Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Restless legs syndrome – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/restless-legs-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20377168

  Restless legs syndrome care at Mayo Clinic […] Simple self-care steps and lifestyle changes may help relieve symptoms. Medicines also help many people with RLS. […] Talk with your healthcare professional if you have symptoms of restless legs syndrome. RLS can interfere with your sleep, cause daytime drowsiness and affect your quality of life. […] Restless legs syndrome symptoms can range from being mild to having a serious impact on people’s lives. Many people with RLS find it hard to fall or stay asleep. […] Serious symptoms of RLS can affect quality of life and result in depression. Not being able to sleep may lead to excessive daytime drowsiness, but RLS may interfere with napping.

• #1 Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments for Restless Legs Syndrome | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/restless-legs/research-protocol

  Restless legs syndrome (RLS) or Willis-Ekbom disease is a neurological disorder that causes unpleasant or painful sensations within the legs and a distressing, irresistible urge to move the legs. RLS symptoms worsen during inactivity and at night. Partial or complete relief may result from movement such as walking, stretching, or bending of the legs. Such relief is temporary, however, and symptoms return when movement ceases. If the disease progresses, symptoms may occur earlier in the day and intensify even further at night and/or extend beyond the legs to the arms or trunk. The clinical course of RLS varies; periods of remission are common, particularly in younger patients and those with milder disease. Severe restless legs syndrome, however, is a chronic progressive disorder that may require long-term treatment.

• #1 Restless Legs Syndrome | Baylor Medicine

  https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/neurology/parkinsons-disease-and-movement-disorders/restless-legs-syndrome

  With the emergence of new approved treatments and increased public awareness, restless legs syndrome (RLS) is recognized to be the most common sleep related movement disorder. […] RLS patients often do not see a physician until mid to later life but many actually report subtle symptoms dating from much earlier in their life. […] There are no diagnostic tests available for RLS, and the diagnosis of RLS remains a clinical one. […] No two patients respond identically to treatments for RLS. […] RLS is a chronic condition and, therefore, treatment decisions should take into account potential long-term issues and be individualized to the particular needs of the patient. […] By far, the most consistently effective treatments for RLS are prescription medications. […] Medications that act on calcium channel alpha-2-delta (2) receptors, initially developed for epilepsy, such as gabapentin (Neurontin), pregabalin (Lyrica), and gabapentin enacarbil (Horizant) have emerged as first-line treatment for RLS given their proven long-term effectiveness, safety, and lack of worrisome side effects such as augmentation.

• #1 Restless Leg Syndrome: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/restless-leg-syndrome/?srsltid=AfmBOoo7Hx5f7ntnfDpbIKEFKf_mk5whH7Fh6HwrxCwwe5y6cIKi7IXA

  Restless Leg Syndrome Nursing Care Plan […] Assessment […] Assess signs and symptoms: Pain, anxiety, fatigue, depression, leg sensations, sleep patterns, and lifestyle behaviors. […] Evaluate current medications. […] Nursing Diagnoses/Risk For […] Disturbed sleep pattern related to leg discomfort during sleep, evidenced by fatigue, lethargy, impaired sleep verbalization, and irritability. […] Chronic pain related to leg discomfort, evidenced by verbalization of pain, irritability, and facial grimacing. […] Anxiety related to worsening leg discomfort, evidenced by verbalization of anxiety, restlessness, irritability, moodiness, and impaired decision-making. […] Risk of constipation related to iron supplementation, evidenced by infrequent or difficult defecation, abdominal pain, and hypoactive bowel sounds.

• #1

  https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/523733_6

  Treatment of RLS is among the most rewarding and successful therapeutic interventions. In most cases, it is fairly straightforward to achieve a substantial benefit in a short time. Sustaining that benefit, especially in more severe cases, can be more trying. A key component to success in therapy, however, is to begin with an accurate diagnosis. […] Before beginning treatment of RLS, it is important to determine whether the disorder is idiopathic or secondary. It is worth attempting to resolve a causative condition — such as iron deficiency, uremia, or even neuropathy — because this may cure RLS. […] A second step before treatment is to determine whether there are dietary or pharmaceutical factors that may be provoking RLS. […] A third step is to discuss possible behavioral changes that may alleviate RLS with the patient. Sleep deprivation worsens RLS, so one of the goals for the patient is to optimize sleep. Incorporation of good sleep habits or sleep hygiene can be useful.

• #1 Restless Leg Syndrome: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/restless-leg-syndrome/?srsltid=AfmBOoo7Hx5f7ntnfDpbIKEFKf_mk5whH7Fh6HwrxCwwe5y6cIKi7IXA

  Interventions […] Provide psychosocial support to the individual and family. […] Monitor pain levels and manage as ordered. […] Encourage and teach good sleep habits. […] Create a calm and restful environment. […] Encourage lifestyle behaviors that reduce leg discomfort, such as regular exercise and reducing intake of alcohol and caffeine. […] Administer medications as ordered and provide non-pharmacological pain relief measures. […] Administer bowel medications and encourage fluid intake. […] Expected Outcomes […] The individual will verbalize effective pain management strategies. […] The individual will express reduced fears and anxieties. […] The individual will report improved sleep quality and duration. […] The individual will maintain a regular bowel pattern.

