Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Psychiatry.org – What are Sleep Disorders?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/sleep-disorders/what-are-sleep-disorders

  Sleep disorders (or sleep-wake disorders) involve problems with the quality, timing, and amount of sleep, which result in daytime distress and impairment in functioning. […] Sleep problems can both contribute to or exacerbate mental health conditions and can be a symptom of other mental health conditions. […] Sleep disorders should be specifically addressed regardless of mental or other medical problems that may be present. Chronic insomnia is typically treated with a combination of sleep medications and behavioral techniques, such as cognitive behavior therapy. […] Several types of medications can be used to treat insomnia and to help you fall asleep or stay asleep. […] Many people turn to complementary health approaches to help with sleep problems. […] Relaxation techniques, used before bedtime, can be helpful for insomnia. […] If your sleep problems persist or if they interfere with how you feel or function during the day, you should seek evaluation and treatment by a physician.

• #2 Psychotherapy For Sleep Disorders | Good Health Psych

  https://goodhealthpsych.com/disorders/sleep-disorders-treatment-nyc/

  Sleep disorders are a growing problem in the modern world. They are so prevalent that it has been estimated that one-third of the population suffers from sleep problems. […] Psychiatrists and psychotherapists have been working with people to help them get better sleep for years — finding them relief and fixing the underlying issues that are causing the disorder in the first place. […] Sleep therapy is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on the treatment of sleep disorders—it is part of the field of psychosomatic medicine, which also includes treatments for other bodily functions and diseases. […] The goal of sleep counseling is to help people with sleep problems get more restful sleep. […] The goal of sleep therapy treatments in adolescents is to help them understand the relationships between their thoughts and feelings, their life events, and their sleep patterns.

• #3 Sleep Medicine Center | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-clinics/sleep-medicine-center.html

  The Stanford Health Care Sleep Medicine Center provides comprehensive care for all types of sleep disorders. Our multispecialty team offers a range of advanced behavioral and medical approaches to improve your sleep and quality of life. […] Advanced treatment options, including behavioral therapy and the latest medications, devices, and surgical procedures. […] Sleep disorders are linked to many chronic health conditions and can impact your quality of life. Getting an accurate diagnosis and the right treatment are essential. Our dedicated sleep medicine team works together seamlessly to ensure you receive personalized, coordinated care. […] Treatments we offer for sleep disorders include: […] Behavioral treatments are often the first approach for sleep disorders. Ranging from lifestyle changes to therapy, they include:

• #4 Sleep Disorders (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/sleep-disorders-hp-pdq

  Insomnia symptoms occur in about 33% to 50% of the adult population and are often associated with situational stress, illness, aging, and drug treatment. […] It is estimated that one-third to one-half of people with cancer experience sleep disturbances. […] Sleep disturbances may be exacerbated by paraneoplastic syndromes associated with steroid production and by symptoms associated with tumor invasion. […] Medications including vitamins, corticosteroids, neuroleptics for nausea and vomiting, and sympathomimetics for the treatment of dyspnea and other treatment factors can negatively impact sleep patterns. […] Sustained use of sedatives and hypnotics can cause insomnia. […] In addition, withdrawal from central nervous system depressants may cause insomnia. […] Hypnotics can interfere with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, resulting in increased irritability, apathy, and diminished mental alertness.

• #5 Common Sleep Disorders in Adults: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0400/p397.html

  Sleep disorders are common in the general adult population and are associated with adverse effects such as motor vehicle collisions, decreased quality of life, and increased mortality. […] Insomnia is diagnosed by history and is treated with cognitive behavior therapy, with or without medications. […] Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is diagnosed by polysomnography and treated with melatonin or clonazepam. […] Restless legs syndrome is treated with gabapentin or dopamine agonists, depending on the severity. […] Narcolepsy is treated with behavior modifications and medications such as stimulants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, sodium oxybate, and pitolisant. […] Treatment consists of positive airway pressure therapy while sleeping in conjunction with weight loss.

• #6 Sleep Disorders: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/disorders

  When sleep disorders aren’t caused by another condition, treatment normally involves a combination of medical treatments and lifestyle changes. […] It’s important to receive a diagnosis and treatment right away if you suspect you might have a sleep disorder. When left untreated, the negative effects of sleep disorders can lead to further health consequences. […] Treatment for sleep disorders can vary depending on the type and underlying cause. However, it generally includes a combination of medical treatments and lifestyle changes. […] Medical treatment for sleep disturbances might include any of the following: sleeping pills, melatonin supplements, allergy or cold medication, medications for any underlying health issues, breathing device or surgery (usually for sleep apnea), a dental guard (usually for teeth grinding).

• #7 Sleep Disorder Treatment Plans & Options | Banner Brain & Spine

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/services/neurology/programs-care/sleep-disorders/treatment-plan

  Building a treatment plan for a sleep disorder starts with uncovering the root cause of sleep problems. For treatment to be effective, care must be administered for the condition causing unhealthy sleep or sleep disorders. […] The type of sleep disorder you have will help determine the right kind of treatment plan for you. Treatments may include: […] The first step in a treatment plan should aim to change sleep habits and address any issues that may be causing sleep problems or conditions. […] Medical treatment plans for sleep disorders may include: […] At times, over-the-counter sleep aids may be used but they can sometimes lead to unwanted side effects. […] There are a number of physical behavioral and psychological methods that can be effective in the treatment of sleep disorders. […] Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for sleep disorders is popular and can be an effective part of a treatment plan. […] Rather than choosing one of the treatments, the right combination of medication and healthy habits that address your sleep issues or disorder will likely be most effective.

