Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Nightmare disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nightmare-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353520

  Treatment for nightmares isn’t usually necessary. However, treatment may be needed if the nightmares are causing you distress or sleep disturbance and interfering with your daytime functioning. […] The cause of the nightmare disorder helps determine treatment. Treatment options may include: […] If a mental health condition, such as stress or anxiety, seems to be contributing to the nightmares, your doctor may suggest stress-reduction techniques, counseling or therapy with a mental health professional. […] Imagery rehearsal therapy. Often used with people who have nightmares as a result of PTSD, imagery rehearsal therapy involves changing the ending to your remembered nightmare while awake so that it’s no longer threatening. You then rehearse the new ending in your mind. This approach may reduce the frequency of nightmares. […] Medication is rarely used to treat nightmares. However, medication may be recommended for severe nightmares associated with PTSD.

• #2 Nightmares and nightmare disorder in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nightmares-and-nightmare-disorder-in-adults/print

  Nightmares are common beginning early in childhood and extending throughout the lifespan. The condition is strongly associated with stress, anxiety, and trauma. […] While nightmares are not by definition pathologic, those that are frequent or disabling and impair social, occupational, emotional, and physical wellbeing are considered a disorder and are often a sign of underlying and treatable psychopathology. […] This topic reviews the causes, differential diagnosis, evaluation, and management of nightmares in adults. […] For patients who require nightmare-specific treatment, clinical guidelines from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) endorse both behavioral and pharmacologic approaches. […] Among these, imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT), a form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and prazosin have the largest supporting literature.

• #3 Nightmares and nightmare disorder in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nightmares-and-nightmare-disorder-in-adults/print

  Nightmares are common beginning early in childhood and extending throughout the lifespan. The condition is strongly associated with stress, anxiety, and trauma. […] While nightmares are not by definition pathologic, those that are frequent or disabling and impair social, occupational, emotional, and physical wellbeing are considered a disorder and are often a sign of underlying and treatable psychopathology. […] This topic reviews the causes, differential diagnosis, evaluation, and management of nightmares in adults. […] For patients who require nightmare-specific treatment, clinical guidelines from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) endorse both behavioral and pharmacologic approaches. […] Among these, imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT), a form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and prazosin have the largest supporting literature.

• #4 Nightmares and nightmare disorder in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nightmares-and-nightmare-disorder-in-adults/print

  The choice between psychotherapy and medication can be individualized according to patient preferences and access to a therapist. […] In our experience, the majority of chronic persistent nightmares in adults are related in some way to underlying psychopathology or past trauma, and we encourage most patients to engage in psychotherapy prior to or in conjunction with prazosin. […] Psychotherapy to address underlying psychopathology or past trauma is suggested in most patients with chronic, persistent nightmares. […] A variety of cognitive and behavioral approaches have been studied for patients with nightmare disorder. […] Among these, we suggest imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT), a form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), in most patients. […] IRT has shown efficacy in patients with both idiopathic nightmare disorder as well as trauma-associated nightmare disorder.

• #5 Nightmares and nightmare disorder in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nightmares-and-nightmare-disorder-in-adults/print

  The choice between psychotherapy and medication can be individualized according to patient preferences and access to a therapist. […] In our experience, the majority of chronic persistent nightmares in adults are related in some way to underlying psychopathology or past trauma, and we encourage most patients to engage in psychotherapy prior to or in conjunction with prazosin. […] Psychotherapy to address underlying psychopathology or past trauma is suggested in most patients with chronic, persistent nightmares. […] A variety of cognitive and behavioral approaches have been studied for patients with nightmare disorder. […] Among these, we suggest imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT), a form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), in most patients. […] IRT has shown efficacy in patients with both idiopathic nightmare disorder as well as trauma-associated nightmare disorder.

• #6 Nightmares and nightmare disorder in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nightmares-and-nightmare-disorder-in-adults/print

  The choice between psychotherapy and medication can be individualized according to patient preferences and access to a therapist. […] In our experience, the majority of chronic persistent nightmares in adults are related in some way to underlying psychopathology or past trauma, and we encourage most patients to engage in psychotherapy prior to or in conjunction with prazosin. […] Psychotherapy to address underlying psychopathology or past trauma is suggested in most patients with chronic, persistent nightmares. […] A variety of cognitive and behavioral approaches have been studied for patients with nightmare disorder. […] Among these, we suggest imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT), a form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), in most patients. […] IRT has shown efficacy in patients with both idiopathic nightmare disorder as well as trauma-associated nightmare disorder.

• #7 Best Practice Guide for the Treatment of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2919672/

  Prazosin is recommended for treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)-associated nightmares. Level A […] Image Rehearsal Therapy (IRT) is recommended for treatment of nightmare disorder. Level A […] Systematic Desensitization and Progressive Deep Muscle Relaxation training are suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] The following behavioral therapies may be considered for treatment of nightmare disorder based on low-grade evidence: Lucid Dreaming Therapy and Self-Exposure Therapy. Level C […] The following behavioral therapies may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares based on low-grade evidence: Exposure, Relaxation, and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT); Sleep Dynamic Therapy; Hypnosis; Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR); and the Testimony Method. Level C

• #8 Nightmare Disorder: What Causes It and How Do You Manage It?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/nightmare-disorder

  Vivid, upsetting nightmares happen sometimes. When they occur regularly and affect your ability to sleep or function, you may have a nightmare disorder. Sleep therapy, medications, and desensitization methods can all help treat this rare sleep condition. […] Nightmare disorder can be successfully managed with medications, behavioral modification, and psychotherapy. […] According to a 2018 position statement from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), image rehearsal therapy (IRT) is the recommended treatment for nightmare disorder. […] The goal is to reformat the ending of your nightmare into a positive outcome. With the guidance of your therapist, you’ll rehearse positive, alternative dream endings. Within a few weeks of sessions with regular at-home practice, your nightmares can become less distressing.

• #9 Nightmare disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nightmare-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353520

  Treatment for nightmares isn’t usually necessary. However, treatment may be needed if the nightmares are causing you distress or sleep disturbance and interfering with your daytime functioning. […] The cause of the nightmare disorder helps determine treatment. Treatment options may include: […] If a mental health condition, such as stress or anxiety, seems to be contributing to the nightmares, your doctor may suggest stress-reduction techniques, counseling or therapy with a mental health professional. […] Imagery rehearsal therapy. Often used with people who have nightmares as a result of PTSD, imagery rehearsal therapy involves changing the ending to your remembered nightmare while awake so that it’s no longer threatening. You then rehearse the new ending in your mind. This approach may reduce the frequency of nightmares. […] Medication is rarely used to treat nightmares. However, medication may be recommended for severe nightmares associated with PTSD.

• #10 Best Practice Guide for the Treatment of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2919672/

  No recommendation is made regarding clonazepam and individual psychotherapy because of sparse data. […] The purpose of this Best Practice Guide is to present recommendations on therapy of nightmare disorder. Treatment modalities for nightmare disorder include medications, most prominently prazosin, and several behavioral therapies, of which the nightmare-focused cognitive behavioral therapy variants, especially image rehearsal therapy, are effective. […] CBT is often used as a broad term for a number of psychotherapeutic and behavioral techniques tailored to uncover, alter, and correct distortions of cognition and behavior in an individual. […] Image Rehearsal Therapy (IRT) is a modified CBT technique that utilizes recalling the nightmare, writing it down, changing the theme, story line, ending, or any part of the dream to a more positive one, and rehearsing the rewritten dream scenario so that the patient can displace the unwanted content when the dream recurs. IRT acts to inhibit the original nightmare, providing a cognitive shift that empirically refutes the original premise of the nightmare.

• #11 Nightmares – Society of Behavioral Sleep Medicine

  https://www.behavioralsleep.org/index.php/sbsm/about-childhood-sleep-disorders/childhood-nightmares-behavioral-sleep-medicine

  Nearly 1 in 20 adults in the United States suffer from nightmares or disturbing dreams, and nearly twice as many children and adolescents experience frequent nightmares. […] Most nightmare sufferers cannot imagine that their nightmares are a treatable problem, resulting in few people actively seeking treatment for them. […] IRT is an evidence-based, non-drug approach to nightmare treatment. […] Research has shown that IRT is effective with a wide range of patients, from those who suffer from distressing dreams on a regular basis to those who have nightmares related to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). […] IRT has been shown to help here as well. […] Clinical studies have shown IRT is effective for the treatment of nightmares. […] Some patients report improved daytime mood and functioning as a result of successful treatment of their nightmare disorder. […] On average 3-4 sessions are usually required for many people to begin seeing improvement in nightmare frequency and distress.

• #12 Treating Nightmare Disorder | Psychology Today South Africa

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/za/blog/sleepless-in-america/201812/treating-nightmare-disorder

  Prazosin is the best researched and most widely prescribed drug for treating nightmares in the practice of sleep medicine. […] Image rehearsal therapy (IRT) is a cognitive behavioral therapy technique that is designed to displace the content of a nightmare. […] Studies cited by (Morgenthaler et al, 2018) indicate that this method can be effective for a majority of patients and can significantly reduce the frequency of nightmares and the effect appears to be long lasting. […] Exposure, relaxation and rescripting therapy (ERRT) is a modified form of Image rehearsal therapy and does not have as much research backing as IRT. […] This treatment targets the anxiety associated with the nightmares and uses psychoeducation, sleep hygiene, and progressive muscle relaxation techniques. […] Less research has been done on lucid dreaming therapy than IRT or ERRT. […] This therapy shows promise in reducing or eliminating nightmares. […] These therapies, primarily psychological and behavioral in nature, offer hope that Nightmare Disorder and the nightmares associated with PTSD can be treated. […] One or more of these treatments may work for you.

• #13 Nightmares – Society of Behavioral Sleep Medicine

  https://www.behavioralsleep.org/index.php/sbsm/about-childhood-sleep-disorders/childhood-nightmares-behavioral-sleep-medicine

  Nearly 1 in 20 adults in the United States suffer from nightmares or disturbing dreams, and nearly twice as many children and adolescents experience frequent nightmares. […] Most nightmare sufferers cannot imagine that their nightmares are a treatable problem, resulting in few people actively seeking treatment for them. […] IRT is an evidence-based, non-drug approach to nightmare treatment. […] Research has shown that IRT is effective with a wide range of patients, from those who suffer from distressing dreams on a regular basis to those who have nightmares related to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). […] IRT has been shown to help here as well. […] Clinical studies have shown IRT is effective for the treatment of nightmares. […] Some patients report improved daytime mood and functioning as a result of successful treatment of their nightmare disorder. […] On average 3-4 sessions are usually required for many people to begin seeing improvement in nightmare frequency and distress.