• #1 Restless legs syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/restless-legs-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377174

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your restless legs syndrome-related health concerns […] Symptoms of restless legs syndrome sometimes go away after treating an underlying condition, such as iron deficiency. […] If you have RLS without an associated condition, treatment focuses on lifestyle changes. If those aren’t effective, your healthcare professional may prescribe medicines. […] Making simple lifestyle changes can help alleviate symptoms of restless legs syndrome: Try baths and massages. Soaking in a warm bath and massaging the legs can relax the muscles. […] Restless legs syndrome is most often a lifelong condition. It may help you to develop coping strategies that work for you, such as: Tell others about your condition. Sharing information about RLS helps your family, friends and coworkers better understand what you’re going through.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/restless-legs-syndrome/treatment/

  Mild restless legs syndrome that isn’t linked to an underlying health condition can be managed with just a few lifestyle changes. […] If symptoms are more severe, medication may be needed. […] A number of lifestyle changes may be enough to ease the symptoms of restless legs syndrome. […] During an episode of restless legs syndrome, the following measures may help relieve your symptoms: massaging your legs, taking a hot bath in the evening, applying a hot compress to your leg muscles, doing activities that distract your mind, such as reading or watching television, relaxation exercises, such as yoga or tai chi, walking and stretching. […] Dopamine agonists may be recommended if you’re experiencing frequent symptoms of restless legs syndrome. […] A mild opiate-based painkiller, such as codeine, may be prescribed to relieve pain associated with restless legs syndrome. […] If restless legs syndrome is badly disrupting your sleep, a short-term course of medicine may be recommended to help you sleep.

• #1 Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9497-restless-legs-syndrome

  Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a movement condition that causes a strong urge to move your legs when you’re resting. You may also feel sensations like itching, pulling, crawling or throbbing. There isn’t a cure for RLS, but treatment is available. […] Treatment for RLS may include taking medications or changing your routine at home to help relieve your symptoms. Some people may reduce their symptoms if they work with their healthcare provider to manage other underlying health conditions. You and your healthcare provider will discuss the treatment options that might be best for you, as well as any side effects to look out for. […] Certain medications can help relieve your symptoms of RLS. Your healthcare provider may recommend or prescribe the following: Iron supplements, taken with vitamin C. Antiseizure medications (gabapentin, pregabalin). Dopamine agonists (pramipexole, ropinirole). Dopamine precursors or medications that turn into dopamine (levodopa).

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh4694

  Restless legs syndrome is a common nervous system problem. People with this syndrome feel a creeping, achy, or unpleasant feeling in the legs and an overpowering urge to move them. It often occurs in the evening and at night and can lead to sleep problems and tiredness. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Stretch and massage your legs before bed or when discomfort begins. […] Get some exercise for at least 30 minutes a day on most days of the week. Stop exercising at least 3 hours before bedtime.

• #1 Restless Leg Syndrome: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/restless-leg-syndrome/?srsltid=AfmBOoo7Hx5f7ntnfDpbIKEFKf_mk5whH7Fh6HwrxCwwe5y6cIKi7IXA

  Individual/Caregiver Education […] Explain the condition, treatment options, and expected outcomes. […] Discuss side effects of prescribed medications. […] Teach non-pharmacological treatments, including good sleep hygiene, physical exercise, and avoiding stimulants. […] Advise when to seek medical attention, such as worsening sleep, increased depression or anxiety, concentration difficulties, or lack of bowel movements for four to five days. […] Emphasize the importance of regular follow-up with healthcare providers.

• #1 Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments for Restless Legs Syndrome | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/restless-legs/research-protocol

  RLS treatment choices vary by patient age and by the severity and impact of the disease. For patients whose symptoms are mild (and/or episodic or intermittent), the critical issue is how to evaluate need for treatment based on the degree to which symptoms affect the patients quality of life. For patients suffering from severe RLS, the critical issue is how to identify the treatment options with the greatest long-term benefits and the least harms. Treating children and older adults with RLS presents specific challenges. We do not know the impact of long-term use of these drugs in children. Neither do we know the risks/benefits of the drugs for older adults who take several medications for multimorbidities. […] We will systematically review the literature to assess the benefits and harms of treatment, especially long-term outcomes. We will evaluate methods used to define RLS, assess its severity, and measure treatment benefits and harms. Further, we will identify gaps in the available evidence and develop a future research agenda.

• #1 Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments for Restless Legs Syndrome | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/restless-legs/research-protocol

  Treatments for RLS include nonpharmacological and pharmacological options. Pharmacological treatment is generally reserved for patients with severe RLS. The major classes of drugs used are dopaminergic agents, sedative hypnotic agents, anticonvulsive agents, opiates, and iron. Long-term treatment with dopaminergic agents can lead to a paradoxical worsening of symptoms known as augmentation, which is a significant complication. The primary goal of RLS treatment is to manage symptoms and improve patient function and quality of life. […] For patients with secondary RLS, the recommendation is to treat the associated condition first, whenever it is possible to do so. Clinical experience suggests that RLS associated with pregnancy is resolved postpartum in most of the patients; however, there have been no evaluations of therapy in this population and very little is known about women with pregnancy-induced RLS whose symptoms persist even after delivery.