• #8 Insomnia Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Pharmacologic Treatment of Insomnia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-treatment

  The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) guidelines state that the two primary goals of treatment are to improve sleep quality and to improve related daytime impairments. […] The AASM guidelines recommend psychological and behavioral interventions (including, but not limited to, cognitive-behavioral therapy [CBT]) as effective in the treatment of chronic comorbid insomnia as well as primary insomnia. […] Strong evidence supports the use of nonpharmacologic interventions (eg, CBT) for insomnia. […] CBT is now considered the most appropriate treatment for patients with primary insomnia. […] If the patient has a psychiatric disorder, the disorder should be treated. […] Even when comorbid causes of insomnia (ie, medical, psychiatric) are treated, however, variable degrees of insomnia persist that require additional interventions. These patients can benefit from CBT and a short course of a sedative-hypnotic or melatonin receptor agonist.

• #9 Treating Symptoms and Sleep Disorders | Bangkok International Hospital (Brain x Bone)

  https://www.bangkokinternationalhospital.com/health-articles/disease-treatment/treatment-sleep-disorders

  Treatment for abnormal sleep conditions and disorders depends on the type of sleep disorder. The most important thing is to diagnose the cause of the disorder and treat it at its source. However, some disorders, in addition to treating the cause, may also require symptom management, such as chronic insomnia. […] The principles for treating sleep disorders are similar to those for treating other diseases and can be divided into: Non-pharmacologic therapy, Pharmacologic therapy. […] While undergoing treatment, equally important are treatment compliance and regular follow-up. For example, treating patients with obstructive sleep apnea with positive airway pressure therapy, such as CPAP. […] A major problem is that some patients do not adhere to continuous treatment (non-adherence) for various reasons, such as some patients feeling uncomfortable wearing the CPAP mask and thus not using the CPAP device anymore, without knowing that there are solutions to such problems, like changing the type of mask to a more suitable one, or for some, wearing the mask for a period before sleep without turning on the CPAP device can help the patient get accustomed to the condition while sleeping with the CPAP device operating.

• #10 Overview of the treatment of insomnia in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-treatment-of-insomnia-in-adults

  Overview of the treatment of insomnia in adults […] Management of insomnia requires a stepwise approach, beginning with attempts to eliminate, or at least minimize, the multiple contributing factors and comorbid illnesses that can interfere with optimal sleep. […] Successful behavioral and pharmacologic approaches to insomnia should only be implemented once all contributing factors are recognized and attempts to address them are made. […] This topic is an overview of the approach to management of acute and chronic insomnia in adults. Specific medications and behavioral therapies for insomnia are reviewed in more detail separately. […] Insomnia etiology is best conceptualized as a combination of predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors that vary over time. Each of these factors should be assessed to formulate an individualized treatment plan. […] The sleep history should include an examination of the social, medical, and psychiatric events that may have been relevant at the time insomnia began.

• #11 Insomnia treatment: Cognitive behavioral therapy instead of sleeping pills

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/insomnia/in-depth/insomnia-treatment/art-20046677

  Insomnia is a common condition. Effective treatment can help you get the sleep you need. Explore safe and effective insomnia treatments that don’t include pills. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy, sometimes called CBT, can effectively treat long-term sleep problems like insomnia. Generally, it’s the first treatment recommended. […] CBT helps you find out which thoughts and behaviors cause sleep problems or make them worse. You learn how to replace these thoughts and behaviors with habits that support sound sleep. Unlike sleeping pills, CBT helps you overcome the causes of your sleep problems. […] The most effective treatment approach may combine several of these methods. […] CBT may be a good treatment choice if you have long-term sleep problems or you’re worried about becoming dependent on sleep medicines. It also can be a good choice if medicines aren’t effective or cause bothersome side effects.

• #12 Sleep Disorders: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/disorders

  Lifestyle adjustments can greatly improve your quality of sleep, especially when they’re done along with medical treatments. You may want to consider: incorporating more vegetables and fish into your diet, and reducing sugar intake, reducing stress and anxiety by exercising and stretching, creating and sticking to a regular sleeping schedule, drinking less water before bedtime, limiting your caffeine intake, especially in the late afternoon or evening, decreasing tobacco and alcohol use, eating smaller low carbohydrate meals before bedtime, maintaining a healthy weight based on your doctor’s recommendations. […] Going to bed and waking up at the same time every day can also significantly improve your sleep quality.

• #13 Sleep-Wake Disorders Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Sleep Hygiene, Other Interventions

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/287104-treatment

  Evaluate patients for other primary sleep disorders (eg, sleep apnea); the impact of prescribed medication; and underlying medical, psychiatric, and substance abuse disorders. Teach good sleep hygiene. If necessary, consider medication. […] Consultation can help evaluate patients for medical (including psychiatric) causes of insomnia. The evaluation team optimally should include a psychiatrist, neurologist, pulmonologist, sleep medicine specialist, and dietitian. Surgical referral may be indicated to correct some underlying medical conditions that cause insomnia, such as for palate surgery in some cases of sleep apnea. […] Educating patients in good sleep hygiene is the keystone of treatment. The following advice should be given to patients: Use the bed for sleep and sex only (no television watching or reading in bed). Avoid caffeine, especially late in the day; avoid activities that will get you stimulated and upset late in the day; practice relaxation techniques before bedtime. Exercise each day. Maintain a regular schedule for bedtime and wakening; avoid naps. Do not watch the clock while in bed; avoid struggling to fall asleep in bed; instead, get up and spend quiet time out of bed until sleep comes.

