Choroby przenoszone drogą płciową
Charakterystyka, pielęgnacja i opieka

Choroby przenoszone drogą płciową (STD) stanowią istotny problem zdrowia publicznego, obejmując zakażenia bakteryjne, wirusowe, grzybicze i pasożytnicze, przenoszone głównie podczas kontaktów seksualnych (pochwowych, oralnych, analnych) oraz przez kontakt skóra-skóra (np. opryszczka, HPV). W 2018 roku w USA odnotowano 26 milionów nowych zakażeń, z czego niemal połowa dotyczyła osób w wieku 15-24 lat. Nieleczone STD mogą prowadzić do poważnych powikłań, takich jak uszkodzenia narządów rozrodczych, niepłodność, powikłania ciąży, uszkodzenia neurologiczne i sercowo-naczyniowe. Diagnostyka opiera się na szczegółowym wywiadzie seksualnym, badaniu fizykalnym oraz testach laboratoryjnych, a badania przesiewowe zalecane są m.in. dla kobiet w ciąży, osób aktywnych seksualnie poniżej 25 roku życia oraz wszystkich osób w wieku 15-65 lat. Kluczową rolę w opiece nad pacjentami z STD odgrywają pielęgniarki, które prowadzą edukację, przeprowadzają skrining, wspierają leczenie i minimalizują stygmatyzację.

Wprowadzenie do chorób przenoszonych drogą płciową

Choroby przenoszone drogą płciową (STDs) to grupa schorzeń wywoływanych przez patogeny, które mogą być przenoszone podczas kontaktów seksualnych. Obejmują one zakażenia spowodowane przez bakterie, wirusy, grzyby lub pasożyty, które są przekazywane głównie poprzez kontakt seksualny, w tym stosunki pochwowe, oralne i analne.12 Mogą one również być przenoszone przez bezpośredni kontakt ze skórą okolic intymnych, a niektóre STD, takie jak opryszczka i HPV, są przenoszone przez kontakt skóra-skóra.3

Według Centrów Kontroli i Zapobiegania Chorobom (CDC), szacuje się, że w 2018 roku w Stanach Zjednoczonych wystąpiło 26 milionów nowych zakażeń, przy czym prawie połowa dotyczyła młodzieży w wieku 15-24 lat.4 Statystyki pokazują, że choroby przenoszone drogą płciową są bardzo powszechne, a ich wskaźniki wzrastają, zwłaszcza w przypadku chlamydii i rzeżączki.5

Konsekwencje nieleczonych STD mogą być poważne i obejmować: uszkodzenie narządów rozrodczych i niepłodność, poważne powikłania ciąży i uszkodzenia u noworodków, problemy neurologiczne i sercowo-naczyniowe, a nawet zgon.67 Podczas gdy wszystkie społeczności są dotknięte tymi chorobami, utrzymują się znaczące różnice rasowe, etniczne i inne dysproporcje społeczne.8

Objawy i rozpoznanie STD

Wiele osób zakażonych STD nie wykazuje żadnych objawów lub ma objawy łagodne, które są często pomijane lub mylone z innymi schorzeniami.910 Bezobjawowy charakter tych zakażeń jest szczególnie niebezpieczny, ponieważ osoba zakażona może nieświadomie przenosić infekcję na innych partnerów seksualnych.11

Rozpoznanie STD rozpoczyna się od wywiadu dotyczącego historii seksualnej i obecnych objawów. Jeśli sugerują one możliwość STD, lekarz może przeprowadzić badanie fizykalne lub ginekologiczne w poszukiwaniu oznak zakażenia, takich jak wysypka, brodawki lub wydzielina.12 Testy laboratoryjne mogą potwierdzić przyczynę objawów STD lub wykryć zakażenia przenoszone drogą płciową bez objawów.13

Wiele STD nie daje objawów, ale mogą one obejmować:

  • Nietypową wydzielinę z pochwy, penisa lub odbytu14
  • Pieczenie lub ból podczas oddawania moczu15
  • Wysypki, owrzodzenia lub pęcherze w okolicy narządów płciowych16
  • Ból w dolnej części brzucha lub miednicy17
  • Świąd lub dyskomfort w okolicy narządów płciowych18

Badania przesiewowe w kierunku STD

Badanie przesiewowe w kierunku STD lub zakażenia przenoszonego drogą płciową u osoby niewykazującej objawów nazywa się skriningiem. Większość ekspertów zaleca badania przesiewowe dla:19

  • Prawie każdej osoby przynajmniej raz w życiu – wytyczne sugerują badanie za pomocą testu krwi lub śliny w kierunku wirusa ludzkiego niedoboru odporności (HIV) dla każdej osoby w wieku od 15 do 65 lat20
  • Wszystkich kobiet w ciąży, które będą badane w kierunku HIV, zapalenia wątroby typu B, chlamydii i kiły we wczesnej ciąży21
  • Wszystkich aktywnych seksualnie kobiet poniżej 25 roku życia, które powinny być badane w kierunku zakażenia chlamydią2223

Regularne badania przesiewowe są szczególnie ważne, ponieważ wczesne wykrycie i leczenie STD mogą zapobiec poważnym powikłaniom zdrowotnym.24 Jeśli byłeś leczony z powodu zakażenia chlamydią, powinieneś zostać ponownie przebadany po około trzech miesiącach.25

Rola pielęgniarki w opiece nad pacjentem z STD

Pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w edukacji pacjentów na temat STD, przeprowadzaniu badań przesiewowych, zapewnianiu leczenia oraz w minimalizowaniu wpływu piętna społecznego poprzez świadczenie profesjonalnej, poufnej i wrażliwej opieki.26 Jako pracownicy pierwszego kontaktu, którzy mają częsty kontakt z pacjentami i dobrze znają lokalne społeczności, pielęgniarki mają dobrą pozycję, aby pomóc w identyfikacji, leczeniu i zapobieganiu STD.27

Ocena pielęgniarska i diagnoza

Kompleksowa ocena pielęgniarska powinna obejmować:

  • Zebranie wywiadu zdrowotnego i seksualnego pacjenta, w tym informacji o początkach i postępie objawów28
  • Ocenę wiedzy pacjenta na temat STD, sposobów zapobiegania i leczenia29
  • Badanie fizykalne w poszukiwaniu wysypek, zmian, wydzieliny lub obrzęków30
  • Identyfikację czynników ryzyka związanych z zachowaniami seksualnymi31

Na podstawie danych z oceny, główne diagnozy pielęgniarskie mogą obejmować:32

  1. Niewystarczająca wiedza na temat choroby i ryzyko rozprzestrzeniania się zakażenia i ponownego zakażenia
  2. Lęk związany z wpływem STD na relacje osobiste i seksualne
  3. Ryzyko powikłań związanych z nieleczonym zakażeniem

Interwencje pielęgniarskie

Kluczowe interwencje pielęgniarskie w opiece nad pacjentem z STD obejmują:

  1. Edukacja pacjenta: Pielęgniarka powinna informować pacjenta o czynnikach etiologicznych STD, przebiegu zakażenia, możliwych powikłaniach oraz metodach zapobiegania transmisji.3334
  2. Administrowanie leczenia: Podawanie lub ułatwianie podawania przepisanych antybiotyków w celu eliminacji zakażenia i zapobiegania transmisji.35
  3. Poradnictwo w zakresie bezpiecznych praktyk seksualnych: Edukacja na temat używania prezerwatyw i innych metod bezpiecznego seksu.36
  4. Wsparcie emocjonalne: Zaspokajanie obaw związanych ze stygmatyzacją, relacjami i płodnością.37
  5. Śledzenie kontaktów: Zachęcanie do powiadomienia ostatnich partnerów seksualnych i ułatwianie śledzenia kontaktów w razie potrzeby.38
  6. Zapewnienie badań kontrolnych: Organizowanie badań kontrolnych w celu potwierdzenia eliminacji zakażenia i oceny ewentualnych powikłań.39

Planowanie opieki pielęgniarskiej dla pacjentów z STD

Plany opieki pielęgniarskiej dla pacjentów z STD powinny być dostosowane do konkretnego zakażenia i indywidualnych potrzeb pacjenta. Poniżej przedstawiono przykładowe plany opieki dla dwóch powszechnych STD:

Plan opieki dla pacjenta z chlamydią

Chlamydia jest najczęściej zgłaszanym bakteryjnym zakażeniem przenoszonym drogą płciową w wielu krajach.40 Plan opieki pielęgniarskiej dla pacjenta z chlamydią może obejmować następujące diagnozy i interwencje:

  • Diagnoza: Ryzyko zakażenia związane z przenoszonym drogą płciową Chlamydia trachomatis41
    • Interwencje: Zapewnienie podania przepisanych antybiotyków; edukacja na temat konieczności powstrzymania się od aktywności seksualnej podczas leczenia; zachęcanie do badań kontrolnych42
  • Diagnoza: Deficyt wiedzy związany z zapobieganiem, przenoszeniem i leczeniem chlamydii43
    • Interwencje: Edukacja na temat patogenezy, dróg transmisji i metod zapobiegania; poradnictwo w zakresie stosowania prezerwatyw i bezpiecznych praktyk seksualnych44
  • Diagnoza: Ryzyko niepłodności związane z powikłaniami nieleczonego zakażenia chlamydią45
    • Interwencje: Podkreślanie znaczenia ukończenia pełnego cyklu leczenia; organizowanie badań kontrolnych w celu potwierdzenia wyleczenia46
Plan opieki dla pacjenta z rzeżączką

Rzeżączka jest drugą najczęściej zgłaszaną STD w wielu krajach i wymaga specjalistycznej opieki pielęgniarskiej.47 Plan opieki pielęgniarskiej może zawierać:

  • Diagnoza: Ryzyko zakażenia związane z zakażeniem Neisseria gonorrhoeae48
    • Interwencje: Podawanie lub ułatwianie podawania przepisanych antybiotyków; edukacja na temat pełnego cyklu leczenia, nawet jeśli objawy ustąpią49
  • Diagnoza: Ryzyko zapalenia narządów miednicy mniejszej związane z nieleczonym zakażeniem rzeżączką u kobiet50
    • Interwencje: Edukacja na temat potencjalnych powikłań nieleczonej rzeżączki; zachęcanie do natychmiastowego poszukiwania opieki medycznej w przypadku wystąpienia objawów PID51
  • Diagnoza: Zaburzenia relacji związane z wpływem diagnozy STD52
    • Interwencje: Zapewnienie wsparcia emocjonalnego; pomoc w powiadomieniu partnerów seksualnych; skierowanie do poradnictwa w razie potrzeby53

Leczenie chorób przenoszonych drogą płciową

Leczenie STD ma na celu wyleczenie zakażenia, zmniejszenie objawów, zapobieganie powikłaniom i zmniejszenie prawdopodobieństwa rozprzestrzeniania się infekcji.54 Rodzaj leczenia zależy od konkretnego zakażenia.

Leczenie bakteryjnych STD

STD wywołane przez bakterie lub pasożyty, takie jak rzeżączka, kiła, chlamydia i rzęsistkowica, można zazwyczaj wyleczyć za pomocą antybiotyków, często w pojedynczej dawce.5556

  • Chlamydia: Leczenie niepowikłanego zakażenia chlamydią układu moczowo-płciowego obejmuje azytromycynę. Doksycyklina jest alternatywą, ale azytromycyna jest preferowana, ponieważ jest terapią jednodawkową.57
  • Rzeżączka: Leczenie rzeżączki we wczesnym stadium jest możliwe przy użyciu antybiotyku cefalosporynowego. Leczenie rzeżączki to domięśniowa dawka ceftriaksonu lub doustnie cefixime.58 Jednak oporność bakterii rzeżączki na antybiotyki rośnie szybko w ostatnich latach, co ogranicza opcje leczenia.59
  • Kiła: Penicylina G benzatynowa lub wodna prokainowa penicylina G jest leczeniem z wyboru dla wszystkich stadiów kiły.60 Ważne jest również, aby wszyscy partnerzy seksualni z ostatnich 90 dni byli leczeni.61

Leczenie wirusowych STD

STD wywołane przez wirusy, takie jak HIV, opryszczka i HPV, nie mogą być całkowicie wyleczone, ale można je leczyć w celu kontrolowania objawów i zmniejszenia ryzyka przeniesienia.6263

  • Opryszczka narządów płciowych: Nie ma lekarstwa na opryszczkę, ale zakażenie można kontrolować. Leki przeciwwirusowe przyjmowane podczas nawrotów mogą je skrócić i uczynić mniej poważnymi. Przyjmowane codziennie leki przeciwwirusowe mogą zmniejszyć liczbę nawrotów, co nazywa się terapią supresyjną.64
  • HIV: Nie ma lekarstwa na zakażenie HIV, ale można je leczyć. Dostępne są leki, które mogą pomóc osobom z HIV zachować zdrowie przez długi czas. Im wcześniej rozpoczęte jest leczenie, tym lepiej dla długoterminowego zdrowia. Wczesne leczenie zmniejsza również ryzyko zakażenia partnera seksualnego.65

Znaczenie leczenia partnerów

Aby przerwać transmisję i zapobiec ponownemu zakażeniu, leczenie partnerów seksualnych jest ważnym elementem postępowania w przypadku STD.66 Jeśli wyniki testów wykazują, że masz STD, musisz poinformować o tym swoich partnerów seksualnych.67

Oficjalne, poufne powiadomienie partnera może pomóc ograniczyć rozprzestrzenianie się zakażeń przenoszonych drogą płciową.68 Kieruje również osoby zagrożone STD na konsultacje i leczenie.69

W przypadku niektórych STD, takich jak chlamydia i rzeżączka, stosowana jest przyspieszona terapia partnerska (EPT), polegająca na dostarczeniu recept lub leków dla partnera pacjenta bez uprzedniego zbadania partnera przez pracownika ochrony zdrowia.7071

Zapobieganie chorobom przenoszonym drogą płciową

Zapobieganie STD jest kluczowym elementem opieki zdrowotnej i obejmuje różne strategie, które mogą być stosowane przez personel medyczny, w tym pielęgniarki.