• #1 A Case of Restless Legs Syndrome in the Setting of Long-Term Care and Dementia | Faucher | Journal of Medical Cases

  https://www.journalmc.org/index.php/JMC/article/view/901/499

  Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a common disorder that physicians frequently encounter in an outpatient clinic. Within long-term care, there are unique challenges to caring for residents with RLS. […] Our case illustrates the difficulty of diagnosing restless legs in patients with dementia and communication difficulties, and the need for empiric treatment. […] These disruptions can create problems for nursing home residents including sleep deprivation and a decreased quality of life. Our case demonstrates this type of situation, along with the diagnostic difficulties surrounding RLS in patients with dementia. […] The primary concerns from the medical and nursing teams involved the potential challenges of RLS, as well as her dementia. The team increased the pramipexole, which helped improve her symptoms of agitation.

• #1

  https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/523733_6

  Treatment of these patients can present a dilemma, since antidepressants may exacerbate RLS, although the degree of this problem is not well studied. […] The far majority of the studies of new RLS treatments have been with oral agents. However, transcutaneous and subcutaneous dopamine agonist therapy is already available or under development, and opioids and benzodiazepines can be administered by a wide variety of nonoral routes.

• #1 Restless Legs Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430878/

  Restless leg syndrome (RLS), or Willis-Ekbom disease, is a common chronic movement disorder in which patients have an irresistible urge to move their legs. […] This activity highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for patients with this condition. […] Patients should be followed up by their primary care provider or a neurologist for the worsening of the disease. […] The primary care provider should emphasize the importance of good sleep hygiene. […] The diagnosis and management of restless leg syndrome are complex. The condition can be disabling and is best managed by an interprofessional team that includes a nurse practitioner, neurologist, internist, physical therapist, and primary care provider. […] Overall, the quality of life of patients with RLS is poor. […] To prevent this disorder’s high morbidity, close communication between the team members is vital to ensure that the patient is receiving optimal care and support.

• #1 CEUFast – Restless Leg Syndrome

  https://ceufast.com/course/restless-leg-syndrome

  A thorough exploration of the sleep patterns helps the practitioner differentiate between primary insomnia and sleep disturbances related to RLS. […] The nurse plays a key role for the patient with RLS. […] In the inpatient setting the nurse will interact with the patient more than any other provider and is in the perfect position to identify undiagnosed patients as well as monitor the progress of RLS patients undergoing treatment. […] Nurses in the outpatient setting also have opportunities to improve the care of patients with RLS. […] Nurses in all settings should be aware of RLS and the impact it has on quality of life.

• #1 Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments for Restless Legs Syndrome | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/restless-legs/research-protocol

  Clinicians face substantial uncertainty related to defining RLS, assessing disease severity, and evaluating the risk/benefits of treatment. While these challenges are common to both primary care and specialty settings, they may be more pronounced in primary care. Specific issues that affect clinical practice include: RLS is diagnosed based on clinical history using standard criteria developed by the International Restless Legs Study (IRLS) group. The use of standard criteria is common in clinical research and possibly in specialty practice. However, in primary care, the standard criteria may be less consistently applied. As a result, patients may be misdiagnosed, misclassified, and receive unnecessary or ineffective treatment. […] Reliable diagnosis and treatment of RLS requires distinguishing it from disorders that present similar symptoms. Many patients with RLS also experience semi-rhythmic limb movements called periodic limb movements (PLM) during wakefulness or sleep. However, these movements are not specific to RLS; they may also occur among older adults, in those taking antidepressants, and as a result of certain neurological and sleep disorders.

• #1 CEUFast – Restless Leg Syndrome

  https://ceufast.com/course/restless-leg-syndrome

  Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a central nervous system disorder characterized by an almost irresistible urge to move the legs, especially when resting or trying to sleep. […] Nurses may encounter patients with RLS on both in-patient units and in outpatient settings. Nurses must understand this condition in order to promote appropriate treatment and interdisciplinary understanding. […] Affected individuals often describe RLS as „crazy legs” or the heebie-jeebies. […] RLS is a common condition that often goes unrecognized and thus, untreated. […] Unfortunately, questions that permit primary care providers to identify RLS are seldom included in a typical history. […] Recently, however, the RLS foundation and other professional groups have been promulgating information about RLS to inform health care professionals and patients.

• #1 Do You Have Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)? Treatment Advice Has Changed > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/restless-legs-syndrome-advice-has-changed

  Other approaches to treating RLS can go a long way toward managing the condition, says Dr. Koo. […] Lifestyle changes are the first step. Many sleep-related and environmental factors can trigger or worsen RLS symptoms. […] Iron deficiency testing is key. RLS is linked to low iron in the brain, which experts think may involve the body’s ability to process and deliver iron to the brain, Dr. Koo says. […] Gabapentin and similar medications can help some people. […] Bilateral high-frequency peroneal nerve stimulation. This relatively new treatment for people with moderate-to-severe restless legs received a conditional recommendation from the AASM. […] Low-dose opioid medications. These drugs, which include oxycodone, received conditional support for cautious use in people with severe RLS. […] Dr. Koo says that doctors can treat RLS, and a combination of approaches often works best. […] Patients should be sure to tell their doctor if they have been taking dopamine agonists, he adds.

