Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heart-attack/causes/

  Heart attacks are caused by the blood supply to the heart being suddenly interrupted. Without this supply, heart muscles may be damaged and begin to die. […] Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of heart attacks. […] Before a heart attack, one of the plaques ruptures (bursts), causing a blood clot to form at the site of the rupture. The clot may block the supply of blood to the heart, triggering a heart attack. […] A less common cause of heart attacks is a lack of oxygen (hypoxia). […] This will result in the heart muscles being damaged, triggering a heart attack.

• #2 Heart Attack: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16818-heart-attack-myocardial-infarction

  A heart attack (myocardial infarction) is a medical emergency where your heart muscle begins to die because it isnt getting enough blood flow. A blockage in the arteries that supply blood to your heart usually causes this. […] A heart attack (myocardial infarction) is an extremely dangerous condition that happens because you dont have enough blood flow to some of your heart muscle. This lack of blood flow can occur because of many different factors but is usually related to a blockage in one or more of your hearts arteries. […] Most heart attacks happen because of a blockage in one of the blood vessels that supply your heart. Most often, this occurs because of plaque, a sticky substance that can build up on the insides of your arteries (similar to how pouring grease down your kitchen sink can clog your home plumbing). That buildup is called atherosclerosis. When theres a large amount of this atherosclerotic buildup in the blood vessels to your heart, this is called coronary artery disease.

• #2 Heart Attack – Causes and Risk Factors | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-attack/causes

  The most common cause of a heart attack is coronary artery disease, which is the most common type of heart disease. This is when your coronary artery cannot carry enough oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle. Most of the time, coronary artery disease happens when a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside your arteries, causing the arteries to narrow. The buildup of this plaque is called atherosclerosis. This can happen over many years, and it can block blood flow to parts of your heart muscle. […] Not all heart attacks are caused by blockages from atherosclerosis. When other heart and blood vessel conditions cause a heart attack, it is called myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA). […] Conditions that can cause MINOCA have different effects on the heart.

• #3 About Heart Attack Symptoms, Risk, and Recovery | Heart Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/heart-attack.html

  A heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction, happens when a part of the heart muscle doesn’t get enough blood. […] Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the main cause of heart attack. […] A less common cause is a severe spasm, or sudden contraction, of a coronary artery that can stop blood flow to the heart muscle. […] Several health conditions, your lifestyle, and your age and family history can increase your risk for heart disease and heart attack. These are called risk factors. […] About half of all Americans have at least one of these three key risk factors for heart disease: high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and smoking. […] If you’ve had a heart attack, your heart may be damaged. This could affect your heart’s rhythm and its ability to pump blood to the rest of the body. You may also be at risk for another heart attack or conditions such as stroke, kidney disorders, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

• #3 Heart Disease Facts | Heart Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/data-research/facts-stats/index.html

  Heart disease is the leading cause of death for men, women, and people of most racial and ethnic groups. […] Heart disease is the leading cause of death for people of most racial and ethnic groups in the United States. […] High blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and smoking are key risk factors for heart disease. […] Several other medical conditions and lifestyle choices can also put people at a higher risk for heart disease, including diabetes, overweight and obesity, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol use.

• #4

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heart-attack/

  A heart attack (myocardial infarction or MI) is a serious medical emergency in which the supply of blood to the heart is suddenly blocked, usually by a blood clot. […] Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of heart attacks. […] CHD is a condition in which the major blood vessels (coronary arteries) that supply the heart muscle become clogged by a build-up of deposits of fatty substances, known as plaques. […] Before a heart attack, 1 of the plaques bursts (ruptures), causing a blood clot to develop at the site of the rupture. […] The clot may block the supply of blood to the heart, triggering a heart attack.

• #5 Myocardial infarction – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarction

  A myocardial infarction occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque slowly builds up in the inner lining of a coronary artery and then suddenly ruptures, causing catastrophic thrombus formation, totally occluding the artery and preventing blood flow downstream to the heart muscle. […] Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. […] Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake. […] The complete blockage of a coronary artery caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque is usually the underlying mechanism of an MI. […] MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress (often known as Takotsubo syndrome or broken heart syndrome) and extreme cold, among others.

• #6 Heart Attack: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/heart-disease-heart-attacks

  Heart attack happens when something blocks the blood flow to your heart so it can’t get the oxygen it needs. […] Heart attacks happen to both men and women and those assigned male and female at birth. Although they are more likely as you get old, there are many risk factors including high blood pressure, high levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol, diabetes, and whether you smoke that you can change. […] Your heart muscle needs a constant supply of oxygen-rich blood. Your coronary arteries give your heart this critical blood supply. If you have coronary artery disease, those arteries become narrow, and blood can’t flow as well as it should. When your blood supply is blocked, you have a heart attack. […] Fat, calcium, proteins, and inflammatory cells build up in your arteries to form plaques. These plaque deposits are hard on the outside and soft and mushy on the inside.

• #7 What Causes a Heart Attack? | YourCareEverywhere

  https://yourcareeverywhere.com/health-research/health-insights/heart-care-insights/what-causes-a-heart-attack-.html

  Most heart attacks are the result of atherosclerosis, a build-up of waxy plaque inside the arteries leading to your heart. […] Atherosclerosis usually develops over many years, in response to many factors smoking cigarettes, a fatty diet, obesity, lack of exercise, and diabetes increase your risk. […] At some point, the plaque breaks open inside an artery. A blood clot forms on the surface of the plaque. If it gets big enough, it can partly or complete block blood from flowing. […] The portion of heart muscle fed by that artery is starved for oxygen and nutrients, a state called ischemia. Youve had a heart attack technically called a myocardial infarction when that part of your heart muscle is damaged or dies. […] The overall name for this series of events is coronary heart disease.

