Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Complicated grief – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/complicated-grief/symptoms-causes/syc-20360374

  Losing a loved one is one of the most distressing and, unfortunately, common experiences people face. […] For some people, feelings of loss are debilitating and don’t improve even after time passes. This is known as complicated grief, sometimes called persistent complex bereavement disorder. In complicated grief, painful emotions are so long lasting and severe that you have trouble recovering from the loss and resuming your own life. […] But if you’re unable to move through these stages more than a year after the death of a loved one, you may have complicated grief. If so, seek treatment. It can help you come to terms with your loss and reclaim a sense of acceptance and peace. […] Complicated grief is like being in an ongoing, heightened state of mourning that keeps you from healing.

• #2 Complicated Grief: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24951-complicated-grief

  Complicated grief is experiencing symptoms of grief that continue for a year after a loss. You may feel intense emotions or have trouble accepting the loss. Complicated grief can affect your physical health, interpersonal relationships and daily responsibilities. Cognitive behavioral therapy treats complicated grief. […] Complicated grief is long-lasting grief that occurs after a loss. It causes intense emotions and consuming thoughts that dont fade over time and can affect your daily life. […] Complicated grief affects an estimated 7% of all adults who experience grief. Complicated grief or prolonged grief disorder is a relatively new addition to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), so research is ongoing to learn more about it. […] Complicated grief can affect you mentally and physically. Complicated grief can cause long-term physical and mental health concerns that could include: Depression. Anxiety. Malnutrition or dehydration. Post-traumatic stress disorder. Heart disease. High blood pressure. Substance use disorder or alcohol use disorder.

• #3 17.2 Basic Concepts – Nursing Fundamentals 2e

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/17-2-basic-concepts/

  Complicated grief occurs when there is interference in the grieving process leading to a prolonged, more intense grieving. […] Complicated grieving can cause significant distress, impaired functioning, and suicidal thinking. […] Complicated grief may require professional assistance depending on its severity. […] Factors that contribute to complicated grief in older adults include lack of a support network, concurrent losses, poor coping skills, and loneliness. […] Complicated grief is seen in 10-20% of individuals experiencing the death of a romantic partner and with higher estimates for parents who have lost a child. […] According to the ELNEC, there are four types of complicated grief, including chronic grief, delayed grief, exaggerated grief, and masked grief. […] Risk factors for developing complicated grief include sudden or traumatic death, suicide, homicide, a dependent relationship with the deceased, chronic illness, death of a child, multiple losses, unresolved grief from prior losses, concurrent stressors, witnessing a difficult dying process such as pain and suffering, lack of support systems, and lack of a faith system.

• #4 When Grief is Complicated – Hospice Foundation of America

  https://hospicefoundation.org/hfa-product/when-grief-is-complicated/

  While most individuals experiencing loss face grief, most grievers can cope with loss and subsequent grief in ways defined by their culture as appropriate and can fulfill, after brief and intermittent impairment, their social and workplace roles. […] However, research shows that between 10 and 20 percent of individuals who experience loss experience more disabling reactions, including Complicated Grief or other conditions triggered by the loss, such as PTSD, Major Depressive Disorder, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Adjustment Disorder, or substance abuse. […] Complicated Grief reactions may also be a factor in physical illness. […] This program looks at how to identify disabling grief reactions and when referrals to specially trained clinicians or professionals may be indicated and necessary.

• #5 Complicated grief – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/complicated-grief/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360389

  Grieving is a highly individual process for each person, and determining when normal grief becomes complicated grief can be difficult. […] Complicated grief may be considered when the intensity of grief has not decreased in the months after your loved one’s death. […] Some mental health professionals diagnose complicated grief when grieving continues to be intense, persistent and debilitating beyond 12 months. […] Complicated grief is often treated with a type of psychotherapy called complicated grief therapy. […] This treatment can be effective when done individually or in a group format. […] Other types of psychotherapy can help you address other mental health conditions, such as depression or PTSD, which can occur along with complicated grief. […] There’s little solid research on the use of psychiatric medications to treat complicated grief.

• #6 Coping With Complicated Grief | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/understanding-prolonged-grief-disorder.html

  Losing a loved one is one of the hardest parts of being human. […] But is there a point when that grief can morph into something more complex or unhealthy? Yes, according to the psychiatric community. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) officially recognized prolonged grief disorder (PGD) in 2021. […] Prolonged or complicated grief, on the other hand, occurs when a person’s initial pain continues at the same level every day, swallowing the rest of their life, Dr. Danovitch explains. […] People with PGD typically aren’t able to return to their previous lives or take care of themselves in the way other grievers can without professional support. […] Certain factors increase the risk of complicated grief. […] Complicated grief therapy, specifically tailored to maladaptive grief […] Therapists can help grievers work through memories of the person and develop healthier ways to remember them and reflect, Dr. Danovitch notes. And they can strengthen grievers’ coping skills for facing overwhelming emotional responses. […] „Finding ways to reconnect is critical.”

• #7 Complicated grief – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/complicated-grief/symptoms-causes/syc-20360374

  Losing a loved one is one of the most distressing and, unfortunately, common experiences people face. […] For some people, feelings of loss are debilitating and don’t improve even after time passes. This is known as complicated grief, sometimes called persistent complex bereavement disorder. In complicated grief, painful emotions are so long lasting and severe that you have trouble recovering from the loss and resuming your own life. […] But if you’re unable to move through these stages more than a year after the death of a loved one, you may have complicated grief. If so, seek treatment. It can help you come to terms with your loss and reclaim a sense of acceptance and peace. […] Complicated grief is like being in an ongoing, heightened state of mourning that keeps you from healing.

• #8 Complicated Grief in Caregiving

  https://www.caregiveraction.org/complicated-grief/

  Complicated grief for caregivers, grief often begins long before the final loss of a loved one. This anticipatory grief, combined with the intense emotional and physical demands of caregiving, can lead to a complex form of mourning that may require special attention and support. Understanding when grief becomes complicated is crucial for healing and recovery. […] Complicated grief extends beyond typical mourning, persisting with intense emotions that can interfere with daily life. While there’s no universal timeline for grief, healthcare professionals recognize that some people experience a form of grieving that becomes dysfunctional and requires additional support. […] Common indicators of complicated grief include: unrelenting guilt that develops into self-destructive behavior, persistent anger or hostility that can’t be resolved, increased substance use as a coping mechanism, inability to perform daily tasks months after the loss, recurring thoughts of suicide or feelings of worthlessness, severe isolation and chronic loneliness, emotional numbness or inability to feel, frequent panic attacks.

• #9 Treating Complicated Grief with EMDR – Kansas City Hospice & Palliative Care

  https://kchospice.org/emdr/

  The death of a loved one is one of the most distressing experiences you will face. Grief is a natural response to loss. One of the tasks of grief is to keep an enduring connection with the one who died while moving forward in life. […] But for some people, feelings of loss are severe and don’t improve with time. This is complicated grief. Painful emotions are so long lasting and severe that it’s hard to recover. […] You may be struggling if you experience any of the following signs of complicated grief: avoiding reminders of the deceased, feeling negative about the future, numbness and detachment, feeling stunned, dazed, or shocked, difficulty acknowledging the death, feeling that life is empty or meaningless, difficulty imagining a fulfilling life without the deceased, feeling that a part of you died, excessive irritability, bitterness or anger.

• #10 FF #254 Complicated Grief | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/complicated-grief/

  Commonly agreed upon characteristics include: yearning, pining, or longing for the deceased; trouble accepting the death; feeling uneasy about moving on with one’s life; inability to trust others since the death; excessive bitterness or anger about the death; persistent feeling of being shocked, stunned, or emotionally numb since the death; frequent intense feelings of loneliness; feeling that life is empty or meaningless without the deceased; frequent preoccupying thoughts about the person that died. […] Symptoms must cause marked dysfunction in social, occupational or other important domains. […] The duration of symptoms required to meet criteria for CG has not been defined and varies between six to twelve months after the death. […] Expert recommendation is that individuals with scores of ≥5 should undergo a diagnostic evaluation by a mental health professional.

• #11 Get help with grief after bereavement or loss – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/feelings-symptoms-behaviours/feelings-and-symptoms/grief-bereavement-loss/

  Prolonged grief disorder is known as complicated grief. […] Symptoms of prolonged grief disorder include very difficult feelings such as sadness or guilt for over 6 months, spending a lot of time thinking about the person who’s died, difficulty accepting the death, not being able to return to everyday activities, and suicidal thoughts. […] You’re more likely to have prolonged grief disorder if the death was traumatic or sudden and unexpected. […] Non-urgent advice: See a GP if you have symptoms of prolonged grief disorder.