• #2 CEUFast – Restless Leg Syndrome

  https://ceufast.com/course/restless-leg-syndrome

  Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a central nervous system disorder characterized by an almost irresistible urge to move the legs, especially when resting or trying to sleep. […] Nurses may encounter patients with RLS on both in-patient units and in outpatient settings. Nurses must understand this condition in order to promote appropriate treatment and interdisciplinary understanding. […] Affected individuals often describe RLS as „crazy legs” or the heebie-jeebies. […] RLS is a common condition that often goes unrecognized and thus, untreated. […] Unfortunately, questions that permit primary care providers to identify RLS are seldom included in a typical history. […] Recently, however, the RLS foundation and other professional groups have been promulgating information about RLS to inform health care professionals and patients.

• #2 Prevent Restless Leg Syndrome from Ruining Your Sleep – StrideCare

  https://www.stridecare.com/leg-condition/how-to-prevent-restless-legs-syndrome-from-ruining-your-sleep/

  How to Prevent Restless Legs Syndrome from Ruining Your Sleep […] If you’re dealing with the creeping, crawling, and pins and needles sensations commonly associated with restless leg syndrome, you know how hard it is to get a good night’s sleep. […] There are lifestyle changes you can make to help your restless legs. But sometimes, vein treatment provides the best relief. […] By treating the root cause of restless leg syndrome, our patients can experience dramatic relief from a variety of uncomfortable symptoms. […] Restless leg syndrome, also known as Willis-Ekbom Disease, affects approximately 1-10 adults. […] More women than men suffer from RLS, and it can affect any age group. […] The National Sleep Foundation says 98% of patients who experience RLS saw a dramatic improvement in their symptoms after receiving treatment for their varicose veins or chronic venous insufficiency.

• #2 Restless Legs Syndrome – North Memorial Health

  https://northmemorial.com/condition/restless-legs-syndrome/

  In addition to taking medications, many other strategies can help ease symptoms of restless legs syndrome; Eat a well-balanced diet including foods rich in iron. […] Talk with your healthcare provider about your symptoms. It may help to write down your symptoms including the time of day when they occur. […] Your healthcare provider may test your iron levels and recommend iron supplements if your iron levels are low. […] There are several prescription medications used in treating RLS. Your healthcare provider can help you determine the most appropriate medication to use.

• #2 Restless legs syndrome – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/restless-legs-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20377168

  Restless legs syndrome care at Mayo Clinic […] Simple self-care steps and lifestyle changes may help relieve symptoms. Medicines also help many people with RLS. […] Talk with your healthcare professional if you have symptoms of restless legs syndrome. RLS can interfere with your sleep, cause daytime drowsiness and affect your quality of life. […] Restless legs syndrome symptoms can range from being mild to having a serious impact on people’s lives. Many people with RLS find it hard to fall or stay asleep. […] Serious symptoms of RLS can affect quality of life and result in depression. Not being able to sleep may lead to excessive daytime drowsiness, but RLS may interfere with napping.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/restless-legs-syndrome/treatment/

  Mild restless legs syndrome that isn’t linked to an underlying health condition can be managed with just a few lifestyle changes. […] If symptoms are more severe, medication may be needed. […] A number of lifestyle changes may be enough to ease the symptoms of restless legs syndrome. […] During an episode of restless legs syndrome, the following measures may help relieve your symptoms: massaging your legs, taking a hot bath in the evening, applying a hot compress to your leg muscles, doing activities that distract your mind, such as reading or watching television, relaxation exercises, such as yoga or tai chi, walking and stretching. […] Dopamine agonists may be recommended if you’re experiencing frequent symptoms of restless legs syndrome. […] A mild opiate-based painkiller, such as codeine, may be prescribed to relieve pain associated with restless legs syndrome. […] If restless legs syndrome is badly disrupting your sleep, a short-term course of medicine may be recommended to help you sleep.

• #2 Restless Legs Syndrome: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.restless-legs-syndrome-care-instructions.uh4694

  Restless legs syndrome is a common nervous system problem. People with this syndrome feel a creeping, achy, or unpleasant feeling in the legs and an overpowering urge to move them. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. […] Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Stretch and massage your legs before bed or when discomfort begins. […] Tell your doctor about any medicines you are taking. This includes all over-the-counter, prescription, and herbal medicines. Some medicines, such as antidepressants, antihistamines, and cold and sinus medicines, can make your symptoms worse. […] Do not smoke. Nicotine can make restless legs worse. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You are still not getting enough sleep. […] Your symptoms become more severe or happen more often.

• #2 Restless Legs Syndrome | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/restless-legs-syndrome

  RLS has no cure, but treatment can help manage some symptoms. The first step in treatment is to address anything that could be making RLS symptoms worse. This includes treating other conditions the person has, like diabetes, neuropathy, sleep apnea, or iron deficiency. […] Lifestyle changes and activities may provide some relief. These include: Avoiding or decreasing the use of alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine; Maintaining a regular sleep schedule; Exercising moderately and consistently; Massaging the legs or taking a warm bath; Applying a heating pad or ice pack; Using foot wraps specially designed for people with RLS, or vibration pads to the back of the legs. […] Doctors also may prescribe medications for RLS, such as: Anti-seizure medications: Gabapentin enacarbil or pregabalin for moderate to severe RLS; Iron supplements; Opioids: For severe RLS cases that don’t respond to other treatments; Benzodiazepines: To treat anxiety, insomnia, or muscle spasms; Dopaminergic agents: Drugs like carbidopa/levodopa can help, but long-term use may worsen symptoms.