• #14 Best Practice Guide for the Treatment of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2919672/

  Lucid Dreaming Therapy (LDT) may be considered for treatment for nightmare disorder. Level C […] Exposure, Relaxation and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT) may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Sleep Dynamic Therapy may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Self-Exposure Therapy may be considered for treatment of nightmare disorder. Level C […] Systematic Desensitization is suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] Progressive Deep Muscle Relaxation Training is suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] Hypnosis may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] The Testimony method may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] No recommendation is made regarding Individual Psychotherapy because of sparse data.

• #15 Nightmare Disorder: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.verywellmind.com/nightmare-disorder-definition-symptoms-causes-treatment-5220095

  Another cognitive-behavioral therapy is exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy (ERRT), which combines IRT with exposure and relaxation therapy. […] This type of therapy is specifically for addressing nightmares related to trauma. […] It helps one to approach these nightmares and discover methods of how to self-soothe during the revisitation of these experiences. […] It also involves being informed of healthy sleep habits and techniques for managing trauma. […] There are various other techniques that can be used in therapy, like exposure therapy on its own to lessen fear related to nightmares. […] Another technique is a therapy treatment that helps increase lucid dreams to help an individual have more control and awareness during their nightmares to be able to alter them. […] If you are experiencing constant nightmares that are impacting your life in some way, consider speaking with a psychiatrist. […] If you are getting nightmares this frequently, it may be time to seek professional help so that you can develop a useful treatment method and gain back control of your sleep.

• #16 Treating Nightmare Disorder | Psychology Today South Africa

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/za/blog/sleepless-in-america/201812/treating-nightmare-disorder

  Prazosin is the best researched and most widely prescribed drug for treating nightmares in the practice of sleep medicine. […] Image rehearsal therapy (IRT) is a cognitive behavioral therapy technique that is designed to displace the content of a nightmare. […] Studies cited by (Morgenthaler et al, 2018) indicate that this method can be effective for a majority of patients and can significantly reduce the frequency of nightmares and the effect appears to be long lasting. […] Exposure, relaxation and rescripting therapy (ERRT) is a modified form of Image rehearsal therapy and does not have as much research backing as IRT. […] This treatment targets the anxiety associated with the nightmares and uses psychoeducation, sleep hygiene, and progressive muscle relaxation techniques. […] Less research has been done on lucid dreaming therapy than IRT or ERRT. […] This therapy shows promise in reducing or eliminating nightmares. […] These therapies, primarily psychological and behavioral in nature, offer hope that Nightmare Disorder and the nightmares associated with PTSD can be treated. […] One or more of these treatments may work for you.

• #17 Psychosocial Treatments for Trauma-Based Nightmares

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/psychosocial-treatments-trauma-based-nightmares

  Treatment assists the patient identify core themes contained in the nightmare, such as safety, trust, power/control, intimacy, self-esteem. […] The nightmare content is rescripted in order to modifying the content based on the theme of the nightmare. […] Jack was engaged in prolonged exposure therapy to address his PTSD symptoms and he was prescribed citalopram and trazodone to address symptoms of PTSD, depression, and insomnia. […] He was referred to a group application of IRT in which 5 Vietnam war combat veterans were seen weekly for a period of 6 weeks to address trauma-related nightmares. […] He was engaged and complied with treatment, and he was provided with a description of his nightmare as a habitual and self-perpetuating pattern of behavior that could be effectively addressed by treatment.

• #18 Best Practice Guide for the Treatment of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2919672/

  Lucid Dreaming Therapy (LDT) may be considered for treatment for nightmare disorder. Level C […] Exposure, Relaxation and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT) may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Sleep Dynamic Therapy may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Self-Exposure Therapy may be considered for treatment of nightmare disorder. Level C […] Systematic Desensitization is suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] Progressive Deep Muscle Relaxation Training is suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] Hypnosis may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] The Testimony method may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] No recommendation is made regarding Individual Psychotherapy because of sparse data.

• #19 Nightmare Disorder: What Causes It and How Do You Manage It?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/nightmare-disorder

  IRT is just one treatment option available for nightmare disorder. Other techniques suggested by the AASM include: CBT, exposure, relaxation, and re-scripting therapy, hypnosis, lucid dreaming therapy, progressive deep muscle relaxation, sleep dynamic therapy, self-exposure, systematic desensitization, testimony method. […] A sleep doctor may also prescribe anti-anxiety medications such as nitrazepam, prazosin, triazolam. […] Treatment for nightmare disorder can vary depending on your experiences and any co-existing conditions. If you also live with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), for example, your management plan may involve additional therapies and medications. […] Speaking with a doctor or a sleep specialist can help you explore management strategies that reduce the frequency and severity of nightmares. These may include image rehearsal therapy, lucid dreaming therapy, and medication. […] Although experts aren’t clear on the underlying causes of nightmare disorder, behavioral interventions, psychotherapy, and medications can help you successfully manage symptoms.

• #20 Best Practice Guide for the Treatment of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2919672/

  Lucid Dreaming Therapy (LDT) may be considered for treatment for nightmare disorder. Level C […] Exposure, Relaxation and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT) may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Sleep Dynamic Therapy may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Self-Exposure Therapy may be considered for treatment of nightmare disorder. Level C […] Systematic Desensitization is suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] Progressive Deep Muscle Relaxation Training is suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] Hypnosis may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] The Testimony method may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] No recommendation is made regarding Individual Psychotherapy because of sparse data.

• #21 Treatment for Nightmare Disorder – Mind Help

  https://mind.help/topic/treatment-for-nightmare-disorder/

  IRT is a form of cognitive behavioral therapy that helps to track and identify the images and content associated with disturbing and unpleasant dreams. […] According to a 2019 study, image rehearsal therapy is one of the most effective treatment options for nightmare disorder. […] Lucid dreaming therapy focuses on helping people with nightmare disorder influence and control their own dreams directly while dreaming. […] A 2010 study recommends LDT for the treatment for nightmare disorder. […] SDT is an integrated sleep treatment program of mainly evidence-based, nonpharmacologic sleep medicine therapies coupled with standard clinical sleep medicine instructions. […] A 2010 study recommends sleep dynamic therapy for PTSD-associated nightmares as reports suggest improvements in nightmares and insomnia after a 12-week period.

• #22 Best Practice Guide for the Treatment of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2919672/

  Lucid Dreaming Therapy (LDT) may be considered for treatment for nightmare disorder. Level C […] Exposure, Relaxation and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT) may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Sleep Dynamic Therapy may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Self-Exposure Therapy may be considered for treatment of nightmare disorder. Level C […] Systematic Desensitization is suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] Progressive Deep Muscle Relaxation Training is suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] Hypnosis may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] The Testimony method may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] No recommendation is made regarding Individual Psychotherapy because of sparse data.

• #23 Nightmare Disorder DSM-5 307.47 (F51.5)

  https://www.theravive.com/therapedia/nightmare-disorder-dsm–5-307.47-(f51.5)

  Nightmare disorder can be treated in a number of ways, usually with therapy, medication or a combination of both. […] Therapies may be advised, either with medication or in isolation. These include: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) […] The most common type of non-medicinal treatment for nightmare disorder is CBT, which encompasses a variety of psychotherapeutic and behavioral techniques. […] Some of the methods used to treat nightmare disorder include: Image rehearsal therapy – which requires the patient to recall and write down their nightmare, change the theme or other elements to make the dream more positive, and then rehearse the scenario to influence subsequent dreams. […] Self-exposure therapy – requires the patient to expose themselves to situations that provoke their anxiety, starting with the least provocative scenario until their fear decreases and then move up the list.

• #24 Best Practice Guide for the Treatment of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2919672/

  Lucid Dreaming Therapy (LDT) may be considered for treatment for nightmare disorder. Level C […] Exposure, Relaxation and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT) may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Sleep Dynamic Therapy may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Self-Exposure Therapy may be considered for treatment of nightmare disorder. Level C […] Systematic Desensitization is suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] Progressive Deep Muscle Relaxation Training is suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] Hypnosis may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] The Testimony method may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] No recommendation is made regarding Individual Psychotherapy because of sparse data.

• #25 Best Practice Guide for the Treatment of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2919672/

  Lucid Dreaming Therapy (LDT) may be considered for treatment for nightmare disorder. Level C […] Exposure, Relaxation and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT) may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Sleep Dynamic Therapy may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Self-Exposure Therapy may be considered for treatment of nightmare disorder. Level C […] Systematic Desensitization is suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] Progressive Deep Muscle Relaxation Training is suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] Hypnosis may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] The Testimony method may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] No recommendation is made regarding Individual Psychotherapy because of sparse data.

• #26 Best Practice Guide for the Treatment of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2919672/

  Lucid Dreaming Therapy (LDT) may be considered for treatment for nightmare disorder. Level C […] Exposure, Relaxation and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT) may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Sleep Dynamic Therapy may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Self-Exposure Therapy may be considered for treatment of nightmare disorder. Level C […] Systematic Desensitization is suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] Progressive Deep Muscle Relaxation Training is suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] Hypnosis may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] The Testimony method may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] No recommendation is made regarding Individual Psychotherapy because of sparse data.

• #27 Nightmare Disorder Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914428-treatment

  Reassurance and conservative management is the only treatment required for sporadic nightmares. […] Several different cognitive-behavioral methods have been reported to be effective in treating nightmares in children. […] Hypnosis has been reported to be effective in treating nightmares and other parasomnias in children and adults. […] In adults with PTSD-associated nightmares, image rehearsal therapy is recommended. Other treatments that may be considered for PTSD-associated nightmares include cognitive behavioral therapy; eye movement desensitization and reprocessing; exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy; the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine, risperidone, and aripiprazole; clonidine; cyproheptadine; fluvoxamine; gabapentin; nabilone; phenelzine; prazosin; topiramate; trazodone; and tricyclic antidepressants.