• #8 Acute coronary syndrome – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-coronary-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20352136

  A heart attack occurs when an artery that sends blood and oxygen to the heart is blocked. A buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances can make arteries narrow, blocking blood flow. This buildup is called plaque. If plaque bursts, a blood clot may form. The clot can lead to a heart attack. During a heart attack, a lack of blood flow causes the tissue in the heart muscle to die. […] When blood flow to the heart is reduced, the heart muscle doesn’t get enough oxygen. If heart tissue cells die or are damaged, a heart attack happens. A heart attack also is known as a myocardial infarction. […] Acute coronary syndrome usually is caused by a buildup of fatty deposits in and on the walls of the heart’s arteries. The fatty deposits also are called plaque. When a fatty deposit breaks open, a blood clot can form. This clot blocks blood flow to the heart. The heart muscle doesn’t get enough oxygen. […] The lack of oxygen can cause cells in the heart muscle to die. The damage can lead to a heart attack. When acute coronary syndrome doesn’t cause heart muscle cells to die, it is called unstable angina.

• #9 Myocardial Infarction – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537076/

  Myocardial infarction (MI), colloquially known as „heart attack,” is caused by decreased or complete cessation of blood flow to a portion of the myocardium. […] Most myocardial infarctions are due to underlying coronary artery disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. […] Myocardial infarction is closely associated with coronary artery disease. […] The INTERHEART study showed that all the above risk factors were significantly associated with acute myocardial infarction except for alcohol consumption, which showed a weaker association. […] Other risk factors include a moderately high level of plasma homocysteine, which is an independent risk factor of MI. […] Some non-modifiable risk factors for myocardial infarction include advanced age, male gender (males tend to have myocardial infarction earlier in life), genetics (there is an increased risk of MI if a first-degree relative has a history of cardiovascular events before the age of 50). […] The most common cause of death and disability in the western world and worldwide is coronary artery disease.

• #10 Causes | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/heart-attack/causes.html

  A heart attack (myocardial infarction) occurs when oxygenated blood cannot get to the heart. It usually stems from an artery blockage and can lead to permanent damage of the heart muscle and, in some cases, death. […] A heart attack or unstable angina is usually caused when plaque in a coronary artery breaks apart and a blood clot forms. The blood clot can block blood flow to the heart muscle, causing a heart attack or unstable angina. […] The process that leads to a blood clot is called hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis. In this process, fatty deposits called plaque build up inside an artery. If the plaque tears or breaks apart, the body will try to repair the injured artery lining. A blood clot forms inside the artery to seal the area. […] When atherosclerosis happens in the coronary arteries, it is called coronary artery disease.

• #11 What is a Heart Attack? | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/about-heart-attacks

  A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced or blocked. […] A heart attack occurs when the blood flow that brings oxygen to the heart is reduced or cut off. If blood flow is reduced or stopped for too long, the heart muscle begins to die. […] This happens when coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood flow become narrowed from plaque — a buildup of fat, cholesterol and other substances. […] When plaque within a heart artery breaks, a blood clot forms around the plaque. This blood clot can block blood flow through the artery to the heart muscle. […] Sometimes a coronary artery temporarily contracts or spasms. When this happens, the artery narrows, and blood flow to part of the heart muscle decreases or stops. […] A severe spasm can cause a heart attack.

• #12 Heart Attack | The Texas Heart Institute®

  https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-attack/

  Many heart attacks are caused by a complete blockage of a vessel in your heart, called a coronary artery. A blocked coronary artery prevents oxygen-rich blood and nutrients from reaching a section of the heart. […] A heart attack is also called a myocardial infarction (MI) or an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Many heart attacks are caused by a complete blockage of a vessel in your heart, called a coronary artery. A blocked coronary artery prevents oxygen-rich blood and nutrients from reaching a section of the heart. If blood cannot reach the heart muscle, it will die. […] Heart attacks may be caused by a fatty buildup called plaque, which severely narrows or blocks a coronary artery. The blockage shuts off all blood flow to the section of heart muscle fed by the artery. […] A blood clot, which can block an artery already narrowed by plaque. The blood clot may come from another part of the body, carried by blood flow through the narrowed artery.

• #13 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-Causes-A-Heart-Attack.aspx

  A heart attack is a medical emergency caused by a blockage occurring in one or more of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscles. […] This lack of blood supply and oxygen can cause injury to the heart muscle and if supply is prevented for more than 20 minutes, the part of the muscle tissue failing to receive blood may die. […] One of the most common causes of heart attack is coronary artery disease, where the coronary arteries become hardened and narrowed due to atherosclerosis. […] Atherosclerosis refers to the build-up of fatty plaques or atheromas in the walls of the arteries. […] Another cause of heart attack is sudden severe spasm or tightening of the coronary artery that blocks the blood supply. […] Spasm of the coronary arteries can occur due to severe emotional stress, cigarette smoking, exposure to extreme cold or the use of illicit drugs.

• #14 Heart Attack: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16818-heart-attack-myocardial-infarction

  Sometimes, plaque deposits inside the coronary (heart) arteries can break open or rupture, and a blood clot can get stuck where the rupture happened. If the clot blocks the artery, this can deprive the heart muscle of blood and cause a heart attack. […] Heart attacks are possible without ruptured plaque, but this is rare and only accounts for about 5% of all heart attacks. This kind of heart attack can occur for the following reasons: Coronary artery spasm, Rare medical conditions, like any disease that causes unusual narrowing of blood vessels, Trauma that causes tears or ruptures in your coronary arteries, An obstruction that comes from somewhere else in your body, like a blood clot or air bubble (embolism) that ends up in a coronary artery, Eating disorders, which, over time, can damage your heart and ultimately result in a heart attack, Anomalous coronary arteries (a heart issue youre born with where the coronary arteries are in abnormal positions), Other conditions that can cause your heart not to receive as much blood as it should for a prolonged period of time, such as when blood pressure is too low, oxygen is too low or your heart rate is too fast.

• #15 Heart Attack – Causes and Risk Factors | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-attack/causes

  A sudden and serious spasm (tightening) of your coronary artery can block blood flow through your artery, even if there isn’t a buildup of plaque. […] A coronary artery embolism occurs when a blood clot travels through your bloodstream and gets stuck in your coronary artery. This can block blood flow through your artery. […] Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) occurs when a tear forms inside your coronary artery. A blood clot can then form at the tear, or the torn tissue itself can block your artery. […] Certain risk factors make it more likely that you will develop coronary artery disease and have a heart attack. […] If you have three or more of these conditions that raise your risk for heart disease, it is called metabolic syndrome. This greatly increases your risk of a heart attack.