Strategie zapobiegania STD

Istnieje wiele sposobów na uniknięcie lub zmniejszenie ryzyka zachorowania na STD:72

  • Abstynencja: Jedynym 100% skutecznym sposobem na uniknięcie STD jest nieodbywanie stosunków seksualnych (abstynencja).7374
  • Monogamiczny związek: Przebywanie w długotrwałym, wzajemnie monogamicznym związku z partnerem, który został przebadany i nie ma infekcji.75
  • Używanie prezerwatyw: Konsekwentne i prawidłowe stosowanie lateksowych lub poliuretanowych prezerwatyw i koferdamów dentystycznych przy każdym kontakcie seksualnym (oralnym, analnym lub pochwowym).7677
  • Regularne badania: Badania dla ciebie i twojego partnera oraz dzielenie się wynikami.78
  • Ograniczenie liczby partnerów seksualnych: Zmniejszenie liczby partnerów seksualnych zmniejsza ryzyko STD.79
  • Szczepienia: Dostępne są szczepionki przeciwko wirusowemu zapaleniu wątroby typu B i wirusowi brodawczaka ludzkiego (HPV).8081
  • Profilaktyka przedekspozycyjna (PrEP): Dla osób wysokiego ryzyka zakażenia HIV, dostępne są leki, które mogą pomóc w zapobieganiu infekcji.8283

Rola edukacji zdrowotnej w zapobieganiu STD

Edukacja zdrowotna odgrywa kluczową rolę w zapobieganiu STD. Pielęgniarki mogą być instrumentalne w zmniejszaniu częstości występowania STD poprzez interwencje przesiewowe, poradnictwo profilaktyczne i edukację zdrowotną.84

Pacjenci powinni być edukowani na temat:85

  • Dróg przenoszenia STD i sposobów zapobiegania zakażeniu
  • Znaczenia regularnychbadań przesiewowych w kierunku STD
  • Objawów STD i kiedy szukać pomocy medycznej
  • Prawidłowego używania prezerwatyw i innych metod barierowych
  • Znaczenia komunikacji z partnerami seksualnymi na temat historii seksualnej i statusu STD

Szczególne grupy populacji, które mogą wymagać ukierunkowanej edukacji, to:

  • Młodzież i młodzi dorośli: Ta grupa stanowi połowę nowych przypadków STD.86
  • Osoby starsze: Liczba STD wśród osób starszych rośnie i należy ich edukować o bezpiecznych praktykach seksualnych, ponieważ wielu nie jest świadomych ryzyka.8788
  • Osoby z HIV: Osoby z HIV są bardziej narażone na zakażenie innymi chorobami przenoszonymi drogą płciową.89
  • Kobiety w ciąży: Zdrowie matki i dziecka zależy od wczesnej profilaktyki i leczenia STD w czasie ciąży.90

Specjalne zagadnienia w opiece nad pacjentami z STD

STD a osoby starsze

Choroby przenoszone drogą płciową wśród osób starszych stanowią rosnący problem zdrowia publicznego.9192 Według badań, wskaźniki STD dla dorosłych w wieku 65 lat i starszych znacząco wzrosły w ostatniej dekadzie – przypadki chlamydii potroiły się, rzeżączki wzrosły sześciokrotnie, a przypadki kiły wzrosły niemal dziesięciokrotnie.93

Czynniki przyczyniające się do wzrostu STD wśród osób starszych obejmują:9495

  • Dłuższą aktywność seksualną związaną z lepszym zdrowiem
  • Niski poziom używania prezerwatyw (tylko 3% osób powyżej 60 roku życia używało prezerwatyw w ciągu ostatniego roku)
  • Fałszywe poczucie bezpieczeństwa związane z brakiem ryzyka ciąży
  • Brak edukacji na temat STD i zmniejszoną świadomość ryzyka
  • Osłabiony układ odpornościowy, który sprawia, że osoby starsze są bardziej podatne na zakażenia

Personel pielęgniarski odgrywa kluczową rolę w zapobieganiu i kontroli STD w domach opieki i innych placówkach dla osób starszych poprzez:9697

  • Przeprowadzanie badań przesiewowych i testów
  • Zapewnienie edukacji na temat bezpiecznych praktyk seksualnych
  • Dostarczanie prezerwatyw i innych środków ochrony przed STD
  • Wdrażanie środków zapobiegawczych i kontrolnych
  • Monitorowanie potencjalnych przypadków nadużyć seksualnych, które mogą prowadzić do STD

STD w ciąży

Kobiety w ciąży z STD mogą przekazać swoje zakażenia płodowi w macicy po dziesiątym tygodniu ciąży lub noworodkowi podczas porodu.98 Nieleczone STD mogą prowadzić do poważnych powikłań ciąży, takich jak poronienia, martwe urodzenia, przedwczesne porody i niska masa urodzeniowa.99

Wszystkie kobiety w ciąży powinny być badane w kierunku HIV, wirusowego zapalenia wątroby typu B, chlamydii i kiły we wczesnej ciąży.100 Kobiety w ciąży zagrożone zakażeniem powinny być również badane w kierunku rzeżączki.101

Jeśli kobieta w ciąży ma STD, natychmiastowe leczenie może zapobiec lub zmniejszyć ryzyko zakażenia dziecka.102 Personel pielęgniarski powinien edukować kobiety w ciąży na temat:103

  • Znaczenia badań przesiewowych w kierunku STD podczas ciąży
  • Potencjalnych zagrożeń dla matki i dziecka związanych z nieleczonymi STD
  • Znaczenia przestrzegania zaleceń leczniczych
  • Metod zapobiegania STD podczas ciąży

Bariery w opiece nad pacjentami z STD

Istnieje wiele barier, które mogą utrudniać dostęp do opieki w zakresie STD i wpływać na jej jakość:104

  • Stygmatyzacja i dyskryminacja: Opieka pielęgniarska nad takimi pacjentami jest złożona, ponieważ zakażenia przenoszone drogą płciową mogą wystąpić nawet u pacjentów, którzy nie są faktycznie winni czynu, który może spowodować STD.105
  • Niedofinansowanie usług STD: W wielu miejscach usługi STD są często zaniedbywane i niedofinansowane.106
  • Obawy dotyczące poufności: Wielu pacjentów obawia się naruszenia prywatności podczas poszukiwania badań i leczenia STD.107
  • Świadomość i emocje pielęgniarek: Świadomość, strach i emocje pielęgniarek odgrywają rolę w określaniu poziomu komfortu opieki nad pacjentami z STD.108
  • Luki w wiedzy: Luki w wiedzy na temat postrzeganego ryzyka narażenia i postawy wobec pacjentów z STD muszą być dobrze zaadresowane w programie nauczania pielęgniarstwa.109

Aby przezwyciężyć te bariery, pielęgniarki powinny:

  • Zapewniać poufną i wrażliwą opiekę, aby zminimalizować wpływ piętna społecznego110
  • Posiadać dogłębną wiedzę na temat zasad, praktyk i technik pielęgniarskich oraz ich zastosowania w opiece nad pacjentem z chorobami, anatomii i fizjologii układu rozrodczego oraz aktualnych trendów w praktykach STD111
  • Stosować przyjazny język medyczny, który jest nieoceniający i wspierający112
  • Promować zdrowie seksualne i bezpieczne praktyki113

Wyzwania w leczeniu STD

Oporność na antybiotyki

Oporność na środki przeciwdrobnoustrojowe (AMR) w przypadku STD, szczególnie rzeżączki, szybko wzrosła w ostatnich latach i ograniczyła opcje leczenia.114 Bakterie nauczyły się opierać skutkom leków stosowanych w leczeniu rzeżączki.115

Stale rosnąca oporność na leki jest poważnym wyzwaniem dla skutecznej kontroli STD i wymaga innowacyjnych podejść do diagnostyki, leczenia i zapobiegania.116

Wzrost zachorowalności na STD

Stany Zjednoczone i inne kraje stoją obecnie w obliczu kryzysu zdrowia publicznego z powodu rosnących wskaźników zakażeń przenoszonych drogą płciową.117 Pandemia COVID-19 miała wpływ na zapobieganie, wykrywanie i leczenie STD, w szczególności chlamydii, rzeżączki i kiły, które same w sobie były już na poziomie epidemicznym.118

Narodowy strategiczny plan dotyczący STD został opracowany w odpowiedzi na niedawny gwałtowny wzrost liczby STD i koncentruje się na czterech STD, które najbardziej wpływają na zdrowie Amerykanów: kile, rzeżączce, chlamydii i HPV.119

Podejście interdyscyplinarne do opieki w zakresie STD

Skuteczna opieka w zakresie STD wymaga podejścia interdyscyplinarnego, które obejmuje różnych pracowników służby zdrowia, w tym lekarzy, pielęgniarki, doradców i specjalistów zdrowia publicznego.120

Rola personelu medycznego polega na pomocy, leczeniu i edukacji pacjentów na temat ich chorób oraz promowaniu i sugerowaniu zdrowych zachowań, które minimalizują ponowne zakażenia.121

Kluczem do zarządzania zakażeniami przenoszonymi drogą płciową jest prowadzenie otwartego dialogu z pacjentem dotyczącego jego historii seksualnej, obecnych praktyk, czynników ryzyka i kontynuacji leczenia. Ustanowienie dobrej relacji tworzy neutralne środowisko i optymalizuje przebieg leczenia.122

Podsumowanie opieki pielęgniarskiej nad pacjentami z STD

Pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w opiece nad pacjentami z chorobami przenoszonymi drogą płciową, począwszy od profilaktyki i badań przesiewowych, przez diagnostykę i leczenie, aż po edukację i wsparcie psychospołeczne.123

Kompleksowa opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentami z STD powinna obejmować:124125

  • Ocenę czynników przyczyniających się do wysokiej częstości występowania zakażeń przenoszonych drogą płciową
  • Rozumienie etiologii, objawów klinicznych, powikłań i nieprawidłowości diagnostycznych różnych STD
  • Zapewnienie odpowiedniej opieki współpracującej i farmakoterapii
  • Integrację oceny pielęgniarskiej i diagnoz pielęgniarskich dla pacjentów z STD
  • Wdrożenie strategii profilaktyki i kontroli STD
  • Zapewnienie kompleksowej edukacji pacjentów i wsparcia emocjonalnego

Oczekiwane wyniki opieki pielęgniarskiej nad pacjentami z STD mogą obejmować:126

  1. Zdobycie wiedzy i zrozumienie STD
  2. Mniej niespokojne zachowanie
  3. Przestrzeganie zaleceń dotyczących leczenia
  4. Brak powikłań

Pielęgniarki są w wyjątkowej pozycji, aby zmniejszyć wpływ STD poprzez świadczenie kompleksowej, poufnej i wrażliwej opieki, która uwzględnia zarówno potrzeby fizyczne, jak i psychospołeczne pacjentów z zakażeniami przenoszonymi drogą płciową.127