• #12 Differences Between Normal and Complicated Grief

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/grief-and-mourning-process-1132545

  Grief is an expected response to a painful loss, the experience and duration of which can vary from one person to the next. […] „Normal” or uncomplicated grief suggests that a person is processing their feelings in a way typical to cultural expectations, while complicated grief suggests that they are not. […] Normal grief is temporary. With complicated grief, the response to a loss or death does not fade over impacts someone’s ability to feel or function normally. […] In the most current revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5-TR), the most commonly-used reference for diagnosing mental disorders, the American Psychiatric Association included the diagnosis of prolonged grief disorder. […] It is characterized by the experience of intense longings for or preoccupations with thoughts of the deceased, accompanied by identity disturbances, disbelief about the loss, avoidance of reminders of the death, intense emotional pain, and experiences of numbness, meaninglessness, or loneliness, causing significant distress, impairment, and dysfunction in important areas of one’s life.

• #13 The Profound Sadness of Prolonged Grief | Harvard Medicine Magazine

  https://magazine.hms.harvard.edu/articles/profound-sadness-prolonged-grief

  Long-term grief often goes undiagnosed even though treatment can be pivotal to overall well-being. […] But sometimes, people like Jodi become stuck. Their grief remains acute, and they cant move forward. […] Prolonged griefalso referred to as complicated grieftraps these individuals in a loop of despair from which they cant escape. […] Prolonged grief generally presents with an inability to adapt to the loss, Simon says. You wake up and feel like your loss is brand new, over and over again. […] Typical thoughts that prolonged grief sufferers experience, they wrote, include second-guessing, grief-judging, and catastrophizing the future. […] While there arent rigid rules as to who is more likely to experience such grief, Shear says that, in general, people who lose an identifying relationshipa parent, a child, a spouseare more susceptible to the condition.

• #14 17.2 Basic Concepts – Nursing Fundamentals 2e

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/17-2-basic-concepts/

  Complicated grief occurs when there is interference in the grieving process leading to a prolonged, more intense grieving. […] Complicated grieving can cause significant distress, impaired functioning, and suicidal thinking. […] Complicated grief may require professional assistance depending on its severity. […] Factors that contribute to complicated grief in older adults include lack of a support network, concurrent losses, poor coping skills, and loneliness. […] Complicated grief is seen in 10-20% of individuals experiencing the death of a romantic partner and with higher estimates for parents who have lost a child. […] According to the ELNEC, there are four types of complicated grief, including chronic grief, delayed grief, exaggerated grief, and masked grief. […] Risk factors for developing complicated grief include sudden or traumatic death, suicide, homicide, a dependent relationship with the deceased, chronic illness, death of a child, multiple losses, unresolved grief from prior losses, concurrent stressors, witnessing a difficult dying process such as pain and suffering, lack of support systems, and lack of a faith system.

• #15 17.2 Basic Concepts – Nursing Fundamentals 2e

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/17-2-basic-concepts/

  Complicated grief occurs when there is interference in the grieving process leading to a prolonged, more intense grieving. […] Complicated grieving can cause significant distress, impaired functioning, and suicidal thinking. […] Complicated grief may require professional assistance depending on its severity. […] Factors that contribute to complicated grief in older adults include lack of a support network, concurrent losses, poor coping skills, and loneliness. […] Complicated grief is seen in 10-20% of individuals experiencing the death of a romantic partner and with higher estimates for parents who have lost a child. […] According to the ELNEC, there are four types of complicated grief, including chronic grief, delayed grief, exaggerated grief, and masked grief. […] Risk factors for developing complicated grief include sudden or traumatic death, suicide, homicide, a dependent relationship with the deceased, chronic illness, death of a child, multiple losses, unresolved grief from prior losses, concurrent stressors, witnessing a difficult dying process such as pain and suffering, lack of support systems, and lack of a faith system.

• #16 Complicated Grief Treatment in California | SoCal Sunrise

  https://socalsunrise.com/treatments/complicated-grief/

  Complicated grief disorder, also known as complicated bereavement disorder, keeps those affected trapped in feelings of loss and sadness. […] When suffering becomes a chronic and debilitating presence in one’s life, it can become a complicated grief disorder and requires treatment. […] Healthy grief can quickly become dysfunctional and debilitating. If someone in your life cannot overcome their feelings of loss and devastation, they may need assistance from a mental health professional. […] 10 to 20 percent of people mourning a loss will experience complicated grief disorder. […] Risk Factors that provoke complicated grief disorder include: Losing more than one person in a short period of time, Being very dependent on the individual who passed away, The death was shocking, premature, or unexpected, Witnessing the end or being alongside the deceased as they suffered from an illness, Previous histories of a mental health disorder, such as depression, PTSD, or substance abuse disorder.

• #17 Complicated Grief | Fact Sheet – ABCT – Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies

  https://www.abct.org/fact-sheets/complicated-grief/

• #18 Risk factors for complicated grief among family members bereaved in intensive care unit settings: A systematic review | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0264971

  Families of intensive care unit (ICU) decedents are at increased risk of experiencing complicated grief. […] This systematic review has identified risk factors which may help identify family members at increased risk of complicated grief. […] Bereavement services tailored to the needs of bereaved family members in ICU settings are required. […] Factors associated with a decreased risk of complicated grief included age, patient declining treatment and involvement in decision-making. Factors associated with increased risk included living alone, partner, dying while intubated, problematic communication, and not having the opportunity to say goodbye. […] Our review highlights risk factors that may help identify those at highest risk of poor bereavement outcomes. […] Several of these risk factors are amenable to interventions known to improve the quality of end-of-life care in ICUs, such as high quality communication and involvement of patients and families in end-of-life decision-making.

• #19 Palliative Care for the Patient with Incurable Cancer or Advanced Disease – Part 3: Grief and Bereavement – Province of British Columbia

  https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/practitioner-professional-resources/bc-guidelines/palliative-grief-and-bereavement

  Everyone grieves losses, but it is important to recognize especially vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, the socially isolated, the mentally ill, the disenfranchised, and culturally diverse groups such as new immigrants and the indigenous community. […] In the case of Prolonged Grief Disorder (complicated grief), assess and take note of any risk factors or concerns. […] Primary care providers play a key role in the continued monitoring of patients grief responses and may refer the patient to grief counselling and treatment options. […] Prolonged Grief Disorder (complicated grief): Occurs when there is a debilitating intensity or duration of normal grief responses that adversely affect the ability to cope with normal life events. […] Bereavement includes the period of adjustment following a persons death and it encompasses many elements of grief, including prolonged grief disorder (complicated grief).

• #20 Complicated Grief: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24951-complicated-grief

  Complicated grief is experiencing symptoms of grief that continue for a year after a loss. You may feel intense emotions or have trouble accepting the loss. Complicated grief can affect your physical health, interpersonal relationships and daily responsibilities. Cognitive behavioral therapy treats complicated grief. […] Complicated grief is long-lasting grief that occurs after a loss. It causes intense emotions and consuming thoughts that dont fade over time and can affect your daily life. […] Complicated grief affects an estimated 7% of all adults who experience grief. Complicated grief or prolonged grief disorder is a relatively new addition to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), so research is ongoing to learn more about it. […] Complicated grief can affect you mentally and physically. Complicated grief can cause long-term physical and mental health concerns that could include: Depression. Anxiety. Malnutrition or dehydration. Post-traumatic stress disorder. Heart disease. High blood pressure. Substance use disorder or alcohol use disorder.

• #21 FF #254 Complicated Grief | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/complicated-grief/

  Fast Fact Number: 254 […] Complicated grief has also been referred to as prolonged or pathologic grief; and in the most recent revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM V), CG was relabeled as Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder. […] CG is principally considered an attachment disorder. […] Additionally, supportive marital relationships (characterized as security-enhancing, confiding and emotionally supportive) are correlated with CG after the loss of a spouse suggesting that the loss of a spouse who provides emotional stability and security may lead to an exacerbated grief reaction. […] CG is associated with mental and physical health problems including depression, hypertension, work and social impairment and reduced quality of life. […] Additionally, CG increases an individual’s risk of suicide and suicidal behavior.

• #22 Complicated grief | Psychlinks Forum — Archive Only (2004-2022)

  https://forum.psychlinks.ca/threads/complicated-grief.7067/

  Complicated grief is like being in a chronic, heightened state of mourning. […] Complicated grief treatment hasn’t been standardized because mental health providers are still learning about the condition. […] Some studies have shown big benefits from treating complicated grief with a newly developed type of psychotherapy called complicated grief treatment, also called complicated grief therapy. […] Therapy can help you explore and process emotions, improve coping skills and reduce feelings of blame and guilt. […] Without appropriate treatment, these complications can include: depression, suicidal thoughts or behaviors, increased risk of heart disease, cancer and high blood pressure, anxiety, long-term impairment in daily living, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, smoking or nicotine use.