• #16 Heart Attack: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/heart-disease-heart-attacks

  When the plaque is hard, the outer shell cracks. This is called a rupture. Platelets (disc-shaped cells in your blood that help it clot) come to the area, and blood clots form around the plaque. If a blood clot blocks your artery, your heart muscle becomes starved for oxygen. The muscle cells soon die, causing permanent damage. […] Rarely, a spasm in your coronary artery can also cause a heart attack. During this coronary spasm, your arteries restrict or spasm on and off, cutting off the blood supply to your heart muscle (ischemia). It can happen while you’re at rest and even if you don’t have serious coronary artery disease. […] Anomalous coronary arteries can also lead to a heart attack. This heart condition is one you have from birth, where the blood vessels that supply your heart are in unusual positions. Sometimes, these abnormal arteries can get squeezed or compressed, which can lead to a heart attack.

• #17 What is a heart attack: Causes and symptoms

  https://www.cvs.com/learn/health/heart-health/what-is-a-heart-attack

  While most heart attacks are caused by coronary artery disease, a heart attack can also be brought on by less common conditions: Lack of oxygen (hypoxia): If the lungs can’t function properly, oxygen in the blood decreases, which can damage heart muscles and cause a heart attack. […] Coronary artery spasm: When muscles around the arteries tighten unexpectedly, a blockage can occur. […] Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD): In rare cases, an artery wall can tear, leading to a restriction in blood flow. […] Infection. Certain infections, including COVID-19, can cause inflammation in the arteries and increase the risk of heart attack.

• #18 Heart attack – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/heart-attack

  Most heart attacks are caused by coronary heart disease (CHD). […] CHD causes your coronary arteries to become narrowed by a gradual build-up of fatty deposits called atheroma. […] If a piece of atheroma breaks off, a blood clot forms around this to try and repair the damage to the artery wall. This clot can block your coronary artery, causing your heart muscle to be starved of blood and oxygen. […] Other less common causes of a heart attack include: spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) which is when a tear appears in the wall of one of your coronary arteries, using harmful drugs like cocaine and amphetamines (speed), and hypoxia (a sudden drop in oxygen levels in the body).

• #19 Causes | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/heart-attack/causes.html

  A stent in a coronary artery can also become blocked. This can cause a heart attack. The stent might become narrow again if scar tissue grows after the stent is placed. And a blood clot could get stuck in the stent and block blood flow to the heart. […] In rare cases, the coronary artery spasms and contracts, causing heart attack symptoms. If severe, the spasm can completely block blood flow and cause a heart attack. […] Another rare cause of heart attack can be a sudden tear in the coronary artery, or spontaneous coronary artery dissection. In this case, the coronary artery tears without a known cause. […] In most cases, there are no clear reasons why heart attacks occur when they do. But when you have intense emotions such as anger, fear, and the „fight or flight” impulse, your body may release adrenaline and other hormones into the bloodstream. Adrenaline increases blood pressure and heart rate and can cause coronary arteries to constrict, which may cause an unstable plaque to rupture. Heavy physical exercise, emotional stress, lack of sleep, and overeating can also trigger the release of these hormones.

• #20 What Causes a Heart Attack? | YourCareEverywhere

  https://yourcareeverywhere.com/health-research/health-insights/heart-care-insights/what-causes-a-heart-attack-.html

  If you are obese and have high blood pressure and high blood sugar, you have whats called metabolic syndrome, and you are twice as likely to develop heart disease. […] Sometimes we dont know for sure what causes a heart attack. A heart artery can go into a severe spasm, tightening up enough to block blow flow. This can happen in both clear arteries and those blocked by plaque. Cocaine, cigarette smoking, emotional stress, and extreme cold are all possible triggers. […] Another unusual kind of heart attack, sometimes called broken heart syndrome, is takotsubo cardiomyopathy. […] Lung problems or infections are the most common trigger. The next most likely is intense physical or emotional stress. […] In a large multi-nation study of this kind of attack, the trigger wasnt identified in more than 28 percent of patients.

• #21 Causes and Risk Factors of Heart Attacks

  https://www.health.com/heart-attack-causes-8691194

  When a blood clot travels from elsewhere in the body and lodges in a coronary artery, it can obstruct blood flow and trigger a heart attack. Several conditions can increase your risk of developing blood clots in the heart. […] While less common, you may experience a heart attack if you develop spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD). This is a sudden tear that forms in the lining of a coronary artery, which causes blood to accumulate in between layers of the artery wall. […] A coronary spasm is a sudden and temporary spasm or the narrowing of the coronary artery. Ths spasm usually goes away on its own, but spasms that are severe or last long enough can cause a heart attack. […] Over the past few decades, researchers have recognized problems with this microvascular circulation, known as coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), as a possible cause of heart attack.

• #22 Heart Attack: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment – Heart Foundation NZ

  https://www.heartfoundation.org.nz/your-heart/heart-conditions/about-heart-attacks

  A heart attack happens when blood stops flowing to part of your heart muscle. […] A blockage in one of your coronary arteries can cause a heart attack. […] Coronary artery disease (also called atherosclerosis) is a common cause of a heart attack. This is when deposits of fat and other substances build up in the inner lining of an artery. This build-up is called atheroma or plaque. If one of the plaques crack, a blood clot will form which can block the artery and cause a heart attack. […] A less common cause of heart attack is spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), a condition where one or more of the coronary arteries tear. […] There is a lot we dont understand about what contributes to causing a heart attack, but people who have a family history of heart attack or heart disease are more likely to have a heart attack themselves.