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 14.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/symptoms-causes/syc-20351240
    Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They are spread mainly by sexual contact. STIs are caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. A sexually transmitted infection may pass from person to person in blood, semen, or vaginal and other bodily fluids. […] STDs can have a range of symptoms, including no symptoms. That’s why sexually transmitted infections may go unnoticed until a person has complications or a partner is diagnosed. […] See a health care professional immediately if: You are sexually active and may have been exposed to a sexually transmitted infection. You have symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection. […] Sexually transmitted infections can be caused by: Bacteria. Gonorrhea, syphilis and chlamydia are examples of STDs that are caused by bacteria.
  • #2 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9138-sexually-transmitted-diseases–infections-stds–stis
    Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are infections or conditions that you can get from any kind of sexual activity involving your mouth, anus, vagina or penis. Another common name for STIs is sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs. […] Sexually transmitted infections are highly contagious. If you’re sexually active, you can have (and pass on) an STI without even knowing it. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends regular STI screenings or testing if you’re sexually active. […] STIs are serious illnesses that need treatment. Some, like the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), have no cure and can be life-threatening without treatment. […] If you have an STI, it’s important to visit a healthcare provider to receive treatment. Some STIs are curable. You can prevent the spread of STIs by getting tested regularly if you’re sexually active, talking to your sexual partners about your diagnosis and using protection during sex.
  • #3 Sexually Transmitted Infections | STIs | Venereal Disease | MedlinePlus
    https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html
    Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), are infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact. They are usually spread during vaginal, oral, or anal sex. But sometimes they can spread through other sexual contact involving the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus. This is because some STIs, like herpes and HPV, are spread by skin-to-skin contact. […] Some STIs can be passed to the fetus during pregnancy or during childbirth. Other ways that some STIs may be spread include during breastfeeding, through blood transfusions, or by sharing needles. […] Most STIs affect both men and women, but in many cases the health problems they cause can be more severe for women. If an STI is passed to a baby, it can cause serious health problems.
  • #4 Treating STDS
    https://www.nursingcenter.com/clinical-resources/nursing-pocket-cards/sexually-transmitted-diseases
    Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) refer to a variety of clinical syndromes and infections caused by pathogens that can be acquired and transmitted through sexual activity. STDs are very common; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (2024) estimated that 26 million new infections occurred in the United States in 2018, with almost half among youth aged 15-24 years. […] The consequences of STDs can be serious, and include severe reproductive complications, neonatal injury, and death. […] While all communities are affected, significant racial, ethnic, and other disparities persist. […] An important component of STD treatment is partner management. Arrangements for the evaluation and treatment of sex partners should be made either directly or with assistance from state and local health departments.
  • #5 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
    https://www.unitypoint.org/find-a-service/primary-care/sexually-transmitted-infections
    We provide comprehensive, confidential and judgement-free testing and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), often referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). […] If you think you have an STD, its important to get tested. The sooner you treat an STD, the quicker you stop any spread, feel better and reduce your risk of serious disease. […] If you have been sexually active and potentially exposed to an STD and/or you have signs and symptoms of an STD, get tested as soon as possible. […] A provider will ask you about your symptoms and your medical and sexual history. Answering questions honestly will help our team get you the right care. […] After a positive STD diagnosis, a provider will give you a care plan and ask you to notify your sexual partner(s) to also get tested. Not all STIs require partner notification though. Our team will help guide you in how to notify your sexual partners, if necessary. […] CDC reports show sexually transmitted infection cases continue to rise, especially for chlamydia and gonorrhea.
  • #6 Treating STDS
    https://www.nursingcenter.com/clinical-resources/nursing-pocket-cards/sexually-transmitted-diseases
    Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) refer to a variety of clinical syndromes and infections caused by pathogens that can be acquired and transmitted through sexual activity. STDs are very common; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (2024) estimated that 26 million new infections occurred in the United States in 2018, with almost half among youth aged 15-24 years. […] The consequences of STDs can be serious, and include severe reproductive complications, neonatal injury, and death. […] While all communities are affected, significant racial, ethnic, and other disparities persist. […] An important component of STD treatment is partner management. Arrangements for the evaluation and treatment of sex partners should be made either directly or with assistance from state and local health departments.
  • #7
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)
    More than 1 million curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired every day worldwide in people 15-49 years old, the majority of which are asymptomatic. […] STIs have a direct impact on sexual and reproductive health through stigmatization, infertility, cancers and pregnancy complications and can increase the risk of HIV. […] STIs can have serious consequences beyond the immediate impact of the infection itself. […] STIs like herpes, gonorrhoea and syphilis can increase the risk of HIV acquisition. […] Mother-to-child transmission of STIs can result in stillbirth, neonatal death, low-birth weight and prematurity, sepsis, neonatal conjunctivitis and congenital deformities. […] STIs such as gonorrhoea and chlamydia are major causes of pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in women.
  • #8 Treating STDS
    https://www.nursingcenter.com/clinical-resources/nursing-pocket-cards/sexually-transmitted-diseases
    Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) refer to a variety of clinical syndromes and infections caused by pathogens that can be acquired and transmitted through sexual activity. STDs are very common; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (2024) estimated that 26 million new infections occurred in the United States in 2018, with almost half among youth aged 15-24 years. […] The consequences of STDs can be serious, and include severe reproductive complications, neonatal injury, and death. […] While all communities are affected, significant racial, ethnic, and other disparities persist. […] An important component of STD treatment is partner management. Arrangements for the evaluation and treatment of sex partners should be made either directly or with assistance from state and local health departments.
  • #9 Sexually Transmitted Infections | STIs | Venereal Disease | MedlinePlus
    https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html
    STIs don’t always cause symptoms or may only cause mild symptoms. So it is possible to have an infection and not know it. And even without symptoms, STIs can still be harmful and may be passed on during sex. […] It’s important to get treatment if you have an STI. Some types of STIs can cause serious health problems if they are not treated. […] The surest way to protect yourself against STIs is to not have sex. […] If you do decide to have sex, you can lower your risk of getting an STI by: Having you and your partner tested for STIs before having sex. […] Getting vaccinated against HPV and hepatitis B.
  • #10 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/symptoms-causes/syc-20351240
    Many people in the early stages of an STD have no symptoms. That’s why screening is important to prevent complications. […] There are many ways to avoid or lower your risk of getting an STD. […] Use condoms and dental dams consistently and correctly. Use a new latex or polyurethane condom or dental dam for each sex act, whether oral, vaginal or anal. […] Your health care professional will prescribe these medicines for HIV prevention only if you don’t already have HIV. You’ll need an HIV test before you start taking PrEP and then every three months as long as you’re taking it.
  • #11 Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Health & Human Services
    https://hhs.iowa.gov/data/health/sexually-transmitted-diseases
    It is common for individuals with STDs to have no obvious signs or symptoms (asymptomatic). This is especially true for infections like chlamydia and gonorrhea. This means that someone can be infected and not know it, leading to the individual unknowingly spreading the infections to others and putting them at risk for long-term health consequences. For asymptomatic STDs, the only way to know whether you are infected is to be tested.
  • #12 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351246
    Diagnosis of an STD starts with your sexual history and current symptoms. If these suggest that you have an STD, your health care professional may do a physical or pelvic exam to look for signs of infection. Some signs of infection are a rash, warts or discharge. […] Lab tests can find the cause of STD symptoms. They can also find sexually transmitted infections without symptoms. […] Testing for an STD or sexually transmitted infection in someone who doesn’t have symptoms is called screening. Most of the time, STI screening is not a routine part of health care. […] But when a person’s risk for getting an STD changes, a health care professional may suggest screening. […] Experts recommend STI screening for: […] Almost everyone at least once. Guidelines suggest screening with a blood or saliva test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS, for everyone ages 15 to 65.
  • #13 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351246
    Diagnosis of an STD starts with your sexual history and current symptoms. If these suggest that you have an STD, your health care professional may do a physical or pelvic exam to look for signs of infection. Some signs of infection are a rash, warts or discharge. […] Lab tests can find the cause of STD symptoms. They can also find sexually transmitted infections without symptoms. […] Testing for an STD or sexually transmitted infection in someone who doesn’t have symptoms is called screening. Most of the time, STI screening is not a routine part of health care. […] But when a person’s risk for getting an STD changes, a health care professional may suggest screening. […] Experts recommend STI screening for: […] Almost everyone at least once. Guidelines suggest screening with a blood or saliva test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS, for everyone ages 15 to 65.
  • #14
    https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh3103
    Don’t have sexual contact while you have symptoms of an STI or are being treated for an STI. […] You can help prevent STIs if you wait to have sex with a new partner (or partners) until you’ve each been tested for STIs. It also helps if you use condoms and if you limit your sex partners to one person who has sex only with you. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new belly or pelvic pain. […] You have a discharge from the vagina, penis, or anus. […] You think you may have been exposed to an STI.
  • #15 STDs in Nursing Homes – A Sign of Nursing Home Neglect
    https://nursinghomesabuse.org/nursing-home-injuries/infections/stds/
    However, specific cases of STDs in nursing homes may also relate to medical innovations affecting individuals 65 or older. […] Unfortunately, not all STD cases arise from consensual interactions. Some cases result from sexual abuse by nursing home staff or other residents. […] If a nursing home does not diagnose a resident with an STD due to inadequate medical services or insufficient oversight, that may qualify as neglect. […] Nursing homes have a legal duty to provide reasonable safety and care to residents. Thus, a nursing home may be liable if a resident takes advantage of a physically or mentally vulnerable patient and gives them an STD. […] STD symptoms vary somewhat depending on the specific disease. However, common symptoms of STDs are: Itching or discomfort in the genital area, Pain or burning during urination, Rashes, sores, or blisters around the genitals, Blood or unusual discharge from the genitals, Pain in the pelvis or lower abdomen. […] In most cases, STDs in nursing homes can be dealt with through simple medical treatments, education, and safe sex resources. But if you or a loved one have contracted an STD due to abuse or neglect in a nursing home, you need the best legal resources available.
  • #16 STDs in Nursing Homes – A Sign of Nursing Home Neglect
    https://nursinghomesabuse.org/nursing-home-injuries/infections/stds/
    However, specific cases of STDs in nursing homes may also relate to medical innovations affecting individuals 65 or older. […] Unfortunately, not all STD cases arise from consensual interactions. Some cases result from sexual abuse by nursing home staff or other residents. […] If a nursing home does not diagnose a resident with an STD due to inadequate medical services or insufficient oversight, that may qualify as neglect. […] Nursing homes have a legal duty to provide reasonable safety and care to residents. Thus, a nursing home may be liable if a resident takes advantage of a physically or mentally vulnerable patient and gives them an STD. […] STD symptoms vary somewhat depending on the specific disease. However, common symptoms of STDs are: Itching or discomfort in the genital area, Pain or burning during urination, Rashes, sores, or blisters around the genitals, Blood or unusual discharge from the genitals, Pain in the pelvis or lower abdomen. […] In most cases, STDs in nursing homes can be dealt with through simple medical treatments, education, and safe sex resources. But if you or a loved one have contracted an STD due to abuse or neglect in a nursing home, you need the best legal resources available.
  • #17 STDs in Nursing Homes – A Sign of Nursing Home Neglect
    https://nursinghomesabuse.org/nursing-home-injuries/infections/stds/
    However, specific cases of STDs in nursing homes may also relate to medical innovations affecting individuals 65 or older. […] Unfortunately, not all STD cases arise from consensual interactions. Some cases result from sexual abuse by nursing home staff or other residents. […] If a nursing home does not diagnose a resident with an STD due to inadequate medical services or insufficient oversight, that may qualify as neglect. […] Nursing homes have a legal duty to provide reasonable safety and care to residents. Thus, a nursing home may be liable if a resident takes advantage of a physically or mentally vulnerable patient and gives them an STD. […] STD symptoms vary somewhat depending on the specific disease. However, common symptoms of STDs are: Itching or discomfort in the genital area, Pain or burning during urination, Rashes, sores, or blisters around the genitals, Blood or unusual discharge from the genitals, Pain in the pelvis or lower abdomen. […] In most cases, STDs in nursing homes can be dealt with through simple medical treatments, education, and safe sex resources. But if you or a loved one have contracted an STD due to abuse or neglect in a nursing home, you need the best legal resources available.
  • #18 STDs in Nursing Homes – A Sign of Nursing Home Neglect
    https://nursinghomesabuse.org/nursing-home-injuries/infections/stds/
    However, specific cases of STDs in nursing homes may also relate to medical innovations affecting individuals 65 or older. […] Unfortunately, not all STD cases arise from consensual interactions. Some cases result from sexual abuse by nursing home staff or other residents. […] If a nursing home does not diagnose a resident with an STD due to inadequate medical services or insufficient oversight, that may qualify as neglect. […] Nursing homes have a legal duty to provide reasonable safety and care to residents. Thus, a nursing home may be liable if a resident takes advantage of a physically or mentally vulnerable patient and gives them an STD. […] STD symptoms vary somewhat depending on the specific disease. However, common symptoms of STDs are: Itching or discomfort in the genital area, Pain or burning during urination, Rashes, sores, or blisters around the genitals, Blood or unusual discharge from the genitals, Pain in the pelvis or lower abdomen. […] In most cases, STDs in nursing homes can be dealt with through simple medical treatments, education, and safe sex resources. But if you or a loved one have contracted an STD due to abuse or neglect in a nursing home, you need the best legal resources available.
  • #19 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351246
    Diagnosis of an STD starts with your sexual history and current symptoms. If these suggest that you have an STD, your health care professional may do a physical or pelvic exam to look for signs of infection. Some signs of infection are a rash, warts or discharge. […] Lab tests can find the cause of STD symptoms. They can also find sexually transmitted infections without symptoms. […] Testing for an STD or sexually transmitted infection in someone who doesn’t have symptoms is called screening. Most of the time, STI screening is not a routine part of health care. […] But when a person’s risk for getting an STD changes, a health care professional may suggest screening. […] Experts recommend STI screening for: […] Almost everyone at least once. Guidelines suggest screening with a blood or saliva test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS, for everyone ages 15 to 65.
  • #20 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351246
    Diagnosis of an STD starts with your sexual history and current symptoms. If these suggest that you have an STD, your health care professional may do a physical or pelvic exam to look for signs of infection. Some signs of infection are a rash, warts or discharge. […] Lab tests can find the cause of STD symptoms. They can also find sexually transmitted infections without symptoms. […] Testing for an STD or sexually transmitted infection in someone who doesn’t have symptoms is called screening. Most of the time, STI screening is not a routine part of health care. […] But when a person’s risk for getting an STD changes, a health care professional may suggest screening. […] Experts recommend STI screening for: […] Almost everyone at least once. Guidelines suggest screening with a blood or saliva test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS, for everyone ages 15 to 65.
  • #21 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351246
    Diagnosis of an STD starts with your sexual history and current symptoms. If these suggest that you have an STD, your health care professional may do a physical or pelvic exam to look for signs of infection. Some signs of infection are a rash, warts or discharge. […] Lab tests can find the cause of STD symptoms. They can also find sexually transmitted infections without symptoms. […] Testing for an STD or sexually transmitted infection in someone who doesn’t have symptoms is called screening. Most of the time, STI screening is not a routine part of health care. […] But when a person’s risk for getting an STD changes, a health care professional may suggest screening. […] Experts recommend STI screening for: […] Almost everyone at least once. Guidelines suggest screening with a blood or saliva test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS, for everyone ages 15 to 65.
  • #22 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351246
