Zakażenie wirusem brodawczaka ludzkiego (hpv)
Leczenie

Zakażenie wirusem brodawczaka ludzkiego (HPV) jest powszechną infekcją przenoszoną drogą płciową, dla której nie istnieje skuteczna terapia eliminująca wirusa z organizmu. Leczenie koncentruje się na usuwaniu objawów, takich jak brodawki narządów płciowych (głównie HPV 6 i 11), oraz na terapii zmian przednowotworowych i nowotworów wywołanych przez typy wysokiego ryzyka (HPV 16, 18). W terapii brodawek stosuje się miejscowo środki cytotoksyczne (np. podofiloks 0,5%, 5-fluorouracyl, kwas trójchlorooctowy 80-90%) oraz modyfikatory odpowiedzi immunologicznej (imiquimod 5%, sinekatechy 15%, interferon alfa). W przypadku nieskuteczności farmakoterapii lub rozległych zmian stosuje się metody zabiegowe, takie jak krioterapia, elektrokoagulacja, laseroterapia czy usunięcie chirurgiczne. Nawrót brodawek występuje u 20-50% pacjentów w ciągu 3-6 miesięcy po leczeniu. Zmiany przednowotworowe szyjki macicy (CIN 1-3) oraz inne lokalizacje (VIN, VAIN, AIN) wymagają odpowiedniego leczenia, od obserwacji po zabiegi chirurgiczne i laseroterapię, w zależności od stopnia zaawansowania. Leczenie nowotworów związanych z HPV obejmuje chirurgię, radioterapię, chemioterapię, leczenie celowane i immunoterapię, z pięcioletnim przeżyciem w raku szyjki macicy na poziomie 66-79% przy zastosowaniu radiochemioterapii.

  1. Wprowadzenie do leczenia zakażenia wirusem brodawczaka ludzkiego
  2. Leczenie brodawek narządów płciowych
    1. Leki stosowane miejscowo
    2. Metody zabiegowe
  3. Leczenie zmian przednowotworowych
    1. Zmiany przednowotworowe szyjki macicy
    2. Zmiany przednowotworowe w innych lokalizacjach
  4. Leczenie nowotworów związanych z HPV
  5. Profilaktyka i zapobieganie zakażeniom HPV
    1. Szczepienia przeciwko HPV
    2. Badania przesiewowe
    3. Inne metody profilaktyki
  6. Nowe kierunki w leczeniu zakażeń HPV
    1. Szczepionki terapeutyczne
    2. Leki przeciwwirusowe
    3. Terapie immunomodulujące
  7. Zalecenia dotyczące postępowania u pacjentów z zakażeniem HPV
  8. Podsumowanie leczenia zakażenia wirusem brodawczaka ludzkiego
    1. Kolejne rozdziały

Wprowadzenie do leczenia zakażenia wirusem brodawczaka ludzkiego

Zakażenie wirusem brodawczaka ludzkiego (HPV) jest jedną z najczęstszych infekcji przenoszonych drogą płciową. Istotnym aspektem w kontekście tego zakażenia jest fakt, że obecnie nie istnieje skuteczna terapia, która mogłaby całkowicie wyeliminować wirusa z organizmu.12 Leczenie zakażenia HPV koncentruje się na usuwaniu objawów i zmian chorobowych wywołanych przez wirusa, a nie na eliminacji samego patogenu.3

Większość zakażeń HPV (około 90%) ustępuje samoistnie w ciągu 1-2 lat dzięki prawidłowo działającemu układowi odpornościowemu.45 Jednak w przypadku utrzymującego się zakażenia, szczególnie typami wysokiego ryzyka HPV, mogą rozwinąć się stany przednowotworowe lub nowotwory złośliwe, które wymagają specjalistycznego leczenia.67

Metody lecznicze stosowane w przypadku zakażenia HPV można podzielić na kilka głównych kategorii, w zależności od objawów klinicznych, które wywołuje wirus: leczenie brodawek narządów płciowych, leczenie zmian przednowotworowych oraz leczenie nowotworów związanych z zakażeniem HPV.89

Leczenie brodawek narządów płciowych

Brodawki narządów płciowych są jednym z najczęstszych objawów zakażenia HPV typami niskiego ryzyka (głównie HPV 6 i 11). Chociaż brodawki te mogą ustąpić samoistnie, często wymagają interwencji medycznej ze względów estetycznych, psychologicznych lub w celu zmniejszenia ryzyka przeniesienia wirusa.1011

Leki stosowane miejscowo

Dostępne są dwie główne grupy leków stosowanych miejscowo w leczeniu brodawek narządów płciowych:12

  1. Środki cytotoksyczne:
    • Podofiloks (Condylox) – żel lub roztwór 0,5%, stosowany bezpośrednio na brodawki dwa razy dziennie przez 3 dni, po czym następuje 4-dniowa przerwa. Cykl można powtarzać do czterech razy.1314
    • Podofilina (żywica podofilowa) – zawiera podofilotoksynę, stosowana przez lekarza na zewnętrzne brodawki narządów płciowych.15
    • 5-Fluorouracyl (5-FU) – zakłóca syntezę DNA i RNA, powodując śmierć komórek.16
    • Kwas trójchlorooctowy (TCA) i kwas dwuchlorooctowy (BCA) – silne środki keratolityczne stosowane w stężeniu 80-90%, nakładane bezpośrednio na brodawki.1718
  2. Modyfikatory odpowiedzi immunologicznej:
    • Imikwimod (Aldara, Zyclara) – krem 5%, 3,75% lub 2,5%, stymuluje produkcję cytokin (w tym interferonu alfa), stosowany przed snem 3 razy w tygodniu przez okres do 16 tygodni.1920
    • Sinekatechy (Veregen) – 15% maść z ekstraktu zielonej herbaty, stosowana trzy razy dziennie przez okres do 16 tygodni.2122
    • Interferon alfa – stosowany w formie iniekcji bezpośrednio do brodawki.2324

Metody zabiegowe

W przypadku gdy leczenie farmakologiczne jest nieskuteczne lub występują liczne, rozległe brodawki, stosuje się następujące metody zabiegowe:2526

  • Krioterapia – zamrażanie brodawek ciekłym azotem, stosowane co 1-2 tygodnie przez okres do 4 tygodni.27
  • Elektrokoagulacja – usuwanie brodawek za pomocą prądu elektrycznego.28
  • Usunięcie chirurgiczne – wycięcie brodawek skalpelem.29
  • Laseroterapia – odparowanie brodawek za pomocą lasera CO2 lub YAG.30
  • Koagulacja podczerwoną – niszczenie brodawek za pomocą promieniowania podczerwonego.31

Wybór metody leczenia brodawek zależy od wielu czynników, takich jak wielkość, liczba i lokalizacja zmian, preferencje pacjenta, doświadczenie lekarza oraz dostępność poszczególnych metod terapeutycznych.32 Często stosuje się kombinację różnych metod w celu zwiększenia skuteczności leczenia.33

Należy podkreślić, że żadna z dostępnych metod leczenia brodawek nie eliminuje wirusa HPV z organizmu, a jedynie usuwa widoczne zmiany. Z tego powodu brodawki mogą nawracać, co wymaga powtórzenia terapii.34 Częstość nawrotów wynosi około 20-50% w ciągu 3-6 miesięcy po zakończeniu leczenia.35

Leczenie zmian przednowotworowych

Zakażenie typami wysokiego ryzyka HPV (głównie HPV 16 i 18) może prowadzić do rozwoju zmian przednowotworowych, szczególnie w obrębie szyjki macicy, ale także w innych lokalizacjach, takich jak pochwa, srom, odbyt czy gardło.36 Wczesne wykrycie i leczenie tych zmian ma kluczowe znaczenie w zapobieganiu rozwojowi raka.37

Zmiany przednowotworowe szyjki macicy

Zmiany przednowotworowe szyjki macicy (śródnabłonkowa neoplazja szyjki macicy, CIN) klasyfikuje się jako CIN 1 (łagodne), CIN 2 (umiarkowane) lub CIN 3 (ciężkie). Wybór metody leczenia zależy od stopnia zaawansowania zmian:3839

  • Obserwacja i kontrola – w przypadku łagodnych zmian (CIN 1), które często ustępują samoistnie, zaleca się regularne badania cytologiczne i kontrolne testy HPV.40
  • Krioterapia – zamrażanie zmienionych chorobowo komórek szyjki macicy ciekłym azotem.41
  • LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure) – usunięcie zmienionych tkanek za pomocą pętli elektrochirurgicznej; metoda ta pozwala na uzyskanie materiału do badania histopatologicznego.4243
  • Konizacja zimnym nożem – chirurgiczne usunięcie stożkowatego fragmentu szyjki macicy zawierającego zmienione tkanki.44
  • Laseroterapia – precyzyjne usunięcie zmienionych tkanek za pomocą lasera.45
  • Kolposkopia – procedura diagnostyczna pozwalająca na dokładne zbadanie szyjki macicy; może być również wykorzystana w leczeniu poprzez usunięcie zmienionych tkanek.46

Zmiany przednowotworowe w innych lokalizacjach

Zakażenie HPV może prowadzić do rozwoju zmian przednowotworowych również w innych lokalizacjach:47

W przypadku zmian przednowotworowych wysokiego stopnia (CIN 2/3, VIN 2/3, VAIN 2/3, AIN 2/3) aktywne leczenie jest zazwyczaj konieczne, aby zapobiec rozwojowi raka.51 Wybór metody leczenia zależy od lokalizacji i rozległości zmian, wieku pacjenta oraz potencjalnego wpływu na płodność.52

Leczenie nowotworów związanych z HPV

W przypadku gdy zmiany przednowotworowe nie zostaną odpowiednio wcześnie wykryte i leczone, mogą rozwinąć się nowotwory złośliwe związane z zakażeniem HPV. Najczęstszym z nich jest rak szyjki macicy, ale HPV jest również odpowiedzialny za znaczący odsetek przypadków raka sromu, pochwy, odbytu, prącia oraz gardła (w szczególności migdałków i podstawy języka).5354

Leczenie nowotworów związanych z HPV jest podobne do leczenia innych nowotworów o tej samej lokalizacji i zależy od stadium zaawansowania, wieku pacjenta oraz jego ogólnego stanu zdrowia.55 Główne metody leczenia obejmują:56

  • Chirurgia – wycięcie guza wraz z marginesem zdrowych tkanek; w przypadku raka szyjki macicy może obejmować histerektomię (usunięcie macicy).57
  • Radioterapia – wykorzystanie promieniowania jonizującego do niszczenia komórek nowotworowych.58
  • Chemioterapia – stosowanie leków przeciwnowotworowych, często w połączeniu z radioterapią (tzw. radiochemioterapia).59
  • Leczenie celowane – stosowanie leków ukierunkowanych na specyficzne cechy komórek nowotworowych.60
  • Immunoterapia – stymulacja układu odpornościowego do walki z nowotworem.61

Warto podkreślić, że nowotwory związane z HPV, szczególnie rak szyjki macicy, mają lepsze rokowanie, jeśli są wykryte i leczone we wczesnym stadium.62 Pięcioletnie przeżycie w przypadku raka szyjki macicy wynosi 66-79% dzięki zastosowaniu radiochemioterapii.63

W ostatnich latach prowadzone są badania nad nowymi metodami leczenia nowotworów związanych z HPV, w tym nad inhibitorami małych cząsteczek ukierunkowanych na białka wirusa E6/E7 oraz nad szczepionkami terapeutycznymi, które mogłyby stymulować układ odpornościowy do eliminacji zakażonych komórek.6465

Profilaktyka i zapobieganie zakażeniom HPV

Ponieważ nie ma skutecznego leczenia przyczynowego zakażenia HPV, kluczową rolę odgrywa profilaktyka. Główne metody zapobiegania zakażeniom HPV i ich powikłaniom obejmują:66

Szczepienia przeciwko HPV

Szczepionki przeciwko HPV są najskuteczniejszą metodą zapobiegania zakażeniom HPV i związanym z nimi chorobom.67 Obecnie dostępna jest szczepionka 9-walentna (Gardasil 9), która chroni przed zakażeniem typami HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 i 58, odpowiedzialnymi za większość przypadków raka szyjki macicy, sromu, pochwy, odbytu, prącia, gardła oraz brodawek narządów płciowych.68

Zalecenia dotyczące szczepień przeciwko HPV:6970

  • Optymalny wiek do szczepienia: 11-12 lat (przed rozpoczęciem aktywności seksualnej).
  • Szczepienia można rozpocząć już od 9. roku życia.
  • U osób w wieku 9-14 lat stosuje się schemat dwudawkowy (0, 6-12 miesięcy).
  • U osób w wieku 15-26 lat oraz u osób zakażonych HIV zaleca się schemat trójdawkowy (0, 1-2, 6 miesięcy).
  • U osób w wieku 27-45 lat decyzję o szczepieniu podejmuje się indywidualnie, w zależności od ryzyka narażenia na nowe zakażenie HPV.