• #28 Best Practice Guide for the Treatment of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2919672/

  Lucid Dreaming Therapy (LDT) may be considered for treatment for nightmare disorder. Level C […] Exposure, Relaxation and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT) may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Sleep Dynamic Therapy may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Self-Exposure Therapy may be considered for treatment of nightmare disorder. Level C […] Systematic Desensitization is suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] Progressive Deep Muscle Relaxation Training is suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] Hypnosis may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] The Testimony method may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] No recommendation is made regarding Individual Psychotherapy because of sparse data.

• #29 Best Practice Guide for the Treatment of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2919672/

  Lucid Dreaming Therapy (LDT) may be considered for treatment for nightmare disorder. Level C […] Exposure, Relaxation and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT) may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Sleep Dynamic Therapy may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Self-Exposure Therapy may be considered for treatment of nightmare disorder. Level C […] Systematic Desensitization is suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] Progressive Deep Muscle Relaxation Training is suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B […] Hypnosis may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] The Testimony method may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C […] No recommendation is made regarding Individual Psychotherapy because of sparse data.

• #30 Nightmare disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nightmare-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353520

  Treatment for nightmares isn’t usually necessary. However, treatment may be needed if the nightmares are causing you distress or sleep disturbance and interfering with your daytime functioning. […] The cause of the nightmare disorder helps determine treatment. Treatment options may include: […] If a mental health condition, such as stress or anxiety, seems to be contributing to the nightmares, your doctor may suggest stress-reduction techniques, counseling or therapy with a mental health professional. […] Imagery rehearsal therapy. Often used with people who have nightmares as a result of PTSD, imagery rehearsal therapy involves changing the ending to your remembered nightmare while awake so that it’s no longer threatening. You then rehearse the new ending in your mind. This approach may reduce the frequency of nightmares. […] Medication is rarely used to treat nightmares. However, medication may be recommended for severe nightmares associated with PTSD.

• #31 Nightmare Disorder: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24464-nightmare-disorder

  Nightmare disorder is treatable with various psychotherapies and medications. […] To treat nightmare disorder, your healthcare provider may recommend a combination of therapies, including forms of psychotherapy (talk therapy) and medication. […] The main forms of psychotherapy for nightmare disorder are cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based therapies, including: Imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) and Exposure, relaxation and rescripting therapy (ERRT). […] The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) recommends imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) and related treatments like exposure, relaxation and rescripting therapy (ERRT) as the most effective treatment for nightmare disorder in adults. […] Your healthcare provider may consider medications if the above-mentioned forms of psychotherapy don’t help.

• #32 Nightmares and nightmare disorder in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nightmares-and-nightmare-disorder-in-adults/print

  Prazosin, an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist, is the best studied medication for nightmares and has been the preferred first-line pharmacotherapy when medication is deemed necessary. […] However, even with successful treatment of predisposing factors and co-occurring psychiatric disorders, nightmares can persist and may require specific treatment.

• #33 Treating Nightmare Disorder | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/sleepless-in-america/201812/treating-nightmare-disorder

  For Nightmare Disorder where the nightmares are not associated with PTSD, a number of psychological treatments have been used including cognitive behavioral therapy; exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy; hypnosis; lucid dreaming therapy; progressive muscle relaxation; sleep dynamic therapy; self-exposure therapy; and systematic desensitization. […] Prazosin is the best researched and most widely prescribed drug for treating nightmares in the practice of sleep medicine. […] Image rehearsal therapy (IRT) is a cognitive behavioral therapy technique that is designed to displace the content of a nightmare. […] Exposure, relaxation and rescripting therapy (ERRT) is a modified form of Image rehearsal therapy and does not have as much research backing as IRT. […] Less research has been done on lucid dreaming therapy than IRT or ERRT.

• #34 Management of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-nightmare-disorder-in-adults

  Occasional nightmares are fairly common, but nightmare disorder occurs in 2% to 6% of adults. […] Behavioral intervention with imagery-rehearsal therapy is currently the only treatment strategy recommended for all patients with recurrent nightmares. […] The only treatment strategy with enough evidence to be recommended in the AASM’s position paper is behavioral intervention with imagery-rehearsal therapy (IRT). […] Additional treatments that may be used for both PTSD-associated nightmares and nightmare disorder include cognitive behavioral therapy and exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapies. […] Although no pharmacologic agent is recommended in the position paper, many of the medications discussed are designated may be used. […] Prazosin remains the drug of choice and is the only one indicated for both nightmare types.

• #35 Nightmare Disorder: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24464-nightmare-disorder

  Medications that can help treat PTSD-associated nightmare disorder include: Olanzapine, Risperidone, Aripiprazole, Clonidine, Cyproheptadine, Fluvoxamine, Gabapentin, Nabilone, Phenelzine, Prazosin, Topiramate, Trazodone, Tricyclic antidepressants. […] Medications that can help treat nightmare disorder that’s not associated with PTSD include: Prazosin, Triazolam. […] The good news is that it’s treatable. Different talk therapies and medications can help. See a healthcare provider if nightmares are interfering with your life.

• #36 Management of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-nightmare-disorder-in-adults

  The 2010 AASM best-practice guide recommended prazosin for nightmare disorder; however, the current position paper has downgraded its classification to may be used based on a recent publication that did not find a statistical difference versus placebo. […] In small studies, aripiprazole, olanzapine, and risperidone have been evaluated as adjunctive treatments for PTSD, and all of these agents have demonstrated some benefit for the associated nightmares. […] Nitrazepam and triazolam were assessed in a single 3-day trial in which patients with disturbed sleep (nightmare type was not identified) reported a decrease in unpleasant dreams. […] The two studies of clonidine conducted in PTSD patients had positive results; however, there were only 13 participants. […] A single retrospective study of gabapentin in patients with PTSD showed a marked or moderate improvement in sleep, as well as a decreased frequency or intensity of nightmares.

• #37 Management of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-nightmare-disorder-in-adults

  The 2010 AASM best-practice guide recommended prazosin for nightmare disorder; however, the current position paper has downgraded its classification to may be used based on a recent publication that did not find a statistical difference versus placebo. […] In small studies, aripiprazole, olanzapine, and risperidone have been evaluated as adjunctive treatments for PTSD, and all of these agents have demonstrated some benefit for the associated nightmares. […] Nitrazepam and triazolam were assessed in a single 3-day trial in which patients with disturbed sleep (nightmare type was not identified) reported a decrease in unpleasant dreams. […] The two studies of clonidine conducted in PTSD patients had positive results; however, there were only 13 participants. […] A single retrospective study of gabapentin in patients with PTSD showed a marked or moderate improvement in sleep, as well as a decreased frequency or intensity of nightmares.

• #38 Nightmare Disorder Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914428-treatment

  Reassurance and conservative management is the only treatment required for sporadic nightmares. […] Several different cognitive-behavioral methods have been reported to be effective in treating nightmares in children. […] Hypnosis has been reported to be effective in treating nightmares and other parasomnias in children and adults. […] In adults with PTSD-associated nightmares, image rehearsal therapy is recommended. Other treatments that may be considered for PTSD-associated nightmares include cognitive behavioral therapy; eye movement desensitization and reprocessing; exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy; the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine, risperidone, and aripiprazole; clonidine; cyproheptadine; fluvoxamine; gabapentin; nabilone; phenelzine; prazosin; topiramate; trazodone; and tricyclic antidepressants.

• #39 Management of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-nightmare-disorder-in-adults

  The 2010 AASM best-practice guide recommended prazosin for nightmare disorder; however, the current position paper has downgraded its classification to may be used based on a recent publication that did not find a statistical difference versus placebo. […] In small studies, aripiprazole, olanzapine, and risperidone have been evaluated as adjunctive treatments for PTSD, and all of these agents have demonstrated some benefit for the associated nightmares. […] Nitrazepam and triazolam were assessed in a single 3-day trial in which patients with disturbed sleep (nightmare type was not identified) reported a decrease in unpleasant dreams. […] The two studies of clonidine conducted in PTSD patients had positive results; however, there were only 13 participants. […] A single retrospective study of gabapentin in patients with PTSD showed a marked or moderate improvement in sleep, as well as a decreased frequency or intensity of nightmares.

• #40 Nightmare Disorder Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914428-treatment

  Reassurance and conservative management is the only treatment required for sporadic nightmares. […] Several different cognitive-behavioral methods have been reported to be effective in treating nightmares in children. […] Hypnosis has been reported to be effective in treating nightmares and other parasomnias in children and adults. […] In adults with PTSD-associated nightmares, image rehearsal therapy is recommended. Other treatments that may be considered for PTSD-associated nightmares include cognitive behavioral therapy; eye movement desensitization and reprocessing; exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy; the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine, risperidone, and aripiprazole; clonidine; cyproheptadine; fluvoxamine; gabapentin; nabilone; phenelzine; prazosin; topiramate; trazodone; and tricyclic antidepressants.

• #41 Management of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-nightmare-disorder-in-adults

  In a single open-label study, the majority of PTSD patients receiving nabilone experienced cessation of nightmares or a significant reduction in nightmare intensity. […] Two studies of phenelzine in PTSD patients indicated a benefit. […] Of these agents, only fluvoxamine is designated may be used. […] Despite positive results in several studies of PTSD-associated nightmares, topiramate use may be limited because of adverse effects. […] The only study to evaluate trazodone found it to be effective, but 19% of patients were unable to maintain an effective dose, and many experienced at least one side effect. […] One small case series in patients with PTSD suggested beneficial effects; however, findings were limited because TCA treatment was varied. […] Pharmacist awareness of nightmare disorder is becoming increasingly important.

• #42 Management of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-nightmare-disorder-in-adults

  In a single open-label study, the majority of PTSD patients receiving nabilone experienced cessation of nightmares or a significant reduction in nightmare intensity. […] Two studies of phenelzine in PTSD patients indicated a benefit. […] Of these agents, only fluvoxamine is designated may be used. […] Despite positive results in several studies of PTSD-associated nightmares, topiramate use may be limited because of adverse effects. […] The only study to evaluate trazodone found it to be effective, but 19% of patients were unable to maintain an effective dose, and many experienced at least one side effect. […] One small case series in patients with PTSD suggested beneficial effects; however, findings were limited because TCA treatment was varied. […] Pharmacist awareness of nightmare disorder is becoming increasingly important.