    Diagnosis of an STD starts with your sexual history and current symptoms. If these suggest that you have an STD, your health care professional may do a physical or pelvic exam to look for signs of infection. Some signs of infection are a rash, warts or discharge. […] Lab tests can find the cause of STD symptoms. They can also find sexually transmitted infections without symptoms. […] Testing for an STD or sexually transmitted infection in someone who doesn’t have symptoms is called screening. Most of the time, STI screening is not a routine part of health care. […] But when a person’s risk for getting an STD changes, a health care professional may suggest screening. […] Experts recommend STI screening for: […] Almost everyone at least once. Guidelines suggest screening with a blood or saliva test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS, for everyone ages 15 to 65.
  • #23 STI National Strategic Plan Overview | HHS.govLock
    https://www.hhs.gov/programs/topic-sites/sexually-transmitted-infections/plan-overview/index.html
    The Sexually Transmitted Infections National Strategic Plan (STI Plan) is a groundbreaking, first-ever, five-year plan that aims to reverse the recent dramatic rise in STIs in the United States. The STI Plan sets a vision as well as goals, objectives, and strategies to respond to this STI epidemic. It also includes indicators with measurable targets to track progress. […] The STI epidemic affects the health of people and communities and is costly to the health care system. When left untreated, STIs can lead to long term health problems such as chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and poor birth outcomes including death of newborns. STIs can also increase the risk of getting HIV and giving HIV to others. […] The STI Plan is designed to meet the prevention and treatment needs of everyone in the United States—but the plan recognizes that some groups of people and some communities and regions are more impacted by STIs than others.
  • #24 Sexually Transmitted Infections
    https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/staying-in-hiv-care/other-related-health-issues/sexually-transmitted-diseases
    Untreated STIs can lead to serious health problems. Make STI testing and treatment part of your regular HIV care. […] STI testing, prevention, and treatment should be part of regular HIV care for sexually active people. […] STIs also commonly referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that are spread from person to person through sexual activity, including anal, vaginal, or oral sex. […] If you have HIV, it can be harder to treat STIs, especially if you have a low CD4 count. That’s why STI testing should be part of your regular HIV care if you’re sexually active. […] The only 100% effective way to avoid getting other STIs is to not have vaginal, anal, or oral sex. […] Using condoms the right way every time can prevent the transmission of other STIs like gonorrhea and chlamydia. Routine testing for STIs is also important.
  • #25 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351246
    Diagnosis of an STD starts with your sexual history and current symptoms. If these suggest that you have an STD, your health care professional may do a physical or pelvic exam to look for signs of infection. Some signs of infection are a rash, warts or discharge. […] Lab tests can find the cause of STD symptoms. They can also find sexually transmitted infections without symptoms. […] Testing for an STD or sexually transmitted infection in someone who doesn’t have symptoms is called screening. Most of the time, STI screening is not a routine part of health care. […] But when a person’s risk for getting an STD changes, a health care professional may suggest screening. […] Experts recommend STI screening for: […] Almost everyone at least once. Guidelines suggest screening with a blood or saliva test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS, for everyone ages 15 to 65.
  • #26 Treating STDS
    https://www.nursingcenter.com/clinical-resources/nursing-pocket-cards/sexually-transmitted-diseases
    Nurses play an important role in educating patients on STDs, screening for disease, and providing treatment. Nurses can also help minimize the impact of social stigma by providing informed, confidential, and sensitive care, and by promoting sexual health and safe practices. As first-line providers who have frequent contact with patients and know the local communities well, nurses are in a good position to help identify, treat, and prevent STDs.
  • #27 Treating STDS
    https://www.nursingcenter.com/clinical-resources/nursing-pocket-cards/sexually-transmitted-diseases
    Nurses play an important role in educating patients on STDs, screening for disease, and providing treatment. Nurses can also help minimize the impact of social stigma by providing informed, confidential, and sensitive care, and by promoting sexual health and safe practices. As first-line providers who have frequent contact with patients and know the local communities well, nurses are in a good position to help identify, treat, and prevent STDs.
  • #28 Nursing Process: The Patient With a Sexually Transmitted Disease
    https://www.brainkart.com/article/Nursing-Process–The-Patient-With-a-Sexually-Transmitted-Disease_32634/
    The patient should be asked to describe the onset and progression of symptoms and to characterize any lesions by location and by describing drainage, if present. […] Protecting confidentiality is important when discussing sexual issues. […] During physical examination, the examiner looks for rashes, lesions, drainage, discharge, or swelling. […] Based on assessment data, the patients major nursing diagnoses may include the following: Deficient knowledge about the disease and risk for spread of infection and reinfection. […] Education about and prevention of the spread of STDs to others is often accomplished simultaneously. […] The infected patient should be told what the causative organism is and should receive an explanation of the usual course of the infection (including interval of potential communicability to others) and possible complications.
  • #29 Nursing Management: Sexually Transmitted Infections | Nurse Key
    https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-sexually-transmitted-infections/
    Nursing Management: Sexually Transmitted Infections […] Learning Outcomes […] 1. Assess the factors contributing to the high incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). […] 2. Describe the etiology, clinical manifestations, complications, and diagnostic abnormalities of gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydial infections, genital herpes, and genital warts. […] 3. Compare and contrast primary genital herpes with recurrent genital herpes. […] 4. Explain the collaborative care and drug therapy of gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydial infections, genital herpes, and genital warts. […] 5. Integrate the nursing assessment and nursing diagnoses for patients who have an STI. […] 6. Summarize the nursing role in the prevention and control of STIs. […] 7. Describe the nursing management of patients with STIs.
  • #30 Nursing Process: The Patient With a Sexually Transmitted Disease
    https://www.brainkart.com/article/Nursing-Process–The-Patient-With-a-Sexually-Transmitted-Disease_32634/
    The patient should be asked to describe the onset and progression of symptoms and to characterize any lesions by location and by describing drainage, if present. […] Protecting confidentiality is important when discussing sexual issues. […] During physical examination, the examiner looks for rashes, lesions, drainage, discharge, or swelling. […] Based on assessment data, the patients major nursing diagnoses may include the following: Deficient knowledge about the disease and risk for spread of infection and reinfection. […] Education about and prevention of the spread of STDs to others is often accomplished simultaneously. […] The infected patient should be told what the causative organism is and should receive an explanation of the usual course of the infection (including interval of potential communicability to others) and possible complications.
  • #31 Nursing Management: Sexually Transmitted Infections | Nurse Key
    https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-sexually-transmitted-infections/
    Nursing Management: Sexually Transmitted Infections […] Learning Outcomes […] 1. Assess the factors contributing to the high incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). […] 2. Describe the etiology, clinical manifestations, complications, and diagnostic abnormalities of gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydial infections, genital herpes, and genital warts. […] 3. Compare and contrast primary genital herpes with recurrent genital herpes. […] 4. Explain the collaborative care and drug therapy of gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydial infections, genital herpes, and genital warts. […] 5. Integrate the nursing assessment and nursing diagnoses for patients who have an STI. […] 6. Summarize the nursing role in the prevention and control of STIs. […] 7. Describe the nursing management of patients with STIs.
  • #32 Nursing Process: The Patient With a Sexually Transmitted Disease
    https://www.brainkart.com/article/Nursing-Process–The-Patient-With-a-Sexually-Transmitted-Disease_32634/
    The patient should be asked to describe the onset and progression of symptoms and to characterize any lesions by location and by describing drainage, if present. […] Protecting confidentiality is important when discussing sexual issues. […] During physical examination, the examiner looks for rashes, lesions, drainage, discharge, or swelling. […] Based on assessment data, the patients major nursing diagnoses may include the following: Deficient knowledge about the disease and risk for spread of infection and reinfection. […] Education about and prevention of the spread of STDs to others is often accomplished simultaneously. […] The infected patient should be told what the causative organism is and should receive an explanation of the usual course of the infection (including interval of potential communicability to others) and possible complications.
  • #33 Nursing Process: The Patient With a Sexually Transmitted Disease
    https://www.brainkart.com/article/Nursing-Process–The-Patient-With-a-Sexually-Transmitted-Disease_32634/
    The patient should be asked to describe the onset and progression of symptoms and to characterize any lesions by location and by describing drainage, if present. […] Protecting confidentiality is important when discussing sexual issues. […] During physical examination, the examiner looks for rashes, lesions, drainage, discharge, or swelling. […] Based on assessment data, the patients major nursing diagnoses may include the following: Deficient knowledge about the disease and risk for spread of infection and reinfection. […] Education about and prevention of the spread of STDs to others is often accomplished simultaneously. […] The infected patient should be told what the causative organism is and should receive an explanation of the usual course of the infection (including interval of potential communicability to others) and possible complications.
  • #34 Nursing Process: The Patient With a Sexually Transmitted Disease
    https://www.brainkart.com/article/Nursing-Process–The-Patient-With-a-Sexually-Transmitted-Disease_32634/
    STDs may lead to PID and, with it, increased risk for ectopic pregnancy and infertility. […] All STDs can be transmitted to infants in utero or at the time of birth. […] STDs can cause disseminated infection. […] HIV, which is primarily spread as an STD, leads to the profound immunosuppression of AIDS. […] Expected patient outcomes may include the following: 1) Acquires knowledge and understanding of STDs. […] 2) Demonstrates a less anxious demeanor. […] 3) Complies with treatment. […] 4) Absence of complications.
  • #35 Nursing Care Plan for Gonorrhea (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-gonorrhea-sti
    Administer or facilitate the administration of prescribed antibiotics. […] To eliminate the infection and prevent transmission. […] Provide counseling on the use of condoms and safe sex practices. […] To prevent reinfection and the spread of STIs. […] Encourage notification of recent sexual partners and facilitate contact tracing if appropriate. […] To ensure that partners are tested and treated to prevent the spread of infection. […] Provide emotional support and address concerns about stigma, relationships, and fertility. […] Diagnosis of an STI can be emotionally distressing and impact relationships. […] Ensure follow-up testing to confirm the eradication of the infection and assess for complications. […] To confirm cure and manage any potential complications. […] Monitor the resolution of symptoms. […] Ensure adherence to the treatment regimen and safe sex practices. […] Evaluate the patients understanding of the disease and its management. […] Reassess for emotional and psychological well-being.
  • #36 Nursing Care Plan for Gonorrhea (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-gonorrhea-sti
    Administer or facilitate the administration of prescribed antibiotics. […] To eliminate the infection and prevent transmission. […] Provide counseling on the use of condoms and safe sex practices. […] To prevent reinfection and the spread of STIs. […] Encourage notification of recent sexual partners and facilitate contact tracing if appropriate. […] To ensure that partners are tested and treated to prevent the spread of infection. […] Provide emotional support and address concerns about stigma, relationships, and fertility. […] Diagnosis of an STI can be emotionally distressing and impact relationships. […] Ensure follow-up testing to confirm the eradication of the infection and assess for complications. […] To confirm cure and manage any potential complications. […] Monitor the resolution of symptoms. […] Ensure adherence to the treatment regimen and safe sex practices. […] Evaluate the patients understanding of the disease and its management. […] Reassess for emotional and psychological well-being.
  • #37 Nursing Care Plan for Gonorrhea (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-gonorrhea-sti
    Administer or facilitate the administration of prescribed antibiotics. […] To eliminate the infection and prevent transmission. […] Provide counseling on the use of condoms and safe sex practices. […] To prevent reinfection and the spread of STIs. […] Encourage notification of recent sexual partners and facilitate contact tracing if appropriate. […] To ensure that partners are tested and treated to prevent the spread of infection. […] Provide emotional support and address concerns about stigma, relationships, and fertility. […] Diagnosis of an STI can be emotionally distressing and impact relationships. […] Ensure follow-up testing to confirm the eradication of the infection and assess for complications. […] To confirm cure and manage any potential complications. […] Monitor the resolution of symptoms. […] Ensure adherence to the treatment regimen and safe sex practices. […] Evaluate the patients understanding of the disease and its management. […] Reassess for emotional and psychological well-being.
  • #38 Nursing Care Plan for Gonorrhea (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-gonorrhea-sti
    Administer or facilitate the administration of prescribed antibiotics. […] To eliminate the infection and prevent transmission. […] Provide counseling on the use of condoms and safe sex practices. […] To prevent reinfection and the spread of STIs. […] Encourage notification of recent sexual partners and facilitate contact tracing if appropriate. […] To ensure that partners are tested and treated to prevent the spread of infection. […] Provide emotional support and address concerns about stigma, relationships, and fertility. […] Diagnosis of an STI can be emotionally distressing and impact relationships. […] Ensure follow-up testing to confirm the eradication of the infection and assess for complications. […] To confirm cure and manage any potential complications. […] Monitor the resolution of symptoms. […] Ensure adherence to the treatment regimen and safe sex practices. […] Evaluate the patients understanding of the disease and its management. […] Reassess for emotional and psychological well-being.
  • #39 Nursing Care Plan for Gonorrhea (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-gonorrhea-sti
    Administer or facilitate the administration of prescribed antibiotics. […] To eliminate the infection and prevent transmission. […] Provide counseling on the use of condoms and safe sex practices. […] To prevent reinfection and the spread of STIs. […] Encourage notification of recent sexual partners and facilitate contact tracing if appropriate. […] To ensure that partners are tested and treated to prevent the spread of infection. […] Provide emotional support and address concerns about stigma, relationships, and fertility. […] Diagnosis of an STI can be emotionally distressing and impact relationships. […] Ensure follow-up testing to confirm the eradication of the infection and assess for complications. […] To confirm cure and manage any potential complications. […] Monitor the resolution of symptoms. […] Ensure adherence to the treatment regimen and safe sex practices. […] Evaluate the patients understanding of the disease and its management. […] Reassess for emotional and psychological well-being.
  • #40
  • #41 Nursing Care Plan for Chlamydia (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-chlamydia-sti
    Upon completion of this nursing care plan for Chlamydia, nursing students will be able to: […] Provide in-depth knowledge and understanding of Chlamydia, a common sexually transmitted infection (STI), focusing on its pathophysiology, etiology, management, and nursing interventions. […] The goal is to enhance nursing care for patients with Chlamydia, emphasizing infection control, comprehensive patient education, and emotional support. […] Chlamydia is transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. […] Patient understanding of the condition, its treatment, and prevention strategies. […] Risk for Infection related to sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis. […] Knowledge Deficit related to the prevention, transmission, and treatment of Chlamydia. […] Risk for Infertility related to complications of untreated Chlamydia infection.
  • #42 Nursing Care Plan for Chlamydia (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-chlamydia-sti
    Anxiety related to the impact of the STI on personal and sexual relationships. […] Administering Treatment: Ensure the administration of prescribed antibiotics. […] Education on Safe Sexual Practices: Counsel on condom use and safe sex practices. […] Contact Tracing: Encourage the patient to notify sexual partners and facilitate partner testing and treatment. […] Emotional Support: Provide counseling and support, addressing fears related to fertility and relationships. […] Follow-Up and Screening: Arrange for follow-up testing to confirm the infection is cleared and screen for other STIs. […] Confirm the resolution of symptoms and adherence to the treatment regimen. […] Assess the patients understanding and practice of preventive measures. […] Evaluate the effectiveness of counseling and emotional support. […] Ensure follow-up testing is completed.
  • #43 Nursing Care Plan for Chlamydia (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-chlamydia-sti
    Upon completion of this nursing care plan for Chlamydia, nursing students will be able to: […] Provide in-depth knowledge and understanding of Chlamydia, a common sexually transmitted infection (STI), focusing on its pathophysiology, etiology, management, and nursing interventions. […] The goal is to enhance nursing care for patients with Chlamydia, emphasizing infection control, comprehensive patient education, and emotional support. […] Chlamydia is transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. […] Patient understanding of the condition, its treatment, and prevention strategies. […] Risk for Infection related to sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis. […] Knowledge Deficit related to the prevention, transmission, and treatment of Chlamydia. […] Risk for Infertility related to complications of untreated Chlamydia infection.
  • #44 Nursing Care Plan for Chlamydia (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-chlamydia-sti