Szczepionki przeciwko HPV są wysoce skuteczne w zapobieganiu rozwojowi zmian przednowotworowych i nowotworów związanych z typami HPV zawartymi w szczepionce, pod warunkiem że są podane przed narażeniem na zakażenie.71 Chociaż szczepionki nie leczą istniejącego zakażenia HPV, mogą zapobiec nowym zakażeniom innymi typami wirusa.72

Badania przesiewowe

Regularne badania przesiewowe są kluczowe dla wczesnego wykrywania zmian przednowotworowych, szczególnie w obrębie szyjki macicy, co pozwala na wdrożenie odpowiedniego leczenia przed rozwojem raka.73 Główne metody badań przesiewowych obejmują:7475

  • Cytologia szyjki macicy (test Papanicolaou, „pap smear”) – pozwala na wykrycie nieprawidłowych komórek w szyjce macicy.
  • Test na obecność DNA HPV – wykrywa obecność wysokoonkogennych typów HPV w szyjce macicy; metoda ta jest coraz częściej stosowana jako podstawowe badanie przesiewowe u kobiet powyżej 30. roku życia.
  • Badanie z użyciem kwasu octowego – powoduje białe zabarwienie nieprawidłowych komórek, co ułatwia ich identyfikację podczas badania wzrokowego.
  • Kolposkopia – dokładne badanie szyjki macicy za pomocą specjalnego mikroskopu (kolposkopu) po uzyskaniu nieprawidłowego wyniku cytologii lub testu HPV.

Zalecenia dotyczące badań przesiewowych w kierunku raka szyjki macicy różnią się w zależności od kraju i organizacji medycznych, ale ogólnie obejmują:76

  • Rozpoczęcie badań w wieku 21-25 lat.
  • Regularne badania co 3-5 lat, w zależności od zastosowanej metody (cytologia, test HPV lub połączenie obu metod).
  • Kontynuowanie badań do 65-70 roku życia, pod warunkiem uzyskiwania prawidłowych wyników w przeszłości.

W przypadku innych nowotworów związanych z HPV, takich jak rak odbytu, badania przesiewowe mogą być zalecane w grupach wysokiego ryzyka, takich jak osoby zakażone HIV, mężczyźni mający kontakty seksualne z mężczyznami czy osoby z immunosupresją.77

Inne metody profilaktyki

Oprócz szczepień i badań przesiewowych, istnieją również inne metody zmniejszające ryzyko zakażenia HPV i rozwoju związanych z nim chorób:7879

  • Stosowanie prezerwatyw podczas kontaktów seksualnych – zmniejsza ryzyko zakażenia, chociaż nie zapewnia pełnej ochrony, ponieważ HPV może być przenoszony przez kontakt skóra-skóra w obszarach niechronionych prezerwatywą.
  • Ograniczenie liczby partnerów seksualnych – zmniejsza ryzyko narażenia na zakażenie HPV.
  • Unikanie palenia tytoniu – palenie jest czynnikiem ryzyka przetrwałego zakażenia HPV i rozwoju raka szyjki macicy.
  • Wzmacnianie układu odpornościowego – prawidłowo funkcjonujący układ odpornościowy może eliminować zakażenie HPV.

Nowe kierunki w leczeniu zakażeń HPV

Badania nad nowymi metodami leczenia zakażeń HPV są intensywnie prowadzone. Obiecujące kierunki badań obejmują:8081

Szczepionki terapeutyczne

W przeciwieństwie do szczepionek profilaktycznych, które zapobiegają zakażeniu, szczepionki terapeutyczne mają na celu stymulację układu odpornościowego do eliminacji już istniejącego zakażenia HPV lub do zwalczania komórek zmienionych w wyniku zakażenia.82 Obecnie ponad 20 kandydatów na szczepionki terapeutyczne przeciwko HPV jest w różnych fazach badań klinicznych.83

Szczepionki terapeutyczne ukierunkowane są głównie na białka wirusowe E6 i E7, które odgrywają kluczową rolę w transformacji nowotworowej komórek zakażonych HPV. Wstępne wyniki badań klinicznych wykazały pewną skuteczność tych szczepionek w leczeniu śródnabłonkowej neoplazji sromu wysokiego stopnia, co korelowało z silną i szeroką odpowiedzią immunologiczną przeciwko HPV.84

Leki przeciwwirusowe

Trwają badania nad rozwojem specyficznych leków przeciwwirusowych ukierunkowanych na HPV. Przykłady obejmują:8586

  • Inhibitory małych cząsteczek ukierunkowane na aktywność wiązania DNA białek wirusowych E1/E2 lub na antyapoptotyczne działanie onkogenów E6/E7.
  • Inhibitory proteasomu i deacetylazy histonów, które mogą nasilać apoptozę w komórkach nowotworowych HPV-dodatnich.
  • Inhibitory szlaku MEK/ERK, takie jak trametynib, które mogą hamować produkcję białek E6 i E7 w komórkach zakażonych HPV, co prowadzi do normalizacji ich zachowania.
  • Kombinacje leków przeciwretrowirusowych, takich jak lopinawir i rytonawir, które wykazują potencjał w leczeniu istniejących zakażeń HPV.

Szczególnie obiecującym kierunkiem badań jest rozwój miejscowych żeli przeciwwirusowych, które mogłyby być stosowane bezpośrednio na zakażone obszary w celu hamowania replikacji wirusa i eliminacji zakażonych komórek.8788

Terapie immunomodulujące

Metody terapeutyczne, które mogą wzmacniać lub modulować odpowiedź immunologiczną przeciwko HPV, są również przedmiotem badań:89

  • Terapia fotodynamiczna (PDT) – polega na wykorzystaniu reakcji fototoksycznej do niszczenia zakażonych tkanek i wzmacniania odpowiedzi immunologicznej.
  • Immunoterapia doogniskowa – polega na wstrzykiwaniu środków immunomodulujących bezpośrednio do zmian wywołanych przez HPV, co stymuluje miejscową odpowiedź immunologiczną.
  • Inosyna Pranobex – lek o działaniu immunomodulującym i przeciwwirusowym, stosowany w niektórych krajach w leczeniu brodawek narządów płciowych i zakażeń HPV.

Kombinacje tych nowych podejść terapeutycznych z istniejącymi metodami leczenia mogą potencjalnie zwiększyć skuteczność terapii zakażeń HPV i związanych z nimi chorób.90

Zalecenia dotyczące postępowania u pacjentów z zakażeniem HPV

Postępowanie u pacjentów z zakażeniem HPV powinno być dostosowane do indywidualnej sytuacji klinicznej, uwzględniając typ wirusa, lokalizację zmian, wiek i stan zdrowia pacjenta oraz preferencje terapeutyczne.91 Ogólne zalecenia obejmują:9293

  1. Regularną kontrolę medyczną – pacjenci z zakażeniem HPV, szczególnie typami wysokiego ryzyka, powinni regularnie zgłaszać się na wizyty kontrolne w celu monitorowania stanu zdrowia i wczesnego wykrycia ewentualnych zmian chorobowych.
  2. Badania przesiewowe – kobiety z zakażeniem HPV powinny regularnie wykonywać badania cytologiczne i testy HPV zgodnie z obowiązującymi zaleceniami.
  3. Leczenie objawów – w przypadku wystąpienia brodawek narządów płciowych lub innych objawów zakażenia HPV, należy wdrożyć odpowiednie leczenie, dostosowane do rodzaju i lokalizacji zmian.
  4. Leczenie zmian przednowotworowych – w przypadku wykrycia zmian przednowotworowych, szczególnie wysokiego stopnia, zaleca się aktywne leczenie w celu zapobieżenia rozwojowi raka.
  5. Modyfikację stylu życia – zaleca się unikanie palenia tytoniu, które może zwiększać ryzyko przetrwałego zakażenia HPV i rozwoju raka, oraz wzmacnianie układu odpornościowego poprzez zdrowy styl życia.
  6. Informowanie partnerów seksualnych – osoby z zakażeniem HPV powinny informować swoich partnerów seksualnych o zakażeniu i stosować metody zmniejszające ryzyko przeniesienia wirusa.
  7. Szczepienia – osoby niezaszczepione przeciwko HPV mogą rozważyć szczepienie, nawet jeśli są już zakażone, ponieważ szczepionka może chronić przed innymi typami wirusa.

W przypadku pacjentów z immunosupresją, takich jak osoby zakażone HIV lub po przeszczepieniu narządów, zaleca się bardziej agresywne podejście do leczenia zmian wywołanych przez HPV, ponieważ w tej grupie pacjentów zakażenie częściej utrzymuje się i może prowadzić do poważniejszych konsekwencji zdrowotnych.94

Podsumowanie leczenia zakażenia wirusem brodawczaka ludzkiego

Leczenie zakażenia wirusem brodawczaka ludzkiego pozostaje wyzwaniem klinicznym, głównie ze względu na brak skutecznej terapii przyczynowej. Obecnie dostępne metody leczenia koncentrują się na usuwaniu objawów zakażenia, takich jak brodawki narządów płciowych, oraz na zapobieganiu rozwojowi zmian przednowotworowych i nowotworów złośliwych.95

Kluczową rolę w zapobieganiu powikłaniom zakażenia HPV odgrywa wczesne wykrywanie zmian chorobowych poprzez regularne badania przesiewowe oraz profilaktyka pierwotna w formie szczepień przeciwko HPV.96 Szczepionki przeciwko HPV są wysoce skuteczne w zapobieganiu zakażeniom typami wirusa zawartymi w szczepionce, pod warunkiem że są podane przed narażeniem na zakażenie.97

Intensywne badania nad nowymi metodami leczenia zakażeń HPV, takimi jak szczepionki terapeutyczne, specyficzne leki przeciwwirusowe czy terapie immunomodulujące, dają nadzieję na rozwój skuteczniejszych opcji terapeutycznych w przyszłości.98 Szczególnie obiecujące wydają się szczepionki terapeutyczne, które mogłyby stymulować układ odpornościowy do eliminacji istniejącego zakażenia HPV.99

Do czasu opracowania skutecznych metod leczenia przyczynowego zakażenia HPV, kluczowe znaczenie ma kompleksowe podejście obejmujące profilaktykę, wczesne wykrywanie i odpowiednie leczenie zmian chorobowych wywołanych przez wirusa, co pozwala na zmniejszenie ryzyka rozwoju poważnych powikłań zdrowotnych, takich jak nowotwory złośliwe.100101