• #43 Management of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-nightmare-disorder-in-adults

  In a single open-label study, the majority of PTSD patients receiving nabilone experienced cessation of nightmares or a significant reduction in nightmare intensity. […] Two studies of phenelzine in PTSD patients indicated a benefit. […] Of these agents, only fluvoxamine is designated may be used. […] Despite positive results in several studies of PTSD-associated nightmares, topiramate use may be limited because of adverse effects. […] The only study to evaluate trazodone found it to be effective, but 19% of patients were unable to maintain an effective dose, and many experienced at least one side effect. […] One small case series in patients with PTSD suggested beneficial effects; however, findings were limited because TCA treatment was varied. […] Pharmacist awareness of nightmare disorder is becoming increasingly important.

• #44 Management of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-nightmare-disorder-in-adults

  In a single open-label study, the majority of PTSD patients receiving nabilone experienced cessation of nightmares or a significant reduction in nightmare intensity. […] Two studies of phenelzine in PTSD patients indicated a benefit. […] Of these agents, only fluvoxamine is designated may be used. […] Despite positive results in several studies of PTSD-associated nightmares, topiramate use may be limited because of adverse effects. […] The only study to evaluate trazodone found it to be effective, but 19% of patients were unable to maintain an effective dose, and many experienced at least one side effect. […] One small case series in patients with PTSD suggested beneficial effects; however, findings were limited because TCA treatment was varied. […] Pharmacist awareness of nightmare disorder is becoming increasingly important.

• #45 Management of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-nightmare-disorder-in-adults

  In a single open-label study, the majority of PTSD patients receiving nabilone experienced cessation of nightmares or a significant reduction in nightmare intensity. […] Two studies of phenelzine in PTSD patients indicated a benefit. […] Of these agents, only fluvoxamine is designated may be used. […] Despite positive results in several studies of PTSD-associated nightmares, topiramate use may be limited because of adverse effects. […] The only study to evaluate trazodone found it to be effective, but 19% of patients were unable to maintain an effective dose, and many experienced at least one side effect. […] One small case series in patients with PTSD suggested beneficial effects; however, findings were limited because TCA treatment was varied. […] Pharmacist awareness of nightmare disorder is becoming increasingly important.

• #46 Management of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-nightmare-disorder-in-adults

  In a single open-label study, the majority of PTSD patients receiving nabilone experienced cessation of nightmares or a significant reduction in nightmare intensity. […] Two studies of phenelzine in PTSD patients indicated a benefit. […] Of these agents, only fluvoxamine is designated may be used. […] Despite positive results in several studies of PTSD-associated nightmares, topiramate use may be limited because of adverse effects. […] The only study to evaluate trazodone found it to be effective, but 19% of patients were unable to maintain an effective dose, and many experienced at least one side effect. […] One small case series in patients with PTSD suggested beneficial effects; however, findings were limited because TCA treatment was varied. […] Pharmacist awareness of nightmare disorder is becoming increasingly important.

• #47 Management of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-nightmare-disorder-in-adults

  In a single open-label study, the majority of PTSD patients receiving nabilone experienced cessation of nightmares or a significant reduction in nightmare intensity. […] Two studies of phenelzine in PTSD patients indicated a benefit. […] Of these agents, only fluvoxamine is designated may be used. […] Despite positive results in several studies of PTSD-associated nightmares, topiramate use may be limited because of adverse effects. […] The only study to evaluate trazodone found it to be effective, but 19% of patients were unable to maintain an effective dose, and many experienced at least one side effect. […] One small case series in patients with PTSD suggested beneficial effects; however, findings were limited because TCA treatment was varied. […] Pharmacist awareness of nightmare disorder is becoming increasingly important.

• #48 Nightmare Disorder: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24464-nightmare-disorder

  Medications that can help treat PTSD-associated nightmare disorder include: Olanzapine, Risperidone, Aripiprazole, Clonidine, Cyproheptadine, Fluvoxamine, Gabapentin, Nabilone, Phenelzine, Prazosin, Topiramate, Trazodone, Tricyclic antidepressants. […] Medications that can help treat nightmare disorder that’s not associated with PTSD include: Prazosin, Triazolam. […] The good news is that it’s treatable. Different talk therapies and medications can help. See a healthcare provider if nightmares are interfering with your life.

• #49 Management of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-nightmare-disorder-in-adults

  The 2010 AASM best-practice guide recommended prazosin for nightmare disorder; however, the current position paper has downgraded its classification to may be used based on a recent publication that did not find a statistical difference versus placebo. […] In small studies, aripiprazole, olanzapine, and risperidone have been evaluated as adjunctive treatments for PTSD, and all of these agents have demonstrated some benefit for the associated nightmares. […] Nitrazepam and triazolam were assessed in a single 3-day trial in which patients with disturbed sleep (nightmare type was not identified) reported a decrease in unpleasant dreams. […] The two studies of clonidine conducted in PTSD patients had positive results; however, there were only 13 participants. […] A single retrospective study of gabapentin in patients with PTSD showed a marked or moderate improvement in sleep, as well as a decreased frequency or intensity of nightmares.

• #50 Management of Nightmare Disorder in Adults

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-nightmare-disorder-in-adults

  The 2010 AASM best-practice guide recommended prazosin for nightmare disorder; however, the current position paper has downgraded its classification to may be used based on a recent publication that did not find a statistical difference versus placebo. […] In small studies, aripiprazole, olanzapine, and risperidone have been evaluated as adjunctive treatments for PTSD, and all of these agents have demonstrated some benefit for the associated nightmares. […] Nitrazepam and triazolam were assessed in a single 3-day trial in which patients with disturbed sleep (nightmare type was not identified) reported a decrease in unpleasant dreams. […] The two studies of clonidine conducted in PTSD patients had positive results; however, there were only 13 participants. […] A single retrospective study of gabapentin in patients with PTSD showed a marked or moderate improvement in sleep, as well as a decreased frequency or intensity of nightmares.

• #51 Nightmare Disorder Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914428-treatment

  In adults with nightmare disorder, the following treatments may be considered: cognitive behavioral therapy; exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy; hypnosis; lucid dreaming therapy; progressive deep muscle relaxation; sleep dynamic therapy; self-exposure therapy; systematic desensitization; testimony method; nitrazepam; prazosin; and triazolam. […] Clonazepam and venlafaxine are not recommended for the treatment of nightmare disorder in adults. […] Psychiatric intervention may be warranted for various therapies. […] Psychological evaluation is indicated for patients whose nightmares occur more than twice a week over a period of several months or when the nightmares are of great severity.

• #52 AASM releases New guidance on management of nightmare disorder

  https://speciality.medicaldialogues.in/aasm-releases-new-guidance-on-management-of-nightmare-disorder

  Clonazepam and venlafaxine are not recommended to treat nightmare disorder. […] The ultimate judgment regarding the propriety of any specific care must be made by the clinician, in light of the individual circumstances presented by the patient, accessible treatment options, and resources. […] The task force also identified a need for more randomized controlled trials and well-designed comparative efficacy trials to allow for further evaluation of treatments for nightmare disorder.

• #53 Nightmare Disorder Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914428-treatment

  In adults with nightmare disorder, the following treatments may be considered: cognitive behavioral therapy; exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy; hypnosis; lucid dreaming therapy; progressive deep muscle relaxation; sleep dynamic therapy; self-exposure therapy; systematic desensitization; testimony method; nitrazepam; prazosin; and triazolam. […] Clonazepam and venlafaxine are not recommended for the treatment of nightmare disorder in adults. […] Psychiatric intervention may be warranted for various therapies. […] Psychological evaluation is indicated for patients whose nightmares occur more than twice a week over a period of several months or when the nightmares are of great severity.

• #54 AASM releases New guidance on management of nightmare disorder

  https://speciality.medicaldialogues.in/aasm-releases-new-guidance-on-management-of-nightmare-disorder

  Clonazepam and venlafaxine are not recommended to treat nightmare disorder. […] The ultimate judgment regarding the propriety of any specific care must be made by the clinician, in light of the individual circumstances presented by the patient, accessible treatment options, and resources. […] The task force also identified a need for more randomized controlled trials and well-designed comparative efficacy trials to allow for further evaluation of treatments for nightmare disorder.

• #55 Nightmare Disorder Treatment | The Better Sleep Clinic

  https://thebettersleepclinic.com/services/nightmare-disorder-treatment

  Often our sleep specialists are able to identify any medications that you may be taking that can contribute to nightmares and also advise on those that may be able to assist in your situation. […] Our personalized treatment plans are carefully tailored to address your specific challenges and goals, ensuring that you receive the most effective care. […] We take a holistic view of sleep health, considering all aspects of your lifestyle and mental well-being. Our comprehensive assessments and integrated sleep and mental health care approach ensures that we address the root causes of your nightmares. […] Utilizing the findings from the assessment, we develop a tailored approach that integrates various treatment options to effectively address your needs. […] We provide a session-by-session framework with support and the option for regular check-ins to facilitate learning and skill development.

• #56 Nightmare Disorder Treatment | The Better Sleep Clinic

  https://thebettersleepclinic.com/services/nightmare-disorder-treatment

  Our thorough assessment process provides an in-depth understanding of your nightmare patterns, any medications or substances that may need adjustment, co-existing mental health concerns, and other potential sleep disorders. This ensures you receive targeted treatment tailored to your specific challenges […] We offer a comprehensive, multi-faceted treatment approach, guided by the latest research to help you understand your sleep, potential contributors to nightmares, and how to manage and overcome nightmares. […] Because nightmares take a huge mental health toll, and frequently occur with PTSD, psychologists with an understanding of both sleep and mental health are ideal to support and guide at every stage of your journey. […] Consulting a sleep specialist can provide you with the necessary tools and strategies to manage and reduce the impact of nightmares on your life.

• #57 Nightmare Disorder: What Causes It and How Do You Manage It?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/nightmare-disorder

  IRT is just one treatment option available for nightmare disorder. Other techniques suggested by the AASM include: CBT, exposure, relaxation, and re-scripting therapy, hypnosis, lucid dreaming therapy, progressive deep muscle relaxation, sleep dynamic therapy, self-exposure, systematic desensitization, testimony method. […] A sleep doctor may also prescribe anti-anxiety medications such as nitrazepam, prazosin, triazolam. […] Treatment for nightmare disorder can vary depending on your experiences and any co-existing conditions. If you also live with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), for example, your management plan may involve additional therapies and medications. […] Speaking with a doctor or a sleep specialist can help you explore management strategies that reduce the frequency and severity of nightmares. These may include image rehearsal therapy, lucid dreaming therapy, and medication. […] Although experts aren’t clear on the underlying causes of nightmare disorder, behavioral interventions, psychotherapy, and medications can help you successfully manage symptoms.