• #23 Heart Attack: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/heart-attack

  Partial blockage – Occurs when blood flow to the heart is severely reduced due to a partial but severe blockage within an artery. […] Coronary artery spasm – Does not involve blockage. Rather, this occurs when the muscle that lines the arteries squeezes and prevents blood flow to the heart. […] Obstructions from other parts of the body – A blood clot or air bubble can travel from a different part of the body to the coronary arteries. Getting trapped in the artery can deprive the heart of blood and oxygen, leading to a heart attack. […] Certain medical conditions – Infections that cause damage to the heart muscle, such as COVID-19 and certain viral infections, can cause heart attacks. Also, rare medical conditions could lead to a heart attack, including vascular diseases that cause the blood vessels to narrow over time. […] Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) – An uncommon condition that causes the wall of a coronary artery to spontaneously tear, cutting off the heart’s blood supply. […] Trauma – Causes tears of the coronary arteries.

• #24 What is a Heart Attack? | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/about-heart-attacks

  Another rare cause of heart attack is spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD). This is a sudden tearing of the coronary artery wall. […] A heart attack is when blood flow to the heart is blocked. It’s a circulation problem. […] A heart attack can cause ventricular fibrillation, which can cause sudden cardiac arrest.

• #25 Heart Attack Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors and Diagnosis at Emory Heart & Vascular

  https://www.emoryhealthcare.org/services/heart-vascular/conditions/heart-attack

  Heart attacks can also occur for other reasons: Anomalous coronary arteries: Arteries are in abnormal positions and can get squeezed or compressed. […] Coronary artery embolism: A clot lodges in a coronary artery. […] Injuries to the coronary arteries: Tears in the arteries or spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) can interrupt blood flow. […] Spasms in the coronary arteries: Restrict blood flow and cut off blood supply.

• #26 What Causes a Heart Attack? Risk Factors and Prevention

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-causes-a-heart-attack-8379754

  Most heart attacks are caused by coronary heart disease, also called coronary artery disease. […] Atherosclerosis leads to coronary heart disease. In atherosclerosis, plaque accumulates inside the arteries. Cholesterol, fat, calcium, and inflammatory blood cells form the plaque. […] Plaques can rupture, leading to the formation of blood clots. If the blood clot is big enough, it can partially or completely block blood flow to the heart, causing a heart attack. […] In addition to coronary heart disease, a condition called MINOCA, short for myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries, can also cause a heart attack. […] MINOCA can have several causes: Plaque buildup that causes erosion rather than a disruption in an artery. […] A coronary artery embolism is when a blood clot goes through the bloodstream and gets stuck in a coronary artery, blocking blood flow.

• #27 Heart Attack: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Prevention, More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-attack

  Heart attacks also called myocardial infarctions are very common in the United States. […] The leading cause of heart attacks is coronary heart disease. This is where plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. The general buildup of plaque in the arteries is also known as atherosclerosis. […] Other causes of heart attacks include: torn blood vessels, blood vessel spasms, drug misuse, hypoxia, lack of oxygen in the blood. […] There are two main types of heart attack. Type I heart attacks are where plaque on the inner wall of the artery ruptures and releases cholesterol and other substances into the bloodstream. This can then form a blood clot and block the artery. In type II heart attacks the heart does not receive as much oxygen-rich blood as it needs, but there is not a complete blockage of an artery.

• #28

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/heart-attack/causes/

  Heart attacks are caused by the blood supply to the heart being suddenly interrupted. Without this supply, heart muscles may be damaged and begin to die. […] Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of heart attacks. CHD is a condition where the coronary arteries get clogged up. They get blocked by deposits of cholesterol. […] Before a heart attack, one of the plaques bursts. This causes a blood clot to develop at the site of the rupture. The clot may block the supply of blood to the heart, triggering a heart attack. […] Stimulants can cause coronary arteries to narrow. […] If the coronary arteries narrow, it restricts blood supply. This can trigger a heart attack. […] If this happens, the heart will receive unoxygenated blood. This will damage the heart muscles, and this damage will trigger a heart attack.

• #29 Heart attack – symptoms, signs, complications and treatments | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/heart-attack

  Risk factors you can’t change include: age as you get older, your risk of a heart attack increases, sex males are more likely to have heart attacks than females, family history if heart disease runs in your family, your chances of having a heart attack are higher. […] Risk factors you can change or manage include: smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure, not getting enough physical activity, living with obesity or overweight, eating an unhealthy diet high in saturated fats, salt and sugar. […] Other health conditions can increase your chance of having a heart attack, such as hyperthyroidism and severe anaemia. Getting the flu or COVID-19 can also lead to a heart attack.

• #30 Myocardial infarction – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarction

  The most common cause of a myocardial infarction is the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque on an artery supplying heart muscle. […] A myocardial infarction may result from a heart with a limited blood supply subject to increased oxygen demands, such as in fever, a fast heart rate, hyperthyroidism, too few red blood cells in the bloodstream, or low blood pressure. […] Atherosclerotic disease is not the only cause of myocardial infarction, but it may exacerbate or contribute to other causes. […] In people without evident coronary artery disease, possible causes for the myocardial infarction are coronary spasm or coronary artery dissection.

• #31 Understand Your Risks to Prevent a Heart Attack | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/understand-your-risks-to-prevent-a-heart-attack

  It’s important to know your risk factors for a heart attack. […] Risk factors are traits and lifestyle habits that can increase your chance of having a heart attack. […] Risk factors for heart attack include: Smoking, High blood pressure, High cholesterol, Diabetes, Overweight or obesity, Family history of early atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, Metabolic syndrome, Chronic kidney disease, Chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and HIV/AIDS, History of preeclampsia or early menopause, High-risk ethnicity such as South Asian ancestry, Higher than normal triglycerides, ankle-brachial index and other lab tests. […] Some risk factors can be changed and some can’t. […] Most people who die of coronary heart disease are 65 or older. […] Men have a greater risk of heart attack than women.