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  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 HPV (Human Papillomavirus): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11901-hpv-human-papilloma-virus
    Some strains of HPV are high-risk and can lead to cancers, like cervical, vulvar and vaginal cancers. Early detection (with a Pap smear or HPV screening) and treatment of precancerous cells can usually prevent this from happening. […] Treatments cant rid your body of the virus. They can remove any visible warts on your genitals or other body parts, and abnormal cells in your cervix. Treatments may include: […] Only a small number of people with high-risk HPV will develop abnormal cervical cells that require treatment to prevent the cells from becoming cancer. […] The only way to prevent HPV is to abstain from sex. For many people, more realistic goals include reducing the risk of contracting HPV and preventing cervical cancer while still enjoying a healthy sex life. […] Early detection of high-risk strains and follow-up screenings such as frequent Pap tests can prevent HPV from causing cervical cancer. […] No. There isnt a cure for HPV. Still, your immune system is incredibly efficient at getting rid of the virus for you. Most HPV infections (about 90%) are cleared within a year or two.
  • #2 Human papillomavirus (HPV)
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/human-papilloma-virus-hpv/
    There’s no treatment for the HPV infection. Most HPV infections do not cause any problems and are cleared by your body within 2 years. […] If HPV causes problems, such as genital warts or changes to cells in the cervix, you can have treatment for these.
  • #3 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection – STI Treatment Guidelines
    https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/hpv.htm
    Treatment is directed to the macroscopic (e.g., genital warts) or pathologic precancerous lesions caused by HPV. […] Specific antiviral therapy is not recommended to eradicate HPV infection. […] Treatments are available for the conditions caused by HPV but not for the virus itself.
  • #4 HPV (Human Papillomavirus): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11901-hpv-human-papilloma-virus
    Some strains of HPV are high-risk and can lead to cancers, like cervical, vulvar and vaginal cancers. Early detection (with a Pap smear or HPV screening) and treatment of precancerous cells can usually prevent this from happening. […] Treatments cant rid your body of the virus. They can remove any visible warts on your genitals or other body parts, and abnormal cells in your cervix. Treatments may include: […] Only a small number of people with high-risk HPV will develop abnormal cervical cells that require treatment to prevent the cells from becoming cancer. […] The only way to prevent HPV is to abstain from sex. For many people, more realistic goals include reducing the risk of contracting HPV and preventing cervical cancer while still enjoying a healthy sex life. […] Early detection of high-risk strains and follow-up screenings such as frequent Pap tests can prevent HPV from causing cervical cancer. […] No. There isnt a cure for HPV. Still, your immune system is incredibly efficient at getting rid of the virus for you. Most HPV infections (about 90%) are cleared within a year or two.
  • #5 Treatment of HPV Virus infection | Warts May Disappear
    https://www.hpv.org.nz/hpv-treatment/treatment-hpv-virus-infection
    Only genital warts and high grade cervical abnormalities are treated. There is no treatment for HPV that is 'silent’ i.e. has no symptoms. […] HPV is a common infection and is usually naturally cleared by the body’s immune system within 1-2 years.
  • #6 Human papillomavirus (HPV)
    https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/F_I/Human-papillomavirus-HPV
    HPV is a common virus that affects people of all genders. […] There are a range of treatment options for warts. […] There is no cure or treatment for HPV. It will, in the majority of cases, be cleared by your immune system. Most cases of HPV infection are cleared by the body in one to two years. […] However, some effects of the virus can be treated, such as any genital warts that appear or changes to the cells of the cervix. […] Occasionally, some types of HPV are not cleared by the body. It is unclear why this happens in some people and not others, although some factors (like smoking) are thought to be a risk factor.
  • #7 Human papillomavirus infection – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_papillomavirus_infection
    HPV vaccines can prevent the most common types of infection. […] To be most effective, inoculation should occur before the onset of sexual activity, and are therefore recommended between the ages of 9-13 years. […] Cervical cancer screening, such as the Papanicolaou test („pap smear”), or examination of the cervix after applying acetic acid, can detect both early cancer and abnormal cells that may develop into cancer. […] Screening allows for early treatment which results in better outcomes. […] Screening has reduced both the number of cases and the number of deaths from cervical cancer. […] Genital warts can be removed by freezing. […] There is currently no specific treatment for HPV infection. […] However, the viral infection is usually cleared to undetectable levels by the immune system.
  • #8 Therapy of Human Papillomavirus-Related Disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4155500/
    This chapter reviews the current treatment of chronic and neoplastic HPV-associated conditions and the development of novel therapeutic approaches. […] Surgical excision of HPV-associated lower genital tract neoplasia is very successful but largely depends on secondary prevention programmes for identification of disease. […] Only high-risk HPV-driven chronic, preneoplastic lesions and some very early cancers cannot be successfully treated by surgical procedures alone. […] Chemoradiation therapy of cervical cancer contributes to the 6679% cervical cancer survival at 5 years. […] Topical agents such as imiquimod (immune response modifier), cidofovir (inhibition of viral replication; induction apoptosis) or photodynamic therapy (direct damage of tumour and augmentation of anti-tumour immunity) have all shown some useful efficacy (~5060%) in treatment of high grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.
  • #9
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-papilloma-virus-and-cancer
    There is currently no treatment for HPV infection. Treatments exist for genital warts, cervical precancers and cervical cancer. […] Non-cancerous genital warts and precancerous lesions in the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus or penis can be removed or treated by ablation (freezing or heating) or with surgery. […] Currently, cancer of the cervix (cervical cancer) is the only HPV-caused cancer for which screening tests are available. […] Treatments for cancers caused by HPV (including cervical cancer) are more effective if diagnosed early. Treatment should begin quickly after diagnosis. […] Management pathways for invasive cancer care are important tools to ensure that a patient is referred promptly and supported as they navigate the steps to diagnosis and treatment decisions. […] As low- and middle-income countries scale-up cervical screening, more cases of invasive cervical cancer will be detected, especially in previously unscreened populations. Therefore, referral and treatment strategies need to be implemented and expanded alongside prevention services.
  • #10 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Considerations in Specific Patient Subgroups, Pharmacologic Therapy
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219110-treatment
    The goal of treatment is to remove warts and alleviate any present symptoms. The appearance of warts can cause significant psychosocial distress, and their removal can address cosmetic concerns. If untreated, anogenital warts may spontaneously resolve, remain unchanged, or increase in size or number. Since warts might resolve on their own in less than a year, some individuals may choose to wait for spontaneous resolution instead of undergoing treatment. Available therapies for anogenital warts may reduce, but are unlikely to completely eradicate HPV infectivity or risk of developing cancer. […] The primary goal of treatment is to eradicate or reduce symptoms. Treatment is typically reserved for visible warts. The general strategy involves removing as many visible lesions as possible until the host immune system can manage viral replication. Treating subclinical anogenital or mucosal HPV infections in the absence of dysplasia is not recommended, as there is no evidence that treatment eliminates HPV infection or reduces infectivity. Recurrence of warts after treatment can occur due to activation of latent virus in surrounding healthy skin.
  • #11 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Considerations in Specific Patient Subgroups, Pharmacologic Therapy
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219110-treatment
    It is challenging to find a single curative treatment for condylomata acuminata (genital warts). Although various therapies exist for genital warts, no single modality has demonstrated superiority, and no single treatment is ideal for all wart types. Factors influencing treatment decisions include lesion size, morphology, number, location, cost, adverse effects, patient preferences, prior treatments, and provider experience. […] Common treatments involve direct lesion ablation such as surgical excision, chemical ablation, and cryotherapy. Improper use of these treatments can lead to unnecessary tissue damage. Most patients require multiple treatments over weeks to months. If substantial improvement is not seen after three physician-administered treatments or complete clearance is not achieved after six treatments, a different approach should be considered. HIV-positive patients or those immunosuppressed may require multiple treatment methods, as their warts often do not respond well to therapy. Recurrence is noted in 20-30% of patients regardless of the chosen therapy, which can be frustrating for both patients and physicians alike.
  • #12 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Considerations in Specific Patient Subgroups, Pharmacologic Therapy
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219110-treatment
    Both provider-applied treatments and patient-applied treatments are available for HPV disease. All medications used for treatment are applied topically on cutaneous surfaces. Local skin reactions and pain are common adverse effects. These medications should not be applied to mucosal surfaces, dysplastic lesions, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), verrucous carcinoma, or Bowenoid papulosis. […] There are two broad categories of medications effective in treating HPV disease: Cytotoxic agents and Immune response modifiers. […] Podofilox gel or solution is the first-line treatment choice for external genital warts in nonpregnant patients. […] Podophyllin resin, containing podophyllotoxin, is a cytotoxic agent used for physician-applied treatment of external genital warts. […] 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) interferes with DNA and RNA synthesis, causing cell death.
  • #13 Is There an HPV Cure? What Are Treatment Options?
    https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/hpv-genital-warts/hpv-treatment-is-there-hpv-cure
    If you need treatment, your doctor can prescribe a cream that you can use at home. There are two options: Imiquimod (Aldara, Zyclara) and Podofilox (Condylox). […] Your doctor can also prescribe other types of wart-removal treatments. Among the options: Cryotherapy freezes off of the wart with liquid nitrogen. Trichloracetic acid is a chemical thats put on the surface of the wart. They can remove the cells surgically, with a scalpel. They can burn off warts using an electric current (electrocautery). A laser can vaporize the warts. […] Having the warts surgically removed may cure the problem in just one visit. Other techniques work about 80% to 90% of the time.
  • #14
    https://www.everlywell.com/blog/hpv/can-hpv-be-cured-with-antibiotics/?srsltid=AfmBOop7rLdZ4m0DLyfrqR3yEVp69L3Qsm9IUzzfeTjiFgMAxwqe2d54
    No, antibiotics are not an effective treatment for an HPV infection. […] Yes there is no cure for HPV. Rather, your body is likely to eradicate the virus itself in about one to two years. […] If you have a low-risk HPV strain that causes warts, your healthcare provider may prescribe a topical cream or medication to treat the warts directly, such as Imiquimod (Aldara), Podofilox (Condylox), or Trichloroacetic acid (TCA). […] They can also remove visible genital warts through such methods as Cryotherapy, Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), Electrocautery, and Laser therapy. […] There is no cure for HPV, but it is possible to test for precancerous cells when infected with a high-risk HPV genotype.
  • #15 Therapy of cutaneous human Papillomavirus infections – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15571494/
    Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) are double-stranded DNA viruses, which result in a variety of clinical manifestations according to type. […] Because there is currently no cure for HPV infection, treatment focuses on the alleviation of signs and symptoms. […] Traditional treatment modalities have focused on the destruction of infected tissue through a variety of techniques. These include podophyllin resin, podophyllotoxin, salicylic acid, trichloroacetic acid, bichloroacetic acid, cryotherapy, laser, and surgical techniques. […] More recently, immunomodulatory compounds with antiviral properties have demonstrated superior efficacy with clearance rates up to 77% and low recurrence rates. […] Most importantly, clinical trials of vaccines to prevent acquisition of oncogenic HPV are demonstrating marked safety and efficacy.
  • #16 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Considerations in Specific Patient Subgroups, Pharmacologic Therapy
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219110-treatment
    Both provider-applied treatments and patient-applied treatments are available for HPV disease. All medications used for treatment are applied topically on cutaneous surfaces. Local skin reactions and pain are common adverse effects. These medications should not be applied to mucosal surfaces, dysplastic lesions, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), verrucous carcinoma, or Bowenoid papulosis. […] There are two broad categories of medications effective in treating HPV disease: Cytotoxic agents and Immune response modifiers. […] Podofilox gel or solution is the first-line treatment choice for external genital warts in nonpregnant patients. […] Podophyllin resin, containing podophyllotoxin, is a cytotoxic agent used for physician-applied treatment of external genital warts. […] 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) interferes with DNA and RNA synthesis, causing cell death.
  • #17 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Considerations in Specific Patient Subgroups, Pharmacologic Therapy
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219110-treatment
    TCA and BCA are potent keratolytic agents used for all types of cutaneous warts, while salicylic acid is milder and used primarily for nongenital warts. […] Imiquimod stimulates cytokine production (including interferon alfa) but lacks direct antiviral activity. […] Interferon alfa is a naturally occurring cytokine produced either through recombinant DNA technology or from pooled human leukocytes. […] Various surgical techniques are available for the treatment of HPV disease. […] Overall, physical destruction or excision has been more effective in eradicating genital warts than medical therapy. […] Recurrences are common due to the virus residing in the basal layer of the epidermis in a latent state, and retreatment is frequently necessary. […] Because HPV resides in the basal layer of the epidermis in a latent state, recurrences are common and retreatment is often necessary. Patients typically are monitored on a periodic basis to assess for efficacy of treatment, unwanted side effects, and the development of complications.
  • #18 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/human-papillomavirus-hpv-infection