• #58 Nightmare Disorder Treatment | The Better Sleep Clinic

  https://thebettersleepclinic.com/services/nightmare-disorder-treatment

  Often our sleep specialists are able to identify any medications that you may be taking that can contribute to nightmares and also advise on those that may be able to assist in your situation. […] Our personalized treatment plans are carefully tailored to address your specific challenges and goals, ensuring that you receive the most effective care. […] We take a holistic view of sleep health, considering all aspects of your lifestyle and mental well-being. Our comprehensive assessments and integrated sleep and mental health care approach ensures that we address the root causes of your nightmares. […] Utilizing the findings from the assessment, we develop a tailored approach that integrates various treatment options to effectively address your needs. […] We provide a session-by-session framework with support and the option for regular check-ins to facilitate learning and skill development.

• #59 Nightmare Disorder Treatment | The Better Sleep Clinic

  https://thebettersleepclinic.com/services/nightmare-disorder-treatment

  Our goal is to reduce the frequency and intensity of nightmares and improve your overall quality of sleep. Treatment options include: […] Imagery Rehearsal Therapy is a cognitive-behavioral treatment specifically designed for recurrent nightmares. […] This multifaceted approach combines exposure therapy with relaxation techniques and rescripting of nightmare content to confront and reduce nightmares. […] EMDR is a therapy initially developed for trauma-related conditions such as PTSD but has been adapted for nightmares. […] While not specifically a nightmare disorder treatment, CBT for insomnia can be thought of as a general sleep therapy that improves sleep quality, addresses sleep-related behaviours that can promote nightmares by interfering with sleep consistency and quality, and deals with thought patterns that can perpetuate sleep anxiety and worsen nightmares.

• #60 Nightmare Disorder: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://thriveworks.com/help-with/sleep/nightmare-disorder/

  There is currently no cure for nightmare disorder. However, this doesn’t mean it has to be a lifelong condition. There are many actions you can take to avoid or prevent symptoms. […] Typically, treating nightmare disorder involves significant mindfulness training, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and even dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). If you’re able to develop a strong set of coping skills, you’ll be able to better process the stress that nightmares cause. Additionally, engaging in mindfulness training will allow you to create a nighttime routine that can lower psychological and physiological stress levels. […] Imagery rehearsal therapy, or IRT, is another recommended treatment for nightmare disorder. This type of therapy works to change the ending of a remembered threat or nightmare while awake, in order to remove the threat. When nightmares occur, you’d reimagine the ending of your dream to make it positive, write it down, and rehearse the newly constructed dream to dispel the negative feelings caused by the nightmare.

• #61 Adult Nightmares: Causes and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/nightmares-in-adults

  Treatments for Nightmares in Adults […] Fortunately, there are steps you and your doctor can take to lessen the frequency of your nightmares and the effect they are having on your life. First, if your nightmares are the result of a particular medication, you may be able to change your dosage or prescription to eliminate this unwanted side effect. […] For people whose nightmares are caused by conditions such as sleep apnea or restless legs syndrome, treating the underlying disorder may help alleviate symptoms. […] If your nightmares aren’t illness- or medication-related, don’t despair. Behavioral changes have proven effective for 70% of adults who suffer from nightmares, including those caused by anxiety, depression, and PTSD. […] Imagery rehearsal treatment is a promising cognitive behavioral therapy for recurrent nightmares and nightmares caused by PTSD. The technique helps chronic sufferers change their nightmares by rehearsing how they would like them to transpire. In some cases, medications may be used in conjunction with therapy to treat PTSD-related nightmares, though their efficacy has not been demonstrated as clearly as that of imagery rehearsal treatment. […] There are a number of other steps you can take on your own that may help reduce your nightmare frequency. Keeping a regular wake-sleep schedule is important. So is engaging in regular exercise, which will help alleviate nightmare-causing anxiety and stress. You may find that yoga and meditation are also helpful. […] Remember to practice good sleep hygiene, which will help prevent the sleep deprivation that can bring on nightmares in adults. Make your bedroom a relaxing, tranquil place that is reserved for sleep and sex, so that you don’t associate it with stressful activities. Also, be cautious about the use of alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine, which can remain in your system for more than 12 hours and often disrupt sleep patterns.

• #62 Nightmare Disorder: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://thriveworks.com/help-with/sleep/nightmare-disorder/

  Mindfulness training and therapies and CBT are evidence-based treatments that can be effective tools in eradicating nightmares in adults. […] Mindfulness training focuses on being in touch with the body and being able to be fully present, which increases your internal locus of control. CBT increases a client’s toolkit of coping strategies it enables them to identify, challenge, and replace thought patterns that are not based in reality and that are potentially harmful. By increasing your self-efficacy during the daytime with a large selection of coping skills, you can make significant improvements to your sleep patterns and habits. […] As mentioned before, mindfulness and meditative practices can be significantly helpful for nightmares, which serve as natural remedies. Also, some herbal remedies and teas have a correlational effect on improved sleeping patterns and habits.

• #63 Aetiology and treatment of nightmare disorder: State of the art and future perspectives

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6850667/

  Lucid dreaming therapy takes a notably different approach, focusing on enabling individuals to influence their dreams directly while dreaming. […] Another aspect seldom targeted in theory and practice is the holding of maladaptive beliefs. […] Regarding the specific pharmacological treatment of nightmares, most trials have made use of prazosin, a CNS active alpha1 adrenoreceptor antagonist. […] Up to 67% of patients diagnosed with PTSD reexperience intrusive trauma memories in the form of distressing dreams. […] IRT is a powerful strategy for the treatment of nightmares in PTSD patients. […] IRT had moderate effects on nightmare frequency and nightmare distress when used as an addon treatment in outpatients with diverse mental disorders. […] Refugees are another population that often suffers from diverse mental disorders, including recurrent nightmares.

• #64 Aetiology and treatment of nightmare disorder: State of the art and future perspectives

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6850667/

  Lucid dreaming therapy takes a notably different approach, focusing on enabling individuals to influence their dreams directly while dreaming. […] Another aspect seldom targeted in theory and practice is the holding of maladaptive beliefs. […] Regarding the specific pharmacological treatment of nightmares, most trials have made use of prazosin, a CNS active alpha1 adrenoreceptor antagonist. […] Up to 67% of patients diagnosed with PTSD reexperience intrusive trauma memories in the form of distressing dreams. […] IRT is a powerful strategy for the treatment of nightmares in PTSD patients. […] IRT had moderate effects on nightmare frequency and nightmare distress when used as an addon treatment in outpatients with diverse mental disorders. […] Refugees are another population that often suffers from diverse mental disorders, including recurrent nightmares.

• #65 Nightmare Disorder: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://psychcentral.com/disorders/nightmare-disorder-symptoms

  Nightmare disorder can be treated in a number of ways to help reduce the occurrences of disturbing dreams. […] Imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) is recommended by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) for the treatment of nightmare disorders. […] A 2018 position paper from AASM states that the following techniques can be used to treat this condition: CBT, exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy (ERRT), hypnosis, lucid dreaming therapy, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), sleep dynamic therapy (SDT), self-exposure therapy, systematic desensitization, testimony method. […] If you know PTSD is the cause of your nightmare disorder, AASM suggests considering eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. […] To treat nightmare disorder, AASM recommends the following medications: nitrazepam, prazosin (Minipress), triazolam.

• #66 Treating Nightmare Disorder | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/sleepless-in-america/201812/treating-nightmare-disorder

  Several effective treatments are available to treat nightmares. […] Successful treatment of Nightmare Disorder has been associated with improved quality of sleep, decreased fatigue, decreased daytime drowsiness, feeling more rested upon awakening, and decreased insomnia. […] The most recent recommendations focus on the treatment of nightmares that are associated with PTSD, and nightmares when they constitute a separate disorder. For treatment of nightmares associated with PTSD, some evidence was found for the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy; cognitive behavioral therapy of insomnia; EMDR; image rehearsal therapy; and exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy. […] Numerous medications have been used in the treatment of nightmares associated with PTSD including olanzapine, risperidone, clonidine, fluvoxamine, gabapentin, prazosin, trazodone; and tricyclic antidepressants as well as several other agents.

• #67 Treating Nightmare Disorder | Psychology Today South Africa

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/za/blog/sleepless-in-america/201812/treating-nightmare-disorder

  Prazosin is the best researched and most widely prescribed drug for treating nightmares in the practice of sleep medicine. […] Image rehearsal therapy (IRT) is a cognitive behavioral therapy technique that is designed to displace the content of a nightmare. […] Studies cited by (Morgenthaler et al, 2018) indicate that this method can be effective for a majority of patients and can significantly reduce the frequency of nightmares and the effect appears to be long lasting. […] Exposure, relaxation and rescripting therapy (ERRT) is a modified form of Image rehearsal therapy and does not have as much research backing as IRT. […] This treatment targets the anxiety associated with the nightmares and uses psychoeducation, sleep hygiene, and progressive muscle relaxation techniques. […] Less research has been done on lucid dreaming therapy than IRT or ERRT. […] This therapy shows promise in reducing or eliminating nightmares. […] These therapies, primarily psychological and behavioral in nature, offer hope that Nightmare Disorder and the nightmares associated with PTSD can be treated. […] One or more of these treatments may work for you.

• #68 Nightmare Disorder Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914428-treatment

  Reassurance and conservative management is the only treatment required for sporadic nightmares. […] Several different cognitive-behavioral methods have been reported to be effective in treating nightmares in children. […] Hypnosis has been reported to be effective in treating nightmares and other parasomnias in children and adults. […] In adults with PTSD-associated nightmares, image rehearsal therapy is recommended. Other treatments that may be considered for PTSD-associated nightmares include cognitive behavioral therapy; eye movement desensitization and reprocessing; exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy; the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine, risperidone, and aripiprazole; clonidine; cyproheptadine; fluvoxamine; gabapentin; nabilone; phenelzine; prazosin; topiramate; trazodone; and tricyclic antidepressants.