• #14 Insomnia Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Pharmacologic Treatment of Insomnia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-treatment

  Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be used to ameliorate factors that perpetuate or exacerbate chronic insomnia, such as poor sleep habits, hyperarousal, irregular sleep schedules, inadequate sleep hygiene, and misconceptions about sleep. […] According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) guidelines, cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) should be the initial treatment approach, with pharmacologic options considered when CBT-I is not available, not effective, or not preferred by the patient. […] The components of CBT-I include the following: Sleep hygiene education, Cognitive restructuring to reduce sleep-related anxiety, Stimulus control therapy, Sleep restriction therapy, Relaxation techniques. […] The AASM guidelines recommend including at least one behavioral intervention in initial treatment.

• #15 Sleep Disorders: Treatment | CAMH

  https://www.camh.ca/en/professionals/treating-conditions-and-disorders/sleep-disorders/sleep-disorders—treatment

  Education about normal sleep is an essential part of treating insomnia and other sleep disorders. […] Cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the first-line standard treatment, and should be the initial treatment offered to patients. […] CBT-I is a short-term treatment (usually three to six sessions) that is beneficial for more than 70 percent of patients. […] Ideally, patients participate in individually tailored CBT-I provided by a trained clinician such as a psychologist or, in complex cases, a behavioural sleep specialist. […] If this service is not available, online CBT-I is an option. […] These resources are not equivalent to a full CBT-I program, so if they are not sufficiently helpful, recommend in-person CBT-I.

• #16 Sleep Therapy: Treating Sleep Problems with CBT

  https://www.helpguide.org/wellness/sleep/therapy-for-sleep-disorders

  Sleep therapy is a type of therapy used to improve the quality of your sleep at night. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most widely-used therapy for sleep disorders and problems. CBT can improve your sleep by changing your behavior before bedtime as well as changing the ways of thinking that keep you from falling asleep. It also focuses on improving relaxation skills and changing lifestyle habits that impact your sleeping patterns. […] Therapy is an effective way of treating the underlying problem rather than just the symptoms, helping you develop healthy sleeping patterns for life. Even if your sleep disorder requires the use of prescription medication, experts recommend combining a drug regimen with therapy and healthy lifestyle changes. […] A recent study at Harvard Medical School found that CBT was more effective at treating chronic insomnia than prescription sleep medication. CBT produced the greatest changes in patients ability to fall asleep and stay asleep, and the benefits remained even a year after treatment ended. If youre suffering from a sleep disorder, therapy may be able to relax your mind, change your outlook, improve your daytime habits, and set you up for a good nights sleep.

• #17 Sleep Therapy: Treating Sleep Problems with CBT

  https://www.helpguide.org/wellness/sleep/therapy-for-sleep-disorders

  Cognitive behavioral therapy can be conducted individually, in a group of people with similar sleeping problems, or via an online therapy platform. Since the causes and symptoms of sleep disorders vary considerably, CBT should always be tailored to your specific problems. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), for example, is a specific type of therapy designed for people who are unable to get the amount of sleep they need to wake up feeling rested and refreshed. […] The length of therapy also depends on the type and severity of your sleep disorder. While CBT is rarely an immediate or easy cure, it is relatively short-term. Many CBT treatment programs for insomnia, for example, report significant improvement in sleep patterns following a course of 5 to 8 weekly sessions. […] CBT addresses negative thoughts and behavior patterns that contribute to insomnia or other sleeping problems. As the name suggests, cognitive behavioral therapy involves two main components:

• #18 Sleep Therapy: Treating Sleep Problems with CBT

  https://www.helpguide.org/wellness/sleep/therapy-for-sleep-disorders

  When practiced regularly, relaxation techniques such as mindfulness meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, and breathing exercises can help you relax at night, relieving tension and anxiety and preparing you for sleep. […] Making improvements to your sleep often takes time and commitment. Its essential that you find a therapist whos right for you: someone who you can trust, someone you feel comfortable talking to, someone who will serve as a partner in your recovery. […] Once youve found the right sleep therapist, its important to stick with treatment and follow your therapists advice. If youre feeling discouraged with the pace of recovery, remember that therapy for sleep disorders is very effective in the long run. Youll reap the benefits if you see it through. […] However you decide to access therapy, finding the right sleep therapist can help you deal with common sleep problems such as insomnia, ditch the sleeping pills for good, and regularly enjoy a restful nights sleep.

• #19 Addressing Sleep Disorders Through Therapy

  https://chenaltherapy.com/addressing-sleep-disorders-through-therapy/

  Sleep disorders can take a toll on physical, emotional, and mental health. […] Therapy offers a range of solutions to tackle sleep issues at their root, improving both rest and quality of life. […] Therapy addresses both the symptoms and root causes of sleep disorders, offering lasting solutions. […] CBT-I is considered the gold standard for treating insomnia. […] Mindfulness-based therapies focus on reducing stress by helping individuals stay present and avoid worrying about the past or future. […] Therapies such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) or Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) can help: Process and resolve traumatic memories. […] Therapy helps break this cycle by addressing the underlying mental health issues contributing to sleep problems.

