Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Acromegaly – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acromegaly/symptoms-causes/syc-20351222

  Acromegaly is a rare condition in adults that causes some bones, organs and other tissue to grow bigger. A small gland in the brain called the pituitary gland drives these changes by making too much growth hormone. This usually happens due to a tumor of the pituitary gland. The tumor isn’t cancer. […] The most common cause of acromegaly is a tumor in the pituitary gland. The tumor is called an adenoma. It isn’t cancer. But it makes too much growth hormone over a long amount of time. […] Rarely, tumors in other parts of the body cause acromegaly. These include tumors of the lung or pancreas. Sometimes these tumors release growth hormone. Or they make a hormone called growth hormone-releasing hormone. This signals the pituitary gland to make more growth hormone. […] The pituitary gland releases growth hormone into the bloodstream. This triggers the liver to make a hormone called insulin-like growth factor-1, also called IGF-1. IGF-1 is really what causes bones and other tissues to grow. Too much growth hormone leads to too much IGF-1. And that can cause acromegaly symptoms and complications.

• #2 Acromegaly: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17743-acromegaly

  Acromegaly is a rare but serious medical condition that happens when you have too much growth hormone in your body. […] The most common cause of acromegaly is a tumor in your pituitary gland called a pituitary adenoma that causes your pituitary gland to release excess growth hormone (GH). […] Pituitary adenomas (tumors) are almost always benign (noncancerous). […] If you have too much GH in your body as an adult, it can result in irregularly-shaped bones, increased organ size, elevated blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) and other symptoms. […] Acromegaly can develop at any age after puberty, but healthcare providers most often diagnose it during the fourth and fifth decades of life (middle age). […] Acromegaly is rare. Approximately 3 to 14 of every 100,000 people have been diagnosed with acromegaly.

• #3 Acromegaly: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17743-acromegaly

  Acromegaly is a rare but serious medical condition that happens when you have too much growth hormone in your body. […] The most common cause of acromegaly is a tumor in your pituitary gland called a pituitary adenoma that causes your pituitary gland to release excess growth hormone (GH). […] Pituitary adenomas (tumors) are almost always benign (noncancerous). […] If you have too much GH in your body as an adult, it can result in irregularly-shaped bones, increased organ size, elevated blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) and other symptoms. […] Acromegaly can develop at any age after puberty, but healthcare providers most often diagnose it during the fourth and fifth decades of life (middle age). […] Acromegaly is rare. Approximately 3 to 14 of every 100,000 people have been diagnosed with acromegaly.

• #4 Acromegaly – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acromegaly/symptoms-causes/syc-20351222

  Acromegaly is a rare condition in adults that causes some bones, organs and other tissue to grow bigger. A small gland in the brain called the pituitary gland drives these changes by making too much growth hormone. This usually happens due to a tumor of the pituitary gland. The tumor isn’t cancer. […] The most common cause of acromegaly is a tumor in the pituitary gland. The tumor is called an adenoma. It isn’t cancer. But it makes too much growth hormone over a long amount of time. […] Rarely, tumors in other parts of the body cause acromegaly. These include tumors of the lung or pancreas. Sometimes these tumors release growth hormone. Or they make a hormone called growth hormone-releasing hormone. This signals the pituitary gland to make more growth hormone. […] The pituitary gland releases growth hormone into the bloodstream. This triggers the liver to make a hormone called insulin-like growth factor-1, also called IGF-1. IGF-1 is really what causes bones and other tissues to grow. Too much growth hormone leads to too much IGF-1. And that can cause acromegaly symptoms and complications.

• #5 Acromegaly – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431086/

  Acromegaly is a disorder caused by excessive growth hormone production from the anterior pituitary gland, resulting in excessive growth of body tissues and other metabolic dysfunctions. The causes of acromegaly can be divided into primary GH excess, ectopic or iatrogenic GH excess, and excess growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). […] Acromegaly is most commonly caused by a somatotroph GH-secreting adenoma of the anterior pituitary gland. The most commonly associated mutation involves activating the alpha subunit of the guanine nucleotide stimulatory protein gene. […] Other causes of primary GH excess include pituitary adenomas that secrete multiple hormones and GH-cell carcinomas. Important familial syndromes associated with acromegaly include Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, familial acromegaly, McCune-Albright syndrome, and Carney complex.

• #6 Acromegaly – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acromegaly

  Acromegaly is a disorder that results in excess growth of certain parts of the human body. It is caused by excess growth hormone (GH) after the growth plates have closed. […] About 98% of cases of acromegaly are due to the overproduction of growth hormone by a benign tumor of the pituitary gland called an adenoma. These tumors produce excessive growth hormone and compress surrounding brain tissues as they grow larger. […] In a few people, acromegaly is caused not by pituitary tumors, but by tumors of the pancreas, lungs, and adrenal glands. These tumors also lead to an excess of GH, either because they produce GH themselves or, more frequently, because they produce GHRH (growth hormone-releasing hormone), the hormone that stimulates the pituitary to make GH.

• #7 Acromegaly Diagnosis, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/acromegaly/article_em.htm

  Acromegaly is a serious condition that occurs when the body produces too much of the hormones that control growth. […] When there is too much growth hormone in the body, these tissues grow larger than normal. This excessive growth can cause serious disease and even premature death. […] In most cases of acromegaly, the excess growth hormone is produced by a tumor of the pituitary gland called adenoma. […] Secretion of growth hormone by a pituitary tumor is not controlled by the feedback loop. The end result is an excess of IGF-1, which causes abnormal tissue growth. […] Many adenomas are caused by a genetic defect, but we do not know what causes the defect. These tumors do not seem to run in families. […] The remaining cases of acromegaly are caused by other types of tumors that secrete growth hormone or GHRH. […] Acromegaly caused by excess growth hormone and acromegaly caused by excess GHRH have the same signs and symptoms.