• #2

  https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/523733_6

  A fourth step is to make patients aware of advocacy organizations, such as the RLS Foundation, which has dozens of support groups around the country. […] Patient severity can be monitored either by using a validated scale, such as the International RLS Study Group rating scale (IRLS) or diaries that record when symptoms occur and the number of hours of sleep per night. […] Refractory RLS is that which has not responded to generally adequate therapy. At a minimum, the patient should have failed at least 1 trial at moderate to high dose of a dopamine agonist. […] There are groups of patients for whom specific therapeutic recommendations need to be made. In general, these must be based on clinical impression, since there is limited study, if any, of medications in these groups and no evidence-based recommendations can be made.

• #2 Restless legs syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/restless-legs-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377174

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your restless legs syndrome-related health concerns […] Symptoms of restless legs syndrome sometimes go away after treating an underlying condition, such as iron deficiency. […] If you have RLS without an associated condition, treatment focuses on lifestyle changes. If those aren’t effective, your healthcare professional may prescribe medicines. […] Making simple lifestyle changes can help alleviate symptoms of restless legs syndrome: Try baths and massages. Soaking in a warm bath and massaging the legs can relax the muscles. […] Restless legs syndrome is most often a lifelong condition. It may help you to develop coping strategies that work for you, such as: Tell others about your condition. Sharing information about RLS helps your family, friends and coworkers better understand what you’re going through.

• #2 Home Remedies For Restless Leg Syndrome – Vein Center

  https://spiderandvaricoseveintreatment.com/restless-leg-syndrome/

  Keep track of the medications and strategies that help or hinder your battle with RLS/WED, and share this information with your doctor. […] All possible pre-existing medical conditions should be discussed and treated. These include, but are not limited to, nutritional deficiencies, diabetes, kidney disease, varicose veins, thyroid disease, Parkinson’s disease or anemia. […] Your doctor might recommend taking nutritional supplements to correct any deficiencies in your vitamin or mineral levels as determined by your blood tests. For many patients, these simple interventions are all that is needed to relieve RLS symptoms.

• #2 Heat-Cold Therapy: A Drug-Free Solution to Improve Sleep in Restless Legs Syndrome

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/heat-cold-therapy-a-drug-free-solution-to-improve-sleep-in-restless-legs-syndrome

  Superficial heat-cold application improves sleep quality in RLS patients, with optimal results at 42.5C for 10 minutes. […] For patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS), superficial heat-cold application could pave the way towards better sleep quality. This approach additionally represents a cost-effective, medication-free method for many patients, according to findings published in Nursing Open. […] Superficial heat-cold application improve sleep quality for those with RLS (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.685; 95% CI, 0.421-0.950). […] Furthermore, pregnant women appeared to benefit the most from heat therapy vs other groups (SMD, 0.806; 95% CI, 0.4811.130; P.05). […] The positive impact of superficial heat-cold application dimmished with longer durations (=0.031; 95% CI, 0.059 to 0.001; P.05); 10 minutes proved to be the most effective duration. […] Additionally, age played a factor and the interventions efficacy decreased with older patient groups (=0.013; 95% CI: 0.024 to 0.001; P =.0259). Those aged 20 to 25 years benefitted the most and those aged 60 to 65 years benefited the least.

• #2 A Case of Restless Legs Syndrome in the Setting of Long-Term Care and Dementia | Faucher | Journal of Medical Cases

  https://www.journalmc.org/index.php/JMC/article/view/901/499

  Nursing home providers should attempt treatment or modifications of treatment for RLS in appropriate residents. Observation by family and nursing staff is essential to evaluate improvement in the residents quality of life. […] With the subjective nature of accepted diagnostic criteria, there is a high-risk of RLS going unnoticed or untreated in LTC patients with dementia. RLS can be a significant contributor to sleep disturbance, agitation, and decreased quality of life in these patients. There is a need for further research to validate objective criteria for RLS diagnosis in patients such as ours, who experience cognitive and communication difficulties due to their dementia. Nevertheless, many treatment options exist for RLS, and they may be pursued empirically in patients with dementia and possible RLS, even in the face of inapplicable diagnostic criteria.

• #2 Restless Legs Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430878/

  Restless leg syndrome (RLS), or Willis-Ekbom disease, is a common chronic movement disorder in which patients have an irresistible urge to move their legs. […] This activity highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for patients with this condition. […] Patients should be followed up by their primary care provider or a neurologist for the worsening of the disease. […] The primary care provider should emphasize the importance of good sleep hygiene. […] The diagnosis and management of restless leg syndrome are complex. The condition can be disabling and is best managed by an interprofessional team that includes a nurse practitioner, neurologist, internist, physical therapist, and primary care provider. […] Overall, the quality of life of patients with RLS is poor. […] To prevent this disorder’s high morbidity, close communication between the team members is vital to ensure that the patient is receiving optimal care and support.

• #2 Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments for Restless Legs Syndrome | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/restless-legs/research-protocol

  We will analyze total scale scores from validated scales noted above. For each scale, we will try to determine, the minimum change in score that translates to clinically meaningful improvement. To analyze clinically meaningful response to treatment we will set responder criteria on these scale scores to be: resolution of symptoms; percent of patients with reduction of symptoms from very severe or severe to mild; more than 50% change in IRLS score from baseline; or percent of patients who are much improved or very much improved on the CGI scale.