• #20

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/sleep-disorders/treatment-options

  Once you know why you cant sleep, you can choose a sleep disorder treatment option that fits your lifestyle and overall health goals. Treatment options include noninvasive therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), CPAP, relaxation techniques and biofeedback, as well as medication and surgery. […] Relaxation techniques like guided imagery, deep breathing and progressive relaxation help to create a relaxed state that encourages sleep. […] Psychological treatment can be very effective at managing conditions like insomnia and other sleep disorders. Through cognitive behavioral therapy and relaxation techniques, youll uncover the connection between your thoughts, behaviors and sleep patterns. […] Biofeedback therapy teaches you how to control these physiological processes in order to eliminate stress so you can sleep.

• #21 Sleep Therapy: Treating Sleep Problems with CBT

  https://www.helpguide.org/wellness/sleep/therapy-for-sleep-disorders

  As well as changing the way you think about sleep, CBT also works to change the habits and behaviors that can prevent you from sleeping well. Depending on your specific symptoms and needs, your therapist may employ some of the following techniques: […] Sleep restriction therapy (SRT) reduces the time you spend lying in bed awake by eliminating naps and forcing you to stay up beyond your normal bedtime. This method of sleep deprivation can be especially effective for insomnia. […] Stimulus control therapy helps to identify and change sleep habits that prevent you from sleeping well. […] Improving your sleep environment and sleep hygiene. Your sleep environment should be dark, quiet, and cool, so your therapist may recommend blackout shades, earplugs, or a sound machine to block out noise.

• #22 Treating Sleep Disorders | Abnormal Psychology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-abnormalpsych/chapter/treating-sleep-disorders/

  Stimulus control helps to build an association between the bedroom and sleep by limiting the type of activities allowed in the bedroom. […] Sleep restriction involves a strict schedule of bedtimes and wake times and limits time in bed to only when a person is sleeping. […] A systematic review found that traumatic childhood experiences (such as family conflict or sexual trauma) significantly increases the risk for a number of sleep disorders in adulthood, including sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and insomnia.

• #23 The Six Types of Sleep Disorders | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/understanding-treating-sleep-disturbances.html

  The gold standard of care, continuous positive airway pressure therapy, or CPAP, facilitates airflow. Other options move the lower jaw and tongue forward (with a mandibular advancement device and nerve stimulator) to prevent airway collapse. Patients might also benefit from surgery on excess nose and throat tissue that interferes with breathing. […] Treatment is aimed at creating brain cues for rest and wakefulness: a tiny (.5 milligram) dose of melatonin and bright light exposure. Use lights and healthy sleep hygiene—a consistent routine and avoiding electronics before bed—to help shift your cycle and reinforce your preferred schedule. […] Doctors may cut out contributing drugs and supplement iron, if needed. They may also prescribe symptomatic relief through medication, foot wraps and other aids. […] Providers will conduct a nap study and treat hypersomnias with a mixture of sleep hygiene, napping, driving safety and stimulant medications. […] If you’re having ongoing concerns, your primary care doctor can refer you to a sleep specialist, or you can self-refer for a full assessment.

• #24 Sleep Disorders: Therapy & Treatment | Study.com

  https://study.com/academy/lesson/sleep-disorders-therapy-treatment.html

  Insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep. Symptoms of insomnia can vary from person to person. But often the disorder involves waking up too early or waking up multiple times during the night. This can lead to daytime tiredness, lack of attention, and general feelings of not being well-rested. When insomnia is causing us to not sleep enough, it can lead to things like tension headaches, anxiety, and depression. […] Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is a method for treating a variety of disorders. It is aimed at changing behaviors. In reference to insomnia, the goal is to treat the condition without using sleeping pills. The idea is to change our sleep patterns and habits. There are a few different CBT techniques that might help with insomnia. […] Bright Light Therapy is sometimes used to treat circadian rhythm disorders. A common technique is to use what is called a light box, where we expose ourselves to safe levels of very bright light. The light box is thought to correct problematic sleep patterns.

• #25 What is Sleep Disorder Therapy? – TherapyTribe

  https://www.therapytribe.com/therapy/sleep-disorder-treatment/

  In cases when sleep disorders are caused by or worsened by anxiety, depression, or PTSD, psychotherapy sessions can be extremely helpful and even essential. […] Through the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) approach, your therapist can help you learn to change actions and thoughts that are harming your sleep. This is a very effective treatment for insomnia (called CBT-I sleep programs) and is often considered to be the first line of treatment. […] For circadian rhythm sleep disruption (often occurring from jet lag or shift-work) or individuals with delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS), light therapy is often used. […] Sleep disorders are often best managed through lifestyle changes in conjunction with other medical and psychological treatments. […] These 8 healthy lifestyle practices can help with almost any sleep disorder:

• #26 Sleep Disorder Treatments – Sleep Disorder Treatments | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-disorder-treatments

  Get tips for healthy sleep, and learn about the different ways to treat sleep disorders, including devices, therapies, medicines, and procedures. […] Light therapy may help adjust the amount of melatonin your body needs to make to reset your sleep-wake cycle. […] Exercises for your mouth and facial muscles, also called orofacial therapy, may help treat sleep apnea in children and adults. […] CBT-I is a 6- to 8-week treatment plan to help you learn how to fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer. This is usually recommended as the first treatment option for long-term insomnia and can be very effective. […] If you are having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, and improving your sleep habits and other therapies have not helped, your healthcare provider may talk to you about medicines to help you sleep. […] CPAP is a device that uses mild air pressure to keep your airways open while you sleep. […] For the treatment of sleep apnea, if a CPAP or other oral devices do not work, you may need surgery.