• #8 Acromegaly | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/acromegaly

  Acromegaly is a rare condition in adults that causes some bones, organs and other tissue to grow bigger. A small gland in the brain called the pituitary gland drives these changes by making too much growth hormone. This usually happens due to a tumor of the pituitary gland. The most common cause of acromegaly is a tumor in the pituitary gland. The tumor is called an adenoma. It isn’t cancer. But it makes too much growth hormone over a long amount of time. Rarely, tumors in other parts of the body cause acromegaly. These include tumors of the lung or pancreas. Sometimes these tumors release growth hormone. Or they make a hormone called growth hormone-releasing hormone. This signals the pituitary gland to make more growth hormone. Too much growth hormone causes many symptoms of acromegaly. Some of the symptoms, such as headaches and impaired vision, are due to the tumor pressing on nearby brain tissues.

• #9 Acromegaly | Skull Base Surgery | Stanford Otolaryngology — Head & Neck Surgery | Stanford Medicine

  https://med.stanford.edu/skullbasesurgery/conditions-we-treat/acromegaly.html

  Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder in which the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone. […] The excess production of growth hormone usually is caused by a tumor of the pituitary gland. […] In most cases of acromegaly, a pituitary macroadenoma (greater than 10 mm) is found. Often, adenomas causing Acromegaly are large and invasive representing a real challenge for treatment. […] For residual or active disease following surgery, the options include medical therapy or radiation therapy. […] A growth hormone receptor antagonist, pegvisomant, is a novel approach to acromegaly treatment by blocking all peripheral effects of GH, resulting in decreased production of IGF-1, both locally and at the liver. […] Radiation therapy for acromegaly is usually reserved for patients who have tumor remaining after surgery.

• #10 Acromegaly – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acromegaly/symptoms-causes/syc-20351222

  Acromegaly is a rare condition in adults that causes some bones, organs and other tissue to grow bigger. A small gland in the brain called the pituitary gland drives these changes by making too much growth hormone. This usually happens due to a tumor of the pituitary gland. The tumor isn’t cancer. […] The most common cause of acromegaly is a tumor in the pituitary gland. The tumor is called an adenoma. It isn’t cancer. But it makes too much growth hormone over a long amount of time. […] Rarely, tumors in other parts of the body cause acromegaly. These include tumors of the lung or pancreas. Sometimes these tumors release growth hormone. Or they make a hormone called growth hormone-releasing hormone. This signals the pituitary gland to make more growth hormone. […] The pituitary gland releases growth hormone into the bloodstream. This triggers the liver to make a hormone called insulin-like growth factor-1, also called IGF-1. IGF-1 is really what causes bones and other tissues to grow. Too much growth hormone leads to too much IGF-1. And that can cause acromegaly symptoms and complications.

• #11 Acromegaly – Pituitary Foundation

  https://www.pituitary.org.uk/information/acromegaly/

  Acromegaly is caused by a benign (non-cancerous) tumour of the pituitary gland called an adenoma which causes the pituitary to produce too much Growth Hormone (GH). […] Secretion of GH by the pituitary into the bloodstream stimulates the liver to produce another hormone called Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 causes tissue growth in the body. […] If acromegaly develops before you have stopped growing (which usually occurs between the ages of 15 to 17) it can cause gigantism, where people are very tall, because GH promotes growth of legs and arms.

• #12 Acromegaly Diagnosis, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/acromegaly/article_em.htm

  Acromegaly is a serious condition that occurs when the body produces too much of the hormones that control growth. […] When there is too much growth hormone in the body, these tissues grow larger than normal. This excessive growth can cause serious disease and even premature death. […] In most cases of acromegaly, the excess growth hormone is produced by a tumor of the pituitary gland called adenoma. […] Secretion of growth hormone by a pituitary tumor is not controlled by the feedback loop. The end result is an excess of IGF-1, which causes abnormal tissue growth. […] Many adenomas are caused by a genetic defect, but we do not know what causes the defect. These tumors do not seem to run in families. […] The remaining cases of acromegaly are caused by other types of tumors that secrete growth hormone or GHRH. […] Acromegaly caused by excess growth hormone and acromegaly caused by excess GHRH have the same signs and symptoms.

• #13 Causes and clinical manifestations of acromegaly – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-and-clinical-manifestations-of-acromegaly

  Causes and clinical manifestations of acromegaly […] The most common cause of acromegaly is a somatotroph (growth hormone [GH]-secreting) adenoma of the anterior pituitary. These adenomas account for approximately one-third of all hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas […] An activating mutation of the alpha subunit of the guanine nucleotide stimulatory protein (Gs-alpha) gene is found in approximately 40 percent of somatotroph adenomas. These mutations result in constitutive activation of adenylyl cyclase, which may play a role in both somatotroph adenoma cell division as well as excessive GH secretion.

• #14 Causes and clinical manifestations of acromegaly – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-and-clinical-manifestations-of-acromegaly/print

  Causes and clinical features of acromegaly will be reviewed here. […] The most common cause of acromegaly is a somatotroph (growth hormone [GH]-secreting) adenoma of the anterior pituitary. […] An activating mutation of the alpha subunit of the guanine nucleotide stimulatory protein (Gs-alpha) gene is found in approximately 40 percent of somatotroph adenomas. […] These mutations result in constitutive activation of adenylyl cyclase, which may play a role in both somatotroph adenoma cell division as well as excessive GH secretion.

• #15 Acromegaly | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/acromegaly?lang=us

  Acromegaly is the result of excessive growth hormone production in skeletally mature patients, most commonly from a pituitary adenoma. […] Approximately 95% of cases are the result of a pituitary adenoma. The remaining 5% of cases are the result of other tumors of the pancreas, lungs, or adrenal glands that release growth hormone. A very small number of cases result from the excessive use of exogenous growth hormone in athletes. […] In 2011 an AIP (aryl hydrocarbon-interacting protein gene) mutation was linked to acromegalic gigantism, found when studying four Irish families who displayed acromegalic and gigantism traits, known as childhood-onset acromegaly (i.e. when a child has gigantism which progresses through adulthood to acromegaly).

• #16 Acromegaly – ThinkGenetic Foundation

  https://thinkgenetic.org/diseases/acromegaly/

  Current data suggests that most cases of isolated acromegaly are not due to an underlying hereditary (genetic) cause that gets passed through a family. However, when acromegaly begins in childhood or adolescence the gene aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein, AIP, is thought to be a susceptibility factor. […] In some individuals with acromegaly an AIP gene change is found that causes that person to be at increased risk to develop a tumor.