    Anxiety related to the impact of the STI on personal and sexual relationships. […] Administering Treatment: Ensure the administration of prescribed antibiotics. […] Education on Safe Sexual Practices: Counsel on condom use and safe sex practices. […] Contact Tracing: Encourage the patient to notify sexual partners and facilitate partner testing and treatment. […] Emotional Support: Provide counseling and support, addressing fears related to fertility and relationships. […] Follow-Up and Screening: Arrange for follow-up testing to confirm the infection is cleared and screen for other STIs. […] Confirm the resolution of symptoms and adherence to the treatment regimen. […] Assess the patients understanding and practice of preventive measures. […] Evaluate the effectiveness of counseling and emotional support. […] Ensure follow-up testing is completed.
  • #45 Nursing Care Plan for Chlamydia (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-chlamydia-sti
    Upon completion of this nursing care plan for Chlamydia, nursing students will be able to: […] Provide in-depth knowledge and understanding of Chlamydia, a common sexually transmitted infection (STI), focusing on its pathophysiology, etiology, management, and nursing interventions. […] The goal is to enhance nursing care for patients with Chlamydia, emphasizing infection control, comprehensive patient education, and emotional support. […] Chlamydia is transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. […] Patient understanding of the condition, its treatment, and prevention strategies. […] Risk for Infection related to sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis. […] Knowledge Deficit related to the prevention, transmission, and treatment of Chlamydia. […] Risk for Infertility related to complications of untreated Chlamydia infection.
  • #46 Nursing Care Plan for Chlamydia (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-chlamydia-sti
    Anxiety related to the impact of the STI on personal and sexual relationships. […] Administering Treatment: Ensure the administration of prescribed antibiotics. […] Education on Safe Sexual Practices: Counsel on condom use and safe sex practices. […] Contact Tracing: Encourage the patient to notify sexual partners and facilitate partner testing and treatment. […] Emotional Support: Provide counseling and support, addressing fears related to fertility and relationships. […] Follow-Up and Screening: Arrange for follow-up testing to confirm the infection is cleared and screen for other STIs. […] Confirm the resolution of symptoms and adherence to the treatment regimen. […] Assess the patients understanding and practice of preventive measures. […] Evaluate the effectiveness of counseling and emotional support. […] Ensure follow-up testing is completed.
  • #47 Nursing Management: Sexually Transmitted Infections | Nurse Key
    https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-sexually-transmitted-infections/
    Gonorrhea is the second most frequently reported STI in the United States. Gonorrhea rates are highest in adolescents of all racial and ethnic groups and among African Americans. Most states have enacted laws that permit examination and treatment of minors without parental consent. […] Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a gram-negative diplococcus. The infection is spread by direct physical contact with an infected host, usually during sexual activity. The incubation period is 3 to 8 days. The infection confers no immunity to subsequent reinfection. Gonococcal infection elicits an inflammatory response, which, if left untreated, leads to the formation of fibrous tissue and adhesions. […] Many women who contract gonorrhea are asymptomatic or have minor symptoms that are often overlooked, making it possible for them to remain a source of infection. Anorectal gonorrhea may be present, usually as a result of anal intercourse. Symptoms may include mucopurulent anal discharge, bleeding, and tenesmus. Most patients with anorectal infections and infections in the throat have few symptoms.
  • #48 Nursing Care Plan for Gonorrhea (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-gonorrhea-sti
    Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Gonorrhea (STI) […] This plan aims to enhance nursing care for patients with gonorrhea, emphasizing infection control, patient education, and the importance of follow-up care. […] Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. […] Gonorrhea is transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. It can also be transmitted from mother to baby during childbirth. […] Comprehensive patient education on sexual health and prevention of STIs. […] Risk for Infection related to sexually transmitted Neisseria gonorrhoeae. […] Knowledge Deficit related to transmission, prevention, and treatment of gonorrhea. […] Risk for Impaired Relationship related to the impact of an STI diagnosis.
  • #49 Nursing Care Plan for Gonorrhea (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-gonorrhea-sti
    Administer or facilitate the administration of prescribed antibiotics. […] To eliminate the infection and prevent transmission. […] Provide counseling on the use of condoms and safe sex practices. […] To prevent reinfection and the spread of STIs. […] Encourage notification of recent sexual partners and facilitate contact tracing if appropriate. […] To ensure that partners are tested and treated to prevent the spread of infection. […] Provide emotional support and address concerns about stigma, relationships, and fertility. […] Diagnosis of an STI can be emotionally distressing and impact relationships. […] Ensure follow-up testing to confirm the eradication of the infection and assess for complications. […] To confirm cure and manage any potential complications. […] Monitor the resolution of symptoms. […] Ensure adherence to the treatment regimen and safe sex practices. […] Evaluate the patients understanding of the disease and its management. […] Reassess for emotional and psychological well-being.
  • #50 Nursing Management: Sexually Transmitted Infections | Nurse Key
    https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-sexually-transmitted-infections/
    Complications are more common in women who are asymptomatic. PID, Bartholins abscess, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility are the main complications of gonorrhea in women. Neonates can develop a gonococcal infection during delivery from an infected mother. Untreated infected infants develop permanent blindness. […] Because of a short incubation period and high infectivity, treatment is generally instituted without awaiting culture results. The treatment of gonorrhea in the early stage is curative with a cephalosporin antibiotic. Treatment for gonorrhea is an intramuscular (IM) dose of ceftriaxone or cefixime orally. […] Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum, a spirochete. This bacterium is thought to enter the body through very small breaks in the skin or mucous membranes. The incubation period for syphilis ranges from 10 to 90 days. Congenital syphilis is transmitted from an infected mother to the fetus in utero after the tenth week of pregnancy. An infected pregnant woman has a high risk of a stillbirth or a baby dying shortly after birth.
  • #51 Nursing Management: Sexually Transmitted Infections | Nurse Key
    https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-sexually-transmitted-infections/
    Complications are more common in women who are asymptomatic. PID, Bartholins abscess, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility are the main complications of gonorrhea in women. Neonates can develop a gonococcal infection during delivery from an infected mother. Untreated infected infants develop permanent blindness. […] Because of a short incubation period and high infectivity, treatment is generally instituted without awaiting culture results. The treatment of gonorrhea in the early stage is curative with a cephalosporin antibiotic. Treatment for gonorrhea is an intramuscular (IM) dose of ceftriaxone or cefixime orally. […] Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum, a spirochete. This bacterium is thought to enter the body through very small breaks in the skin or mucous membranes. The incubation period for syphilis ranges from 10 to 90 days. Congenital syphilis is transmitted from an infected mother to the fetus in utero after the tenth week of pregnancy. An infected pregnant woman has a high risk of a stillbirth or a baby dying shortly after birth.
  • #52 Nursing Care Plan for Gonorrhea (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-gonorrhea-sti
    Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Gonorrhea (STI) […] This plan aims to enhance nursing care for patients with gonorrhea, emphasizing infection control, patient education, and the importance of follow-up care. […] Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. […] Gonorrhea is transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. It can also be transmitted from mother to baby during childbirth. […] Comprehensive patient education on sexual health and prevention of STIs. […] Risk for Infection related to sexually transmitted Neisseria gonorrhoeae. […] Knowledge Deficit related to transmission, prevention, and treatment of gonorrhea. […] Risk for Impaired Relationship related to the impact of an STI diagnosis.
  • #53 Nursing Care Plan for Gonorrhea (STI) | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-gonorrhea-sti
    Administer or facilitate the administration of prescribed antibiotics. […] To eliminate the infection and prevent transmission. […] Provide counseling on the use of condoms and safe sex practices. […] To prevent reinfection and the spread of STIs. […] Encourage notification of recent sexual partners and facilitate contact tracing if appropriate. […] To ensure that partners are tested and treated to prevent the spread of infection. […] Provide emotional support and address concerns about stigma, relationships, and fertility. […] Diagnosis of an STI can be emotionally distressing and impact relationships. […] Ensure follow-up testing to confirm the eradication of the infection and assess for complications. […] To confirm cure and manage any potential complications. […] Monitor the resolution of symptoms. […] Ensure adherence to the treatment regimen and safe sex practices. […] Evaluate the patients understanding of the disease and its management. […] Reassess for emotional and psychological well-being.
  • #54 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9138-sexually-transmitted-diseases–infections-stds–stis
    Sexually transmitted infections can cause lifelong complications if left untreated. Common complications from untreated STIs include the following: HIV can lead to AIDS. Syphilis can damage your organs, nervous system and infect a developing fetus. […] A healthcare provider will diagnose a sexually transmitted infection (sexually transmitted disease) after a physical exam and testing. […] The goal of sexually transmitted infection (sexually transmitted disease) treatment is to: Cure many (not all) STIs. Lessen your symptoms. Reduce your likelihood of spreading the infection. Help you get healthy and stay healthy. […] Most STIs go away after treatment. Some may require lifelong management with medications. You can develop the same STI after it goes away if you get infected with it again.
  • #55 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351246
    All pregnant women will generally be screened for HIV, hepatitis B, chlamydia and syphilis early in the pregnancy. […] Experts recommend that all sexually active women under age 25 be tested for chlamydia infection. […] If you’ve been treated for a chlamydia infection, you should be retested in about three months. […] Having HIV raises your risk of getting other sexually transmitted diseases. […] If you are pregnant and have an STD, getting treatment right away can prevent or lower the risk of your baby becoming infected. […] Treatment for sexually transmitted infections usually consists of one of the following, depending on the infection: […] Antibiotics, often in a single dose, can cure many STIs caused by bacteria or parasites, such as gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis. […] If tests show that you have an STD, you need to tell your sex partners. […] Official, confidential partner notification can help limit the spread of sexually transmitted infections. […] It also steers those at risk for STDs to get counseling and treatment.
  • #56
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)
    Effective treatment is currently available for several STIs. […] Three bacterial (chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis) and one parasitic STIs (trichomoniasis) are generally curable with existing single-dose regimens of antibiotics. […] AMR of STIs in particular gonorrhoea has increased rapidly in recent years and has reduced treatment options. […] LMICs rely on identifying consistent, easily recognizable signs and symptoms to guide treatment, without the use of laboratory tests. […] To interrupt transmission and prevent re-infection, treating sexual partners is an important component of STI case management. […] People seeking screening and treatment for STIs face numerous problems. […] In many settings, STI services are often neglected and underfunded. […] WHO supports countries to increase accessibility of people-centred quality STI care.
  • #57
  • #58 Nursing Management: Sexually Transmitted Infections | Nurse Key
    https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-sexually-transmitted-infections/
    Complications are more common in women who are asymptomatic. PID, Bartholins abscess, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility are the main complications of gonorrhea in women. Neonates can develop a gonococcal infection during delivery from an infected mother. Untreated infected infants develop permanent blindness. […] Because of a short incubation period and high infectivity, treatment is generally instituted without awaiting culture results. The treatment of gonorrhea in the early stage is curative with a cephalosporin antibiotic. Treatment for gonorrhea is an intramuscular (IM) dose of ceftriaxone or cefixime orally. […] Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum, a spirochete. This bacterium is thought to enter the body through very small breaks in the skin or mucous membranes. The incubation period for syphilis ranges from 10 to 90 days. Congenital syphilis is transmitted from an infected mother to the fetus in utero after the tenth week of pregnancy. An infected pregnant woman has a high risk of a stillbirth or a baby dying shortly after birth.
  • #59
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)
    Effective treatment is currently available for several STIs. […] Three bacterial (chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis) and one parasitic STIs (trichomoniasis) are generally curable with existing single-dose regimens of antibiotics. […] AMR of STIs in particular gonorrhoea has increased rapidly in recent years and has reduced treatment options. […] LMICs rely on identifying consistent, easily recognizable signs and symptoms to guide treatment, without the use of laboratory tests. […] To interrupt transmission and prevent re-infection, treating sexual partners is an important component of STI case management. […] People seeking screening and treatment for STIs face numerous problems. […] In many settings, STI services are often neglected and underfunded. […] WHO supports countries to increase accessibility of people-centred quality STI care.
  • #60 Nursing Management: Sexually Transmitted Infections | Nurse Key
    https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-sexually-transmitted-infections/
    Complications of the disease occur mostly in late syphilis. The gummas of benign late syphilis may produce irreparable damage to bone, liver, or skin. Neurosyphilis causes degeneration of the brain with mental deterioration. […] Management of syphilis is aimed at eradicating all syphilitic organisms. Penicillin G benzathine or aqueous procaine penicillin G is the treatment of choice for all stages of syphilis. It is also important that all sexual contacts in the last 90 days be treated.
  • #61 Nursing Management: Sexually Transmitted Infections | Nurse Key
    https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-sexually-transmitted-infections/
    Complications of the disease occur mostly in late syphilis. The gummas of benign late syphilis may produce irreparable damage to bone, liver, or skin. Neurosyphilis causes degeneration of the brain with mental deterioration. […] Management of syphilis is aimed at eradicating all syphilitic organisms. Penicillin G benzathine or aqueous procaine penicillin G is the treatment of choice for all stages of syphilis. It is also important that all sexual contacts in the last 90 days be treated.
  • #62 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351246
    All pregnant women will generally be screened for HIV, hepatitis B, chlamydia and syphilis early in the pregnancy. […] Experts recommend that all sexually active women under age 25 be tested for chlamydia infection. […] If you’ve been treated for a chlamydia infection, you should be retested in about three months. […] Having HIV raises your risk of getting other sexually transmitted diseases. […] If you are pregnant and have an STD, getting treatment right away can prevent or lower the risk of your baby becoming infected. […] Treatment for sexually transmitted infections usually consists of one of the following, depending on the infection: […] Antibiotics, often in a single dose, can cure many STIs caused by bacteria or parasites, such as gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis. […] If tests show that you have an STD, you need to tell your sex partners. […] Official, confidential partner notification can help limit the spread of sexually transmitted infections. […] It also steers those at risk for STDs to get counseling and treatment.
  • #63
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)
    Effective treatment is currently available for several STIs. […] Three bacterial (chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis) and one parasitic STIs (trichomoniasis) are generally curable with existing single-dose regimens of antibiotics. […] AMR of STIs in particular gonorrhoea has increased rapidly in recent years and has reduced treatment options. […] LMICs rely on identifying consistent, easily recognizable signs and symptoms to guide treatment, without the use of laboratory tests. […] To interrupt transmission and prevent re-infection, treating sexual partners is an important component of STI case management. […] People seeking screening and treatment for STIs face numerous problems. […] In many settings, STI services are often neglected and underfunded. […] WHO supports countries to increase accessibility of people-centred quality STI care.
  • #64 How to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) | ACOG
    https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/how-to-prevent-stis
    Syphilis is caused by bacteria. The bacteria that cause syphilis enter the body through a cut in the skin or through contact with a partner’s syphilis sore. Because this sore commonly occurs on the vulva, vagina, anus, or penis, syphilis most often is spread through sexual contact. If not treated, syphilis can cause long-term health problems. […] Syphilis is treated with antibiotics. The length of treatment depends on how long you have had the infection. You may have blood tests over time to see if the treatment is working. Avoid sexual contact during treatment. If you are diagnosed with syphilis, you should also be tested for HIV. Your sex partners should be treated for syphilis too. […] There is no cure for herpes, but the infection can be managed. Antiviral medications taken during outbreaks can make them shorter and less severe. When taken on a daily basis, antiviral medications can reduce the number of outbreaks. This is called suppressive therapy. In some cases, suppressive therapy can prevent outbreaks for a long time. This therapy also reduces the risk of giving herpes to someone else.
  • #65 How to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) | ACOG
    https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/how-to-prevent-stis
    There is no cure for HIV infection, but it can be treated. Medications are available that can help people with HIV stay healthy for a long time. The earlier treatment is started, the better for your long-term health. Early treatment also reduces your risk of giving the virus to your sex partners. […] Trichomoniasis is an infection caused by a microscopic parasite that is spread through sex. It can be cured with treatment. Many people have no symptoms of trichomoniasis. When symptoms do occur, they include discharge from the vagina and vaginal itching and redness. […] Hepatitis is a serious infection of the liver caused by a virus. Two types of hepatitis, B and C, can be sexually transmitted. They can be spread by direct contact with the blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and saliva of an infected person. There is a vaccine to prevent infection with hepatitis B. There is no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C infection.