• #23 Grief and loss – the effects of grief and how to deal with it | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/grief-loss

  If you have persistent feelings of sadness and despair and are unable to feel content, you may be experiencing depression. If your feelings are getting in the way of your everyday life, then its important to get help. […] For some people, grief might not lessen even after time passes. The grief can significantly disrupt your life, affecting jobs, relationships and how you interact in the community. […] You may need to get help if you: feel like grief makes it very difficult to do anything […] Griefline supports anyone experiencing different types of grief. It offers resources and support, so you don’t feel alone. […] It can be a big help to talk to: your doctor, a counsellor, a psychologist, people at a support group, a relative or friend you trust. […] Grief can be exhausting, and this may weaken your immune system. This can make you more prone to colds and other illnesses.

• #24 Complicated grief – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/complicated-grief/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360389

  Grieving is a highly individual process for each person, and determining when normal grief becomes complicated grief can be difficult. […] Complicated grief may be considered when the intensity of grief has not decreased in the months after your loved one’s death. […] Some mental health professionals diagnose complicated grief when grieving continues to be intense, persistent and debilitating beyond 12 months. […] Complicated grief is often treated with a type of psychotherapy called complicated grief therapy. […] This treatment can be effective when done individually or in a group format. […] Other types of psychotherapy can help you address other mental health conditions, such as depression or PTSD, which can occur along with complicated grief. […] There’s little solid research on the use of psychiatric medications to treat complicated grief.

• #25 Prolonged grief disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolonged_grief_disorder

  Prolonged grief disorder (PGD), also known as complicated grief, traumatic grief, and persistent complex bereavement disorder, is a mental disorder consisting of a distinct set of symptoms following the death of a family member or close friend (i.e., bereavement). People with PGD are preoccupied by grief and feelings of loss to the point of clinically significant distress and impairment, which can manifest in a variety of symptoms including depression, emotional pain, emotional numbness, loneliness, identity disturbance and difficulty in managing interpersonal relationships. […] Treatment is strongly recommended for prolonged grief disorder. The first line treatment is Grief Focused Psychotherapy. Specifically, Prolonged Grief Therapy has the best evidence of effectiveness. Antidepressants may be combined with grief focused therapy when one is having symptoms of concomitant depression, including co-existing major depression. However, medications as a sole therapy for grief related symptoms has not been shown to be helpful and is not recommended. […] A combination of relational and cognitive-behavioral interventions have shown evidence for efficacy when treating individuals who have lost loved ones to suicide.

• #26 Inventory of Complicated Grief: A Therapist’s Guide

  https://www.blueprint.ai/blog/inventory-of-complicated-grief-a-therapists-guide

  Grief touches everyone, but for some, the pain of losing a loved one can feel incredibly overwhelming. When grief remains intensely emotional long after a loved one’s death, it may indicate a condition called complicated grief. Recognizing and addressing complicated grief helps clients on their healing journey. The Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) serves as a helpful tool to assess the severity and nature of prolonged grief symptoms. […] The ICG evaluates a variety of grief-related symptoms, covering emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and physical domains. This detailed approach helps therapists understand a different perspective on their clients’ grief experiences. […] The ICG not only identifies these symptoms but also measures their frequency. This helps therapists distinguish between normal and complicated grief reactions, guiding treatment planning and interventions accordingly.

• #27 FF #254 Complicated Grief | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/complicated-grief/

  Commonly agreed upon characteristics include: yearning, pining, or longing for the deceased; trouble accepting the death; feeling uneasy about moving on with one’s life; inability to trust others since the death; excessive bitterness or anger about the death; persistent feeling of being shocked, stunned, or emotionally numb since the death; frequent intense feelings of loneliness; feeling that life is empty or meaningless without the deceased; frequent preoccupying thoughts about the person that died. […] Symptoms must cause marked dysfunction in social, occupational or other important domains. […] The duration of symptoms required to meet criteria for CG has not been defined and varies between six to twelve months after the death. […] Expert recommendation is that individuals with scores of ≥5 should undergo a diagnostic evaluation by a mental health professional.

• #28 Complicated Grief | Fact Sheet – ABCT – Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies

  https://www.abct.org/fact-sheets/complicated-grief/

  Complicated grief is different from depression and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). […] Risk factors include a history of mood or anxiety disorders, alcohol or drug abuse, and multiple losses. […] A short-term approach called complicated grief treatment (CGT) has been effective with 2 out of 3 people, and is more effective than other treatments for complicated grief, including interpersonal therapy and antidepressant medication, and is therefore the treatment of choice for complicated grief. […] The treatment includes two key areas: restoring effective functioning by generating enthusiasm and creating plans for the future and helping patients find a new way to think about the death that does not evoke intense feelings of anger, guilt, or anxiety.

• #29 Living with loss: a cognitive approach to prolonged grief disorder – incorporating complicated, enduring and traumatic grief | Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioural-and-cognitive-psychotherapy/article/living-with-loss-a-cognitive-approach-to-prolonged-grief-disorder-incorporating-complicated-enduring-and-traumatic-grief/6269D291E7BA3CD2BA8166D319844804

  In the literature different terms are used to categorise pathological grief reactions, including complicated grief (CG), traumatic grief (TG), prolonged grief disorder (PGD), and prolonged complex bereavement disorder (PCBD). In this paper we will use the terms uncomplicated grief (UG), complicated grief (CG) and prolonged grief disorder (PGD), the term now accepted within the ICD-11 and the DSM-5 diagnostic manuals. […] In complicated grief, however, episodes of grief are frequent, prolonged and more intense. In UG there is a reduced longing for the deceased and gradual acceptance of the death, whereas with prolonged grief, a sense of intense yearning persists. […] Prigerson et al. (Reference Prigerson, Maciejewski, Reynolds, Bierhals, Newsom, Fasiczka, Frank, Doman and Miller1995) have proposed that the most useful items to differentiate complicated grief from uncomplicated grief are: shock; intrusions about the deceased; resentment about the death; psychic numbing (being stunned or dazed by the loss); functional impairment; hostility and avoidance of reminders of the death.

• #30 Living with loss: a cognitive approach to prolonged grief disorder – incorporating complicated, enduring and traumatic grief | Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioural-and-cognitive-psychotherapy/article/living-with-loss-a-cognitive-approach-to-prolonged-grief-disorder-incorporating-complicated-enduring-and-traumatic-grief/6269D291E7BA3CD2BA8166D319844804

  Various terms have been used to define enduring and severe forms of grief reactions such as prolonged, complex, complicated and traumatic. […] It is recognised that bereaved individuals can develop a number of psychological disorders such as depression […] and PTSD […] There are also high rates of co-occurrence between complicated grief and other disorders. […] The core element of prolonged grief definitions for DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnostic categories is persistent yearning for or intensely missing the deceased, or pre-occupation with the circumstances of the death. […] However, questions remain. For example, it is unclear whether the ICD-11 (World Health Organization, 2012) category for PGD conceptualises complicated grief as a homogenous diagnosis, or whether there are sub-categories relating to traumatic grief or traumatic loss.

• #31 Psychiatry.org – Prolonged Grief Disorder

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/prolonged-grief-disorder

  Grief is a natural response to the loss of a loved one. For most people, the symptoms of grief begin to decrease over time. However, for a small group of people, the feeling of intense grief persists, and the symptoms are severe enough to cause problems and stop them from continuing with their lives. Prolonged grief disorder is characterized by this intense and persistent grief that causes problems and interferes with daily life. […] Prolonged grief disorder often occurs along with other mental disorders such as PTSD, anxiety or depression. Sleep problems are also common; an estimated 80% of people with prolonged grief disorder experience long-term poor sleep. […] For most people, grief-related symptoms following the death of a loved one decrease over time and do not impact their everyday functioning. Although feelings and symptoms of grief may sometimes increase at different points in time, they do not usually require mental health treatment. However, for people who develop the more intense, ongoing symptoms of prolonged grief disorder, evidence-based treatments are available. Treatments using elements of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) have been found to be effective in reducing symptoms.

• #32 Chapter 17 Grief and Loss – Nursing Fundamentals – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK591827/

  Grief is the emotional response to a loss, defined as the individualized and personalized feelings and responses that an individual makes to real, perceived, or anticipated loss. […] Complicated grief is seen in 10-20% of individuals experiencing the death of a romantic partner and with higher estimates for parents who have lost a child. […] Complicated grief may require professional assistance depending on its severity. […] Nurses can assist patients and family members during the fading away transition by being present and actively listening. […] As a nurse, you can greatly assist patients and families members as they move through the grieving process by being willing and committed to spending time with them. […] The nursing role during the bereavement period includes the following: Enhancing coping, Assessing and facilitating spirituality, Facilitating the grieving process by supporting the patient and survivors to feel the loss, express the loss, and move through the tasks of grief.