• #17 Gigantism and Acromegaly: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/925446-overview

  Gigantism refers to abnormally high linear growth due to excessive action of insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) while the epiphyseal growth plates are open during childhood. Acromegaly is the same disorder of IGF-I excess but occurs after the growth plate cartilage fuses in adulthood. […] Researchers have identified a gene on the X chromosome, GPR101, which was overexpressed 1000-fold more than normal in a genetic study of 43 patients affected by sporadic or inherited gigantism that manifested during childhood or adolescence. […] A retrospective review of 208 cases of gigantism internationally established a genetic etiology in 46% of the cases; 29% had aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) gene mutations or deletions, and 10% had X-linked acro-gigantism (X-LAG) due to chromosome Xq26.3 microduplications on the GPR101 gene.

• #18 Gigantism and Acromegaly: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/925446-overview

  Gigantism refers to abnormally high linear growth due to excessive action of insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) while the epiphyseal growth plates are open during childhood. Acromegaly is the same disorder of IGF-I excess but occurs after the growth plate cartilage fuses in adulthood. […] Researchers have identified a gene on the X chromosome, GPR101, which was overexpressed 1000-fold more than normal in a genetic study of 43 patients affected by sporadic or inherited gigantism that manifested during childhood or adolescence. […] A retrospective review of 208 cases of gigantism internationally established a genetic etiology in 46% of the cases; 29% had aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) gene mutations or deletions, and 10% had X-linked acro-gigantism (X-LAG) due to chromosome Xq26.3 microduplications on the GPR101 gene.

• #19 The Clinicopathological Spectrum of Acromegaly

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/11/1962

  While most cases are sporadic, there are several familial syndromes, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and 4 (MEN4), familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) and Carney complex, as well as the sporadic germline mosaic disorder McCune-Albright disease, that predispose to pituitary hyperplasia and neoplasia, causing acromegaly or gigantism. […] A rare genetic syndrome, X-linked acrogigantism (X-LAG), has also been recently implicated in early onset childhood gigantism. […] Pituitary tumors that cause GH excess have several variants, including pure somatotroph tumors that can be densely-granulated or sparsely granulated, or plurihormonal tumors that include mammosomatotroph, mixed somatotroph-lactotroph tumors and mature plurihomonal Pit1-lineage tumors, as well as the rare acidophil stem cell tumors and poorly-differentiated Pit1-lineage tumors.

• #20 Acromegaly – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431086/

  Acromegaly is a disorder caused by excessive growth hormone production from the anterior pituitary gland, resulting in excessive growth of body tissues and other metabolic dysfunctions. The causes of acromegaly can be divided into primary GH excess, ectopic or iatrogenic GH excess, and excess growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). […] Acromegaly is most commonly caused by a somatotroph GH-secreting adenoma of the anterior pituitary gland. The most commonly associated mutation involves activating the alpha subunit of the guanine nucleotide stimulatory protein gene. […] Other causes of primary GH excess include pituitary adenomas that secrete multiple hormones and GH-cell carcinomas. Important familial syndromes associated with acromegaly include Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, familial acromegaly, McCune-Albright syndrome, and Carney complex.

• #21 Gigantism and Acromegaly: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/925446-overview

  More than 95% of acromegaly cases are caused by a pituitary adenoma that secretes excess amounts of GH. […] Ectopic production of GH and GHRH by malignant tumors accounts for another cause of IGF-I excess. […] Causes of excess IGF-I action can be divided into the following three categories: Release of primary GH excess from the pituitary, Increased GHRH secretion or hypothalamic dysregulation, Hypothetically, the excessive production of IGF-binding protein, which prolongs the half-life of circulating IGF-I. […] By far, most people with gigantism or acromegaly have GH-secreting pituitary adenomas or hyperplasia. […] Although gigantism is typically an isolated disorder, rare cases occur as a feature of other conditions, such as Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type I, McCune-Albright syndrome, Neurofibromatosis, Tuberous sclerosis, Carney complex.

• #22 Gigantism: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22954-gigantism

  Gigantism occurs when a tumor on a pituitary gland produces high levels of growth hormone, causing a child to grow very tall. […] It’s caused by a tumor (macroadenoma) on their pituitary gland. […] The most common cause of gigantism is a benign (noncancerous) tumor on your child’s pituitary gland (a pituitary adenoma) that releases excess growth hormone (GH). […] Many children with gigantism have a genetic mutation that causes the pituitary tumor to form. […] The most common genetic mutations associated with gigantism are AIP gene mutations or deletions, making up approximately 29% of the population of people with gigantism. […] Gigantism can occur as a part of several rare genetic disorders that lead to an increased risk of developing GH-secreting pituitary tumors, including: Carney complex, McCune-Albright syndrome, Multiple endocrine neoplasias (MEN) type 1 or type 4, Neurofibromatosis, Familial isolated pituitary adenomas (FIPA).

• #23 Acromegaly Causes | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/acromegaly/types/causes

  Acromegaly is a rare hormonal disorder that results from the excessive production of growth hormone by the pituitary gland. […] The most common cause of acromegaly is a non-cancerous (benign) tumor on the pituitary gland, known as a pituitary adenoma. A pituitary adenoma can trigger the pituitary gland to produce excess growth hormone, leading to abnormal growth of the tissues of the body. […] In more rare cases, a tumor outside of the pituitary gland, such as in the pancreas, lungs, or adrenal glands, can result in an excessive amount of growth hormone-releasing hormone, which stimulates the pituitary gland to produce more growth hormone. […] Very rarely, acromegaly can manifest as a part of another genetic disorder. One such disorder is Carney complex. […] This rare genetic disorder causes the formation of multiple benign tumors, including pituitary adenomas, that can lead to acromegaly.