    A local or general anesthetic is used depending on the size and number to be removed. Extensive vulvovaginal warts may require laser ablation. […] Topical treatments include antimitotics (eg, podophyllotoxin, podophyllin, 5-fluorouracil), caustics (eg, trichloroacetic acid), interferon inducers (eg, imiquimod), and sinecatechins (a botanical product with an unknown mechanism). […] Interferon alfa (eg, interferon alfa-2b, interferon alfa-n3), intralesionally or IM, has cleared intractable lesions on the skin and genitals, but optimal administration and long-term effects are unclear. […] Current sex partners of people with genital warts should be examined and, if infected, treated. […] For intraurethral lesions, thiotepa (an alkylating medication), instilled in the urethra, is effective. […] Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is monitored with excisional biopsy. […] Vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia are treated with surgical excision. […] Management of cancers caused by HPV is discussed elsewhere in THE MANUAL.
  • #19 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Considerations in Specific Patient Subgroups, Pharmacologic Therapy
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219110-treatment
    TCA and BCA are potent keratolytic agents used for all types of cutaneous warts, while salicylic acid is milder and used primarily for nongenital warts. […] Imiquimod stimulates cytokine production (including interferon alfa) but lacks direct antiviral activity. […] Interferon alfa is a naturally occurring cytokine produced either through recombinant DNA technology or from pooled human leukocytes. […] Various surgical techniques are available for the treatment of HPV disease. […] Overall, physical destruction or excision has been more effective in eradicating genital warts than medical therapy. […] Recurrences are common due to the virus residing in the basal layer of the epidermis in a latent state, and retreatment is frequently necessary. […] Because HPV resides in the basal layer of the epidermis in a latent state, recurrences are common and retreatment is often necessary. Patients typically are monitored on a periodic basis to assess for efficacy of treatment, unwanted side effects, and the development of complications.
  • #20 Human Papillomavirus, HPV – HealthyWomen
    https://www.healthywomen.org/condition/human-papillomavirus-hpv
    Available treatments include the following: […] Self-applied treatments: […] Podofilox (Condylox). This 0.5 or 0.15 percent solution or gel is a relatively cheap, safe, easy-to-use treatment. […] Imiquimod (Aldara). This 5 percent cream treats external genital warts and perianal warts, which appear around the anus. […] Sinecatechin (Veregen). This is a 5 percent ointment made from a green tea extract applied directly to warts three times a day until they disappear. […] Treatments applied by health care professionals: […] Cryotherapy (freezing off the wart with liquid nitrogen). […] Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) (10 percent to 25 percent) or bichloracetic acid (BCA) (80 percent to 90 percent). […] Podophyllin resin 10 percent to 25 percent. […] Laser therapy (using an intense light to destroy the warts) or surgery (cutting off the warts) can get rid of warts in a single office visit.
  • #21 Is There an HPV Cure? What Are Treatment Options?
    https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/hpv-genital-warts/hpv-treatment-is-there-hpv-cure
    If you need treatment, your doctor can prescribe a cream that you can use at home. There are two options: Imiquimod (Aldara, Zyclara) and Podofilox (Condylox). […] Your doctor can also prescribe other types of wart-removal treatments. Among the options: Cryotherapy freezes off of the wart with liquid nitrogen. Trichloracetic acid is a chemical thats put on the surface of the wart. They can remove the cells surgically, with a scalpel. They can burn off warts using an electric current (electrocautery). A laser can vaporize the warts. […] Having the warts surgically removed may cure the problem in just one visit. Other techniques work about 80% to 90% of the time.
  • #22 New Treatments for Human Papillomavirus Infection | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
    https://www.actasdermo.org/es-new-treatments-for-human-papillomavirus-articulo-S1578219013002400
    Sinecatechins are undoubtedly the most valuable recent addition to the therapeutic arsenal against HPV. The available evidence indicates that sinecatechins are efficacious and have a good safety profile. […] The lack of large well-designed studies of PDT and intralesional immunotherapy restricts the use of these treatments to refractory lesions. […] In conclusion, we highlight the general lack of evidence on the treatment of this very common infection. There is a need for trials with comparable designs and sufficiently long follow-up periods that directly compare the effectiveness of the various available treatments. Finally, the development of therapeutic vaccines and small-molecule inhibitors of HPV is a vast, exciting field of research that is sure to translate into clinical practice in the near future.
  • #23 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Considerations in Specific Patient Subgroups, Pharmacologic Therapy
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219110-treatment
    TCA and BCA are potent keratolytic agents used for all types of cutaneous warts, while salicylic acid is milder and used primarily for nongenital warts. […] Imiquimod stimulates cytokine production (including interferon alfa) but lacks direct antiviral activity. […] Interferon alfa is a naturally occurring cytokine produced either through recombinant DNA technology or from pooled human leukocytes. […] Various surgical techniques are available for the treatment of HPV disease. […] Overall, physical destruction or excision has been more effective in eradicating genital warts than medical therapy. […] Recurrences are common due to the virus residing in the basal layer of the epidermis in a latent state, and retreatment is frequently necessary. […] Because HPV resides in the basal layer of the epidermis in a latent state, recurrences are common and retreatment is often necessary. Patients typically are monitored on a periodic basis to assess for efficacy of treatment, unwanted side effects, and the development of complications.
  • #24 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/human-papillomavirus-hpv-infection
    A local or general anesthetic is used depending on the size and number to be removed. Extensive vulvovaginal warts may require laser ablation. […] Topical treatments include antimitotics (eg, podophyllotoxin, podophyllin, 5-fluorouracil), caustics (eg, trichloroacetic acid), interferon inducers (eg, imiquimod), and sinecatechins (a botanical product with an unknown mechanism). […] Interferon alfa (eg, interferon alfa-2b, interferon alfa-n3), intralesionally or IM, has cleared intractable lesions on the skin and genitals, but optimal administration and long-term effects are unclear. […] Current sex partners of people with genital warts should be examined and, if infected, treated. […] For intraurethral lesions, thiotepa (an alkylating medication), instilled in the urethra, is effective. […] Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is monitored with excisional biopsy. […] Vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia are treated with surgical excision. […] Management of cancers caused by HPV is discussed elsewhere in THE MANUAL.
  • #25 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Considerations in Specific Patient Subgroups, Pharmacologic Therapy
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219110-treatment
    TCA and BCA are potent keratolytic agents used for all types of cutaneous warts, while salicylic acid is milder and used primarily for nongenital warts. […] Imiquimod stimulates cytokine production (including interferon alfa) but lacks direct antiviral activity. […] Interferon alfa is a naturally occurring cytokine produced either through recombinant DNA technology or from pooled human leukocytes. […] Various surgical techniques are available for the treatment of HPV disease. […] Overall, physical destruction or excision has been more effective in eradicating genital warts than medical therapy. […] Recurrences are common due to the virus residing in the basal layer of the epidermis in a latent state, and retreatment is frequently necessary. […] Because HPV resides in the basal layer of the epidermis in a latent state, recurrences are common and retreatment is often necessary. Patients typically are monitored on a periodic basis to assess for efficacy of treatment, unwanted side effects, and the development of complications.
  • #26 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/human-papillomavirus-hpv-infection
    Cytodestructive therapy or excision (eg, by caustics, cryotherapy, electrocauterization, laser, or surgical excision) […] Topical medications (eg, with antimitotics or interferon inducers) […] No treatment of anogenital warts is completely satisfactory, and relapses are frequent and require retreatment. In immunocompetent patients, genital warts may resolve without treatment. In immunocompromised patients, warts may be less responsive to treatment. […] Because no treatment is clearly more efficacious than others, treatment of anogenital warts should be guided by other considerations, mainly wart size, number, and anatomic site; patient preference; cost of treatment; convenience; adverse effects; and the practitioner’s experience. […] Genital warts may be treated with caustics, topical medications, cryotherapy, electrocauterization, laser, or surgical excision.
  • #27 Human Papillomavirus Disease: Adult and Adolescent OIs | NIH
    https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/human
    Treating Disease […] For Uncomplicated External Warts That Can Be Easily Identified by Patients: Topical imiquimod (5% cream) at bedtime 3 nonconsecutive nights a week, for up to 16 weeks. Each treatment should be washed with soap and water 6 to 10 hours after application. Topical podofilox (0.5% solution or gel) twice a day for 3 days, followed by 4 days of no therapy. Can be repeated, as necessary, up to four times. Topical sinecatechins (15% ointment) three times a day for up to 16 weeks until warts are cleared completely and not visible. Topical cidofovir 1% daily for 5 days per week for 8 weeks. Not commercially available but may be compounded in pharmacies with required equipment. […] Provider-Applied Treatment Options: For Complex or Multicentric Lesions, or Lesions Inaccessible to Patient, or Due to Patient or Provider Preference: Cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen or cryoprobe) applied until each lesion is thoroughly frozen, with treatment repeated every 1 to 2 weeks for up to 4 weeks until lesions are no longer visible. Some specialists recommend allowing the lesion to thaw and freezing a second time in each session. TCA and BCA (80% to 90%) applied to warts only and allowed to dry until a white frosting develops. The treatment can be repeated weekly for up to 6 weeks, until lesions are no longer visible. Intralesional cidofovir (15 mg/mL solution) injected directly into the wart (maximum 1 mL per session). May be repeated every 4 weeks for total of three to four treatments. Surgical treatments (e.g., tangential scissor excision, tangential shave excision, curettage, electrosurgery, electrocautery, infrared coagulation) can be used for external genital and anal warts. Laser surgery is an option but is usually more expensive.
  • #28 Genital Warts: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4209-genital-warts
    Your healthcare provider may use one of these methods to treat genital warts: Electrocautery: An electric current burns away warts. Freezing: During cryotherapy, your provider applies liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy warts. Laser treatment: A laser light destroys tiny blood vessels inside warts, cutting off their blood supply. Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP): With LEEP, your provider uses an electrically charged wire loop to remove warts. A provider may use this method to remove warts on your cervix. Topical (skin) medicine: Once a week for several weeks, you apply a prescription chemical solution or cream to the warts. The chemical causes blisters to form under the warts, stopping blood flow. In some cases, your provider may apply the chemical solution at their office. There are also prescription creams your provider will prescribe that you can use at home. Surgery: Your provider may surgically cut out warts that are large or don’t respond to other treatments.
  • #29 Is There an HPV Cure? What Are Treatment Options?
    https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/hpv-genital-warts/hpv-treatment-is-there-hpv-cure
    If you need treatment, your doctor can prescribe a cream that you can use at home. There are two options: Imiquimod (Aldara, Zyclara) and Podofilox (Condylox). […] Your doctor can also prescribe other types of wart-removal treatments. Among the options: Cryotherapy freezes off of the wart with liquid nitrogen. Trichloracetic acid is a chemical thats put on the surface of the wart. They can remove the cells surgically, with a scalpel. They can burn off warts using an electric current (electrocautery). A laser can vaporize the warts. […] Having the warts surgically removed may cure the problem in just one visit. Other techniques work about 80% to 90% of the time.
  • #30 Surgery for Human Papillomavirus | NYU Langone Health
    https://nyulangone.org/conditions/human-papillomavirus/treatments/surgery-for-human-papillomavirus
    Surgery for genital warts may be recommended if medication doesn’t work or the warts are widespread. Surgically treating genital warts doesn’t cure a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, however, and warts can return after surgery if the immune system does not eliminate the infection. […] Surgery may be used to treat moderate to severe cervical dysplasia by removing abnormal cells on the cervix. This can reduce the risk of cervical cancer. […] Electrocautery involves the removal of warts by destroying them with a low-voltage electrical probe. […] Electrocautery is typically used when the warts are small and not widespread. […] This procedure can be used to remove small, hardened warts and those that have joined together, as well as abnormal cervical tissue. […] In this procedure, a laser destroys warts or abnormal cervical or vaginal cells.
  • #31 Human Papillomavirus Disease: Adult and Adolescent OIs | NIH
    https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/human
    Treating Disease […] For Uncomplicated External Warts That Can Be Easily Identified by Patients: Topical imiquimod (5% cream) at bedtime 3 nonconsecutive nights a week, for up to 16 weeks. Each treatment should be washed with soap and water 6 to 10 hours after application. Topical podofilox (0.5% solution or gel) twice a day for 3 days, followed by 4 days of no therapy. Can be repeated, as necessary, up to four times. Topical sinecatechins (15% ointment) three times a day for up to 16 weeks until warts are cleared completely and not visible. Topical cidofovir 1% daily for 5 days per week for 8 weeks. Not commercially available but may be compounded in pharmacies with required equipment. […] Provider-Applied Treatment Options: For Complex or Multicentric Lesions, or Lesions Inaccessible to Patient, or Due to Patient or Provider Preference: Cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen or cryoprobe) applied until each lesion is thoroughly frozen, with treatment repeated every 1 to 2 weeks for up to 4 weeks until lesions are no longer visible. Some specialists recommend allowing the lesion to thaw and freezing a second time in each session. TCA and BCA (80% to 90%) applied to warts only and allowed to dry until a white frosting develops. The treatment can be repeated weekly for up to 6 weeks, until lesions are no longer visible. Intralesional cidofovir (15 mg/mL solution) injected directly into the wart (maximum 1 mL per session). May be repeated every 4 weeks for total of three to four treatments. Surgical treatments (e.g., tangential scissor excision, tangential shave excision, curettage, electrosurgery, electrocautery, infrared coagulation) can be used for external genital and anal warts. Laser surgery is an option but is usually more expensive.
  • #32 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Considerations in Specific Patient Subgroups, Pharmacologic Therapy
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219110-treatment