  • #66
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)
    Effective treatment is currently available for several STIs. […] Three bacterial (chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis) and one parasitic STIs (trichomoniasis) are generally curable with existing single-dose regimens of antibiotics. […] AMR of STIs in particular gonorrhoea has increased rapidly in recent years and has reduced treatment options. […] LMICs rely on identifying consistent, easily recognizable signs and symptoms to guide treatment, without the use of laboratory tests. […] To interrupt transmission and prevent re-infection, treating sexual partners is an important component of STI case management. […] People seeking screening and treatment for STIs face numerous problems. […] In many settings, STI services are often neglected and underfunded. […] WHO supports countries to increase accessibility of people-centred quality STI care.
  • #67 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351246
    All pregnant women will generally be screened for HIV, hepatitis B, chlamydia and syphilis early in the pregnancy. […] Experts recommend that all sexually active women under age 25 be tested for chlamydia infection. […] If you’ve been treated for a chlamydia infection, you should be retested in about three months. […] Having HIV raises your risk of getting other sexually transmitted diseases. […] If you are pregnant and have an STD, getting treatment right away can prevent or lower the risk of your baby becoming infected. […] Treatment for sexually transmitted infections usually consists of one of the following, depending on the infection: […] Antibiotics, often in a single dose, can cure many STIs caused by bacteria or parasites, such as gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis. […] If tests show that you have an STD, you need to tell your sex partners. […] Official, confidential partner notification can help limit the spread of sexually transmitted infections. […] It also steers those at risk for STDs to get counseling and treatment.
  • #68 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351246
    All pregnant women will generally be screened for HIV, hepatitis B, chlamydia and syphilis early in the pregnancy. […] Experts recommend that all sexually active women under age 25 be tested for chlamydia infection. […] If you’ve been treated for a chlamydia infection, you should be retested in about three months. […] Having HIV raises your risk of getting other sexually transmitted diseases. […] If you are pregnant and have an STD, getting treatment right away can prevent or lower the risk of your baby becoming infected. […] Treatment for sexually transmitted infections usually consists of one of the following, depending on the infection: […] Antibiotics, often in a single dose, can cure many STIs caused by bacteria or parasites, such as gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis. […] If tests show that you have an STD, you need to tell your sex partners. […] Official, confidential partner notification can help limit the spread of sexually transmitted infections. […] It also steers those at risk for STDs to get counseling and treatment.
  • #69 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351246
    All pregnant women will generally be screened for HIV, hepatitis B, chlamydia and syphilis early in the pregnancy. […] Experts recommend that all sexually active women under age 25 be tested for chlamydia infection. […] If you’ve been treated for a chlamydia infection, you should be retested in about three months. […] Having HIV raises your risk of getting other sexually transmitted diseases. […] If you are pregnant and have an STD, getting treatment right away can prevent or lower the risk of your baby becoming infected. […] Treatment for sexually transmitted infections usually consists of one of the following, depending on the infection: […] Antibiotics, often in a single dose, can cure many STIs caused by bacteria or parasites, such as gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis. […] If tests show that you have an STD, you need to tell your sex partners. […] Official, confidential partner notification can help limit the spread of sexually transmitted infections. […] It also steers those at risk for STDs to get counseling and treatment.
  • #70 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    https://www.nmhealth.org/about/phd/idb/std/
    The New Mexico Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Prevention Program has as its primary goal the reduction and prevention of the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV infection. […] The STD Program provides statewide consultation and technical assistance, partner services, screening, surveillance, health care provider education, case management, and partner notification for reportable STDs in the state. […] You can also find a Public Health Office near you that provides services such as: […] Free exams and treatment for sexually transmitted diseases. (STD) […] Counseling and treatment for partners of people with STDs. […] Expedited Partner Therapy has been legal in New Mexico under the Medical Practice Act since 2007. Health professionals can offer EPT to partners of patients with certain sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) under guidelines developed by the New Mexico Department of Health (NMDOH).
  • #71 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    https://www.nmhealth.org/about/phd/idb/std/
    The current epidemiology of STDs in New Mexico calls for multiple strategies to reduce the incidence of sexually transmitted infections, including the use of EPT for partners who are unable or unlikely to seek timely treatment. […] All STD cases diagnosed or treated in New Mexico are required by law to be reported to the STD Program in Santa Fe by using the STD Case Reporting Form. […] Additionally, any medical laboratory anywhere in the United States performing testing for New Mexico must report positive results to the New Mexico STD Program in Santa Fe.
  • #72 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/symptoms-causes/syc-20351240
    Many people in the early stages of an STD have no symptoms. That’s why screening is important to prevent complications. […] There are many ways to avoid or lower your risk of getting an STD. […] Use condoms and dental dams consistently and correctly. Use a new latex or polyurethane condom or dental dam for each sex act, whether oral, vaginal or anal. […] Your health care professional will prescribe these medicines for HIV prevention only if you don’t already have HIV. You’ll need an HIV test before you start taking PrEP and then every three months as long as you’re taking it.
  • #73 Sexually Transmitted Infections
    https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/staying-in-hiv-care/other-related-health-issues/sexually-transmitted-diseases
    Untreated STIs can lead to serious health problems. Make STI testing and treatment part of your regular HIV care. […] STI testing, prevention, and treatment should be part of regular HIV care for sexually active people. […] STIs also commonly referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that are spread from person to person through sexual activity, including anal, vaginal, or oral sex. […] If you have HIV, it can be harder to treat STIs, especially if you have a low CD4 count. That’s why STI testing should be part of your regular HIV care if you’re sexually active. […] The only 100% effective way to avoid getting other STIs is to not have vaginal, anal, or oral sex. […] Using condoms the right way every time can prevent the transmission of other STIs like gonorrhea and chlamydia. Routine testing for STIs is also important.
  • #74 Sexually Transmitted Infections | STIs | Venereal Disease | MedlinePlus
    https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html
    STIs don’t always cause symptoms or may only cause mild symptoms. So it is possible to have an infection and not know it. And even without symptoms, STIs can still be harmful and may be passed on during sex. […] It’s important to get treatment if you have an STI. Some types of STIs can cause serious health problems if they are not treated. […] The surest way to protect yourself against STIs is to not have sex. […] If you do decide to have sex, you can lower your risk of getting an STI by: Having you and your partner tested for STIs before having sex. […] Getting vaccinated against HPV and hepatitis B.
  • #75 NC DPH: Sexually Transmitted Diseases & Infections (STDs/STIs)
    https://epi.dph.ncdhhs.gov/cd/diseases/std.html
    The surest way to avoid transmission of STDs is to abstain from sexual contact, or to be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is known to be uninfected. Latex condoms and other measures can help prevent transmission of STDs; talk with your doctor. People who are sexually active should be tested regularly for STDs and then treated if needed. Their sex partners should also be tested and treated to avoid re-infection. All pregnant women should also be tested for STDs. […] If you experience symptoms such as itching, burning or pain, unusual discharge, bleeding, or sores, stop having sex and see a healthcare provider immediately. Sexual activity should not resume until all sex partners have been examined, tested, and treated if necessary.
  • #76 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/symptoms-causes/syc-20351240
    Many people in the early stages of an STD have no symptoms. That’s why screening is important to prevent complications. […] There are many ways to avoid or lower your risk of getting an STD. […] Use condoms and dental dams consistently and correctly. Use a new latex or polyurethane condom or dental dam for each sex act, whether oral, vaginal or anal. […] Your health care professional will prescribe these medicines for HIV prevention only if you don’t already have HIV. You’ll need an HIV test before you start taking PrEP and then every three months as long as you’re taking it.
  • #77 Nursing Management: Sexually Transmitted Infections | Nurse Key
    https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-sexually-transmitted-infections/
    Many factors contribute to the current STI rates. Earlier reproductive maturity and increased longevity have resulted in a longer sexual life span. The increase in the total population has resulted in an increase in the number of susceptible hosts. Other factors include greater sexual freedom, lack of barrier methods (e.g., condoms) during sexual activity, and the media’s increased emphasis on sexuality. Substance abuse contributes to unsafe sexual practices. […] The condom is considered to be the best form of protection (other than abstinence) against STIs. Although condom use has increased, condoms are still not used frequently in the general population. Commonly used oral contraceptives cause the secretions of the cervix and the vagina to become more alkaline. This change produces a more favorable environment for the growth of organisms that cause STIs at these sites. Women who take oral contraceptives may have a lower risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) as a result of the ability of the cervical mucus to act as a barrier against bacteria. However, the proliferation of Chlamydia organisms, the leading cause of nongonococcal PID, may be enhanced by oral contraceptive use.
  • #78 How to Prevent STIs | STI | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/sti/prevention/index.html
    This page includes information about prevention, testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as well as related resources. […] Testing is important to prevent the spread of STIs. […] An STI is a virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite people can get through sexual contact. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) develop as a result of an STI. […] Most STIs have no signs or symptoms. You or your partner could be positive and not know it. The only way to know your status is to get tested. […] Regular testing. You and your partner should get tested and share your results. […] Knowing your STI status is a critical step in prevention. […] Many STIs can be easily diagnosed and treated. If you or your partner have an STI, both of you need treatment at the same time. […] STIs are common. Many are curable – all are preventable.
  • #79 Be Safe Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections – National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
    https://www.prevention.va.gov/Healthy_Living/Be_Safe_Prevent_Sexually_Transmitted_Infections.asp
    Most STIs can be treated and cured. Some cannot be cured but can be managed by taking medicines. If you are treated for an STI, your sex partner(s) may also need to be treated to prevent you from being re-infected. […] The best way to prevent STIs is by using a barrier such as a condom or dental dam. […] Vaccines are available through VA that can help prevent you from getting certain STIs. […] Multiple medications are available to protect yourself against HIV infection. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a medication (oral medication or injection) that is highly effective at preventing HIV infection for people at risk. […] Getting tested and knowing your status is also an important part of reducing the spread of STIs. If you are at risk for one STI, you are at risk for all STIs! […] If you want to learn more about STIs or think that you may have one or have been exposed to one, you can talk with your VA health care team. They can help if you have questions about testing or treatment.
  • #80 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/symptoms-causes/syc-20351240
    Many people in the early stages of an STD have no symptoms. That’s why screening is important to prevent complications. […] There are many ways to avoid or lower your risk of getting an STD. […] Use condoms and dental dams consistently and correctly. Use a new latex or polyurethane condom or dental dam for each sex act, whether oral, vaginal or anal. […] Your health care professional will prescribe these medicines for HIV prevention only if you don’t already have HIV. You’ll need an HIV test before you start taking PrEP and then every three months as long as you’re taking it.
  • #81 Be Safe Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections – National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
    https://www.prevention.va.gov/Healthy_Living/Be_Safe_Prevent_Sexually_Transmitted_Infections.asp
    Most STIs can be treated and cured. Some cannot be cured but can be managed by taking medicines. If you are treated for an STI, your sex partner(s) may also need to be treated to prevent you from being re-infected. […] The best way to prevent STIs is by using a barrier such as a condom or dental dam. […] Vaccines are available through VA that can help prevent you from getting certain STIs. […] Multiple medications are available to protect yourself against HIV infection. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a medication (oral medication or injection) that is highly effective at preventing HIV infection for people at risk. […] Getting tested and knowing your status is also an important part of reducing the spread of STIs. If you are at risk for one STI, you are at risk for all STIs! […] If you want to learn more about STIs or think that you may have one or have been exposed to one, you can talk with your VA health care team. They can help if you have questions about testing or treatment.
  • #82 Be Safe Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections – National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
    https://www.prevention.va.gov/Healthy_Living/Be_Safe_Prevent_Sexually_Transmitted_Infections.asp
    Most STIs can be treated and cured. Some cannot be cured but can be managed by taking medicines. If you are treated for an STI, your sex partner(s) may also need to be treated to prevent you from being re-infected. […] The best way to prevent STIs is by using a barrier such as a condom or dental dam. […] Vaccines are available through VA that can help prevent you from getting certain STIs. […] Multiple medications are available to protect yourself against HIV infection. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a medication (oral medication or injection) that is highly effective at preventing HIV infection for people at risk. […] Getting tested and knowing your status is also an important part of reducing the spread of STIs. If you are at risk for one STI, you are at risk for all STIs! […] If you want to learn more about STIs or think that you may have one or have been exposed to one, you can talk with your VA health care team. They can help if you have questions about testing or treatment.
  • #83 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/symptoms-causes/syc-20351240
    Many people in the early stages of an STD have no symptoms. That’s why screening is important to prevent complications. […] There are many ways to avoid or lower your risk of getting an STD. […] Use condoms and dental dams consistently and correctly. Use a new latex or polyurethane condom or dental dam for each sex act, whether oral, vaginal or anal. […] Your health care professional will prescribe these medicines for HIV prevention only if you don’t already have HIV. You’ll need an HIV test before you start taking PrEP and then every three months as long as you’re taking it.
  • #84
    https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=405678&Journal_ID=54021&Issue_ID=405653
    Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a major health problem among adolescents. […] New sensitive and noninvasive STD tests greatly improve our ability to diagnose asymptomatic infections. […] In May 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published revised guidelines for the treatment of STDs. […] In this article, we review selected new recommendations that impact adolescent STD care. […] Nurses can be instrumental in reducing STD prevalence through screening interventions, prevention counseling, and health education.
  • #85 Nursing Care Plan and Diagnosis for Syphilis
    https://www.registerednursern.com/nursing-care-plan-and-diagnosis-for-syphilis/
    This nursing care plan is for patients who are infected with syphilis. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) transmitted by sexual contact or from mother to fetus/newborn (if the mother is infected with syphilis). […] The patient states he is afraid that he has an STD and that is why he came in to get it checked out. […] The patient will verbalize 5 ways on how to prevent acquiring sexually transmitted diseases. […] The nurse will educate the patient on how to prevent acquiring sexually transmitted diseases.
  • #86 Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Wild Iris Medical Education
    https://wildirismedicaleducation.com/blog/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-and-diseases-stds-a-growing-epidemic
    The United States is currently facing a public health crisis due to rising rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). […] Healthcare providers are required to report certain diseases to their local health department. […] According to the CDC, 20% of the U. S. population had an STI (about 68 million infections) in 2018, with nearly half occurring in adolescents and young adults ages 15-24 years. […] The terms STDs and STIs are often used interchangeably, although they have different meanings. […] Without proper medical care, STIs can result in negative health consequences, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), pelvic pain, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, poor neonatal consequences, and, in the case of HPV, cancer. […] Therefore, all clinicians should be able to recognize high-risk behaviors and signs and symptoms of STIs, provide basic STI education, deliver STI care following standard recommendations, and know when to refer patients for specialized care.
  • #87 Seniors at High Risk for Sexually Transmitted Diseases [STDs] – Home Helpers Home Care
    https://homehelpershomecare.com/clearwater/community-blog/2018/march/seniors-at-high-risk-for-sexually-transmitted-di/