• #27 Sleep Disorder Treatment Options

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/sleep-disorder-treatment-4013401

  Most sleep disorders can be treated effectively. […] Learn about treatment options for different concerns and how to choose the one that will address your needs best. […] Myofunctional therapy consists of tongue exercises that may help sleep apnea. […] Myofunctional Therapy Exercises May Help to Improve Sleep Apnea. […] How Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) Works. […] Weight loss through diet and exercise may help to reduce the likelihood of sleep apnea. […] 5 Alternative Treatments for Sleep Apnea to Avoid CPAP. […] The Aveo tongue stabilizing device can be used to treat snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. […] The Zzoma positional therapy belt keeps you off your back to reduce snoring and sleep apnea. […] Solutions and Treatments of Sleep Eating Disorders.

• #28 Sleep Disorders (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/sleep-disorders-hp-pdq

  Psychological interventions are directed toward facilitating the patient’s coping processes through education, support, and reassurance. […] When cancer survivors experience sleep-wake disturbances, cognitive behavioral intervention counseling should be the first consideration for management. […] If CBT is not available or has not been successful, pharmacological management can be considered. […] Several classes of medications are used to treat sleep-wake cycle disturbances, including nonbenzodiazepine benzodiazepine receptor agonists, benzodiazepines, melatonin receptor agonists, antihistamines, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. […] Medications used to induce sleep are intended for the short-term management of sleep disorders. […] Nonpharmacological treatment of sleep disorders is the preferred initial management, with the use of medication when indicated and referral to a sleep disorder center when specialized care is necessary.

• #29 Insomnia Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Pharmacologic Treatment of Insomnia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-treatment

  Limitations of CBT are that providers must be trained in its use and that the technique is time consuming. […] Some sleep centers have behavioral medicine specialists who can administer CBT. […] A longitudinal study found that acupressure treatment can improve insomnia, with effects lasting after the end of intervention. […] The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) guideline for the pharmacologic treatment of chronic insomnia in adults recommends the following medications: Suvorexant, Eszopiclone, Zaleplon, Zolpidem, Triazolam, Temazepam, Ramelteon, Doxepin. […] Sedative-hypnotic medications do not usually cure insomnia, but they can provide symptomatic relief as sole therapy or as an adjunct with CBT. […] Short-term use of a hypnotic may be considered for patients with acute insomnia that is severe, causes significant distress, or requires rapid symptom relief.

• #30 Treatment for Sleep Disorders: Therapy, Medications, Lifestyle Changes & More

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/sleep-disorders/treatment/

  Sleep medication won’t cure the individuals sleep problem or address the underlying symptoms. For this reason, many patients seek other sources of treatment, including therapy. Medication may help treat the short-term issue, however, it could result in worsening sleep problems over a long period of time. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy is a common treatment for individuals learning to manage several different sleep disorders. Cognitive behavioral therapy will help change the individuals behavior before bedtime and the way of thinking that keeps them up at night. […] Even if the diagnosed sleep disorder requires the use of prescription medications, treatment will be more effective with a combination of the drug, therapy and healthy lifestyle changes.

• #31 Insomnia Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Pharmacologic Treatment of Insomnia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-treatment

  Studies have indicated, however, that nonbenzodiazepine receptor agonists can have long-term efficacy for 6-12 months without the development of tolerance. […] Ramelteon is a specific melatonin receptor agonist that binds to the melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors. […] Controlled trials have shown a decrease in sleep latency but no change in wake time after sleep onset and no next-morning residual effects. […] Alternative and herbal medications have also been tried in the treatment of insomnia. […] The AASM guidelines state that valerian and other alternative or herbal medications are not recommended for treatment of chronic insomnia.

• #32 Insomnia treatment: Cognitive behavioral therapy instead of sleeping pills

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/insomnia/in-depth/insomnia-treatment/art-20046677

  Unlike sleep medicines, CBT addresses what’s causing your insomnia rather than just relieving symptoms. But it takes time and effort to make it work. In some cases, a blend of sleep medicine and CBT may be best. […] CBT can benefit nearly anyone with sleep problems. It can help people who have insomnia due to lifestyle habits, medical issues, physical problems or mental health conditions. The positive effects of CBT seem to last, and there is no evidence that CBT has harmful side effects.

• #33 Update on Treating Sleep Disorders

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2019-mar-apr/update-on-treating-sleep-disorders

  Although there are no approved medications for OSA, cannabinoids have gained attention. […] Sodium oxybate is the first-line and only approved treatment for cataplexy. […] Modafinil, a nonamphetamine, wakefulness-promoting agent, is used to treat excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy. […] Iron therapy is a mainstay of treatment for patients with RLS who have low iron; iron status should always be part of the evaluation in RLS. […] Long-term treatment of RLS can be challenging and pharmacogenomics may be helpful. […] Several new and promising avenues to treat sleep disorders have arisen in recent years.

• #34 Common Sleep Disorders in Adults: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0400/p397.html

  Treatment consists of behavior approaches and medications for the symptoms of daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. […] Long-term positive airway pressure therapy should be considered for all patients with OSA. […] For mild to moderate cases of OSA, therapy can be initiated with nighttime use of positive airway pressure or mandibular advancement devices. […] Weight loss is a mainstay of therapy in conjunction with positive airway pressure.