• #24 Gigantism and Acromegaly: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/925446-overview

  More than 95% of acromegaly cases are caused by a pituitary adenoma that secretes excess amounts of GH. […] Ectopic production of GH and GHRH by malignant tumors accounts for another cause of IGF-I excess. […] Causes of excess IGF-I action can be divided into the following three categories: Release of primary GH excess from the pituitary, Increased GHRH secretion or hypothalamic dysregulation, Hypothetically, the excessive production of IGF-binding protein, which prolongs the half-life of circulating IGF-I. […] By far, most people with gigantism or acromegaly have GH-secreting pituitary adenomas or hyperplasia. […] Although gigantism is typically an isolated disorder, rare cases occur as a feature of other conditions, such as Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type I, McCune-Albright syndrome, Neurofibromatosis, Tuberous sclerosis, Carney complex.

• #25 The Clinicopathological Spectrum of Acromegaly

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/11/1962

  While most cases are sporadic, there are several familial syndromes, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and 4 (MEN4), familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) and Carney complex, as well as the sporadic germline mosaic disorder McCune-Albright disease, that predispose to pituitary hyperplasia and neoplasia, causing acromegaly or gigantism. […] A rare genetic syndrome, X-linked acrogigantism (X-LAG), has also been recently implicated in early onset childhood gigantism. […] Pituitary tumors that cause GH excess have several variants, including pure somatotroph tumors that can be densely-granulated or sparsely granulated, or plurihormonal tumors that include mammosomatotroph, mixed somatotroph-lactotroph tumors and mature plurihomonal Pit1-lineage tumors, as well as the rare acidophil stem cell tumors and poorly-differentiated Pit1-lineage tumors.

• #26 Gigantism and Acromegaly: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/925446-overview

  More than 95% of acromegaly cases are caused by a pituitary adenoma that secretes excess amounts of GH. […] Ectopic production of GH and GHRH by malignant tumors accounts for another cause of IGF-I excess. […] Causes of excess IGF-I action can be divided into the following three categories: Release of primary GH excess from the pituitary, Increased GHRH secretion or hypothalamic dysregulation, Hypothetically, the excessive production of IGF-binding protein, which prolongs the half-life of circulating IGF-I. […] By far, most people with gigantism or acromegaly have GH-secreting pituitary adenomas or hyperplasia. […] Although gigantism is typically an isolated disorder, rare cases occur as a feature of other conditions, such as Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type I, McCune-Albright syndrome, Neurofibromatosis, Tuberous sclerosis, Carney complex.

• #27 Gigantism and Acromegaly: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/925446-overview

  More than 95% of acromegaly cases are caused by a pituitary adenoma that secretes excess amounts of GH. […] Ectopic production of GH and GHRH by malignant tumors accounts for another cause of IGF-I excess. […] Causes of excess IGF-I action can be divided into the following three categories: Release of primary GH excess from the pituitary, Increased GHRH secretion or hypothalamic dysregulation, Hypothetically, the excessive production of IGF-binding protein, which prolongs the half-life of circulating IGF-I. […] By far, most people with gigantism or acromegaly have GH-secreting pituitary adenomas or hyperplasia. […] Although gigantism is typically an isolated disorder, rare cases occur as a feature of other conditions, such as Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type I, McCune-Albright syndrome, Neurofibromatosis, Tuberous sclerosis, Carney complex.

• #28 Gigantism and Acromegaly: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/925446-overview

  More than 95% of acromegaly cases are caused by a pituitary adenoma that secretes excess amounts of GH. […] Ectopic production of GH and GHRH by malignant tumors accounts for another cause of IGF-I excess. […] Causes of excess IGF-I action can be divided into the following three categories: Release of primary GH excess from the pituitary, Increased GHRH secretion or hypothalamic dysregulation, Hypothetically, the excessive production of IGF-binding protein, which prolongs the half-life of circulating IGF-I. […] By far, most people with gigantism or acromegaly have GH-secreting pituitary adenomas or hyperplasia. […] Although gigantism is typically an isolated disorder, rare cases occur as a feature of other conditions, such as Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type I, McCune-Albright syndrome, Neurofibromatosis, Tuberous sclerosis, Carney complex.

• #29 Acromegaly – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acromegaly/symptoms-causes/syc-20351222

  Acromegaly is a rare condition in adults that causes some bones, organs and other tissue to grow bigger. A small gland in the brain called the pituitary gland drives these changes by making too much growth hormone. This usually happens due to a tumor of the pituitary gland. The tumor isn’t cancer. […] The most common cause of acromegaly is a tumor in the pituitary gland. The tumor is called an adenoma. It isn’t cancer. But it makes too much growth hormone over a long amount of time. […] Rarely, tumors in other parts of the body cause acromegaly. These include tumors of the lung or pancreas. Sometimes these tumors release growth hormone. Or they make a hormone called growth hormone-releasing hormone. This signals the pituitary gland to make more growth hormone. […] The pituitary gland releases growth hormone into the bloodstream. This triggers the liver to make a hormone called insulin-like growth factor-1, also called IGF-1. IGF-1 is really what causes bones and other tissues to grow. Too much growth hormone leads to too much IGF-1. And that can cause acromegaly symptoms and complications.

• #30 Acromegaly – ThinkGenetic Foundation

  https://thinkgenetic.org/diseases/acromegaly/

  Acromegaly is caused when the pituitary gland in the brain produces too much growth hormone (GH). […] The vast majority are due to a non-cancerous tumor that grows in the pituitary gland of the brain. This tumor causes the pituitary gland to produce too much growth hormone (GH). The high amounts of GH cause the body to release a second hormone called insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). The IGF-I causes the excess tissue growth in the body and therefore enlargement of hands, foot, etc. […] Less commonly (less than 5%), acromegaly is not caused by a pituitary tumor. Instead it is caused by a tumor in the lung, pancreas or other area of the brain. Usually, these tumors produce too much growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). In turn, this hormone triggers the pituitary gland to release GH.

• #31 Acromegaly – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431086/

  GH excess can also be ectopic and produced by other tumors such as lymphoma and pancreatic-islet cell tumors. GH excess can also be iatrogenic, resulting from excessive GH administration. […] Rarer causes of acromegaly are related to GHRH excess. These can be further divided into central and peripheral causes. Central causes include hypothalamic hamartomas, choristoma, and ganglioneuroma. Peripheral causes include secretion of GHRH by bronchial carcinoid tumors, small cell lung cancer, adrenal adenoma, and even production by some medullary thyroid cancer or pheochromocytoma has been described.