• #32 Heart Attack Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/heart-attack/guide/causes/

  Less commonly, a heart attack may be caused by a severe spasm, or tightening, of a coronary artery. […] While it isn’t always clear what causes a coronary artery spasm, risk factors include smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels. […] Your risk of having a heart attack increases as you get older, no matter how healthy you are. […] Heart attack risk begins to rise substantially for men after age 45, and for women after age 55. […] Men are at greater risk for a heart attack earlier in life than women. […] Having a close family member (parent or sibling) with heart disease means that you may be more likely to develop the disease. […] Your risk of heart attack may be substantially higher if a close relative has had an early heart attack, before age 55 for men or age 65 for women.

• #33

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/heart-vascular/conditions/heart-attack

  A heart attack, sometimes called a myocardial infarction, happens when blood is prevented from reaching your heart through one or both coronary arteries. The coronary arteries are the main blood vessels that supply your heart with oxygen-rich blood. Without enough oxygen, the heart muscle can be damaged or killed. […] There are several health conditions that can slow or stop blood flow to your heart and lead to a heart attack. These causes of heart attack can include: Blood clots, which are the cause of most heart attacks, can block the coronary artery. Plaque may form blockages if you have coronary artery disease or atherosclerosis. Coronary artery spasm, or sudden tightening, in one of your coronary arteries can trigger a heart attack if it lasts long enough. […] Certain factors can increase your risk of heart attack. Some you cant control, such as: Gender: Men are more likely to have a heart attack than women. Age: Men age 45 or older and women age 55 or older are more likely to have a heart attack. Family history of heart disease. […] You may be able to control other risk factors for heart attack. Talk with your doctor about managing: Smoking or tobacco use, High cholesterol, High blood pressure, Physical inactivity, Obesity, Stress, Diabetes, Drug and alcohol abuse.

• #34 Heart attack | Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/heart-attack

  heart attack, death of a section of the myocardium, the muscle of the heart, caused by an interruption of blood flow to the area. A heart attack results from obstruction of the coronary arteries. The most common cause is a blood clot (thrombus) that lodges in an area of a coronary artery thickened with cholesterol-containing plaque due to atherosclerosis. […] Factors that contribute to the risk of atherosclerosis include high blood pressure (hypertension), diabetes mellitus, increased blood levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, smoking, and a family history of the disease. Particularly vulnerable to atherosclerosis are middle-aged men and individuals with the hereditary disease hypercholesterolemia. […] In the early 21st century, heart attacks were becoming increasingly common among women under age 55. Although the reason for this increase was unclear, increased rates of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity in women likely played a role.

• #35 Causes and Risk Factors of Heart Attacks

  https://www.health.com/heart-attack-causes-8691194

  Many risk factors for heart attacks are hereditary, meaning your parents can pass them to you. If you have a family history of heart attack at a young age in your family, such as family members with a heart attack younger than 50 years, you are at increased risk of experiencing a heart attack, too. […] Certain genetic conditions, like familial hypercholesterolemia, lead to abnormal cholesterol levels, which can also increase the risk of heart attacks significantly. […] A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart becomes blocked. The most common cause is atherosclerosis, but other conditions like a blood clot, spasm, or tear in your coronary arteries can also trigger a heart attack.

• #36 Understand Your Risks to Prevent a Heart Attack | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/understand-your-risks-to-prevent-a-heart-attack

  Children of parents with heart disease are more likely to develop heart disease. […] Tobacco use is a major risk factor for heart attack and stroke. […] High blood pressure increases the heart’s workload, causing the heart muscle to thicken and become stiffer. […] An inactive lifestyle is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. […] People who have too much body fat, especially at the waist, are more likely to develop heart disease and stroke, even if they have no other risk factors. […] Diabetes greatly increases your risk of developing cardiovascular disease. […] Individual response to stress may be a contributing factor for heart attacks. […] A healthy diet is one of the best ways to fight cardiovascular disease.

• #37 Heart Attack Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/heart-attack/guide/causes/

  Heart disease risk is higher in African-Americans than in white Americans. […] Preeclampsia doesn’t just affect your risk during pregnancy, but is associated with an increased lifetime risk of heart disease including heart failure, coronary artery disease, and heart attack. […] People who smoke are 2 to 4 times more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases than nonsmokers and 2 to 3 times as likely to die from it. […] Smoking may raise women’s heart attack risk more than men’s. […] As blood cholesterol rises, so does your risk of heart disease. […] High blood pressure makes your heart work harder and may cause the heart muscle to not work properly over time, increasing your heart attack risk. […] Inactivity is a major risk factor for heart disease, and regular exercise can greatly lower your risk.

• #38 Heart Attack – What are the causes? – Modern Heart and Vasculararrow-icon-size3

  https://www.modernheartandvascular.com/what-are-the-causes-of-a-heart-attack/

  Uncontrolled high blood sugar, commonly observed in people suffering from diabetes, can lead to severe damage of the blood vessels and cause heart attacks. […] In case if there is a family history of getting heart attacks, risks can increase a lot. […] Members of certain races such as African Americans, Mexican Americans, Native Americans, and native Hawaiians are more prone to heart attacks. […] Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors lead to an increased risk of heart attacks. […] Chronic stress and intense emotional suffering can damage the heart. […] Obesity is one of the largest risks of suffering from heart attacks. […] Though heart attack is common among males, it is the number one leading cause of death for American women in their category. […] Less common other causes of heart attacks include severe spasms or tightening of a coronary artery.

• #39 Acute Heart Attack – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment | Apollo Hospitals

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/acute-heart-attack-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Heart Attack, technically termed Myocardial Infarction, is a result of total blockage of the blood vessel (coronary artery) which supplies blood to the heart. The blockage is due to the formation of plug composed of cholesterol, blood cells, fibrin and calcium. […] Major risk factors are those that research has shown significantly increase the risk of heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease. […] The American Heart Association has identified several risk factors. Some of them can be modified, treated or controlled, and some cant. […] Smokers risk of developing coronary heart disease is 24 times that of nonsmokers. […] As blood cholesterol rises, so does risk of coronary heart disease. […] High blood pressure increases the hearts workload, causing the heart to thicken and become stiffer.