• #35 Medications for the Treatment of Sleep Disorders: An Overview

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/medications-treatment-sleep-disorders-overview/

  Sleep disorders can be divided into those producing insomnia, those causing daytime sleepiness, and those disrupting sleep. […] Benzodiazepines are frequently used to treat insomnia; however, there may be a withdrawal syndrome with rapid eye movement (REM) rebound. […] Other agents for insomnia include sedating antidepressants and over-the-counter sleep products (sedating antihistamines). […] Nonpharmacologic behavioral methods may also have therapeutic benefit. […] Medications, including amphetamines, may be used to induce daytime alertness. […] For example, restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder may be treated with dopamine agonists. […] An understanding of the disorders of sleep and the effects of medications is required for the appropriate use of medications affecting sleep.

• #36 Common Sleep Disorders in Adults: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0400/p397.html

  Treatment of REM sleep behavior disorder focuses on reducing the injury potential for the patient and bed partner using behavior modification as a first-line intervention. […] If these methods are not successful, the use of pharmacologic therapy with melatonin or clonazepam (Klonopin) may be necessary. […] A greater emphasis is placed on nonpharmacologic interventions to decrease symptom frequency, such as adjusting medications, counseling on daily exercise, and addressing caffeine and alcohol intake that may worsen symptoms. […] If there is insufficient effect from alpha-2-delta ligands, dopamine agonists (e.g., ropinirole [Requip], pramipexole [Mirapex], rotigotine [Neupro]) can be considered with the caveat that these drugs may lose effectiveness or worsen the symptoms of RLS over time.

• #37 Common Sleep Disorders in Adults: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0400/p397.html

  Cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia is the first-line treatment for chronic insomnia. […] Nonpharmacologic interventions are first-line treatment for restless legs syndrome, followed by the use of alpha-2-delta ligands. […] Continuous positive airway pressure is the most effective treatment option for obstructive sleep apnea and is recommended in conjunction with weight loss. […] Treatments for insomnia include cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for insomnia and hypnotic medications. […] A shared decision-making approach should be used to decide if pharmacologic therapy should be initiated when CBT for insomnia is ineffective or when there is incomplete symptom resolution. […] Treatment of delayed sleep-wake phase disorder that includes melatonin (0.3 mg to 5 mg) administered before the desired bedtime may be effective in the setting of circadian misalignment; however, there are concerns about differences in product formulation.

• #38 Sleep Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560720/

  Treatment of OSA includes primarily mechanical positive airway therapy (PAP), lifestyle changes, and options of oral appliances or surgical procedures in certain patients. […] A number of medications can be used for the treatment of narcolepsy. […] Light-phase shift therapy is useful for sleep disturbances associated with circadian rhythm abnormalities. […] Gabapentin enacarbil, a prodrug formulation of gabapentin, significantly improves restless leg syndrome and hence can alleviate sleep disturbance.

• #39 Sleep Problems Diagnosis, Tests, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/understanding-sleep-problems-treatment

  Your treatment will depend on what type of sleep problem you’re having. […] The first thing to try is changing your sleep habits. […] Treatment depends on the specific type of circadian rhythm disorder and may include adjustment of bedtimes and rise times, appropriately timed melatonin use, and bright light therapy. […] When you have sleep apnea, you briefly stop breathing several times a night. […] Ask your doctor if you need a CPAP machine. […] For some people, it helps to wear a dental brace that holds the lower jaw forward during sleep. […] Your doctor may also prescribe a medication to help you stay awake and treat the sudden loss of muscle control when you wake up. […] Cutting down on caffeine may help. […] Prescription medicines that might help include: carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet), clonazepam (Klonopin), gabapentin enacarbil (Horizant), gabapentin (Neurontin), pramipexole (Mirapex), pregabalin (Lyrica), rotigotine (Neupro), ropinirole (Requip). […] If your child has a nightmare or night terror, comfort them. […] If you’re pregnant, never take sleeping pills or any herbal remedies without talking with your doctor first. […] Maintaining good sleep hygiene is important.

• #40 Sleep Disorders | Parkinson’s Foundation

  https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/non-movement-symptoms/sleep-disorders

  A good nights sleep is critical to our health and well-being. However, for people with Parkinsons disease (PD), sleep becomes even more important as the body needs more time to restore and repair itself. […] Disrupted sleep can affect your health, mood and overall quality of life. […] Certain antidepressants, such as mirtazapine (Remeron) may help with sleep while others the SSRIs can make other sleep symptoms worse. […] Treatment for Daytime Sleepiness […] Consider making certain lifestyle modifications, such as: […] Treatment for REM Sleep Disorder […] Talk to your doctor about the over-the-counter sleep aid melatonin. Doses up to 12 mg one hour before bedtime can improve RBD symptoms. […] Treatment for Insomnia […] Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a technique that helps people change patterns of negative thinking and behavior. […] Light therapy is another treatment option, where you are exposed to light that is brighter than indoor light but not as bright as direct sunlight. […] Medications may also be considered as a treatment. Talk to your doctor before taking any medication.

• #41 Sleep disorders: treatment – The Pharmaceutical Journal

  https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/sleep-disorders-treatment

  The most disabling symptom of narcolepsy is the inability to stay appropriately alert for more than a few hours and a significant majority of patients benefit from wake-promoting drug therapy. […] A considerable proportion of narcoleptic patients will not achieve adequate control of excessive daytime sleepiness with modafinil alone and it is often useful to add an alternative psychostimulant, such as dexamphetamine or methylphenidate. […] Although RLS may be particularly severe during pregnancy, in general dopamine agonists should be avoided even though clinical evidence for harm is lacking. […] When used in Parkinson’s disease, the risk of impulse control disorders induced by dopamine agonists is a serious problem. […] In general, sleep deprivation acts to provoke NREM parasomnia activity and advice on obtaining sufficient sleep may be helpful. […] Clonazepam has become established as the first-line treatment, again in the absence of detailed or controlled trial data.