• #69 Aetiology and treatment of nightmare disorder: State of the art and future perspectives

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6850667/

  Lucid dreaming therapy takes a notably different approach, focusing on enabling individuals to influence their dreams directly while dreaming. […] Another aspect seldom targeted in theory and practice is the holding of maladaptive beliefs. […] Regarding the specific pharmacological treatment of nightmares, most trials have made use of prazosin, a CNS active alpha1 adrenoreceptor antagonist. […] Up to 67% of patients diagnosed with PTSD reexperience intrusive trauma memories in the form of distressing dreams. […] IRT is a powerful strategy for the treatment of nightmares in PTSD patients. […] IRT had moderate effects on nightmare frequency and nightmare distress when used as an addon treatment in outpatients with diverse mental disorders. […] Refugees are another population that often suffers from diverse mental disorders, including recurrent nightmares.

• #70 Aetiology and treatment of nightmare disorder: State of the art and future perspectives

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6850667/

  Nightmares and other parasomnias are frequently reported in children and adolescents. […] Despite the fact that up to 70% of patients in psychiatric samples suffer from recurrent nightmares, nightmare screenings and treatments remain rare, even in sleep centres. […] Thus, one major focus in future research should be on understanding these diagnostic shortcomings and how to overcome them.

• #71 Aetiology and treatment of nightmare disorder: State of the art and future perspectives

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6850667/

  Nightmares and other parasomnias are frequently reported in children and adolescents. […] Despite the fact that up to 70% of patients in psychiatric samples suffer from recurrent nightmares, nightmare screenings and treatments remain rare, even in sleep centres. […] Thus, one major focus in future research should be on understanding these diagnostic shortcomings and how to overcome them.

• #72 Nightmare Disorder in Children and Adolescents

  https://www.mindyra.com/solutions/child/nightmare

  How is Nightmare Disorder Treated? […] Little clinical research has investigated the treatment of nightmare disorder in children and adolescents. Nevertheless, clinical guidelines suggest that the following strategies may be helpful: […] Imagery rehearsal therapy, in which the child repeatedly imagines the nightmare ending a different way, has shown some modest evidence of efficacy in an open trial. […] Behavioral strategies, including maintaining good sleep hygiene, avoiding scary movies, and following a relaxing bedtime routine are recommended. […] Parental behavioral interventions, including soothing the child following a nightmare, are also recommended. […] Additionally, there are case reports of successful use of prazosin, an alpha-one blocker, to treat nightmares in adolescents. However, controlled trials supporting the use of this and other medications in younger patients are lacking.

• #73 Nightmare Disorder in Children and Adolescents

  https://www.mindyra.com/solutions/child/nightmare

  How is Nightmare Disorder Treated? […] Little clinical research has investigated the treatment of nightmare disorder in children and adolescents. Nevertheless, clinical guidelines suggest that the following strategies may be helpful: […] Imagery rehearsal therapy, in which the child repeatedly imagines the nightmare ending a different way, has shown some modest evidence of efficacy in an open trial. […] Behavioral strategies, including maintaining good sleep hygiene, avoiding scary movies, and following a relaxing bedtime routine are recommended. […] Parental behavioral interventions, including soothing the child following a nightmare, are also recommended. […] Additionally, there are case reports of successful use of prazosin, an alpha-one blocker, to treat nightmares in adolescents. However, controlled trials supporting the use of this and other medications in younger patients are lacking.

• #74 Nightmare Disorder in Children and Adolescents

  https://www.mindyra.com/solutions/child/nightmare

  How is Nightmare Disorder Treated? […] Little clinical research has investigated the treatment of nightmare disorder in children and adolescents. Nevertheless, clinical guidelines suggest that the following strategies may be helpful: […] Imagery rehearsal therapy, in which the child repeatedly imagines the nightmare ending a different way, has shown some modest evidence of efficacy in an open trial. […] Behavioral strategies, including maintaining good sleep hygiene, avoiding scary movies, and following a relaxing bedtime routine are recommended. […] Parental behavioral interventions, including soothing the child following a nightmare, are also recommended. […] Additionally, there are case reports of successful use of prazosin, an alpha-one blocker, to treat nightmares in adolescents. However, controlled trials supporting the use of this and other medications in younger patients are lacking.

• #75 Nightmare Disorder in Children and Adolescents

  https://www.mindyra.com/solutions/child/nightmare

  How is Nightmare Disorder Treated? […] Little clinical research has investigated the treatment of nightmare disorder in children and adolescents. Nevertheless, clinical guidelines suggest that the following strategies may be helpful: […] Imagery rehearsal therapy, in which the child repeatedly imagines the nightmare ending a different way, has shown some modest evidence of efficacy in an open trial. […] Behavioral strategies, including maintaining good sleep hygiene, avoiding scary movies, and following a relaxing bedtime routine are recommended. […] Parental behavioral interventions, including soothing the child following a nightmare, are also recommended. […] Additionally, there are case reports of successful use of prazosin, an alpha-one blocker, to treat nightmares in adolescents. However, controlled trials supporting the use of this and other medications in younger patients are lacking.

• #76 Treating Nightmare Disorder | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/sleepless-in-america/201812/treating-nightmare-disorder

  Several effective treatments are available to treat nightmares. […] Successful treatment of Nightmare Disorder has been associated with improved quality of sleep, decreased fatigue, decreased daytime drowsiness, feeling more rested upon awakening, and decreased insomnia. […] The most recent recommendations focus on the treatment of nightmares that are associated with PTSD, and nightmares when they constitute a separate disorder. For treatment of nightmares associated with PTSD, some evidence was found for the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy; cognitive behavioral therapy of insomnia; EMDR; image rehearsal therapy; and exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy. […] Numerous medications have been used in the treatment of nightmares associated with PTSD including olanzapine, risperidone, clonidine, fluvoxamine, gabapentin, prazosin, trazodone; and tricyclic antidepressants as well as several other agents.

• #77 Treating nightmare disorder in adults – Sleep Education

  https://sleepeducation.org/treating-nightmare-disorder-adults/

  Treating nightmare disorder in adults. […] Fortunately, there are treatments for nightmare disorder in adults. […] The position paper reports that image rehearsal therapy is useful for the treatment of nightmare disorder and nightmares associated with PTSD. […] The AASM task force found that various methods may be used for treating nightmare disorders, including cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnosis, and some prescription medications. […] If you are struggling with nightmares, talk with a doctor, who may refer you to an accredited sleep center. Effectively treating nightmare disorder can improve your sleep quality and help you feel more alert and less sleepy.

• #78 Chronic Nightmares: Therapy and Other Control Methods May Help

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/features/when-nightmares-wont-go-away

  „Studies show that 70% to 80% of people who try IRT get significant relief,” says Barry Krakow, MD, director of the Maimonides International Nightmare Treatment Center in Albuquerque, N.M. […] IRT is surprisingly easy to learn and to use. The basic technique can often be mastered in a few hours; once learned, it’s used for only a few minutes a day for a matter of days or weeks. […] As described by Krakow and Harris, IRT is a three-step process: 1. Jot down a brief description of a recent nightmare. If your most recent nightmare is too upsetting to think about, pick another. 2. Think of a way to change the nightmare. Krakow declines to tell his patients what sort of change to make, encouraging them to rely on their intuition to make an appropriate change. 3. Set aside a few minutes each day to imagine this altered version of the nightmare. Simply paint a mental picture of the altered version. […] „Just learning that there was something I could do about my nightmares really helped a lot,” Levy says. „Getting help changed things for me significantly. I’m more rested and happier, and I’m able to be more active during the day.”

• #79

  https://www.behavioralsleep.org/index.php/sbsm/about-adult-sleep-disorders/nightmares

  Most nightmare sufferers cannot imagine that their nightmares are a treatable problem, resulting in few people actively seeking treatment for them. […] IRT is an evidence-based, non-drug approach to nightmare treatment. […] Research has shown that IRT is effective with a wide range of patients, from those who suffer from distressing dreams on a regular basis to those who have nightmares related to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). […] IRT has been shown to help here as well. […] Clinical studies have shown IRT is effective for the treatment of nightmares. […] Some patients report improved daytime mood and functioning as a result of successful treatment of their nightmare disorder. […] On average 3-4 sessions are usually required for many people to begin seeing improvement in nightmare frequency and distress.

• #80 Virtual reality therapy for nightmare disorder – Center for Mind and Culture

  https://mindandculture.org/virtual-reality-therapy-for-nightmare-disorder/

  The gold standard treatment for reducing the distress associated with recurrent nightmares is Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (IRT). […] However, virtual reality technology has opened the door for people to practice IRT in a more tailored and controlled environment. […] The results, published in the journal Dreaming, suggested that ReScript use reduces anxiety, lessens nightmare distress, and produces less daytime nightmare effects for users suffering from nightmare disorder. […] ReScript therapy works because it increases a subjects sense of control over these sorts of images. CMAC hopes to use the DDM to develop personalized treatment alternatives for individuals suffering from nightmare disorder. […] We hope to use this neurocomputational model of nightmares in the future to customize ReScript treatments to each patient according to their individual sensitivity to different image characteristics. […] We approach nightmare disorder holistically, seeking to understand the underlying causes and mental mechanisms that cause nightmares and to develop practical therapies and diagnostic methods for people who struggle with chronic nightmares.

• #81

  https://medium.com/@mindandculture/virtual-reality-therapy-for-nightmare-disorder-18ce6f724c90

  At the Center for Mind and Culture (CMAC), we are utilizing a computational neuroscience approach to deepen our understanding of the function of dreams and nightmares in human cognition. We hope to develop novel therapies for nightmare disorder. […] The gold standard treatment for reducing the distress associated with recurrent nightmares is Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (IRT). IRT is also the basis for our virtual reality therapy. […] However, virtual reality technology has opened the door for people to practice IRT in a more tailored and controlled environment. […] Led by CMAC co-founder and neuroscientist Dr. Patrick McNamara, our ReScript team uses Oculus Rift VR technology to combat nightmare disorder. […] The results, published in the journal Dreaming, suggested that ReScript use reduces anxiety, lessens nightmare distress, and produces less daytime nightmare effects for users suffering from nightmare disorder.