• #40 Common Causes of a Heart Attack

  https://cprcertificationnow.com/blogs/mycpr-now-blog/common-causes-of-a-heart-attack?srsltid=AfmBOopLRezqrSHk4h8Ix-EIEOXowD4S7G16bE-sqpffPphCEoOsKtP6

  Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the inner lining of blood vessels, making them more susceptible to plaque buildup and blood clots. […] Elevated levels of LDL cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein) contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of a heart attack. […] Diabetes can accelerate the development of atherosclerosis, increasing the risk of heart attacks. […] Smoking damages blood vessels and promotes the development of atherosclerosis, significantly increasing the risk of heart attacks. […] Excess body weight and a sedentary lifestyle are risk factors for various heart conditions, including heart attacks. […] A family history of heart disease can increase an individual’s risk of experiencing a heart attack. […] Men over the age of 45 and women over the age of 55 are at higher risk of heart attacks.

• #41 Heart Attack – What are the causes? – Modern Heart and Vasculararrow-icon-size3

  https://www.modernheartandvascular.com/what-are-the-causes-of-a-heart-attack/

  What Are The Causes of a Heart Attack? […] Heart Attack, also known as myocardial infarctions (MI), occur through blockage to the blood supply of the heart, essentially depriving it of oxygen. […] A heart attack is when a part of the heart muscle is injured or it dies of deprivation of sufficient supply of oxygen. […] Coronary artery disease is the major cause of a heart attack, as with atherosclerosis, the deposition of plaque inside the arteries is possible. […] Smoking is among the leading risk factors for heart attacks. […] Individuals with diabetes face a higher risk of experiencing a heart attack. […] This kind of blood cholesterol can build up plaque on the walls of arteries, narrowing them and therefore reducing the flow to the heart. […] Chronic high blood pressure over time, also called hypertension, can do quite a bit of damage to both the heart and blood vessels.

• #42 Heart Attack: Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors & Treatments | Myocardial Infarction

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/heart-attack/heart-attack

  A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, happens when the heart tissue does not receive enough oxygen. This lack of oxygen causes serious damage (infarction) to the heart muscle (myocardium) and its ability to function effectively. Coronary artery disease, more commonly referred to as atherosclerotic heart disease, is the most common cause of heart attack and the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States. […] Heart attacks are caused by a buildup of plaque and inflammation in the coronary arteries. This is atherosclerosis. Plaque buildup and inflammation occur over many years and the process itself does not cause symptoms. But with time, plaque narrows the coronary arteries, reducing the amount of oxygen-rich blood that reaches the heart muscle. When the heart is not receiving enough oxygen-rich blood, you may experience angina, a type of serious chest pain. Angina is an important warning sign that the heart may be starved of oxygen.

• #43 Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction): Symptoms, Causes, & Preventions | Max Hospital

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/heart-attack-symptoms-and-causes

  Heart attacks are a leading cause of death worldwide, and the same can be said about India. […] Given the growing concern of heart attacks, it has become more important than ever to understand their causes, recognize symptoms, and adopt preventive measures to keep this life threatening dysfunction at bay. […] A heart attack occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked, usually by a blood clot. Here are the primary causes: […] Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): The most common cause, where plaque (a mixture of fat, cholesterol, and other substances) builds up in the coronary arteries, narrowing them and restricting blood flow to the heart. […] High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): Increases the heart’s workload and accelerates the buildup of plaque in the arteries. […] High Cholesterol Levels: Elevated LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol can lead to plaque formation in the arteries.

• #44 Heart Attack Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/heart-attack/guide/causes/

  People with excess body fat are more likely to develop heart disease. […] At least 68 percent of people with diabetes over age 65 die of heart disease. […] If you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, it’s extremely important to work with your doctors to manage your blood glucose levels and reduce other heart attack risk factors. […] Drinking heavily can raise your blood pressure and contribute to high triglyceride levels. […] A heart-healthy diet includes a variety of nutrient-rich foods with an emphasis on fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, as well as legumes, poultry, fish, nuts and seeds, and low-fat dairy products.

• #45 Acute Heart Attack – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment | Apollo Hospitals

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/acute-heart-attack-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/

  An inactive lifestyle is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. […] People who have excess body fat especially if a lot of it is at the waist are more likely to develop heart disease and stroke even if they have no other risk factors. […] Diabetes seriously increases your risk of developing cardiovascular disease. […] Individual response to stress may be a contributing factor. […] Extensive clinical and statistical studies have identified several factors that increase the risk of coronary heart disease and heart attack.

• #46 Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction): Symptoms, Causes, & Preventions | Max Hospital

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/heart-attack-symptoms-and-causes

  Diabetes: Damages blood vessels and nerves controlling the heart, increasing the risk of plaque buildup. […] Smoking: Damages the lining of the arteries, promoting the development of plaque and increasing the likelihood of blood clots. […] Obesity: Associated with high blood pressure, diabetes, and unhealthy cholesterol levels, all of which raise the risk of heart attacks. […] Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity can contribute to obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. […] Unhealthy Diet: Diets high in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, and sodium can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries. […] Family History: A family history of heart disease increases an individual’s risk of heart attacks. […] Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to heart disease and trigger a heart attack.

• #47

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases

  CVDs are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease and other conditions. […] More than four out of five CVD deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes, and one third of these deaths occur prematurely in people under 70 years of age. […] The most important behavioural risk factors of heart disease and stroke are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol. […] These intermediate risks factors can be measured in primary care facilities and indicate an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, heart failure and other complications. […] Cessation of tobacco use, reduction of salt in the diet, eating more fruit and vegetables, regular physical activity and avoiding harmful use of alcohol have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

• #48 Common Causes of a Heart Attack

  https://cprcertificationnow.com/blogs/mycpr-now-blog/common-causes-of-a-heart-attack?srsltid=AfmBOopLRezqrSHk4h8Ix-EIEOXowD4S7G16bE-sqpffPphCEoOsKtP6

  Chronic stress can trigger the release of hormones that can strain the heart and increase the risk of heart attacks. […] Heavy alcohol consumption can raise blood pressure and contribute to heart muscle damage. […] Certain illegal drugs, such as cocaine, can cause coronary artery spasms and increase the risk of heart attacks.