• #42 Treatment options for sleep disorders

  https://www.mercyone.org/newsroom/blog-articles/top-treatment-options-sleep-disorders

  A number of medications help treat some sleep disorders, such as insomnia, restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Melatonin supplements are most effective in the treatment of certain circadian rhythm sleep disorders. […] Oral appliances can help treat snoring and sleep apnea. […] Surgery may be an option if you suffer from a severe case of obstructive sleep apnea. […] If you think you may have a sleep disorder, visit with your primary care provider about having a sleep study done.

• #43 What is Sleep Disorder Therapy? – TherapyTribe

  https://www.therapytribe.com/therapy/sleep-disorder-treatment/

  If there is a mood disorder linked to the sleep disorder, antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications are often prescribed to help improve sleep. […] Dietary supplements such as melatonin (a hormone naturally produced by your body) and chamomile (an herbal remedy) are helpful to some who struggle with sleep disorders.

• #44 Sleep Disorder Treatment | Allegheny Health Network

  https://www.ahn.org/services/medicine/sleep/treatments

  Most sleep disorders can be successfully treated after an accurate diagnosis is made. Depending on a patients condition and particular needs, treatment options may include: […] Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy (CPAP) A nasal or oral mask that fits comfortably over the nose and mouth, CPAP infuses a constant, steady supply of air pressure through the nose to the lungs. It keeps the upper airway open which eliminates the breathing pauses caused by sleep apnea so you will no longer snore or make choking noises in your sleep. […] Medication Often used in conjunction with other therapies, short- and long-term medications that are always prescribed under the close supervision of a doctor are highly effective in treating some sleep disorders. […] Behavioral therapy Techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery, self-hypnosis, and light exercise often help to reduce stress and promote relaxation for a natural sleep.

• #45 Sleep disorders – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-disorders/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20572160

  Oral appliances. Appliances worn in the mouth, known as oral appliances, may be an option instead of CPAP. These are custom-made mouthpieces that are used during sleep. The goal is to lessen airflow blockage in the throat area by pushing the lower jaw and tongue forward. […] A newer surgical option for obstructive sleep apnea is upper airway nerve stimulation therapy. In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration has approved an upper airway nerve stimulation system called Inspire to treat obstructive sleep apnea in some people if CPAP therapy doesn’t work. […] Medicines. Medicines and supplements may help treat some sleep disorders.

• #46 Sleep Disorder Treatment | Allegheny Health Network

  https://www.ahn.org/services/medicine/sleep/treatments

  Surgery When other treatment options fail, surgery may be needed to correct a sleep disorder. Surgical choices include removal of the tonsils and/or adenoids, removal of excessive tissue in the throat to make it wider, repair of bone and tissue abnormalities in the mouth and throat, and bariatric surgery to facilitate weight loss. […] Respiratory muscle stimulation This consists of a breathing sensor and a stimulation lead, powered by a small battery. Implanted during a short, outpatient procedure, this stimulation continuously monitors your breathing while you sleep. The system mildly stimulates key airway muscles, and gently moves the tongue and other soft tissues out of the airway so you can breathe during sleep.

• #47

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/sleep-disorders/treatment-options

  Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is a nonsurgical sleep disorder treatment option thats been proven to treat sleep apnea. […] Medications can play an important role in managing sleep issues. […] Most people can effectively treat sleep disorders without surgery. If you do need surgery, however, it will most likely involve one or more of the following procedures: Correction of a nasal deformity, Removal of tonsils, Removal of adenoids, Surgical placement of a sleep apnea treatment device. These surgical procedures reduce excess tissue in order to widen the airway and make it easier to breathe, which in turn makes it easier to sleep.

• #48 Pediatric Sleep Disorders | OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/doernbecher/pediatric-sleep-disorders

  A good nights sleep is essential for your childs well-being. When sleep is disrupted, children may have health, behavior and development problems. At OHSU Doernbecher Childrens Hospital, doctors will give your child the most effective treatment in a caring environment. […] A range of specialists will confer about your childs specific sleep disorder. Treatment will vary by diagnosis. […] Surgery to remove enlarged tonsils and adenoids is the first-line recommended treatment for children with obstructive sleep apnea. If a child has unusual facial anatomy, we may consider other options, such as craniofacial surgery. […] Well consider nonsurgical options if a child: […] Nonsurgical options include: […] Medications: There are no FDA-approved medications specifically for childrens insomnia. Our doctors generally discourage using over-the-counter medicines for children with insomnia, but they can review all options with you.

• #49 Sleep Disorders in Children | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/sleep-disorders-children/

  The treatment for your child’s sleep disorder depends on the type of disorder and the cause. Breathing disorders may require medical therapy, oxygen or surgery to improve breathing during sleep. Other disorders benefit from cognitive behavioral strategies to improve sleep. […] Occasionally, children need machines to help with breathing during sleep. One machine that is commonly used is called continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). A CPAP machine is used to treat obstructive sleep apnea by providing a flow of positive-pressure air through a mask to open the upper airway while the child is asleep. The goal of CPAP is to enable the child to have regular or normal breathing, eliminate snoring and restore normal sleep patterns. Some children may need help feeling comfortable with PAP treatment. We have a desensitization program called STARS (Steps Towards Achieving Restful Sleep) for these children at the Anschutz Campus.