    Seniors at High Risk for Sexually Transmitted Diseases [STDs] […] This is definitely a subject I’m not totally comfortable discussing, however, it must become part of a conversation among families, caregivers, and elderly loved ones. I’m talking about seniors and sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs, which is timely considering it is STD Awareness Month. […] Growing numbers of cases involving STDs plague nursing homes and assisted living communities, for a variety of reasons. […] STD transmission among the elderly is, unfortunately, a common and growing problem. […] With the evolution of the “little blue pill” for men with erectile dysfunction and hormone replacement therapies for post-menopausal women, sexual encounters among the aging is on the rise. So, too, are STDs. […] Seniors should be getting the same basic “safe sex” education as young people (learning about STDs and how to recognize the signs, how they can complicate other existing chronic medical conditions, and most importantly the importance and proper use of condoms)
  • #88 With STIs on rise among older adults, here’s what doctors can do | American Medical Association
    https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/population-care/stis-rise-among-older-adults-here-s-what-doctors-can-do
    Dont be afraid to talk with patients 65 or older about safer sex practices. Vaccination options also can help prevent STIs. […] Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for adults 65 or older have more than doubled in the U.S. in the last decade, a product of multiple factors including heightened sexual activity in senior-living facilities, low condom use and lack of knowledge about STIs. […] Rates of syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia more than doubled among those 55 or older over the past 10 years. But for those aged 65 and older, chlamydia cases more than tripled between 2010 and 2023, gonorrhea cases increased sixfold, and syphilis cases soared in numbers nearly tenfold, Dr. Fryhofer explained. […] Several factors are driving up STI rates. Older people are healthier and staying sexually active for longer, but condom use is low. Only 3% of people 60 or older had used condoms in the past year, said Dr. Fryhofer, citing a 2015 publication.
  • #89 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351246
    Diagnosis of an STD starts with your sexual history and current symptoms. If these suggest that you have an STD, your health care professional may do a physical or pelvic exam to look for signs of infection. Some signs of infection are a rash, warts or discharge. […] Lab tests can find the cause of STD symptoms. They can also find sexually transmitted infections without symptoms. […] Testing for an STD or sexually transmitted infection in someone who doesn’t have symptoms is called screening. Most of the time, STI screening is not a routine part of health care. […] But when a person’s risk for getting an STD changes, a health care professional may suggest screening. […] Experts recommend STI screening for: […] Almost everyone at least once. Guidelines suggest screening with a blood or saliva test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS, for everyone ages 15 to 65.
  • #90 Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Florida Department of Health
    https://www.floridahealth.gov/diseases-and-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases/index.html
    As part of Floridas Department of Health, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, the Sexually Transmitted Disease and Viral Hepatitis Sections mission is to reduce the number of new sexually transmissible disease (STD) infections and prevent disease related complications by promoting sexual health education, identifying diseases early, providing timely treatment, implementing partner services, and collaborating with public and private partners. […] Pregnant women and women who think they may be pregnant need to be tested for STDs and HIV (the virus that causes AIDS), as part of prenatal care. Women infected with an STD during pregnancy, left untreated, could experience serious complications, possibly even life-threatening for both mother and baby. It is important to be aware of the harmful effects of STDs and during pregnancy and it is equally important to notify sex partner(s) to be tested and treated to prevent reinfection.
  • #91 Learn About STDs in Older Adults
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/stds-the-elderly-3133189
    Sexually transmitted diseases aren’t just a problem of the young. Older people can suffer from them, too. In fact, there are several reasons why older adults may actually be in more danger from STDs than their younger counterparts, including: […] It is, therefore, essential that not only older adults, but the individuals who care for them, be educated about STD risk. Additionally, older individuals and their caregivers need to be taught about safer sex, so that they know how to reduce their risk if, and when, they choose to engage in sexual activity. […] Numerous factors have contributed to the increase in sexually transmitted diseases in older persons, and many of them stem from a single problem. Namely, clinicians and scientists don’t spend enough time thinking or talking about older individuals having sex. Not only are older adults usually overlooked in many STD studies, but they are frequently less likely to get screened for STDs than their younger counterparts. […] Screening, however, is essential. It can take a decade or more for an HPV infection to develop into the early stages of cervical cancer. Although screening guidelines vary by organization, in general even older women who are not sexually active should still be considered to be at risk.
  • #92 With STIs on rise among older adults, here’s what doctors can do | American Medical Association
    https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/population-care/stis-rise-among-older-adults-here-s-what-doctors-can-do
    Dont be afraid to talk with patients 65 or older about safer sex practices. Vaccination options also can help prevent STIs. […] Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for adults 65 or older have more than doubled in the U.S. in the last decade, a product of multiple factors including heightened sexual activity in senior-living facilities, low condom use and lack of knowledge about STIs. […] Rates of syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia more than doubled among those 55 or older over the past 10 years. But for those aged 65 and older, chlamydia cases more than tripled between 2010 and 2023, gonorrhea cases increased sixfold, and syphilis cases soared in numbers nearly tenfold, Dr. Fryhofer explained. […] Several factors are driving up STI rates. Older people are healthier and staying sexually active for longer, but condom use is low. Only 3% of people 60 or older had used condoms in the past year, said Dr. Fryhofer, citing a 2015 publication.
  • #93 With STIs on rise among older adults, here’s what doctors can do | American Medical Association
    https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/population-care/stis-rise-among-older-adults-here-s-what-doctors-can-do
    Dont be afraid to talk with patients 65 or older about safer sex practices. Vaccination options also can help prevent STIs. […] Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for adults 65 or older have more than doubled in the U.S. in the last decade, a product of multiple factors including heightened sexual activity in senior-living facilities, low condom use and lack of knowledge about STIs. […] Rates of syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia more than doubled among those 55 or older over the past 10 years. But for those aged 65 and older, chlamydia cases more than tripled between 2010 and 2023, gonorrhea cases increased sixfold, and syphilis cases soared in numbers nearly tenfold, Dr. Fryhofer explained. […] Several factors are driving up STI rates. Older people are healthier and staying sexually active for longer, but condom use is low. Only 3% of people 60 or older had used condoms in the past year, said Dr. Fryhofer, citing a 2015 publication.
  • #94 With STIs on rise among older adults, here’s what doctors can do | American Medical Association
    https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/population-care/stis-rise-among-older-adults-here-s-what-doctors-can-do
    Dont be afraid to talk with patients 65 or older about safer sex practices. Vaccination options also can help prevent STIs. […] Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for adults 65 or older have more than doubled in the U.S. in the last decade, a product of multiple factors including heightened sexual activity in senior-living facilities, low condom use and lack of knowledge about STIs. […] Rates of syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia more than doubled among those 55 or older over the past 10 years. But for those aged 65 and older, chlamydia cases more than tripled between 2010 and 2023, gonorrhea cases increased sixfold, and syphilis cases soared in numbers nearly tenfold, Dr. Fryhofer explained. […] Several factors are driving up STI rates. Older people are healthier and staying sexually active for longer, but condom use is low. Only 3% of people 60 or older had used condoms in the past year, said Dr. Fryhofer, citing a 2015 publication.
  • #95 STDs in Nursing Homes [An Overlooked Health Risk]
    https://www.nursinghomelawcenter.org/nursing-home-injuries/std/
    Older adults in nursing homes are often more sexually active than most people think. […] Unfortunately, this can lead to the spread of sexually transmitted diseases from resident to resident. […] Sexually transmitted diseases are easily spread when safe practices are not used. […] Older adults tend to care less about safe sex, especially in nursing homes. […] Lastly, older adults in nursing homes are more vulnerable to STDs because their immune systems are weaker. […] Although sexual health is important, and residents have the right to be sexually active, STDs in nursing homes must be prevented and managed. […] STD rates in nursing homes are much higher than the general population, so it is a significant issue that nursing staff must handle. […] Seniors living in nursing homes are at an increased risk of some significant STDs that they may not be physically capable of overcoming.
  • #96 STDs in Nursing Homes [An Overlooked Health Risk]
    https://www.nursinghomelawcenter.org/nursing-home-injuries/std/
    Many factors contribute to the spread of sexually transmitted diseases in skilled nursing facilities. […] STD screening is an essential process for nursing home staff. […] Prevention measures should also be prioritized, such as providing free condoms or other means of protecting people from STDs in nursing homes. […] Education is the most essential tool in safe sexual activity. […] The more educated this age group is about safe sex etiquette, the less likely there are to be STDs in nursing homes. […] All nursing home residents have the right to be protected from sexually transmitted diseases. […] Shortcomings in these areas may violate resident rights since the staff failed to protect them from diseases. […] Prevention and control measures are essential to mitigate the impact of sexual behavior among the residents.
  • #97 STDs in Nursing Homes [An Overlooked Health Risk]
    https://www.nursinghomelawcenter.org/nursing-home-injuries/std/
    The primary tool to protect seniors from these risk factors is safe sex education. […] Regular screening and testing are essential to prevent the spread of these diseases as people age. […] Safe sex etiquette can have a positive impact on the risk of STDs in nursing facilities. […] Preventing the spread of infections is a priority for nursing staff. […] Nursing homes may be liable for allowing an outbreak among this age group. […] They are tasked with caring for residents and preventing diseases that can put their health at risk, so failing to prevent the spread of an STD would be a sign of negligent practices. […] Residents and their family members should consider legal action if they suspect staff negligence caused the spread of an STD.
  • #98 Nursing Management: Sexually Transmitted Infections | Nurse Key
    https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-sexually-transmitted-infections/
    Complications are more common in women who are asymptomatic. PID, Bartholins abscess, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility are the main complications of gonorrhea in women. Neonates can develop a gonococcal infection during delivery from an infected mother. Untreated infected infants develop permanent blindness. […] Because of a short incubation period and high infectivity, treatment is generally instituted without awaiting culture results. The treatment of gonorrhea in the early stage is curative with a cephalosporin antibiotic. Treatment for gonorrhea is an intramuscular (IM) dose of ceftriaxone or cefixime orally. […] Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum, a spirochete. This bacterium is thought to enter the body through very small breaks in the skin or mucous membranes. The incubation period for syphilis ranges from 10 to 90 days. Congenital syphilis is transmitted from an infected mother to the fetus in utero after the tenth week of pregnancy. An infected pregnant woman has a high risk of a stillbirth or a baby dying shortly after birth.
  • #99
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)
    More than 1 million curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired every day worldwide in people 15-49 years old, the majority of which are asymptomatic. […] STIs have a direct impact on sexual and reproductive health through stigmatization, infertility, cancers and pregnancy complications and can increase the risk of HIV. […] STIs can have serious consequences beyond the immediate impact of the infection itself. […] STIs like herpes, gonorrhoea and syphilis can increase the risk of HIV acquisition. […] Mother-to-child transmission of STIs can result in stillbirth, neonatal death, low-birth weight and prematurity, sepsis, neonatal conjunctivitis and congenital deformities. […] STIs such as gonorrhoea and chlamydia are major causes of pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in women.
  • #100 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351246
    Diagnosis of an STD starts with your sexual history and current symptoms. If these suggest that you have an STD, your health care professional may do a physical or pelvic exam to look for signs of infection. Some signs of infection are a rash, warts or discharge. […] Lab tests can find the cause of STD symptoms. They can also find sexually transmitted infections without symptoms. […] Testing for an STD or sexually transmitted infection in someone who doesn’t have symptoms is called screening. Most of the time, STI screening is not a routine part of health care. […] But when a person’s risk for getting an STD changes, a health care professional may suggest screening. […] Experts recommend STI screening for: […] Almost everyone at least once. Guidelines suggest screening with a blood or saliva test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS, for everyone ages 15 to 65.
  • #101 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) / Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) | Main Line Health
    https://www.mainlinehealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases
    It’s easier to prevent an STD than to have to treat one later. […] Abstinence is the only absolute way to avoid getting a sexually transmitted infection. […] Vaccination helps prevent HPV and hepatitis A and B. […] Limit the number of sexual partners you have. […] Agree to be in a mutually monogamous relationship with your partner. […] Use condoms consistently and effectively. […] Don’t be afraid to find out whether or not you have a sexually transmitted infection. […] The current recommendation is that the following people be screened for STDs: Anyone age 13 to 64 be tested at least once for HIV; Sexually active women under 25 tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia each year; Women over 25 at higher risk such as multiple sex partners or partner infected with STD, tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia each year; Pregnant women tested for syphilis, HIV and hepatitis B, beginning early in pregnancy; Pregnant women who are at-risk, tested for chlamydia and gonorrhea, beginning early in pregnancy.
  • #102 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351246
    All pregnant women will generally be screened for HIV, hepatitis B, chlamydia and syphilis early in the pregnancy. […] Experts recommend that all sexually active women under age 25 be tested for chlamydia infection. […] If you’ve been treated for a chlamydia infection, you should be retested in about three months. […] Having HIV raises your risk of getting other sexually transmitted diseases. […] If you are pregnant and have an STD, getting treatment right away can prevent or lower the risk of your baby becoming infected. […] Treatment for sexually transmitted infections usually consists of one of the following, depending on the infection: […] Antibiotics, often in a single dose, can cure many STIs caused by bacteria or parasites, such as gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis. […] If tests show that you have an STD, you need to tell your sex partners. […] Official, confidential partner notification can help limit the spread of sexually transmitted infections. […] It also steers those at risk for STDs to get counseling and treatment.
  • #103 Sexually transmissible infections (STIs)
    https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/articles/a_e/about-sexually-transmissible-infections-stis
    You can prevent this from happening by having safe sex and by having an STI check, and getting treatment if needed, so your baby is born healthy. […] You can reduce the risk of getting an STI by following this advice: Have regular STI checks. […] Always use condoms or dental dams and water-based lubricant. […] Condoms are the best way to protect you both from STIs.
  • #104
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)
    Effective treatment is currently available for several STIs. […] Three bacterial (chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis) and one parasitic STIs (trichomoniasis) are generally curable with existing single-dose regimens of antibiotics. […] AMR of STIs in particular gonorrhoea has increased rapidly in recent years and has reduced treatment options. […] LMICs rely on identifying consistent, easily recognizable signs and symptoms to guide treatment, without the use of laboratory tests. […] To interrupt transmission and prevent re-infection, treating sexual partners is an important component of STI case management. […] People seeking screening and treatment for STIs face numerous problems. […] In many settings, STI services are often neglected and underfunded. […] WHO supports countries to increase accessibility of people-centred quality STI care.
  • #105 Nurse Attitudes And Care For Patients With Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Journal of Nursing. Nursing Journals : American Society of Registered Nurses
    https://www.asrn.org/journal-nursing/316-nurse-attitudes-and-care-for-patients-with-sexually-transmitted-diseases.html
    Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD), also known as Venereal disease (VD), is a disease that is transmitted primarily by sexual contact including vaginal intercourse, oral sex and anal sex. […] Nurse care for such patients is complex in the sense that such sexually transmitted infections can occur even in patients who are not actually guilty of an act that can cause a STD. […] STD nurse care and risk assessment involves sexuality and intimacy issues that can be challenging for nurses. Nurses awareness, fear and emotions do play a role in determining the comfort level of care for STD patients. […] Nurse care and risk assessment of patients with sexually transmitted diseases involves conduct of physical examinations, determination of medical and personal histories of patients and providing treatment.
  • #106
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)
    Effective treatment is currently available for several STIs. […] Three bacterial (chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis) and one parasitic STIs (trichomoniasis) are generally curable with existing single-dose regimens of antibiotics. […] AMR of STIs in particular gonorrhoea has increased rapidly in recent years and has reduced treatment options. […] LMICs rely on identifying consistent, easily recognizable signs and symptoms to guide treatment, without the use of laboratory tests. […] To interrupt transmission and prevent re-infection, treating sexual partners is an important component of STI case management. […] People seeking screening and treatment for STIs face numerous problems. […] In many settings, STI services are often neglected and underfunded. […] WHO supports countries to increase accessibility of people-centred quality STI care.