• #49 Patient_awareness_page

  https://www.merillife.com/patients-caregivers/heart-coronary-diseases/heart-attack

  There is a lot we dont understand about what contributes to causing a heart attack, but people who have a family history of heart attack or heart disease are more likely to have a heart attack themselves. […] Heart attack risk factors include: Menage 45 or older and women age 55 or older are more likely to have a heart attack than are younger men and women. […] Illicit drug use. Using stimulant drugs, such as cocaine or amphetamines, can trigger a spasm of your coronary arteries that can cause a heart attack.

• #50 Myocardial Infarction: Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors and Prevention

  https://artemiscardiac.com/blog/identifying-myocardial-infarction-symptoms-recognizing-signs-of-a-heart-attack

  Occasionally, plaque buildup within the coronary (heart) arteries may burst or rupture, leaving a blood clot lodged where the rupture occurred. A heart attack may result from the clot obstructing the artery, which would deprive the heart muscle of blood. […] Although it is uncommon and only makes up about 5% of heart attacks, heart attacks can also occur without a blockage. […] Various factors influence your risk of experiencing a heart attack, and unfortunately, some of these risk factors are beyond your control: […] Specific medical conditions put undue strain on the heart and raise the possibility of a heart attack. This includes having a history of preeclampsia, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or eating disorders.

• #51 What is the difference between heart failure and a heart attack?

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/heart-attack-vs-heart-failure

  Many factors can contribute to heart failure. Typically, it is due to other medical conditions that overwork the heart or an injury or infection that damages the heart. […] Reduced ejection fraction, also known as systolic heart failure, occurs when the heart cannot contract effectively. This may be due to underlying conditions that weaken or damage the heart, including CAD. […] Preserved ejection fraction, also known as diastolic heart failure, occurs when the heart is too stiff to fully contract. This means it cannot fill up with enough blood, so it pumps less out to the body. This may be due to high blood pressure, obesity, or diabetes.

• #52 Unexpected Heart Attack Triggers

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/ss/slideshow-unexpected-heart-attack-triggers

  Strong Emotions, Negative or Positive: Anger, grief, and stress are known triggers of heart problems, but joyful events can sometimes lead to a heart attack as well. […] Sudden or Intense Exertion: About 6% of heart attacks are triggered by extreme physical effort. […] A Cold or the Flu: When your immune system fights off a bug, it can cause inflammation that can damage your heart and arteries. In one study, people with respiratory infections were twice as likely to have a heart attack. […] Asthma: Your chances of having a heart attack go up about 70% if you have this lung disease. […] Getting Out of Bed in the Morning: Heart attacks are more common in the morning. […] Disasters: Studies have shown that heart attack rates go up after major disasters like earthquakes or terrorist attacks.

• #53 What does a heart attack feel like: symptoms and warning signs • HRI

  https://www.hri.org.au/health/learn/cardiovascular-disease/heart-attack-causes-and-warning-signs

  A heart attack occurs when the heart is deprived of oxygen due to a blockage in one of the coronary arteries that supplies blood to the heart. […] The most common cause of heart attack is coronary heart disease, or coronary artery disease, where the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart are blocked. […] Blockages can occur when fat, cholesterol and other substances build up and form a plaque in the arteries, in a process known as atherosclerosis. […] Other causes of heart attack include coronary artery spasms. If a coronary artery has a spasm, this can reduce or stop blood flow to the heart. […] COVID-19 infection can also cause blood clots that can damage the heart and lead to a heart attack.

• #54 Unexpected Heart Attack Triggers

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/ss/slideshow-unexpected-heart-attack-triggers

  Lack of Sleep: You’ll feel grumpy and tired if you don’t get enough sleep on a regular basis, but it can raise your risk of a heart attack, too. In one study, researchers found that people who usually slept fewer than 6 hours a night were twice as likely to have a heart attack as those who slept 6 to 8. […] Migraine Headaches: People who get these are more likely to have a heart attack later in life than those who don’t. […] Air Pollution and Car Exhaust: Heart attacks are more common when air pollution levels are high. People who breathe dirty air on a regular basis are more likely to have clogged arteries and heart disease. […] A Big, Heavy Meal: When you eat large amounts of food in one sitting, it leads to higher levels of the stress hormone norepinephrine in your body. That can raise your blood pressure and heart rate, and it may trigger heart attacks in some people.

• #55 Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction): Signs, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/heart_attack/article.htm

  A myocardial infarction or heart attack occurs when the sudden blockage of a coronary artery, usually because of blood clot, causes damage and death to heart muscle. […] Atherosclerosis, also called hardening of the arteries, is a gradual process where fats and cholesterol build up inside and on the walls of an artery. […] Plaque that builds up in the arteries of the heart can lead to heart attack. […] When the surface of a cholesterol plaque in a coronary artery ruptures, a blood clot may form on its surface, completely blocking the flow of blood in the artery beyond the clot. […] A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is significantly reduced or blocked for a prolonged period. […] The goal is to open the blocked coronary artery and return blood supply to the heart muscle and limit any potential damage or complication.

• #56 Heart Attack: Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors & Treatments | Myocardial Infarction

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/heart-attack/heart-attack

  Arteries narrowed by atherosclerosis are more likely to develop blood clots that completely block blood flow to the heart muscle, resulting in a heart attack. If the blood and oxygen supply is cut off severely or for a long period of time, the affected section of the heart muscle dies. The result is loss of function to the heart muscle in the area affected by the lack of oxygen. The sooner heart attack diagnosis and treatment occur, the more heart muscle you can save.

• #57 Heart attack | Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/heart-attack

  The prognosis for patients who survive a heart attack depends largely on the degree of injury to the heart and the associated decline in heart function. Reduced heart function following an attack is caused by the formation of scar tissue that interferes with the normal electrical activity of the heart, leading to reduced heart muscle contractility, progressive weakening of the heart, and heart failure.