    It is challenging to find a single curative treatment for condylomata acuminata (genital warts). Although various therapies exist for genital warts, no single modality has demonstrated superiority, and no single treatment is ideal for all wart types. Factors influencing treatment decisions include lesion size, morphology, number, location, cost, adverse effects, patient preferences, prior treatments, and provider experience. […] Common treatments involve direct lesion ablation such as surgical excision, chemical ablation, and cryotherapy. Improper use of these treatments can lead to unnecessary tissue damage. Most patients require multiple treatments over weeks to months. If substantial improvement is not seen after three physician-administered treatments or complete clearance is not achieved after six treatments, a different approach should be considered. HIV-positive patients or those immunosuppressed may require multiple treatment methods, as their warts often do not respond well to therapy. Recurrence is noted in 20-30% of patients regardless of the chosen therapy, which can be frustrating for both patients and physicians alike.
  • #33 Human Papillomavirus Disease: Adult and Adolescent OIs | NIH
    https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/human
    People with HIV may have larger or more numerous warts, may not respond as well to therapy for genital warts as individuals who are immunocompetent, and may have more frequent recurrences after treatment. Genital warts are not life-threatening and may regress without therapy, even in people with HIV and especially in those whose immunity is relatively preserved. Treatments are available for genital warts, but none are effective or preferred uniformly. Lacking RCTs specific to people with HIV, guidelines for the treatment of STIs in people without HIV should be followed. More than one treatment option may be required for refractory or recurrent lesions in people with HIV. Histologic diagnosis should be obtained for refractory lesions to confirm the absence of high-grade disease. Intra-anal, vaginal, urethral, or cervical warts should be treated and managed by a specialist.
  • #34 Genital Warts: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4209-genital-warts
    Treatment to remove genital warts doesn’t cure you from HPV. Even if you don’t have an active outbreak and your warts were removed, you can still spread HPV. […] Genital warts and HPV is lifelong. That means even with treatment to remove them, the warts may come back. […] Yes. There’s no cure for HPV, the virus that causes genital warts. As a result, you can get genital warts over and over again. […] Genital warts generally don’t cause any serious health complications. The strain of HPV that cause genital warts is low-risk. The HPV strains that cause cancer aren’t the same ones that cause genital warts. […] The HPV vaccine can protect against certain types of HPV, including the ones that cause genital warts and certain cancers. […] If you’re sexually active, you can take these steps to protect yourself from getting or spreading HPV, genital warts and other STIs: Use condoms or dental dams. Get the HPV vaccine. Get routine testing and any necessary treatment for STIs.
  • #35 Core Concepts – Human Papillomavirus Infection – Self-Study Lessons – National STD Curriculum
    https://www.std.uw.edu/go/comprehensive-study/hpv/core-concept/all
    The 9-valent HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing anogenital warts, precancerous lesions, and invasive cancers associated with HPV. […] Treatment of anogenital warts typically produces a very good clinical response within 3 months. […] Although appropriate treatment can induce wart-free periods, subsequent recurrences are common, with a 20 to 50% recurrence rate at 3 to 6 months post-treatment. […] The primary goal for the treatment of anogenital warts is the removal of visible warts. […] Available therapies reduce but do not completely eliminate the risk of HPV transmission. […] Among recommended treatments, there is no evidence that any treatment is superior to others. […] The choice of the specific treatment should depend on the location of anogenital warts, provider treatment experience, available therapies, preference of the person with the anogenital warts, and pregnancy status.
  • #36 High risk HPV: Types, treatments, and more
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/high-risk-hpv
    Several types of HPV are high risk, meaning they can cause cancer. However, the majority of HPV types are low risk and resolve independently without causing health problems. […] Some types of HPV can cause cancer. This means that they are high risk. […] High risk HPV can cause several types of cancer if the immune system does not clear the infection. […] Research suggests that HPV types 16 and 18 cause 70% of cervical cancer cases and precancerous cervical lesions. […] Estimates suggest that high risk HPV causes 3% of all cancer cases in females and 2% of all cancer cases in males in the United States. […] The primary goal of cervical screening is to identify precancerous lesions caused by HPV. Doctors can remove lesions to prevent invasive cancers from developing. […] There is currently no treatment for the infection. But treatments can address the health problems that HPV causes.
  • #37 About Genital HPV Infection | STI | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/about-genital-hpv-infection.html
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can be treated. […] There is no treatment for the virus itself. However, there are treatments for the health problems that HPV can cause: […] Genital warts can go away with treatment from your healthcare provider or with prescription medicine. […] Cervical precancer treatment is available. Women who get routine Pap tests and follow up as needed can find problems before cancer develops. […] Other HPV-related cancers are also more treatable when found and treated early.
  • #38 HPV Treatment: Warts, Genital Warts, Cervical Dysplasia
    https://www.everydayhealth.com/hpv/guide/treatment/
    To treat genital warts, a doctor may use: Cryotherapy, using liquid nitrogen or a probe to freeze warts; Surgical removal, using techniques such as shaving excision, laser therapy, or electrosurgery; Trichloroacetic acid or dichloroacetic acid, which chemically burns off warts. […] For internal genital warts, treatment may involve cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen, laser ablation, surgical removal, trichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, or topical interferon. […] Some types of HPV can cause the growth of precancerous cells on the surface of the cervix; these are known as cervical dysplasia, and they can lead to cervical cancer. […] Severe cervical dysplasia is treated with one of several types of surgical procedures: Cryotherapy; Electrosurgery; Surgical removal using a scalpel or laser.
  • #39 Human Papillomavirus | HPV Treatment in Chicago
    https://www.womensaidcenter.com/human-papillomavirus-treatment/
    If the HPV infection has caused abnormal cell changes that could lead to cervical cancer, there are four main treatment options: Watch and wait. Sometimes, the cell changes — called cervical dysplasia, precancerous cell changes, or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia — will heal on their own; Cryotherapy. This involves freezing the abnormal cells with liquid nitrogen; Conization. This procedure, also known as a cone biopsy, removes the abnormal areas; LEEP or Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure. The abnormal cells are removed with an electrical current. […] Women’s Aid Center in Chicago is your trusted partner in addressing HPV (Human Papillomavirus) and its associated health concerns. Our commitment to your well-being extends beyond treatment; it encompasses empathy, understanding, and personalized care. […] Remember, early detection and timely intervention are key in combating HPV and its potential complications.
  • #40 Human Papillomavirus | HPV Treatment in Chicago
    https://www.womensaidcenter.com/human-papillomavirus-treatment/
    If the HPV infection has caused abnormal cell changes that could lead to cervical cancer, there are four main treatment options: Watch and wait. Sometimes, the cell changes — called cervical dysplasia, precancerous cell changes, or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia — will heal on their own; Cryotherapy. This involves freezing the abnormal cells with liquid nitrogen; Conization. This procedure, also known as a cone biopsy, removes the abnormal areas; LEEP or Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure. The abnormal cells are removed with an electrical current. […] Women’s Aid Center in Chicago is your trusted partner in addressing HPV (Human Papillomavirus) and its associated health concerns. Our commitment to your well-being extends beyond treatment; it encompasses empathy, understanding, and personalized care. […] Remember, early detection and timely intervention are key in combating HPV and its potential complications.
  • #41 HPV infection – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351602
    A healthcare professional might be able to diagnose HPV infection by looking at the warts. […] Warts often go away without treatment, particularly in children. But there’s no cure for the virus. So the warts can come back in the same place or other places. […] Medicines to get rid of warts usually go directly on the warts. These medicines might need to be used many times before the warts go away. […] If medicines don’t work, one of these methods can remove warts: Freezing with liquid nitrogen, called cryotherapy. […] A procedure called a colposcopy can remove HPV from the cervix. […] Precancerous lesions need to be removed. Options include freezing, called cryosurgery, and laser surgical removal. Another method called loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) uses a thin looped wire charged with an electric current to remove a thin layer of a section of the cervix. And cold knife conization is a surgical procedure that removes a cone-shaped piece of the cervix.
  • #42 Open Search
    https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/hpv/how-hpv-treated
    Most HPV infections go away on their own. If not, dont worry. While theres no cure for the virus, there are treatment options for the problems HPV can cause. […] There is no treatment for HPV itself, but if you have high-risk HPV, it could cause abnormal cell changes that might lead to cancer. If you have an abnormal Pap test result, you may need further tests and/or treatment including: […] Colposcopy a procedure to look more closely at the cervix to see if there are precancerous cells. […] Cryotherapy a treatment to freeze and remove precancerous cells from the cervix. […] LEEP or Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure a treatment to remove precancerous cells from the cervix with an electrical current. […] Theres no cure for HPV, but there are plenty of things you can do to stay healthy and safe, and its even preventable!
  • #43 Surgery for Human Papillomavirus | NYU Langone Health
    https://nyulangone.org/conditions/human-papillomavirus/treatments/surgery-for-human-papillomavirus
    Laser surgery for warts is typically used when the warts are inside the vagina or other treatments to remove them have failed. […] With a loop electrosurgical excision procedure, or LEEP, your doctor uses a wire loop heated by an electrical current to remove large genital warts or abnormal cervical tissue.
  • #44 HPV infection – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351602
    A healthcare professional might be able to diagnose HPV infection by looking at the warts. […] Warts often go away without treatment, particularly in children. But there’s no cure for the virus. So the warts can come back in the same place or other places. […] Medicines to get rid of warts usually go directly on the warts. These medicines might need to be used many times before the warts go away. […] If medicines don’t work, one of these methods can remove warts: Freezing with liquid nitrogen, called cryotherapy. […] A procedure called a colposcopy can remove HPV from the cervix. […] Precancerous lesions need to be removed. Options include freezing, called cryosurgery, and laser surgical removal. Another method called loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) uses a thin looped wire charged with an electric current to remove a thin layer of a section of the cervix. And cold knife conization is a surgical procedure that removes a cone-shaped piece of the cervix.
  • #45 Is There an HPV Cure? What Are Treatment Options?
    https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/hpv-genital-warts/hpv-treatment-is-there-hpv-cure
    Many people have HPV (human papillomavirus), and the infection often clears up on its own, without treatment. And it often doesnt make people sick. […] But if it doesnt go away by itself, and if it causes problems, your doctor can treat the symptoms of the infection. These may include genital warts linked to low-risk HPV types (which don’t generally lead to cancers) and the precancerous changes sometimes linked to certain high risk types of HPV. […] If your doctor finds that you have a type of HPV that can lead to cancer, they may suggest you get Pap tests more often to watch for signs of abnormal cell changes in the genital area. […] If your doctor decides to treat the abnormal cells, they may use one of these methods: Cryotherapy. This involves freezing the abnormal cells with liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide. Conization. This procedure removes the abnormal areas. Laser therapy. This uses light to burn away abnormal cells. Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). The abnormal cells are removed with an electrical current. The goal is to remove all the abnormal cells, including most or all of the cells with HPV.
  • #46 HPV infection – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351602
    A healthcare professional might be able to diagnose HPV infection by looking at the warts. […] Warts often go away without treatment, particularly in children. But there’s no cure for the virus. So the warts can come back in the same place or other places. […] Medicines to get rid of warts usually go directly on the warts. These medicines might need to be used many times before the warts go away. […] If medicines don’t work, one of these methods can remove warts: Freezing with liquid nitrogen, called cryotherapy. […] A procedure called a colposcopy can remove HPV from the cervix. […] Precancerous lesions need to be removed. Options include freezing, called cryosurgery, and laser surgical removal. Another method called loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) uses a thin looped wire charged with an electric current to remove a thin layer of a section of the cervix. And cold knife conization is a surgical procedure that removes a cone-shaped piece of the cervix.
  • #47 Therapy of Human Papillomavirus-Related Disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4155500/
    This chapter reviews the current treatment of chronic and neoplastic HPV-associated conditions and the development of novel therapeutic approaches. […] Surgical excision of HPV-associated lower genital tract neoplasia is very successful but largely depends on secondary prevention programmes for identification of disease. […] Only high-risk HPV-driven chronic, preneoplastic lesions and some very early cancers cannot be successfully treated by surgical procedures alone. […] Chemoradiation therapy of cervical cancer contributes to the 6679% cervical cancer survival at 5 years. […] Topical agents such as imiquimod (immune response modifier), cidofovir (inhibition of viral replication; induction apoptosis) or photodynamic therapy (direct damage of tumour and augmentation of anti-tumour immunity) have all shown some useful efficacy (~5060%) in treatment of high grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.
  • #48 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/human-papillomavirus-hpv-infection
    A local or general anesthetic is used depending on the size and number to be removed. Extensive vulvovaginal warts may require laser ablation. […] Topical treatments include antimitotics (eg, podophyllotoxin, podophyllin, 5-fluorouracil), caustics (eg, trichloroacetic acid), interferon inducers (eg, imiquimod), and sinecatechins (a botanical product with an unknown mechanism). […] Interferon alfa (eg, interferon alfa-2b, interferon alfa-n3), intralesionally or IM, has cleared intractable lesions on the skin and genitals, but optimal administration and long-term effects are unclear. […] Current sex partners of people with genital warts should be examined and, if infected, treated. […] For intraurethral lesions, thiotepa (an alkylating medication), instilled in the urethra, is effective. […] Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is monitored with excisional biopsy. […] Vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia are treated with surgical excision. […] Management of cancers caused by HPV is discussed elsewhere in THE MANUAL.
  • #49
    https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/human-papillomavirus-(hpv)