• #50 Sleep Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560720/

  Sleep disorders encompass several clinical problems encountered in outpatient settings. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and management of sleep disorders and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in evaluating and treating patients with this condition. […] Explain the management options available for sleep disorders. […] Treatment of insomnia can be broadly categorized into non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments. […] Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) includes a set of psychological and behavioral techniques specific to treating insomnia. […] Studies report that CBT-I is the psychological treatment of choice, using individual or group therapy techniques and, recently, digital CBT-I formats. […] CBT-I therapy is particularly important in groups of patients that may not tolerate pharmacological treatment, such as older patients, due to increased risk of side effects and addiction and tolerance to using Z drugs.

• #51 Sleep Disorders (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/sleep-disorders-hp-pdq

  Psychological interventions are directed toward facilitating the patient’s coping processes through education, support, and reassurance. […] When cancer survivors experience sleep-wake disturbances, cognitive behavioral intervention counseling should be the first consideration for management. […] If CBT is not available or has not been successful, pharmacological management can be considered. […] Several classes of medications are used to treat sleep-wake cycle disturbances, including nonbenzodiazepine benzodiazepine receptor agonists, benzodiazepines, melatonin receptor agonists, antihistamines, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. […] Medications used to induce sleep are intended for the short-term management of sleep disorders. […] Nonpharmacological treatment of sleep disorders is the preferred initial management, with the use of medication when indicated and referral to a sleep disorder center when specialized care is necessary.

• #52 Update on Treating Sleep Disorders

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2019-mar-apr/update-on-treating-sleep-disorders

  New treatments hold promise of increasing efficacy with precision medicine. […] Understanding the neurobiology of sleep and its benefits on health and wellness continues to evolve, and new strategies have emerged to treat individuals with sleep disorders. […] Sleep medicine is poised to deliver care in a precision medicine model. […] For example, some sleep centers are using pharmacogenomics to identify better fits for medication use for patients with sleep disorders to maximize benefits and minimize potential adverse effects. […] The accepted standard treatment for chronic insomnia is cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). […] The American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the American College of Physicians recommend CBT-I as first-line treatment for chronic insomnia. […] If patients can not access in-person CBT-I, it can be offered online or via video conference.

• #53 Emerging Treatment Options for Sleep Disorders

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/emerging-treatment-options-for-sleep-disorders

  Experts in sleep medicine share emerging treatments in the pipeline for the management of sleep disorders. […] The consumer sleep technologies that are out there. […] These devices are reasonably accurate. […] Some of these technologies have guides or advice that’s available. […] We talked about cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and the first-line treatment works really well, but there’s a limited number of practitioners who can apply it. […] There are digital CBT-I solutions now that are out there that are FDA approved, and I’m interested to see if that increases access to this therapeutic modality for people. […] I’m very grateful that at-home sleep testing has become so prevalent. […] I can get that out of the way before I give them pharmacologic therapy that’s going to sedate them further and make their sleep disorder breathing worse.

• #54 Emerging Treatment Options for Sleep Disorders

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/emerging-treatment-options-for-sleep-disorders

  We’re seeing auto scoring overnight sleep studies, which it’s useful for that. […] Artificial intelligence, as we apply it to sleep medicine, is going to transform things in a lot of ways. […] It’s great to see that we’re bringing the sleep lab to the home, and empowering patients with all of these new devices and wearables.

• #55 Sleep Disorder Treatment for Adults and Children

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/sleep-disorders/

  Sleep disorders are most often treated with lifestyle changes. Once a doctor has determined the cause of the problem, they can help develop a plan to get your sleep schedule back in order. Medication and diet changes are often involved. […] Our skilled sleep care team knows what kinds of behaviors prevent and aid in getting a full-nights rest. Were ready to help you put an end to this problem. […] Treatments for sleep disorders depends on the nature of the sleep problem. […] Cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) can be helpful if the problem is inability to sleep. […] Let’s be healthy together. Contact us today to learn more about our sleep disorder treatment options.

• #56 Sleep Therapy for Insomnia: Finding Expert Help

  https://thriveworks.com/therapy/sleep-therapy-for-insomnia/

  Sleep therapy can help treat these disorders and give people ways to manage their symptoms, making a good night’s sleep possible again. […] Proper diagnosis and treatment, which may include lifestyle changes, behavioral therapy, medications, or medical devices, are crucial to managing these disorders and improving overall sleep quality and daytime functioning. […] Sleep therapy, also known as sleep medicine or sleep disorder treatment, is a branch of medical practice that aims to diagnose and treat various sleep disorders. […] Sleep therapy is highly individualized and depends on the specific sleep disorder, its severity, and the patient’s unique circumstances. […] Sleep therapists typically begin by conducting comprehensive assessments of a patient’s sleep patterns, habits, and overall health.

• #57 Sleep-Wake Disorders Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Sleep Hygiene, Other Interventions

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/287104-treatment

  Zolpidem and zaleplon are the newest and, arguably, the safest agents that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for short-term hypnotic use. […] Suvorexant (Belsomra) was approved by the FDA in August 2014 and is the first orexin receptor antagonist for insomnia. It is indicated for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance. […] No special diet is needed to treat insomnia, but large meals and spicy foods should be avoided in the 3 hours before bedtime. Patients should avoid sleep-disturbing substances such as alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine. […] Regular follow-up care, even if infrequent, is necessary once appropriate medication is successfully in use.

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