• #32 Acromegaly | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17116

  Rarer causes of acromegaly are related to GHRH excess. These can be further divided into central and peripheral causes. Central causes include hypothalamic hamartomas, choristoma, and ganglioneuroma. Peripheral causes include secretion of GHRH by bronchial carcinoid tumors, small cell lung cancer, adrenal adenoma, and even production by some medullary thyroid cancer or pheochromocytoma has been described.

• #33 The Clinicopathological Spectrum of Acromegaly

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/11/1962

  Acromegaly results from a persistent excess in growth hormone with clinical features that may be subtle or severe. The most common cause of acromegaly is a pituitary tumor that causes excessive production of growth hormone (GH), and rare cases are due to an excess of the GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) or the ectopic production of GH. […] The most common cause of acromegaly is a pituitary tumor that causes excessive production of GH. Ectopic production of GH is exceptionally uncommon; rare cases of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor or lymphoma have been reported as an extrapituitary source of GH excess. […] In contrast, excess production of the GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) is an unusual but well documented cause of acromegaly, and may be associated with neuroendocrine tumors of lung, pancreas, thyroid (medullary thyroid cancer) or pheochromocytomas, as well as hypothalamic gangliocytomas.

• #34 Acromegaly – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431086/

  GH excess can also be ectopic and produced by other tumors such as lymphoma and pancreatic-islet cell tumors. GH excess can also be iatrogenic, resulting from excessive GH administration. […] Rarer causes of acromegaly are related to GHRH excess. These can be further divided into central and peripheral causes. Central causes include hypothalamic hamartomas, choristoma, and ganglioneuroma. Peripheral causes include secretion of GHRH by bronchial carcinoid tumors, small cell lung cancer, adrenal adenoma, and even production by some medullary thyroid cancer or pheochromocytoma has been described.

• #35 Etiology of Acromegaly: Unraveling the Underlying Causes of Growth Hormone Excess – DoveMed

  https://www.dovemed.com/health-topics/focused-health-topics/etiology-acromegaly-unraveling-underlying-causes-growth-hormone-excess

  Rarely, ectopic production of GHRH by tumors outside the pituitary gland stimulates GH secretion, leading to acromegaly. […] Co-secretion of GH and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) by thyrotroph adenomas may manifest as acromegaly with concomitant hyperthyroidism. […] Non-pituitary tumors, such as small cell lung carcinoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, can produce GH-releasing factors or GH directly, resulting in acromegaly. […] Rare hypothalamic disorders characterized by excessive secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) can lead to acromegaly via stimulation of somatotroph cells. […] This rare genetic disorder characterized by somatic mutations in the GNAS gene can manifest with GH excess and features of acromegaly. […] Exposure to cranial radiation therapy for conditions such as pituitary adenomas or brain tumors may predispose individuals to develop GH-secreting adenomas later in life.

• #36 Acromegaly – Zero To Finals

  https://zerotofinals.com/medicine/endocrinology/acromegaly/

  Acromegaly is the result of excessive growth hormone (GH). […] The most common cause of unregulated growth hormone secretion is a pituitary adenoma. […] Very rarely, acromegaly can also be secondary to cancer, such as lung or pancreatic cancer, with a tumour that secretes ectopic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) or growth hormone (GH). This is a paraneoplastic syndrome, meaning that it occurs alongside (para-) the neoplasm (tumour). […] Trans-sphenoidal surgery, through the nose and sphenoid bone, to remove the pituitary tumour is the definitive treatment of acromegaly secondary to pituitary adenomas. Where acromegaly is caused by ectopic hormones from pancreatic or lung cancer, treatment ideally involves surgical removal of these tumours.

• #37 Acromegaly | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17116

  Rarer causes of acromegaly are related to GHRH excess. These can be further divided into central and peripheral causes. Central causes include hypothalamic hamartomas, choristoma, and ganglioneuroma. Peripheral causes include secretion of GHRH by bronchial carcinoid tumors, small cell lung cancer, adrenal adenoma, and even production by some medullary thyroid cancer or pheochromocytoma has been described.

• #38 The Clinicopathological Spectrum of Acromegaly

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/11/1962

  Acromegaly results from a persistent excess in growth hormone with clinical features that may be subtle or severe. The most common cause of acromegaly is a pituitary tumor that causes excessive production of growth hormone (GH), and rare cases are due to an excess of the GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) or the ectopic production of GH. […] The most common cause of acromegaly is a pituitary tumor that causes excessive production of GH. Ectopic production of GH is exceptionally uncommon; rare cases of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor or lymphoma have been reported as an extrapituitary source of GH excess. […] In contrast, excess production of the GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) is an unusual but well documented cause of acromegaly, and may be associated with neuroendocrine tumors of lung, pancreas, thyroid (medullary thyroid cancer) or pheochromocytomas, as well as hypothalamic gangliocytomas.

• #39 Acromegaly – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431086/

  GH excess can also be ectopic and produced by other tumors such as lymphoma and pancreatic-islet cell tumors. GH excess can also be iatrogenic, resulting from excessive GH administration. […] Rarer causes of acromegaly are related to GHRH excess. These can be further divided into central and peripheral causes. Central causes include hypothalamic hamartomas, choristoma, and ganglioneuroma. Peripheral causes include secretion of GHRH by bronchial carcinoid tumors, small cell lung cancer, adrenal adenoma, and even production by some medullary thyroid cancer or pheochromocytoma has been described.