• #82 Virtual reality therapy for nightmare disorder – Center for Mind and Culture

  https://mindandculture.org/virtual-reality-therapy-for-nightmare-disorder/

  The gold standard treatment for reducing the distress associated with recurrent nightmares is Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (IRT). […] However, virtual reality technology has opened the door for people to practice IRT in a more tailored and controlled environment. […] The results, published in the journal Dreaming, suggested that ReScript use reduces anxiety, lessens nightmare distress, and produces less daytime nightmare effects for users suffering from nightmare disorder. […] ReScript therapy works because it increases a subjects sense of control over these sorts of images. CMAC hopes to use the DDM to develop personalized treatment alternatives for individuals suffering from nightmare disorder. […] We hope to use this neurocomputational model of nightmares in the future to customize ReScript treatments to each patient according to their individual sensitivity to different image characteristics. […] We approach nightmare disorder holistically, seeking to understand the underlying causes and mental mechanisms that cause nightmares and to develop practical therapies and diagnostic methods for people who struggle with chronic nightmares.

• #83

  https://medium.com/@mindandculture/virtual-reality-therapy-for-nightmare-disorder-18ce6f724c90

  At the Center for Mind and Culture (CMAC), we are utilizing a computational neuroscience approach to deepen our understanding of the function of dreams and nightmares in human cognition. We hope to develop novel therapies for nightmare disorder. […] The gold standard treatment for reducing the distress associated with recurrent nightmares is Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (IRT). IRT is also the basis for our virtual reality therapy. […] However, virtual reality technology has opened the door for people to practice IRT in a more tailored and controlled environment. […] Led by CMAC co-founder and neuroscientist Dr. Patrick McNamara, our ReScript team uses Oculus Rift VR technology to combat nightmare disorder. […] The results, published in the journal Dreaming, suggested that ReScript use reduces anxiety, lessens nightmare distress, and produces less daytime nightmare effects for users suffering from nightmare disorder.

• #84

  https://medium.com/@mindandculture/virtual-reality-therapy-for-nightmare-disorder-18ce6f724c90

  ReScript therapy harmonizes with recent research on nightmares that suggests that feelings of control and mastery are key to combating nightmare disorder. […] ReScript therapy works because it increases a subjects sense of control over these sorts of images. CMAC hopes to use the DDM to develop personalized treatment alternatives for individuals suffering from nightmare disorder. […] We designed the treatment so that it can be adjusted and individualized, McNamara assures. We hope to use this neurocomputational model of nightmares in the future to customize ReScript treatments to each patient according to their individual sensitivity to different image characteristics. […] Virtual Reality for Nightmare Disorder is just the beginning for CMAC. Lead by Dr. Patrick McNamaras expertise, we are planning more projects exploring dreams, nightmares, and human cognition. […] We approach nightmare disorder holistically, seeking to understand the underlying causes and mental mechanisms that cause nightmares and to develop practical therapies and diagnostic methods for people who struggle with chronic nightmares.

• #85 Sleep Therapy Manipulates Dreams to Reduce Nightmare Frequency in Adults – Neurology Advisor

  https://www.neurologyadvisor.com/news/targeted-memory-reactivation-rehearsal-therapy-reduces-nightmares/

  Targeted memory reactivation therapy in addition to imagery rehearsal therapy reduces nightmares and increases positive emotions in dreams. […] Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) therapy applied during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep modulates emotions in dreams and may be a complementary therapeutic approach for the treatment of nightmare disorder. […] The only robust treatment option is imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT). […] These data indicated that TMR in addition to IRT may be an effective treatment strategy for nightmare disorders.

• #86 Fending off the shadows: Using cognitive behavioral therapy to manage nightmares – Mission Magazine

  https://magazines.uthscsa.edu/mission/fending-off-the-shadows-using-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-to-manage-nightmares/

  A new cognitive behavioral therapy-based training is helping providers help patients manage their nightmares. […] Treatment options for nightmares remain an area in need of more research, but patients are often offered a modified version of insomnia treatment focused on therapy methods rather than medications. In clinical practice, cognitive behavioral therapy for nightmares (CBT-N) has proven to be highly effective. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that helps patients become aware of and change harmful or unwanted thoughts, emotions and behaviors. […] When CBT is used for the treatment of nightmares, therapists are working with patients to examine and change thoughts about sleep and nightmares, unhelpful daytime behaviors and sleep habits. […] CBT methods to treat nightmares involve relaxation training for the patient and exposure to their worst nightmares through writing, describing them in detail.

• #87 Fending off the shadows: Using cognitive behavioral therapy to manage nightmares – Mission Magazine

  https://magazines.uthscsa.edu/mission/fending-off-the-shadows-using-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-to-manage-nightmares/

  A new cognitive behavioral therapy-based training is helping providers help patients manage their nightmares. […] Treatment options for nightmares remain an area in need of more research, but patients are often offered a modified version of insomnia treatment focused on therapy methods rather than medications. In clinical practice, cognitive behavioral therapy for nightmares (CBT-N) has proven to be highly effective. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that helps patients become aware of and change harmful or unwanted thoughts, emotions and behaviors. […] When CBT is used for the treatment of nightmares, therapists are working with patients to examine and change thoughts about sleep and nightmares, unhelpful daytime behaviors and sleep habits. […] CBT methods to treat nightmares involve relaxation training for the patient and exposure to their worst nightmares through writing, describing them in detail.

• #88 Fending off the shadows: Using cognitive behavioral therapy to manage nightmares – Mission Magazine

  https://magazines.uthscsa.edu/mission/fending-off-the-shadows-using-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-to-manage-nightmares/

  Most patients who undergo this intervention do see changes in their nightmares and their sleep, Pruiksma said. For some of the best-case scenario patients, they stop having nightmares altogether. […] Through this kind of treatment, patients have more understanding of why they’re having nightmares and feel less alone.

• #89 Nightmare Disorder Treatment | The Better Sleep Clinic

  https://thebettersleepclinic.com/services/nightmare-disorder-treatment

  Our thorough assessment process provides an in-depth understanding of your nightmare patterns, any medications or substances that may need adjustment, co-existing mental health concerns, and other potential sleep disorders. This ensures you receive targeted treatment tailored to your specific challenges […] We offer a comprehensive, multi-faceted treatment approach, guided by the latest research to help you understand your sleep, potential contributors to nightmares, and how to manage and overcome nightmares. […] Because nightmares take a huge mental health toll, and frequently occur with PTSD, psychologists with an understanding of both sleep and mental health are ideal to support and guide at every stage of your journey. […] Consulting a sleep specialist can provide you with the necessary tools and strategies to manage and reduce the impact of nightmares on your life.

• #90 PTSD nightmares: Is there an effective treatment?

  https://www.research.va.gov/currents/0319-PTSD-nightmares.cfm

  „We recommend starting with one of the behavioral treatments when a patient has access to a qualified therapist and is willing to commit to that therapy.” […] „Its hard to single out one therapy because the choice of the therapy depends on a patients preferences and the availability of expertise to deliver the treatment. We recommend starting with one of the behavioral treatments when a patient has access to a qualified therapist and is willing to commit to that therapy.” […] „Such complementary techniques as acupuncture, herbal medicine, yoga, massage, and support groups have been described as other potential therapies for treating nightmares.” […] „Imagery rehearsal therapy is a behavioral therapy thats based on the premise that nightmares can be altered through daytime rehearsal of dreams.”

• #91 Nightmare Disorder: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24464-nightmare-disorder

  Nightmare disorder is treatable with various psychotherapies and medications. […] To treat nightmare disorder, your healthcare provider may recommend a combination of therapies, including forms of psychotherapy (talk therapy) and medication. […] The main forms of psychotherapy for nightmare disorder are cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based therapies, including: Imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) and Exposure, relaxation and rescripting therapy (ERRT). […] The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) recommends imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) and related treatments like exposure, relaxation and rescripting therapy (ERRT) as the most effective treatment for nightmare disorder in adults. […] Your healthcare provider may consider medications if the above-mentioned forms of psychotherapy don’t help.

• #92 AASM releases New guidance on management of nightmare disorder

  https://speciality.medicaldialogues.in/aasm-releases-new-guidance-on-management-of-nightmare-disorder

  Clonazepam and venlafaxine are not recommended to treat nightmare disorder. […] The ultimate judgment regarding the propriety of any specific care must be made by the clinician, in light of the individual circumstances presented by the patient, accessible treatment options, and resources. […] The task force also identified a need for more randomized controlled trials and well-designed comparative efficacy trials to allow for further evaluation of treatments for nightmare disorder.

• #93 Treating Nightmare Disorder | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/sleepless-in-america/201812/treating-nightmare-disorder

  Several effective treatments are available to treat nightmares. […] Successful treatment of Nightmare Disorder has been associated with improved quality of sleep, decreased fatigue, decreased daytime drowsiness, feeling more rested upon awakening, and decreased insomnia. […] The most recent recommendations focus on the treatment of nightmares that are associated with PTSD, and nightmares when they constitute a separate disorder. For treatment of nightmares associated with PTSD, some evidence was found for the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy; cognitive behavioral therapy of insomnia; EMDR; image rehearsal therapy; and exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy. […] Numerous medications have been used in the treatment of nightmares associated with PTSD including olanzapine, risperidone, clonidine, fluvoxamine, gabapentin, prazosin, trazodone; and tricyclic antidepressants as well as several other agents.

• #94 Chronic Nightmares: Therapy and Other Control Methods May Help

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/features/when-nightmares-wont-go-away

  „Studies show that 70% to 80% of people who try IRT get significant relief,” says Barry Krakow, MD, director of the Maimonides International Nightmare Treatment Center in Albuquerque, N.M. […] IRT is surprisingly easy to learn and to use. The basic technique can often be mastered in a few hours; once learned, it’s used for only a few minutes a day for a matter of days or weeks. […] As described by Krakow and Harris, IRT is a three-step process: 1. Jot down a brief description of a recent nightmare. If your most recent nightmare is too upsetting to think about, pick another. 2. Think of a way to change the nightmare. Krakow declines to tell his patients what sort of change to make, encouraging them to rely on their intuition to make an appropriate change. 3. Set aside a few minutes each day to imagine this altered version of the nightmare. Simply paint a mental picture of the altered version. […] „Just learning that there was something I could do about my nightmares really helped a lot,” Levy says. „Getting help changed things for me significantly. I’m more rested and happier, and I’m able to be more active during the day.”