• #33 Nursing Grief and Loss – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518989/

  Grief and loss are something that all people experience in their lifetime. […] Nurses may share this personally or support patients and their families going through grief and loss. […] The nurse’s role is to provide compassionate care to the patient and loved ones, and this care differs from person to person. […] It is essential for the nurse to assist the patient and loved ones in coping with their grief, including anticipatory grief. […] It is essential to provide your patients and their loved ones with resources to adjust to their loss and help them through their grieving process. […] Complicated grief is when the feelings of loss are debilitating and do not improve after an extended amount of time passes. […] Individuals experiencing complicated grief generally need support and resources to help them reclaim a sense of acceptance and peace. […] The goals of care are for the patient and their loved ones to be free of complicated grieving and access adequate resources to allow for the natural grieving process. […] Nursing Diagnosis Related to Grief and Loss includes Risk for complicated grieving.

• #34 Psychosocial: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/psychosocial-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Grieving is a normal response to loss that affects a person emotionally, socially, spiritually, and physically. […] Related nursing diagnoses: Complicated grieving […] Monitor for complicated grieving. A patient who is not moving through the expected stages of grief, who cannot seem to accept their loss, or experience continued distress that affects daily life will require further counseling/therapy. […] Encourage expressions of grief. Encourage the patient to journal or verbalize feelings of loss. Remind them their feelings are normal and remembering their loved one is therapeutic in moving on. […] Offer bereavement services and support groups. Loss of a loved one, whether sudden or expected may necessitate additional support. If hospice care was provided, bereavement is offered to family members for 13 months following the loss. Support groups for losses such as children, pets, and suicide can help with coping with these specific situations.

• #35 19: Grieving and Complicated Grieving | Nurse Key

  https://nursekey.com/19-grieving-and-complicated-grieving/

  Nurses are not immune to grief reactions. […] It is helpful to know what happens during the process of mourning, what might help others through this process, and how to identify an individual who is having difficulty resolving his or her pain and sorrow (complicated grieving). […] Nurses can help bereaved individuals by listening, assisting in communication, teaching families about the process of dying, or facilitating bereavement with opportunities to prevent ill health and to help families find new directions for growth. […] It is helpful for all nurses to understand the complex process of grieving so they can differentiate normal grief from complicated grief. […] Offering information to the bereaved individual about useful and appropriate responses and suggesting resources that might help him or her through the grieving process can also broaden an understanding of ourselves.

• #36 Grieving & Loss Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/grieving/

  Grief and loss are integral aspects of nursing care, demanding sensitivity and empathy. Nurses frequently provide solace to patients and their families during times of bereavement, offering a supportive presence and lending a listening ear. […] Nursings role in easing grief and navigating loss is fundamental, underscoring the professions dedication to holistic, compassionate care. […] Nurses hold a vital position in assisting individuals through their grieving process by offering empathetic support, counseling, and guidance on effective coping techniques. The nursing process encompasses developing a holistic care plan that attends to the clients physical, emotional, and spiritual requirements during their journey of grief. […] The following are the nursing priorities for clients experiencing grief and loss:

• #37 17.3 Applying the Nursing Process to Grief – Nursing Fundamentals 2e

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/17-3-applying-the-nursing-process-to-grief-2/

  Grieving a loss is a normal process that has implications for both client and family well-being. NANDA formally recognizes the dimensions of grief with the nursing diagnoses of Grieving and Complicated Grieving. […] During the bereavement period, the nurse monitors for symptoms of complicated grief. […] Consult a nursing care planning resource when selecting nursing diagnoses for clients and their family members experiencing grief. […] For the nursing diagnosis of Grieving and Complicated Grieving, a sample goal is, The client will experience grief resolution. […] Nurses are in the ideal position to assist clients with identifying and expressing their feelings related to loss. […] Interventions to facilitate resolution of anticipatory grieving include the following: Develop a trusting relationship with the client and family members by using presence and other therapeutic communication techniques. […] Grief work facilitation assists clients and family members in resolution of a significant loss. […] Clients and family members experiencing depression or anxiety related to the grieving process may be prescribed antianxiety medications or antidepressants.

• #38 17.2 Basic Concepts – Nursing Fundamentals 2e

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/17-2-basic-concepts/

  As a nurse, you can greatly assist clients and family members as they move through the grieving process by being willing and committed to spending time with them. […] Remember that you cannot fix everything, but taking time to assess their symptoms of grief helps you identify other resources for support.

• #39 36.1 Concepts of Grief and Loss – Fundamentals of Nursing | OpenStax

  https://openstax.org/books/fundamentals-nursing/pages/36-1-concepts-of-grief-and-loss

  The emotional response to a loss, known as grief, is defined as the individualized and personalized feelings and responses that an individual makes to real, perceived, or anticipated loss. These feelings may include anger, frustration, loneliness, sadness, guilt, regret, and peace. Major concepts associated with grieving are loss, mourning, and bereavement. The actual or perceived absence of a possession, circumstance, or individual is called loss. The response to loss is grief, and the outward, personal expression of grief is mourning. After a patient dies, the family members and other survivors experience loss. However, the experience of grief may also be associated with the loss of health or with changes in relationships or roles. […] Nurses can encourage a person who is bereaving to talk about the death and understand their feelings are normal. Individuals experiencing the bereavement process should allow for sufficient time for the expression of grief and, if possible, postpone significant decisions such as changing jobs or moving. If individuals connect with a specific religion or spiritual practice, leaning into these beliefs enhances coping during this difficult time. Individuals without a religious connection may still experience grief on a spiritual level; they can be encouraged to incorporate their individual beliefs on death and dying into healthy coping strategies. In all these instances, nurses offer individuals a sense of acceptance by encouraging them to express grief in their own way.

• #40 Grief and Bereavement – Nursing Care at the End of Life

  https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/nursingcare/chapter/grief-and-bereavement/

  Grief and bereavement are universal experiences that people go through when they are dealing with a loss in their lives. […] According to ELNEC (2010), the role of the nurse includes three things: (1) the nurse must facilitate the grieving process by assessing the grief; (2) the nurse must assist the patient with issues and concerns related to the grief; and (3) the nurse must support the survivors. […] Complicated grief may require professional assistance depending on its severity and can be further classified into four different types as shown in Table 12.1. […] If the person has already had recent losses or previous losses from which they did not resolve their grief, it can contribute to developing complicated grief reaction with the new loss. […] Nurses who continue to be involved with the bereaved following the patients death should provide support to the survivor to help them feel the loss, express the loss, and complete the tasks of the grieving process (ELNEC, 2010, pp M7-7). […] Developing a strong nurse-patient-family relationship in the beginning of the health care encounter can help with the support needed during the bereavement period.

• #41 Grief and Bereavement | Nursing Care at the End of Life

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-nursing-care-at-the-end-of-life/chapter/grief-and-bereavement/

  Grief and bereavement are universal experiences that people go through when they are dealing with a loss in their lives. […] According to ELNEC (2010), the role of the nurse includes three things: (1) the nurse must facilitate the grieving process by assessing the grief; (2) the nurse must assist the patient with issues and concerns related to the grief; and (3) the nurse must support the survivors. […] Complicated grief may require professional assistance depending on its severity and can be further classified into four different types as shown in Table 12.1. […] Lack of a support network or concurrent stressors such as ailing health or relationships, also can contribute to this type of grief (ELNEC, 2010). […] Nurses who continue to be involved with the bereaved following the patients death should provide support to the survivor to help them feel the loss, express the loss, and complete the tasks of the grieving process (ELNEC, 2010, pp M7-7). […] Developing a strong nurse-patient-family relationship in the beginning of the health care encounter can help with the support needed during the bereavement period.

• #42 Palliative Care for the Patient with Incurable Cancer or Advanced Disease – Part 3: Grief and Bereavement – Province of British Columbia

  https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/practitioner-professional-resources/bc-guidelines/palliative-grief-and-bereavement

  Anticipate / screen for prolonged grief disorder (complicated grief) reactions and also consider using Appendix E: Bereavement Risk Assessment Tool to assess risk. […] Treating Prolonged Grief Disorder (complicated grief): Assess in the context of the persons life, personality, culture, and the nature of the illness/death. […] Refer to a bereavement counsellor, psychologist, or psychiatrist who will provide targeted psychotherapy, Complicated Grief Treatment, in addition to possible pharmacologic management.