• #40 Etiology of Acromegaly: Unraveling the Underlying Causes of Growth Hormone Excess – DoveMed

  https://www.dovemed.com/health-topics/focused-health-topics/etiology-acromegaly-unraveling-underlying-causes-growth-hormone-excess

  Rarely, ectopic production of GHRH by tumors outside the pituitary gland stimulates GH secretion, leading to acromegaly. […] Co-secretion of GH and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) by thyrotroph adenomas may manifest as acromegaly with concomitant hyperthyroidism. […] Non-pituitary tumors, such as small cell lung carcinoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, can produce GH-releasing factors or GH directly, resulting in acromegaly. […] Rare hypothalamic disorders characterized by excessive secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) can lead to acromegaly via stimulation of somatotroph cells. […] This rare genetic disorder characterized by somatic mutations in the GNAS gene can manifest with GH excess and features of acromegaly. […] Exposure to cranial radiation therapy for conditions such as pituitary adenomas or brain tumors may predispose individuals to develop GH-secreting adenomas later in life.

• #41 Acromegaly | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17116

  The causes of acromegaly can be divided into primary GH excess, ectopic or iatrogenic GH excess, and excess growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). […] Acromegaly is most commonly caused by a somatotroph GH-secreting adenoma of the anterior pituitary gland. The most commonly associated mutation involves activating the alpha subunit of the guanine nucleotide stimulatory protein gene. […] Other causes of primary GH excess include pituitary adenomas that secrete multiple hormones and GH-cell carcinomas. Important familial syndromes associated with acromegaly include Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, familial acromegaly, McCune-Albright syndrome, and Carney complex. […] GH excess can also be ectopic and produced by other tumors such as lymphoma and pancreatic-islet cell tumors. GH excess can also be iatrogenic, resulting from excessive GH administration.

• #42 Gigantism and Acromegaly: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/925446-overview

  More than 95% of acromegaly cases are caused by a pituitary adenoma that secretes excess amounts of GH. […] Ectopic production of GH and GHRH by malignant tumors accounts for another cause of IGF-I excess. […] Causes of excess IGF-I action can be divided into the following three categories: Release of primary GH excess from the pituitary, Increased GHRH secretion or hypothalamic dysregulation, Hypothetically, the excessive production of IGF-binding protein, which prolongs the half-life of circulating IGF-I. […] By far, most people with gigantism or acromegaly have GH-secreting pituitary adenomas or hyperplasia. […] Although gigantism is typically an isolated disorder, rare cases occur as a feature of other conditions, such as Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type I, McCune-Albright syndrome, Neurofibromatosis, Tuberous sclerosis, Carney complex.

• #43 Acromegaly | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17116

  Rarer causes of acromegaly are related to GHRH excess. These can be further divided into central and peripheral causes. Central causes include hypothalamic hamartomas, choristoma, and ganglioneuroma. Peripheral causes include secretion of GHRH by bronchial carcinoid tumors, small cell lung cancer, adrenal adenoma, and even production by some medullary thyroid cancer or pheochromocytoma has been described.

• #44 Acromegaly | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17116

  Rarer causes of acromegaly are related to GHRH excess. These can be further divided into central and peripheral causes. Central causes include hypothalamic hamartomas, choristoma, and ganglioneuroma. Peripheral causes include secretion of GHRH by bronchial carcinoid tumors, small cell lung cancer, adrenal adenoma, and even production by some medullary thyroid cancer or pheochromocytoma has been described.

• #45 Acromegaly | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17116

  Rarer causes of acromegaly are related to GHRH excess. These can be further divided into central and peripheral causes. Central causes include hypothalamic hamartomas, choristoma, and ganglioneuroma. Peripheral causes include secretion of GHRH by bronchial carcinoid tumors, small cell lung cancer, adrenal adenoma, and even production by some medullary thyroid cancer or pheochromocytoma has been described.

• #46 Acromegaly | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17116

  Rarer causes of acromegaly are related to GHRH excess. These can be further divided into central and peripheral causes. Central causes include hypothalamic hamartomas, choristoma, and ganglioneuroma. Peripheral causes include secretion of GHRH by bronchial carcinoid tumors, small cell lung cancer, adrenal adenoma, and even production by some medullary thyroid cancer or pheochromocytoma has been described.

• #47 Acromegaly | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

  https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1750-1172-3-17

  Acromegaly is an acquired disorder related to excessive production of growth hormone (GH) and characterized by progressive somatic disfigurement (mainly involving the face and extremities) and systemic manifestations. […] In the majority of cases, acromegaly is related to a pituitary adenoma, either purely GH-secreting (60%) or mixed. […] More than 95% of patients with acromegaly have a benign monoclonal pituitary adenoma which develops from the somatotrope cells that normally produce GH in the pituitary. Thus, these adenomas are termed somatotrope adenoma. […] The pituitary/hypothalamic origin of these adenomas is controversial. Some lines of evidence point to a hypothalamic origin. […] GH hypersecretion does not always have a pituitary origin. Acromegaly can be due to eutopic hypothalamic GHRH hypersecretion (gangliocytoma, hamartoma, choristoma, glioma, etc.) or, more often, to ectopic, peripheral GHRH hypersecretion (pancreatic or bronchial carcinoid tumor) that stimulate the normal somatotropes to become hyperplastic and to hypersecrete GH.

• #48 Acromegaly | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17116

  The causes of acromegaly can be divided into primary GH excess, ectopic or iatrogenic GH excess, and excess growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). […] Acromegaly is most commonly caused by a somatotroph GH-secreting adenoma of the anterior pituitary gland. The most commonly associated mutation involves activating the alpha subunit of the guanine nucleotide stimulatory protein gene. […] Other causes of primary GH excess include pituitary adenomas that secrete multiple hormones and GH-cell carcinomas. Important familial syndromes associated with acromegaly include Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, familial acromegaly, McCune-Albright syndrome, and Carney complex. […] GH excess can also be ectopic and produced by other tumors such as lymphoma and pancreatic-islet cell tumors. GH excess can also be iatrogenic, resulting from excessive GH administration.

• #49 Acromegaly | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/acromegaly?lang=us

  Acromegaly is the result of excessive growth hormone production in skeletally mature patients, most commonly from a pituitary adenoma. […] Approximately 95% of cases are the result of a pituitary adenoma. The remaining 5% of cases are the result of other tumors of the pancreas, lungs, or adrenal glands that release growth hormone. A very small number of cases result from the excessive use of exogenous growth hormone in athletes. […] In 2011 an AIP (aryl hydrocarbon-interacting protein gene) mutation was linked to acromegalic gigantism, found when studying four Irish families who displayed acromegalic and gigantism traits, known as childhood-onset acromegaly (i.e. when a child has gigantism which progresses through adulthood to acromegaly).