• #95 Psychosocial Treatments for Trauma-Based Nightmares

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/psychosocial-treatments-trauma-based-nightmares

  Treatment assists the patient identify core themes contained in the nightmare, such as safety, trust, power/control, intimacy, self-esteem. […] The nightmare content is rescripted in order to modifying the content based on the theme of the nightmare. […] Jack was engaged in prolonged exposure therapy to address his PTSD symptoms and he was prescribed citalopram and trazodone to address symptoms of PTSD, depression, and insomnia. […] He was referred to a group application of IRT in which 5 Vietnam war combat veterans were seen weekly for a period of 6 weeks to address trauma-related nightmares. […] He was engaged and complied with treatment, and he was provided with a description of his nightmare as a habitual and self-perpetuating pattern of behavior that could be effectively addressed by treatment.

• #96 Psychosocial Treatments for Trauma-Based Nightmares

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/psychosocial-treatments-trauma-based-nightmares

  Jack was asked to complete a list of his nightmares from the most distressing to the least, and from this hierarchy he chose a nightmare that was in the middle range of intensity using a subjective unit of distress (SUD) rating, from 0 to 100. […] He started in an ERRT group with 4 other combat veterans who were seen weekly for 6 weeks to address trauma related nightmares. […] Initial sessions provided psychoeducation on trauma-related nightmares, sleep hygiene, and relaxation methods, which were practiced daily before sleep. […] The challenge in applying each of these approaches to nightmare treatment is that the clinician needs to be reasonably knowledgeable about sleep science, sleep disorders, relaxation methods, and trauma treatment. […] Overall, these nightmare treatments are brief and each session requires sufficient structure and preparation in order to get the maximum therapeutic benefit.

• #97 Nightmare Disorder – IRT & ERRT Treatment – Honest Mental Health

  https://www.honestmentalhealth.com/nightmares

  Based on over 30 years of experimental evidence, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (IRT) and related interventions like Exposure, Relaxation, and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT) as the most effective treatment options for nightmare disorder in adults. […] IRT and ERRT are multi-component, individualized treatments involving daily monitoring of your sleep-wake pattern (including nightmare frequency and intensity) using a sleep diary, learning about the nature of nightmares, daily practice of skills targeting nightmare-related imagery, thoughts, and emotions, and refining treatment until nightmares are no longer problematic. […] Although your total number of appointments will depend on your individualized treatment plan, clinical research trials of IRT and ERRT and our own clinical experience delivering these interventions suggest that most nightmare disorders are successfully treated within the equivalent of only 6 to 9 weekly sessions following your initial clinical assessment.

• #98 Nightmare Disorder Treatment | The Better Sleep Clinic

  https://thebettersleepclinic.com/services/nightmare-disorder-treatment

  Often our sleep specialists are able to identify any medications that you may be taking that can contribute to nightmares and also advise on those that may be able to assist in your situation. […] Our personalized treatment plans are carefully tailored to address your specific challenges and goals, ensuring that you receive the most effective care. […] We take a holistic view of sleep health, considering all aspects of your lifestyle and mental well-being. Our comprehensive assessments and integrated sleep and mental health care approach ensures that we address the root causes of your nightmares. […] Utilizing the findings from the assessment, we develop a tailored approach that integrates various treatment options to effectively address your needs. […] We provide a session-by-session framework with support and the option for regular check-ins to facilitate learning and skill development.

• #99 Chronic Nightmares: Therapy and Other Control Methods May Help

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/features/when-nightmares-wont-go-away

  „Studies show that 70% to 80% of people who try IRT get significant relief,” says Barry Krakow, MD, director of the Maimonides International Nightmare Treatment Center in Albuquerque, N.M. […] IRT is surprisingly easy to learn and to use. The basic technique can often be mastered in a few hours; once learned, it’s used for only a few minutes a day for a matter of days or weeks. […] As described by Krakow and Harris, IRT is a three-step process: 1. Jot down a brief description of a recent nightmare. If your most recent nightmare is too upsetting to think about, pick another. 2. Think of a way to change the nightmare. Krakow declines to tell his patients what sort of change to make, encouraging them to rely on their intuition to make an appropriate change. 3. Set aside a few minutes each day to imagine this altered version of the nightmare. Simply paint a mental picture of the altered version. […] „Just learning that there was something I could do about my nightmares really helped a lot,” Levy says. „Getting help changed things for me significantly. I’m more rested and happier, and I’m able to be more active during the day.”

• #100

  https://www.behavioralsleep.org/index.php/sbsm/about-adult-sleep-disorders/nightmares

  Most nightmare sufferers cannot imagine that their nightmares are a treatable problem, resulting in few people actively seeking treatment for them. […] IRT is an evidence-based, non-drug approach to nightmare treatment. […] Research has shown that IRT is effective with a wide range of patients, from those who suffer from distressing dreams on a regular basis to those who have nightmares related to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). […] IRT has been shown to help here as well. […] Clinical studies have shown IRT is effective for the treatment of nightmares. […] Some patients report improved daytime mood and functioning as a result of successful treatment of their nightmare disorder. […] On average 3-4 sessions are usually required for many people to begin seeing improvement in nightmare frequency and distress.

• #101 Fending off the shadows: Using cognitive behavioral therapy to manage nightmares – Mission Magazine

  https://magazines.uthscsa.edu/mission/fending-off-the-shadows-using-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-to-manage-nightmares/

  Most patients who undergo this intervention do see changes in their nightmares and their sleep, Pruiksma said. For some of the best-case scenario patients, they stop having nightmares altogether. […] Through this kind of treatment, patients have more understanding of why they’re having nightmares and feel less alone.

• #102 Adult Nightmares: Causes and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/nightmares-in-adults

  Treatments for Nightmares in Adults […] Fortunately, there are steps you and your doctor can take to lessen the frequency of your nightmares and the effect they are having on your life. First, if your nightmares are the result of a particular medication, you may be able to change your dosage or prescription to eliminate this unwanted side effect. […] For people whose nightmares are caused by conditions such as sleep apnea or restless legs syndrome, treating the underlying disorder may help alleviate symptoms. […] If your nightmares aren’t illness- or medication-related, don’t despair. Behavioral changes have proven effective for 70% of adults who suffer from nightmares, including those caused by anxiety, depression, and PTSD. […] Imagery rehearsal treatment is a promising cognitive behavioral therapy for recurrent nightmares and nightmares caused by PTSD. The technique helps chronic sufferers change their nightmares by rehearsing how they would like them to transpire. In some cases, medications may be used in conjunction with therapy to treat PTSD-related nightmares, though their efficacy has not been demonstrated as clearly as that of imagery rehearsal treatment. […] There are a number of other steps you can take on your own that may help reduce your nightmare frequency. Keeping a regular wake-sleep schedule is important. So is engaging in regular exercise, which will help alleviate nightmare-causing anxiety and stress. You may find that yoga and meditation are also helpful. […] Remember to practice good sleep hygiene, which will help prevent the sleep deprivation that can bring on nightmares in adults. Make your bedroom a relaxing, tranquil place that is reserved for sleep and sex, so that you don’t associate it with stressful activities. Also, be cautious about the use of alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine, which can remain in your system for more than 12 hours and often disrupt sleep patterns.

• #103 Psychosocial Treatments for Trauma-Based Nightmares

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/psychosocial-treatments-trauma-based-nightmares

  Jack was asked to complete a list of his nightmares from the most distressing to the least, and from this hierarchy he chose a nightmare that was in the middle range of intensity using a subjective unit of distress (SUD) rating, from 0 to 100. […] He started in an ERRT group with 4 other combat veterans who were seen weekly for 6 weeks to address trauma related nightmares. […] Initial sessions provided psychoeducation on trauma-related nightmares, sleep hygiene, and relaxation methods, which were practiced daily before sleep. […] The challenge in applying each of these approaches to nightmare treatment is that the clinician needs to be reasonably knowledgeable about sleep science, sleep disorders, relaxation methods, and trauma treatment. […] Overall, these nightmare treatments are brief and each session requires sufficient structure and preparation in order to get the maximum therapeutic benefit.

• #104 Psychosocial Treatments for Trauma-Based Nightmares

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/psychosocial-treatments-trauma-based-nightmares

  Jack was asked to complete a list of his nightmares from the most distressing to the least, and from this hierarchy he chose a nightmare that was in the middle range of intensity using a subjective unit of distress (SUD) rating, from 0 to 100. […] He started in an ERRT group with 4 other combat veterans who were seen weekly for 6 weeks to address trauma related nightmares. […] Initial sessions provided psychoeducation on trauma-related nightmares, sleep hygiene, and relaxation methods, which were practiced daily before sleep. […] The challenge in applying each of these approaches to nightmare treatment is that the clinician needs to be reasonably knowledgeable about sleep science, sleep disorders, relaxation methods, and trauma treatment. […] Overall, these nightmare treatments are brief and each session requires sufficient structure and preparation in order to get the maximum therapeutic benefit.

• #105 AASM releases New guidance on management of nightmare disorder

  https://speciality.medicaldialogues.in/aasm-releases-new-guidance-on-management-of-nightmare-disorder

  Clonazepam and venlafaxine are not recommended to treat nightmare disorder. […] The ultimate judgment regarding the propriety of any specific care must be made by the clinician, in light of the individual circumstances presented by the patient, accessible treatment options, and resources. […] The task force also identified a need for more randomized controlled trials and well-designed comparative efficacy trials to allow for further evaluation of treatments for nightmare disorder.

• #106 Treating nightmare disorder in adults – Sleep Education

  https://sleepeducation.org/treating-nightmare-disorder-adults/

  Treating nightmare disorder in adults. […] Fortunately, there are treatments for nightmare disorder in adults. […] The position paper reports that image rehearsal therapy is useful for the treatment of nightmare disorder and nightmares associated with PTSD. […] The AASM task force found that various methods may be used for treating nightmare disorders, including cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnosis, and some prescription medications. […] If you are struggling with nightmares, talk with a doctor, who may refer you to an accredited sleep center. Effectively treating nightmare disorder can improve your sleep quality and help you feel more alert and less sleepy.

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