• #43 Seeking Help and Support for Grief and Loss | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/end-of-life-care/grief-and-loss/depression-and-complicated-grief.html

  Bereavement or grief counseling helps people cope with the loss of a loved one. It gives people a safe place to get in touch with, share and work to accept and resolve the emotions that can come with grief. This counseling can also help people learn how to live their lives without their loved one. […] If the grieving person begins to abuse alcohol or drugs, doesnt take care of themselves, becomes ill, or talks about suicide, it may be a sign of complicated grief or depression. Talk to them about getting professional help.

• #44 Complicated grief – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/complicated-grief/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360389

  Grieving is a highly individual process for each person, and determining when normal grief becomes complicated grief can be difficult. […] Complicated grief may be considered when the intensity of grief has not decreased in the months after your loved one’s death. […] Some mental health professionals diagnose complicated grief when grieving continues to be intense, persistent and debilitating beyond 12 months. […] Complicated grief is often treated with a type of psychotherapy called complicated grief therapy. […] This treatment can be effective when done individually or in a group format. […] Other types of psychotherapy can help you address other mental health conditions, such as depression or PTSD, which can occur along with complicated grief. […] There’s little solid research on the use of psychiatric medications to treat complicated grief.

• #45 Grieving & Loss Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/grieving/

  Complicated grief. Some individuals may experience complex grief, characterized by persistent and severe symptoms. Identifying clients at risk for complicated grief and providing appropriate interventions is essential. […] For the minority who develop the condition of prolonged grief disorder, evidence-based, short-term interventions are available that can help ameliorate prolonged grief disorder symptoms. […] Provide information about Complicated Grief Treatment (CGT). CGT is a 16-session, manualized intervention, which has demonstrated efficacy for reducing prolonged grief disorder symptoms in several randomized control trials. CGT incorporates components of attachment theory, cognitive behavioral therapy, and other approaches to facilitate natural adaptive processes to loss.

• #46 Psychiatry.org – Prolonged Grief Disorder

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/prolonged-grief-disorder

  One type of treatment, complicated grief treatment, incorporates components of CBT and other approaches to help adapt to the loss. It focuses on both accepting the reality of the loss and restorationworking toward goals and a sense of satisfaction in a world without the loved one. […] Bereavement support groups can also provide a useful source of social connection and support. They can help people feel less alone, thus help avoid the isolation that could increase the risk for prolonged grief disorder.

• #47 Complicated Grief: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24951-complicated-grief

  Many people find comfort participating in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as a treatment for complicated grief. CBT can help you: Accept the reality of a loss. Adapt to a loss. Reengage in activities or with people as you did before the loss. Work toward goals of feeling better mentally and physically. […] Treatment for complicated grief is possible through therapy and support groups. A primary care provider may make recommendations if you dont know where to start. They can also offer treatment if your grief affects your physical health in addition to your mental health. […] Visit a healthcare provider if you feel grief up to a year after your loss. If grief affects your ability to function or go about your day as you used to before a loss, a healthcare provider can help you feel better.

• #48 Complicated Grief | Fact Sheet – ABCT – Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies

  https://www.abct.org/fact-sheets/complicated-grief/

  Complicated grief is different from depression and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). […] Risk factors include a history of mood or anxiety disorders, alcohol or drug abuse, and multiple losses. […] A short-term approach called complicated grief treatment (CGT) has been effective with 2 out of 3 people, and is more effective than other treatments for complicated grief, including interpersonal therapy and antidepressant medication, and is therefore the treatment of choice for complicated grief. […] The treatment includes two key areas: restoring effective functioning by generating enthusiasm and creating plans for the future and helping patients find a new way to think about the death that does not evoke intense feelings of anger, guilt, or anxiety.

• #49 How Can I Recover From Complicated Grief? – Bridges to Recovery

  https://www.bridgestorecovery.com/complicated-grief/how-can-i-recover-from-complicated-grief/

  Complicated grief is difficult because it is a sense of loss that seems as if it will never go away. If you are grieving a loved one and can’t seem to feel any better, even months or a year later, you may need professional care to process your feelings and accept and adapt to a new way of life. […] If you or someone you care about is struggling to recover from a personal loss, the best way to make improvements is to seek out professional care and support. A mental health professional can make a diagnosis and determine if you have complicated grief disorder and then suggest a course of treatment to help you overcome it. […] Therapy is the most effective strategy for helping someone get through complicated grief. A therapist can help you understand what you are experiencing, explore your emotions, develop better coping skills, and process the loss in a way that is healthy and productive. […] Professional treatment is crucial for complicated grief, but you can also rely on other people for additional support. […] Taking care of you means getting help and relying on others, but it also means keeping up with sleep, good nutrition, and exercise.

• #50 Strategies for Coping with Complicated Grief | Banner Health

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/better-me/what-you-can-do-when-dealing-with-complicated-grief

  Methods like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), grief counseling and interpersonal therapy can help you understand and manage your emotions, challenge unhelpful thoughts and develop healthier ways to cope. […] Taking care of yourself is a top priority when youre dealing with complicated grief. Self-care can help reduce symptoms and promote overall well-being. […] Self-care is especially important when youre feeling overwhelming emotions. […] Reach out to family members and friends who can listen, help with day-to-day tasks and offer emotional support, empathy and validation. […] Talking about your grief is a good way to process through your grief. […] If a loved one is facing complicated grief, it can be challenging to support them, but giving them your compassion, empathy and assistance can make a big difference.

• #51 Bereavement and Complicated Grief | Ausmed

  https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/bereavement-and-complicated-grief

  Grief is a natural response to loss. […] As a healthcare professional, you will witness loss and grief on a more frequent basis than people working in other professions. Therefore, its crucial for you to understand, identify and advise on grief. Its also important to acknowledge the impact that witnessing loss and grief on such a large scale will have on your own wellbeing. […] Complicated grief negatively impacts a persons relationships, employment and life. It is generally characterised by a sustained intensity of grief over a very long period of time. […] In the case of complicated grief, therapy may be beneficial in the form of specialist bereavement counselling, palliative care services, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or complicated grief therapy (CGT). […] Healthcare professionals are constantly confronted with loss and grief in their professional roles, which can lead to considerable stress and burnout. […] Bereavement does not follow a set pattern – it is experienced differently from person to person and across cultures. For many, the effects of bereavement will become more manageable over time. In the case of complicated grief, there are treatment options available.

• #52 Complicated grief – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/complicated-grief/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360389

  However, antidepressants may be helpful in people who have clinical depression as well as complicated grief. […] Although it’s important to get professional treatment for complicated grief, these strategies also may help you cope: Stick to your treatment plan. […] Practice stress management. […] Take care of yourself. […] Reach out to your faith community. […] Socialize. […] Plan ahead for special dates or anniversaries. […] Learn new skills. […] Join a support group. […] After your initial appointment, your doctor may refer you to a mental health professional who can help diagnose your symptoms and provide a treatment plan. […] Your doctor or mental health professional will likely ask you a number of questions.

• #53 FF #254 Complicated Grief | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/complicated-grief/

  A recent meta-analysis on the treatment of CG showed efficacy of interventions including cognitive-behavioral and group therapy in alleviating symptoms with a duration of benefit from 3-6 months. […] There have been no randomized controlled trials evaluating the pharmacologic treatment of CG and there is currently no defined role for drug therapy. […] Individuals suffering from CG benefit from referral to a trained mental health provider who can administer therapy specific to CG. […] Most bereaved individuals experience normal grief. […] A minority will experience long-term, persistent, disruptive symptoms that impair functioning and increase the risk for negative mental and physical health states.

• #54 Treating complicated grief | Open Arms

  https://www.openarms.gov.au/health-professionals/assessment-and-treatment/treating-complicated-grief

  Veterans with milder forms of complicated grief will usually respond well to psychological interventions alone. Psychological interventions are also the treatment of choice for veterans with more severe symptoms. However, evidence suggests an adjunctive course of newer antidepressants can help veterans tolerate grief-focused CBT.

• #55 Prolonged grief disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolonged_grief_disorder

  Prolonged grief disorder (PGD), also known as complicated grief, traumatic grief, and persistent complex bereavement disorder, is a mental disorder consisting of a distinct set of symptoms following the death of a family member or close friend (i.e., bereavement). People with PGD are preoccupied by grief and feelings of loss to the point of clinically significant distress and impairment, which can manifest in a variety of symptoms including depression, emotional pain, emotional numbness, loneliness, identity disturbance and difficulty in managing interpersonal relationships. […] Treatment is strongly recommended for prolonged grief disorder. The first line treatment is Grief Focused Psychotherapy. Specifically, Prolonged Grief Therapy has the best evidence of effectiveness. Antidepressants may be combined with grief focused therapy when one is having symptoms of concomitant depression, including co-existing major depression. However, medications as a sole therapy for grief related symptoms has not been shown to be helpful and is not recommended. […] A combination of relational and cognitive-behavioral interventions have shown evidence for efficacy when treating individuals who have lost loved ones to suicide.