• #50 Acromegaly | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/hormonal/acromegaly

  Acromegaly is usually caused by tumors on the pituitary glands. When the tumors grow, they press against and damage the glands. As a result, the pituitary glands malfunction by overproducing growth hormones. […] Other potential acromegaly causes: Non-Pituitary Tumors benign tumors can also grow elsewhere in the body and release growth hormones. […] Diabetes diabetes itself stimulates cells to produce growth hormones. […] Steroid Use The use of steroids by athletes or others may lead to acromegaly. The high levels of growth hormone-induced by steroid abuse might act on cells in a way similar to insulin and cause them to increase their production rate.

• #51 The Clinicopathological Spectrum of Acromegaly

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/11/1962

  Each tumor type has a distinct pathophysiology, resulting in variations in clinical manifestations, imaging and responses to therapies. […] The diagnosis of pituitary hyperplasia should normally prompt the investigation of a GHRH-secreting tumor, but if none is identified, the diagnosis of primary pituitary hyperplasia should lead the treating physician to consider the possibility of an underlying germline genetic predisposition syndrome, such as MEN1/MEN4, Carney Complex, McCune Albright and X-LAG syndrome.

• #52 Acromegaly | Johns Hopkins Diabetes Guide

  https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Diabetes_Guide/547003/all/Acromegaly

  A clinical syndrome resulting from excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH). […] GH excess prior to closure of the epiphyseal plates results in gigantism; after epiphyseal plate closure, the result is acromegaly. […] Somatic and metabolic effects of chronic GH hypersecretion are predominantly mediated by high levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). […] Acromegaly is an uncommon secondary cause of diabetes. […] Excess GH: 1) stimulates gluconeogenesis and lipolysis, causing hyperglycemia and elevated free fatty acid levels; 2) leads to both hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance, with compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Conversely, IGF-1 increases insulin sensitivity. However, in acromegaly, increased IGF-1 levels are unable to overcome the insulin-resistant state caused by GH excess.

• #53 Acromegaly | Johns Hopkins Diabetes Guide

  https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Diabetes_Guide/547003/all/Acromegaly

  A clinical syndrome resulting from excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH). […] GH excess prior to closure of the epiphyseal plates results in gigantism; after epiphyseal plate closure, the result is acromegaly. […] Somatic and metabolic effects of chronic GH hypersecretion are predominantly mediated by high levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). […] Acromegaly is an uncommon secondary cause of diabetes. […] Excess GH: 1) stimulates gluconeogenesis and lipolysis, causing hyperglycemia and elevated free fatty acid levels; 2) leads to both hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance, with compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Conversely, IGF-1 increases insulin sensitivity. However, in acromegaly, increased IGF-1 levels are unable to overcome the insulin-resistant state caused by GH excess.

• #54 Acromegaly | Johns Hopkins Diabetes Guide

  https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Diabetes_Guide/547003/all/Acromegaly

  A clinical syndrome resulting from excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH). […] GH excess prior to closure of the epiphyseal plates results in gigantism; after epiphyseal plate closure, the result is acromegaly. […] Somatic and metabolic effects of chronic GH hypersecretion are predominantly mediated by high levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). […] Acromegaly is an uncommon secondary cause of diabetes. […] Excess GH: 1) stimulates gluconeogenesis and lipolysis, causing hyperglycemia and elevated free fatty acid levels; 2) leads to both hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance, with compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Conversely, IGF-1 increases insulin sensitivity. However, in acromegaly, increased IGF-1 levels are unable to overcome the insulin-resistant state caused by GH excess.

• #55 Acromegaly: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17743-acromegaly

  If left untreated, acromegaly can cause the following complications: Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure (hypertension), heart disease, cardiomyopathy (disease of your heart muscle), arthritis, colon polyps, which can potentially turn into colon cancer if left untreated, organ failure. […] Unfortunately, theres nothing you can do to prevent acromegaly. Scientists arent sure what causes pituitary tumors that cause acromegaly to develop, though they think certain genetic factors may play a role.

• #56 Symptoms and Causes | Acromegaly | Seeing Differences

  https://seeingdifferences.co.uk/symptomsandcauses

  Acromegaly can cause signs and symptoms because of two things: […] Having too much growth hormone […] Having a pituitary adenoma near the brain and optic nerve. […] Excess growth hormone (GH) stimulates glucose and fat production, leading to hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar). […] Increased growth hormone (GH) can lead to erectile dysfunction and decreased sex drive. […] Increased production of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) can cause disorders in thyroid function, and increase in their mass. […] Acromegaly can lead to an enlarged heart (known as myocardial hypertrophy), changes in your heart structure and the way your heart pumps blood round your body, and/or high blood pressure. […] Acromegaly increases the length and circumference of the colon, potentially facilitating the growth of pre-existing colonic tumours, or initiating their development. […] Overgrowth of bone and enlargement of cartilage in the joints may cause swelling and stiffness.

• #57 Symptoms and Causes | Acromegaly | Seeing Differences

  https://seeingdifferences.co.uk/symptomsandcauses

  Acromegaly can cause signs and symptoms because of two things: […] Having too much growth hormone […] Having a pituitary adenoma near the brain and optic nerve. […] Excess growth hormone (GH) stimulates glucose and fat production, leading to hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar). […] Increased growth hormone (GH) can lead to erectile dysfunction and decreased sex drive. […] Increased production of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) can cause disorders in thyroid function, and increase in their mass. […] Acromegaly can lead to an enlarged heart (known as myocardial hypertrophy), changes in your heart structure and the way your heart pumps blood round your body, and/or high blood pressure. […] Acromegaly increases the length and circumference of the colon, potentially facilitating the growth of pre-existing colonic tumours, or initiating their development. […] Overgrowth of bone and enlargement of cartilage in the joints may cause swelling and stiffness.