    The vaccination is very safe, with no known long term side effects with decades of follow up data. […] Cancer prevention: Removal of anal warts can prevent them from developing the precancerous Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (AIN) and cancer and decreases the chances of spreading the virus. […] HPV-positive patients at high risk of developing AIN and anal cancer can be screened by anal cytology (anal pap) or high-resolution anoscopy. AIN and anal cancer can occur even in the absence of warts.
  • #50 logo–sylvester
    https://umiamihealth.org/en/sylvester-comprehensive-cancer-center/treatments-and-services/human-papillomavirus-(hpv)
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus and a risk factor for various cancers that affect both men and women. […] HPV infection can develop into cancers at the following sites: Cervix, Vulva (outer part of female genitals), Vagina, Penis, Anus, Throat (base of the tongue and tonsils). […] Nearly all cases of cervical cancer and most vaginal cancers are tied to HPV infection. […] The number of men and women diagnosed with anal cancer each year is on the rise, and more than 90% of these cases are caused by HPV. […] HPV DNA may be detected in over 20% of penile tumor cells, and 50 to 60% of penile cancers are associated with HPV infection. […] Signs of HPV infection are found in more than two out of three oropharyngeal cancers, which include cancers of the back of the throat, base of the tongue, and tonsils.
  • #51 Therapy of Human Papillomavirus-Related Disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4155500/
    This chapter reviews the current treatment of chronic and neoplastic HPV-associated conditions and the development of novel therapeutic approaches. […] Surgical excision of HPV-associated lower genital tract neoplasia is very successful but largely depends on secondary prevention programmes for identification of disease. […] Only high-risk HPV-driven chronic, preneoplastic lesions and some very early cancers cannot be successfully treated by surgical procedures alone. […] Chemoradiation therapy of cervical cancer contributes to the 6679% cervical cancer survival at 5 years. […] Topical agents such as imiquimod (immune response modifier), cidofovir (inhibition of viral replication; induction apoptosis) or photodynamic therapy (direct damage of tumour and augmentation of anti-tumour immunity) have all shown some useful efficacy (~5060%) in treatment of high grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.
  • #52 Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment
    https://www.health.com/hpv-overview-7377742
    While HPV treatment exists, there is no cure for the infection when it causes genital warts or cancer. Instead, the goal of treatment is to reduce the presence of warts and limit the symptom of HPV-related cancer. Your exact treatment plan will depend on the type of HPV you have and the severity of your condition. […] Treatment for genital warts is primarily cosmetic and focuses on removing the warty tissue. Genital wart treatment does not cure HPV. However, most genital warts return within three months of treatment. […] If you have a strain of HPV that increases your risk of cervical cancer, your provider will recommend treatment options that reduce the cancer symptoms. Treatment options vary, but may include one or more of the following treatments: Cone biopsy: Removes the cone-shaped part of the cervix through cold knife conization (CKC) or a loop electrosurgical excision (LEEP) […] Surgical removal of some or all of the female reproductive organs, including the cervix […] High-energy radiation waves (kind of like an X-ray) that kill cancer cells […] Medications such as chemotherapy and targeted immunotherapy to help reduce symptoms and the progression of the cancer.
  • #53 High risk HPV: Types, treatments, and more
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/high-risk-hpv
    Several types of HPV are high risk, meaning they can cause cancer. However, the majority of HPV types are low risk and resolve independently without causing health problems. […] Some types of HPV can cause cancer. This means that they are high risk. […] High risk HPV can cause several types of cancer if the immune system does not clear the infection. […] Research suggests that HPV types 16 and 18 cause 70% of cervical cancer cases and precancerous cervical lesions. […] Estimates suggest that high risk HPV causes 3% of all cancer cases in females and 2% of all cancer cases in males in the United States. […] The primary goal of cervical screening is to identify precancerous lesions caused by HPV. Doctors can remove lesions to prevent invasive cancers from developing. […] There is currently no treatment for the infection. But treatments can address the health problems that HPV causes.
  • #54 logo–sylvester
    https://umiamihealth.org/en/sylvester-comprehensive-cancer-center/treatments-and-services/human-papillomavirus-(hpv)
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus and a risk factor for various cancers that affect both men and women. […] HPV infection can develop into cancers at the following sites: Cervix, Vulva (outer part of female genitals), Vagina, Penis, Anus, Throat (base of the tongue and tonsils). […] Nearly all cases of cervical cancer and most vaginal cancers are tied to HPV infection. […] The number of men and women diagnosed with anal cancer each year is on the rise, and more than 90% of these cases are caused by HPV. […] HPV DNA may be detected in over 20% of penile tumor cells, and 50 to 60% of penile cancers are associated with HPV infection. […] Signs of HPV infection are found in more than two out of three oropharyngeal cancers, which include cancers of the back of the throat, base of the tongue, and tonsils.
  • #55 HPV | Human Papillomavirus | Pap Smear | MedlinePlus
    https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html
    An HPV infection itself cannot be treated. There are medicines that you can apply to a wart. If they don’t work, your health care provider could freeze, burn, or surgically remove it. […] There are treatments for the cell changes caused by infection with high-risk HPV. They include medicines that you apply to the area that is affected and various surgical procedures. […] People who have HPV-related cancers usually get the same types of treatment as people who have cancers that are not caused by HPV. An exception to this is for people who have certain oral and throat cancers. They may have different treatment options.
  • #56 HPV (Human Papillomavirus) > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine
    https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/hpv-causes
    There is no treatment for HPV though vaccines can prevent some HPV infections. […] Though there is no treatment for HPV, the good news is that your body’s immune system will naturally heal most infections (including warts) within a few months. […] What can be treated are the cell changes that are caused by an HPV infection. A technique called cryotherapy (freezing) is often performed to remove abnormal cells in the cervix, as well as warts and other growths on other parts of the body. […] If the abnormal cells have advanced to cancer, further treatment options such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy may be explored. […] For penile cancer, anal cancer (which affects men and women), and head and neck cancer (which affects mostly men), surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are treatment options. […] The HPV vaccine can prevent infection, which in turn prevents certain diseases, including HPV-associated cancers.
  • #57 HPV Treatment: Warts, Genital Warts, Cervical Dysplasia
    https://www.everydayhealth.com/hpv/guide/treatment/
    If cervical dysplasia has progressed to cervical cancer, you may be advised to have a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) or to undergo radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or both. […] Treatment for these cancers is based on the stage of the cancer when it is detected. […] If you choose to see a doctor for treatment of warts, you may receive one of the following treatments: Cryotherapy; Cantharidin, a chemical that causes a blister to form under the wart; Electrosurgery, which involves burning off warts with an electric current, combined with curettage (a technique that involves scraping off the wart with a sharp knife or spoon-shaped tool); Excision (cutting out the wart). […] Immunotherapy (treatments that stimulate or boost the body’s immune system) may be an option for warts that are resistant to all other forms of treatment.
  • #58 Therapy of Human Papillomavirus-Related Disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4155500/
    This chapter reviews the current treatment of chronic and neoplastic HPV-associated conditions and the development of novel therapeutic approaches. […] Surgical excision of HPV-associated lower genital tract neoplasia is very successful but largely depends on secondary prevention programmes for identification of disease. […] Only high-risk HPV-driven chronic, preneoplastic lesions and some very early cancers cannot be successfully treated by surgical procedures alone. […] Chemoradiation therapy of cervical cancer contributes to the 6679% cervical cancer survival at 5 years. […] Topical agents such as imiquimod (immune response modifier), cidofovir (inhibition of viral replication; induction apoptosis) or photodynamic therapy (direct damage of tumour and augmentation of anti-tumour immunity) have all shown some useful efficacy (~5060%) in treatment of high grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.
  • #59 Therapy of Human Papillomavirus-Related Disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4155500/
    This chapter reviews the current treatment of chronic and neoplastic HPV-associated conditions and the development of novel therapeutic approaches. […] Surgical excision of HPV-associated lower genital tract neoplasia is very successful but largely depends on secondary prevention programmes for identification of disease. […] Only high-risk HPV-driven chronic, preneoplastic lesions and some very early cancers cannot be successfully treated by surgical procedures alone. […] Chemoradiation therapy of cervical cancer contributes to the 6679% cervical cancer survival at 5 years. […] Topical agents such as imiquimod (immune response modifier), cidofovir (inhibition of viral replication; induction apoptosis) or photodynamic therapy (direct damage of tumour and augmentation of anti-tumour immunity) have all shown some useful efficacy (~5060%) in treatment of high grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.
  • #60 Therapy of Human Papillomavirus-Related Disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4155500/
    Provider administered treatments of genital warts include cryotherapy, trichloracetic acid, or surgical removal which has the highest primary clearance rate. […] Patient applied therapies include podophyllotoxin and imiquimod. […] Further improvements could derive from a rational combination of current therapy with new drugs targeting molecular pathways mediated by HPV in cancer. […] Small molecule inhibitors targeting the DNA binding activities of HPV E1/E2 or the anti-apoptotic consequences of E6/E7 oncogenes are in preclinical development. […] Proteasome and histone deacetylase inhibitors, which can enhance apoptosis in HPV positive tumour cells, are being tested in early clinical trials. […] Recently two E6/E7 vaccines have shown some clinical efficacy in high grade VIN patients and this correlated with strong and broad systemic HPV-specific T cell response and modulation of key local immune factors. […] Treatments that can shift the balance of immune effectors locally in combination with vaccination are now being tested.
  • #61 Therapy of Human Papillomavirus-Related Disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4155500/
    Provider administered treatments of genital warts include cryotherapy, trichloracetic acid, or surgical removal which has the highest primary clearance rate. […] Patient applied therapies include podophyllotoxin and imiquimod. […] Further improvements could derive from a rational combination of current therapy with new drugs targeting molecular pathways mediated by HPV in cancer. […] Small molecule inhibitors targeting the DNA binding activities of HPV E1/E2 or the anti-apoptotic consequences of E6/E7 oncogenes are in preclinical development. […] Proteasome and histone deacetylase inhibitors, which can enhance apoptosis in HPV positive tumour cells, are being tested in early clinical trials. […] Recently two E6/E7 vaccines have shown some clinical efficacy in high grade VIN patients and this correlated with strong and broad systemic HPV-specific T cell response and modulation of key local immune factors. […] Treatments that can shift the balance of immune effectors locally in combination with vaccination are now being tested.
  • #62 About Genital HPV Infection | STI | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/about-genital-hpv-infection.html
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can be treated. […] There is no treatment for the virus itself. However, there are treatments for the health problems that HPV can cause: […] Genital warts can go away with treatment from your healthcare provider or with prescription medicine. […] Cervical precancer treatment is available. Women who get routine Pap tests and follow up as needed can find problems before cancer develops. […] Other HPV-related cancers are also more treatable when found and treated early.
  • #63 Therapy of Human Papillomavirus-Related Disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4155500/
    This chapter reviews the current treatment of chronic and neoplastic HPV-associated conditions and the development of novel therapeutic approaches. […] Surgical excision of HPV-associated lower genital tract neoplasia is very successful but largely depends on secondary prevention programmes for identification of disease. […] Only high-risk HPV-driven chronic, preneoplastic lesions and some very early cancers cannot be successfully treated by surgical procedures alone. […] Chemoradiation therapy of cervical cancer contributes to the 6679% cervical cancer survival at 5 years. […] Topical agents such as imiquimod (immune response modifier), cidofovir (inhibition of viral replication; induction apoptosis) or photodynamic therapy (direct damage of tumour and augmentation of anti-tumour immunity) have all shown some useful efficacy (~5060%) in treatment of high grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.
  • #64 Therapy of Human Papillomavirus-Related Disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4155500/
    Provider administered treatments of genital warts include cryotherapy, trichloracetic acid, or surgical removal which has the highest primary clearance rate. […] Patient applied therapies include podophyllotoxin and imiquimod. […] Further improvements could derive from a rational combination of current therapy with new drugs targeting molecular pathways mediated by HPV in cancer. […] Small molecule inhibitors targeting the DNA binding activities of HPV E1/E2 or the anti-apoptotic consequences of E6/E7 oncogenes are in preclinical development. […] Proteasome and histone deacetylase inhibitors, which can enhance apoptosis in HPV positive tumour cells, are being tested in early clinical trials. […] Recently two E6/E7 vaccines have shown some clinical efficacy in high grade VIN patients and this correlated with strong and broad systemic HPV-specific T cell response and modulation of key local immune factors. […] Treatments that can shift the balance of immune effectors locally in combination with vaccination are now being tested.
  • #65
    https://www.who.int/news/item/03-07-2024-vaccines-to-treat-human-papillomavirus-could-be-a-significant-innovation-in-the-fight-against-cervical-cancer
    Innovative vaccines are being developed that could potentially treat dangerous human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in adults and therefore reduce risks of cervical cancer, according to a new report released today by the World Health Organization (WHO). […] Currently, vaccines exist to prevent, but not treat HPV infections, which are the main cause of cervical cancer. Using the latest immunotherapy advances, however, therapeutic vaccines are now also being developed that could clear HPV or treat precancerous cells in those already exposed to the virus. […] Therapeutic HPV vaccines could be a catalytic innovation to complement these efforts, increasing options for the millions of women who have already acquired HPV and reducing their risks of developing life-threatening cancer in the future.
  • #66 HPV infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20351596