• #56 Psychiatry.org – Prolonged Grief Disorder

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/prolonged-grief-disorder

  One type of treatment, complicated grief treatment, incorporates components of CBT and other approaches to help adapt to the loss. It focuses on both accepting the reality of the loss and restorationworking toward goals and a sense of satisfaction in a world without the loved one. […] Bereavement support groups can also provide a useful source of social connection and support. They can help people feel less alone, thus help avoid the isolation that could increase the risk for prolonged grief disorder.

• #57 Complicated grief – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/complicated-grief/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360389

  However, antidepressants may be helpful in people who have clinical depression as well as complicated grief. […] Although it’s important to get professional treatment for complicated grief, these strategies also may help you cope: Stick to your treatment plan. […] Practice stress management. […] Take care of yourself. […] Reach out to your faith community. […] Socialize. […] Plan ahead for special dates or anniversaries. […] Learn new skills. […] Join a support group. […] After your initial appointment, your doctor may refer you to a mental health professional who can help diagnose your symptoms and provide a treatment plan. […] Your doctor or mental health professional will likely ask you a number of questions.

• #58 Complicated grief – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/complicated-grief/symptoms-causes/syc-20360374

  Complicated grief also may be indicated if you continue to have trouble carrying out normal routines. […] It’s not clear how to prevent complicated grief. Getting counseling soon after a loss may help, especially for people at increased risk of developing complicated grief. […] Through early counseling after a loss, you can explore emotions surrounding your loss and learn healthy coping skills. This may help prevent negative thoughts and beliefs from gaining such a strong hold that they’re difficult to overcome.

• #59 The Profound Sadness of Prolonged Grief | Harvard Medicine Magazine

  https://magazine.hms.harvard.edu/articles/profound-sadness-prolonged-grief

  The good news is that complicated grief patients have an immense capacity to heal and pull through, Shear says. […] In general, their treatment protocol focuses on helping people accept the reality of the loss and restore their capacity for well-being. […] These are healing milestones that mark progress, says Shear. […] Despite the fact that prolonged grief is getting more recognition these days, there remains an overall lack of awareness of it in the medical community. […] We do not have a system or a set of routine practices for caring for the bereaved, adds Block. […] Ideally we would teach primary care physicians to check in about illness, mood, substance use, and basic functioning after a patient has lost a loved one, she says. […] For Jodi, time and professional help made a difference. She began to emerge from her cloud of grief after visiting an anxiety clinic where a practitioner diagnosed her state of prolonged grief and referred her to Shears structured program.

• #60 Complicated Grief Treatment in Georgia (Find Help Today)

  https://www.serenitygrove.com/mental-health-treatment-programs-georgia/complicated-grief-treatment/

  Because of the relative newness of the practice of providing complicated grief treatment, studies are still going on. The rate of success ranges from 67% to 88% of people who undergo it. Success also depends on the quality of the treatment program, how long the person attends it, and how enthusiastically they participate in it. […] Are you experiencing complicated grief and feeling helpless to find an exit door? Serenity Grove understands how to reach out to people who feel lost in the darkness of grieving and guide them back to the light. Our staff uses their years of experience treating people with complicated grief in Atlanta by providing structured and compassionate care. We offer several types of therapy to help people understand their need to mourn and how to move past it while still respecting their loss.

• #61

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43076-021-00112-z

  This study sought to identify the factors associated with the development and prevention of complicated grief in women who have lost a baby. […] As risk factors, we identified the presence of mothers psychopathology, history of gestational loss, and social pressure for a new pregnancy, while as protective factors, we identified the presence of another child other than the deceased one, the quality of specialized healthcare, and the social support provided by either a partner, community, or spiritual activities. […] Although complicated grief is often associated with other mental health conditions, such as anxiety, depression, or posttraumatic stress, it is necessary to differentiate it for a clearer understanding of the complicated grief as a singular condition, to enable access to appropriate care for bereaved mothers and families, as well as to promote public policies which provide support to them.

• #62 Complicated grief and related factors among nursing staff during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study | BMC Psychiatry | Full Text

  https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-023-04562-w

  The challenging working conditions during the Covid-19 pandemic created a perfect storm that can seriously impact nurses’ physical and psychological well-being. […] A significant proportion of participants (57.6%) were found to be suffering from complicated grief. […] Due to frequent exposure to patients’ deaths, healthcare providers are at increased risk of suffering from complicated grief during the Covid-19 and post-pandemic. […] If it remains unresolved, complicated grief can result in significant health problems and the experience of burnout among nurses. […] The prevalence of mental health issues augmented during the Covid pandemic. […] Frequent exposure to patients’ deaths leads to feelings of helplessness and despair among nurses. […] The novelty of Covid-19 and nurses’ inability to prevent patients’ death negatively impact their mental health.

• #63 Complicated grief and related factors among nursing staff during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study | BMC Psychiatry | Full Text

  https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-023-04562-w

  An inappropriate or incomplete grief process can result in pathologic or complicated grief leading to maladaptive symptoms. […] During the covid-19 pandemic, nurses may not have enough time to process their grief leading to unresolved grief, mental health disorders, and burnout. […] This study found that a significant proportion of nurses who worked in Covid-19 settings experienced complicated grief. […] Subgroups of nurses may be at higher risk, including female nurses, floor nurses, those with a lower nursing degree, and those who work extended periods in covid-19 settings, in particular, Covid-19 ICUs. […] Governments, health policymakers, and nursing managers should be aware of the deleterious effects of the recent pandemic on nurses’ health and well-being. […] They should seek to reduce the impact by employing strategies such as providing support, reducing working hours, rotating nurses between Covid-19 wards and other wards, and providing support, such as bereavement counseling for those who require this service.

• #64 Complicated grief and related factors among nursing staff during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study | BMC Psychiatry | Full Text

  https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-023-04562-w

  The challenging working conditions during the Covid-19 pandemic created a perfect storm that can seriously impact nurses’ physical and psychological well-being. […] A significant proportion of participants (57.6%) were found to be suffering from complicated grief. […] Due to frequent exposure to patients’ deaths, healthcare providers are at increased risk of suffering from complicated grief during the Covid-19 and post-pandemic. […] If it remains unresolved, complicated grief can result in significant health problems and the experience of burnout among nurses. […] The prevalence of mental health issues augmented during the Covid pandemic. […] Frequent exposure to patients’ deaths leads to feelings of helplessness and despair among nurses. […] The novelty of Covid-19 and nurses’ inability to prevent patients’ death negatively impact their mental health.

• #65 Complicated grief and related factors among nursing staff during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study | BMC Psychiatry | Full Text

  https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-023-04562-w

  An inappropriate or incomplete grief process can result in pathologic or complicated grief leading to maladaptive symptoms. […] During the covid-19 pandemic, nurses may not have enough time to process their grief leading to unresolved grief, mental health disorders, and burnout. […] This study found that a significant proportion of nurses who worked in Covid-19 settings experienced complicated grief. […] Subgroups of nurses may be at higher risk, including female nurses, floor nurses, those with a lower nursing degree, and those who work extended periods in covid-19 settings, in particular, Covid-19 ICUs. […] Governments, health policymakers, and nursing managers should be aware of the deleterious effects of the recent pandemic on nurses’ health and well-being. […] They should seek to reduce the impact by employing strategies such as providing support, reducing working hours, rotating nurses between Covid-19 wards and other wards, and providing support, such as bereavement counseling for those who require this service.

• #66 Complicated grief – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/complicated-grief/symptoms-causes/syc-20360374

  Complicated grief also may be indicated if you continue to have trouble carrying out normal routines. […] It’s not clear how to prevent complicated grief. Getting counseling soon after a loss may help, especially for people at increased risk of developing complicated grief. […] Through early counseling after a loss, you can explore emotions surrounding your loss and learn healthy coping skills. This may help prevent negative thoughts and beliefs from gaining such a strong hold that they’re difficult to overcome.

• #67 Complicated grief – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/complicated-grief/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360389

  However, antidepressants may be helpful in people who have clinical depression as well as complicated grief. […] Although it’s important to get professional treatment for complicated grief, these strategies also may help you cope: Stick to your treatment plan. […] Practice stress management. […] Take care of yourself. […] Reach out to your faith community. […] Socialize. […] Plan ahead for special dates or anniversaries. […] Learn new skills. […] Join a support group. […] After your initial appointment, your doctor may refer you to a mental health professional who can help diagnose your symptoms and provide a treatment plan. […] Your doctor or mental health professional will likely ask you a number of questions.