• #2 Restless legs syndrome: FAQs you can use

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/restless-legs-syndrome-faqs-you-can-use-3/

  Be aware that RLS is a condition that affects quality of life. Stay alert for insomnia or other indicators that suggest your patient should undergo a thorough sleep history. […] Also, because many drugs exacerbate RLS symptoms, be suspicious if a patient reports an allergy or a bad reaction to a drug that involves restlessness or insomnia. […] Finally, be prepared to recommend that your patient consult a specialist in sleep or movement disorders.

• #2 Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments for Restless Legs Syndrome | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/restless-legs/research-protocol

  Lack of objective measures for assessing disease status presents a challenge in clinical practice. Typically, clinical interviews are used to assess disease severity and treatment-induced changes in disease status. In research settings, the same assessments are made using specific rating scales such as the International Restless Legs Study Group (IRLS) scale and Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale. However, the results of RLS severity scales cannot be meaningfully interpreted in the absence of clearly defined minimum clinically important differences (MCIDs). […] Durability of treatment benefits and sustainability of treatments over time are critical issues. Many patients with RLS report switching between treatments or drug classes due to treatment side effects, or because the treatment benefits are not sustained. Substantial uncertainty exists about the long-term benefits and harms of treatments for RLS. Most of what we know about the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for RLS comes from short-term clinical trials. Yet, the disease is chronic, often requiring life-long treatment. Furthermore, augmentation, a treatment-induced exacerbation of symptoms in response to dopaminergic therapy, can occur during the first 2 years of treatment and sometimes many years into treatment.

• #2 Algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome in primary care | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2377-11-28

  Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder with a lifetime prevalence of 3-10%. in European studies. However, the diagnosis of RLS in primary care remains low and mistreatment is common. […] The current article reports on the considerations of RLS diagnosis and management that were made during a European Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (EURLSSG)-sponsored task force consisting of experts and primary care practitioners. The task force sought to develop a better understanding of barriers to diagnosis in primary care practice and overcome these barriers with diagnostic and treatment algorithms. […] The EURLSSG task force reached a consensus and agreed on the diagnostic and treatment algorithms published here. […] Given the high prevalence of RLS, the diagnosis of this disorder should occur principally in the primary care setting. Unfortunately this is not the case as identification of RLS in primary care occurs with substantial difficulties. Furthermore, RLS is mismanaged despite the recent publication of evidence-based guidelines on its treatment.

• #2 Updated Guidelines for the Treatment of Restless Leg Syndrome: New Research Prompts a Significant Shift in Recommendations – MGH Psychiatry News

  https://mghpsychnews.org/updated-guidelines-for-the-treatment-of-rls/

  The new guidelines recommend against the use of the dopamine agonists, pramipexole and ropinirole. Although these treatments were included as strong recommendations in the 2012 guidelines, more recent research indicates that long-term treatment with dopamine agonists is often associated with the risk of augmentation or the gradual worsening of RLS symptom intensity and duration. […] New evidence supports the strong recommendation for the use of three alpha-2-delta ligand calcium channel blockers gabapentin enacarbil, gabapentin, and pregabalin for the treatment of RLS. These medications are not associated with the augmentation of RLS symptoms. […] The use of low-dose, extended-release oxycodone and other low-dose opioids have demonstrated efficacy for RLS; however, opioids carry risks that require cautious use and clinical oversight. Use of low-dose opioids have received conditional recommendations of support.

• #2 Algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome in primary care | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2377-11-28

  In order for RLS to be appropriately managed from primary care upwards, it is therefore necessary to provide GPs with both diagnostic and treatment guidelines. […] The natural clinical course of RLS varies between primary (idiopathic) and secondary (symptomatic) forms. Primary RLS tends to be chronic, with symptom severity increasing over time, this is especially the case in early-onset RLS, with many patients not developing daily RLS until the age of 40-60 years. […] It is important to remember that RLS treatment so far is symptomatic, not preventive. Treatment improves the quality of life of the patient and it is therefore important for the physician to work closely with the patient in tailoring treatment to their individual needs and paying close attention to any symptom fluctuations.

• #3

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh4694

  Tell your doctor about any medicines you are taking. This includes all over-the-counter, prescription, and herbal medicines. Some medicines, such as antidepressants, antihistamines, and cold and sinus medicines, can make your symptoms worse. […] Avoid caffeine products, such as coffee, tea, cola, and chocolate. Caffeine can interrupt your sleep and stimulate you. […] Do not smoke. Nicotine can make restless legs worse. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You are still not getting enough sleep. Your symptoms become more severe or happen more often.

• #3 Heat-Cold Therapy: A Drug-Free Solution to Improve Sleep in Restless Legs Syndrome

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/heat-cold-therapy-a-drug-free-solution-to-improve-sleep-in-restless-legs-syndrome

  Superficial heat-cold application improves sleep quality in RLS patients, with optimal results at 42.5C for 10 minutes. […] For patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS), superficial heat-cold application could pave the way towards better sleep quality. This approach additionally represents a cost-effective, medication-free method for many patients, according to findings published in Nursing Open. […] Superficial heat-cold application improve sleep quality for those with RLS (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.685; 95% CI, 0.421-0.950). […] Furthermore, pregnant women appeared to benefit the most from heat therapy vs other groups (SMD, 0.806; 95% CI, 0.4811.130; P.05). […] The positive impact of superficial heat-cold application dimmished with longer durations (=0.031; 95% CI, 0.059 to 0.001; P.05); 10 minutes proved to be the most effective duration. […] Additionally, age played a factor and the interventions efficacy decreased with older patient groups (=0.013; 95% CI: 0.024 to 0.001; P =.0259). Those aged 20 to 25 years benefitted the most and those aged 60 to 65 years benefited the least.