    HPV infections cause almost all cervical cancers. But cervical cancer may take 20 years or longer to develop after an HPV infection. The HPV infection and early cervical cancer typically don’t cause symptoms. Getting vaccinated against HPV infection is the best way to protect against cervical cancer. […] HPV vaccines Gardasil 9 is an HPV vaccine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and can be used for males and females to protect against cervical cancer and genital warts. The vaccine works best if a person gets it before having the first sexual contact. Once someone has HPV, the vaccine might not work as well or at all. Also, younger people respond better to the vaccine than older people do. If given before someone has HPV infection, the vaccine can prevent most cervical cancers.
  • #67 HPV (Human Papillomavirus) | MD Anderson Cancer Center
    https://www.mdanderson.org/prevention-screening/manage-your-risk/hpv.html
    HPV screening, including FDA-approved self-collection tests for HPV, can determine if a woman has a cervical HPV infection. […] There is no drug or treatment that can eliminate the HPV virus from the body. However, there are ways to treat HPV-related health problems like precancerous lesions and genital warts. […] Cervical cancer and other HPV-associated cancers can be prevented by getting the HPV vaccine early in life. Additionally, cervical cancer can be prevented through screening, which allows precancerous changes in the cervix to be found and treated early, before they become cancer. […] The HPV vaccine can help the body recognize and eliminate the virus more effectively, Ramondetta says. […] The vaccine has been proven again and again to be safe and effective and long lasting.
  • #68 Human papillomavirus | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/reduce-your-risk/get-vaccinated/human-papillomavirus-hpv
    Most HPV infections come and go over the course of a few years. While an HPV infection cant be treated, the conditions it causes (such as genital warts) can. […] If you have a high-risk HPV infection that doesn’t go away, precancerous cervical changes can develop. Regular cervical screening with a Pap test is important because it can find these changes. Precancerous cervical changes and cervical cancer can be treated. […] There are treatments for genital warts. Talk to your healthcare professional to discuss your treatment options. […] HPV vaccines do not treat HPV infections you already have or treat diseases or cancers related to HPV. They help protect against future HPV infection. […] Cervarix doesn’t protect against genital warts. […] Gardasil 9 protects people aged 9 to 45 against 2 types of HPV that cause genital warts and 7 types of HPV that cause cancer, including types 16 and 18.
  • #69 HPV infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20351596
    Two doses of the HPV vaccine are recommended for children age 11 and 12, but this vaccines can be given as young as 9 years of age. The two-dose series is given until age 14. The doses are given at least five months apart. Teens and young adults who begin the vaccine series at ages 15 through 26 should get three doses of the vaccine.
  • #70 Human Papillomavirus Disease: Adult and Adolescent OIs | NIH
    https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/human
    Recommendations for Preventing HPV Infection […] HPV vaccine is recommended for routine vaccination at age 11 or 12 years. Administer three doses of 9-valent HPV vaccine (Gardasil 9) at 0, 1 to 2, and 6 months. Ideally, the series should have been initiated at age 11 or 12 years but may be started as early as age 9 years. The two-dose series is not recommended in people with HIV. For all people with HIV aged 13 to 26 years who were not vaccinated previously: Administer three doses of 9-valent HPV vaccine (Gardasil 9) at 0, 1 to 2, and 6 months. The two-dose series is not recommended in people with HIV. For people with HIV aged 27 to 45 years who were not adequately vaccinated previously: HPV vaccine is not routinely recommended; instead, shared clinical decision-making regarding HPV vaccination is recommended for people who may be at risk for a new HPV infection. For people who were adequately vaccinated with bivalent or quadrivalent HPV vaccine: Some experts would consider additional vaccination with 9-valent HPV vaccine, but data are lacking to define the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of this approach. HPV vaccination is not recommended during pregnancy.
  • #71 Core Concepts – Human Papillomavirus Infection – Self-Study Lessons – National STD Curriculum
    https://www.std.uw.edu/go/comprehensive-study/hpv/core-concept/all
    The 9-valent HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing anogenital warts, precancerous lesions, and invasive cancers associated with HPV. […] Treatment of anogenital warts typically produces a very good clinical response within 3 months. […] Although appropriate treatment can induce wart-free periods, subsequent recurrences are common, with a 20 to 50% recurrence rate at 3 to 6 months post-treatment. […] The primary goal for the treatment of anogenital warts is the removal of visible warts. […] Available therapies reduce but do not completely eliminate the risk of HPV transmission. […] Among recommended treatments, there is no evidence that any treatment is superior to others. […] The choice of the specific treatment should depend on the location of anogenital warts, provider treatment experience, available therapies, preference of the person with the anogenital warts, and pregnancy status.
  • #72 Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Infection and Vaccination | ACOG
    https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/hpv-vaccination
    HPV infection can cause genital warts. HPV infections can also cause changes in cells that can lead to cancer over time, including cancer of the cervix. […] You can protect yourself against HPV infection by getting the HPV vaccine. The vaccine is safe and effective and protects against the HPV types that are the most common cause of genital warts and cancer. […] Warts can be removed with medication or surgery. Talk with your health care professional about treatment. Wart removers found in the pharmacy should not be used on genital warts. […] The HPV vaccine may help prevent abnormal cells from coming back after treatment. […] You may get the HPV vaccine to help with treatment for CIN if the following applies to you: You are getting treatment for moderate or severe CIN (CIN 2 or CIN 3). You are age 27 to 45 and have not previously gotten the HPV vaccine. You have a healthy immune system.
  • #73 Human papillomavirus infection – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_papillomavirus_infection
    HPV vaccines can prevent the most common types of infection. […] To be most effective, inoculation should occur before the onset of sexual activity, and are therefore recommended between the ages of 9-13 years. […] Cervical cancer screening, such as the Papanicolaou test („pap smear”), or examination of the cervix after applying acetic acid, can detect both early cancer and abnormal cells that may develop into cancer. […] Screening allows for early treatment which results in better outcomes. […] Screening has reduced both the number of cases and the number of deaths from cervical cancer. […] Genital warts can be removed by freezing. […] There is currently no specific treatment for HPV infection. […] However, the viral infection is usually cleared to undetectable levels by the immune system.
  • #74 HPV (Human Papillomavirus) | MD Anderson Cancer Center
    https://www.mdanderson.org/prevention-screening/manage-your-risk/hpv.html
    HPV screening, including FDA-approved self-collection tests for HPV, can determine if a woman has a cervical HPV infection. […] There is no drug or treatment that can eliminate the HPV virus from the body. However, there are ways to treat HPV-related health problems like precancerous lesions and genital warts. […] Cervical cancer and other HPV-associated cancers can be prevented by getting the HPV vaccine early in life. Additionally, cervical cancer can be prevented through screening, which allows precancerous changes in the cervix to be found and treated early, before they become cancer. […] The HPV vaccine can help the body recognize and eliminate the virus more effectively, Ramondetta says. […] The vaccine has been proven again and again to be safe and effective and long lasting.
  • #75 HPV (human papillomavirus) | FDA
    https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/hpv-human-papillomavirus
    All women should get regular Pap tests. The Pap test looks for cell changes caused by HPV. The test finds cell changes early so the cervix can be treated before the cells turn into cancer. This test can also find cancer in its early stages so it can be treated before it becomes too serious. It is rare to die from cervical cancer if the disease is caught early.
  • #76 Human papillomavirus | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/reduce-your-risk/get-vaccinated/human-papillomavirus-hpv
    Our recommendation We recommend that children and adults between the ages of 9 and 45 be vaccinated against HPV to help reduce the risk of HPV-related cancers. […] HPV testing is most effective for women and people with a cervix who are 30 years of age and older. There is currently no approved test for HPV in men. […] Research shows that HPV testing is more accurate than the Pap test in finding precancerous changes in the cervix.
  • #77 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) – NYC Health
    https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/human-papillomavirus-hpv.page
    There is no treatment for HPV infections. Nine out of every 10 infections will clear on their own within two years. It is not possible to know which infections will persist and go on to cause further health problems, such as genital warts or cancer. […] Genital warts can be removed with prescribed medications. Some warts also disappear on their own. […] HPV-related cancers are most treatable when they are diagnosed and treated early. Starting at age 21, women and people with a cervix should have routine cervical cancer screening. Certain people at higher risk for anal cancer, including men who have sex with men, may need routine anal Pap tests. Talk with your primary care provider about your risk and whether you should get tested.
  • #78 HPV (Human Papillomavirus): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11901-hpv-human-papilloma-virus
    Some strains of HPV are high-risk and can lead to cancers, like cervical, vulvar and vaginal cancers. Early detection (with a Pap smear or HPV screening) and treatment of precancerous cells can usually prevent this from happening. […] Treatments cant rid your body of the virus. They can remove any visible warts on your genitals or other body parts, and abnormal cells in your cervix. Treatments may include: […] Only a small number of people with high-risk HPV will develop abnormal cervical cells that require treatment to prevent the cells from becoming cancer. […] The only way to prevent HPV is to abstain from sex. For many people, more realistic goals include reducing the risk of contracting HPV and preventing cervical cancer while still enjoying a healthy sex life. […] Early detection of high-risk strains and follow-up screenings such as frequent Pap tests can prevent HPV from causing cervical cancer. […] No. There isnt a cure for HPV. Still, your immune system is incredibly efficient at getting rid of the virus for you. Most HPV infections (about 90%) are cleared within a year or two.
  • #79 Reddit – The heart of the internet
    https://www.reddit.com/r/HPV/comments/wlbw5z/i_have_hpv_what_do_i_do_now/
    A super common type of post we get here a LOT is 'I have been diagnosed with HPV. What can I do to help myself?’. This applies to both low risk/wart and high risk diagnoses. […] The reality is that the body’s immune system needs to deal with the HPV infection and, in most cases, it will do this on its own. […] If you have CIN2 or CIN3, sit and wait is probably not great advice, and certainly for CIN3 you are likely to need treatment (LEEP or LLETZ) to help the body along. […] Nevertheless, the majority of low risk HPV infections are also suppressed by the immune system within a few months up to a couple of years, just like high risk. […] A key one is stop smoking. […] Using condoms with a regular partner may be helpful when it comes to cervical infections because it lowers the viral load being rubbed around.
  • #80
    https://www.who.int/news/item/03-07-2024-vaccines-to-treat-human-papillomavirus-could-be-a-significant-innovation-in-the-fight-against-cervical-cancer
    Innovative vaccines are being developed that could potentially treat dangerous human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in adults and therefore reduce risks of cervical cancer, according to a new report released today by the World Health Organization (WHO). […] Currently, vaccines exist to prevent, but not treat HPV infections, which are the main cause of cervical cancer. Using the latest immunotherapy advances, however, therapeutic vaccines are now also being developed that could clear HPV or treat precancerous cells in those already exposed to the virus. […] Therapeutic HPV vaccines could be a catalytic innovation to complement these efforts, increasing options for the millions of women who have already acquired HPV and reducing their risks of developing life-threatening cancer in the future.
  • #81
    https://www.who.int/news/item/03-07-2024-vaccines-to-treat-human-papillomavirus-could-be-a-significant-innovation-in-the-fight-against-cervical-cancer
    A therapeutic vaccine for HPV could supplement these existing approaches. Such vaccines aim to boost the body’s immune response so that it can either fight and clear high-risk strains of the virus or abnormal precancerous cells. […] There are currently over 20 therapeutic HPV vaccine candidates at different stages of development, with several in clinical trials.
  • #82 Is HPV Curable? – Superdrug Health Clinic
    https://healthclinics.superdrug.com/is-hpv-curable/
    The HPV vaccine cannot cure existing infections – the HPV vaccine is able to prevent future infections of high-risk types of HPV that can cause cancer, and a number of low-risk types that can develop into genital warts. […] Yes, there is ongoing research into developing a cure for HPV – while the HPV vaccine has been greatly effective in stopping the spread of certain types of HPV, there is currently no cure for existing HPV infections. […] Drug development – ongoing research at the University of Leeds and the University of Birmingham into how HPV infections occur have led to the identification of a specific protein known as STAT3, which allows HPV to infect cells and replicate, and the individual enzymes that activates the protein. […] There are also ongoing clinical trials to prove the effectiveness of lopimune, which is a combination of the antiviral HIV drugs lopinavir and ritonavir, in treating existing HPV infections. […] Therapeutic vaccine – the current HPV vaccine is preventative, meaning it can protect against future HPV vaccinations but cannot treat an existing infection.
  • #83
    https://www.who.int/news/item/03-07-2024-vaccines-to-treat-human-papillomavirus-could-be-a-significant-innovation-in-the-fight-against-cervical-cancer
    A therapeutic vaccine for HPV could supplement these existing approaches. Such vaccines aim to boost the body’s immune response so that it can either fight and clear high-risk strains of the virus or abnormal precancerous cells. […] There are currently over 20 therapeutic HPV vaccine candidates at different stages of development, with several in clinical trials.
  • #84 Therapy of Human Papillomavirus-Related Disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4155500/
    Provider administered treatments of genital warts include cryotherapy, trichloracetic acid, or surgical removal which has the highest primary clearance rate. […] Patient applied therapies include podophyllotoxin and imiquimod. […] Further improvements could derive from a rational combination of current therapy with new drugs targeting molecular pathways mediated by HPV in cancer. […] Small molecule inhibitors targeting the DNA binding activities of HPV E1/E2 or the anti-apoptotic consequences of E6/E7 oncogenes are in preclinical development. […] Proteasome and histone deacetylase inhibitors, which can enhance apoptosis in HPV positive tumour cells, are being tested in early clinical trials. […] Recently two E6/E7 vaccines have shown some clinical efficacy in high grade VIN patients and this correlated with strong and broad systemic HPV-specific T cell response and modulation of key local immune factors. […] Treatments that can shift the balance of immune effectors locally in combination with vaccination are now being tested.