  • #107 Risks, Ethics & Sexually Transmitted Diseases | NYU Langone Health
    https://med.nyu.edu/departments-institutes/population-health/divisions-sections-centers/medical-ethics/education/high-school-bioethics-project/learning-scenarios/risks-ethics-stds
    A wide variety of ethical issues have been raised by EPT, including patient safety, informed consent, and confidentiality. […] EPT requires physicians to prescribe medications to patients they have not actually examined. Although this has the potential to treat STDs in people who are reluctant to see a doctor, EPT also has drawbacks: Ms. S.s boyfriend might have a more complex health problem requiring a physicians input and advice. […] Another problem with EPT is that the patients partner cannot provide informed consent. […] A third potential ethical problem with EPT is confidentiality. […] Chlamydia can cause lifelong complications, including chronic pain and infertility. Are confidentiality violations acceptable in cases of chlamydia and gonorrhea, but unacceptable in cases of other diseases like trichomonas that are less likely to cause long-term complications? […] The CDC and World Health Organization (WHO) do not protect confidentiality in this case because testing, safe sexual practices, and medical treatment are necessary for prevention and survival. Do you agree with the CDC and WHO?
  • #108 Nurse Attitudes And Care For Patients With Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Journal of Nursing. Nursing Journals : American Society of Registered Nurses
    https://www.asrn.org/journal-nursing/316-nurse-attitudes-and-care-for-patients-with-sexually-transmitted-diseases.html
    Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD), also known as Venereal disease (VD), is a disease that is transmitted primarily by sexual contact including vaginal intercourse, oral sex and anal sex. […] Nurse care for such patients is complex in the sense that such sexually transmitted infections can occur even in patients who are not actually guilty of an act that can cause a STD. […] STD nurse care and risk assessment involves sexuality and intimacy issues that can be challenging for nurses. Nurses awareness, fear and emotions do play a role in determining the comfort level of care for STD patients. […] Nurse care and risk assessment of patients with sexually transmitted diseases involves conduct of physical examinations, determination of medical and personal histories of patients and providing treatment.
  • #109 Nurse Attitudes And Care For Patients With Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Journal of Nursing. Nursing Journals : American Society of Registered Nurses
    https://www.asrn.org/journal-nursing/316-nurse-attitudes-and-care-for-patients-with-sexually-transmitted-diseases.html
    The STD nurse care requires a thorough knowledge of the principles, practices and techniques of nursing and their application to patient care diseases, the anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system and current trends in STD practices. […] The clinical findings are substantiated by diagnostic tests. […] STD nurse care and risk assessment involves sexuality and intimacy issues that can be challenging for nurses. Nurses awareness, fear and emotions do play a role in determining the comfort level of care for STD patients. A strong fear of acquiring sexually transmitted infections at work, especially following a needlestick injury and prior STD care experience greatly influence the attitudes of nurses towards STD patient care. Such Knowledge gaps on perceived risk of exposure, and attitudes toward STD patients must be well addressed in the nursing curriculum.
  • #110 Treating STDS
    https://www.nursingcenter.com/clinical-resources/nursing-pocket-cards/sexually-transmitted-diseases
    Nurses play an important role in educating patients on STDs, screening for disease, and providing treatment. Nurses can also help minimize the impact of social stigma by providing informed, confidential, and sensitive care, and by promoting sexual health and safe practices. As first-line providers who have frequent contact with patients and know the local communities well, nurses are in a good position to help identify, treat, and prevent STDs.
  • #111 Nurse Attitudes And Care For Patients With Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Journal of Nursing. Nursing Journals : American Society of Registered Nurses
    https://www.asrn.org/journal-nursing/316-nurse-attitudes-and-care-for-patients-with-sexually-transmitted-diseases.html
    The STD nurse care requires a thorough knowledge of the principles, practices and techniques of nursing and their application to patient care diseases, the anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system and current trends in STD practices. […] The clinical findings are substantiated by diagnostic tests. […] STD nurse care and risk assessment involves sexuality and intimacy issues that can be challenging for nurses. Nurses awareness, fear and emotions do play a role in determining the comfort level of care for STD patients. A strong fear of acquiring sexually transmitted infections at work, especially following a needlestick injury and prior STD care experience greatly influence the attitudes of nurses towards STD patient care. Such Knowledge gaps on perceived risk of exposure, and attitudes toward STD patients must be well addressed in the nursing curriculum.
  • #112 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
    https://www.unitypoint.org/find-a-service/primary-care/sexually-transmitted-infections
    We provide comprehensive, confidential and judgement-free testing and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), often referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). […] If you think you have an STD, its important to get tested. The sooner you treat an STD, the quicker you stop any spread, feel better and reduce your risk of serious disease. […] If you have been sexually active and potentially exposed to an STD and/or you have signs and symptoms of an STD, get tested as soon as possible. […] A provider will ask you about your symptoms and your medical and sexual history. Answering questions honestly will help our team get you the right care. […] After a positive STD diagnosis, a provider will give you a care plan and ask you to notify your sexual partner(s) to also get tested. Not all STIs require partner notification though. Our team will help guide you in how to notify your sexual partners, if necessary. […] CDC reports show sexually transmitted infection cases continue to rise, especially for chlamydia and gonorrhea.
  • #113 Treating STDS
    https://www.nursingcenter.com/clinical-resources/nursing-pocket-cards/sexually-transmitted-diseases
    Nurses play an important role in educating patients on STDs, screening for disease, and providing treatment. Nurses can also help minimize the impact of social stigma by providing informed, confidential, and sensitive care, and by promoting sexual health and safe practices. As first-line providers who have frequent contact with patients and know the local communities well, nurses are in a good position to help identify, treat, and prevent STDs.
  • #114
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)
    Effective treatment is currently available for several STIs. […] Three bacterial (chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis) and one parasitic STIs (trichomoniasis) are generally curable with existing single-dose regimens of antibiotics. […] AMR of STIs in particular gonorrhoea has increased rapidly in recent years and has reduced treatment options. […] LMICs rely on identifying consistent, easily recognizable signs and symptoms to guide treatment, without the use of laboratory tests. […] To interrupt transmission and prevent re-infection, treating sexual partners is an important component of STI case management. […] People seeking screening and treatment for STIs face numerous problems. […] In many settings, STI services are often neglected and underfunded. […] WHO supports countries to increase accessibility of people-centred quality STI care.
  • #115 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) | Wisconsin Department of Health Services
    https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/std/index.htm
    Wisconsin residents 18 years or older can order free and discreetly packaged test kits for HIV, syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis on Simple HealthKit’s secure web portal. […] The Wisconsin STD Program is the lead agency in Wisconsin government responsible for coordinating the states public health response to the prevention and control of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). […] Learn how to get tested and treated and what to do if you find out you have an STD. […] Find information and resources on reporting, testing, and treating STDs. […] Chlamydia is the most commonly reported STD in Wisconsin. […] Gonorrhea is the second most commonly reported STD in the state. […] Syphilis can have serious consequences if not treated properly. […] Pelvic inflammatory disease includes infections of the upper female genital and reproductive organs. […] Bacteria have learned to resist the effects of the drugs used to treat Gonorrhea. […] Chancroid is a highly contagious yet curable STD.
  • #116
  • #117 Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Wild Iris Medical Education
    https://wildirismedicaleducation.com/blog/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-and-diseases-stds-a-growing-epidemic
    The United States is currently facing a public health crisis due to rising rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). […] Healthcare providers are required to report certain diseases to their local health department. […] According to the CDC, 20% of the U. S. population had an STI (about 68 million infections) in 2018, with nearly half occurring in adolescents and young adults ages 15-24 years. […] The terms STDs and STIs are often used interchangeably, although they have different meanings. […] Without proper medical care, STIs can result in negative health consequences, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), pelvic pain, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, poor neonatal consequences, and, in the case of HPV, cancer. […] Therefore, all clinicians should be able to recognize high-risk behaviors and signs and symptoms of STIs, provide basic STI education, deliver STI care following standard recommendations, and know when to refer patients for specialized care.
  • #118 Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Wild Iris Medical Education
    https://wildirismedicaleducation.com/blog/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-and-diseases-stds-a-growing-epidemic
    Patients with early syphilis (i.e., primary, secondary, or early latent syphilis) are contagious. […] The COVID pandemic has impacted prevention, detection, and treatment of STIs, in particular, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, which were themselves already at epidemic levels. […] The STI National Strategic Plan was developed in response to a recent precipitous rise in STIs and focuses on the four STIs that most significantly affect the health of Americans: syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and HPV.
  • #119 Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Wild Iris Medical Education
    https://wildirismedicaleducation.com/blog/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-and-diseases-stds-a-growing-epidemic
    Patients with early syphilis (i.e., primary, secondary, or early latent syphilis) are contagious. […] The COVID pandemic has impacted prevention, detection, and treatment of STIs, in particular, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, which were themselves already at epidemic levels. […] The STI National Strategic Plan was developed in response to a recent precipitous rise in STIs and focuses on the four STIs that most significantly affect the health of Americans: syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and HPV.
  • #120 Sexually Transmitted Infections – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560808/
    Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), previously known as sexually transmitted diseases, involve the transmission of an organism between sexual partners through different routes of sexual contact, either oral, anal, or vaginal. STIs affect all people and can be prevented with proper education and barrier control. The most common STIs include both curable (gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, trichomonas) and treatable (herpes viruses, human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus) conditions. Early screening and recognition of STIs are key to preventing disease spread, morbidity, and mortality. These infections are more frequently underrecognized and have a higher incidence in medically underserved populations. […] Participants in this course gain comprehensive knowledge of STI evaluation and management, including diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities, and preventive measures. Collaborating with an interprofessional team comprising healthcare professionals such as physicians, nurses, counselors, and public health specialists enhances patient outcomes by facilitating holistic care delivery.
  • #121 Sexually Transmitted Infections – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560808/
    The physical exam should be guided by the presenting chief complaint and symptoms collected in the review of systems. […] The clinician’s role is to effectively communicate with the patient who presents with signs and symptoms suggestive of a previously undiagnosed sexually transmitted infection. […] Healthcare professionals’ roles are to help, treat, and educate patients about their illnesses and promote and suggest healthy behaviors that minimize re-infections. […] Screening and evaluation recommendations are included in a detailed presentation in the CDC’s „Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines 2021.” […] The information provided is extrapolated from the guidelines and should be used at the physician’s discretion in conjunction with the patient. […] The prognosis depends on the diagnosis of the specific disease, its extent and severity at the time of initial presentation, the general health and comorbidities of the patient, and their willingness to comply with necessary treatment, follow-up, and preventive measures. […] The key to managing sexually transmitted infections is to have an open dialogue with the patient regarding their sexual history, current practices, risk factors, and follow-up. Establishing a good relationship creates a neutral environment and optimizes the treatment course.
  • #122 Sexually Transmitted Infections – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560808/
    The physical exam should be guided by the presenting chief complaint and symptoms collected in the review of systems. […] The clinician’s role is to effectively communicate with the patient who presents with signs and symptoms suggestive of a previously undiagnosed sexually transmitted infection. […] Healthcare professionals’ roles are to help, treat, and educate patients about their illnesses and promote and suggest healthy behaviors that minimize re-infections. […] Screening and evaluation recommendations are included in a detailed presentation in the CDC’s „Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines 2021.” […] The information provided is extrapolated from the guidelines and should be used at the physician’s discretion in conjunction with the patient. […] The prognosis depends on the diagnosis of the specific disease, its extent and severity at the time of initial presentation, the general health and comorbidities of the patient, and their willingness to comply with necessary treatment, follow-up, and preventive measures. […] The key to managing sexually transmitted infections is to have an open dialogue with the patient regarding their sexual history, current practices, risk factors, and follow-up. Establishing a good relationship creates a neutral environment and optimizes the treatment course.
  • #123 Treating STDS
    https://www.nursingcenter.com/clinical-resources/nursing-pocket-cards/sexually-transmitted-diseases
    Nurses play an important role in educating patients on STDs, screening for disease, and providing treatment. Nurses can also help minimize the impact of social stigma by providing informed, confidential, and sensitive care, and by promoting sexual health and safe practices. As first-line providers who have frequent contact with patients and know the local communities well, nurses are in a good position to help identify, treat, and prevent STDs.
  • #124 Nursing Management: Sexually Transmitted Infections | Nurse Key
    https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-sexually-transmitted-infections/
    Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infectious diseases that are commonly acquired through sexual contact. STI is becoming the more common term used for sexually transmitted disease. […] Most infections start as lesions on the genitalia and other sexually exposed mucous membranes. Wide dissemination to other areas of the body can then occur. A latent or subclinical phase is present with all STIs. This can lead to a long-term persistent infection and the transmission of disease from an asymptomatic (but infected) person to another person. Having one STI increases the risk of acquiring another. A person can have different STIs at the same time. […] In the United States all cases of gonorrhea and syphilis, and in most states chlamydial infection, must be reported to the state or local public health authorities for purposes of surveillance and partner notification. An estimated 65 million Americans are currently infected with one or more STI. Every year an additional 19 million Americans are newly infected with an STI. About 50% of these new cases are in persons 15 to 24 years old.
  • #125 Nursing Management: Sexually Transmitted Infections | Nurse Key
    https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-sexually-transmitted-infections/
    Many factors contribute to the current STI rates. Earlier reproductive maturity and increased longevity have resulted in a longer sexual life span. The increase in the total population has resulted in an increase in the number of susceptible hosts. Other factors include greater sexual freedom, lack of barrier methods (e.g., condoms) during sexual activity, and the media’s increased emphasis on sexuality. Substance abuse contributes to unsafe sexual practices. […] The condom is considered to be the best form of protection (other than abstinence) against STIs. Although condom use has increased, condoms are still not used frequently in the general population. Commonly used oral contraceptives cause the secretions of the cervix and the vagina to become more alkaline. This change produces a more favorable environment for the growth of organisms that cause STIs at these sites. Women who take oral contraceptives may have a lower risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) as a result of the ability of the cervical mucus to act as a barrier against bacteria. However, the proliferation of Chlamydia organisms, the leading cause of nongonococcal PID, may be enhanced by oral contraceptive use.
  • #126 Nursing Process: The Patient With a Sexually Transmitted Disease
    https://www.brainkart.com/article/Nursing-Process–The-Patient-With-a-Sexually-Transmitted-Disease_32634/
    STDs may lead to PID and, with it, increased risk for ectopic pregnancy and infertility. […] All STDs can be transmitted to infants in utero or at the time of birth. […] STDs can cause disseminated infection. […] HIV, which is primarily spread as an STD, leads to the profound immunosuppression of AIDS. […] Expected patient outcomes may include the following: 1) Acquires knowledge and understanding of STDs. […] 2) Demonstrates a less anxious demeanor. […] 3) Complies with treatment. […] 4) Absence of complications.
  • #127 Treating STDS
    https://www.nursingcenter.com/clinical-resources/nursing-pocket-cards/sexually-transmitted-diseases
    Nurses play an important role in educating patients on STDs, screening for disease, and providing treatment. Nurses can also help minimize the impact of social stigma by providing informed, confidential, and sensitive care, and by promoting sexual health and safe practices. As first-line providers who have frequent contact with patients and know the local communities well, nurses are in a good position to help identify, treat, and prevent STDs.