• #3 FF #217 Restless Leg Syndrome | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/restless-leg-syndrome/

  Pharmacologic treatment is recommended for patients who have not improved despite conservative interventions or who have recurring, distressing symptoms. Experts recommend that drug options be based on whether the RLS symptoms are intermittent vs persistent. […] For intermittent symptoms, options are as needed carbidopa-levodopa (12.5 mg/50 mg or 25 mg/100 mg) and/or benzodiazepines (clonazepam 0.5-2 mg/day) taken at night. Carbidopa-levodopa is not recommended for persistent symptoms because of the risk of augmentation. […] For persistent symptoms, both dopamine agonists (e.g., pamiprexole) and gabapentinoids (e.g., gabapentin, pregabalin) are reasonable first-line choices. Since head-to-head trials have demonstrated noninferiority between pregabalin 300 mg and pamiprexole 0.5 mg, some advocate for using gabapentinoids first line because of the lower risk of augmentation. Still, patient factors should guide this decision since gabapentinoids have a high discontinuation rate due to dizziness, somnolence, fatigue, and headache. Comorbidities (e.g., diabetic neuropathy, insomnia) and cost/insurance coverage are other considerations when making this decision. In general, if the first drug chosen is ineffective, try an alternate drug class or combination therapy.

• #3 Updated Guidelines for the Treatment of Restless Leg Syndrome: New Research Prompts a Significant Shift in Recommendations – MGH Psychiatry News

  https://mghpsychnews.org/updated-guidelines-for-the-treatment-of-rls/

  This is an innovative treatment developed that has received a conditional recommendation of support for the treatment of RLS. Treatment involves the use of a wearable device to stimulate the nerves in the legs before bedtime. […] Using this platform, licensed healthcare providers can present brief clinical histories of their patients with RLS and get specific, evidence-based information on treatment. It is hoped that this tool will enable health care providers to confidently treat RLS with the most efficacious, evidenced-based, personalized treatments for their patients.

• #3 Algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome in primary care | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2377-11-28

  RLS should only be treated when it is clinically significant, that is, when symptoms impair the patient’s quality of life, daytime functioning, social functioning or sleep. […] The task force recommends that hemoglobin, transferrin saturation and serum ferritin are evaluated in all RLS patients and that oral iron be administered to replenish iron when serum ferritin levels are 50 g/L. […] Patients should be referred to a specialist (either a sleep specialist or a neurologist) if treatment proves to be unsuccessful. […] Augmentation is the main complication of long-term dopaminergic treatment of RLS. It is characterized by an overall increase in RLS symptom severity which means that the symptoms appear earlier in the day, they occur quicker when the patient is at rest, and may spread to other body parts including the trunk and arms. […] RLS is a common condition that can present frequently in primary care setting. Due to the important consequences on quality of life, and the availability of treatment, it is important to identify such cases in primary care.

• #4 Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9497-restless-legs-syndrome

  If you have mild RLS symptoms, a healthcare provider may recommend the following at-home therapies to help you feel more comfortable and fall asleep with restless legs. These may include: Getting regular exercise, such as aerobics, riding a bike/stationary bike or walking. Avoid heavy or intense exercise within a few hours of bedtime. Following good sleep habits like avoiding reading, watching television or being on a computer or phone while lying in bed. Not getting enough sleep can make RLS symptoms worse. […] Visit a healthcare provider if you have symptoms of RLS that: Don’t improve with at-home therapies. Get worse. Affect your ability to sleep. […] While there isn’t a cure available for RLS, treatment can help you manage your symptoms, feel better and get back to a regular sleeping routine.

• #4 Heat-Cold Therapy: A Drug-Free Solution to Improve Sleep in Restless Legs Syndrome

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/heat-cold-therapy-a-drug-free-solution-to-improve-sleep-in-restless-legs-syndrome

  Superficial heat-cold application improves sleep quality in RLS patients, with optimal results at 42.5C for 10 minutes. […] For patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS), superficial heat-cold application could pave the way towards better sleep quality. This approach additionally represents a cost-effective, medication-free method for many patients, according to findings published in Nursing Open. […] Superficial heat-cold application improve sleep quality for those with RLS (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.685; 95% CI, 0.421-0.950). […] Furthermore, pregnant women appeared to benefit the most from heat therapy vs other groups (SMD, 0.806; 95% CI, 0.4811.130; P.05). […] The positive impact of superficial heat-cold application dimmished with longer durations (=0.031; 95% CI, 0.059 to 0.001; P.05); 10 minutes proved to be the most effective duration. […] Additionally, age played a factor and the interventions efficacy decreased with older patient groups (=0.013; 95% CI: 0.024 to 0.001; P =.0259). Those aged 20 to 25 years benefitted the most and those aged 60 to 65 years benefited the least.