• #68 Complicated Grief in Caregiving

  https://www.caregiveraction.org/complicated-grief/

  The journey through grief involves several key processes: acknowledging and recognizing the reality of the loss, expressing grief through both tangible and intangible ways, processing secondary losses, such as changes in social connections, developing a new relationship with memories of the deceased, creating a new life narrative while honoring the past. […] As Dr. Therese Rando explains, while acute grief eventually ends, mourning may continue in different forms. The goal isn’t to get over the loss but to learn to live with it in a healthy way. For caregivers, this means acknowledging both the grief of final loss and the accumulated losses throughout the caregiving journey. […] If you’re experiencing signs of complicated grief, remember that support is available. Professional counselors specializing in caregiver grief can help you navigate this challenging journey.

• #69 Complicated grief and related factors among nursing staff during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study | BMC Psychiatry | Full Text

  https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-023-04562-w

  An inappropriate or incomplete grief process can result in pathologic or complicated grief leading to maladaptive symptoms. […] During the covid-19 pandemic, nurses may not have enough time to process their grief leading to unresolved grief, mental health disorders, and burnout. […] This study found that a significant proportion of nurses who worked in Covid-19 settings experienced complicated grief. […] Subgroups of nurses may be at higher risk, including female nurses, floor nurses, those with a lower nursing degree, and those who work extended periods in covid-19 settings, in particular, Covid-19 ICUs. […] Governments, health policymakers, and nursing managers should be aware of the deleterious effects of the recent pandemic on nurses’ health and well-being. […] They should seek to reduce the impact by employing strategies such as providing support, reducing working hours, rotating nurses between Covid-19 wards and other wards, and providing support, such as bereavement counseling for those who require this service.

• #70 Chapter 17 Grief and Loss – Nursing Fundamentals – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK591827/

  Grief is the emotional response to a loss, defined as the individualized and personalized feelings and responses that an individual makes to real, perceived, or anticipated loss. […] Complicated grief is seen in 10-20% of individuals experiencing the death of a romantic partner and with higher estimates for parents who have lost a child. […] Complicated grief may require professional assistance depending on its severity. […] Nurses can assist patients and family members during the fading away transition by being present and actively listening. […] As a nurse, you can greatly assist patients and families members as they move through the grieving process by being willing and committed to spending time with them. […] The nursing role during the bereavement period includes the following: Enhancing coping, Assessing and facilitating spirituality, Facilitating the grieving process by supporting the patient and survivors to feel the loss, express the loss, and move through the tasks of grief.

• #71 Chapter 17 Grief and Loss – Nursing Fundamentals – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK591827/

  It is important for nurses to recognize that providing end-of-life care can have a significant impact on them. […] Compassion fatigue is a state of chronic and continuous self-sacrifice and/or prolonged exposure to difficult situations that affect a health care professional’s physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. […] Nurses are often present during these final days and moments with patients during this difficult and sacred time. […] Providing care at the end of life is similar for patients with a broad variety of medical diagnoses. […] The nurse has two primary responsibilities at this time: providing symptom management and preparing the family for what to expect as death is approaching. […] The nurse should continue to provide support for the family and offer assistance as needed, such as contacting other family members to inform them of the death.

• #72 17.3 Applying the Nursing Process to Grief – Nursing Fundamentals 2e

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/17-3-applying-the-nursing-process-to-grief-2/

  Grieving a loss is a normal process that has implications for both client and family well-being. NANDA formally recognizes the dimensions of grief with the nursing diagnoses of Grieving and Complicated Grieving. […] During the bereavement period, the nurse monitors for symptoms of complicated grief. […] Consult a nursing care planning resource when selecting nursing diagnoses for clients and their family members experiencing grief. […] For the nursing diagnosis of Grieving and Complicated Grieving, a sample goal is, The client will experience grief resolution. […] Nurses are in the ideal position to assist clients with identifying and expressing their feelings related to loss. […] Interventions to facilitate resolution of anticipatory grieving include the following: Develop a trusting relationship with the client and family members by using presence and other therapeutic communication techniques. […] Grief work facilitation assists clients and family members in resolution of a significant loss. […] Clients and family members experiencing depression or anxiety related to the grieving process may be prescribed antianxiety medications or antidepressants.

• #73 Palliative Care for the Patient with Incurable Cancer or Advanced Disease – Part 3: Grief and Bereavement – Province of British Columbia

  https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/practitioner-professional-resources/bc-guidelines/palliative-grief-and-bereavement

  Anticipate / screen for prolonged grief disorder (complicated grief) reactions and also consider using Appendix E: Bereavement Risk Assessment Tool to assess risk. […] Treating Prolonged Grief Disorder (complicated grief): Assess in the context of the persons life, personality, culture, and the nature of the illness/death. […] Refer to a bereavement counsellor, psychologist, or psychiatrist who will provide targeted psychotherapy, Complicated Grief Treatment, in addition to possible pharmacologic management.

• #74 19: Grieving and Complicated Grieving | Nurse Key

  https://nursekey.com/19-grieving-and-complicated-grieving/

  Complicated grief reactions require significant interventions. […] Nurses are in constant contact with people and their families experiencing painful losses, and an acute grief reaction may also be the focus of treatment. […] During this time, the nurse might need to intervene for Ineffective Coping or Compromised Family Coping, Disturbed Sleep Pattern, Risk for Spiritual Distress or Spiritual Distress, or other problems. […] Support the family by helping family and friends employ methods that can facilitate the grieving process and give support to a grieving person. […] Assess for suicide if there is persistent, severe depression and deep, enduring feelings of hopelessness.

• #75 Strategies for Coping with Complicated Grief | Banner Health

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/better-me/what-you-can-do-when-dealing-with-complicated-grief

  Methods like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), grief counseling and interpersonal therapy can help you understand and manage your emotions, challenge unhelpful thoughts and develop healthier ways to cope. […] Taking care of yourself is a top priority when youre dealing with complicated grief. Self-care can help reduce symptoms and promote overall well-being. […] Self-care is especially important when youre feeling overwhelming emotions. […] Reach out to family members and friends who can listen, help with day-to-day tasks and offer emotional support, empathy and validation. […] Talking about your grief is a good way to process through your grief. […] If a loved one is facing complicated grief, it can be challenging to support them, but giving them your compassion, empathy and assistance can make a big difference.

• #76 17.3 Applying the Nursing Process to Grief – Nursing Fundamentals 2e

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/17-3-applying-the-nursing-process-to-grief-2/

  Grieving a loss is a normal process that has implications for both client and family well-being. NANDA formally recognizes the dimensions of grief with the nursing diagnoses of Grieving and Complicated Grieving. […] During the bereavement period, the nurse monitors for symptoms of complicated grief. […] Consult a nursing care planning resource when selecting nursing diagnoses for clients and their family members experiencing grief. […] For the nursing diagnosis of Grieving and Complicated Grieving, a sample goal is, The client will experience grief resolution. […] Nurses are in the ideal position to assist clients with identifying and expressing their feelings related to loss. […] Interventions to facilitate resolution of anticipatory grieving include the following: Develop a trusting relationship with the client and family members by using presence and other therapeutic communication techniques. […] Grief work facilitation assists clients and family members in resolution of a significant loss. […] Clients and family members experiencing depression or anxiety related to the grieving process may be prescribed antianxiety medications or antidepressants.

• #77 36.1 Concepts of Grief and Loss – Fundamentals of Nursing | OpenStax

  https://openstax.org/books/fundamentals-nursing/pages/36-1-concepts-of-grief-and-loss

  The emotional response to a loss, known as grief, is defined as the individualized and personalized feelings and responses that an individual makes to real, perceived, or anticipated loss. These feelings may include anger, frustration, loneliness, sadness, guilt, regret, and peace. Major concepts associated with grieving are loss, mourning, and bereavement. The actual or perceived absence of a possession, circumstance, or individual is called loss. The response to loss is grief, and the outward, personal expression of grief is mourning. After a patient dies, the family members and other survivors experience loss. However, the experience of grief may also be associated with the loss of health or with changes in relationships or roles. […] Nurses can encourage a person who is bereaving to talk about the death and understand their feelings are normal. Individuals experiencing the bereavement process should allow for sufficient time for the expression of grief and, if possible, postpone significant decisions such as changing jobs or moving. If individuals connect with a specific religion or spiritual practice, leaning into these beliefs enhances coping during this difficult time. Individuals without a religious connection may still experience grief on a spiritual level; they can be encouraged to incorporate their individual beliefs on death and dying into healthy coping strategies. In all these instances, nurses offer individuals a sense of acceptance by encouraging them to express grief in their own way.