• #58 Symptoms and Causes | Acromegaly | Seeing Differences

  https://seeingdifferences.co.uk/symptomsandcauses

  Acromegaly can cause signs and symptoms because of two things: […] Having too much growth hormone […] Having a pituitary adenoma near the brain and optic nerve. […] Excess growth hormone (GH) stimulates glucose and fat production, leading to hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar). […] Increased growth hormone (GH) can lead to erectile dysfunction and decreased sex drive. […] Increased production of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) can cause disorders in thyroid function, and increase in their mass. […] Acromegaly can lead to an enlarged heart (known as myocardial hypertrophy), changes in your heart structure and the way your heart pumps blood round your body, and/or high blood pressure. […] Acromegaly increases the length and circumference of the colon, potentially facilitating the growth of pre-existing colonic tumours, or initiating their development. […] Overgrowth of bone and enlargement of cartilage in the joints may cause swelling and stiffness.

• #59 Symptoms and Causes | Acromegaly | Seeing Differences

  https://seeingdifferences.co.uk/symptomsandcauses

  Acromegaly can cause signs and symptoms because of two things: […] Having too much growth hormone […] Having a pituitary adenoma near the brain and optic nerve. […] Excess growth hormone (GH) stimulates glucose and fat production, leading to hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar). […] Increased growth hormone (GH) can lead to erectile dysfunction and decreased sex drive. […] Increased production of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) can cause disorders in thyroid function, and increase in their mass. […] Acromegaly can lead to an enlarged heart (known as myocardial hypertrophy), changes in your heart structure and the way your heart pumps blood round your body, and/or high blood pressure. […] Acromegaly increases the length and circumference of the colon, potentially facilitating the growth of pre-existing colonic tumours, or initiating their development. […] Overgrowth of bone and enlargement of cartilage in the joints may cause swelling and stiffness.

• #60 Acromegaly: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17743-acromegaly

  If left untreated, acromegaly can cause the following complications: Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure (hypertension), heart disease, cardiomyopathy (disease of your heart muscle), arthritis, colon polyps, which can potentially turn into colon cancer if left untreated, organ failure. […] Unfortunately, theres nothing you can do to prevent acromegaly. Scientists arent sure what causes pituitary tumors that cause acromegaly to develop, though they think certain genetic factors may play a role.

• #61 Acromegaly: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17743-acromegaly

  If left untreated, acromegaly can cause the following complications: Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure (hypertension), heart disease, cardiomyopathy (disease of your heart muscle), arthritis, colon polyps, which can potentially turn into colon cancer if left untreated, organ failure. […] Unfortunately, theres nothing you can do to prevent acromegaly. Scientists arent sure what causes pituitary tumors that cause acromegaly to develop, though they think certain genetic factors may play a role.

• #62 Acromegaly | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/acromegaly

  Acromegaly is a condition caused by an excess of growth hormone, which causes the overgrowth of bones in the face, hands and feet. […] A tumour on the pituitary gland is the most common cause of acromegaly. […] A pituitary tumour (adenoma) is the commonest cause of acromegaly. The adenoma secretes excessive amounts of growth hormone, which affects many tissues of the body, including the bones and skin. […] Certain tumours in other organs, such as the lungs or pancreas, can very rarely cause acromegaly. These tumours either make growth hormone or make a chemical called growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) that prompts the pituitary gland to make growth hormone. […] The cause of pituitary tumours is unknown. Without a known cause, it is impossible to predict or prevent acromegaly.

• #63 Acromegaly – Causes

  https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/acromegaly-causes.htm

  Acromegaly is caused by prolonged overproduction of growth hormones by the pituitary adenoma or a growth that is benign. […] Acromegaly is caused by prolonged overproduction of GH by the pituitary gland. In about 90% of Acromegaly patients, the overproduction of GH is caused by a benign tumor of the pituitary gland called an adenoma. These adenomas produce excess GH and produce pressure effect thereby affecting the surrounding brain tissue and optic nerves. […] Most pituitary tumors arise spontaneously and some from a genetic alteration in a single pituitary cell which leads to increased cell division and GH production. […] In a few patients, Acromegaly is caused by tumors of the pancreas, lungs, and adrenal glands. These tumors also lead to an excess of GH or GHRH, the hormone that stimulates the pituitary to make GH. When these non-pituitary tumors are surgically removed, GH levels fall.

• #64 Acromegaly

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/acromegaly/

  Acromegaly is usually caused by an adenoma (a non-cancerous tumour) in the pituitary gland. This is a pea-sized gland at the back of your brain. An adenoma can cause you to produce too much growth hormone. […] Acromegaly is not usually passed on from your parents (inherited).

• #65 Acromegaly | WELCOME TO DRJFM.COM

  https://www.drjfm.com/acromegaly

  Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder in which the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone. […] This disorder causes abnormal enlargement of bones and tissues, noticeably in the hands and feet, which occurs gradually over several years. […] The onset of acromegaly is insidious and seemingly benign, so the signs and symptoms are often ignored or are associated with other more common causes. […] Acromegaly may also lead to a risk of premature mortality. […] Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy may lead to reversal and/or prevention of these long-term consequences.

• #66 Not Recognizing Acromegaly Symptoms Delays Diagnosis

  https://yeditepehastaneleri.com/en/health-guide/diseases-treatments/what-acromegaly-disease

  Acromegaly, a rare metabolic disease, usually occurs as a result of excessive growth hormone secretion by a benign tumor originating from the pituitary gland. […] Our expert said that excessive secretion of growth hormone seen in acromegaly causes serious diseases in the body and said, Heart enlargement, heart failure and cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, diabetes and cerebrovascular diseases are some of these. […] It has also been shown that due to uncontrolled growth, there is an increase in the formation of thyroid nodules and polyps in the intestine and an increased incidence of malignant tumors of the large intestine, breast and thyroid gland. […] Pointing out that for all these reasons, acromegaly is a disease that shortens life expectancy if left untreated, our expert stated that although acromegaly has very distinct symptoms and signs, research can delay the diagnosis of the disease by 5-10 years from the onset of symptoms.

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