• #58 Heart Attack | University of Ottawa Heart Institute

  https://www.ottawaheart.ca/heart-condition/heart-attack

  If the coronary artery is only partially blocked by clots, blood flow decreases but does not stop. Only part of the heart muscle is damaged and ST-segment elevation is not seen on the ECG. […] For non-STEMI heart attacks, initial treatment focuses on preventing the constricted artery from becoming completely blocked.

• #59 Heart Attack FAQs | Cardiology Support | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/services/cardiology/support/faqs

  When you have a heart attack, it means that heart muscle is being deprived of oxygen. […] This causes damage to the muscle, which can in turn affect how well your heart is able to pump blood. […] However, heart muscle can heal, and in some cases the muscle is not damaged enough to affect pumping. […] In others, the muscle damage can lead to the development of scar tissue on your heart that affects pumping function. […] The severity of the heart attack […] The size and location of any scar tissue that develops during the heart attack […] Yes. If the blockage in one or more of your coronary arteries has advanced to the point where it causes a heart attack, it means that youll need to take some steps to help reduce the risk of having another one. […] Each heart attack case is different, and your care team will develop a detailed treatment plan. […] But in general, these steps include: […] Taking any medications from your doctor, as prescribed […] Making lifestyle changes […] Controlling any related medical conditions, such as diabetes.

• #60 Dr Martyn Thomas on heart attacks: causes, symptoms and effects – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/medical/focus-on-heart-attacks

  Coronary heart disease (CHD) causes most heart attacks. CHD is a condition where the inside of one or more of the coronary arteries becomes narrowed because fatty deposits called atheroma have built up within the artery walls. […] The blood clot can block (fully or partially) the coronary artery, causing part of the heart muscle to be starved of blood. This is what we call a heart attack. […] Medication is very important and people whove had a heart attack need to take some medicines from each of these four groups: aspirin, beta blockers, either ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and statins. […] The main reasons for taking the medicines are to help prevent another heart attack, treat angina and help strengthen the pumping action of your heart and reduce the risk of heart failure. […] If a heart attack causes a significant amount of heart muscle damage (this can happen if help is not sought quickly) then the pumping action of the heart can be affected and the person can develop heart failure.

• #61 Causes and Risk Factors of Heart Disease

  https://www.health.com/heart-disease-causes-7094403

  There is one primary suspect for CAD and similar heart conditions: plaque build-up. Plaque is a fatty and waxy substance that is made up of cholesterol, calcium, and other minerals. When plaque begins to grow in your hearts arteries (blood vessels), it can restrict blood flow and block oxygen from going to and from the heart. […] High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking are the most common contributors to plaque buildup in your heart. […] Diabetes occurs when your pancreas cannot produce enough insulina hormone that helps your body turn glucose (or, sugar) into energy. As a result, too much glucose in your body for long periods of time can lead to significant organ damage, including problems with your heart and its arteries. […] People who have a kidney disease diagnosis are also at an increased risk for developing heart disease.

• #62 Heart Disease Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/causes-risks

  The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases estimates that people with type 2 diabetes and especially those who have reached middle age are twice as likely to have heart disease or experience a stroke as people who don’t have diabetes. […] Depression can lead to a number of changes in your body that can increase your chance of developing heart disease or having a heart attack. […] Though genetic factors can increase your chance of developing heart disease, unhealthy lifestyle choices play a big role. […] Some unhealthy lifestyle choices that can contribute to heart disease include: living a sedentary lifestyle and not getting enough physical exercise, eating an unhealthy diet that’s high in fat proteins, trans fats, sugary foods, and sodium, smoking, alcohol misuse, staying in a high-stress environment without proper stress management techniques, not managing your diabetes.

• #63 Causes and Risk Factors of Heart Disease

  https://www.health.com/heart-disease-causes-7094403

  Autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohns disease, or lupus cause inflammation in your body. If these conditions progress, inflammation can reach the heart and affect the functioning of your blood vessels. […] The primary damage to your arteries function is plaque build-up. Plaque can develop because of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking. Other conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, and autoimmune diseases can also raise your risk of heart disease.

• #64 Heart Attack | The Texas Heart Institute®

  https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-attack/

  A clot that forms at the site of “soft” plaque on the inside of the artery. This plaque, which has a thin covering over it, is called vulnerable plaque. When vulnerable plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form, blocking the artery. […] A condition called coronary artery spasm, which involves a coronary artery going into spasm and narrowing. Because of this narrowing, less or no blood can reach parts of the heart muscle. It can happen in arteries with or without signs of plaque buildup.

• #65 Heart attack: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/151444

  A heart attack occurs when there is a loss of blood supply to part of the heart muscle, often due to a blockage in a nearby artery. […] The most common cause of a heart attack is a complete or partial blockage in one of the arteries near the heart. […] This can result from coronary heart disease, in which plaque made up of cholesterol and other substances collects in the arteries, narrowing them. Over time, this can obstruct the flow of blood. […] Less common causes include: coronary artery spasms, blood clots, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, the misuse of drugs, such as cocaine, which causes the blood vessels to narrow. […] Often, a heart attack results from a combination of factors. […] People with high blood pressure or a history of heart disease or cardiovascular disease also have an increased risk of a heart attack.

• #66 Heart Attack – Causes and Risk Factors | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-attack/causes

  You can lower your risk of a heart attack by changing behaviors that can raise your risks or treating any known coronary artery disease. Healthy lifestyle changes, including heart-healthy eating, staying active, quitting smoking, managing stress, and maintaining a healthy weight, can help prevent heart disease. Even if you already have coronary artery disease, these changes can lower your risk of a heart attack.

• #67

• #68 Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction): Symptoms, Causes, & Preventions | Max Hospital

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/heart-attack-symptoms-and-causes

  Age and Gender: The risk increases with age, and men over 45 and women over 55 are at higher risk. […] Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Can raise blood pressure and contribute to heart disease. […] Understanding and managing these risk factors through lifestyle changes, medications, and regular medical check-ups can significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and improve overall heart health.

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