• #78 Strategies for Coping with Complicated Grief | Banner Health

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/better-me/what-you-can-do-when-dealing-with-complicated-grief

  Educate yourself about grief to better understand what your loved one is going through. […] Grief is difficult for everyone. It is important to recognize when grief becomes more complicated and to seek help to deal with those emotions and to learn healthy coping skills to support you through the grieving process, Dr. Fox said.

• #79 Understanding Complicated Grief – Cumberland Heights

  https://cumberlandheights.org/resources/blog/complicated-grief/

  There are evidence-based interventions to address each of these catalysts for complicated grief, including education, process groups, coping skills education, grounding, 12 Step groups, journaling, spiritual practices and trauma-specific therapy. […] Our goal is for everyone to participate in grief education especially young men. We need to help people understand that it isnt one thing like sadness; its a mix of emotions. […] Through meaning-making, therapy and community support, those who come to Cumberland Heights find freedom from complicated grief and substance use disorder.

• #80 Chapter 17 Grief and Loss – Nursing Fundamentals – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK591827/

  It is important for nurses to recognize that providing end-of-life care can have a significant impact on them. […] Compassion fatigue is a state of chronic and continuous self-sacrifice and/or prolonged exposure to difficult situations that affect a health care professional’s physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. […] Nurses are often present during these final days and moments with patients during this difficult and sacred time. […] Providing care at the end of life is similar for patients with a broad variety of medical diagnoses. […] The nurse has two primary responsibilities at this time: providing symptom management and preparing the family for what to expect as death is approaching. […] The nurse should continue to provide support for the family and offer assistance as needed, such as contacting other family members to inform them of the death.

• #81 Bereavement and Complicated Grief | Ausmed

  https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/bereavement-and-complicated-grief

  Grief is a natural response to loss. […] As a healthcare professional, you will witness loss and grief on a more frequent basis than people working in other professions. Therefore, its crucial for you to understand, identify and advise on grief. Its also important to acknowledge the impact that witnessing loss and grief on such a large scale will have on your own wellbeing. […] Complicated grief negatively impacts a persons relationships, employment and life. It is generally characterised by a sustained intensity of grief over a very long period of time. […] In the case of complicated grief, therapy may be beneficial in the form of specialist bereavement counselling, palliative care services, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or complicated grief therapy (CGT). […] Healthcare professionals are constantly confronted with loss and grief in their professional roles, which can lead to considerable stress and burnout. […] Bereavement does not follow a set pattern – it is experienced differently from person to person and across cultures. For many, the effects of bereavement will become more manageable over time. In the case of complicated grief, there are treatment options available.

• #82 Chapter 17 Grief and Loss – Nursing Fundamentals – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK591827/

  Grief is the emotional response to a loss, defined as the individualized and personalized feelings and responses that an individual makes to real, perceived, or anticipated loss. […] Complicated grief is seen in 10-20% of individuals experiencing the death of a romantic partner and with higher estimates for parents who have lost a child. […] Complicated grief may require professional assistance depending on its severity. […] Nurses can assist patients and family members during the fading away transition by being present and actively listening. […] As a nurse, you can greatly assist patients and families members as they move through the grieving process by being willing and committed to spending time with them. […] The nursing role during the bereavement period includes the following: Enhancing coping, Assessing and facilitating spirituality, Facilitating the grieving process by supporting the patient and survivors to feel the loss, express the loss, and move through the tasks of grief.

• #83 Nursing Grief and Loss – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518989/

  Grief and loss are something that all people experience in their lifetime. […] Nurses may share this personally or support patients and their families going through grief and loss. […] The nurse’s role is to provide compassionate care to the patient and loved ones, and this care differs from person to person. […] It is essential for the nurse to assist the patient and loved ones in coping with their grief, including anticipatory grief. […] It is essential to provide your patients and their loved ones with resources to adjust to their loss and help them through their grieving process. […] Complicated grief is when the feelings of loss are debilitating and do not improve after an extended amount of time passes. […] Individuals experiencing complicated grief generally need support and resources to help them reclaim a sense of acceptance and peace. […] The goals of care are for the patient and their loved ones to be free of complicated grieving and access adequate resources to allow for the natural grieving process. […] Nursing Diagnosis Related to Grief and Loss includes Risk for complicated grieving.

• #84 Grieving & Loss Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/grieving/

  Grief and loss are integral aspects of nursing care, demanding sensitivity and empathy. Nurses frequently provide solace to patients and their families during times of bereavement, offering a supportive presence and lending a listening ear. […] Nursings role in easing grief and navigating loss is fundamental, underscoring the professions dedication to holistic, compassionate care. […] Nurses hold a vital position in assisting individuals through their grieving process by offering empathetic support, counseling, and guidance on effective coping techniques. The nursing process encompasses developing a holistic care plan that attends to the clients physical, emotional, and spiritual requirements during their journey of grief. […] The following are the nursing priorities for clients experiencing grief and loss:

• #85 36.1 Concepts of Grief and Loss – Fundamentals of Nursing | OpenStax

  https://openstax.org/books/fundamentals-nursing/pages/36-1-concepts-of-grief-and-loss

  A disorder called complicated grief can occur after the death of a significant other. With this, the experience of distress accompanying bereavement fails to follow normative expectations and manifests in functional impairment. A specialized grief therapist may be necessary to address complicated grief. […] By identifying specific risk factors and common patterns of complicated grief, the nurse can create a safe environment for the patient to express themselves. With a nonjudgmental attitude, the nurse can help the patient seek support services, grief counseling, and mental health services as appropriate.

• #86 Complicated Grief: Risk Factors, Interventions, and Resources for Oncology Nurses | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://cjon.ons.org/publications-research/cjon/21/3/complicated-grief-risk-factors-interventions-and-resources-oncology

  Oncology nurses should stay abreast of available community resources so that family caregivers experiencing CG, or those at risk for CG, can be referred promptly to support groups, grief counseling, or spiritual support services. […] Nursing education has very little focus on the issues of loss and grief for family caregivers and even less focus on CG. […] Therefore, nursing educators should incorporate assessment and management of CG at all levels of the nursing curriculum and conduct educational research to measure the efficacy of adding CG-related content. […] Although Complicated Grief Treatment has been shown to be an effective treatment for CG symptoms, it is not widely available and typically requires a relatively lengthy treatment period. […] Future studies should focus on efficient ways of delivering treatment for CG and other effective forms of psychotherapy to more individuals. […] Oncology nurses often encounter individuals who are suffering with, or who are at risk for, CG. […] Prompt recognition and referral to supportive services and mental health experts can help facilitate early and effective treatment.

• #87 Complicated Grief: Risk Factors, Interventions, and Resources for Oncology Nurses | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://cjon.ons.org/publications-research/cjon/21/3/complicated-grief-risk-factors-interventions-and-resources-oncology

  Oncology nurses should stay abreast of available community resources so that family caregivers experiencing CG, or those at risk for CG, can be referred promptly to support groups, grief counseling, or spiritual support services. […] Nursing education has very little focus on the issues of loss and grief for family caregivers and even less focus on CG. […] Therefore, nursing educators should incorporate assessment and management of CG at all levels of the nursing curriculum and conduct educational research to measure the efficacy of adding CG-related content. […] Although Complicated Grief Treatment has been shown to be an effective treatment for CG symptoms, it is not widely available and typically requires a relatively lengthy treatment period. […] Future studies should focus on efficient ways of delivering treatment for CG and other effective forms of psychotherapy to more individuals. […] Oncology nurses often encounter individuals who are suffering with, or who are at risk for, CG. […] Prompt recognition and referral to supportive services and mental health experts can help facilitate early and effective treatment.

• #88 19: Grieving and Complicated Grieving | Nurse Key

  https://nursekey.com/19-grieving-and-complicated-grieving/

  Nurses are not immune to grief reactions. […] It is helpful to know what happens during the process of mourning, what might help others through this process, and how to identify an individual who is having difficulty resolving his or her pain and sorrow (complicated grieving). […] Nurses can help bereaved individuals by listening, assisting in communication, teaching families about the process of dying, or facilitating bereavement with opportunities to prevent ill health and to help families find new directions for growth. […] It is helpful for all nurses to understand the complex process of grieving so they can differentiate normal grief from complicated grief. […] Offering information to the bereaved individual about useful and appropriate responses and suggesting resources that might help him or her through the grieving process can also broaden an understanding of ourselves.

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