaginal spotting or bleeding. […] Many women experience feelings of guilt, anger, fear, and sadness. […] Some women fear their future fertility after an ectopic pregnancy. This is understandable since having an ectopic pregnancy once increases your risk (10%) for future ectopic pregnancy. […] The good news is that most women who have ectopic pregnancies go on to have full-term, healthy pregnancies in the future even after having surgery to remove a fallopian tube.

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