  • #85 Cancer Interception: The First HPV Antiviral Treatment Fights Pre-Cancers | UNM HSC Newsroom
    https://hscnews.unm.edu/news/unmccc-first-hpv-antiviral-treatment-ozbun
    Like a football team disrupting the opponents play, Michelle Ozbun, PhD, and Jason McConville, PhD, at The University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center are designing a gel to prevent cancers caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs). […] The antiviral gel, Ozbun hopes, may help all of these people. The idea for administering a treatment via a topical gel came from research conducted in Ozbun’s lab to study how HPV infects cells and causes diseases. […] We call it cancer interception because we’re keeping the tumor from turning into cancer. […] When Ozbun’s team treated HPV-infected skin cells and lab-grown skin with a drug that hinders the MEK/ERK pathway, these cells stopped producing the E6 and E7 proteins and behaved more normally. […] The team needed another way to get the drug to HPV-infected skin cells, so they created a gel that is absorbed through the skin and shuts down the MEK/ERK pathway. They hope this approach will not only kill the precancerous cells but also hamper further HPV infection.
  • #86 Is HPV Curable? – Superdrug Health Clinic
    https://healthclinics.superdrug.com/is-hpv-curable/
    The HPV vaccine cannot cure existing infections – the HPV vaccine is able to prevent future infections of high-risk types of HPV that can cause cancer, and a number of low-risk types that can develop into genital warts. […] Yes, there is ongoing research into developing a cure for HPV – while the HPV vaccine has been greatly effective in stopping the spread of certain types of HPV, there is currently no cure for existing HPV infections. […] Drug development – ongoing research at the University of Leeds and the University of Birmingham into how HPV infections occur have led to the identification of a specific protein known as STAT3, which allows HPV to infect cells and replicate, and the individual enzymes that activates the protein. […] There are also ongoing clinical trials to prove the effectiveness of lopimune, which is a combination of the antiviral HIV drugs lopinavir and ritonavir, in treating existing HPV infections. […] Therapeutic vaccine – the current HPV vaccine is preventative, meaning it can protect against future HPV vaccinations but cannot treat an existing infection.
  • #87 Cancer Interception: The First HPV Antiviral Treatment Fights Pre-Cancers | UNM HSC Newsroom
    https://hscnews.unm.edu/news/unmccc-first-hpv-antiviral-treatment-ozbun
    Like a football team disrupting the opponents play, Michelle Ozbun, PhD, and Jason McConville, PhD, at The University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center are designing a gel to prevent cancers caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs). […] The antiviral gel, Ozbun hopes, may help all of these people. The idea for administering a treatment via a topical gel came from research conducted in Ozbun’s lab to study how HPV infects cells and causes diseases. […] We call it cancer interception because we’re keeping the tumor from turning into cancer. […] When Ozbun’s team treated HPV-infected skin cells and lab-grown skin with a drug that hinders the MEK/ERK pathway, these cells stopped producing the E6 and E7 proteins and behaved more normally. […] The team needed another way to get the drug to HPV-infected skin cells, so they created a gel that is absorbed through the skin and shuts down the MEK/ERK pathway. They hope this approach will not only kill the precancerous cells but also hamper further HPV infection.
  • #88 Cancer Interception: The First HPV Antiviral Treatment Fights Pre-Cancers | UNM HSC Newsroom
    https://hscnews.unm.edu/news/unmccc-first-hpv-antiviral-treatment-ozbun
    This gel will be the first of its kind. We don’t have any antivirals for HPVs. […] Ozbun’s team is conducting their first pre-clinical study in live animals. They are using various formulations of the gel to apply trametinib directly to skin tumors. […] She hopes to later repeat this pre-clinical study to test the gel against human genital warts and cervical precancers. […] It [this gel] will be the first of its kind, Ozbun says. We don’t have any antivirals for HPVs.
  • #89 Therapy of Human Papillomavirus-Related Disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4155500/
    Provider administered treatments of genital warts include cryotherapy, trichloracetic acid, or surgical removal which has the highest primary clearance rate. […] Patient applied therapies include podophyllotoxin and imiquimod. […] Further improvements could derive from a rational combination of current therapy with new drugs targeting molecular pathways mediated by HPV in cancer. […] Small molecule inhibitors targeting the DNA binding activities of HPV E1/E2 or the anti-apoptotic consequences of E6/E7 oncogenes are in preclinical development. […] Proteasome and histone deacetylase inhibitors, which can enhance apoptosis in HPV positive tumour cells, are being tested in early clinical trials. […] Recently two E6/E7 vaccines have shown some clinical efficacy in high grade VIN patients and this correlated with strong and broad systemic HPV-specific T cell response and modulation of key local immune factors. […] Treatments that can shift the balance of immune effectors locally in combination with vaccination are now being tested.
  • #90 Therapy of Human Papillomavirus-Related Disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4155500/
    Provider administered treatments of genital warts include cryotherapy, trichloracetic acid, or surgical removal which has the highest primary clearance rate. […] Patient applied therapies include podophyllotoxin and imiquimod. […] Further improvements could derive from a rational combination of current therapy with new drugs targeting molecular pathways mediated by HPV in cancer. […] Small molecule inhibitors targeting the DNA binding activities of HPV E1/E2 or the anti-apoptotic consequences of E6/E7 oncogenes are in preclinical development. […] Proteasome and histone deacetylase inhibitors, which can enhance apoptosis in HPV positive tumour cells, are being tested in early clinical trials. […] Recently two E6/E7 vaccines have shown some clinical efficacy in high grade VIN patients and this correlated with strong and broad systemic HPV-specific T cell response and modulation of key local immune factors. […] Treatments that can shift the balance of immune effectors locally in combination with vaccination are now being tested.
  • #91 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Considerations in Specific Patient Subgroups, Pharmacologic Therapy
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219110-treatment
    It is challenging to find a single curative treatment for condylomata acuminata (genital warts). Although various therapies exist for genital warts, no single modality has demonstrated superiority, and no single treatment is ideal for all wart types. Factors influencing treatment decisions include lesion size, morphology, number, location, cost, adverse effects, patient preferences, prior treatments, and provider experience. […] Common treatments involve direct lesion ablation such as surgical excision, chemical ablation, and cryotherapy. Improper use of these treatments can lead to unnecessary tissue damage. Most patients require multiple treatments over weeks to months. If substantial improvement is not seen after three physician-administered treatments or complete clearance is not achieved after six treatments, a different approach should be considered. HIV-positive patients or those immunosuppressed may require multiple treatment methods, as their warts often do not respond well to therapy. Recurrence is noted in 20-30% of patients regardless of the chosen therapy, which can be frustrating for both patients and physicians alike.
  • #92 Human Papillomavirus Disease: Adult and Adolescent OIs | NIH
    https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/human
    People with HIV may have larger or more numerous warts, may not respond as well to therapy for genital warts as individuals who are immunocompetent, and may have more frequent recurrences after treatment. Genital warts are not life-threatening and may regress without therapy, even in people with HIV and especially in those whose immunity is relatively preserved. Treatments are available for genital warts, but none are effective or preferred uniformly. Lacking RCTs specific to people with HIV, guidelines for the treatment of STIs in people without HIV should be followed. More than one treatment option may be required for refractory or recurrent lesions in people with HIV. Histologic diagnosis should be obtained for refractory lesions to confirm the absence of high-grade disease. Intra-anal, vaginal, urethral, or cervical warts should be treated and managed by a specialist.
  • #93 Core Concepts – Human Papillomavirus Infection – Self-Study Lessons – National STD Curriculum
    https://www.std.uw.edu/go/comprehensive-study/hpv/core-concept/all
    The 9-valent HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing anogenital warts, precancerous lesions, and invasive cancers associated with HPV. […] Treatment of anogenital warts typically produces a very good clinical response within 3 months. […] Although appropriate treatment can induce wart-free periods, subsequent recurrences are common, with a 20 to 50% recurrence rate at 3 to 6 months post-treatment. […] The primary goal for the treatment of anogenital warts is the removal of visible warts. […] Available therapies reduce but do not completely eliminate the risk of HPV transmission. […] Among recommended treatments, there is no evidence that any treatment is superior to others. […] The choice of the specific treatment should depend on the location of anogenital warts, provider treatment experience, available therapies, preference of the person with the anogenital warts, and pregnancy status.
  • #94 Human Papillomavirus Disease: Adult and Adolescent OIs | NIH
    https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/human
    People with HIV may have larger or more numerous warts, may not respond as well to therapy for genital warts as individuals who are immunocompetent, and may have more frequent recurrences after treatment. Genital warts are not life-threatening and may regress without therapy, even in people with HIV and especially in those whose immunity is relatively preserved. Treatments are available for genital warts, but none are effective or preferred uniformly. Lacking RCTs specific to people with HIV, guidelines for the treatment of STIs in people without HIV should be followed. More than one treatment option may be required for refractory or recurrent lesions in people with HIV. Histologic diagnosis should be obtained for refractory lesions to confirm the absence of high-grade disease. Intra-anal, vaginal, urethral, or cervical warts should be treated and managed by a specialist.
  • #95 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection – STI Treatment Guidelines
    https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/hpv.htm
    Treatment is directed to the macroscopic (e.g., genital warts) or pathologic precancerous lesions caused by HPV. […] Specific antiviral therapy is not recommended to eradicate HPV infection. […] Treatments are available for the conditions caused by HPV but not for the virus itself.
  • #96 Human papillomavirus infection – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_papillomavirus_infection
    HPV vaccines can prevent the most common types of infection. […] To be most effective, inoculation should occur before the onset of sexual activity, and are therefore recommended between the ages of 9-13 years. […] Cervical cancer screening, such as the Papanicolaou test („pap smear”), or examination of the cervix after applying acetic acid, can detect both early cancer and abnormal cells that may develop into cancer. […] Screening allows for early treatment which results in better outcomes. […] Screening has reduced both the number of cases and the number of deaths from cervical cancer. […] Genital warts can be removed by freezing. […] There is currently no specific treatment for HPV infection. […] However, the viral infection is usually cleared to undetectable levels by the immune system.
  • #97 HPV infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20351596
    HPV infections cause almost all cervical cancers. But cervical cancer may take 20 years or longer to develop after an HPV infection. The HPV infection and early cervical cancer typically don’t cause symptoms. Getting vaccinated against HPV infection is the best way to protect against cervical cancer. […] HPV vaccines Gardasil 9 is an HPV vaccine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and can be used for males and females to protect against cervical cancer and genital warts. The vaccine works best if a person gets it before having the first sexual contact. Once someone has HPV, the vaccine might not work as well or at all. Also, younger people respond better to the vaccine than older people do. If given before someone has HPV infection, the vaccine can prevent most cervical cancers.
  • #98
    https://www.who.int/news/item/03-07-2024-vaccines-to-treat-human-papillomavirus-could-be-a-significant-innovation-in-the-fight-against-cervical-cancer
    Innovative vaccines are being developed that could potentially treat dangerous human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in adults and therefore reduce risks of cervical cancer, according to a new report released today by the World Health Organization (WHO). […] Currently, vaccines exist to prevent, but not treat HPV infections, which are the main cause of cervical cancer. Using the latest immunotherapy advances, however, therapeutic vaccines are now also being developed that could clear HPV or treat precancerous cells in those already exposed to the virus. […] Therapeutic HPV vaccines could be a catalytic innovation to complement these efforts, increasing options for the millions of women who have already acquired HPV and reducing their risks of developing life-threatening cancer in the future.
  • #99
    https://www.who.int/news/item/03-07-2024-vaccines-to-treat-human-papillomavirus-could-be-a-significant-innovation-in-the-fight-against-cervical-cancer
    A therapeutic vaccine for HPV could supplement these existing approaches. Such vaccines aim to boost the body’s immune response so that it can either fight and clear high-risk strains of the virus or abnormal precancerous cells. […] There are currently over 20 therapeutic HPV vaccine candidates at different stages of development, with several in clinical trials.
  • #100 [Dr.Sanina Mansoor] – Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Effective Treatment Options | Allo Health
    https://www.allohealth.com/blog/uncategorized/human-papillomavirus-hpv-effective-treatment-options
    Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) with various strains, some of which can lead to genital warts, cervical dysplasia, and certain types of cancer. While HPV infection itself cannot be cured, effective treatment options are available to manage symptoms, reduce the risk of complications, and prevent transmission. In this comprehensive article, we delve into the diverse treatment modalities for HPV infection, including medical interventions, surgical procedures, and preventive measures aimed at promoting overall health and well-being. […] Medical interventions such as topical treatments and surgical procedures can effectively treat genital warts and cervical dysplasia, while preventive measures such as HPV vaccination and regular screening play crucial roles in preventing HPV-related cancers and other associated conditions. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as smoking cessation can further enhance treatment outcomes and promote overall health and well-being in individuals affected by HPV infection. By prioritising comprehensive HPV prevention and treatment strategies, healthcare providers and individuals alike can work together to mitigate the impact of HPV on public health and improve outcomes for those affected by the virus.
  • #101 [Dr.Sanina Mansoor] – Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Effective Treatment Options | Allo Health
    https://www.allohealth.com/blog/uncategorized/human-papillomavirus-hpv-effective-treatment-options
    While there is no cure for HPV infection, effective treatments are available to manage symptoms, reduce the risk of complications, and prevent transmission. Treatment options include topical medications for genital warts, surgical procedures for cervical dysplasia, HPV vaccination for prevention, and regular screening for early detection of HPV-related conditions.

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