• #4 Do You Have Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)? Treatment Advice Has Changed > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/restless-legs-syndrome-advice-has-changed

  Restless legs syndrome (RLS) triggers an irresistible urge to move the legs to alleviate what some describe as a creeping, crawling, prickly, tingly sensation that bothers them when they are drowsy or resting. […] The new guidelines downgrade a previous strong recommendation for dopamine agonists and conditionally recommend against their use. This means that dopamine agonists can still be used to treat RLS; however, they no longer should be the first medicine used. […] Other new advice for RLS covers existing treatments that help many people manage symptoms. These include iron infusions for people found to have low levels of iron in the brain, a problem that has been linked to RLS and is suspected when blood tests show low iron levels in the body. […] The new guidelines include conditional recommendations against treating RLS with dopamine agonists, which were considered breakthrough drugs for severe RLS when they were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the 2000s to treat the condition.

• #4 Updated Guidelines for the Treatment of Restless Leg Syndrome: New Research Prompts a Significant Shift in Recommendations – MGH Psychiatry News

  https://mghpsychnews.org/updated-guidelines-for-the-treatment-of-rls/

  This update from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine presents a significant change in recommendations for the treatment of RLS, discouraging the use of commonly prescribed dopamine agonists. The guidelines reflect the latest scientific evidence accumulated over the last decade, and recommend significant changes in the clinical management of RLS in adults. […] According to the guidelines, the first step in the management of RLS should consist of identifying and managing exacerbating factors, including alcohol, caffeine, certain antidepressant and antihistamine medications, as well as untreated obstructive sleep apnea. They also note that RLS is common in pregnancy. […] Clinicians should regularly obtain serum iron studies, including ferritin and transferrin saturation (calculated from iron and total iron binding capacity, TIBC). Depending on iron indices, iron supplementation is recommended. The guidelines provide a strong recommendation for intravenous ferric carboxymaltose and conditional recommendations for IV low molecular weight (LMW) iron dextran, IV ferumoxytol, and oral ferrous sulfate.

• #5 Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) Symptoms, Treatment, Self Care

  https://www.helpguide.org/wellness/sleep/restless-leg-syndrome-rls

  Simple stretching can help ease the symptoms of restless legs syndrome. […] According to research published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, women with RLS who practiced yoga reduced their symptoms and experienced less stress, an elevated mood, and better sleep habits. […] The symptoms of restless legs syndrome can make it hard to get to sleep. […] If self-care strategies aren’t providing sufficient relief of your symptoms, you may benefit from medical treatment. […] There are a number of non-pharmaceutical treatments that have shown promise for treating restless legs syndrome. […] If you have severe RLS symptoms that haven’t improved with lifestyle changes or other treatments, you may benefit from medication.

• #5 Updated Guidelines for the Treatment of Restless Leg Syndrome: New Research Prompts a Significant Shift in Recommendations – MGH Psychiatry News

  https://mghpsychnews.org/updated-guidelines-for-the-treatment-of-rls/

  The new guidelines recommend against the use of the dopamine agonists, pramipexole and ropinirole. Although these treatments were included as strong recommendations in the 2012 guidelines, more recent research indicates that long-term treatment with dopamine agonists is often associated with the risk of augmentation or the gradual worsening of RLS symptom intensity and duration. […] New evidence supports the strong recommendation for the use of three alpha-2-delta ligand calcium channel blockers gabapentin enacarbil, gabapentin, and pregabalin for the treatment of RLS. These medications are not associated with the augmentation of RLS symptoms. […] The use of low-dose, extended-release oxycodone and other low-dose opioids have demonstrated efficacy for RLS; however, opioids carry risks that require cautious use and clinical oversight. Use of low-dose opioids have received conditional recommendations of support.

• #6 RLS Remedies : Home Care for Better Sleep

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/restless-legs-syndrome/ss/slideshow-rls-remedies

  Restless legs syndrome, also called RLS, makes it hard to sleep. Your legs may ache, burn, tingle, twitch, or jerk. To get the deep sleep you need, try going to bed a little later and sleeping later in the morning. Those morning hours may be some of your best rest. […] Going to sleep and waking up at the about the same time every day helps just about everyone sleep better. When you have RLS, it may stop a bad cycle where fatigue makes your symptoms worse, and then the twitching and tingling ruins your sleep for another night. Pay attention to how much sleep you need to feel your best. Most adults need seven to nine hours each night. […] Gentle stretching before bed might help. For a calf stretch, step forward and bend your front leg while keeping your back leg straight, in a small lunge. You can put your hand on a wall for support. Repeat on the other side. Stretching also helps if you’ve been sitting for a long time.

• #7 Restless legs syndrome | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/restless-legs-syndrome

  If you have RLS without an associated condition, treatment focuses on lifestyle changes. If those aren’t effective, your healthcare professional may prescribe medicines. […] Making simple lifestyle changes can help alleviate symptoms of restless legs syndrome: Try baths and massages. Soaking in a warm bath and massaging the legs can relax the muscles. […] Establish good sleep hygiene. Fatigue tends to worsen symptoms of RLS, so it’s important that you practice good sleep hygiene. Create a cool, quiet, comfortable sleeping environment. Go to bed and rise at the same time daily. Get at least seven hours of sleep nightly. […] Seek help. Support groups bring together family members and people with RLS. By participating in a group, your insights not only can help you but also may help someone else.

Zobacz więcej